#social structure and demography

[just-late-roman-republic-things]

Notes on Roman demography:

It's really, really hard to estimate how many people lived in Rome or in Italy as a whole. In republican times, the census only counted free adult men.

Augustus' census recorded 4 million people in Italy, but we don't know how to interpret this number. If it's like earlier censuses (male citizens only), it implies a total population of around 10 million, and a big surge in the last 200 years.

But our literary sources almost all imply the population was stagnating or declining due to the wars and famines of the 1st century BCE, and Augustus himself thought the population was declining.

So, most historians now think the 4 million number does include all Roman citizens in Italy, male and female. If so, this is indeed a decrease from the 4.5 million we've estimated for 225 BCE, based on Polybius' account of the Second Punic War.

Losing over 11% of the population, even after adding new citizens through manumission, immigration and colony-founding, would have had massive effects on politics. (It's the equivalent of the USA losing 37 million people.) This may have made the surviving Romans more willing to accept Augustus' autocratic rule, which at least promised stability. It might have offered career opportunities to new men like Cicero and Marcus Agrippa as the ranks of the nobility were thinned. And I strongly suspect it contributed to Augustus' notorious marriage laws, which unsuccessfully tried to incentivize having more kids.

I also wonder if high mortality rates are part of the reason Rome was so open to integrating foreigners as citizens. Rome was at war nearly every year, and in the Second Punic War (for instance) lost over 25% of its adult male population in battles. (1)

However! Rome's slow recovery during and after the Augustan age, plus greater economic mobility, helped the population bounce back, reaching a high around 120 CE of 1 million in Rome and ~75 million for the empire as a whole. (2)

(The population and economy got so big we can see traces of it in polar ice cores - they raised Earth's carbon dioxide levels!) (3)

Life expectancy at birth was probably around 25-35. Half of all children probably died before the age of 10, but if you lived past that, it wasn't unusual to reach your 50s or 60s.

Slaves made up somewhere between 20-33% of the population of the late republic. (4)

Freedmen made up another big chunk. The highest estimate I've seen was 50% in Rome itself; lowest is around 20-25%. But in any case, there were a lot. (4)

Due to such high child mortality, and adult mortality due to war and disease, the average Roman woman gave birth around nine times. This partly accounts for why Roman girls were married off in their teens. The age gap between first-time brides and their husbands, and the number of pregnancies and children, were major systemic factors that kept Roman women subjugated under patriarchy. (5)

Adrian Goldsworthy, Antony and Cleopatra

Walter Scheidel, "Demography," The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World.

Mary Beard, Meet the Romans (documentary series)

Erich Gruen, The Last Generation of the Roman Republic

Mary Beard, SPQR

The rest comes from Neville Morley's "Social Structure and Demography," in A Companion to the Roman Republic, ed. Nathan Rosenstein and Robert Morstein-Marx.

#my epubs make it hard to cite page numbers but poke me if you need a quote to ctrl+F #roman demography #neville morley #social structure and demography #a companion to the roman republic #jlrrt reads

[blueiskewl]

‘Extremely Rare’ Roman Temple Discovered in Italy

Sarsina is a sleepy, rural town of barely 3,000 residents straddling the pristine Apennine mountains in Italy’s Emilia Romagna region, surrounded by stunning views and grazing sheep.

While it has a glorious past, as a strategic defensive outpost for the Roman Empire and the birthplace of the famed playwright Plautus, today there’s not much to do beyond hiking and birdwatching.

And though both locals and holidaymakers would agree that a rustic, slow-paced lifestyle is part of Sarsina’s charm, its residents were nonetheless excitedly awaiting the construction of a development including a new supermarket, fitness center and playground. But it was not meant to be — at least, not as originally planned.

That’s because workers at the site on the outskirts of town in December 2022 unearthed the ruins of an ancient Roman temple — or ‘capitolium’ — dating back to the first century BC.

In early July, a first look at the underground treasure came to light: a single imposing structure of horizontal sandstone blocks and marble slabs, 577 square meters wide, which researchers have identified as the podium above which the columns and walls of an ancient temple were built.

And what has come out of the ground so far could be just the tip of the iceberg.

“We have unearthed three separate rooms, likely dedicated to the triad of gods Jupiter, Juno and Minerva,” lead archaeologist at the excavation site Romina Pirraglia said. “The excavations are still underway… and we have already identified an older, deeper layer of ruins dating back to the 4th century BC, when the Umbrian people (an ancient Italic tribe who predated the Romans) lived in the area. The entire temple could be even larger than what we now see.”

According to Pirraglia, the discovery of a capitolium — the main temple in an important Roman city, and a hub for trade as well as religious and social interactions — further confirms the strategic role Sarsina played during the Roman Empire. The town was built in a key mountainous area close to the Tuscan border and overlooking the Savio river, an important waterway connecting central and northern Roman cities.

The discovery of the temple has pushed local authorities to revise their building plans. Federica Gonzato, superintendent of archaeology, fine arts and landscape for the provinces of Ravenna, Rimini and Forlì-Cesena, which includes Sarsina, is adamant in wanting to preserve the ruins and further research its great past.

“We will not tear it down to make room for modern structures, this must be very clear. Previous urban plans will be changed, we will find new construction sites for recreation and sports,” Gonzato said. “The temple is an incredible finding that sheds light on how ancient Roman towns rose and fell across time.”

What makes the discovery exceptional is the temple’s unique state of preservation. “The marvelous quality of the stones have been spared from sacks, enemy invasions and plunders across millennia thanks to the remote location of Sarsina, a quiet spot distant from larger cities,” Gonzato added. “Temples such as this one (were) regularly plundered, exploited as quarries with stones and marble slabs taken away to be re-used to build new homes. But Sarsina’s capitolium podium structure is practically untouched, with its entrance staircase well-preserved, and this is extremely rare.”

Gonzato believes the discovery will further research on demography and urban transformations in ancient times. And there’s more to the site than just the temple’s podium. Pirraglia said there are signs that the building was reused in medieval times. An ancient water drainage system was found alongside medieval tombs and hearths indicating that locals likely inhabited it, or used the site for other social purposes.

“This is the beauty of Italy: wherever you dig, some hidden treasure comes out of the ground. Wonders never cease to amaze us,” said Gonzato.

By Silvia Marchetti.

#‘Extremely Rare’ Roman Temple Discovered in Italy #Sarsina Italy #capitolium #ancient temple #ancient artifacts #archeology #archeolgst #history #history news #ancient history #ancient culture #ancient civilizations #roman history #roman empire #roman art

[morrak]

Untitled Wednesday Library Series, Part 123

I recently attended a gathering of several hundred librarians at which nametags were sorted by first name and lunch was held in the oldest, fanciest, book-cagiest reading room. I say so not because it's especially important — it isn't — but rather to communicate (1) a sense of profound social exhaustion and (2) some degree of low-stakes bemusement, neither of which I've yet gotten over.

Last week concerned Moore's 1970 Foundations of Mechanical Accuracy, which is basically quite important. This week steps back and to the side, but not away: Irving Lewis Horowitz's 1939 dissertation, The Metal Machining Trades in Philadelphia: An Occupational Survey, presented to the University of Pennsylvania in pursuant to a PhD in education.

The How

Like the Moore, this one is only on loan. Unlike the Moore, I wasn't looking for it; I happened to glimpse the title while scanning for another University of Pennsylvania dissertation at work. I'm not sure why the (very definitely non-UPenn) lending library had anything from UPenn at all, much less something this old and rarely used — it was checked out exactly once, to a C. M. Crawford on 12 Jan 1942 — but it seemed interesting enough.

The Text

Per Horowitz: 'The aim of this study is to provide information concerning the number, the nature, and requirements of the machine shop occupations in urban Philadelphia. The purpose of this information is primarily to aid in the guidance and training of youth in public schools.' To that end, he interviewed 172 individuals across as many firms in the city in 1938 and '39, crunched several decades of semiannual wage reports submitted to the Philadelphia Metal Manufacturer's Association, conducted observations of work conditions, and put together some extraordinarily tidy syntheses of his findings.

Much of the text proper summarizes numerical findings, so there's not much purchase for fancy prose or commentary. The structure is sufficient but not very intuitive; the occasional exposition about grinding or tool and die making or piece-work or set-up men is probably necessary but feels efficient only once or twice. Sometimes this works like a business brief, sometimes like a government one, and only at the beginning and end does it (to my much later, not-an-education-PhD-candidate eyes) feel most like a dissertation.

That someone could write such a thing, at such a time as the late 30s, in such a place as Philly, is fucking outrageous. Any amount of information about metalworking in that setting is, to a certain kind of person, as good as gold, especially given the sources involved. It is, of course, inescapably a product of those sources — racial disparities, when mentioned, are treated casually; women only incidentally labor; older workers are liabilities; military contracts lurk in the background but are never mentioned explicitly; geography is left to the imagination. No maps; no real demography; no worker surveys; few data we'd recognize as useful labor statistics.

The Object

Dissertation binding is easy to spot, by which I mean it's usually an afterthought. This one's boards are original and very, very sad. Crispy, really. The stitched self-adhesive strips connecting the text block and spine (which is hand-lettered backward to the American standard) are mostly intact, but only because of limited handling time. Thankfully the block itself is nearly pristine.

Tangential light still shows some very neat artifacts from printing — the heavily ruled lines around tables all left slight dents in the paper, and many of the borders were printed with either loose or slightly imperfectly cast blocks. None of this detracts from the quality and care the thing exudes. Tables and graphs this good AND this old might as well not exist, but here they are: perfect anyway.

In the third image, you can see the pressure artifacts coming through from the verso most clearly. In the fifth, note that the lower graph’s axes are identically numbered in different units — cents/hour and hours/week happen to have lined up nicely enough through those years to make scaling extra delicious. That plus the third one’s layout make me want to [REDACTED] the author, as @girlfriendsofthegalaxy put it, right on the [EXPUNGED].

The Why, Though?

As I said, Foundations of Mechanical Accuracy is basically quite important. This basically isn't at all, and may never have been. I don't know, but it is worth remembering that the trade schools Horowitz discusses are exactly the ones that would've trained the seasoned machinists and engineers employed by Moore Tool 30 years later. Whether anyone cared about this survey in particular isn't really knowable to me. It cites lots of local work, sure, and I bet certain people would've cared, but come on. 1939? In Philly? The Naval Yard was right there, and wartime production measures could've done any number of things to educational policies.

More importantly to us, please remember that the requisite data were taken down on paper and crunched on a slide rule. The graphs were drafted with pens and rulers, then printed in small batches at a college press using bespoke plates. Poor fucker interviewed 172 workshop and factory administrators before even writing. I hope he made that defense committee beg for his mercy.

#images #untitled wednesday library series

[mapsontheweb]

The birth of agriculture: Between 10,000 and 5,000 years before our era, men became farmers and breeders in several parts of the world. With a series of consequences on food, demography and social structures...

by @LegendesCarto

#maps #tw #agriculture #neolithic

[beneaththetangles]

First Impression: Ooku: The Inner Chambers

It is the era of the shoguns and a mysterious plague spreads through the land, killing off eight in every ten men. Within eighty years, the demography, labor practices, social norms, and political structures of Japan have transformed and no one can remember the way things used to be. Men are protected from hard labor due to their weak constitutions, as those belonging to wealthy families are pampered, while those of poorer households are prostituted off to a population dominated by women who consider it their highest achievement to bear a child. Amid this matriarchal world, nineteen-year-old Yunoshin Mizuno hails from a family caught in between, a lower-ranking samurai clan who cannot quite afford the dowry for a husband for their daughter, but nevertheless refuse to sell their son, Mizuno. Out of appreciation for their care for him, and to secure his sister the funds she needs, Mizuno makes a bold sacrifice: he volunteers to join the Ooku, or royal inner court, and devote his life to domestic labor among a community of men whose services—both daytime and night—are reserved for the lord shogun herself. Labeled a country bumpkin, Mizuno finds himself the target of hazing and intimidation at the palace, where he is a low-ranked page, but he gives as good as he gets and eventually manages to catch the eye of the new shogun. She too hails from the provinces and her stern, practical nature doesn’t fit the soft luxury and coy whispered scheming of the Inner Chambers. Will the two find themselves unlikely partners as they shake up the Ooku? It certainly looks like it!

(Read More)

#Anime #First Impressions #Ooku: The Inner Chambers #Ooku #Summer Anime 2023 #Anime Article #Anime Blog #Articles #Christian Anime #Christian Otaku #Author: claire

[theredbloggings]

"The aforementioned fixation on Palestinian women obfuscates how dehumanized Palestinian women and Palestinian mothers in particular actually are by Zionists and throughout Israeli society. This is evident in how Israeli lawmaker Ayelet Shaked openly called for the murder of Palestinian women because they give birth to “little snakes.” Bret Stephens similarly targeted Palestinian mothers in a particularly atrocious article, saying that unlike Western mothers who worry their child will get a bad tattoo, Palestinian mothers want their children to die fighting the occupation; he then went on to say that he has yet to meet an Israeli mother who wants to raise a murderer, because in his view state-sanctioned murder vis-a-vis military conscription or having children write messages of racist hate on missiles about to be launched into Lebanon do not count. 

Stephens finally openly states that Palestinian culture is “a culture that openly celebrates murder and is not fit for statehood”, consequently, if Palestinians want a state, they should, like postwar Germany, put themselves “…through a process of moral rehabilitation” and that for Palestine, “this should start with the mothers.” 

Mordechai Kedar, an Israeli military intelligence officer turned academic made public statements regarding ‘raping the wives and mothers of Palestinian combatants’ to deter ‘terrorist attacks’. These comments were defended by his university as “the bitter reality of the Middle East”. This sentiment is widespread throughout Israeli society, as the eminent scholar Rabab Abdulhadi noted in her incredibly valuable article for Feminist Studies; Israel’s bloody 2014 assault on Gaza was gleefully supported with Israeli social media posts that included a sexualized image of a hijabi women with calls on Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu to rape her. Furthermore, public banners sponsored by an Israeli city’s city council told Israeli soldiers to ‘pound their mothers and come home to your own mothers!’, and a popular t-shirt design amongst Israeli men who served in the army depicted a bullseye pointing at a pregnant Palestinian niqab-wearing woman with the caption “one shot, two kills.” 

Palestinian women are targeted for these kinds of racist and misogynistic attacks because Israel is an ethnocracy, which aims to cement the domination of a certain ethnic group on all spheres of society, a crucial aspect of which is demography. Within this framework, Palestinians are viewed as “demographic threats” [You can read more about this here]. This obsession with demographics necessarily manifests itself, as Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian has written,  in racist and gendered policies to “contain and reduce the Palestinian population” through assaults on Palestinian daily and domestic life, extending to the often fatal denial of essential treatment to pregnant women, as evidenced by two UNHCR reports of checkpoints delaying pregnant Palestinian women’s access to healthcare. These reports state that 68 women had forced roadside births resulting in 34 miscarriages and that inadequate medical care during pregnancy was found to be the third cause of mortality among Palestinian women of reproductive age. 

The aim is to “target the literal biological reproduction of Palestinian life”; these policies have shaped, Shalhoub-Kevorkian argues, a “death zone” for Palestinians and Palestinian women especially, as part of a larger, ongoing process of dispossession congruent with settler colonial practices elsewhere. This death zone is “the space where the biological, material and cultural reproduction of Palestinian social life is put at daily and intimate risk.” According to Shalhoub-Kevorkian, this “sexual violence is central to the larger structure of colonial power, its racialized machinery of domination, and its logic of elimination. Colonialism is itself structured by the logic of sexual violence.” Attacks on Palestinian women’s lives include  rape and other forms of gender-based torture in Israeli prisons, consistent with the UN’s findings that sexual violence as part of overarching violent conflict is “used as a means of inflicting terror upon the population at large” and “can also be part of a genocidal strategy”. 

Furthermore, as reported by the UN Special Rapporteur on violence against women Dubravka Šimonović, Israeli settlers also frequently attack little girls going to school, to such an extent that some families have become too afraid to send them. While this is a case of gendered human rights abuses committed by non-State actors, it is ultimately de facto endorsed by the Israeli State through their consistent ‘failure’ to investigate or prosecute perpetrators. Šimonović also reported on the traumatizing effect of Israeli home raids and demolitions, with a woman testifying that she took to sleeping fully covered in anticipation of soldiers’ entering her bedroom during a night raid, as has become all too customary."

-"Purple Washing" Decolonize Palestine

#radfems for palestine #radical feminism #palestine resources #theredbloggings

[akpaleyreblogs]

As a person who engages with gender primarily as a set of social roles that get constructed in cultures for reasons, I am very interested in RPing in fantasy settings that imagine restrictive gendered social roles but like. Not the way my culture does it. Different ways. Ways that also make it costly to disobey norms, but the norms are different.

The problem is that I run D&D for an all nonbinary group of people and don't want to impose a fun tax. And I play D&D with a group of people who is much less interested in this idea than I am as far as I can tell. And saying "hey I want to explore gender the way I relate to gender in a game, and the way I relate to gender is inherently about people telling you what they want you to be for reasons that might have made sense in aggregate or for the people in power but are restrictive and uncomfortable for the individuals they don't successfully mould into fitting them" is like. That's a really big ask! It's a huge imposition for players who aren't all in on the gender as culture that we explore and fit with or friction against. It's a big ask for a game master to develop an interesting discriminatory cultural schema and set of expectations and apply it to you in interesting ways.

It's just. One of the most interesting base things to worldbuild about for me. It's fascinating as a structural set of mechanisms and thinking about it when constructing societies and characters is interesting and I wish it weren't so... awkward to try to do something with it when you're the only person interested in engaging with that? How does your society construct gender, what are its reproductive norms, how does it decide who to claim is aberrant, how does it treat them, and what does that say about its values? How you generate people is one of the most core questions a society needs to answer. Demography matters. The pressures that exist depending on the reproductive needs of a pre-industrial society? They matter! How does your culture meet them? How does it enforce them? How does that turn into social roles that go far beyond what they originally needed to do?

I have made an active choice in developing Kaijja's homeland that most people have kids. Having kids makes you more credible. the imagery of pregnancy is culturally powerful. The deep history of that culture comes out of (my admittedly limited knowledge of) common interactions between adoption of agricultural resource hoarding behavior and gender relations, and there's all sorts of other stuff built on top. One of the few pieces of worldbuilding I did for their land empire neighbors was a stricter and dramatically more patriarchal than the setting in general set of gender norms. It's unlikely to come up in the campaign, but writing a bit of her ex-husband's relationship with culture as a... let's call it second generation immigrant, though it's more complicated than that, is in part about navigation of finding the things he wanted and didn't want about different communication and gender and family construction norms between the two cultures. I have had explicit conversations with my DM about what transgender people mean culturally in these cultures.

Roleplaying any of the expectations that come out of that is excruciatingly awkward. Because I realized the moment that one of the other PCs was nonbinary that their player did not sign up for my nonsense, and making a thing of the gender of her character without her having consented ahead of time was not a kind thing to do or a good idea. I got a little ways into that, decided it was uncomfortable and a horrible idea, and stopped. Sometimes we make character choices based on our own boundaries, and should.

Which is just to say that like. Even when given maximal control over things and only really doing stuff in my own domain, this is not something I really get to explore without really broad buy-in because no one not buying in will do gender norms to me, and I don't want to do them to anyone who's not bought in as either a PC or a GM.

But I am very interested in exploring what different gender norms and societal reproductive needs do to the people living under and in them. And I am interested in doing it through roleplay because running RPGs is my main writing medium and because feeling what it is like to be part of and subject to systems is interesting. But oh boy do I not have any idea how to have a useful conversation about that or find a group of people who are similarly interested in the kind of weird sociological approach to that that I'm interested in. I think in general I assume people are less interested in engaging with oppressive social systems in RPGs than I am. It's probably true. I don't KNOW it's true, but probably. I've read the literature about the fun tax. Most people I know are pretty queer. So I assume. I mean like, I should probably ask, I know my sibling is queer but also interested in gender as culture as a setting element. It happens. But it's a tremendously awkward ask to make if the answer is no.

So instead I'm writing a page long ramble and posting it on the internet where maybe someone or maybe no one will read it. Maybe I'm just talking. Maybe the people who exist on here will tell me if they have feelings one way or another without me having to directly ask. Maybe this is an expression of anxiety. Who am I kidding, this is definitely an expression of anxiety. But maybe that's all it is.

[rametarin]

"You're not a culture," is the same as, "you're not a person," for collectivists.

Social constructionists do not believe in the biological as a foundation for human structures. Family to them not only is also found, but to them, biological family is this horrid medieval error we make as a species and they seek its abolition as a concept- to marginalize heredity and bloods' influence on the legally recognized structures, and consider such familial relations based on blood to be bigoted. Unless it's, "your culture" to do that. Then it's okay- when everybody but white people do it.

But this brings me to my next point. This same ideology that would say such a thing is not valid legally but is valid if it's your culture, believe that Europeans do not have any. Not any singular culture via coming from the diversity of Indo-Europeans, and not even multiple different cultures. That is, ZERO culture. Claiming that there's not a whit of it or an individual culture on the European side of the continent from Northern Africa to the polar ice caps.

By contrast, they believe every single black person, is also a capital B Black person. A member of a culture that is, inescapably, inexorably, a culture of cultures unto themselves. Take a singular black baby, put them in a white family, you're committing a crime by taking them out of "their culture," and also creating a whole new different and distinct Black culture, just by them being Black in a cultureless environment by cultureless people.

This perspective should alarm you, because they effectively want your demography and "culture" to be what's considered on a legal basis for representation, that subordinates the individual to a member of that culture and their rights before law and courts. If you don't count as a demographic or culture, as they consider whites to not, you don't get the perks and benefits of legal weight and consideration in your favor.

Because when you try and insist law does this, you're effectively saying a few hundred million human beings on earth aren't people. When you play the game where you first and foremost primarily recognize people by their demographics as indivisible cultures, and distinctly single out one as, "not a culture," and thus not liable for the benefits and advantages that brings a culture when weighing against another, you are just finding a new way to invent a system and then tell certain participants that they are not human. And deserve what abuse the system gives them, that it's justice and fair, and that there's no reason not to treat them that way.

So recognizing one group's mythological creatures as owned by that community, recognizing that community in law and treating it as a singular estate for a collective, and then refusing to allow outsiders to even utilize the characters or stories without the group's explicit permission or participation or monetary gain for them? Considered fine.

But whites aren't considered a culture- not singularly as people descended from indo-europeans, or across the multitudes of peoples indigenous to Europe. There's just funny pale skinned (pale to olive, actually) occupying this landmass that have been determined to have no legal claim to it, the way "indigenous peoples" (non-whites) have in their respective homelands.

To them, whites are only acceptably collectivized as a group when it comes time to blame them for the conspiracy to commit or act as a culture, which they insist, are not, and when operating as such, are merely a hate group. Such as saying because a small minority of whites owned slaved, and that was considered legal in their society, that 'white society' (the illegitimate descendants of those that believed such a thing exists or existed) owes an unpayable debt to the descendants that were wronged by the bondage.

So they do the mental gymnastics of saying if white people do or operate the same exact way as any other demographic culture that is encouraged to self-affiliate, whether it be in white majority, former European colonies, or outside into places and parts of the world Europe never tried to conquer, then it's hate speech and conspiracy to partition and apartheid, not "muh wonderful culture and people."

This long screed is not support for a collective and demographics based set of rights, by the way. The opposite. I'm saying the only reason it's being proposed is as a way to get xenophobic, tribalistic, self-infatuated people to go along with this as THE solution for their greviances. The people trying to make this the status quo in court and law, ultimately, hate any form of culture that comes from heredity, and will happily romance hard luck minority groups for the illusion of collective controls in return for supporting the notion of collectivism and "securing a future for My People"ism.

When the reality is these people despise other cultures and want them to be redefined based on these peoples' cultural and social vaues. IE, that race doesn't exist, that family is found and not hereditary (the hereditary kind aggressively "doesn't matter" and shouldn't in your heart and mind, or you're a bigot.) Give it enough time, the Rachel Dolazels of the world will exist, and be supported by the system as valid. and Capital B Black will become a legal prison that has the only legitimate definition of what being black means, and your actual skin, heredity and culture has nothing to do with the legal construct.

That's how they operate. They collect and partition and empower a large group of minorities and misc. interests groups, refuse to recognize the legitimacy of the majority, use the needs and interests of the minority to draw and quarter the biggest demographic in the room, feed what that demographic is to the little groups on a legal basis of recognition and legitimacy, and then start it over again by singling out another 'oppressor' class, and doing the same to them. Each time the ideological movement gets less and less threatened by the groups operating inside of it, making them eat eachother. By siding with these social constructionist ideologues, they're effectively signing their own cultural death warrants in the future.

All this stupid bullshit because people want to collectivize demographics into political parties on the basis of oppressor and oppressed. That, ultimately, is why they take such issues with the idea of universal laws and removal of ethnic or 'cultural' legitimacy from the equation in law. Because they want those legal distinctions to still exist (and then take credit for abolishing them as relics of a bygone era- but using them in the present to romanticize minorities into cooperation is too useful right now) just in a form whose definition they control the shape and legitimacy of.

So maintaining these two different standards for whites and those that are not where nothing whites do qualifies them as a distinct and coherent culture, well. It's prophetic for how they will eventually legally treat other demographics under the state. When they decide to "enlighten" themselves and change their minds, attributing their "previous bigotry" to their "history in white supremacism that they've learned from and hold themselves accountable to." What's happening today with how the government treats peoples' legitimacy in access to social programs based on their demographics and how "oppressed" they are, and how for this reason, that reason or other, whites are disallowed access to those funds or programs, is a sneak peek to when the next target is targeted by the state for de-legitimization.

All of this needless pretension and doublespeak and glibness by the ideologues to maintain this veneer of "equality and equity and justice," when that's just how they define putting themselves in charge.

[blockverse-infotech]

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#web designing company #website designing services #web developers #web development company #web development #web development sites #web design company india #web developing company #web design #website development agency

[adn17blog-blog]

Unveiling the Dynamic Demographic Trends of Qatar

Nestled on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, Qatar has rapidly emerged as a global player in various sectors, from finance to sports and tourism. As this tiny Gulf nation continues to make strides on the international stage, it is crucial to delve into the intricate tapestry of its demographic landscape. In this blog, we will explore the dynamic demographic trends shaping Qatar's population and their implications for the nation's future.

Population Growth:

Qatar has experienced a remarkable population boom in recent decades, primarily fueled by immigration. The expatriate community plays a pivotal role in the country's labor force, contributing significantly to its economic development. According to recent data, the population of Qatar has surpassed the 2.8 million mark, with expatriates constituting a substantial portion.

Expatriate Influence:

The expatriate community in Qatar hails from diverse cultural and professional backgrounds. Skilled workers from countries like India, the Philippines, and Nepal contribute to the thriving economy, particularly in sectors such as construction, healthcare, and information technology. This influx has not only impacted the country's workforce but has also enriched Qatar's cultural fabric.

Youthful Demography:

Qatar boasts a notably youthful population, with a significant percentage under the age of 30. This demographic trend presents both opportunities and challenges for the nation. On the one hand, a young and dynamic workforce can be a driving force for innovation and economic growth. On the other hand, it underscores the importance of education and job creation to harness the potential of the youth bulge.

Urbanization and Infrastructure Development:

As Qatar rapidly urbanizes, its cities, especially Doha, are witnessing substantial growth and development. The government's ambitious infrastructure projects, including the futuristic Lusail City, are not only reshaping the skyline but also attracting a diverse range of residents. The ongoing infrastructure development is not only enhancing the standard of living but also positioning Qatar as a global hub.

Family Structure and Social Dynamics:

Traditionally, Qatari society has been characterized by close-knit family structures. However, modernization and globalization have led to evolving social dynamics. Changes in lifestyle, education, and employment patterns are influencing family structures, challenging traditional norms. This transformation reflects the delicate balance between preserving cultural values and embracing progress.

Economic Diversity and Sustainability:

Qatar, historically reliant on hydrocarbon resources, is steering towards economic diversification and sustainability. The National Vision 2030 outlines strategic goals for the country, emphasizing the development of non-oil sectors such as tourism, finance, and technology. Demographic trends are integral to shaping and achieving these goals, as the government seeks to create a knowledge-based economy.

Healthcare and Aging Population:

Advancements in healthcare have contributed to an increase in life expectancy, leading to an aging population. Qatar's healthcare system is adapting to the changing demographic landscape by focusing on geriatric care and wellness programs. Addressing the healthcare needs of the elderly is becoming a priority as the nation prepares for the challenges and opportunities associated with an aging demographic.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, Qatar's demographic trends are a reflection of its rapid evolution on the global stage. As the nation embraces economic diversification, urbanization, and social transformation, understanding these demographic shifts becomes crucial for policymakers, businesses, and residents alike. The delicate balance between preserving cultural identity and embracing change will play a pivotal role in shaping Qatar's future as it continues to carve its niche in the 21st-century world.

Blog Source - QatarsTalk.com

#qatari #qatarlife #demographics

[tarragonblack1235813213455]

THE CONVERSATION TOWARD SOCIAL SCIENCE

PSYCHOLOGY

This discipline of social science will study our behavior and the complexities of the mind.

SOCIOLOGY

This discipline of social science will study social interactions, patterns of social behavior, and societies.

■Gender Studies is a

specialty under sociology that

will examine how sex and

gender influence our lives.

■Criminology is a specialty

under sociology that will study

the nature, causes, control,

and prevention of criminal

behavior both in the

individual and in society.

ANTHROPOLOGY

This discipline of social science will study the human species and their different expression of culture across time and space.

■Ethnology is a specialty

under anthropology

concerned with the

comparative study of the

different expression of culture.

■Archaeology is a

specialty of

anthropology concerned

with the systematic

recovery and scientific

investigation of material

remains of past human life

and culture.

POLITICAL SCIENCE

This discipline of social science will give a detailed examination of the political system, its theories of government organization, and the conduct of public policy.

ECONOMICS

The study of how people, organizations, and societies produce, distribute, and consume resources.

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

The study in which will focus on people and their relationship with an environment.

SOCIAL WORK

This branch of social science is dedicated to promoting the well-being of individuals, families, groups, and societies.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

A field which will emphasize the relationships between countries, the roles of sovereign nations, intergovernmental organizations, non-governmental organizations, and multi-national corporations.

EDUCATION STUDIES

The study regarding the processes of teaching and learning within various settings like schools, universities, or informal education institutions.

COMMUNICATION STUDIES

How we utilize the processes of human communication and its effective implementation across various contexts – from interpersonal communication to mass media outlets.

LINGUISTICS

The study of language, exploring its structure, sound systems, meaning, and the social and cultural contexts in which it exists.

CULTURAL STUDIES

The study of understanding and interpreting the ways in which individuals make sense of societal norms, beliefs, artifacts, and institutions and how they form their identities accordingly.

PUBLIC HEALTH

The study of protecting and improving the health of communities through education, promotion of healthy lifestyles, and research for disease and injury prevention.

URBAN STUDIES

The study of cities and urban areas, their formation, function, and their impact on society and nature.

DEMOGRAPHY

The study of statistical patterns of human populations, including size, composition, density, and distribution.

HUMAN RIGHTS STUDIES

A thorough investigation examining the historical, philosophical, legal, and social underpinnings of the human rights movement and concepts.

#social sciences #sociology

[triffidmarketingpvtltd]

How To Build a Social Media Community?

Social media has taken over traditional means of marketing as well as the conversation surrounding means of marketing. With almost 4.20 billion social media users in the world, it’s understandable how wide and far reaching it can be. Delivering valuable content has become easier yet highly competitive.

More and more businesses have moved to the digital space to promote and bring awareness towards their products and services. With so much content and information being delivered to customers and users online, the reading span has also reduced. It means you have to concise your content and present it in a manner that’s impactful and leaves an impression. Social media has become a day to day routine, a platform where billions of people across demography spend at least 3 to 5 hours per day. As business owners it’s wise to include digital strategies in your marketing plan for amplifying the reach of your business.

Everyone talks about content marketing, social media marketing, strategy but very few people talk about a social media community with engaged followers on social media platforms. Majority business owners and entrepreneurs are focused on pumping content endlessly without much engagement, waiting for one post to go viral. The most important thing that business owners should focus on should be community building. Building a community is vital to creating a safe space for your customers. It’s an ongoing process and to yield its benefits you have to keep working towards building your community. There is no short cut towards building a social media community. It’s all about creating meaningful content that your followers engage with positively.

Let’s start that conversation today and understand the basics of social media community building and how it’s vital to your business and growth that’s fueled with shared values.

WHAT IS SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNITY BUILDING?

Social media communities are basically online properties where members with similar interest can share their experiences and start a conversation. With such a wide network across demographic social communities are much like your neighborhood club or a theatre show you catch at the stage. To understand more about the true purpose of social communities, let’s understand the 3 reason behind it first-

1.Communities of Interest: As the name suggests, these communities are more about common interests and things that interest people in general. Topics, discussions that are conducted on a daily basis, which are visited more often.

2.Communities of Task: This structure is based more on peer reviews, classified ads, action or research. People with a goal, to seek information or knowledge about something can be classified as a community of tasks. This may not be as often visited by it also depends on credibility and usefulness.

3.Communities on Vocation: As the name suggests it focuses on professional need and connections. LinkedIn is a great example for communities on vocation. It not only fosters relationships professionally but also helps employers seek employees and job seekers look for jobs. It’s a professional relationship builder which helps you connect with industry experts, business owners and professionals from various fields. Social communities like these can help you gain access to knowledge, opportunities, and experiences. It’s a great way to connect and foster relationships.

BUILDING A SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNITY

Social communities are not just built by merely joining them, it grows only when you engage with them consistently and consciously. And the only way of knowing who your target audience is? And who’s engaging more? Is by sharing your content, thoughts and ideas.

Follow Up: The next step after you have engaged with your audience is to follow up. Look over, research and find out who has connected with your content on a deeper level and speak to them. Send them a link to your blog, or your posts which have been up. Maybe a funny meme you created for a brand, or just a value addition post.

Start a conversation with them. Ask for their opinions and input on the blog or post they interacted on. By doing so you’re engaging and inviting them to your internal community and making them a part of the conversation. This is a continuous process, connecting with people and starting meaningful conversations will make them feel a part of the community. Slowly this community will grow with more members and interested parties who will have the similar inclination towards your message, your goal, and the products and services you’re selling and promoting.

What to Post?: There’s a constant battle for content creators, content strategists to decide what to publish. What’s more engaging and impactful? There’s a constant overlap between what marketers post and what consumers want to see. More and more marketers are focused on telling a story, inspiring their consumers, sales and discounts, teaching, showcase, ets. The educational aspect is one constant between both marketers and consumers.

For a more engaging social community one needs to align their purpose with their business model. It should be something that aligns from the top to the bottom of the hierarchy. It is to be committed to your purpose of building a community that resonates and speaks in lines of your own morals and values. And this happens only through constant and consistent engagement. Brands should not only market but also take on the role to educate, provide tools and techniques and ways to achieve goals, something which will be a win-win situation for all.

Value is the essence of building communities and should be taken as the core service to the consumers. https://medium.com/@CarolForden/how-to-build-a-brand-community-using-social-media-e36532097a8b

Communication: One of the most important aspects of social community building is to communicate. No matter how huge your business or brand is, if you refuse to communicate, reply back on reviews, answer questions, you’re sure to lose your consumers. Communication is super essential as it adds a human touch. Studies show that around 57% of people will stay committed to your brand or business if there’s some form of human connection.

If you are a business, where being able to communicate with you is tough, not accessible most people will lose interest and move along. It’s very important to be reachable. It creates a connection that people don’t forget and that feeling makes them a committed member of your community. Always keep the mode of communication easy, accessible and reachable.

Get involved: It’s very important to get involved in the activities of the group to be truly a part of it. Whether it’s a facebook group, twitter, or LinkedIn, don’t just sell your product/service, connect with people on a personal level. Doing so makes the people interacting with you feel a sense of belonging and personal touch.

Use Instagram stories where you can conduct various polls, quizzes or just ask me questions. These formats are a great way to engage with your consumers and community members. This not only helps you understand the popular opinion but they understand you as well. It creates a connection and fosters a one-to-one relationship.

Giveaways: Giveaways are a great way to connect with your community and they are a way of saying thankyou for their constant support and involvement. It’s become more than easy to conduct giveaways on social media platforms that it was earlier. These contests boosts engagement but also excitement and brand awareness. Giveaways can be conducted on any social media platforms, always make sure your giveaway visuals are impactful and eye-catching, that’s what’s going to interest your consumers first hand.

HOW TO GROW AND ENGAGE SOCIAL MEDIA COMMUNITY

It’s very important to be creative and think out of the box if you want to grow and engage your social media community. Let’s take a loot at some smart ideas to stir the pot when it comes to boosting engagement.

High Quality Images: According to a study an image post gets 179% more interaction and engagement than any other format. That’s a pretty big number to avoid using high quality images to pass your message ahead. Always focus on the bigger picture, every picture and post tells a story and focus on that. There are endless creative ways to make your image look engaging. Use them to boost engagement of your social media community.

Share your experiences and success stories: Always make your community a part of your success. Share your experiences, success stories, and setbacks. It fosters personal connection and keeps them in loop for the activities. Make every story a shareable moment. Highlight these sections of your journey and make the most of it.

Share responses: Whether you’re conducting a quiz, question answer round or just polls, always share responses. This gives the community members a boost of confidence that you’re interested in their answers and share the outcome with the community. Always like and share content and give a shout out when necessary.

Emotional connect: Don’t always be looking to sell your product/service, Making personal and emotional connections is equally important. Engaging content doesn’t always have to be related to your business, it can be something as simple as a quote, a thought, some meme or video you liked. This gives them a moment to reflect and laugh. By doing so you’re creating an emotional connect with your social media community. Be transparent: As a business owner be transparent with your social media community. Show them all aspects of your business. Behind the scenes, the process, how you approach a situation, or anything that you recently went through and how you tackled the setback. This loops your social community and gives them a sneak peak into the life of your business. It creates a personal connection and ads value in their lives by learning through your experience.

Don’t shy away from asking help: Never shy shy away from asking for help or advice. It can be anything from reading a blog post, to deciding some content option, to helping in research study. It’s a great way in making the members and potential consumers feel like they are as much part of the organization.

Tag and Reviews: Always tag influencers, pages that you think you liked, not that someone used your reference. It’s a great way to interact with other businesses and people to add and engage to your social media community. Apart from tagging, always share reviews and testimonials. Lot’s people review testimonials before they buy a product or use a service or even join a club or community. Reviews are an extremely important part of your strategy to engage more people in your social media community. Honest reviews always hit the right nerve and forces the person to consider their options.

Use the right Hashtags: Relevant hashtags have been doing wonders for a while now. They not only increase engagement but drive people to your page while searching for something similar. It brings you a wider audience and more traction. Remember to research before you incorporate this strategy as it may not work equally on all social media platforms.

Make sure to always be well informed and one step ahead in your research. With hundreds of trends going on social media platforms it’s very important to be aware of them at the right time. Engaging to your community that’s trending also helps them look out for you in the future with hope to see some interesting creatives. Once you learn what works for you, it should be easy to navigate your way ahead in boosting your social media community.

Final Thought!

Social media community building is a great way to boost engagement, brand awareness and to promote your business. But more than just business, it’s a great way to build a community with similar core values, similar thoughts and beliefs. It’s about starting a conversation, sharing a purpose and a mission and working towards it.

More than just creating a social media community for your business it’s about creating a community where you can share your experiences, ask for advice and create a sense of belonging and a personal connection. Social Media Communities have grown tenfold and have become a core point creating personal connections with people from all ages, ethnicities, all parts of the world with similar thoughts and values.

Always strive to create a community, because that’s what will stay and motivate you to do better and move along.

#marketing #social media #influencers #advertising #digital marketing #copywriting #marketingagency #social media marketing #content marketing #blogging

[elonasblog]

Culture And Economy Of Greece

Recognizable proof. Greece, the English name for the Hellenic Republic, gets from an old Latin word for that area. "Hellenic" gets from the word antiquated Greeks used to allude themselves, while "Romeic" comes from the archaic or Byzantine Greek term. Despite the fact that Romeic was the most well-known self-assignment from the get-go in the nineteenth 100 years, it has declined for Hellenic since that time.

The words "Greek," "Hellenic," and "Romeic" allude not exclusively to the nation yet in addition to the greater part ethnic gathering. Greek culture and character mirror the common history and normal assumptions for all individuals from the country state, however they additionally mirror an ethnic history and culture that originate before the country state and reach out to Greek individuals outside the nation's lines. Since 98% of the country's residents are ethnically Greek, ethnic Greek culture has become practically inseparable from that of the country state. Nonetheless, late movement examples might prompt a resurgence of other ethnic gatherings in the populace.

Culture And Economy Of Greece, The Hellenic Republic is in southeastern Europe where the Balkan promontory sticks into the Mediterranean Ocean and structures a land-based association with Anatolia and the Center East. At first limited toward the southern central area and a couple of islands, Greece developed with the expansion of the Dodecanese Islands in 1948. The nation is lined by Albania, the previous Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria, Turkey, and the Aegean, Ionian, and Cretan oceans.

Greece incorporates 50,935 square miles (131,957 square kilometers). The territory is 80% uneven, with its most elevated point, at Mount Olympus. Just 25% of the land surface is arable, and another 40% fills in as field. There are in excess of 2,000 islands, 170 of which are possessed, and a long shoreline.

The environment is prevalently Mediterranean. Warm, dry summers substitute with chilly, blustery winters.

There are nine perceived districts: Thrace, Macedonia, Epirus, Thessaly, Focal Greece, the Peloponnesos, the Ionian Islands, the Aegean Islands, and Crete. Albeit these districts in some cases worked as discrete substances previously, they have been coordinated into the state and their social qualifications are reducing.

Demography. The populace rose from somewhat north of 750,000 out of 1836 to 10,264,156 of every 1991, mirroring the development of public limits and the arrival of ethnic Greeks from the eastern Mediterranean. A considerably more prominent increment was forestalled by displacement and a declining rate of birth.

In the ninteenth and mid 20th hundreds of years, Turks, Bulgarians, and other people who were not ethnically Greek left the country in a constant flow that was formalized by the deals that finished The Second Great War. There has likewise been a proceeding with resettlement of ethnic Greeks looking for work and opportunity abroad since the mid-nineteenth hundred years. This migration was at first focused on the eastern Mediterranean yet was diverted toward the US, Canada, and Australia by the late nineteenth 100 years. The modern countries of Western Europe joined the rundown of objections during the 1960s.

Rates of birth have declined since the mid 20th hundred years. The extent of old individuals is the most noteworthy in Europe at more than 20%, and the general pace of regular increment is among the least.

Greece Albanians, Armenians, Bulgarians, Slavic Macedonians, Pomaks (Bulgarian Muslims), Turks, Jews, Roma (Vagabonds), Vlachs, Sarakatsanoi, and a few different gatherings have for quite some time been important for the country's social mosaic, despite the fact that their numbers have diminished. The 1990s saw an unforeseen inundation of settlers as displaced people and work transients entered from Eastern Europe, the Center East, North Africa, and the Philippines. These novices, particularly the Albanians, assessed at between one-half million and 1,000,000, have put minority issues at the very front of public conversation.

Phonetic Association. Greek is the authority language and is spoken by essentially every one of the residents. An Indo-European language has been utilized around here since the second millenium B.C.E. , despite the fact that it has gone through significant change. A significant division exists between the conventional communicated in language known as demotic and a proper rendition known as katharevousa, which was created in the eighteenth 100 years to restore components of old Greek and foster a public language that inclined toward no provincial lingo. Katharevousa spread rapidly among political pioneers and the intellectuals. Essayists at first embraced it, albeit generally turned around to demotic Greek by the 20th hundred years. Katharevousa was utilized for most state reports, in numerous papers, and in auxiliary school guidance until the 1970s however has been uprooted by demotic Greek since that time.

Community gatherings are led in koine, a later type of old Greek in which the New Confirmation is composed. There are likewise local vernaculars, of which Pontic Greek might be the most unmistakable.

Most minority bunches are bilingual; Arvanitika (an Albanian tongue), Ladino (a Jewish vernacular), Turkish, Slavic Macedonian, Vlach (a Romanian lingo), Romani (a Wanderer language), Bulgarian, and Pomak are as yet spoken. A large portion of the populace likewise knows about other European dialects, generally regularly English and French.

[apeironmrc]

BUSINESS GROWTH STRATEGY CONSULTING

The structural evolution induced by new technology, dynamic demands of the customer, and sector integration, entities are pursuing aggressive business growth strategy consulting. Creating an effective growth plan helps to align both immediate and long-term firm goals, offering a road map to more efficient operations and revenues.

The application of advanced data analytics to get a deeper understanding of end-user procurement patterns and emerging product preferences along with increased mobility across functions, would assist businesses in discovering and sharing ideas regarding untapped growth prospects.

What Is An Expansion Consultant?

Business expansion consultants aids in effectively expanding your business beyond the demography. They create a framework of the appropriate structures that need to be adopted within your expansion, streamlining operations to improve, grow, and maintain various aspects of the business.

What Does A Strategy Consultant Do?

Strategy consultant provides an expert perspective on challenges outside the business purview and an in-depth analysis of their client’s business objectives. They are not restricted by a personal interest in the firm and are unbiased in providing actionable information to address specific business concerns.

Strategy consultant aims in determining whether the existing behaviours are in line with the business objectives. Each strategy consulting project comes with unique challenges, opportunities for an individual, and an organization’s growth. Based on their analysis, they provide strategic recommendations for the organization‘s implementation for yielding desirable results.

What Is A Marketing Expansion Strategy?

A marketing strategy is sustained process. For a successful marketing expansion strategy, marketing efforts are the most integral part, as they aid their customers with the product or service offerings. It efficiently increases the brand’s influence and reputation with the help of media platforms and social networks. Internet marketing is an easy-to-use vital strategy that could literally scale up almost any business. Devising a marketing expansion strategy aids in proliferating business growth.

What Skills Should A Strategy Consultant Have?

Strategy consultants should possess phenomenal skills that are versatile to identify key metrics and business objectives effectively. The required skills are not bounded but those vital skills are:

> Communication skills

> Analytical skills

> Organizational skills

> People skills

What Is A Market Expansion Strategy?

Market expansion strategy is the process of identifying and establishing the range of their products and services in new or existing markets thereby surging prospective customers. Market expansion strategy’s key aspect is to use significant data about prevailing business performance to determine whether market expansion is the right direction for your business.

Market expansion strategy consultant aids in expanding your business to meet new markets helps you identify opportunities, clearly define objectives and allocate appropriate resources. Oftentimes, a company will enter an entirely new geographic area to find a new market.

What Are The 4 Marketing Expansion Grid?

There are many growth models that can be tailored to map the business. The Ansoff Matrix, the BCG Growth-Share Matrix, or Hambrick and Fredrickson’s Strategy Diamond are all well documented, discussed and used by organizations around the world. One such model that aids leaders and entrepreneurs to decide on future growth plans and strategize operations is Ansoff Matrix. It was developed to analyze and guide business decisions while creating a new growth strategy.

Ansoff Matrix model offers four strategies that support a company’s growth and expansion while analyzing it’s associated risks. The four strategies marketing expansion strategies are:

> Market Penetration

> Product Development

> Market Development

> Diversification

What Are The Different Types Of Expansion Strategy?

An expansion strategy is adopted by an entity when it seeks to achieve rapid growth as opposed to its previous achievements. The reasons for expansion may vary based on the business demands. These include survival, social benefits, economic prudence, stature and proliferated market shares.

> The are different types of expansion strategies and they are:

> Concentration

> Diversification

> Integration

> Cooperation

> Internationalization

How Do You Implement An Expansion Strategy?

Market expansion starts with research. An analysis of existing markets can serve as a benchmark. This would bring insights into how the business surged in the existing market. The results from analyzing the existing and future markets, cost-benefit, risk-benefit, and growth forecasting should simulate possible outcomes early on before the commencement of a business. This is essential because a smart and solid strategy in place ahead will help reduce costs, mitigate risks, and tap into new business opportunities.

Implementation of business expansion it needs to be more specific in enabling a strategy and tactics around it. This includes purchasing new assets, opening new units, adding personnel, increasing advertising, adding franchises, entering new markets, providing new products or services, etc. It usually involves in determining:

> Primary Market Focus

> Target Customer

> Channel Strategy

> Resource Allocation

> Product Offerings

> Brand Positioning

> Gearing Up Operations

How Do You Develop A Targeted Market Expansion Strategy?

The demands of the markets are divergent and depend on the strategic model therefore the business needs to be aligned with the operations according to the intended goals. A target market strategy is a business plan focused on increasing sales and brand awareness within a specific consumer group. By focusing on specific market segments, businesses can plan professional marketing campaigns, provide detailed sales forecasts, and increase product sales and profits by expansion.

Businesses may choose a target market based on the location of customers. Businesses often define a market by traits like age, marital status, educational experience or employment type. Sometimes a business might separate consumers based on their buying habits. Few of the strategies for developing targeted market expansion are:

> Basic demographics

> Geographic location

> Purchasing behaviour

> Values and beliefs

How To Create A Market Expansion Strategy?

Market expansion is a growth strategy that aims to make a product or service available in new markets when existing ones get saturated. Companies hoping to increase revenue can do so in a variety of ways such as by increasing their advertising budget, expanding sales & investing heavily in product development.

Thorough and accurate market research analysis allows us to understand market trends and, more importantly, our customers. Market research and analysis are designed to aid in customizing the products and services to meet business demands. The 4 key factors involved in creating a market expansion strategies are:

> Market Penetration

> Product Development

> Market Development

> Diversification

Market Penetration

Market penetration involves in offering the current product or service to the existing markets on a wider scale.

Product Development

Product development involves in adapting or adding new products or services to reach wider markets or customer segments.

Market Development

Market development involves in launching of an existing product or service to a new demographic or market, at home or abroad.

Diversification

Diversification involve in launching of a brand-new product or service into a new market other than the business-as-usual service or product. This strategy carries the most risk but has high growth potential in the business.

#BusinessConsultingservices #FeasibilityStudy #BusinessPlanBusiness Expansion #market research #market analysis #business strategies #Consumer Behaviour Analytics #feasibility study

[solidarishkeyt]

Imagine, once again, that you are a Southeast Asian counterpart to Jean-Baptiste Colbert. This time, however, your task is not to design an ideal state space of appropriation but, rather, the precise opposite. How would you go about designing a topography, a subsistence strategy, and a social structure that was as resistant to state formation and appropriation as possible?

Much of what you would design, I believe, would be an inversion of how the padi state was sculpted. In place of a flat, relatively frictionless alluvial plain, you would conjure up a rugged landscape where the “friction of terrain” was forbiddingly high. In place of concentrated grain crops that ripen simultaneously, you would prefer shifting, diverse, dispersed, root crops of uneven maturation. In place of permanent settlement and fixed political authority, you would devise a scattered, mobile pattern of residence and a fluid, acephalous social structure capable of easy fissioning and recombination.

In broad strokes, this is what one finds throughout much of Zomia, a pattern of settlement, agriculture, and social structure that is “state repelling.” That is to say, it represents an agro-ecological setting singularly unfavorable to manpower- and grain-amassing strategies of states. The pattern is state repelling in two distinct ways. The first and most obvious is that an existing state will hesitate to incorporate such areas, inasmuch as the return, in manpower and grain, is likely to be less than the administrative and military costs of appropriating it. Tributary status might be plausible, but not direct rule. The second state-repelling feature of this social landscape is that it makes the rise of an indigenous state in this space exceedingly unlikely. The critical mass of concentrated manpower, wealth, and grain on which a state must rest is essentially lacking. Furthermore, demography and agronomy unfavorable to state appropriation are, it turns out, proof against other forms of appropriation as well: in particular, raiding. Slave-raiding expeditions, marauding armies, bandits, starving would-be pillagers of foodstuffs will, like states, find “state spaces” more lucrative for raiding than the slim pickings in sparse, mobile, root crop-growing societies with no permanent structure of authority. Such hill societies are, in this sense, not simply state repelling but appropriation resistant in general.

I have used the device of a Colbertian strategist and the idea of “design” quite deliberately. Much of the history and ethnography of the hill peoples in mainland Southeast Asia tends, implicitly or explicitly, to naturalize their location, their settlement pattern, their agriculture, and their social structure, to treat these as givens, dictated, as it were, by traditional and ecological constraints. Without gainsaying the existence of some constraints, I wish to emphasize the element of historical and strategic choice. What is striking, on any long historical view, is the great flux and variety in patterns of hill and valley residence, in social structure, in forms of agriculture, and in ethnic identity. Patterns that may appear static, even timeless, at first sight, display a remarkable plasticity if one steps back and widens the historical lens to a span of a few generations, let alone a few hundred years or a millennium. The evidence, I think, requires that we interpret hill societies—their location, their residence pattern, their agricultural techniques, their kinship practices, and their political organization—largely as social and historical choices designed to position themselves vis-à-vis the valley states and the other hill peoples among whom they live.

James C. Scott, The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009), 178–79.

[seotoday00]

Multidisciplinary collaborative research to understand the Thai digital citizens

This research was funded by NRCT under the Integrated Strategic Plan for Social Goals “Thais 4.0”, in collaboration with faculty members from various fields such as Political Science, Architecture, Demography, etc., from several institutions including Chulalongkorn University, Kasetsart University, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Ramkhamhaeng University, and Nakhon Phanom University.

For over 7 months, the research team conducted qualitative research gathering data from the 910 Thai digital citizens aged between 13 and 38 in 3 areas: 1) Bangkok (inner, middle, and outer districts), which represents the capital; 2) Chiang Mai as a major city, and 3) Nakhon Phanom as the secondary city. Moreover, parents, teachers, professors, and employers relating to digital citizens were interviewed for various angles of information and opinions. international program in thailand

“The Thai digital citizens in this study belong to Gen Y, and Gen Z and are classified into five groups: middle school students, high school students, college students, people entering the workforce, and people in mid-career. This group, especially Gen Z, aged between 7 and 25, was born and raised with technology, and have spent most of their school and work lives on the computer and smartphones, is a large population that is critical to driving Thailand in the digital world.” 

The main goal of the research is to perceive the identity of Thai digital citizens, the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed in learning and working, as well as their perspective on the future, their fears, hopes, and dreams. A variety of research techniques were used including survey interview questionnaires, free-listing, pictorial ethnography, semi-structured interviews, in-depth interviews, as well as online text extraction from and analysis of Twitter.

“These issues are crucial to reaching and understanding the next generation who are affected by technological development and their self-defined identity. The findings, in turn, can be a mirror reflecting what this generation perceives as the knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed to live their lives now and in the future. This way, adults, people from different generations, and the policymakers can develop an understanding that will significantly benefit the maintenance, development, and promotion of their lifestyle, be it their education or work life.”