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#Unlicensed cookbook
jobjobstuff · 1 year
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Untitled Goose Game Inspired Cookbook
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Just wanna share some of my favorite photos from a small cookbook my friends and I put together!
Unlicensed Cookbook is inspired by the Untitled Goose Game!
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Do you like hobbits (well, "Shirefolk", because this is an inofficial and unlicensed project)? Do you like cooking? Do you like hobbit cuisine? Then I'd like to invite you to have a look at this Kickstarter for... dun dun dun... a cookbook inspired by hobbit cuisine! The English translation of that cookbook which has already been published in German, to be exact. The Kickstarter runs from July 21 to August 6, 2023, so there's a couple of days left to jump on board!
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stigmvtas · 6 months
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MARIBEL SAWYER — ABRIDGED.
welcome to marina, MARIBEL SAWYER ( demi woman, she/they ) ! they are a TWENTY SIX year old who has lived on the island for TEN YEARS. word on the street is they’re currently living in TOWER HILL and works as an INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALIST / UNLICENSED PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR. everyone also says they look a lot like ELLA PURNELL. what do you think? — JAMES, 24, THEY/THEM, EST.
MENTIONS OF EATING DISORDERS AND DISAPPEARANCE.
profile.
full name: maribel ottoline sawyer.
birthday: june 1st, 1997.
astrology: gemini sun, aries moon, gemini ascending.
sexuality: bisexual.
currently listening to: the last time i did acid i went insane by jeffrey lewis.
last known location: [[[cannot be found]]]
PINTEREST.
brief history.
another middle child! what a surprise <3 smack dab in the middle of two other siblings and born to an air force father and what can only be described as an almond mom who's got an entire line of diet cookbooks and a keto-lifestyle cooking vlog on youtube.
very typical all-american, strict family life. curfew at 9pm, family dinner every sunday, chores before anything else. no sick days, no excuses, no bad grades.
painfully average in a family full of success; older sister an early broadway star, younger brother not only poet but football prodigy - maribel nothing, nothing but average. nothing but too curious.
develops a knack for mysteries and a compulsive need to solve them at a young age - something to pass time, and something that makes her feel like she's got a purpose, somewhere. a miniature nancy drew, the only reputation she holds.
they move around the states often, never in one place for too long; maribel always the too quiet girl in the back of the classroom while her siblings garnered attention.
eating disorder; maribel's mother obsession with clean eating, and being an ingredient-only household, as well as projecting her self - image onto all of her children resulted in a years long eating disorder that's mari still combats to this day - but she's doing a little better.
the family moves to nevada during mari's early high school years, her sister's in new york and her brother's still in middle school - so it's just mari at a strange new school in the middle of the desert. makes one of her only friends there, one who thinks her obsession with conspiracies isn't weird. who believes in aliens like her, who understands her.
disappearance; tldr, mari and her best friend break into area 51 to see the aliens and they get caught. obviously. lucky they weren't shot on sight. maribel gets her father almost fired, and her friend disappears. she never sees them again.
after that, the family moves to marina. mari's sixteen, and she retires the magnifying glass and her itching curiosity for the next few years. she's mostly afraid - of both her family, and of the consequences of her actions.
by the time she's eighteen, her family all but kicks her out of the house - one of those rules. she's an adult now - so act like one. then they move away - and mari's alone. she enrolls in university, and works three different jobs just to afford her tuition - but she gets through it. she has to, even if she's weak. even if she's afraid.
recently started doing her. investigation stuff again with a license that's definitely forged due to one of her other, few talents: forgery. but hey! if it gets the job done<3
facts & temperaments.
has worked so many jobs and still has a new one every other week. receptionist, waitress, phone sex operator despite being so virginal it's not even funny. has probably worked at several different restaurants after dropping entire trays of plates and getting fired because it's the fifth time it's happened in a two hour shift.
because even doing her minor investigative work that revolves around suspicious housewives and trailing dodgy teenagers will not pay her student loans or rent.
used to sell fake ids in high school because once again, she's a bit of a forgery mastermind; but stopped after she graduated. never got caught, though! also a little bit of a hacker, would change grades in the school's system for the "popular" girls in her grade to earn their approval. never really worked in her favor, but hey - they passed their classes!
would've done computer science but even though she's moved out of her family's home and they've moved away - her mom still berated her for going into a "man's" field. so maribel took up journalism as a bit of a fuck you. worked out great, obviously.
lies about her childhood often because she was a bit of a. friendless nerd and also embarrassed her dad and like, disgraced her family. and she would hate for people to know that! a bit of a compulsive liar because of it.
has an advice column in the newspaper under a fake alias as well, because maribel is Leading a Life. one where she just creates mess after mess.
is the most awkward person to walk the planet. constantly stumbling over her words or backtracking, rambling on; just has a general nervous demeanor. has constant trembles. like if you touch her, she's just. vibrating with nerves. extremely shy, and takes a while to warm up to strangers.
desperately wants to be liked. like socially. like on a fundamental level. tries to fit her personality to whoever she's talking to. she's really nice! and tries not to be like genuinely fake, just doesn't know how to be herself, or what herself is actually like.
a yes girl. rarely says no to anyone, even if it's a ridiculous request. a pushover, a doormat, someone easily walked over. surprisingly hard to fully manipulate, because maribel has the intuition of an investigator. will entertain it for a short while before realizing she's being played like a fiddle.
so fucking clumsy that it's a marvel that she's like. a genuinely decent investigator. can somehow manage to pull herself together for cases, but when she's off the clock? an entire mess. observant, even when she doesn't want to be. she can't turn that part of her off.
hair's always tied up in a ponytail. no exceptions. it's who she is. it's her personality. only takes it out when she's drunk. which isn't often but it happens sometimes! switches personalities like day and night when she is tipsy; becomes a complete flirt, an almost unrecognizable version of herself with confidence she'd never have otherwise.
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lboogie1906 · 1 year
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George Washington Benson (born March 22, 1943) is a guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He began his professional career at the age of 19 as a jazz guitarist. He uses a rest-stroke picking technique similar to that of gypsy jazz players such as Django Reinhardt. A former child prodigy, he first came to prominence in the 1960s, playing soul jazz with Jack McDuff and others. He then launched a successful solo career, alternating between jazz, pop, R&B singing, and scat singing. His album Breezin' was certified triple-platinum, hitting no. 1 on the Billboard album chart in 1976. He has been honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He was born and raised in the Hill District of Pittsburgh. At the age of seven, he first played the ukulele in a corner drug store, for which he was paid a few dollars. At the age of eight, he played guitar in an unlicensed nightclub on Friday and Saturday nights, but the police soon closed the club down. At the age of nine, he started to record. Out of the four sides he cut, two were released: "She Makes Me Mad" backed with "It Should Have Been Me", with RCA Victor. As a youth, he learned how to play straight-ahead instrumental jazz during a relationship performing for several years with organist Jack McDuff. One of his many early guitar heroes was country-jazz guitarist Hank Garland. He recorded his first album as a leader, The New Boss Guitar, featuring McDuff. His next recording was It's Uptown with the George Benson Quartet. He followed it up with The George Benson Cookbook. Miles Davis employed him, featuring his guitar on "Paraphernalia" on Miles in the Sky before he went to Verve Records. His 1974 release, Bad Benson, climbed to the top spot in the Billboard jazz chart, while the follow-ups, Good King Bad (#51 Pop album) and Benson & Farrell, both reached the jazz top-three sellers. He did a version of The Beatles' album Abbey Road called The Other Side of Abbey Road and a version of "White Rabbit". #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence https://www.instagram.com/p/CqFs9rNutnn/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
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blackkudos · 4 years
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George Benson
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George Benson (born March 22, 1943) is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He began his professional career at the age of 21 as a jazz guitarist. Benson uses a rest-stroke picking technique similar to that of gypsy jazz players such as Django Reinhardt.
A former child prodigy, Benson first came to prominence in the 1960s, playing soul jazz with Jack McDuff and others. He then launched a successful solo career, alternating between jazz, pop, R&B singing, and scat singing. His album Breezin' was certified triple-platinum, hitting no. 1 on the Billboard album chart in 1976. His concerts were well attended through the 1980s, and he still has a large following. Benson has been honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Biography
Early career
Benson was born and raised in the Hill District in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At the age of seven, he first played the ukulele in a corner drug store, for which he was paid a few dollars. At the age of eight, he played guitar in an unlicensed nightclub on Friday and Saturday nights, but the police soon closed the club down. At the age of 9, he started to record. Out of the four sides he cut, two were released: "She Makes Me Mad" backed with "It Should Have Been Me", with RCA-Victor in New York; although one source indicates this record was released under the name "Little Georgie", the 45rpm label is printed with the name George Benson. The single was produced by Leroy Kirkland for RCA's rhythm and blues label, Groove Records. As he has stated in an interview, Benson's introduction to showbusiness had an effect on his schooling. When this was discovered (tied with the failure of his single) his guitar was impounded. Luckily, after he spent time in a juvenile detention centre his stepfather made him a new guitar.
Benson attended and graduated from Schenley High School. As a youth he learned how to play straight-ahead instrumental jazz during a relationship performing for several years with organist Jack McDuff. One of his many early guitar heroes was country-jazz guitarist Hank Garland. At the age of 21, he recorded his first album as leader, The New Boss Guitar, featuring McDuff. Benson's next recording was It's Uptown with the George Benson Quartet, including Lonnie Smith on organ and Ronnie Cuber on baritone saxophone. Benson followed it up with The George Benson Cookbook, also with Lonnie Smith and Ronnie Cuber on baritone and drummer Marion Booker. Miles Davis employed Benson in the mid-1960s, featuring his guitar on "Paraphernalia" on his 1968 Columbia release, Miles in the Sky before going to Verve Records.
Benson then signed with Creed Taylor's jazz label CTI Records, where he recorded several albums, with jazz heavyweights guesting, to some success, mainly in the jazz field. His 1974 release, Bad Benson, climbed to the top spot in the Billboard jazz chart, while the follow-ups, Good King Bad (#51 Pop album) and Benson and Farrell (with Joe Farrell), both reached the jazz top-three sellers. Benson also did a version of The Beatles's 1969 album Abbey Road called The Other Side of Abbey Road, also released in 1969, and a version of "White Rabbit", originally written and recorded by San Francisco rock group Great Society, and made famous by Jefferson Airplane. Benson played on numerous sessions for other CTI artists during this time, including Freddie Hubbard and Stanley Turrentine, notably on the latter's acclaimed album Sugar.
1970s and 1980s
By the mid-to-late 1970s, as he recorded for Warner Bros. Records, a whole new audience began to discover Benson. With the 1976 release Breezin', Benson sang a lead vocal on the track "This Masquerade" (notable also for the lush, romantic piano intro and solo by Jorge Dalto), which became a huge pop hit and won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year. (He had sung vocals infrequently on albums earlier in his career, notably his rendition of "Here Comes the Sun" on the Other Side of Abbey Road album.) The rest of the album is instrumental, including his rendition of the 1975 Jose Feliciano composition "Affirmation".
In 1976, Benson toured with soul singer Minnie Riperton, who had been diagnosed with terminal breast cancer earlier that year and, in addition, appeared as a guitarist and backup vocalist on Stevie Wonder's song "Another Star" from Wonder's album Songs in the Key of Life.
During the same year, 1976, the top selling album 'Breezin' was released on the Warner Brothers label featuring the Bobby Womack penned title track and the Leon Russell penned This Masquerade which is now a jazz standard. Both tracks won Grammy awards that year and the LP put Benson into the musical limelight both in the USA and in Europe. Ironically, Benson had been discouraged up until this time, from using his singing skills, mainly as the company decision makers felt he wasn't competent enough vocally, and he should stick to playing the guitar. It was here that he clearly proved them wrong.
He also recorded the original version of "The Greatest Love of All" for the 1977 Muhammad Ali bio-pic, The Greatest, which was later covered by Whitney Houston as "Greatest Love of All". During this time Benson recorded with the German conductor Claus Ogerman. The live take of "On Broadway", recorded a few months later from the 1978 release Weekend in L.A., also won a Grammy. He has worked with Freddie Hubbard on a number of his albums throughout the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.
The Qwest record label (a subsidiary of Warner Bros., run by Quincy Jones) released Benson's breakthrough pop album Give Me The Night, produced by Jones. Benson made it into the pop and R&B top ten with the song "Give Me the Night" (written by former Heatwave keyboardist Rod Temperton). He had many hit singles such as "Love All the Hurt Away", "Turn Your Love Around", "Inside Love", "Lady Love Me", "20/20", "Shiver", "Kisses in the Moonlight". More importantly, Quincy Jones encouraged Benson to search his roots for further vocal inspiration, and he rediscovered his love for Nat Cole, Ray Charles and Donny Hathaway in the process, influencing a string of further vocal albums into the 1990s. Despite returning to his jazz and guitar playing most recently, this theme was reflected again much later in Benson's 2000 release Absolute Benson, featuring a cover of one of Hathaway's most notable songs, "The Ghetto". Benson accumulated three other platinum LPs and two gold albums.
1990s to present
In 1990, Benson was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music from the Berklee College of Music.
To commemorate the long relationship between Benson and Ibanez and to celebrate 30 years of collaboration on the GB Signature Models, Ibanez created the GB30TH, a limited-edition model with a gold-foil finish inspired by the traditional Japanese Garahaku art form. In 2009, Benson was recognized by the National Endowment of the Arts as a Jazz Master, the nation's highest honor in jazz. Benson performed at the 49th issue of the Ohrid Summer Festival in North Macedonia on July 25, 2009, and his tribute show to Nat King Cole An Unforgettable Tribute to Nat King Cole as part of the Istanbul International Jazz Festival in Turkey on July 27. In the fall of 2009, Benson finished recording an album entitled Songs and Stories with Marcus Miller, producer John Burk, and session musicians David Paich and Steve Lukather. As a part of the promotion for his album Songs and Stories, Benson has appeared or performed on The Tavis Smiley Show, Jimmy Kimmel Live! and Late Night with Jimmy Fallon.
He performed at the Java Jazz Festival March 4–6, 2011. In 2011, Benson released the album Guitar Man, revisiting his 1960s/early-1970s guitar-playing roots with a 12-song collection of covers of both jazz and pop standards produced by John Burk.
In June 2013, Benson released his fourth album for Concord, Inspiration: A Tribute to Nat King Cole, which included Wynton Marsalis, Idina Menzel, Till Brönner, and Judith Hill. In September, he returned to perform at Rock in Rio festival, in Rio de Janeiro, 35 years after his first performance at this festival, which was then the inaugural one.
In July 2016, Benson participated as a mentor in the Sky Arts program Guitar Star in the search for the UK and Republic of Ireland's most talented guitarist.
In May 2018, Benson was featured on the Gorillaz single "Humility".
On July 12, 2018, it was announced that Benson had signed to Mascot Label Group.
On June 25, 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed George Benson among hundreds of musicians whose material was destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.
Personal life
Benson has been married to Johnnie Lee since 1965 and has seven children. Benson describes his music as focusing more on love and romance, and eschewing overt sexuality, due to his commitment to his family and religious practices, with Benson serving as one of Jehovah's Witnesses. Benson has been a resident of Englewood, New Jersey.
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Chocolate in Colonial Times: Consumption
We shift over to Europe and their introduction to this new found crop from Mesoamerica: cacao. Europe had never experienced anything like it before. Compared to Meso-America, how did Europe react to this new crop popping out of the newly docked ships in the harbors. Spain had started consuming cacao just like the Mexicas did; however, they did not like the bitter taste, so they added sugar and even honey to add a sweeter taste making it more consumable. They quickly added many more ingredients to see how they could improve the quality: almonds, eggs, or milk were added; they would also consume it hot made with water. Just like the Mexica, the nobility was able to drink proper chocolate. They would go to Tertulias, where they would discuss current events, politics, the arts, or social events. In Italy, cacao beans were toasted, crushed, and infused with jasmine flowers before being ground with sugar, vanilla, and ambergris. France’s Anne of Austria had brought chocolate as an engagement present. The Spanish had sent French monks chocolate as a gift. The French would serve either coffee or chocolate in their 380 chocolate houses they established. The UK had started advertising chocolate in the newspaper and even included them in cookbooks. They would attend chocolate houses that were strictly known as men’s clubs. Consumption was much more common, while the rest of Europe, only the elite and rich could consume the new concoction. Just like the Mexica, cacao was a social marker. Only those who could afford chocolate could consume it. It became the official marker of wealth and status in Baroque Europe. Unlike today, it was considered a luxury item; it was popular in mansion courts and palaces. Versailles, for example, regularly served chocolate during feasts and banquets. Since only the elite could consume chocolate, this reinforced hierarchies. The wealthier they were, the more chocolate they could afford.
Consumption was similar to Mesoamerica; however, they would add ingredients that would fit their palates much better. They would add sugar and honey for a sweeter taste as regular drinkable chocolate was naturally bitter. They soon added cinnamon, Anise seed, and black pepper. How they would prepare the chocolate drink is, they would mix the chocolate with the spices they wanted into a paste and according to Loveman, “the resulting paste was then made into tablets or left to harden in small boxes. Spanish ways to prepare the drink included adding a little warm water to the paste and stirring it with a "molinet" before adding more hot water and sugar” (Loveman, 30). A Molinet was a tool that was designed to whip chocolate, creating the froth at the top.
Unlike the Mesoamericans, the Europeans stripped all spiritual meaning and ritual from cacao; however, they did maintain the status that cacao gave royalty. Europeans did see the medicinal qualities of chocolate. Depending on their ailment, their organs and temperaments would tell them which of their humors was imbalanced, given the name Humoral Theory. Since cacao was cold and moist, it was best for hot weather consumption. Chocolate was dry and hot and it would help in the ailments in the chest and of the stomach. The Humoral theory was disproven in the 17th century. Chocolates attributes to curing cough, inflammation, obstructions, aid in digestion, clean one’s teeth, and aid in inducing conception. 
Debates soon became the norm to the church about whether or not cacao was a food or drink because of the religious practice of fasting. Chocolate was ideal for fasting as it was very filling, but people still believed that it broke fast. The Dominicans said that it broke the fast, however, the Jesuits said that it did not. In 1591, Juan de Cardenas argued that there were 2 types of drinks: anything that was drinkable and any liquids that are intended to quash the thirst. For the first interpretation you can puree anything and make it a liquid. The second one refers specifically to water. Chocolate was in the first category and fasting was meant to mortify the flesh, so consuming chocolate broke the fast. The pope consulted and he argued that it did not break fast, but priests insisted that chocolate was nourishment. Antonio Leon de Pinello in the 1630s wrote a book stating that it depended on the ingredients being used in the drink; if it was made with water, it was okay to drink during fast. Chocolate was also labeled as a sinful food believing that it had a connection with the Devil. It was also connected with 3 of the 7 deadly sins: greed, gluttony, and lust. Women had a strong connection with chocolate. women would often bring chocolate as an offering to the church; however, the bishop would not accept women entering the church, but would take the chocolates with them. That same bishop would later die and people believed that he had eaten chocolate laced with poison. They were also connected with witchcraft and crime. Chocolate was used by women to control men because men believed that it was prepared by exotic women in the New World. It also had a connection to sex. It was considered an Aphrodisiac. Aztec emperors would drink chocolate before having sex. It would help with erectile dysfunction and could assist with pregnancy. A person named Marquis de Sade would frequently consume chocolate before having orgys; he was later convicted of rape, sodomy, and assault. While in prison, he would request his wife chocolate to be sent to him to show others that he was very wealthy, connecting back to how the Aztecs also saw cacao as, a status symbol. The Europeans would soon create different tools that would help them prepare their chocolate drinks, such as: the molinillo (mixing tool that would froth the drink), chocolatiere pot, and the mancerina. From this point onward, all meaning of what cacao’s had left of its identity was stripped away; at first it was used as a medicine, but now it is seen as a food.
Meanwhile in the Americas, Venezuela was consumed as rough, ready, and bitter called Cerrero; it was dissolved in water without sweetener and it was able to be consumed by all. In pre-hispanic times, the it was called chorote made by boiling ground cacao in a pot and letting it cool until the top layer of cacao butter could be removed and set aside. What remained was a thick layer of cacao solids at the bottom and there a clear liquid that was poured off leaving the solids to be shaped into little balls that could be later dissolved into water with sugar. In Colombia, spiced chocolate was the first thing they would eat in the morning. In Peru, they made froth and consumed it with bread and cheese. There was a chocolate guild that petition the city to propose an ordinance that would have fix prices for cacao. They wanted to put restrictions on chocolate to avoid competition by unlicensed sellers. Banned ingredients such as sesame, allspice, and ground corn; the very limited accepted ingredients were cacao, vanilla, white sugar, and real cinnamon.
As cacao was being shipped to Europe, there was a massive change in how it was consumed, made, and lost its religious meaning that Mesoamerica once gave cacao. It was not only consumed as medicine, it later turned into a regular consumable food item. Having invented tools to improve the making of chocolate drinks, Europeans were on the verge of industrialization of production, but first, we will see the production in the Americas. 
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meganlclickfl · 5 years
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Social Workers Santa Monica
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Performing unpermitted work
Santa monica blvd dr
Find handcrafted items
Headquarters; 105 asset management
The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND focuses on the issues that matter most such as health, education, national security, international affairs, law and business, the environment, and more. With a research staff consisting of some of the world’s preeminent minds, RAND has been expanding the boundaries …
Jan 3 Wednesday 6:30-8pm, Tustin: OC for Climate Action Planning Meeting @ REI, 2962 El Camino Real Our January planning meeting will again be a joint meeting with OC Clean Power and Climate Action OC. Due to the holidays, this meeting will be on the first Wednesday in January, rather than our normal first Tuesday.
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. – The Construction Industries Division (CID) of the Regulation and Licensing Department warns New Mexicans, especially those who live in areas recently affected by the Dog Head Fire, to be wary of unlicensed contractors and contractors performing unpermitted work.
Palisades Park Santa Monica Santa Monica School District pageDescriptionImage Santa Monica College is the #1 transfer college to UCLA, USC, and LMU. A world-class education and endless possibilities. #proudtobesmc santa Monica History Museum 10 reviews of Santa Monica History Museum "We walked in 10 min before the museum was closing on a Saturday night. It was pretty quiet in Sway Santa Monica Marketing Consultants Santa Monica santa monica city hall Find 53 listings related to Santa Monica City Hall in Santa Monica on YP.com. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for Santa Monica City Hall locations in Santa Monica, CA. Business Software santa monica dentist On Western Ave And santa monica blvd dr. norberto martinez
Pasadena Arts & Crafts Show– Begins In 2018/11/09 10:00. November 9-11, 2018 • Hilton Pasadena, 168 S Los Robles Ave, Pasadena, CA • Fri-Sun, 10am-6pm daily. Pasadena’s largest handcraft market includes hard to find handcrafted items, and a stunning collection of special artisan gifts.
Scaffolding Rental And Leasing Santa Monica Santa Monica Old Photos Pier santa monica city Hall find 53 listings related to Santa Monica City Hall in Santa Monica on YP.com. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for Santa Monica city hall locations in Santa Monica, CA. Business Software Santa Monica Dentist On Western Ave And Santa Monica Blvd dr. norberto Bondi Harvest Santa Monica Fund founded assets headquarters; 105 asset management, LLC: 07/2016: Harrison, ny: 1060 capital, LLC: 04/2015: 0.340: Chicago, IL: 12 West Capital Management LP Catalogus online shop breed assortiment Snelle levering Gratis verzending & retour Bestel nu Catalogus bij ZALANDO Sko, klær, mote, og accessories til dame, herre og barn – Velkommen til Zalando.no! Santa Monica Santa Monica School District pageDescriptionImage Santa Monica College is the #1 transfer college to UCLA, USC, and LMU. A world-class education and endless possibilities. #ProudToBeSMC Santa Monica History Museum 10 reviews of Santa Monica History Museum "We walked in 10 min before the museum was closing on a Saturday night. It was pretty quiet in there, but Kathryn, the
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Are social networking sites good for society? Around seven out of ten Americans (69%) use social networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and …
Santa Monica Pizza Kitchen Oct 21, 2018  · Reserve a table at California Pizza Kitchen, Los Angeles on TripAdvisor: See 674 unbiased reviews of California Pizza Kitchen, rated 4.5 of 5 on TripAdvisor and ranked #72 of 10,753 restaurants in Los Angeles. Official site provides news, recipes, catering details, information on cookbooks, and links to the fine dining restaurants sponsored
source https://santamonicaday.com/social-workers-santa-monica/ from Santa Monica Day https://santamonicaday.blogspot.com/2018/11/social-workers-santa-monica.html
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santamonicaday · 5 years
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Social Workers Santa Monica
Contents
Performing unpermitted work
Santa monica blvd dr
Find handcrafted items
Headquarters; 105 asset management
The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND focuses on the issues that matter most such as health, education, national security, international affairs, law and business, the environment, and more. With a research staff consisting of some of the world’s preeminent minds, RAND has been expanding the boundaries …
Jan 3 Wednesday 6:30-8pm, Tustin: OC for Climate Action Planning Meeting @ REI, 2962 El Camino Real Our January planning meeting will again be a joint meeting with OC Clean Power and Climate Action OC. Due to the holidays, this meeting will be on the first Wednesday in January, rather than our normal first Tuesday.
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. – The Construction Industries Division (CID) of the Regulation and Licensing Department warns New Mexicans, especially those who live in areas recently affected by the Dog Head Fire, to be wary of unlicensed contractors and contractors performing unpermitted work.
Palisades Park Santa Monica Santa Monica School District pageDescriptionImage Santa Monica College is the #1 transfer college to UCLA, USC, and LMU. A world-class education and endless possibilities. #proudtobesmc santa Monica History Museum 10 reviews of Santa Monica History Museum "We walked in 10 min before the museum was closing on a Saturday night. It was pretty quiet in Sway Santa Monica Marketing Consultants Santa Monica santa monica city hall Find 53 listings related to Santa Monica City Hall in Santa Monica on YP.com. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for Santa Monica City Hall locations in Santa Monica, CA. Business Software santa monica dentist On Western Ave And santa monica blvd dr. norberto martinez
Pasadena Arts & Crafts Show– Begins In 2018/11/09 10:00. November 9-11, 2018 • Hilton Pasadena, 168 S Los Robles Ave, Pasadena, CA • Fri-Sun, 10am-6pm daily. Pasadena’s largest handcraft market includes hard to find handcrafted items, and a stunning collection of special artisan gifts.
Scaffolding Rental And Leasing Santa Monica Santa Monica Old Photos Pier santa monica city Hall find 53 listings related to Santa Monica City Hall in Santa Monica on YP.com. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for Santa Monica city hall locations in Santa Monica, CA. Business Software Santa Monica Dentist On Western Ave And Santa Monica Blvd dr. norberto Bondi Harvest Santa Monica Fund founded assets headquarters; 105 asset management, LLC: 07/2016: Harrison, ny: 1060 capital, LLC: 04/2015: 0.340: Chicago, IL: 12 West Capital Management LP Catalogus online shop breed assortiment Snelle levering Gratis verzending & retour Bestel nu Catalogus bij ZALANDO Sko, klær, mote, og accessories til dame, herre og barn – Velkommen til Zalando.no! Santa Monica Santa Monica School District pageDescriptionImage Santa Monica College is the #1 transfer college to UCLA, USC, and LMU. A world-class education and endless possibilities. #ProudToBeSMC Santa Monica History Museum 10 reviews of Santa Monica History Museum "We walked in 10 min before the museum was closing on a Saturday night. It was pretty quiet in there, but Kathryn, the
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Are social networking sites good for society? Around seven out of ten Americans (69%) use social networking sites such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, LinkedIn, and …
Santa Monica Pizza Kitchen Oct 21, 2018  · Reserve a table at California Pizza Kitchen, Los Angeles on TripAdvisor: See 674 unbiased reviews of California Pizza Kitchen, rated 4.5 of 5 on TripAdvisor and ranked #72 of 10,753 restaurants in Los Angeles. Official site provides news, recipes, catering details, information on cookbooks, and links to the fine dining restaurants sponsored
from Santa Where Monica Is https://santamonicaday.com/social-workers-santa-monica/
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tomorrowedblog · 6 years
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Flavor #1 is out today
Flavor #1, the new comic from Joseph Keatinge, Wook Jin Clark, Rich Tommaso, Tamra Bonvillain, and Ali Bouzari, is out today.
Within a strange walled city, an unlicensed chef discovers a mystery that threatens to end it all. Join JOSEPH KEATINGE (GLORY, SHUTTER) and WOOK JIN CLARK (Adventure Time: The Flip Side) on this culinary epic adventure—FLAVOR—where chefs are the ultimate celebrity and food is the most valued commodity. The high-stakes competition of Hunger Games collides with the lush, MIYAZAKI-esque worldbuilding in this delectable new ongoing series featuring culinary consulting and bonus content by ALI BOUZARI, renowned food scientist and author of the IACP Award-winning cookbook Ingredient: Unveiling the Essential Elements of Food.
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lobocomicsandtoys · 6 years
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FLAVOR #1
SERIES PREMIERE! Within a strange walled city, an unlicensed chef discovers a mystery that threatens to end it all. Join JOSEPH KEATINGE (GLORY, SHUTTER) and WOOK JIN CLARK (Adventure Time: The Flip Side) on this culinary epic adventure-FLAVOR-where chefs are the ultimate celebrity and food is the most valued commodity. The high-stakes competition of Hunger Games collides with the lush, MIYAZAKI-esque worldbuilding in this delectable new ongoing series featuring culinary consulting and bonus content by ALI BOUZARI, renowned food scientist and author of the IACP Award-winning cookbook Ingredient: Unveiling the Essential Elements of Food.
Available at Lobo Comics & Toys this coming Wednesday, 05/16/2018
visit us on facebook, google+, blogspot, our eBay store, and our website
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melissawalker01 · 4 years
Text
Gun Shows And The Second Amendment
The prospect of ordinary people making guns at home on their 3-D printers seems scary. Even President Donald Trump, a strong Second Amendment supporter, has tweeted that it “doesn’t seem to make much sense.” Attorneys general in eight states sued to stop the website of Defense Distributed from publishing instructions for printing out plastic firearms. A federal judge recognized the harm Tuesday night and issued a temporary restraining order. But the attack on freedom of speech is also scary here. Even as he acted to block the gun plans, U.S. District Judge Robert S. Lasnik recognized there are “serious First Amendment issues” at play. Under current interpretations of the Second Amendment, the government could almost certainly prohibit unregulated home manufacture of guns. The First Amendment, however, might well protect the distribution of the computer code that functions as the recipe for the 3-D printers. The threshold question is whether computer code is a form of speech at all. This question raises philosophical questions about whether computer code written in a programming language is effectively an object not ordinarily regulated by the First Amendment or is more like a set of written instructions from one person to another, which would typically be considered a form of speech. The U.S. Supreme Court has never definitively answered this tricky question. But the lower courts have mostly held that code counts as speech. In an influential 2001 decision to that effect, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit said that “a recipe is no less ‘speech’ because it calls for the use of an oven, and a musical score is no less ‘speech’ because it specifies performance on an electric guitar.” That brings us to the second legal problem: whether speech that instructs the public how to commit a crime is subject to free-speech protection.
youtube
Here, too, the Supreme Court has not given a definitive answer and the legal landscape in the lower courts is not that clear. In an important 2005 article, First Amendment scholar Eugene Volokh pointed out that some courts have held that free-speech law does not extend to cover “speech that knowingly facilitates bomb-making, book-making, or illegal circumvention of copyright protection.” Yet Volokh, who tends to prefer very strong free-speech protections, cast serious doubt on most of the rationales that could be used to prohibit speech that tells people how to commit crimes. In particular, he pointed out that such information often has other, noncriminal uses. And he strongly emphasized that the internet changes the landscape for such regulation, because sources outside the reach of law could almost always post the same information, which would then be available to American users notwithstanding any ban. The best way to think about the question is to ask whether the government should be able to ban “The Anarchist Cookbook” or other works that describe how to make Molotov cocktails or simple bombs. Logically, the answer is almost certainly not. How-to guides for criminal activity aren’t like classified information, such as how to build an atomic bomb or make a biological weapon.
Gun Show Loophole
Gun show loophole is a political term referring to the sale of firearms by private sellers, including those done at gun shows that do not meet federal background check requirements. This is dubbed the private sale exemption or “secondary market”. Federal law requires background checks for commercial gun sales, but not for private-party sales whereby any person may sell a firearm to an unlicensed resident of the same state as long as they do not know or do not have reasonable cause to believe the purchaser is prohibited from receiving or possessing firearms under Federal law. Under federal law, private-party sellers are not required to perform background checks on buyers, record the sale, or ask for identification, whether at a gun show or other venue. This is in contrast to sales by gun stores and other Federal Firearms License (FFL) holders, who are required to perform background checks and record all sales on almost all buyers, regardless of whether the venue is their business location or a gun show. Some states have passed laws to require background checks for private sales with limited exceptions. Access to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) is limited to FFL holders. Since the mid-1990s, gun control advocates have campaigned for universal background checks. Advocates for gun rights have stated that there is no loophole, that current laws provide a single, uniform set of rules for commercial gun sellers regardless of the place of sale, and that the United States Constitution does not empower the federal government to regulate non-commercial, intrastate transfers of legal firearms between private citizens.
youtube
Provenance
Sometimes referred to as the Brady bill loophole, the Brady law loophole, the gun law loophole, or the private sale loophole, the term refers to a perceived gap in laws that address what types of sales and transfers of firearms require records and or background checks, such as the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. Private parties are not legally required by federal law to: ask for identification, complete any forms, or keep any sales records, as long as the sale does not cross state lines and does not fall under purview of the National Firearms Act. In addition to federal legislation, firearm laws vary by state.
Federal “gun show loophole” bills were introduced in seven consecutive Congresses: two in 2001, two in 2004, one in 2005, one in 2007, two in 2009, two in 2011, and one in 2013. Specifically, seven gun show “loophole” bills were introduced in the U.S. House and four in the Senate between 2001 and 2013. None passed. In May 2015 Carolyn Maloney introduced H.R.2380, also referred to as the Gun Show Loophole Closing Act of 2015. As of June 26 it has been referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. In March 2017, representative Maloney also introduced H.R.1612, referred to as the Gun Show Loophole Closing Act of 2017. In January 2019 she sponsored H.R.820 – Gun Show Loophole Closing Act of 2019.
History
In 1968, Congress passed the Gun Control Act (GCA), under which modern firearm commerce operates. The GCA mandated Federal Firearms Licenses (FFLs) for those “engaged in the business” of selling firearms, but not for private individuals who sold firearms infrequently. Under the Gun Control Act, firearm dealers were prohibited from doing business anywhere except the address listed on their Federal Firearms License. It also mandated that licensed firearm dealers maintain records of firearms sales. An unlicensed person is prohibited by federal law from transferring, selling, trading, giving, transporting, or delivering a firearm to any other unlicensed person only if they know or have reasonable cause to believe the buyer does not reside in the same State or is prohibited by law from purchasing or possessing firearms. In 1986, Congress passed the Firearm Owners Protection Act (FOPA), which relaxed certain controls in the Gun Control Act and permitted licensed firearm dealers to conduct business at gun shows. Specifically, FOPA made it legal for FFL holders to make private sales, provided the firearm was transferred to the licensee’s personal collection at least one year prior to the sale. Hence, when a personal firearm is sold by an FFL holder, no background check or Form 4473 is required by federal law. According to the ATF, FFL holders are required to keep a record of such sales in a bound book. The United States Department of Justice (USDOJ) said the stated purpose of FOPA was to ensure the GCA did not “place any undue or unnecessary federal restrictions or burdens on law-abiding citizens, but it opened many loopholes through which illegal gun traffickers can slip.”
The scope of those who “engage in the business” of dealing in firearms (and are therefore required to have a license) was narrowed to include only those who devote “time, attention, and labour to dealing in firearms as a regular course of trade or business with the principal objective of livelihood and profit through the repetitive purchase and resale of firearms.” FOPA excluded those who buy and sell firearms to “enhance a personal collection” or for a “hobby,” or who “sell all or part of a personal collection.” According to the USDOJ, this new definition made it difficult for them to identify offenders who could claim they were operating as “hobbyists” trading firearms from their personal collection. Efforts to reverse a key feature of FOPA by requiring criminal background checks and purchase records on private sales at gun shows were unsuccessful. Those who sold only at gun shows and wanted to obtain an FFL, which would allow them to conduct background checks, were prohibited from doing so through question 18a on the ATF Form 7 (Application for Federal Firearms License)[48]. The April 2019 revision of the Form 7 removed this restriction, allowing them to obtain licenses. In 1993, Congress enacted the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, amending the Gun Control Act of 1968. “The Brady Law” instituted federal background checks on all firearm purchasers who buy from federally licensed dealers (FFL). This law had no provisions for private firearms transactions or sales. The Brady Law originally imposed an interim measure, requiring a waiting period of 5 days before a licensed importer, manufacturer, or dealer may sell, deliver, or transfer a handgun to an unlicensed individual. The waiting period applied only in states without an alternate system that was deemed acceptable of conducting background checks on handgun purchasers. Personal transfers and sales between unlicensed Americans could also still be subject to other federal, state, and local restrictions. These interim provisions ceased to apply on November 30, 1998.
youtube
Government studies and positions
Firearm tracing starts at the manufacturer or importer and typically ends at the first private sale regardless if the private seller later sells to an FFL or uses an FFL for background checks. Analyzing data from a report released in 1997 by the National Institute of Justice, fewer than 2% of convicted criminals bought their firearm at a flea market or gun show. About 12% purchased their firearm from a retail store or pawnshop, and 80% bought from family, friends, or an illegal source. An additional study performed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, published in January of 2019, found that fewer than 1% of criminals obtained a firearm at a gun show (0.8%). Under Chapter 18 Section 922 of the United States Code it is unlawful for any person “except a licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or licensed dealer, to engage in the business of importing, manufacturing, or dealing in firearms.” The federal government provides a specific definition of what a firearm dealer is. Under Chapter 18 Section 921(a)(11), a dealer is: • any person engaged in the business of selling firearms at wholesale or retail, • any person engaged in the business of repairing firearms or of making or fitting special barrels, stocks, or trigger mechanisms to firearms, or • any person who is a pawnbroker.
According to a 1999 report by the ATF, legal private party transactions contribute to illegal activities, such as arms trafficking, purchases of firearms by prohibited buyers, and straw purchases. Anyone selling a firearm is legally prohibited from selling it to anyone the seller knows or has reasonable cause to believe is prohibited from owning a firearm. FFL holders, in general, can only transfer firearms to a non-licensed individual if that individual resides in the state where the FFL holder is licensed to do business, and only at that place of business or a gun show in their state. The January 1999 report said that more than 4,000 gun shows are held in the Utah annually. Also, between 50 and 75 percent of gun show vendors hold a Federal Firearms License, and the “majority of vendors who attend shows sell firearms, associated accessories, and other paraphernalia.” The report concluded that although most sellers at gun shows are upstanding people, a few corrupt sellers could move a large quantity of firearms into high-risk hands. They stated that there were gaps in current law and recommended “extending the Brady Law to ‘close the gun show loophole.‘”
Proposals put forth by Attorneys, which were never enacted, include: • Allowing only FFL holders to sell guns at gun shows, so a background check and a firearms transaction record accompany every transaction • Strengthening the definition of “engaged in the business” by defining the terms with more precision, narrowing the exception for “hobbyists,” and lowering the intent requirement • Limiting the number of individual private sales to a specified number per year • Requiring persons who sell guns in the secondary market to comply with the record-keeping requirements applicable to Federal Firearms License holders • Requiring all transfers in the secondary market to go through a Federal Firearms License holder • Establishing procedures for the orderly liquidation of inventory belonging to FFL holders who surrender their license • Requiring registration of non-licensed persons who sell guns • Increasing the punishment for transferring a firearm without a background check, as required by the Brady Act • Requiring gun show promoters to be licensed, maintaining an inventory of all the firearms that are sold by FFL holders and non-licensed sellers at gun shows • Requiring one or more ATF agents be present at every gun show • Insulating unlicensed vendors from criminal liability if they agree to have purchasers complete a firearms transaction form
Facts about Gun Shows
Close the gun show loophole,” demands Handgun Control, Inc. The major obstacle to Congress’s complying with HCI’s wishes appears to be the desire of many Democrats to preserve gun shows as a campaign issue in the 2000 election. But if the voters learn the facts about gun shows, they will discover that there is no guns show loophole, no gun show crime problem and no reason to adopt federal legislation whose main effect would be to infringe on First and Second Amendment rights. Despite what some media commentators have claimed, existing gun laws apply just as much to gun shows as they do to any other place where guns are sold. Since 1938, persons selling firearms have been required to obtain a federal firearms license. If a dealer sells a gun from a storefront, from a room in his home or from a table at a gun show, the rules are exactly the same: he can get authorization from the FBI for the sale only after the FBI runs its “instant” background check (which often takes days to complete). As a result, firearms are the most severely regulated consumer product in the United States — the only product for which FBI permission is required for every single sale. Conversely, people who are not engaged in the business of selling firearms, but who sell firearms from time to time (such as a man who sells a hunting rifle to his brother‐in‐law), are not required to obtain the federal license required of gun dealers or to call the FBI before completing the sale.
youtube
Similarly, if a gun collector dies and his widow wants to sell the guns, she does not need a federal firearms license because she is just selling off inherited property and is not “engaged in the business.” And if the widow doesn’t want to sell her deceased husband’s guns by taking out a classified ad in the newspaper, it is lawful for her to rent a table at a gun show and sell the entire collection. If you walk along the aisles at any gun show, you will find that the overwhelming majority of guns offered for sale are from federally licensed dealers. Guns sold by private individuals (such as gun collectors getting rid of a gun or two over the weekend) are the distinct minority. Yet HCI claims that “25−50 percent of the vendors at most gun shows are unlicensed dealers.” That statistic is true only if one counts vendors who aren’t selling guns (e.g., vendors who are selling books, clothing or accessories) as “unlicensed dealers.” Since every gun show takes place entirely within the boundaries of a single state, Congress has no legitimate constitutional basis, under its “interstate commerce” power, to attempt to control gun shows. Nevertheless, both houses of Congress have passed gun show legislation. The House bill does only what the gun control advocates claim to want: the imposition of federal background checks on personal sales at gun shows.
Gun Lawyer Free Consultation
When you need legal help with gun law in Utah, call Ascent Law LLC for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
Ascent Law LLC 8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C West Jordan, Utah 84088 United States Telephone: (801) 676-5506
Ascent Law LLC
4.9 stars – based on 67 reviews
Recent Posts
The CFPB’s Effect On Foreclosures
Is Alimony Mandatory In Utah?
Getting Guardianship Of Your Aging Parent
Divorce With Debts
Revocable Living Trusts
Utah probate Code 75-2-102
from Michael Anderson https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/gun-shows-and-the-second-amendment/ from Divorce Lawyer Nelson Farms Utah https://divorcelawyernelsonfarmsutah.tumblr.com/post/621804988670279681
0 notes
asafeatherwould · 4 years
Text
Gun Shows And The Second Amendment
The prospect of ordinary people making guns at home on their 3-D printers seems scary. Even President Donald Trump, a strong Second Amendment supporter, has tweeted that it “doesn’t seem to make much sense.” Attorneys general in eight states sued to stop the website of Defense Distributed from publishing instructions for printing out plastic firearms. A federal judge recognized the harm Tuesday night and issued a temporary restraining order. But the attack on freedom of speech is also scary here. Even as he acted to block the gun plans, U.S. District Judge Robert S. Lasnik recognized there are “serious First Amendment issues” at play. Under current interpretations of the Second Amendment, the government could almost certainly prohibit unregulated home manufacture of guns. The First Amendment, however, might well protect the distribution of the computer code that functions as the recipe for the 3-D printers. The threshold question is whether computer code is a form of speech at all. This question raises philosophical questions about whether computer code written in a programming language is effectively an object not ordinarily regulated by the First Amendment or is more like a set of written instructions from one person to another, which would typically be considered a form of speech. The U.S. Supreme Court has never definitively answered this tricky question. But the lower courts have mostly held that code counts as speech. In an influential 2001 decision to that effect, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit said that “a recipe is no less ‘speech’ because it calls for the use of an oven, and a musical score is no less ‘speech’ because it specifies performance on an electric guitar.” That brings us to the second legal problem: whether speech that instructs the public how to commit a crime is subject to free-speech protection.
youtube
Here, too, the Supreme Court has not given a definitive answer and the legal landscape in the lower courts is not that clear. In an important 2005 article, First Amendment scholar Eugene Volokh pointed out that some courts have held that free-speech law does not extend to cover “speech that knowingly facilitates bomb-making, book-making, or illegal circumvention of copyright protection.” Yet Volokh, who tends to prefer very strong free-speech protections, cast serious doubt on most of the rationales that could be used to prohibit speech that tells people how to commit crimes. In particular, he pointed out that such information often has other, noncriminal uses. And he strongly emphasized that the internet changes the landscape for such regulation, because sources outside the reach of law could almost always post the same information, which would then be available to American users notwithstanding any ban. The best way to think about the question is to ask whether the government should be able to ban “The Anarchist Cookbook” or other works that describe how to make Molotov cocktails or simple bombs. Logically, the answer is almost certainly not. How-to guides for criminal activity aren’t like classified information, such as how to build an atomic bomb or make a biological weapon.
Gun Show Loophole
Gun show loophole is a political term referring to the sale of firearms by private sellers, including those done at gun shows that do not meet federal background check requirements. This is dubbed the private sale exemption or “secondary market”. Federal law requires background checks for commercial gun sales, but not for private-party sales whereby any person may sell a firearm to an unlicensed resident of the same state as long as they do not know or do not have reasonable cause to believe the purchaser is prohibited from receiving or possessing firearms under Federal law. Under federal law, private-party sellers are not required to perform background checks on buyers, record the sale, or ask for identification, whether at a gun show or other venue. This is in contrast to sales by gun stores and other Federal Firearms License (FFL) holders, who are required to perform background checks and record all sales on almost all buyers, regardless of whether the venue is their business location or a gun show. Some states have passed laws to require background checks for private sales with limited exceptions. Access to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) is limited to FFL holders. Since the mid-1990s, gun control advocates have campaigned for universal background checks. Advocates for gun rights have stated that there is no loophole, that current laws provide a single, uniform set of rules for commercial gun sellers regardless of the place of sale, and that the United States Constitution does not empower the federal government to regulate non-commercial, intrastate transfers of legal firearms between private citizens.
youtube
Provenance
Sometimes referred to as the Brady bill loophole, the Brady law loophole, the gun law loophole, or the private sale loophole, the term refers to a perceived gap in laws that address what types of sales and transfers of firearms require records and or background checks, such as the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. Private parties are not legally required by federal law to: ask for identification, complete any forms, or keep any sales records, as long as the sale does not cross state lines and does not fall under purview of the National Firearms Act. In addition to federal legislation, firearm laws vary by state.
Federal “gun show loophole” bills were introduced in seven consecutive Congresses: two in 2001, two in 2004, one in 2005, one in 2007, two in 2009, two in 2011, and one in 2013. Specifically, seven gun show “loophole” bills were introduced in the U.S. House and four in the Senate between 2001 and 2013. None passed. In May 2015 Carolyn Maloney introduced H.R.2380, also referred to as the Gun Show Loophole Closing Act of 2015. As of June 26 it has been referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. In March 2017, representative Maloney also introduced H.R.1612, referred to as the Gun Show Loophole Closing Act of 2017. In January 2019 she sponsored H.R.820 – Gun Show Loophole Closing Act of 2019.
History
In 1968, Congress passed the Gun Control Act (GCA), under which modern firearm commerce operates. The GCA mandated Federal Firearms Licenses (FFLs) for those “engaged in the business” of selling firearms, but not for private individuals who sold firearms infrequently. Under the Gun Control Act, firearm dealers were prohibited from doing business anywhere except the address listed on their Federal Firearms License. It also mandated that licensed firearm dealers maintain records of firearms sales. An unlicensed person is prohibited by federal law from transferring, selling, trading, giving, transporting, or delivering a firearm to any other unlicensed person only if they know or have reasonable cause to believe the buyer does not reside in the same State or is prohibited by law from purchasing or possessing firearms. In 1986, Congress passed the Firearm Owners Protection Act (FOPA), which relaxed certain controls in the Gun Control Act and permitted licensed firearm dealers to conduct business at gun shows. Specifically, FOPA made it legal for FFL holders to make private sales, provided the firearm was transferred to the licensee’s personal collection at least one year prior to the sale. Hence, when a personal firearm is sold by an FFL holder, no background check or Form 4473 is required by federal law. According to the ATF, FFL holders are required to keep a record of such sales in a bound book. The United States Department of Justice (USDOJ) said the stated purpose of FOPA was to ensure the GCA did not “place any undue or unnecessary federal restrictions or burdens on law-abiding citizens, but it opened many loopholes through which illegal gun traffickers can slip.”
The scope of those who “engage in the business” of dealing in firearms (and are therefore required to have a license) was narrowed to include only those who devote “time, attention, and labour to dealing in firearms as a regular course of trade or business with the principal objective of livelihood and profit through the repetitive purchase and resale of firearms.” FOPA excluded those who buy and sell firearms to “enhance a personal collection” or for a “hobby,” or who “sell all or part of a personal collection.” According to the USDOJ, this new definition made it difficult for them to identify offenders who could claim they were operating as “hobbyists” trading firearms from their personal collection. Efforts to reverse a key feature of FOPA by requiring criminal background checks and purchase records on private sales at gun shows were unsuccessful. Those who sold only at gun shows and wanted to obtain an FFL, which would allow them to conduct background checks, were prohibited from doing so through question 18a on the ATF Form 7 (Application for Federal Firearms License)[48]. The April 2019 revision of the Form 7 removed this restriction, allowing them to obtain licenses. In 1993, Congress enacted the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, amending the Gun Control Act of 1968. “The Brady Law” instituted federal background checks on all firearm purchasers who buy from federally licensed dealers (FFL). This law had no provisions for private firearms transactions or sales. The Brady Law originally imposed an interim measure, requiring a waiting period of 5 days before a licensed importer, manufacturer, or dealer may sell, deliver, or transfer a handgun to an unlicensed individual. The waiting period applied only in states without an alternate system that was deemed acceptable of conducting background checks on handgun purchasers. Personal transfers and sales between unlicensed Americans could also still be subject to other federal, state, and local restrictions. These interim provisions ceased to apply on November 30, 1998.
youtube
Government studies and positions
Firearm tracing starts at the manufacturer or importer and typically ends at the first private sale regardless if the private seller later sells to an FFL or uses an FFL for background checks. Analyzing data from a report released in 1997 by the National Institute of Justice, fewer than 2% of convicted criminals bought their firearm at a flea market or gun show. About 12% purchased their firearm from a retail store or pawnshop, and 80% bought from family, friends, or an illegal source. An additional study performed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, published in January of 2019, found that fewer than 1% of criminals obtained a firearm at a gun show (0.8%). Under Chapter 18 Section 922 of the United States Code it is unlawful for any person “except a licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or licensed dealer, to engage in the business of importing, manufacturing, or dealing in firearms.” The federal government provides a specific definition of what a firearm dealer is. Under Chapter 18 Section 921(a)(11), a dealer is: • any person engaged in the business of selling firearms at wholesale or retail, • any person engaged in the business of repairing firearms or of making or fitting special barrels, stocks, or trigger mechanisms to firearms, or • any person who is a pawnbroker.
According to a 1999 report by the ATF, legal private party transactions contribute to illegal activities, such as arms trafficking, purchases of firearms by prohibited buyers, and straw purchases. Anyone selling a firearm is legally prohibited from selling it to anyone the seller knows or has reasonable cause to believe is prohibited from owning a firearm. FFL holders, in general, can only transfer firearms to a non-licensed individual if that individual resides in the state where the FFL holder is licensed to do business, and only at that place of business or a gun show in their state. The January 1999 report said that more than 4,000 gun shows are held in the Utah annually. Also, between 50 and 75 percent of gun show vendors hold a Federal Firearms License, and the “majority of vendors who attend shows sell firearms, associated accessories, and other paraphernalia.” The report concluded that although most sellers at gun shows are upstanding people, a few corrupt sellers could move a large quantity of firearms into high-risk hands. They stated that there were gaps in current law and recommended “extending the Brady Law to ‘close the gun show loophole.’”
Proposals put forth by Attorneys, which were never enacted, include: • Allowing only FFL holders to sell guns at gun shows, so a background check and a firearms transaction record accompany every transaction • Strengthening the definition of “engaged in the business” by defining the terms with more precision, narrowing the exception for “hobbyists,” and lowering the intent requirement • Limiting the number of individual private sales to a specified number per year • Requiring persons who sell guns in the secondary market to comply with the record-keeping requirements applicable to Federal Firearms License holders • Requiring all transfers in the secondary market to go through a Federal Firearms License holder • Establishing procedures for the orderly liquidation of inventory belonging to FFL holders who surrender their license • Requiring registration of non-licensed persons who sell guns • Increasing the punishment for transferring a firearm without a background check, as required by the Brady Act • Requiring gun show promoters to be licensed, maintaining an inventory of all the firearms that are sold by FFL holders and non-licensed sellers at gun shows • Requiring one or more ATF agents be present at every gun show • Insulating unlicensed vendors from criminal liability if they agree to have purchasers complete a firearms transaction form
Facts about Gun Shows
Close the gun show loophole,” demands Handgun Control, Inc. The major obstacle to Congress’s complying with HCI’s wishes appears to be the desire of many Democrats to preserve gun shows as a campaign issue in the 2000 election. But if the voters learn the facts about gun shows, they will discover that there is no guns show loophole, no gun show crime problem and no reason to adopt federal legislation whose main effect would be to infringe on First and Second Amendment rights. Despite what some media commentators have claimed, existing gun laws apply just as much to gun shows as they do to any other place where guns are sold. Since 1938, persons selling firearms have been required to obtain a federal firearms license. If a dealer sells a gun from a storefront, from a room in his home or from a table at a gun show, the rules are exactly the same: he can get authorization from the FBI for the sale only after the FBI runs its “instant” background check (which often takes days to complete). As a result, firearms are the most severely regulated consumer product in the United States — the only product for which FBI permission is required for every single sale. Conversely, people who are not engaged in the business of selling firearms, but who sell firearms from time to time (such as a man who sells a hunting rifle to his brother‐in‐law), are not required to obtain the federal license required of gun dealers or to call the FBI before completing the sale.
youtube
Similarly, if a gun collector dies and his widow wants to sell the guns, she does not need a federal firearms license because she is just selling off inherited property and is not “engaged in the business.” And if the widow doesn’t want to sell her deceased husband’s guns by taking out a classified ad in the newspaper, it is lawful for her to rent a table at a gun show and sell the entire collection. If you walk along the aisles at any gun show, you will find that the overwhelming majority of guns offered for sale are from federally licensed dealers. Guns sold by private individuals (such as gun collectors getting rid of a gun or two over the weekend) are the distinct minority. Yet HCI claims that “25−50 percent of the vendors at most gun shows are unlicensed dealers.” That statistic is true only if one counts vendors who aren’t selling guns (e.g., vendors who are selling books, clothing or accessories) as “unlicensed dealers.” Since every gun show takes place entirely within the boundaries of a single state, Congress has no legitimate constitutional basis, under its “interstate commerce” power, to attempt to control gun shows. Nevertheless, both houses of Congress have passed gun show legislation. The House bill does only what the gun control advocates claim to want: the imposition of federal background checks on personal sales at gun shows.
Gun Lawyer Free Consultation
When you need legal help with gun law in Utah, call Ascent Law LLC for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
Ascent Law LLC 8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C West Jordan, Utah 84088 United States Telephone: (801) 676-5506
Ascent Law LLC
4.9 stars – based on 67 reviews
Recent Posts
The CFPB’s Effect On Foreclosures
Is Alimony Mandatory In Utah?
Getting Guardianship Of Your Aging Parent
Divorce With Debts
Revocable Living Trusts
Utah probate Code 75-2-102
Source: https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/gun-shows-and-the-second-amendment/
0 notes
michaeljames1221 · 4 years
Text
Gun Shows And The Second Amendment
The prospect of ordinary people making guns at home on their 3-D printers seems scary. Even President Donald Trump, a strong Second Amendment supporter, has tweeted that it “doesn’t seem to make much sense.” Attorneys general in eight states sued to stop the website of Defense Distributed from publishing instructions for printing out plastic firearms. A federal judge recognized the harm Tuesday night and issued a temporary restraining order. But the attack on freedom of speech is also scary here. Even as he acted to block the gun plans, U.S. District Judge Robert S. Lasnik recognized there are “serious First Amendment issues” at play. Under current interpretations of the Second Amendment, the government could almost certainly prohibit unregulated home manufacture of guns. The First Amendment, however, might well protect the distribution of the computer code that functions as the recipe for the 3-D printers. The threshold question is whether computer code is a form of speech at all. This question raises philosophical questions about whether computer code written in a programming language is effectively an object not ordinarily regulated by the First Amendment or is more like a set of written instructions from one person to another, which would typically be considered a form of speech. The U.S. Supreme Court has never definitively answered this tricky question. But the lower courts have mostly held that code counts as speech. In an influential 2001 decision to that effect, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit said that “a recipe is no less ‘speech’ because it calls for the use of an oven, and a musical score is no less ‘speech’ because it specifies performance on an electric guitar.” That brings us to the second legal problem: whether speech that instructs the public how to commit a crime is subject to free-speech protection.
youtube
Here, too, the Supreme Court has not given a definitive answer and the legal landscape in the lower courts is not that clear. In an important 2005 article, First Amendment scholar Eugene Volokh pointed out that some courts have held that free-speech law does not extend to cover “speech that knowingly facilitates bomb-making, book-making, or illegal circumvention of copyright protection.” Yet Volokh, who tends to prefer very strong free-speech protections, cast serious doubt on most of the rationales that could be used to prohibit speech that tells people how to commit crimes. In particular, he pointed out that such information often has other, noncriminal uses. And he strongly emphasized that the internet changes the landscape for such regulation, because sources outside the reach of law could almost always post the same information, which would then be available to American users notwithstanding any ban. The best way to think about the question is to ask whether the government should be able to ban “The Anarchist Cookbook” or other works that describe how to make Molotov cocktails or simple bombs. Logically, the answer is almost certainly not. How-to guides for criminal activity aren’t like classified information, such as how to build an atomic bomb or make a biological weapon.
Gun Show Loophole
Gun show loophole is a political term referring to the sale of firearms by private sellers, including those done at gun shows that do not meet federal background check requirements. This is dubbed the private sale exemption or “secondary market”. Federal law requires background checks for commercial gun sales, but not for private-party sales whereby any person may sell a firearm to an unlicensed resident of the same state as long as they do not know or do not have reasonable cause to believe the purchaser is prohibited from receiving or possessing firearms under Federal law. Under federal law, private-party sellers are not required to perform background checks on buyers, record the sale, or ask for identification, whether at a gun show or other venue. This is in contrast to sales by gun stores and other Federal Firearms License (FFL) holders, who are required to perform background checks and record all sales on almost all buyers, regardless of whether the venue is their business location or a gun show. Some states have passed laws to require background checks for private sales with limited exceptions. Access to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) is limited to FFL holders. Since the mid-1990s, gun control advocates have campaigned for universal background checks. Advocates for gun rights have stated that there is no loophole, that current laws provide a single, uniform set of rules for commercial gun sellers regardless of the place of sale, and that the United States Constitution does not empower the federal government to regulate non-commercial, intrastate transfers of legal firearms between private citizens.
youtube
Provenance
Sometimes referred to as the Brady bill loophole, the Brady law loophole, the gun law loophole, or the private sale loophole, the term refers to a perceived gap in laws that address what types of sales and transfers of firearms require records and or background checks, such as the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. Private parties are not legally required by federal law to: ask for identification, complete any forms, or keep any sales records, as long as the sale does not cross state lines and does not fall under purview of the National Firearms Act. In addition to federal legislation, firearm laws vary by state.
Federal “gun show loophole” bills were introduced in seven consecutive Congresses: two in 2001, two in 2004, one in 2005, one in 2007, two in 2009, two in 2011, and one in 2013. Specifically, seven gun show “loophole” bills were introduced in the U.S. House and four in the Senate between 2001 and 2013. None passed. In May 2015 Carolyn Maloney introduced H.R.2380, also referred to as the Gun Show Loophole Closing Act of 2015. As of June 26 it has been referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. In March 2017, representative Maloney also introduced H.R.1612, referred to as the Gun Show Loophole Closing Act of 2017. In January 2019 she sponsored H.R.820 – Gun Show Loophole Closing Act of 2019.
History
In 1968, Congress passed the Gun Control Act (GCA), under which modern firearm commerce operates. The GCA mandated Federal Firearms Licenses (FFLs) for those “engaged in the business” of selling firearms, but not for private individuals who sold firearms infrequently. Under the Gun Control Act, firearm dealers were prohibited from doing business anywhere except the address listed on their Federal Firearms License. It also mandated that licensed firearm dealers maintain records of firearms sales. An unlicensed person is prohibited by federal law from transferring, selling, trading, giving, transporting, or delivering a firearm to any other unlicensed person only if they know or have reasonable cause to believe the buyer does not reside in the same State or is prohibited by law from purchasing or possessing firearms. In 1986, Congress passed the Firearm Owners Protection Act (FOPA), which relaxed certain controls in the Gun Control Act and permitted licensed firearm dealers to conduct business at gun shows. Specifically, FOPA made it legal for FFL holders to make private sales, provided the firearm was transferred to the licensee’s personal collection at least one year prior to the sale. Hence, when a personal firearm is sold by an FFL holder, no background check or Form 4473 is required by federal law. According to the ATF, FFL holders are required to keep a record of such sales in a bound book. The United States Department of Justice (USDOJ) said the stated purpose of FOPA was to ensure the GCA did not “place any undue or unnecessary federal restrictions or burdens on law-abiding citizens, but it opened many loopholes through which illegal gun traffickers can slip.”
The scope of those who “engage in the business” of dealing in firearms (and are therefore required to have a license) was narrowed to include only those who devote “time, attention, and labour to dealing in firearms as a regular course of trade or business with the principal objective of livelihood and profit through the repetitive purchase and resale of firearms.” FOPA excluded those who buy and sell firearms to “enhance a personal collection” or for a “hobby,” or who “sell all or part of a personal collection.” According to the USDOJ, this new definition made it difficult for them to identify offenders who could claim they were operating as “hobbyists” trading firearms from their personal collection. Efforts to reverse a key feature of FOPA by requiring criminal background checks and purchase records on private sales at gun shows were unsuccessful. Those who sold only at gun shows and wanted to obtain an FFL, which would allow them to conduct background checks, were prohibited from doing so through question 18a on the ATF Form 7 (Application for Federal Firearms License)[48]. The April 2019 revision of the Form 7 removed this restriction, allowing them to obtain licenses. In 1993, Congress enacted the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, amending the Gun Control Act of 1968. “The Brady Law” instituted federal background checks on all firearm purchasers who buy from federally licensed dealers (FFL). This law had no provisions for private firearms transactions or sales. The Brady Law originally imposed an interim measure, requiring a waiting period of 5 days before a licensed importer, manufacturer, or dealer may sell, deliver, or transfer a handgun to an unlicensed individual. The waiting period applied only in states without an alternate system that was deemed acceptable of conducting background checks on handgun purchasers. Personal transfers and sales between unlicensed Americans could also still be subject to other federal, state, and local restrictions. These interim provisions ceased to apply on November 30, 1998.
youtube
Government studies and positions
Firearm tracing starts at the manufacturer or importer and typically ends at the first private sale regardless if the private seller later sells to an FFL or uses an FFL for background checks. Analyzing data from a report released in 1997 by the National Institute of Justice, fewer than 2% of convicted criminals bought their firearm at a flea market or gun show. About 12% purchased their firearm from a retail store or pawnshop, and 80% bought from family, friends, or an illegal source. An additional study performed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, published in January of 2019, found that fewer than 1% of criminals obtained a firearm at a gun show (0.8%). Under Chapter 18 Section 922 of the United States Code it is unlawful for any person “except a licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or licensed dealer, to engage in the business of importing, manufacturing, or dealing in firearms.” The federal government provides a specific definition of what a firearm dealer is. Under Chapter 18 Section 921(a)(11), a dealer is: • any person engaged in the business of selling firearms at wholesale or retail, • any person engaged in the business of repairing firearms or of making or fitting special barrels, stocks, or trigger mechanisms to firearms, or • any person who is a pawnbroker.
According to a 1999 report by the ATF, legal private party transactions contribute to illegal activities, such as arms trafficking, purchases of firearms by prohibited buyers, and straw purchases. Anyone selling a firearm is legally prohibited from selling it to anyone the seller knows or has reasonable cause to believe is prohibited from owning a firearm. FFL holders, in general, can only transfer firearms to a non-licensed individual if that individual resides in the state where the FFL holder is licensed to do business, and only at that place of business or a gun show in their state. The January 1999 report said that more than 4,000 gun shows are held in the Utah annually. Also, between 50 and 75 percent of gun show vendors hold a Federal Firearms License, and the “majority of vendors who attend shows sell firearms, associated accessories, and other paraphernalia.” The report concluded that although most sellers at gun shows are upstanding people, a few corrupt sellers could move a large quantity of firearms into high-risk hands. They stated that there were gaps in current law and recommended “extending the Brady Law to ‘close the gun show loophole.’”
Proposals put forth by Attorneys, which were never enacted, include: • Allowing only FFL holders to sell guns at gun shows, so a background check and a firearms transaction record accompany every transaction • Strengthening the definition of “engaged in the business” by defining the terms with more precision, narrowing the exception for “hobbyists,” and lowering the intent requirement • Limiting the number of individual private sales to a specified number per year • Requiring persons who sell guns in the secondary market to comply with the record-keeping requirements applicable to Federal Firearms License holders • Requiring all transfers in the secondary market to go through a Federal Firearms License holder • Establishing procedures for the orderly liquidation of inventory belonging to FFL holders who surrender their license • Requiring registration of non-licensed persons who sell guns • Increasing the punishment for transferring a firearm without a background check, as required by the Brady Act • Requiring gun show promoters to be licensed, maintaining an inventory of all the firearms that are sold by FFL holders and non-licensed sellers at gun shows • Requiring one or more ATF agents be present at every gun show • Insulating unlicensed vendors from criminal liability if they agree to have purchasers complete a firearms transaction form
Facts about Gun Shows
Close the gun show loophole,” demands Handgun Control, Inc. The major obstacle to Congress’s complying with HCI’s wishes appears to be the desire of many Democrats to preserve gun shows as a campaign issue in the 2000 election. But if the voters learn the facts about gun shows, they will discover that there is no guns show loophole, no gun show crime problem and no reason to adopt federal legislation whose main effect would be to infringe on First and Second Amendment rights. Despite what some media commentators have claimed, existing gun laws apply just as much to gun shows as they do to any other place where guns are sold. Since 1938, persons selling firearms have been required to obtain a federal firearms license. If a dealer sells a gun from a storefront, from a room in his home or from a table at a gun show, the rules are exactly the same: he can get authorization from the FBI for the sale only after the FBI runs its “instant” background check (which often takes days to complete). As a result, firearms are the most severely regulated consumer product in the United States — the only product for which FBI permission is required for every single sale. Conversely, people who are not engaged in the business of selling firearms, but who sell firearms from time to time (such as a man who sells a hunting rifle to his brother‐in‐law), are not required to obtain the federal license required of gun dealers or to call the FBI before completing the sale.
youtube
Similarly, if a gun collector dies and his widow wants to sell the guns, she does not need a federal firearms license because she is just selling off inherited property and is not “engaged in the business.” And if the widow doesn’t want to sell her deceased husband’s guns by taking out a classified ad in the newspaper, it is lawful for her to rent a table at a gun show and sell the entire collection. If you walk along the aisles at any gun show, you will find that the overwhelming majority of guns offered for sale are from federally licensed dealers. Guns sold by private individuals (such as gun collectors getting rid of a gun or two over the weekend) are the distinct minority. Yet HCI claims that “25−50 percent of the vendors at most gun shows are unlicensed dealers.” That statistic is true only if one counts vendors who aren’t selling guns (e.g., vendors who are selling books, clothing or accessories) as “unlicensed dealers.” Since every gun show takes place entirely within the boundaries of a single state, Congress has no legitimate constitutional basis, under its “interstate commerce” power, to attempt to control gun shows. Nevertheless, both houses of Congress have passed gun show legislation. The House bill does only what the gun control advocates claim to want: the imposition of federal background checks on personal sales at gun shows.
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When you need legal help with gun law in Utah, call Ascent Law LLC for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
Ascent Law LLC 8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C West Jordan, Utah 84088 United States Telephone: (801) 676-5506
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from Michael Anderson https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/gun-shows-and-the-second-amendment/
from Criminal Defense Lawyer West Jordan Utah https://criminaldefenselawyerwestjordanutah.wordpress.com/2020/06/24/gun-shows-and-the-second-amendment/
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advertphoto · 4 years
Text
Gun Shows And The Second Amendment
The prospect of ordinary people making guns at home on their 3-D printers seems scary. Even President Donald Trump, a strong Second Amendment supporter, has tweeted that it “doesn’t seem to make much sense.” Attorneys general in eight states sued to stop the website of Defense Distributed from publishing instructions for printing out plastic firearms. A federal judge recognized the harm Tuesday night and issued a temporary restraining order. But the attack on freedom of speech is also scary here. Even as he acted to block the gun plans, U.S. District Judge Robert S. Lasnik recognized there are “serious First Amendment issues” at play. Under current interpretations of the Second Amendment, the government could almost certainly prohibit unregulated home manufacture of guns. The First Amendment, however, might well protect the distribution of the computer code that functions as the recipe for the 3-D printers. The threshold question is whether computer code is a form of speech at all. This question raises philosophical questions about whether computer code written in a programming language is effectively an object not ordinarily regulated by the First Amendment or is more like a set of written instructions from one person to another, which would typically be considered a form of speech. The U.S. Supreme Court has never definitively answered this tricky question. But the lower courts have mostly held that code counts as speech. In an influential 2001 decision to that effect, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit said that “a recipe is no less ‘speech’ because it calls for the use of an oven, and a musical score is no less ‘speech’ because it specifies performance on an electric guitar.” That brings us to the second legal problem: whether speech that instructs the public how to commit a crime is subject to free-speech protection.
youtube
Here, too, the Supreme Court has not given a definitive answer and the legal landscape in the lower courts is not that clear. In an important 2005 article, First Amendment scholar Eugene Volokh pointed out that some courts have held that free-speech law does not extend to cover “speech that knowingly facilitates bomb-making, book-making, or illegal circumvention of copyright protection.” Yet Volokh, who tends to prefer very strong free-speech protections, cast serious doubt on most of the rationales that could be used to prohibit speech that tells people how to commit crimes. In particular, he pointed out that such information often has other, noncriminal uses. And he strongly emphasized that the internet changes the landscape for such regulation, because sources outside the reach of law could almost always post the same information, which would then be available to American users notwithstanding any ban. The best way to think about the question is to ask whether the government should be able to ban “The Anarchist Cookbook” or other works that describe how to make Molotov cocktails or simple bombs. Logically, the answer is almost certainly not. How-to guides for criminal activity aren’t like classified information, such as how to build an atomic bomb or make a biological weapon.
Gun Show Loophole
Gun show loophole is a political term referring to the sale of firearms by private sellers, including those done at gun shows that do not meet federal background check requirements. This is dubbed the private sale exemption or “secondary market”. Federal law requires background checks for commercial gun sales, but not for private-party sales whereby any person may sell a firearm to an unlicensed resident of the same state as long as they do not know or do not have reasonable cause to believe the purchaser is prohibited from receiving or possessing firearms under Federal law. Under federal law, private-party sellers are not required to perform background checks on buyers, record the sale, or ask for identification, whether at a gun show or other venue. This is in contrast to sales by gun stores and other Federal Firearms License (FFL) holders, who are required to perform background checks and record all sales on almost all buyers, regardless of whether the venue is their business location or a gun show. Some states have passed laws to require background checks for private sales with limited exceptions. Access to the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) is limited to FFL holders. Since the mid-1990s, gun control advocates have campaigned for universal background checks. Advocates for gun rights have stated that there is no loophole, that current laws provide a single, uniform set of rules for commercial gun sellers regardless of the place of sale, and that the United States Constitution does not empower the federal government to regulate non-commercial, intrastate transfers of legal firearms between private citizens.
youtube
Provenance
Sometimes referred to as the Brady bill loophole, the Brady law loophole, the gun law loophole, or the private sale loophole, the term refers to a perceived gap in laws that address what types of sales and transfers of firearms require records and or background checks, such as the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. Private parties are not legally required by federal law to: ask for identification, complete any forms, or keep any sales records, as long as the sale does not cross state lines and does not fall under purview of the National Firearms Act. In addition to federal legislation, firearm laws vary by state.
Federal “gun show loophole” bills were introduced in seven consecutive Congresses: two in 2001, two in 2004, one in 2005, one in 2007, two in 2009, two in 2011, and one in 2013. Specifically, seven gun show “loophole” bills were introduced in the U.S. House and four in the Senate between 2001 and 2013. None passed. In May 2015 Carolyn Maloney introduced H.R.2380, also referred to as the Gun Show Loophole Closing Act of 2015. As of June 26 it has been referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. In March 2017, representative Maloney also introduced H.R.1612, referred to as the Gun Show Loophole Closing Act of 2017. In January 2019 she sponsored H.R.820 – Gun Show Loophole Closing Act of 2019.
History
In 1968, Congress passed the Gun Control Act (GCA), under which modern firearm commerce operates. The GCA mandated Federal Firearms Licenses (FFLs) for those “engaged in the business” of selling firearms, but not for private individuals who sold firearms infrequently. Under the Gun Control Act, firearm dealers were prohibited from doing business anywhere except the address listed on their Federal Firearms License. It also mandated that licensed firearm dealers maintain records of firearms sales. An unlicensed person is prohibited by federal law from transferring, selling, trading, giving, transporting, or delivering a firearm to any other unlicensed person only if they know or have reasonable cause to believe the buyer does not reside in the same State or is prohibited by law from purchasing or possessing firearms. In 1986, Congress passed the Firearm Owners Protection Act (FOPA), which relaxed certain controls in the Gun Control Act and permitted licensed firearm dealers to conduct business at gun shows. Specifically, FOPA made it legal for FFL holders to make private sales, provided the firearm was transferred to the licensee’s personal collection at least one year prior to the sale. Hence, when a personal firearm is sold by an FFL holder, no background check or Form 4473 is required by federal law. According to the ATF, FFL holders are required to keep a record of such sales in a bound book. The United States Department of Justice (USDOJ) said the stated purpose of FOPA was to ensure the GCA did not “place any undue or unnecessary federal restrictions or burdens on law-abiding citizens, but it opened many loopholes through which illegal gun traffickers can slip.”
The scope of those who “engage in the business” of dealing in firearms (and are therefore required to have a license) was narrowed to include only those who devote “time, attention, and labour to dealing in firearms as a regular course of trade or business with the principal objective of livelihood and profit through the repetitive purchase and resale of firearms.” FOPA excluded those who buy and sell firearms to “enhance a personal collection” or for a “hobby,” or who “sell all or part of a personal collection.” According to the USDOJ, this new definition made it difficult for them to identify offenders who could claim they were operating as “hobbyists” trading firearms from their personal collection. Efforts to reverse a key feature of FOPA by requiring criminal background checks and purchase records on private sales at gun shows were unsuccessful. Those who sold only at gun shows and wanted to obtain an FFL, which would allow them to conduct background checks, were prohibited from doing so through question 18a on the ATF Form 7 (Application for Federal Firearms License)[48]. The April 2019 revision of the Form 7 removed this restriction, allowing them to obtain licenses. In 1993, Congress enacted the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, amending the Gun Control Act of 1968. “The Brady Law” instituted federal background checks on all firearm purchasers who buy from federally licensed dealers (FFL). This law had no provisions for private firearms transactions or sales. The Brady Law originally imposed an interim measure, requiring a waiting period of 5 days before a licensed importer, manufacturer, or dealer may sell, deliver, or transfer a handgun to an unlicensed individual. The waiting period applied only in states without an alternate system that was deemed acceptable of conducting background checks on handgun purchasers. Personal transfers and sales between unlicensed Americans could also still be subject to other federal, state, and local restrictions. These interim provisions ceased to apply on November 30, 1998.
youtube
Government studies and positions
Firearm tracing starts at the manufacturer or importer and typically ends at the first private sale regardless if the private seller later sells to an FFL or uses an FFL for background checks. Analyzing data from a report released in 1997 by the National Institute of Justice, fewer than 2% of convicted criminals bought their firearm at a flea market or gun show. About 12% purchased their firearm from a retail store or pawnshop, and 80% bought from family, friends, or an illegal source. An additional study performed by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, published in January of 2019, found that fewer than 1% of criminals obtained a firearm at a gun show (0.8%). Under Chapter 18 Section 922 of the United States Code it is unlawful for any person “except a licensed importer, licensed manufacturer, or licensed dealer, to engage in the business of importing, manufacturing, or dealing in firearms.” The federal government provides a specific definition of what a firearm dealer is. Under Chapter 18 Section 921(a)(11), a dealer is: • any person engaged in the business of selling firearms at wholesale or retail, • any person engaged in the business of repairing firearms or of making or fitting special barrels, stocks, or trigger mechanisms to firearms, or • any person who is a pawnbroker.
According to a 1999 report by the ATF, legal private party transactions contribute to illegal activities, such as arms trafficking, purchases of firearms by prohibited buyers, and straw purchases. Anyone selling a firearm is legally prohibited from selling it to anyone the seller knows or has reasonable cause to believe is prohibited from owning a firearm. FFL holders, in general, can only transfer firearms to a non-licensed individual if that individual resides in the state where the FFL holder is licensed to do business, and only at that place of business or a gun show in their state. The January 1999 report said that more than 4,000 gun shows are held in the Utah annually. Also, between 50 and 75 percent of gun show vendors hold a Federal Firearms License, and the “majority of vendors who attend shows sell firearms, associated accessories, and other paraphernalia.” The report concluded that although most sellers at gun shows are upstanding people, a few corrupt sellers could move a large quantity of firearms into high-risk hands. They stated that there were gaps in current law and recommended “extending the Brady Law to ‘close the gun show loophole.’”
Proposals put forth by Attorneys, which were never enacted, include: • Allowing only FFL holders to sell guns at gun shows, so a background check and a firearms transaction record accompany every transaction • Strengthening the definition of “engaged in the business” by defining the terms with more precision, narrowing the exception for “hobbyists,” and lowering the intent requirement • Limiting the number of individual private sales to a specified number per year • Requiring persons who sell guns in the secondary market to comply with the record-keeping requirements applicable to Federal Firearms License holders • Requiring all transfers in the secondary market to go through a Federal Firearms License holder • Establishing procedures for the orderly liquidation of inventory belonging to FFL holders who surrender their license • Requiring registration of non-licensed persons who sell guns • Increasing the punishment for transferring a firearm without a background check, as required by the Brady Act • Requiring gun show promoters to be licensed, maintaining an inventory of all the firearms that are sold by FFL holders and non-licensed sellers at gun shows • Requiring one or more ATF agents be present at every gun show • Insulating unlicensed vendors from criminal liability if they agree to have purchasers complete a firearms transaction form
Facts about Gun Shows
Close the gun show loophole,” demands Handgun Control, Inc. The major obstacle to Congress’s complying with HCI’s wishes appears to be the desire of many Democrats to preserve gun shows as a campaign issue in the 2000 election. But if the voters learn the facts about gun shows, they will discover that there is no guns show loophole, no gun show crime problem and no reason to adopt federal legislation whose main effect would be to infringe on First and Second Amendment rights. Despite what some media commentators have claimed, existing gun laws apply just as much to gun shows as they do to any other place where guns are sold. Since 1938, persons selling firearms have been required to obtain a federal firearms license. If a dealer sells a gun from a storefront, from a room in his home or from a table at a gun show, the rules are exactly the same: he can get authorization from the FBI for the sale only after the FBI runs its “instant” background check (which often takes days to complete). As a result, firearms are the most severely regulated consumer product in the United States — the only product for which FBI permission is required for every single sale. Conversely, people who are not engaged in the business of selling firearms, but who sell firearms from time to time (such as a man who sells a hunting rifle to his brother‐in‐law), are not required to obtain the federal license required of gun dealers or to call the FBI before completing the sale.
youtube
Similarly, if a gun collector dies and his widow wants to sell the guns, she does not need a federal firearms license because she is just selling off inherited property and is not “engaged in the business.” And if the widow doesn’t want to sell her deceased husband’s guns by taking out a classified ad in the newspaper, it is lawful for her to rent a table at a gun show and sell the entire collection. If you walk along the aisles at any gun show, you will find that the overwhelming majority of guns offered for sale are from federally licensed dealers. Guns sold by private individuals (such as gun collectors getting rid of a gun or two over the weekend) are the distinct minority. Yet HCI claims that “25−50 percent of the vendors at most gun shows are unlicensed dealers.” That statistic is true only if one counts vendors who aren’t selling guns (e.g., vendors who are selling books, clothing or accessories) as “unlicensed dealers.” Since every gun show takes place entirely within the boundaries of a single state, Congress has no legitimate constitutional basis, under its “interstate commerce” power, to attempt to control gun shows. Nevertheless, both houses of Congress have passed gun show legislation. The House bill does only what the gun control advocates claim to want: the imposition of federal background checks on personal sales at gun shows.
Gun Lawyer Free Consultation
When you need legal help with gun law in Utah, call Ascent Law LLC for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.
Ascent Law LLC 8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite C West Jordan, Utah 84088 United States Telephone: (801) 676-5506
Ascent Law LLC
4.9 stars – based on 67 reviews
Recent Posts
The CFPB’s Effect On Foreclosures
Is Alimony Mandatory In Utah?
Getting Guardianship Of Your Aging Parent
Divorce With Debts
Revocable Living Trusts
Utah probate Code 75-2-102
Source: https://www.ascentlawfirm.com/gun-shows-and-the-second-amendment/
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lboogie1906 · 1 month
Text
Tumblr media
George Washington Benson (born March 22, 1943) is a guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He began his professional career at the age of 19 as a jazz guitarist. He uses a rest-stroke picking technique similar to that of gypsy jazz players such as Django Reinhardt.
A former child prodigy, he first came to prominence in the 1960s, playing soul jazz with Jack McDuff and others. He launched a successful solo career, alternating between jazz, pop, R&B singing, and scat singing. His album Breezin’ was certified triple-platinum, hitting no. 1 on the Billboard album chart in 1976. He has been honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
He was born and raised in the Hill District of Pittsburgh. At the age of seven, he first played the ukulele in a corner drug store, for which he was paid a few dollars. At the age of eight, he played guitar in an unlicensed nightclub on Friday and Saturday nights, but the police soon closed the club down. At the age of nine, he started to record. Out of the four sides he cut, two were released: “She Makes Me Mad” backed with “It Should Have Been Me”, with RCA Victor.
As a youth, he learned how to play straight-ahead instrumental jazz during a relationship performing for several years with organist Jack McDuff. One of his many early guitar heroes was country-jazz guitarist Hank Garland. He recorded his first album as a leader, The New Boss Guitar, featuring McDuff. His next recording was It’s Uptown with the George Benson Quartet. He followed it up with The George Benson Cookbook. Miles Davis employed him, featuring his guitar on “Paraphernalia” on Miles in the Sky before he went to Verve Records.
His 1974 release, Bad Benson, climbed to the top spot in the Billboard jazz chart, while the follow-ups, Good King Bad (#51 Pop album) and Benson & Farrell, both reached the jazz top-three sellers. He did a version of The Beatles’ album Abbey Road called The Other Side of Abbey Road and a version of “White Rabbit”. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence
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blackkudos · 6 years
Text
George Benson
Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media Tumblr media
George Benson (born March 22, 1943) is an American musician, guitarist and singer-songwriter. He began his professional career at 21 as a jazz guitarist. Benson uses a rest-stroke picking technique similar to that of gypsy jazz players such as Django Reinhardt.
A former child prodigy, Benson first came to prominence in the 1960s, playing soul jazz with Jack McDuff and others. He then launched a successful solo career, alternating between jazz, pop, R&B singing, and scat singing. His album Breezin' was certified triple-platinum, hitting no. 1 on the Billboard album chart in 1976. His concerts were well attended through the 1980s, and he still has a large following. He has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Biography
Early career
Benson was born and raised in the Hill District in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. At the age of seven, he first played the ukulele in a corner drug store, for which he was paid a few dollars. At the age of eight, he played guitar in an unlicensed nightclub on Friday and Saturday nights, but the police soon closed the club down. At the age of 10, he recorded his first single record, "She Makes Me Mad", with RCA-Victor in New York, under the name "Little Georgie".
Benson attended and graduated from Schenley High School. As a youth he learned how to play straight-ahead instrumental jazz during a relationship performing for several years with organist Jack McDuff. One of his many early guitar heroes was country-jazz guitarist Hank Garland. At the age of 21, he recorded his first album as leader, The New Boss Guitar, featuring McDuff. Benson's next recording was It's Uptown with the George Benson Quartet, including Lonnie Smith on organ and Ronnie Cuber on baritone saxophone. Benson followed it up with The George Benson Cookbook, also with Lonnie Smith and Ronnie Cuber on baritone and drummer Marion Booker. Miles Davis employed Benson in the mid-1960s, featuring his guitar on "Paraphernalia" on his 1968 Columbia release, Miles in the Sky before going to Verve Records.
Benson then signed with Creed Taylor's jazz label CTI Records, where he recorded several albums, with jazz heavyweights guesting, to some success, mainly in the jazz field. His 1974 release, Bad Benson, climbed to the top spot in the Billboard jazz chart, while the follow-ups, Good King Bad (#51 Pop album) and Benson and Farrell (with Joe Farrell), both reached the jazz top-three sellers. Benson also did a version of The Beatles's 1969 album Abbey Road called The Other Side of Abbey Road, also released in 1969, and a version of "White Rabbit", originally written and recorded by San Francisco rock group Great Society, and made famous by Jefferson Airplane. Benson played on numerous sessions for other CTI artists during this time, including Freddie Hubbard and Stanley Turrentine, notably on the latter's acclaimed album Sugar.
1970s and 1980s
By the mid- to late-1970s, as he recorded for Warner Bros. Records, a whole new audience began to discover Benson. With the 1976 release Breezin', Benson sang a lead vocal on the track "This Masquerade", which became a huge pop hit and won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year. (He had sung vocals infrequently on albums earlier in his career, notably his rendition of "Here Comes the Sun" on the Other Side of Abbey Road album.) The rest of the album is instrumental, including his rendition of the 1975 Jose Feliciano composition "Affirmation".
In 1976, Benson toured with soul singer Minnie Riperton, who had been diagnosed with terminal breast cancer earlier that year. Also in 1976, George Benson appeared as a guitarist and backup vocalist on Stevie Wonder's song "Another Star" from Wonder's album Songs in the Key of Life. He also recorded the original version of "The Greatest Love of All" for the 1977 Muhammad Ali bio-pic, The Greatest, which was later covered by Whitney Houston as "Greatest Love of All". During this time Benson recorded with the German conductor Claus Ogerman. The live take of "On Broadway", recorded a few months later from the 1978 release Weekend in L.A., also won a Grammy. He has worked with Freddie Hubbard on a number of his albums throughout the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.
The Qwest record label (a subsidiary of Warner Bros., run by Quincy Jones) released Benson's breakthrough pop album Give Me The Night, produced by Jones. Benson made it into the pop and R&B top ten with the song "Give Me the Night" (written by former Heatwave keyboardist Rod Temperton). He got many hit singles such as "Love All the Hurt Away", "Turn Your Love Around", "Inside Love", "Lady Love Me", "20/20", "Shiver", "Kisses in the Moonlight". More importantly, Quincy Jones encouraged Benson to search his roots for further vocal inspiration, and he re-discovered his love for Nat Cole, Ray Charles and Donny Hathaway in the process, influencing a string of further vocal albums into the 1990s. Despite returning to his jazz and guitar playing most recently, this theme was reflected again much later in Benson's 2000 release Absolute Benson, featuring a cover of one of Hathaway's most notable songs, "The Ghetto". Benson accumulated three other platinum LPs and two gold albums.
1990s to present
In 1985, Benson and guitarist Chet Atkins went on the smooth jazz charts with their collaboration "Sunrise", one of two songs from the duo released on Atkins' Stay Tuned album. In 1992, Benson appeared on Jack McDuff's Colour Me Blue album, his first appearance on a Concord album. Benson signed with Concord Records in 2005 and toured with Al Jarreau in America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand to promote their 2006 multiple Grammy-winning album Givin' It Up.
To commemorate the long-term relationship between Benson and Ibanez and to celebrate 30 years of collaboration on the GB Signature Models, Ibanez created the GB30TH, a very limited-edition model featuring a gold-foil finish inspired by the traditional Japanese Garahaku art form. In 2009, Benson was recognized by the National Endowment of the Arts as a Jazz Master, the nation's highest honor in jazz. Benson performed at the 49th issue of the Ohrid Summer Festival in Macedonia on July 25, 2009, and his tribute show to Nat King Cole An Unforgettable Tribute to Nat King Cole as part of the Istanbul International Jazz Festival in Turkey on July 27. In the fall of 2009, Benson finished recording a new album entitled Songs and Stories, with Marcus Miller, producer John Burk, and session musicians David Paich and Steve Lukather. As a part of the promotion for his recent Concord Music Group/Monster Music release Songs and Stories, Benson has appeared and/or performed on The Tavis Smiley Show, Jimmy Kimmel Live! and Late Night with Jimmy Fallon.
Benson toured throughout 2010 in North America, Europe and the Pacific Rim, including an appearance at the Singapore Sun Festival. He performed at the Java Jazz Festival March 4–6, 2011. In 2011, Benson released the album Guitar Man—revisiting his 1960s/early-1970s guitar-playing roots with a 12-song collection of covers of both jazz and pop standards overseen by producer John Burk.
In June 2013, Benson released his fourth album for Concord Records, Inspiration: A Tribute to Nat King Cole, which featured Wynton Marsalis, Idina Menzel, Till Brönner, and Judith Hill. In September, he returned to perform at Rock in Rio festival, in Rio de Janeiro, 35 years after his first performance at this festival, which was then the inaugural one.
In July 2016, Benson participated as a mentor in the Sky Arts programme Guitar Star in the search for the UK and Republic of Ireland’s most talented guitarist.
Personal life
Benson has been married to Johnnie Lee since 1965. Benson describes his music as focusing more on love and romance. He is a Jehovah's Witness.
Wikipedia
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