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tutoroot · 1 month

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What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure?

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial organelle found in eukaryotic cells responsible for various essential cellular functions. It plays a significant role in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification processes within the cell. In this blog, we will look at endoplasmic reticulum diagram, endoplasmic reticulum structure, and much more.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a vital organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification. Understanding the structure, functions, and types of ER is essential for comprehending cellular biology. In this article, we delve into the intricacies of the endoplasmic reticulum, breaking down complex concepts into easily digestible information.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Diagram

The endoplasmic reticulum is a complex network of membranes that extend throughout the cell, consisting of both rough and smooth regions. The rough ER is studded with ribosomes on its surface, giving it a rough appearance, while the smooth ER lacks ribosomes, appearing smooth under the microscope.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Structure

The endoplasmic reticulum has a highly dynamic structure,

1. Membrane Composition

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is composed of a network of membranes that form flattened sacs (cisternae) and tubular structures throughout the eukaryotic cells’ cytoplasm.

These membranes are made up of a phospholipid bilayer, which consists of phospholipid molecules arranged with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward.

2. Membrane Proteins:

Embedded within the phospholipid bilayer are various proteins that serve important functions.

Some proteins act as channels or transporters, facilitating the movement of ions and molecules in and out of the ER.

Other proteins are enzymes responsible for catalyzing specific biochemical reactions within the ER.

3. Cholesterol Content:

The ER membranes also contain cholesterol molecules, which help stabilize the membrane structure and maintain fluidity.

Cholesterol is important for regulating membrane permeability and the function of membrane proteins.

4. Smooth and Rough Regions:

The ER is divided into two main regions based on its appearance and function: rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).

The rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface, giving it a rough appearance, whereas the smooth ER lacks ribosomes, appearing smooth.

5. Interconnection with Other Organelles:

The ER is interconnected with other organelles like the Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and nucleus through membrane contacts and vesicle transport.

This interconnected network allows for the exchange of materials and signals between different cellular compartments.

6. Role in Protein Synthesis:

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is specialized for protein synthesis due to the presence of ribosomes on its surface.

Ribosomes on the RER synthesize proteins based on genetic instructions received from the nucleus, and these proteins are then transported into the ER for processing and modification.

7. Role in Lipid Synthesis and Metabolism:

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) is involved in lipid synthesis, including the production of phospholipids and cholesterol.

It also plays a role in lipid metabolism, such as the breakdown of fatty acids and the synthesis of steroid hormones.

8. Dynamic Nature of ER Membranes:

The ER membranes are highly dynamic, constantly undergoing fusion, fission, and remodeling to accommodate changes in cellular activities and metabolic demands.

This dynamic nature allows the ER to adapt to various cellular functions and respond to external stimuli.

The endoplasmic reticulum is a vital organelle that plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular function and health. Its intricate structure and diverse functions make it indispensable for the proper functioning of eukaryotic cells.

This article explores the in-detail structure of the endoplasmic reticulum, focusing on its unique functions and its types. To delve deeper into these concepts, feel free to explore our blog section. For personalised online tuition, Tutoroot offers exceptional services. Our online biology tuition sessions are designed to clarify any doubts you may have about various concepts. Click here to schedule a FREE DEMO session.

#endoplasmicreticulumfunction #endoplasmicreticulumstructure #endoplasmicreticulum #Endoplasmicreticulumdiagram

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kent-science-academy · 2 years

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Follow @kent_science_academy . . . . . . . . . . #biology #biologymemes #biologymeme #mitosis #dna #rna #science #sciencememes #sciencememe #apbiology #bio #biolab #biologylab #biologymajor #highschoolbiology #cells #golgiapparatus #endoplasmicreticulum #uracil #thymine #memes #glycolysis #highschool #school #schoolmemes #highschoolmemes (at United Kingdom) https://www.instagram.com/p/CWn-egdM1eS/?utm_medium=tumblr

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athleticeatery · 7 years

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The first step in building our bodies, is to understand them. Cell by cell #humanatomy #biology #science #cell #cytoplasm #organelle #nucleus #mitochondria #endoplasmicreticulum #lyosome #education #animalcell #cellmembrane #gym #gymhead #fitness #fitnesstips #nutrition #athlete #sportsnutrition #sportsperformance #gymlife #metabolism #infographic #athleticeatery #school #torontoscience #torontofitness #toronto #muscle (at Toronto, Ontario)

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glitterandvelociraptors · 7 years

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Untitled, 2016, pen on paper, 8 x 10 inches

#mitochondria #dna #endoplasmicreticulum #cell #biology #illustration #penandink

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mysizzlingdreamcollector-blog · 7 years

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Endoplasmic Reticulum. #deutchesmuseum #germany #germany🇩🇪 #munich #münchen #physicalscience #biology #science #physicalscience #endoplasmic #endoplasmicreticulum #exhibit #glüh #glow # (at Deutsches Museum)

#endoplasmic #glüh #biology #physicalscience #münchen #germany #endoplasmicreticulum #deutchesmuseum #glow #exhibit #science #germany🇩🇪#munich

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championsacademy · 2 years

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#DisulfideBonds are made in nearly one-third (7000) of the #Proteins in the #EukaryoticProteome,11 many of which are destined for contact with the relatively nonreducing extracellular environment as secretory or cell surface proteins.

Disulfide Bond formation involves a reaction between the #Sulfhydryl (SH) side chains of two #Cysteine residues: an S− anion from one sulfhydryl group acts as a #Nucleophile, attacking the side chain of a second cysteine to create a disulfide bond, and in the process releases #Electrons (reducing equivalents) for transfer.

Proper disulfide bonds provide stability to a protein, decreasing further #Entropic choices that facilitate folding progression toward the #NativeState by limiting unfolded or improperly folded conformations.

An increase in stability of the #NativeStructure resulting from the #Formation of a particular disulfide bond has been said to be directly #Proportional to the number of residues between the linked cysteines, i.e. the larger the number of residues in the #DisulfideLoop, the greater the #Stability provided to the #NativeStructure.

The #Chemistry of protein disulfide bond formation is directly influenced three key factors:

1) The #SpatialAccessibility / #PhysicalProximity of the partner cysteine residues forming the disulfide bond;

2) The difference between the pKa of the involved #Thiol groups and the pH of the local environment (with lower pH limiting reactivity and higher pH favoring increased reactivity); and

3) The #Redox environment (with lesser reactivity under more reducing conditions and greater reactivity under more oxidizing conditions).

As the latter two factors are environmentally controlled, specific cellular compartments have evolved within cells to facilitate disulfide bond formation.

In #Bacteria, disulfide bonds in #BioactivePeptides and #Polypeptides of the secretory pathway are formed in the #Periplasm ; in #Eukaryotes, such (poly)peptides tend to acquire their disulfide bonds in the #EndoplasmicReticulum (ER) although disulfide bond formation can occasionally occur at other sites (including extracellularly).

The ER is a vastly more common site than the #Cytosol (which is very rarely the site of disulfide bond formation) because the ER #IntralumenalEnvironment is more oxidizing than that of the cytosol.

The redox environment is at least partly reflected by the ratio of oxidized #Glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), which in the case of the ER (and #Periplasm), is shifted in favor of GSSG.

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tutoroot · 1 month

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What is Endoplasmic Reticulum?

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial organelle found in eukaryotic cells responsible for various essential cellular functions. It plays a significant role in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and detoxification processes within the cell. In this blog, we will look at endoplasmic reticulum diagram, endoplasmic reticulum structure, and much more. Enroll now at Tutoroot.

#endoplasmicreticulumfunction #endoplasmicreticulumstructure #endoplasmicreticulum #endoplasmicreticulumdiagram

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kent-science-academy · 2 years

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Follow @kent_science_academy . . . . . . . . . . . #mitosis #dna #rna #science #sciencememes #sciencememe #apbiology #bio #biolab #biologylab #biologymajor #highschoolbiology #cells #golgiapparatus #endoplasmicreticulum #uracil #thymine #memes #glycolysis #highschool #school #schoolmemes #highschoolmemes #biology #biologymemes #biologymeme (at United Kingdom) https://www.instagram.com/p/CbCeqpkJnJE/?utm_medium=tumblr

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kent-science-academy · 2 years

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Follow @kent_science_academy . . . . . . . #mitosis #dna #rna #science #sciencememes #sciencememe #apbiology #bio #biolab #biologylab #biologymajor #highschoolbiology #cells #golgiapparatus #endoplasmicreticulum #uracil #thymine #memes #glycolysis #highschool #school #schoolmemes #highschoolmemes #biology #biologymemes #biologymeme (at United Kingdom) https://www.instagram.com/p/CbCeCDEpubx/?utm_medium=tumblr

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kent-science-academy · 2 years

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Follow @kent_science_academy . . . . . . . . . . mitosis #dna #rna #science #sciencememes #sciencememe #apbiology #bio #biolab #biologylab #biologymajor #highschoolbiology #cells #golgiapparatus #endoplasmicreticulum #uracil #thymine #memes #glycolysis #highschool #school #schoolmemes #highschoolmemes #biology #biologymemes #biologymeme (at United Kingdom) https://www.instagram.com/p/CZ9l0pBs3qv/?utm_medium=tumblr

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kent-science-academy · 2 years

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Follow @kent_science_academy . . . . . . . . #biology #biologymemes #biologymeme #mitosis #dna #rna #science #sciencememes #sciencememe #apbiology #bio #biolab #biologylab #biologymajor #highschoolbiology #cells #golgiapparatus #endoplasmicreticulum #uracil #thymine #memes #glycolysis #highschool #school #schoolmemes #highschoolmemes (at United States of America) https://www.instagram.com/kent_science_academy/p/CZFAM6JMqTY/?utm_medium=tumblr

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kent-science-academy · 2 years

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kent-science-academy · 2 years

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Follow @kent_science_academy . . . . . . . . #biology #biologymemes #biologymeme #mitosis #dna #rna #science #sciencememes #sciencememe #apbiology #bio #biolab #biologylab #biologymajor #highschoolbiology #cells #golgiapparatus #endoplasmicreticulum #uracil #thymine #memes #glycolysis #highschool #school #schoolmemes #highschoolmemes (at Washington, DC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CXFq9GSDo5e/?utm_medium=tumblr

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kent-science-academy · 2 years

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Follow @kent_science_academy . . . . . #biology #biologymemes #biologymeme #mitosis #dna #rna #science #sciencememes #sciencememe #apbiology #bio #biolab #biologylab #biologymajor #highschoolbiology #cells #golgiapparatus #endoplasmicreticulum #uracil #thymine #memes #glycolysis #highschool #school #schoolmemes #highschoolmemes (at Washington, DC) https://www.instagram.com/p/CW98y4yN-cG/?utm_medium=tumblr

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kent-science-academy · 2 years

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