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continuumss · 1 year

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Bound states in the continuum

Bound The Continuum states in the continuum (BICs) are waves that stay restricted despite the fact that they exist together with a consistent range of emanating waves that can divert energy. Their very presence opposes the customary way of thinking. In spite of the fact that BICs were first proposed in quantum mechanics, they are a general wave peculiarity and have since been recognized in electromagnetic waves, acoustic waves in air, water waves and versatile waves in solids. These states have been concentrated on in a great many material frameworks, for example, piezoelectric materials, dielectric photonic gems, optical waveguides and filaments, quantum specks, graphene and topological separators. In this Survey, we portray late improvements in this field with an accentuation on the actual systems that lead to BICs across apparently altogether different materials and sorts of waves. We additionally examine test acknowledge, existing applications and bearings for future work.

Photons with turn rakish energy have natural chirality, which supports numerous peculiarities including nonlinear optics1, quantum optics2, topological photonics3 and chiroptics4. Characteristic chirality is feeble in regular materials, and ongoing hypothetical proposals5,6,7 planned to expand round dichroism by full metasurfaces supporting bound states in the continuum that improve considerably chiral light-matter cooperations. Those adroit works resort to three-layered refined calculations, which are too difficult to be in any way acknowledged for optical frequencies8. In this way, the majority of the trial attempts9,10,11 showing solid round dichroism depend on bogus/extraneous chirality by utilizing either slanted incidence9,10 or primary anisotropy11. Here we report on the trial acknowledgment of valid/characteristic chiral reaction with thunderous metasurfaces in which the designed inclination math breaks both in-plane and out-of-plane balances. Our outcome marks, as far as anyone is concerned, the main perception of natural chiral bound states in the continuum with close solidarity round dichroism of 0.93 and a top notch factor surpassing 2,663 for noticeable frequencies. Our chiral metasurfaces may prompt a plenty of utilizations in chiral light sources and finders, chiral detecting, valleytronics and deviated photocatalysis.

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pdfelite-store · 9 hours

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[PDF] Photocatalysis J. Augusty?ski, B. D. Alexander, R. Solarska (auth.), Carlo Alberto Bignozzi (eds.) Content: Metal Oxide Photoanodes for Wat... https://pdfelite.com/product/pdf-photocatalysis-j-augustyski-b-d-alexander-r-solarska-auth-carlo-alberto-bignozzi-eds/?feed_id=4029&_unique_id=662d87e1a3500

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shriracha · 2 days

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My proposed set up was declined by prof because it was based on dye-less photocatalysis. Honestly, I don't understand why can't we just try it with dye. Since this set up might work dye-less, it might work even better with dyes, innit?

Prof sent me several papers to look at, but we don't have chemicals mentioned and their catalysts are quite different. We have ternary sulfides which are often used for dye.less photocatalysis, but in articles they used weyl semimetals (idk if our sulfides are weyl semimetals but unlikely) or blablaTiO2blabla based.

I see that there could be a problem that dye might not be contributing anything to our catalyst in my setup. And analyzing twice, dye less and with dye might be wasteful. But I still do think it's better to do a set up that's more similar to nature of our catalyst.

#phd life

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y2fear · 27 days

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Will Photocatalysis Move the Needle on Chemical Carbon Emissions?

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paolo-redaelli · 27 days

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CO2 into Methanol

Researchers Develop New Material That Converts CO2 into Methanol Using Sunlight Posted by EditorDavid on Saturday March 30, 2024 @01:34PM from the fun-with-photocatalysis dept. “Researchers have successfully transformed CO2 into methanol,” reports SciTechDaily, “by shining sunlight on single atoms of copper deposited on a light-activated material, a discovery that paves the way for creating new…

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swissforextrading · 1 month

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Deciphering a dance of electrons and water molecules

27.03.24 - A research project at EPFL succeeded in decoding the complex dance of electrons in water, a major step in understanding a critical process of many chemical phenomena, and that might be the first step to improving energy conversion technologies. Water, the cradle of life on Earth, is not just a passive backdrop but actively participates in the chemical ballet of life. Central to this dance is the behavior of electrons, particularly during a process known as charge transfer to solvent (CTTS). CTTS is like a microscopic dance where an electron from something dissolved in water, like salt, leaps out and joins the water itself. The process creates a now “hydrated” electron, which is a key element of many aqueous reactions, like the ones underlying life itself. Consequently, CTTS is essential for understanding how electrons move in solutions. In a new EPFL study, researchers Jinggang Lan, Majed Chergui, and Alfredo Pasquarello have studied the intricate interactions between electrons and their solvent environments. The work was conceived and primarily carried out at EPFL, with finalizing contributions from Jinggang Lan upon him taking on a postdoctoral fellowship in the Simons Center for Computational Physical Chemistry at New York University. Looking at the CTTS process, the researchers meticulously visualized the dynamic interplay between the escaping electron and the polarizing water molecules surrounding it, marking a significant leap in our comprehension of such complex interactions. The team used iodide dissolved in water (“aqueous iodide”), because it makes it easier to understand how electrons move to the surrounding water. Iodide, like table salt, doesn't have complex internal movements, which makes it simpler to study. This allowed the scientists to observe how iodide can swiftly release an electron into the surrounding water, a process influenced by the arrangement of water molecules around the iodide. To study the CTTS process, the researchers used ab initio molecular dynamics, a sophisticated technique that simulates the behavior of molecules in a computer by calculating atomic interactions and movements from fundamental physical principles using quantum mechanics. “Ab initio” means “from the beginning” in Latin, indicating that this method starts from fundamental physical principles, allowing scientists to accurately predict how molecules and materials evolve over time without relying on empirical data for the interactions between particles. Combining the ab initio approach with sophisticated machine learning techniques, the scientists were able to visualize and analyze the CTTS process in unprecedented detail, tracking the journey of an electron from being attached to an iodide ion to becoming solvated – being surrounded and stabilized by water molecules. The study revealed that CTTS involves a series of distinct states, each characterized by the distance between the electron and the iodine nucleus: from being closely associated with the iodine atom (contact-pair state), to separating into the solvent (solvent-separated state), and finally becoming fully solvated as a hydrated electron. “The advance mostly rests at the fundamental level,” says Alfredo Pasquarello. “The described mechanism involves a subtle interplay between electronic excitation and ionic polarization effects, which produce a sequence of configurations as revealed by our simulations.” CTTS dynamics illustrating the electron density (blue) and the hole density of aqueous iodine (yellow). Credit: Jinggang Lan/EPFL But shedding light on CTTS could also have implications into a wide range of applications involving charge and energy transfer reactions. Understanding how electrons interact with their environment at such a fundamental level could be key to developing more efficient solar energy conversion systems, improving photocatalysis techniques, and even advancing our knowledge of material science and… http://actu.epfl.ch/news/deciphering-a-dance-of-electrons-and-water-molecul (Source of the original content)

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materialsscienceandengineering · 9 months

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Clean energy plans, including the U.S. Infrastructure Investment Act's "Clean Hydrogen Road Map," are counting on hydrogen as a fuel of the future. But current hydrogen separation technology is still falling short of efficiency and sustainability goals. As part of ongoing efforts to develop materials that could enable alternative energy sources, researchers in Drexel University's College of Engineering have produced a titanium oxide nanofilament material that can harness sunlight to unlock the ubiquitous molecule's potential as a fuel source. The discovery offers an alternative to current methods that generate greenhouse gas and require a great deal of energy. Photocatalysis, a process that can split hydrogen from water using only sunlight, has been explored for several decades, but has remained a more distant consideration because the catalyst materials enabling the process can only survive it for a day or two, which limits its long-term efficiency and, as a result, its commercial viability. Drexel's group, led by College of Engineering researchers Michel Barsoum, PhD, and Hussein O. Badr, PhD, in collaboration with scientists from the National Institute of Materials Physics in Bucharest, Romania, recently reported its discovery of photocatalytic titanium oxide-based, one-dimensional nanofilament material that can help sunlight glean hydrogen from water for months at a time. Their article "Photo-stable, 1D-nanofilaments TiO2-based lepidocrocite for photocatalytic hydrogen production in water-methanol mixtures," published in the journal Matter, presents a sustainable and affordable path for creating hydrogen fuel, according to the authors.

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proshineprofessionalcleaning · 2 months

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The post What Are the Benefits of Commercial Air Filtration? appeared first on Pro Shine LLC.

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jcmarchi · 2 months

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Aluminum Nanoparticles Make Tunable Green Catalysts - Technology Org

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/aluminum-nanoparticles-make-tunable-green-catalysts-technology-org/

Aluminum Nanoparticles Make Tunable Green Catalysts - Technology Org

Catalysts unlock pathways for chemical reactions to unfold faster and more efficiently, and the development of new catalytic technologies is a critical part of the green energy transition.

The top half of the image shows a schematic illustration of an aluminum oxide nanoparticle (left), a microscope image of the oxide layer coating the surface of the nanoparticle (middle) and a representation of the different units in the alumina layer composition (right). The bottom half illustrates the effect of annealing on the oxide structure, which changes the thickness and arrangement of the atoms, resulting in modified optical and surface chemical properties of the aluminum nanoparticles. Image credit: Aaron Bayles/Rice University

The Rice University lab of nanotechnology pioneer Naomi Halas has uncovered a transformative approach to harnessing the catalytic power of aluminum nanoparticles by annealing them in various gas atmospheres at high temperatures.

According to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Rice researchers and collaborators showed that changing the structure of the oxide layer that coats the particles modifies their catalytic properties, making them a versatile tool that can be tailored to suit the needs of different contexts of use from the production of sustainable fuels to water-based reactions.

“Aluminum is an earth-abundant metal used in many structural and technological applications,” said Aaron Bayles, a Rice doctoral alum and lead author of the paper. All aluminium is coated with a surface oxide, and until now, we did not know the structure of this native oxide layer on the nanoparticles. This limiting factor prevents the widespread application of aluminum nanoparticles.

Aluminum nanoparticles absorb and scatter light with remarkable efficiency due to surface plasmon resonance, which describes the collective oscillation of electrons on the metal surface in response to light of specific wavelengths. Like other plasmonic nanoparticles, the aluminum nanocrystal core can function as a nanoscale optical antenna, making it a promising catalyst for light-based reactions.

“Almost every chemical, every plastic that we use on a day-to-day basis, came from a catalytic process, and many of these catalytic processes rely on precious metals like platinum, rhodium, ruthenium and others,” Bayles said.

“Our ultimate goal is to revolutionize catalysis, making it more accessible, efficient and environmentally friendly,” said Halas, who is a University Professor, Rice’s highest academic rank. “By harnessing the potential of plasmonic photocatalysis, we’re paving the way for a brighter, more sustainable future.”

The Halas group has been developing aluminum nanoparticles for plasmonic photocatalysis reactions such as decomposition of dangerous chemical warfare agents and efficient production of commodity chemicals. The newly uncovered ability to modify the surface oxides on aluminum nanoparticles further increases their versatility for use as catalysts to efficiently convert light into chemical energy.

“If you’re doing a catalytic reaction, the molecules of the substance you’re looking to transform will interact with the aluminum oxide layer rather than with the aluminum metal core, but that metallic nanocrystal core is uniquely able to absorb light very efficiently and convert it into energy, while the oxide layer fulfills the role of a reactor, transferring that energy to reactant molecules,” Bayles said.

The properties of the nanoparticles’ oxide coating determine how they interact with other molecules or materials. The study elucidates the structure of this native oxide layer on aluminum nanoparticles and shows that simple thermal treatments ⎯ i.e. heating the particles to temperatures of up to 500 degrees Celsius (932 Fahrenheit) in different gasses ⎯ can change its structure.

“The crystalline phase, intraparticle strain and defect density can all be modified by this straightforward approach,” Bayles said. “Initially, I was convinced that the thermal treatments did nothing, but the results surprised me.”

One of the effects of the thermal treatments was to make the aluminum nanoparticles better at facilitating the conversion of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and water.

“Changing the alumina layer in this manner affects its catalytic properties, particularly for light-driven carbon dioxide reduction, which means the nanoparticles could be useful for producing sustainable fuels,” said Bayles, who is now a postdoctoral researcher at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Bayles added that the ability “to use abundant aluminum in place of precious metals could be hugely impactful to combat climate change and opens the way for other materials to be similarly enhanced.”

“It was relatively easy to do these treatments and get big changes in catalytic behavior, which is surprising because aluminum oxide is famously not reactive ⎯ it is very stable,” Bayles said. “So for something that is a little bit more reactive ⎯ like titanium oxide or copper oxide ⎯ you might see even bigger effects.”

Source: Rice University

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orgrevolution · 3 months

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Beyond Filtration: Advanced Technologies Transforming Industrial Wastewater Treatment

Industrial wastewater treatment is evolving rapidly, driven by advancements in technology that go beyond traditional filtration methods. These innovative technologies offer more efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable solutions for addressing the complex challenges of industrial wastewater. In this exploration, we delve into the realm of advanced technologies transforming industrial wastewater treatment, paving the way for a cleaner and more sustainable future.

Understanding the Need for Advancement:

Industrial activities produce a wide range of pollutants that cannot be effectively addressed through conventional filtration alone. To meet stringent regulatory requirements and achieve higher levels of pollutant removal, industries are turning to advanced technologies that offer superior performance and versatility.

Exploring Advanced Treatment Technologies:

1. Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs):

MBRs integrate membrane filtration with biological treatment processes, offering enhanced removal of suspended solids, organic compounds, and pathogens from wastewater. By combining physical separation with biological degradation, MBRs achieve higher treatment efficiencies and produce higher-quality effluent compared to conventional treatment methods.

2. Electrocoagulation and Electrooxidation:

Electrocoagulation and electrooxidation technologies utilize electrochemical processes to remove contaminants from wastewater. Electrocoagulation destabilizes suspended particles and emulsions, facilitating their removal through coagulation and precipitation. Electrooxidation, on the other hand, generates powerful oxidants that break down organic pollutants into simpler, less harmful compounds.

3. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs):

AOPs harness the power of highly reactive oxygen species to degrade recalcitrant organic pollutants in wastewater. Techniques such as ozone treatment, UV irradiation, and photocatalysis generate oxidizing agents that target and break down complex chemical compounds, resulting in more thorough pollutant removal and improved water quality.

4. Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR):

BNR processes utilize specialized microorganisms to remove nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. By promoting biological reactions that convert nitrogen and phosphorus compounds into harmless gases or solids, BNR technologies help prevent eutrophication and other adverse environmental impacts associated with nutrient pollution.

Advantages of Advanced Technologies:

Higher Treatment Efficiency: Advanced technologies offer superior pollutant removal efficiencies compared to traditional filtration methods, ensuring compliance with stringent regulatory standards.

Reduced Footprint and Energy Consumption: Many advanced treatment technologies are more compact and energy-efficient than conventional treatment systems, resulting in lower operational costs and environmental impact.

Versatility and Adaptability: Advanced technologies can be tailored to address specific wastewater characteristics and pollutant profiles, providing greater flexibility and scalability for diverse industrial applications.

Conclusion:

The adoption of advanced technologies is transforming the landscape of industrial wastewater treatment, offering more effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly solutions. By embracing membrane bioreactors, electrochemical processes, advanced oxidation processes, and biological nutrient removal technologies, industries can achieve higher treatment efficiencies, reduce environmental impact, and meet regulatory requirements with greater ease. As innovation continues to drive progress in wastewater treatment, the future holds promising opportunities for cleaner and more sustainable industrial practices.

#Industrial Wastewater Treatment

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