#garrett hardin

[anarchistin]

You've probably heard of the "Tragedy of the Commons," which claims to be a "realist" account of what happens when people try to share something – a park, a beach, a forest – without anyone owning it. According to the "tragedy," these commons are inevitably ruined by "rational" actors who know that if they don't overgraze, pollute or despoil, someone else will, so they might as well get there first.

The Tragedy of the Commons feels right, and we've all experienced some version of it – the messy kitchen at your office or student house-share, the litter in the park, etc. But the paper that brought us the idea of the Tragedy of the Commons, published in 1968 by Garrett Hardin in Science, was a hoax.

Hardin didn't just claim that some commons turned tragic – he claimed that the tragedy was inevitable, and, moreover, that every commons had experienced a tragedy. But Hardin made it all up. It wasn't true. What's more, Hardin – an ardent white nationalist – used his "realist's" account of the commons to justify colonization and genocide.

#commons #capitalism #peter thiel #garrett hardin #racism #elinor ostrom #economics

[probablyasocialecologist]

As a dedicated activist, Hardin was a lifelong eugenicist, assuming duties in the American Eugenics Society as late as the 1970s. His belief in the need for the State to cultivate only the best through selective breeding extended to white nationalist beliefs, and his opposition to immigration is evidenced by his leadership in the Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) until his death. Hardin was a prolific writer over the course of his career, and as the Southern Poverty Law Center argues, many of those writings “were frank in their racism and quasi-fascist ethnonationalism. Nevertheless, whenever Hardin’s views are presented to the public, the white nationalism that unified his thought is invariably glossed over. In general, the only places to find open discussions of the entirety of Hardin’s thought are on white supremacist websites, where he is celebrated as a hero.” His preferred solutions to the dilemma of the commons provide a theoretical framework and apparent scientific basis for ecofascism, creating a window of opportunity for the far right.

#tragedy of the commons #Garrett Hardin #overpopulation #ecofascism

[smokeyloki]

If you see this, please say a prayer for the soul of Garrett Hardin. He wrote the address I've had to read for school about overpopulation and taking away people's "freedom to breed".

Turns out he was an avid supporter of Planned Parenthood and Margaret Sanger, was firmly against immigration, believed forced sterilization should be hoisted upon women even in America if they have more than two kids, and that large families should be heavily taxed.

He and his wife were members of a pro-eugenics group and died of apparent double-suicide in 2003.

Please, please pray for his soul and for the soul of his wife. God have mercy on them.

#Garrett Hardin #suicide #abortion #eugenics #anti immigration advocates #sterilization #forced sterilization #anti-family #Margaret Sanger #college #Tragedy of the Commons #prayer request #prayer

[tenth-sentence]

But not the conservative Garrett Hardin.

"Humankind: A Hopeful History" - Rutger Bregman

#book quote #humankind #rutger bregman #nonfiction #conservative #garrett hardin

[usunezukoinezu]

...(Garrett Hardin:) “You can never merely do one thing.” We operate in a world of multiple, overlapping connections, like a web, with many significant, yet obscure and unpredictable, relationships. ...if you don’t consider “the effects of the effects,” you can’t really claim to be doing any thinking at all.

Shane Parrish, Rhiannon Beaubien

#Shane Parrish Rhiannon Beaubien #Garrett Hardin

[gigijb1969]

Rockets 2024 and The Texas Rocket Trail Ended in Southeast Texas/Smith Point Saturday, May 11

Saturday marked the end of the Rockets 2024 Season with the second and final day of launches in Smith Point. The weather was cloudy, windy and a little cooler than Friday. We had rockets loaded on the rails for testing by 10:35 Saturday morning and we stayed steady until later in the day. At that point we had a lag as the last few were slow coming out of Stage 2. Luckily tests were done and…

View On WordPress

#Highschoolrockets #ItISRocketScience #Launcher01 #RideTheSkies #rocketscience #RocketSeason #STEMRockets #SystemsGoNews #SystemsGoNM #Anahuac High School #Booker T Washington High School #Brazosport High School #Brazoswood High School #Captain Garrett #Channelview High School #Chelsea Burow #creative writing #engineering #engineers #Facebook #fredericksburg #Fredericksburg High School #Gary High School #Ginger Burow #GingerBurow #Goddard Level #Hardin-Jefferson High School #Harleton High Scool #houston #Houston Rockets

[snugstones]

The fact that “tragedy of the commons” is still widely taught and discussed in introductory environmental science classes is… a choice.

#ignoring the fact that the guy who came up with it is blatantly incorrect (see ostrom’s work) #but the guy was not shy about being a massive racist and xenophobe #and of course the classes I took never mentioned that his ideas are wrong or that they were informed by his racism and xenophobia!! #why is it still taught?? #anyway fuck garrett hardin #the amount of racism/classism/etc. in environmental movements is awful #❀.txt #env

[briearesea]

Tragedy of the commons, my entire ass.

The only tragedy is that the commons are not compatible with capitalism

#saw a news report that refered to depleted fisheries as 'a real tragedy of the commons problem' and it pissed me off #garrett hardin go fuck yourself!

[mostlysignssomeportents]

AI is a WMD

I'm in TARTU, ESTONIA! AI, copyright and creative workers' labor rights (TOMORROW, May 10, 8AM: Science Fiction Research Association talk, Institute of Foreign Languages and Cultures building, Lossi 3, lobby). A talk for hackers on seizing the means of computation (TOMORROW, May 10, 3PM, University of Tartu Delta Centre, Narva 18, room 1037).

Fun fact: "The Tragedy Of the Commons" is a hoax created by the white nationalist Garrett Hardin to justify stealing land from colonized people and moving it from collective ownership, "rescuing" it from the inevitable tragedy by putting it in the hands of a private owner, who will care for it properly, thanks to "rational self-interest":

https://pluralistic.net/2023/05/04/analytical-democratic-theory/#epistocratic-delusions

Get that? If control over a key resource is diffused among the people who rely on it, then (Garrett claims) those people will all behave like selfish assholes, overusing and undermaintaining the commons. It's only when we let someone own that commons and charge rent for its use that (Hardin says) we will get sound management.

By that logic, Google should be the internet's most competent and reliable manager. After all, the company used its access to the capital markets to buy control over the internet, spending billions every year to make sure that you never try a search-engine other than its own, thus guaranteeing it a 90% market share:

https://pluralistic.net/2024/02/21/im-feeling-unlucky/#not-up-to-the-task

Google seems to think it's got the problem of deciding what we see on the internet licked. Otherwise, why would the company flush $80b down the toilet with a giant stock-buyback, and then do multiple waves of mass layoffs, from last year's 12,000 person bloodbath to this year's deep cuts to the company's "core teams"?

https://qz.com/google-is-laying-off-hundreds-as-it-moves-core-jobs-abr-1851449528

And yet, Google is overrun with scams and spam, which find their way to the very top of the first page of its search results:

https://pluralistic.net/2023/02/24/passive-income/#swiss-cheese-security

The entire internet is shaped by Google's decisions about what shows up on that first page of listings. When Google decided to prioritize shopping site results over informative discussions and other possible matches, the entire internet shifted its focus to producing affiliate-link-strewn "reviews" that would show up on Google's front door:

https://pluralistic.net/2024/04/24/naming-names/#prabhakar-raghavan

This was catnip to the kind of sociopath who a) owns a hedge-fund and b) hates journalists for being pain-in-the-ass, stick-in-the-mud sticklers for "truth" and "facts" and other impediments to the care and maintenance of a functional reality-distortion field. These dickheads started buying up beloved news sites and converting them to spam-farms, filled with garbage "reviews" and other Google-pleasing, affiliate-fee-generating nonsense.

(These news-sites were vulnerable to acquisition in large part thanks to Google, whose dominance of ad-tech lets it cream 51 cents off every ad dollar and whose mobile OS monopoly lets it steal 30 cents off every in-app subscriber dollar):

https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2023/04/saving-news-big-tech

Now, the spam on these sites didn't write itself. Much to the chagrin of the tech/finance bros who bought up Sports Illustrated and other venerable news sites, they still needed to pay actual human writers to produce plausible word-salads. This was a waste of money that could be better spent on reverse-engineering Google's ranking algorithm and getting pride-of-place on search results pages:

https://housefresh.com/david-vs-digital-goliaths/

That's where AI comes in. Spicy autocomplete absolutely can't replace journalists. The planet-destroying, next-word-guessing programs from Openai and its competitors are incorrigible liars that require so much "supervision" that they cost more than they save in a newsroom:

https://pluralistic.net/2024/04/29/what-part-of-no/#dont-you-understand

But while a chatbot can't produce truthful and informative articles, it can produce bullshit – at unimaginable scale. Chatbots are the workers that hedge-fund wreckers dream of: tireless, uncomplaining, compliant and obedient producers of nonsense on demand.

That's why the capital class is so insatiably horny for chatbots. Chatbots aren't going to write Hollywood movies, but studio bosses hyperventilated at the prospect of a "writer" that would accept your brilliant idea and diligently turned it into a movie. You prompt an LLM in exactly the same way a studio exec gives writers notes. The difference is that the LLM won't roll its eyes and make sarcastic remarks about your brainwaves like "ET, but starring a dog, with a love plot in the second act and a big car-chase at the end":

https://pluralistic.net/2023/10/01/how-the-writers-guild-sunk-ais-ship/

Similarly, chatbots are a dream come true for a hedge fundie who ends up running a beloved news site, only to have to fight with their own writers to get the profitable nonsense produced at a scale and velocity that will guarantee a high Google ranking and millions in "passive income" from affiliate links.

One of the premier profitable nonsense companies is Advon, which helped usher in an era in which sites from Forbes to Money to USA Today create semi-secret "review" sites that are stuffed full of badly researched top-ten lists for products from air purifiers to cat beds:

https://housefresh.com/how-google-decimated-housefresh/

Advon swears that it only uses living humans to produce nonsense, and not AI. This isn't just wildly implausible, it's also belied by easily uncovered evidence, like its own employees' Linkedin profiles, which boast of using AI to create "content":

https://housefresh.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Advon-AI-LinkedIn.jpg

It's not true. Advon uses AI to produce its nonsense, at scale. In an excellent, deeply reported piece for Futurism, Maggie Harrison Dupré brings proof that Advon replaced its miserable human nonsense-writers with tireless chatbots:

https://futurism.com/advon-ai-content

Dupré describes how Advon's ability to create botshit at scale contributed to the enshittification of clients from Yoga Journal to the LA Times, "Us Weekly" to the Miami Herald.

All of this is very timely, because this is the week that Google finally bestirred itself to commence downranking publishers who engage in "site reputation abuse" – creating these SEO-stuffed fake reviews with the help of third parties like Advon:

https://pluralistic.net/2024/05/03/keyword-swarming/#site-reputation-abuse

(Google's policy only forbids site reputation abuse with the help of third parties; if these publishers take their nonsense production in-house, Google may allow them to continue to dominate its search listings):

https://developers.google.com/search/blog/2024/03/core-update-spam-policies#site-reputation

There's a reason so many people believed Hardin's racist "Tragedy of the Commons" hoax. We have an intuitive understanding that commons are fragile. All it takes is one monster to start shitting in the well where the rest of us get our drinking water and we're all poisoned.

The financial markets love these monsters. Mark Zuckerberg's key insight was that he could make billions by assembling vast dossiers of compromising, sensitive personal information on half the world's population without their consent, but only if he kept his costs down by failing to safeguard that data and the systems for exploiting it. He's like a guy who figures out that if he accumulates enough oily rags, he can extract so much low-grade oil from them that he can grow rich, but only if he doesn't waste money on fire-suppression:

https://locusmag.com/2018/07/cory-doctorow-zucks-empire-of-oily-rags/

Now Zuckerberg and the wealthy, powerful monsters who seized control over our commons are getting a comeuppance. The weak countermeasures they created to maintain the minimum levels of quality to keep their platforms as viable, going concerns are being overwhelmed by AI. This was a totally foreseeable outcome: the history of the internet is a story of bad actors who upended the assumptions built into our security systems by automating their attacks, transforming an assault that wouldn't be economically viable into a global, high-speed crime wave:

https://pluralistic.net/2022/04/24/automation-is-magic/

But it is possible for a community to maintain a commons. This is something Hardin could have discovered by studying actual commons, instead of inventing imaginary histories in which commons turned tragic. As it happens, someone else did exactly that: Nobel Laureate Elinor Ostrom:

https://www.onthecommons.org/magazine/elinor-ostroms-8-principles-managing-commmons/

Ostrom described how commons can be wisely managed, over very long timescales, by communities that self-governed. Part of her work concerns how users of a commons must have the ability to exclude bad actors from their shared resources.

When that breaks down, commons can fail – because there's always someone who thinks it's fine to shit in the well rather than walk 100 yards to the outhouse.

Enshittification is the process by which control over the internet moved from self-governance by members of the commons to acts of wanton destruction committed by despicable, greedy assholes who shit in the well over and over again.

It's not just the spammers who take advantage of Google's lazy incompetence, either. Take "copyleft trolls," who post images using outdated Creative Commons licenses that allow them to terminate the CC license if a user makes minor errors in attributing the images they use:

https://pluralistic.net/2022/01/24/a-bug-in-early-creative-commons-licenses-has-enabled-a-new-breed-of-superpredator/

The first copyleft trolls were individuals, but these days, the racket is dominated by a company called Pixsy, which pretends to be a "rights protection" agency that helps photographers track down copyright infringers. In reality, the company is committed to helping copyleft trolls entrap innocent Creative Commons users into paying hundreds or even thousands of dollars to use images that are licensed for free use. Just as Advon upends the economics of spam and deception through automation, Pixsy has figured out how to send legal threats at scale, robolawyering demand letters that aren't signed by lawyers; the company refuses to say whether any lawyer ever reviews these threats:

https://pluralistic.net/2022/02/13/an-open-letter-to-pixsy-ceo-kain-jones-who-keeps-sending-me-legal-threats/

This is shitting in the well, at scale. It's an online WMD, designed to wipe out the commons. Creative Commons has allowed millions of creators to produce a commons with billions of works in it, and Pixsy exploits a minor error in the early versions of CC licenses to indiscriminately manufacture legal land-mines, wantonly blowing off innocent commons-users' legs and laughing all the way to the bank:

https://pluralistic.net/2023/04/02/commafuckers-versus-the-commons/

We can have an online commons, but only if it's run by and for its users. Google has shown us that any "benevolent dictator" who amasses power in the name of defending the open internet will eventually grow too big to care, and will allow our commons to be demolished by well-shitters:

https://pluralistic.net/2024/04/04/teach-me-how-to-shruggie/#kagi

If you'd like an essay-formatted version of this post to read or share, here's a link to it on pluralistic.net, my surveillance-free, ad-free, tracker-free blog:

https://pluralistic.net/2024/05/09/shitting-in-the-well/#advon

Image: Cryteria (modified) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HAL9000.svg

CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.en

--

Catherine Poh Huay Tan (modified) https://www.flickr.com/photos/68166820@N08/49729911222/

Laia Balagueró (modified) https://www.flickr.com/photos/lbalaguero/6551235503/

CC BY 2.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/

#pluralistic #pixsy #wmds #automation #ai #botshit #force multipliers #weapons of mass destruction #commons #shitting in the drinking water #ostrom #elinor ostrom #sports illustrated #slop #advon #google #monopoly #site reputation abuse #enshittification #Maggie Harrison Dupré #futurism

[azspot]

Fun fact: "The Tragedy Of the Commons" is a hoax created by the white nationalist Garrett Hardin to justify stealing land from colonized people and moving it from collective ownership, "rescuing" it from the inevitable tragedy by putting it in the hands of a private owner, who will care for it properly, thanks to "rational self-interest"…

Cory Doctorow

[theotherwesley]

Actually, fuck this shit (the "Tragedy of the Commons") right where it came from (noted eugenics supporter and human rights critic, Garrett Hardin, an economist and microbiologist who was using models of unrestricted capitalist growth and bacteria to make sweeping generalizations about human nature and its supposed inability to manage resources sustainably, therefore necessitating draconian policies of control and privatization of all resources).

This explains so much about the liberal environmentalism-to-overpopulation-panic-to-eugenics pipeline...

Like, yes: unrestricted growth within finite system bad. Good job! Now where is this taking us? Uh oh! Uh oh! Uh oh! Is it eugenics again? Uh oh! Oh no! Looks like the fundamentally flawed and cynical assumptions behind this rationale have led us to some profoundly unscientific and misguided conclusions! Maybe we should examine how easily these ideas can be extrapolated into green-washed fascism! Perhaps we should consult some anthropological and sociological evidence to inform our theories, before we enact policy based on knee-jerk reactions to fear! PERHAPS WE SHOULD BE DEMANDING ECONOMISTS BE HELD ACCOUNTABLE TO AN ETHICS COMMITTEE.

these are my thoughts. i swear2g don't fuckin break containment i don't know shit about shit.

*reading the many refutations and failures of Hardin's theories is a mitzvah

#lifeblogging #things to print out and share at the Seder #don't mind me i'm just. researching my little projects and reading my little sources and grinding my little teeth. #complexity is good actually #reject panaceas and seductive oversimplifications

[duggardata]

Oh damn I'm also due Jan 1, I don't want my kid to share a birthday with a Duggar. How many days are left in the calendar that are not yet Duggar birthdays or anniversaries?

Info, Please!: How Many Calendar Days Don't Have A Duggar / Bates Birthday or Anniversary?

I'm pretty sure I've done a Post on this before, but not for a very long time! Anon, I know you only asked about the Duggars, but I'm going to include the Bateses too, since I know I'll get follow–up Asks!

There are quite a few "free" days, without a Duggar / Bates Birthday or Anniversary. (More than I would've expected!) Here is the full list of "Free" Days, as of November 17, 2022—

January 2—6, 8—11, 13—17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30

February 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11—15, 18, 20—22, 24, 25, 28, 29

March 1, 2, 4—7, 10—24, 29, 31

April 1, 2, 4, 5, 7—9, 12—15, 17, 19, 20, 23—27, 29, 30

May 1, 3—11, 13, 15, 16, 20—22, 27—31

June 1, 3—6, 9—13, 16—19, 22, 25—29

July 1—3, 5, 6, 9—15, 17, 20, 22—26, 28, 30, 31

August 1, 3, 5, 7—10, 12—14, 16—20, 22, 23, 25—27, 30, 31

September 1—4, 6, 7, 9—11, 14, 16—20, 22—25, 27—30

October 2—4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 18—21, 24, 25, 27, 30

November 6, 10—14, 16—20, 23—25, 28—30

December 1, 2, 4—6, 9, 12, 13, 15, 17, 22—29

The Longest Period w/ No Birthday or Anniversary is March 10th—24th (15 Days), and the Longest "Streak" of Birthday / Anniversary Days is November 1st—6th (6 Days).

Birthdays / Anniversaries fall on the following Fixed–Date Holidays—New Year's Day, Earth Day, Independence Day. Fixed–Date Holidays without a Birthday / Anniversary include Groundhog Day, Valentine's Day, Leap Day, April Fool's Day, Juneteenth, Halloween, Veterans' Day, Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, and New Year's Eve.

All of the following days have Multiple Event On The Same Day—

3 Birthdays August 2; December 30

1 Anniversary, 2 Birthdays May 26

1 Anniversary, 1 Birthday October 5; November 2 and 5

2 Anniversaries May 24

2 Birthdays January 12; February 1, 10, 17, and 19; April 11; May 2 and 19; June 23; July 4, 7, 18, and 19; September 15; November 9 and 21

The Full Calendar of Birthdays / Anniversaries... After the jump.

January—

1 New Year's Day. Birthday—William Gilvin ("Gil") Bates Jr. (1965).

7 Birthday—Grace Annette ("Gracie") Duggar–Burnett (2020).

12 Birthdays—Jana Marie Duggar (1990) and John David ("J.D.") Duggar (1990).

18 Birthday—Finley Marie Paine–Bates (2022).

20 Birthday—Joseph Garrett ("Joe") Duggar (1995).

23 Birthday—Michaela Christan (Bates) Keilen (1990).

26 Birthday—Lexi Mae Webster–Bates (2017).

28 Birthday—Linda Jane ("Jane") (Hartsell) Bates [Gil's Mother] (1940).

31 Birthday—Layla Rae Stewart–Bates (2020).

February—

1 Birthdays—Trace Whitfield Bates (1997) and Jeb Colton Bates (2012).

2 Groundhog Day.

3 Birthday—James Lee ("J.L.") Duggar [Jim Bob's Father] (1936).

6 Birthday—Henry Wilberforce Seewald–Duggar (2017).

9 Birthday—Maci Jo Webster–Bates (2021).

10 Birthdays—Tiffany Lian (Espensen) Bates (1999) and Tyler Wayne Hutchins [Duggar] (2008).

14 Valentine's Day

16 Birthday—Robert Ellis ("Bobby") Smith III (1995).

17 Birthdays—Jackson Ezekiel Bates (2002) and Addallee Hope Bates (2006).

19 Birthdays—Ethel Mary (Hardin) Ruark [Michelle's Mother] (1927) and Brooklyn Praise Duggar–Caldwell (2021).

23 Birthday—Gideon Martyn Forsyth–Duggar (2018).

26 Anniversary—Justin + Claire (Spivey) Duggar (2021).

27 Birthday—Claire Yvonne (Spivey) Duggar (2001).

29 Leap Day.

Hailey James Clark–Bates's Projected DOB is February 23, 2023.

March—

3 Birthday—Joshua James Duggar (1988).

8 Birthday—Travis James Clark (2001).

9 Birthday—Derick Michael Dillard (1989).

25 Birthday—Kolter Gray Smith–Bates (2020).

26 Anniversary—Jer + Hannah (Wissmann) Duggar (2022).

27 Birthday—Zade Patrick Stewart–Bates (2022).

28 Birthday—Zoey Joy Webster–Bates (2018).

30 Birthday—Everly Hope Paine–Bates (2018).

Webster–Bates #5's Projected DOB is March 31, 2023. Baby C's Estimated DOB is in March 2022.

April—

1 April Fool's Day.

3 Anniversary—Jed + Katey (Nakatsu) Duggar (2021).

6 Birthday—Israel David Dillard–Duggar (2015).

10 Birthday—Lydia Johanna (Romeike) Bates (1998).

11 Birthdays—Carlin Brianne (Bates) Stewart (1998) and Allie Jane Webster–Bates (2015).

16 Birthday—Abbie Grace (Burnett) Duggar (1992).

18 Birthday—Charles Stephen ("Chad") Pain III (1987).

21 Birthday—Jason Michael Duggar (2000).

22 Earth Day. Birthday—Emerson Hope ("Emy") Wells (2003).

28 Birthday—Ellie Bridget Bates (2007).

May—

2 Birthdays—Erin Elise (Bates) Paine (1991) and Truett Oliver Duggar–Nakatsu (2022).

12 Anniversary—Lawson + Tiffany (Espensen) Bates (2022).

14 Birthday—Charles Stephen ("Carson") Paine–Bates IV (2015).

17 Birthday—Jill Michelle (Duggar) Dillard (1991).

18 Birthday—Lauren Milagro (Swanson) Duggar (1999).

19 Birthdays—Benjamin Michael Seewald (1995) and Warden Justice Bates (2003).

23 Birthday—Jackson Levi Duggar (2004).

24 Anniversarys—Bill + Jane (Hartsell) Bates (1964) [Gil's Parents] and Alyssa (Bates) + John Webster (2014).

25 Anniversary—Carlin (Bates) + Evan Stewart (2019).

26 Anniversary—Joy (Duggar) + Austin Forsyth (2017). Birthdays—Mary Leona (Lester) Duggar [Jim Bob's Mother] (1941) and Ivy Jane Seewald–Duggar (2019).

Forsyth–Duggar #3's Projected DOB is May 25, 2023. Duggar–Caldwell #4's Estimated DOB is in May 2022.

June—

2 Birthday—Marcus Anthony Duggar–Keller (2013).

7 Birthday—Jadon Carl Bates–Perkins (2021).

8 Birthday—Garrett David Duggar–Caldwell (2018).

14 Birthday—Hazel Sloane Balka–Bates (2021).

15 Birthday—Michael James Duggar–Keller (2011).

19 Juneteenth.

20 Birthday—Kaci Lynn Bates–Perkins (2016).

21 Anniversary—Jill (Duggar) + Derick Dillard (2014).

23 Birthdays—Anna Renee (Keller) Duggar (1988) and Hannah Marlys (Wissmann) Duggar (1995).

24 Birthday—Charlotte Raine Smith–Bates (2021).

30 Anniversary—Josiah + Lauren (Swanson) Duggar (2018).

July—

4 American Independence Day. Birthdays—William Gilvin ("Bill") Bates Sr. [Gil's Father] (1938) and Kelton Edward Balka (1995).

7 Birthday—James Andrew Duggar (2001) and Frederick Michael ("Freddy") Dillard–Duggar (2022).

8 Birthday—Samuel Scott Dillard–Duggar (2017).

16 Birthday—Meredith Grace Duggar–Keller (2015).

18 Birthdays—James Robert ("Jim Bob") Duggar (1965) and Fern Elliana Seewald–Duggar (2021).

19 Birthdays—Felicity Nicole Vuolo–Duggar (2018) and Willow Kristy Balka–Bates (2019).

21 Anniversary—Jim Bob + Michelle (Ruark) Duggar (1984).

27 Birthday—William Lawson ("Lawson") Bates (1992).

29 Birthday—Katelyn Koryn ("Katey") (Nakatsu) Duggar (1998).

August—

2 Birthdays—Jennifer Danielle Duggar (2007), Callie–Anna Rose Bates (2009), and Cambree Layne Smith–Bates (2022).

4 Birthday—Josie Kellyn (Bates) Balka (1999).

6 Birthday—Brooklyn Elise Paine–Bates (2016).

11 Birthday—Kendra Renee (Caldwell) Duggar (1998).

15 Anniversary—Michaela (Bates) + Brandon Keilen (2015).

21 Birthday—Evelyn Mae Forsyth–Duggar (2020).

24 Birthday—Evan Patrick Stewart (1995).

28 Birthday—Josiah Matthew ("Si") Duggar (1996).

29 Birthday—Kenneth Nathaniel ("Nathan") Bates (1993)

September—

5 Birthday—Jeremy Joseph Vuolo (1987).

8 Anniversary—Joe + Kendra (Caldwell) Duggar (2017).

12 Birthday—Mason Garrett Duggar–Keller (2017).

13 Birthday—Michelle Annette (Ruark) Duggar (1966).

15 Birthdays—Brandon Timothy Keilen (1989) and Judson Wyatt Bates (2010).

21 Birthday—Whitney Eileen (Perkins) Bates (1993).

26 Anniversary—Josh + Anna (Keller) Duggar (2008).

Charlie Duggar–Burnett was born in September 2022, but his Exact DOB is Unknown.

October—

1 Anniversary—Trace + Lydia (Romeike) Bates (2022).

5 Anniversary—Josie (Bates) + Kelton Balka (2018). Birthday—Katie Grace (Bates) Clark (2000).

8 Birthday—Mackynzie Renee Duggar–Keller (2009).

11 Birthday—Johannah Faith Duggar (2005).

14 Birthday—Esther Joy (Keyes) Bates (1997).

16 Birthday—Isaiah Courage Bates (2004).

17 Birthday—Kenna Joy Bates–Keyes (2022).

22 Anniversary—Nathan + Esther (Keyes) Bates (2021).

23 Birthday—Madyson Lily Duggar–Keller (2021).

26 Birthday—Kelly Jo (Callaham) Bates (1966).

28 Birthday—Joy–Anna (Duggar) Forsyth (1997).

29 Birthday—Bradley Gilvin Bates–Perkins (2014).

31 Halloween.

November—

1 Anniversary—Jessa (Duggar) + Ben Seewald (2014).

2 Anniversary—Erin (Bates) + Chad Paine (2013). Birthday—Addison Renee Duggar–Caldwell (2019).

3 Anniversary—John + Abbie (Burnett) Duggar (2018).

4 Birthday—Jessa Lauren (Duggar) Seewald (1992).

5 Anniversary—Jinger (Duggar) + Jeremy Vuolo (2016). Birthday—Spurgeon Elliot Seewald–Duggar (2015).

7 Birthday—Khloé Eileen Bates–Perkins (2019).

8 Birthday—Bella Milagro Duggar–Swanson (2019).

9 Birthdays—Alyssa Joy (Bates) Webster (1994) and Robert Ellis ("Kade") Smith–Bates IV (2018).

11 Veteran's Day.

15 Birthday—Justin Samuel Duggar (2002).

21 Birthdays—Kenneth Hubbard Callaham Sr. [Kelly Jo's Father] (1934) and John Elliott Webster (1989).

22 Birthday—Evangeline Jo Vuolo–Duggar (2020).

26 Birthday—Holland Grace Paine–Bates (2019).

27 Birthday—Maryella Hope Duggar–Keller (2019)

December—

3 Anniversary—Katie (Bates) + Travis Clark (2021).

7 Birthday—Garrett Floyde Ruark Sr. [Michelle's Father] (1924).

8 Birthday—Betty Jo (Smith) Callaham, etc. [Kelly Jo's Mother] (1938).

10 Birthday—Josie Brooklyn Duggar (2009).

11 Birthday—Austin Martyn Forsyth (1993)

14 Anniversary—Zach + Whitney (Perkins) Bates (2013).

16 Anniversary—Tori (Bates) + Bobby Smith (2017).

18 Birthday—Jordyn–Grace Makiya Duggar (2008).

19 Anniversary—Gil + Kelly Jo (Callaham) Bates (1987).

20 Birthday—Tori Layne (Bates) Smith (1995).

21 Birthday—Jinger Nicole (Duggar) Vuolo (1993).

24 Christmas Eve.

25 Christmas Day.

30 Birthday—Zachary Gilvin Bates (1988), Jedidiah Robert ("Jed") Duggar (1998), and Jeremiah Robert ("Jer") Duggar (1998).

31 New Year's Eve.

Unknown Anniversaries—Betty Jo (Smith) + Ken Callaham [Kelly Jo's Parents], Jimmy + Mary (Lester) Duggar [Jim Bob's Parents], and Garrett + Ethel (Hardin) Ruark [Michelle's Parents]

Unknown Birthdays—Baby C (AKA Duggar–Swanson #2), Duggar–Caldwell #4, and Charlie Duggar–Burnett

#birthday #anniversary

[luxe-pauvre]

In 1963, the UC Santa Barbara ecologist and economist Garrett Hardin proposed his First Law of Ecology: “You can never merely do one thing.” We operate in a world of multiple, overlapping connections, like a web, with many significant, yet obscure and unpredictable, relationships. He developed second-order thinking into a tool, showing that if you don’t consider “the effects of the effects,” you can’t really claim to be doing any thinking at all.

Farnam Street, The Great Mental Models Volume 1: General Thinking Concepts

#Farnam Street #The Great Mental Models Volume 1: General Thinking Concepts

[working-dad-2010]

Tragedy of the Commons

QEUSTION

Please summarize the history, meaning, and common applications of the phrase "tragedy of the commons".

ANSWER

History:

The term "tragedy of the commons" was popularized by the ecologist Garrett Hardin in an article published in the journal Science in 1968. However, the concept has much older roots in economic and philosophical thinking, dating back to Aristotle who noted that "what is common to the greatest number gets the least amount of care."

Hardin's article drew upon an example first noted by the Victorian economist William Forster Lloyd, who, in a critique of unregulated grazing on common land, demonstrated how rational individuals, acting in their own self-interest, could ultimately deplete a shared resource to the detriment of all.

Meaning:

The tragedy of the commons refers to a dilemma in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally based on their own self-interest, will deplete a shared limited resource, even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's long-term interest for this to happen.

This occurs because the benefits of exploitation accrue to individuals or groups, each of whom is motivated to maximize use of the resource to the point in which they become depleted, while the costs of the exploitation are distributed among all those to whom the resource is available (which may be a wider class of individuals than those who are exploiting it).

Common Applications:

The tragedy of the commons has broad applications across various fields such as economics, environmental science, sociology, and political science.

Environmental Applications: The most common application is in environmental issues like overfishing, deforestation, air pollution, and climate change. These problems occur when individuals or companies use a public good (like a forest, fishery, or the atmosphere) for their own benefit, but the cost of that use is borne by society at large.

Economics: In economic terms, the tragedy of the commons is often used to justify the imposition of external regulation and property rights, where the market fails to provide a solution. It underscores the challenge of managing 'common pool resources'.

Public Health: It's also applied in public health scenarios such as antibiotic resistance, where overuse of antibiotics can lead to resistance, diminishing their effectiveness for everyone.

Internet and Technology: In the digital realm, the concept can be applied to issues such as spam email, where the costless nature of sending email leads to an overuse of this resource, to the detriment of all users.

Political Science and Sociology: The concept is often used to illustrate the challenges of cooperation and collective action. It's been used to describe problems ranging from underfunding of public goods and services, to the challenges of international cooperation on issues like nuclear non-proliferation.

[gigijb1969]

The Texas Rocket Trail 2024 Started in Southeast Texas/Smith Point Today, Friday, May 10

Friday marked the beginning  of the last leg of the Texas Rocket Trail for Rockets 2024, and the first day of launches in Smith Point. Luckily, we had good weather for testing today, unlike last weekend in Central Texas . The original schedule listed 20 rockets for testing, but by day’s end 18 were tested and three of those took two attempts before successfully leaving the rail.  In all it was a…

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#Highschoolrockets #ItISRocketScience #Launcher01 #RideTheSkies #rocketscience #RocketSeason #STEMRockets #SystemsGoNews #SystemsGoNM #Anahuac High School #Austin Hodges #Brazosport High School #Brazoswood High School #Captain Garrett #Channelview High School #Chelsea Burow #creative writing #engineering #engineers #Facebook #fredericksburg #Fredericksburg High School #Gary High School #Ginger Burow #GingerBurow #Goddard Level #Hardin-Jefferson High School #Harleton High Scool #houston #Houston Rockets

[interesting-ladies-on-wikipedia]

"In contrast to the prevailing rational-economic predictions of Malthusianism and the tragedy of the commons, she showed cases where humans were not trapped and helpless amid diminishing supplies.

(...)

Ostrom is probably best known for revisiting the so-called “tragedy of the commons" – a theory proposed by biologist Garrett Hardin in 1968.

'In an article by the same name published in the journal Science, Hardin theorized that if each herdsman sharing a piece of common grazing land made the individually rational economic decision of increasing the number of cattle he keeps on the land, the collective effect would deplete or destroy the commons. In other words, multiple individuals—acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest—will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource, even when it is clear that it is not in anyone’s long-term interest for this to happen. Ostrom believes that the “tragedy” in such situations isn’t inevitable, as Hardin thought. Instead, if the herders decide to cooperate with one another, monitoring each other’s use of the land and enforcing rules for managing it, they can avoid the tragedy.'

Garrett Hardin believes that the most important aspect that we need to realize today is the need to abandon the principle of shared resources in reproduction. A possible alternative to the tragedy of the commons (shared needs) was described in Elinor Ostrom's book 'Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action'. The book demonstrates on a factual material that there are practical algorithms for the collective use of a limited common resource, which allow the selfish behavior of stakeholders within the framework of the accepted algorithms for quoting and control, while the result of interaction is not devastation, but rational use and renewal of the resource."

#Elinor Claire 'Lin' Ostrom #Elinor Ostrom #Elinor Awan #United States #scientist #women #history #interesting ladies on wikipedia