#The Anti-Hijacking Act 1982

[madraslawyers]

இந்திய சட்டங்கள் மற்றும் இந்தியாவில் சட்டப்பூர்வ தீர்வுகள்

இந்தியா வளமான கலாச்சார பாரம்பரியம் கொண்ட பல்வேறு நாடு. இந்திய சட்ட அமைப்பு உலகின் பழமையான சட்ட அமைப்புகளில் ஒன்றாகும், மேலும் இது பல ஆண்டுகளாக உருவாகி வருகிறது. குடிமக்களின் உரிமைகளைப் பாதுகாக்கவும் நீதியை உறுதிப்படுத்தவும் இந்தியாவில் பல்வேறு சட்டங்கள் மற்றும் சட்டப் பரிகாரங்கள் உள்ளன. இந்திய சட்டங்கள் இந்திய சட்ட அமைப்பு இந்தியாவில் வாழ்க்கையின் பல்வேறு அம்சங்களை ஒழுங்குபடுத்துவதற்கும்…

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#The Acquired Territories (Merger) Act 1960 #The Additional Duties Of Excise (Textiles And Textile Articles) Act 1978 #The Administration of Evacuee Property (Central) Rules1950 #The Administration of Evacuee Property Act 1950 #The Advocates Welfare Fund Act 2001 #The African Development bank Act 1983 The Banking Regulation Act 1949 #The Agricultural And Processed Food Products Export Development Authority Act 1985 #The Agriculturists Loans Act 1884 #The Airports Economic Regulatory Authority Of India Act 2008 #The All India Council For Technical Education 1987 #The All India Institute Of Medical Science Act 1956 #The Anand Marriage Act 1909 #The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act 1958 #The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act 1904 #The Anti-Hijacking Act 1982 #The Antiquities and Art Treasures Act 1972 #The Architects Act 1972 #The Arms Act 1959 #The Arya Marriage Validation Act 1937 #The Banking Regulation (Amendment) and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 2004 #The Benami Transactions(Prohibitions) Act 1988 #The Biological Diversity Act 2002 #The Cantonments Act 2006 #The Carriage By Air Act 1972 #The Carriage by Road Act 2007 #The Cencus Act 1948 #The Central Boards Of Revenue Act 1963 #The Central Excise Act 1944 #The Central Reserve Poilce Force 1949 #The Central Road Fund Act 2000

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.27

1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1499 – Amerigo Vespucci sights what is now Amapá State in Brazil. 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs. 1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle. 1760 – Anglo-Cherokee War: Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina. 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate. 1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign. 1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York City, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives. 1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia. 1905 – During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin. 1914 – The Illinois Monument is dedicated at Cheatham Hill in what is now the Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi convenes an eleven-day conference to discuss Japan's strategy in China. The Tanaka Memorial, a forged plan for world domination, is later claimed to be a secret report leaked from this conference. 1928 – The Rovaniemi township decree was promulgated, as a result of which Rovaniemi seceded from the old rural municipality as its own market town on January 1, 1929. 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews. 1941 – World War II: German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa. 1944 – World War II: Mogaung is the first place in Burma to be liberated from the Japanese by British Chindits, supported by the Chinese. 1946 – In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship. 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War. 1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1954 – The FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game. 1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana. 1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship. 1974 – U.S. president Richard Nixon visits the Soviet Union. 1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv-Athens-Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PFLP and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda. 1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti. 1980 – The 'Ustica massacre': Itavia Flight 870 crashes in the sea while en route from Bologna to Palermo, Italy, killing all 81 on board. 1981 – The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party issues its "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", laying the blame for the Cultural Revolution on Mao Zedong. 1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS-4. 1988 – The Gare de Lyon rail accident in Paris, France, kills 56 people. 1988 – Villa Tunari massacre: Bolivian anti-narcotics police kill nine to 12 and injure over a hundred protesting coca-growing peasants. 1991 – Two days after it had declared independence, Slovenia is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft, starting the Ten-Day War. 1994 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan. Seven people are killed, 660 injured. 2007 – Tony Blair resigns as British Prime Minister, a position he had held since 1997. His Chancellor, Gordon Brown succeeds him. 2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre. 2008 – In a highly scrutinized election, President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is re-elected in a landslide after his opponent Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn a week earlier, citing violence against his party's supporters. 2013 – NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, a space probe to observe the Sun. 2014 – At least fourteen people are killed when a Gas Authority of India Limited pipeline explodes in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. 2015 – Formosa Fun Coast fire: A dust fire occurs at a recreational water park in Taiwan, killing 15 people and injuring 497 others, 199 critically. 2017 – A series of powerful cyberattacks using the Petya malware target websites of Ukrainian organizations and counterparts with Ukrainian connections around the globe.

#Events

[alwaysfirst]

Social media influencer Bobby Kataria gets anticipatory bail

Sep 22, 2022 14:53 IST New Delhi , September 22 (AF): A Delhi Court on Thursday granted anticipatory bail to bodybuilder and social media influencer Bobby Kataria in an FIR registered against him for allegedly smoking on board during his journey from Dubai to Delhi on the complaint of Spice Jet Ltd. A First Information Report u/s 3 (1) (c) of Suppression of Unlawful act against the safety of civil Aviation Act,1982 by IGI Airport dated August 14, 2022, was registered against Balwant Kataria @Bobby Kataria. The Principal District and Sessions Dharmesh Sharma on Thursday granted bail to Kataria and directed him to join the office on September 27. Senior Advocate Vikas Pahwa appeared for Kataria had argued persuasively that it was admitted fact of the prosecution that there was no eyewitness or crew member near the applicant's seat when the alleged incident took place which by itself is highly improbable. On invocation of section 3(1)(c) of Suppression of Unlawful act against the safety of civil Aviation by the Delhi Police, Sr Advocate Pahwa submitted that Sec.3(1)(c) does not make out as this act can only be invoked for the incident of Airplane hijacking or for anti-terrorism activities. Senior counsel also contended that the object of the act in question is to stop and prevent terrorist activities. The act came into force to prevent acts of aeroplane hijacking and was adopted in light of the international commitment of India to the Chicago/Montreal convention of anti-hijacking activities. Senior Advocate Pahwa has vehemently argued that according to section 5 (A) of the Suppression of Unlawful act against the safety of civil Aviation Act,1982 Delhi Police has no power to investigate or even invoke section 3(1)(c), as that power has been specifically given to authority under central government notification in the official gazette. Suppression of Unlawful acts against the safety of the civil Aviation Act 1982 has been mentioned in the schedule of the NIA Act,2008. Kataria's lawyer further submitted that the power to invoke the questioned act is only of NIA. He further added that the Delhi Police has invoked this act without any authority, which is impermissible in law. Ld. Senior Counsel prayed that anticipatory bail should be granted to the applicant as no offence is made out against the applicant/accused. A Delhi Court had also issued a non-bailable Warrant (NBW) against Bobby Kataria on September 7 in the matter. It was in August that a video surfaced in which Kataria was seen smoking a cigarette during a flight. The video that went viral was said to have been shot in January. However, following a complaint by the airline manager, Delhi Police had booked Kataria under section 3(1)(C ) of The Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against Safety of Civil Aviation Act 1982. According to the Police, Kataria was on the run since a case has been registered against him. Delhi police had received a complaint in August month against Kataria from Spice Jet manager Jasbir Singh, who had requested to take action against Kataria for violation of security and safety measures onboard the flight. It was also alleged that Kataria had uploaded pictures and videos from his social media accounts wherein he was seen with a lighter and smoking a cigarette on board Spice Jet flight no. SG-706, dated January 21, 2022. (AF) Read the full article

#delhi bodybuilder bobbykataria fir dubai spicejet alwaysfirst alwaysfirstnews

[amybrad5]

Pride, and why we need it...yes still.

It is 2019, 50 years since the infamous Stonewall Riots, 47 years since the first Pride March in London. The LGBTQ Community has seen many victories, equal marriage rights, adoption rights, the repeal of Section 28, being transgender being declassified as a mental illness (about time!). So it is not uncommon to hear the question “do we even need Pride these days?” This question, or sometimes even remark (we are not always being asked, but told) in my experience usually comes from the heterosexual community and in all honesty it usually comes from a good place (again that’s my own experience). I sometimes feel it is a way of telling us that we are perceived as equals and that sexual orientation/gender identity should not matter. Maybe you cannot blame people for wondering, I mean as mentioned, we can get married, have kids, and do pretty much all the things that cisgender straight people do. So is it not time to chill out and just enjoy these achievements? We can just get on with life now right, not really any reason to march now is there? Well, here we go.....

For many, many years we have seen a Pride march make it’s way through Central London. The first one was held on July 1st 1972 to mark the three year anniversary of the infamous, previously mentioned 1969 Stonewall Riots, where the LGBTQ Community, led by trans women of colour Marsha P Johnson and Sylvia Rivera, rose against police raids on The Stonewall Inn - a gay bar in New York City.

Since then as we have progressed through the years the community has been through many changes. We had already achieved homosexuality being decriminalised in 1967, and we have seen legalisation of equal marriage, allowing for Mr and Mr or Mrs and Mrs to join in the joys of the much envied (by some) honeymoon period. This was a step by step process, with civil partnerships being introduced first in 2005, and the final push for marriage being realised in 2013.

The community has also marched through Section 28, for those who are unfamiliar - an act passed by government in 1988 which banned teachers from “promoting” homosexuality in schools. If “promoting homosexuality” conjures up images of teachers in hot pants and glitter having their students learn the latest Kylie lyrics in order to recite them to the class next week, you would be kind of wrong...they just simply were not allowed to talk about it in a way which may have made it appear normal, that’s what was meant by “promoting”. The act was repealed in 2003, two years after I left education. 

We cannot talk about the history of Pride without mentioning the AIDS epidemic. From the early eighties the men in our community have been disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, the condition was even at one point (1982 to be precise) named “GRID” - Gay Related Immune Deficiency. We also heard the haunting titles “Gay Plague” and “Gay Disease” being put to this mystery illness. In 1984 it was discovered that AIDS was caused by the progression of a virus to be named HIV and since then we have continued to learn about the virus and make great breakthroughs and strides with treatment which means that people are living regular lifespans. We have also discovered that those living with HIV and taking medication can become undetectable, which means they cannot pass the virus on to anyone. But we must never forget the huge part of our community we lost along the way, in the form of sons, brothers, uncles, fathers, friends and lovers, and many other roles that may have been assumed, had they stayed with us. Pride marched on through it all, getting louder and more visible as time went on, facing head on the stigma that HIV carries.

One thing throughout this whole journey is recurrent, through these landmark victories, successes, achievements. I have already said it - count nine words back. Achievements. The community has had to achieve these rights, by fighting, by making noise, by being visible even when it has not been safe. Yes they have been afforded to us now but does that mean we just forget the story so far? The roots of our Pride movement? Is it the case that we do not owe it to those at the forefront of the fight along the way to celebrate their involvement? My answer to these questions: no. 

I have concentrated so far on the general successes of the LGBTQ Community, but to be quite honest, we still have a way to go. Let’s take this global, Russia has a “gay propaganda law” brought in to “protect” children from content “promoting” homosexuality as it contradicts traditional family values (flashback to our very own Section 28), Poland’s President has indicated he would consider the same. In Japan, transgender people must undergo sterilisation in order to have their gender identity legally recognised, and Brunei was recently very close to passing a law which enables gay people to be stoned to death. Let’s bring it back home, the government in England has been debating whether to include age appropriate discussion on LGBTQ communities in Relationships and Sex Education (RSE), which will be made compulsory from 2020 onwards. Yes that’s right, debating. We exist, but allowing young people the right to learn about it? That’s another story according to some, apparently. Eventually, on April 24th 2019, the House of Lords backed LGBTQ inclusive RSE.

The LGBTQ Community does not come without it’s flaws. We are not always as united as we could be. Racism is an issue among us, with many Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) members feeling isolated in parts of the scene, i.e. bars, dating apps, even at Prides. Last year LGBTQ charity Stonewall backed this up with research that revealed 51% of BAME individuals had faced discrimination from the wider community. Bisexual members of the community are often erased as “going through a phase” or “attention seeking”, and how about our trans and non-binary siblings...not all of the community would describe them as such, the unfortunate events at last year's Pride in London made this clear when a group of anti trans lesbians hijacked the front of the parade to display placards with trans exclusionary messages plastered all over them; the march of the event I am currently discussing...many of us shocked and saddened at this behaviour.

But don't some people just go to Pride to dance, drink and lap up some attention? Maybe that is the case for some people but it still counts as visibility - we have the space to do this and even if some taking part do not fully know and understand their history yet, many of us do.

So, long story short, I feel we need Pride. We need it to remember and acknowledge the fight and journey so far, to celebrate the victories and be visible. It is a chance for the community to reflect on ourselves and the ways we can do better, and to show we are not yet done. 

[ayittey1]

Is Democracy Necessary for Africa’s Development?

The Asian experience suggests that democracy is not necessary to engineer an economic miracle. However, the Africa’s postcolonial experience suggests ineluctably that democracy is vital to sustain economic success.

 During the Cold War, the World Bank, the IMF and the West so did not pay much attention to democracy, focusing only on economic liberalization. It was argued that if only the leaders in the Third World could get their economies right, it would unleash powerful forces of change. As people grew wealthier, they would demand greater say in how to spend their money and how their country is run, which would force political change. But this did not happen in Africa and many parts of the Third World. China in particular became wealthy but remained politically oppressive and non-democratic.

 Economics liberalization can indeed produce prosperity but all successful economic liberalization under dictatorships eventually hits a political ceiling. This stage is often reached or triggered by a crisis: falling copper prices in Chile in the late 1980s, falling cocoa prices in the case of Ivory Coast in the late 1990s, the Asian financial crisis in the case of Indonesia in 1998, among others. Investors or people who lost money during these crises demanded explanations or accountability. When the leadership was “sanguine” enough to flee or open up the political space and addressed the grievances of the people, the economic prosperity continued without any political tumult. Such was the case in Chile under Augusto Pinochet in the 1980s. By contrast, Suharto, who ruled Indonesia for 32 years with an iron fist, did not open up the political space. Indonesia imploded in 1999.

 Like Indonesia, Ivory Coast was for decades held up as an “economic success story” and a bastion of stability by the World Bank, the IMF and international donors. From independence in 1960 to 1993, the country was ruled by the autocratic Felix Houphouet-Boigny. It imploded and descended into civil war in 2005 and 2010 for election shenanigans and lack of democracy. Ditto for Madagascar – an economic success story in 2004 descended into civil war for lack of democracy.

 In summary, two facts must be noted. First, no dictator has brought lasting prosperity to any postcolonial African country. There is no such thing as a benevolent dictator. The only good dictator is a dead one! Rwanda is often trotted out as an exception to the rule in Africa but exceptions don’t make the rule. More importantly, Rwanda’s economic miracle is not sustainable. See this link http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jms/article/view/68539

 Second, democracy does not guarantee prosperity but the lack of democracy can destroy a country. So many African countries would have been saved had they been democratic: Liberia, 1990; Somalia, 1991; Rwanda, 1994; Zaire, 1996 ; Serra Leone, 1997; Ivory Coast, 2005 and 2010; Libya, 2011, etc.

 After more than two decade of "democratization," the process has stalled through vexatious chicanery, vaunted acrobatics and strong-arm tactics. In 1990, three decades after independence, only 4 African countries were democratic: Botswana, The Gambia, Mauritius and Senegal. After the collapse of communism in 1989, the number grew to 15 in 1995, it has rocked back and forth since. It slid back to 13 in 1998 and inched back to 16 in 2003 and has remained there: In 2005, the 16 out of the 54 African countries were: Benin, Botswana, Cape Verde Islands, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritius, Namibia, Nigeria, Sao Tome & Principe, Senegal, Seychelles Island, South Africa and Zambia. By January 2017, this pitiful number of democracies had increased to 17 out of 54 countries. Two countries – Madagascar and Mali – were plucked off the list and three new ones added –Gambia, Mozambique and Tanzania. At this rate – 13 democracies in 27 years – it will take Africa exactly 76.84 years to become fully democratic, other things being equal.

 Political tyranny is still the order of the day. In most countries, the parties that ruled under the old system are still in power and the opposition groups, lacking the ruling parties' fund-raising powers and patronage, seem powerless to dislodge them. According to Delphine Djiraibe, president of the Chadian Association for the Promotion and Defense of Human Rights: "With few exceptions, the problems are the same across Africa: leaders are not committed to genuine democracy. They organize electoral masquerades to stay in power. They oppress the African people" (The New York Times, July 12, 2001; p.A3).

 The prognosis is not very good. MORE African countries will implode because they are not democratic. Watch CAR, Cameroon, Sudan, Sudan and other countries as well. We have already lost Zimbabwe. The prognosis for Zimbabwe is bleak.

 Protests started over steep hikes in fuel prices. This is how revolutions start, innocently beginning with protests over increases in food prices, fuel prices, high cost of living, etc. These are ECONOMIC, non-political issues but paranoid and autocratic governments see them as threats to their legitimacy or to destabilize their grip on power and brutally clamp down. People are killed, provoking more protests, which then morph into POLITICAL demands for the president to resign. That was how the Arab Spring started in 2010 – over lack of jobs, dignity, etc. – non-political issues.

 Currently, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Sudan and Zimbabwe appear to be following this trajectory. But rah-rah street protests, chanting “Maduro Must Go!” alone are not enough to remove an entrenched dictator from power. Protesters must also have control of at least one or more of the following key state institutions – the media, the judiciary, the civil service, security forces or Parliament. The revolution in Georgia was called the Rose Revolution because protesters charmed the security forces with roses. Shut down the civil service and any military regime will collapse – don’t have enough soldiers to run the civil service. I wrote about these and modalities of revolutions in my book, Defeating Dictators. Now and then, street protests may produce a free and democratic society – South Africa in 1994; Ghana in 2000; Tunisia in 2011. [I was one of the architects of the revolution in Ghana in 2000.] But more often than not, street protests, uprisings or revolutions do not produce desired outcomes. They may:

1.     Degenerate into Civil War – Libya in 2011; Syria in 2011.

2.     Produce a Stillborn Revolution. The protests may initially oust the dictator from power but would eventually claw his way back to power again – Kerekou in Benin in 1996; Sassou-Nguesso in Congo (Brazzaville) in 2002.

3.     Egyptian Scenario -- Revolution Reversed. Protests initially ousted Egyptian military dictator, Hosni Mubarak from power in 2011 but eventually another military strongman, Abdel al-Sisi retook power in 2013. Military still in charge; it runs a third of Egypt’s economy.

4.     Liberian Scenario -- Revolution Hijacked by Crocodile Liberator. Protests initially oust the dictator but is replaced by another despot worse than the one ousted – Ethiopia in 1977; Uganda in 1986; Liberia in 1990; Ethiopia in 1991; Congo DR in 1996; Sierra Leone in 1997; Ivory Coast in 2005. This scenario has been a frequent occurrence in Africa and elsewhere. I wrote about this eventuality. Check this link https://goo.gl/bL9ne4

5.     South African Scenario. Here an autocrat is replaced with some thug from the same corrupt cabal that ruined the country in the first place -- Angola (replacing dos Santos with Lourencos), South Africa (Zuma with Ramaphosa) and Zimbabwe (Mugabe with Mnangagwa).

The South African scenario has become all too frequent since in Africa government has metastasized into a criminal enterprise. Anyone chosen from the ruling elites to succeed a failed president would himself be a crook. Such was the case in Zimbabwe, where the anti-corruption czar, Ngonidzashe Gumbo, was himself a bandit, jailed for 10 years for defrauding the commission of $435,000.

 In Zimbabwe, there is an additional obstacle that dims the country’s future. That is the military generals who installed Mnangagwa. Mugabe used them to militarize his regime and strengthen his grip on power. He inserted them in the administration of strategic ministries, corporations and agencies. They came to be known as “securitocrats.” Mugabe gave them free reign and cast a blind eye to their naked plunder of Zimbabwe’s mineral wealth – for example, they are alleged to have looted $15 billion of revenue from Marange diamond fields. Eventually they found themselves in an untenable situation. Mugabe was 91 years old and his younger wife Grace, was rearing to succeed him. Finding that unacceptable, the Generals eased Mugabe aside and installed Mnangagwa – Mugabe’s right-hand man and former security chief who was responsible for the slaughter of at least 20,000 Ndebele in Matabeleland (opposition stronghold) in 1982.

 So genuine reform in Zimbabwe is impossible. The military generals won’t let that happen because they know what they have done. Their hands are dripping with blood and their pockets full of booty. Even if the protests force them to act, they would replace Mnangagwa with another crocodile – revolution hijacked.

 To have a brighter future, Zimbabwe needs to make a clean break with the past but the military generals won’t let that happen. So the country will muddle through or spin its wheels in a quicksand. Other countries – such as Angola, Mozambique, Nigeria and South Africa – are also stuck in a state of perpetual reform without accomplishing much. Only Aby Ahmed of Ethiopia may provide an exception to the rule that a despotic Marxist regime cannot reform itself but the jury still out on that one.

[papermoonloveslucy]

LUCY ON “THE CAROL BURNETT SHOW” ~ PART 3

November 24, 1969 ~ S3;E9

Directed by Dave Powers

Written by Bill Angelos, Stan Burns, Mike Marmer, Hal Goodman, Larry Klein, Don Hinkley, Kenny Solms, Gail Parent, Buz Kohan

Cast

Carol Burnett got her first big break on “The Paul Winchell Show” in 1955. A years later she was a regular on “The Garry Moore Show.” In 1959 she made her Broadway debut in Once Upon a Mattress, which she also appeared in on television three times. From 1960 to 1965 she did a number of TV specials, and often appeared with Julie Andrews. Her second Broadway musical was Fade Out – Fade In which ran for more than 270 performances. From 1967 to 1978 she hosted her own highly successful variety show, “The Carol Burnett Show.” Lucille Ball made several appearances on “The Carol Burnett Show.” Burnett guest starred in four episodes of “The Lucy Show” and three episodes of “Here’s Lucy,” subsequently playing a character named Carol Krausmeyer. After Lucille Ball’s passing, Burnett was hailed as the natural heir to Lucy’s title of ‘The Queen of TV Comedy.’

Lucille Ball was born on August 6, 1911 in Jamestown, New York. She began her screen career in 1933 and was known in Hollywood as ‘Queen of the B’s’ due to her many appearances in ‘B’ movies. With Richard Denning, she starred in a radio program titled “My Favorite Husband” which eventually led to the creation of “I Love Lucy,” a television situation comedy in which she co-starred with her real-life husband, Latin bandleader Desi Arnaz. The program was phenomenally successful, allowing the couple to purchase what was once RKO Studios, re-naming it Desilu. When the show ended in 1960 (in an hour-long format known as “The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour”) so did Lucy and Desi’s marriage. In 1962, hoping to keep Desilu financially solvent, Lucy returned to the sitcom format with “The Lucy Show,” which lasted six seasons. She followed that with a similar sitcom “Here’s Lucy” co-starring with her real-life children, Lucie and Desi Jr., as well as Gale Gordon, who had joined the cast of “The Lucy Show” during season two. Before her death in 1989, Lucy made one more attempt at a sitcom with “Life With Lucy,” also with Gordon, which was not a success and was canceled after just 13 episodes.

Supporting Cast

Vicki Lawrence was born Vicki Ann Axelrad in Inglewood, California. She sent Carol Burnett a newspaper clipping showing their uncanny resemblance to her.  Burnett called Vicki hoping to find an entertainer who could play her kid sister on her variety show. Lawrence was chosen as the kid sister and in the fall of 1967, she made her debut on the first episode of “The Carol Burnett Show.” She spent 11 years with the show and earned one Emmy Award and five more nominations. She created the role of Mama in the Family Sketches, which was spun off to “Mama's Family.”  An accomplished singer, her recording of "The Night The Lights Went Out In Georgia" was number one and earned a Gold Record. Lawrence attended the tribute shows “All Star Party for Carol Burnett” in 1982 and “All Star Party for Lucille Ball” in 1984.  

Harvey Korman got his first big break as a featured performer on “The Danny Kaye Show” in 1963. After ten successful seasons he left “The Carol Burnett Show” in 1977 to appear in his own series which only lasted six episodes. From 1964 to 1965 Korman appeared in three episodes of “The Lucy Show” as various characters. He found screen success in many of the films of Mel Brooks. Harvey Korman died in 2008 at age 81.

Lyle Waggoner was a handsome leading man who had little success in films but found fame as the announcer and character actor on “The Carol Burnett Show.” He left the show in 1974 in a mutual agreement with the producers to appear in “Wonder Woman.”  

Guest Cast

George Carlin was a stand-up comic who specialized in skewering social topics. He is also noted for his masterful knowledge and use of the English language. Carlin's notorious "Seven Dirty Words" comedy routine was part of a radio censorship case that made its way to the Supreme Court in 1978. He made a second appearance on “The Carol Burnett Show” in 1978. Carlin died in 2008.

Sue Vogelsanger (Herself, in Audience and Archival Tape) was an audience member who wrote a song for Burnett.  Her husband sits next to her.

Gary Morton (Himself, in Audience, uncredited) is Lucille Ball's second husband. He was a producer on “The Lucy Show” and “Here's Lucy” as well as doing a few on-camera roles.  His laugh can be heard from the studio audience during the airline sketch.

Two uncredited extras play the parents in the Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice sketch and an uncredited actor plays the telegram delivery man in the vaudeville sketch.

Timeline of collaborations between Lucille Ball and Carol Burnett (not including award and talk shows)

September 27, 1960 - “The Garry Moore Show” (S3;E1) Lucille Ball, Guest

March 22, 1966 - “Carol + 2” Lucille Ball, Guest Star

October 31, 1966 - “Lucy Gets a Roommate” (TLS S5;E7) Carol Burnett as Carol Bradford

November 7, 1966 - “Lucy and Carol in Palm Springs” (TLS S5;E8) Carol Burnett as Carol Bradford

October 2, 1967 - “The Carol Burnett Show” (S1;E4) Lucille Ball, Guest Star

December 4, 1967 - “Lucy and Carol Burnett: Part 1” (TLS S6;E14) Carol Burnett as Carol Bradford

December 11, 1967 - “Lucy and Carol Burnett: Part 2” (TLS S6;E15) Carol Burnett as Carol Bradford

November 4, 1968 - “The Carol Burnett Show” (S2;E6) Lucille Ball, Guest

January 27, 1969 - “Lucy and Carol Burnett” (HL S1;E17) Carol Burnett as Herself

November 24, 1969 - “The Carol Burnett Show” (S3;E9) Lucille Ball, Guest

March 2, 1970 - “Lucy Competes With Carol Burnett” (HL S2;E24) Carol Burnett as Carol Krausmeyer

October 19, 1970 - “The Carol Burnett Show” (S4;E6) Lucille Ball, Guest

February 8, 1971 - “Lucy and Carol Burnett” (HL S3;E22) Carol Burnett as Carol Krausmeyer

A week after this episode first aired, the script for Carol's second appearance on “Here's Lucy” was finalized, although it would not air until March 2, 1970.  

Like Lucille Ball’s sitcoms, “The Carol Burnett Show” also aired on Monday nights, generally at 10pm. Earlier that evening, “Here's Lucy” aired “Lucy, the Cement Worker” (HL S2;E10) guest-starring Paul Winchell.

In Carol's opening remarks she tells the audience about a recent Halloween at her home. She also tells the audience she was born in San Antonio, but raised in Hollywood since the age of seven.

Carol introduces George Carlin, who does a stand-up routine criticizing the Emmy Awards' bias in favor of big-budget shows. He compares late night 'shows' like “Sermonette” and “The Star-Spangled Banner” to the likes of  “The Ed Sullivan Show.” He imagines a big-budge version of “The FBI List of Most Wanted Men,” including a commercial for The Justice Department.

Carlin: “Remember for anti-trust or Commie bust, the Department that's just, is really a must!  Don't leave your family defenseless.  And now, heeeeeeeeere's  J. Edgar!” ('Tonight Show' theme plays).

Carol sings a song written by audience member Sue Vogelsanger. It is titled “Just Talkin'.” Vogelsanger and her husband are in the audience.

In Lucille Ball's first appearance on the show, two flight attendants Finster (Carol) and Agnes Hooper (Lucille Ball) compete for a best employee award from their employer, BWA. They encounter a mysterious passenger (Harvey Korman) with a Fidel Castro-like beard, cigars tucked in his breast pocket, and a Spanish accent.

Hooper: “Where are you from, sir?  Havana?” Passenger: (alarmed) “Havana? What makes you think I'm from Havana?” Hooper: “Well, if it's one thing I know, it's a Cuban accent.”

This meta moment relies on the audience knowing that Lucille Ball was married to Desi Arnaz, a Cuban immigrant, as was his sitcom counterpart, Ricky Ricardo.

When the passenger pulls out a gun, Hooper and Finster fight over who will clean it for him. In the struggle, they inadvertently push him out the plane door, foiling his hijacking.

Lucy Carmichael and Carol Bradford trained as flight attendants in a two-part “The Lucy Show” in 1967.  

Lyle and Vicki perform "Try a Little Kindness" by Curt Sapaugh and Bobby Austin, first recorded by Glen Campbell less than a month earlier.

The second half of the show opens with Carol in the shower singing “I Say A Little Prayer” written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David for Dionne Warwick in 1967. The song opens, however, with a verse of “Singin' in the Rain” by Arthur Freed and music by Nacio Herb Brown (1931). At the end of the song, Carol leaves the shower, and the camera reveals four soaking wet musicians in tuxedos inside.

Next is a spoof of Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice, a controversial 1969 film about two couples who end up in bed together. It was made into a short-lived TV series in 1973. Bob (originally Robert Culp) is played by Lyle Waggoner, Carol (originally Natalie Wood) is played by Carol Burnett, Ted (originally Elliott Gould) is played by Harvey Korman, and Alice (originally Dyan Cannon) is played by Lucille Ball.  

Ted: “I'm afraid the neighbors will talk.” Alice: “No, they won't.” Carol: “Why not?” Alice: “We're the neighbors.”

In the final sketch, Harvey Korman plays Tommy Two Step, the emcee at an old vaudeville theatre in 1919. Onstage, he introduces Polly (Carol) and Dolly (Lucy), the Rock Sisters. 

They sing “Happiness Cocktail” while strumming ukuleles. Dolly then breaks out a saxophone, and Polly a coronet. Although Lucille Ball had a basic knowledge of both saxophone and ukulele (and demonstrated it on her sitcoms), she is pantomiming to the offstage orchestra, as is Carol. Lyle Waggoner plays the theatre manager who fires the act.

Fast forward to 1969, where fast-talking disc jockey Big Daddy (George Carlin) desperately needs one more act for a big 100-group rock concert. His dim-witted girlfriend / groupie Tondalayo (Vicki Lawrence) hires the Rock Sisters by telegram, based on their name alone.

Polly: “Our gowns!  Where are our gowns?” Dolly: “I took them to the cleaners.” Polly: “Do you think they're ready?” Dolly: “They should be. I took them in 1931.”

Oops! During the airline sketch, during a more serious moment with Carol and Harvey, Lucy starts to smile, about to break character, but quickly regains her composure.  

When Lucy catches Harvey's spat-out cigar in mid-air, Korman gives her a long, admiring glance as if to say “Well done!” Gary Morton's laugh from the audience can be heard during this moment.  

When Korman's character loudly announces he's got a gun and is hijacking the plane to Cuba, the other passengers (background actors) don't react at all!  

This Date in Lucy History - November 24th

"Redecorating" (ILL S2;E8) – November 24, 1952

#The Carol Burnett Show #Carol Bunett #Lucille Ball #Lucy #George Carlin #Harvey Korman #Vicki Lawrence #Lyle Waggoner #Dave Powers #1969 #Sue Vogelsanger #Gary Morton #Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice #vaudeville #Say a little prayer #Try a little kindness #cbs #tv

[dranupamkumarmishra]

THE ANTI-HIJACKING ACT, 1982 No.65 OF 1982 [6th November, 1982.]

THE ANTI-HIJACKING ACT, 1982 No.65 OF 1982 [6th November, 1982.]

THE ANTI-HIJACKING ACT, 1982 No.65 OF 1982 [6th November, 1982.] An Act to give effect to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft and for matters connected therewith. Contents CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY 1 Short title, extent, application and commencement 2 Definitions CHAPTER II HIJACKING AND CONNECTED OFFENCES 3 Hijacking 4 Punishment for hijacking 5 Punishme…

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#1982 No.65 OF 1982 [6th November #1982.] An Act to give effect to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft and for matters connected therewith. Cont #extent #THE ANTI-HIJACKING ACT

[focalwriterworks]

MAD MAX: FURY ROAD

After the animated family films Happy Feet (2006), and its 2011 sequel, and 1998’s Babe: Pig in the City, Australian director George Miller returns with a rejuvenated vengeance to his violent, fashionably post-apocalyptic, punk rocking Mad Max origins.

The Story: The leader of a cult-like, waste-land totalitarian dictatorship who calls himself Immortan Joe (Hugh Keays-Byrne, who also played the villain Toecutter from the original Mad Max (1979)), sets out on a chase across the desert to retrieve a possibly endangered, or hijacked, caravan delivering precious cargo to another tribe.  Rebellious follower Imperator Furiosa (Charlize Theron) instigated this deviation from Joe’s plan, or so it will also look to be an attempt at escaping his, and other tribe leaders’, oppression.  She’s determined to part ways with these weirdoes—this future civilization call them War Boys—as we come to realize, for good, sane reasons, since these men rule with messed up beliefs on how to treat a lady.  Or ladies in general.  And that becomes our movie’s good message of equality.

The Goods: I say tribe because we get the impression cities as we know them don’t exist.  And if we’re following the original trilogy—Mad Max, The Road Warrior (1981) and Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome (1985)—the future is sort of city-less and is “nationed” by rogue societies of nomads jacked on the fumes of desert hotrods and monster muscle cars salvaged from the past generation’s war-torn leftovers.  

Joe’s minions, brain washed on a diet of slavery, starvation and naive god-like imagery of Joe as their messiah, fight one another to serve in Joe’s army of fanatics.  After all, Joe supplies them, and the people of their tribe, with scarce sources of water that only Joe controls.

This is a future of shortages, primarily water shortage, whereas petrol was the resource of Mad Max movies of old.  And speaking of Max (Tom Hardy), a former police officer from when society had police, he may very well be stark raving mad, as the moniker Mad Max implies—another sort of embellishment from past films, as Max’s past haunts him here.  He’s been taken hostage, found roaming the desert in his supercharged, engine-poking-from-the-hood Ford XB Falcon Coupe and is being used for his blood, as sort of an intravenous drip bag, chained down and muzzled to the front chase vehicle driven by Nux (Nicolas Hoult).  Nux is transfusing-in Max’s blood which somehow gives him power.  Possibly a clan ritual, possibly the blood of someone outside of the fold as we later might gleam Joe’s closest followers may be of his own loins.  An incestuous population?  Possibly, though it’s never stated overtly. That’s just how crazy things appear, and as we discover there’s a very maternal matter at hand that makes Joe’s vision of the world pretty darn creepy.

Mad Max: Fury Road is an audacious return to form for George Miller.  I’d say surpasses a return to form and obliterates the film form in general.  This is a simple plot, it’s a journey if you will, sort of like Dante’s Inferno, as we travel through the fires of hell, metaphorically, visually, through a sort of calm purgatory, and back.  Along for the ride is this hero, Max, who as a hero in a movie challenges preconceived ideas of such a character in today’s commercial narrative films.  Because this story is really not about him, his screen time is not the most prevalent, and like the message unfolding Max and Furiosa are equally tasked with hero-ing this film.  While the plot is oversimplified this notion of hero as stumbled upon side-kick (I even mention him late in this review), as hero but not hero, is sort of anti-Hollywood narrative.  It’s one of many sub-structured layers that work on your subconscious as you’re watching the film, telling you over and over that there’s something different about the movie, other than seeing gruesome things you don’t see every day, that says it’s special. Your expectations of what the hero should be doing isn’t happening and surprisingly you’re not confused by it; that this somewhat skewed notion of hero doesn’t disrupt your ability to suspend disbelief and have a good time.  When people say it was a good movie, how do you define it? How do you define good?   We can start by noticing that form like this in Mad Max: Fury Road—structure and definition of character—challenges popular filmmaking traditions, and Miller makes it work for this story.

It helps too that the sheer spectacle of death and destruction by awesome machines and stunts, that puts Fast and Furious and Marvel films to shame here, is also giving this film its wow factor. These are not things you see every day in films and quite honestly haven’t seen since Miller’s Road Warrior, or, in a film like Raiders of the Lost Ark (1982) which whole sequences—acts no less—in Fury Road are reminiscent of, in terms of natives or bad guys storming the stagecoach in western films of old, like John Ford’s Stagecoach (1939).  The whole of Fury Road, beginning and end, could be described as one big “Indiana Jones steals the Ark of the Covenant from the Nazi truck” scene.

And it’s brilliant. Lucasfilm, Disney and Marvel, because of the sheer volume of shots and the velocity at which they appear, with moving cameras no less, pushing in on the action as Joe, the War Boys and their armies threaten our heroes while in movement at outrageous speeds across the desert, should be reason number one for hiring Miller as their resident film professor.  He’s going to teach the Alan Taylors, the Gareth Edwards’ and even the J.J. Abrams, Joe Cornish and Edgar Wrights of the Disney-Marvel-Pixar-Star Wars universe how to make action films; how to give the audience a ride for their money.  No disrespect to Joss Whedon, or Brad Bird, but Miller proves here that he is more akin to the Spielberg school of storyboarding and shot sequencing, and has had to have some kind of mystical walkabout to have returned with this caffeine-induced visual madness.  Also, giving him a greater edge here in the 21st century, is digital imaging.  Visual effects teams like Peter Jackson’s Weta Workshop.  Which by the way, if you see Jackson’s earlier work, in The Frighteners (1996), you’ll see a Miller influence.

The literature, too, of Miller’s work rivals that of J.K. Rowling, in terms of a language, a vocabulary that is born of this strange, science fiction, fantasy world.  For the entire Mad Max trilogy before and beyond Fury Road.  Names like The Bullet Farmer, Cheedo the Fragile, Toast the Knowing (played by Zoe Kravitz), and words, combinations and fragments of the English language pieced together with parts lost over time that sound like the Nadsat slang in Andrew Burgess’s A Clockwork Orange.

And because Miller essentially has a dual hero team in Max and Furiosa, the new franchise limits are endless; films for him, films for her, films for boys and girls, and ancillary projects that tie in the very best of Fast and Furious car and stunt spectacle with a fantasy, science fiction, comic book-like world.  In many, many ways it’s what Marvel Comic films should be.  But Miller has the advantage in that he doesn’t have to incorporate the entire comic book world in each of his films.  He just focuses on the task at hand and gives us an extreme study of that one thing.  And when this version of Mad Max peters out, in Mad Max 5 which after Mad, then Max, then MM8, when they get around to The Maddest Max, they can bring in Mel Gibson, who played the original Max, back for a cameo.

What’s striking here, in contrast to what we can now call Miller’s prequels, is how freaking colorful this film is and how it plays with our senses.  Fiery red, orange and amber of hell and the blue of limbo, and the orange wash of sand that I know is digitally enhanced, like sprays of ocean waves, the sand color gradation incorporates all the colors of the desert, the fire, the sunset horizon, the death and blood we see on screen…it’s real art, and it’s hidden within the code of filmmaking that Miller has a firm grasp on.  Like you see his understanding of silent films; you see him incorporating copious fade-outs, and vignettes, sort of like he did with  Babe: Pig in the City, but to a greater degree in Road Warrior as a P.O.V. technique.  No one really uses wipes or fade-ins, fade-outs like this anymore. And Miller uses them here copiously.

Oscar winning cinematographer John Seale (Harry Potter and The Sorcerer’s Stone (2001)) also photographs this violent desert macabre opera as lavishly as he did The English Patient (1996), or even Dead Poets Society (1989), but on a wider, hopped-up-on-ecstasy scale. Music by Junkie XL then synthesizes the emotions of anguish and anger from the two camps of characters here, protagonists and antagonists, and marries them to the colors and images with such deftness you think you’re hearing a John Williams score, or Hans Zimmer compositions.  Oh so polished, and professional, and moving.  That moment when you first feel your emotions tingling and you feel sensually moved it’s because of what you’re seeing and what you’re hearing, all in one ornate bag of perfectly popped kaleidoscope popcorn. Skulls in your face.  Fire charring your brows.  Skinheads racing to take you away.  And then string and wind instruments sweeping in to lift you from the hell.

The Flaws: Bringing us back to reality then is this sort of watered down spirit, past the point where the film has already won us over; it is a denouement, or hand-held walk toward an ending that says this is a film for a wide audience.  That in the end, really, if they can sit through Mr. Miller’s Wild Toad Ride, then yes grandma can walk out of the theater feeling touched.  That there is a good cause to all this annihilation.  And there very well is in the premise of this.  That, no, Thelma and Louise were not criminals; that those ladies took their own lives into their hands, just like Butch Cassidy and Sundance before them, and regardless of how things ended for them you felt like they got their point across.

Men’s Rights activists complaining and boycotting Mad Max: Fury Road because of what they think is a feminist agenda?  Is ridiculous.  But that very strong message, as warm as it is, and as good as it is, sort of lends too much wholesomeness to this crazy death race into the desert and back (Death Race 2000 (1975) may have very well been one of the car-themed films that started it all for Miller). So it goes down a little too easy, so what.  It goes soft. That in the end it feels more commercial like Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome, which I wasn’t a fan of at the time, in comparison to the first two.  Will all that really matter when you walk out of the theater splashing water on your face?

The Call:  Spend the ten. Best action film of the year…but also better than most films period because there is a moral significance amongst the mayhem.  A righteous cause for heroes, hinted at in The Road Warrior and Beyond Thunderdome. Mad Max: Fury Road has a fantastic, polished, professional production value that rivals fricken’ Mission: Impossible films and most any big summer blockbuster. And yet it is token Millerism, heightened in a modern sense, in a contemporary sense with a nostalgic twist, as if the wiser, older and more commercially pliable Miller is paying homage to his younger, independent self without losing his newer Babe: Pig in the City, bill-paying, wide release maturity.

Rated R for intense sequences of violence throughout, and for disturbing images. Running time is 2 hours.  

By Jon Lamoreaux.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.27

1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1499 – Americo Vespucci, on Spanish financed trip, sights coast south of Cape Cassipore. 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs. 1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle. 1760 – Anglo-Cherokee War: Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina. 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate. 1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign. 1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York City, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives. 1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia. 1905 – During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin. 1914 – The Illinois Monument is dedicated at Cheatham Hill in what is now the Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi convenes an eleven-day conference to discuss Japan's strategy in China. The Tanaka Memorial, a forged plan for world domination, is later claimed to be a secret report leaked from this conference. 1928 – The Rovaniemi township decree was promulgated, as a result of which Rovaniemi seceded from the old rural municipality as its own market town on January 1, 1929. 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews. 1941 – World War II: German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa. 1944 – World War II: Mogaung is the first place in Burma to be liberated from the Japanese by British 'Chindits', supported by the Chinese. 1946 – In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship. 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War. 1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1954 – The FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game. 1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana. 1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship. 1974 – U.S. president Richard Nixon visits the Soviet Union. 1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv-Athens-Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PFLP and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda. 1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti. 1980 – The 'Ustica massacre': Itavia Flight 870 crashes in the sea while en route from Bologna to Palermo, Italy, killing all 81 on board. 1981 – The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party issues its "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", laying the blame for the Cultural Revolution on Mao Zedong. 1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS-4. 1988 – The Gare de Lyon rail accident in Paris, France, kills 56 people. 1988 – Villa Tunari massacre: Bolivian anti-narcotics police kill nine to 12 and injure over a hundred protesting coca-growing peasants. 1991 – Two days after it had declared independence, Slovenia is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft, starting the Ten-Day War. 1994 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan. Seven people are killed, 660 injured. 2007 – Tony Blair resigns as British Prime Minister, a position he had held since 1997. His Chancellor, Gordon Brown succeeds him. 2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre. 2008 – In a highly scrutinized election President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is re-elected in a landslide after his opponent Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn a week earlier, citing violence against his party's supporters. 2013 – NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, a space probe to observe the Sun. 2014 – At least fourteen people are killed when a Gas Authority of India Limited pipeline explodes in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. 2015 – Formosa Fun Coast fire: A dust fire occurs at a recreational water park in Taiwan, killing 15 people and injuring 497 others, 199 critically. 2017 – A series of powerful cyberattacks using the Petya malware target websites of Ukrainian organizations and counterparts with Ukrainian connections around the globe.

#Events

[wionews]

Jet Airways hijack scare: Jeweller arrested under anti-hijacking act

The jeweller, who allegedly planted a note about hijackers and a bomb in the toilet of a Mumbai-Delhi Jet Airways flight, was on Tuesday arrested under the stringent Anti-Hijacking Act, a senior official said.

Police said that the arrest was the first since the Anti-Hijacking Act came into force in 2017 and that they would hand over the case to the National Investigating Agency (NIA) if the central government wanted.

A police official told PTI that the accused, Salla, was a multi-millionaire jeweller from Mumbai who wanted the airlines to be shut so that his girlfriend, who worked at its Delhi-based office could leave her job and stay with him in Mumbai.

"Salla is a multi-millionaire jeweller, who has a flat in a posh locality of Mumbai. He is originally from Dedan village of Amreli district," the police official said.

"The accused had planted the note with an intention to close down Jet Airways so that his girlfriend working in the Delhi-based office of the airline would leave her job and come to stay with him in Mumbai," Joint Commissioner of Police (crime) JK Bhatt told the press.

He said the accused had earlier complained of finding a cockroach in the food served on Jet Airways flight.

"We are investigating if he is in contact with any other anti-social groups. We have not found any other offence against him," Bhatt said.

The Anti-Hijacking Act, which replaces the 1982 vintage law, can lead to maximum punishment of life imprisonment till death for an accused and allow his properties to be confiscated, the top police official said.

"We have arrested him under the Anti-Hijacking Act sections. This is the first arrest under the Act after it came into force," Joint Commissioner of Police (crime) JK Bhatt said.

"We are in contact with the National Investigation Agency. The case may be handed over to the NIA if the Centre wants," he said.

The Mumbai-Delhi Jet Airways flight, with 115 passengers and seven crew members on board, had yesterday made an emergency landing after a note stating that there were hijackers and a bomb on board was found in the plane's washroom.

All 122 people on board were safely evacuated from the Boeing 737-900 plane which was parked at a remote bay.

The note, allegedly placed by Salla, stated that there were hijackers and a bomb in the cargo area, officials had said earlier.

It was a printed note in Urdu and English, asking that the plane be flown straight to PoK (Pakistan occupied Kashmir). It ended with the words, "Allah is Great".

The reference to PoK made investigators suspicious because Pakistan-based terrorists call the area 'Azad Kashmir', an official had said.

(with inputs from PTI)

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[competitiveguide]

Current Affairs Questions of 9th July 2017

(Q) Which law enforcement agency has created the GST Rate Finder app ? (A) Central Board of Excise and Customs (CBEC) (Q) 122 countries signed the _________ to ban nuclear weapons. (A) Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (Q) Name the Badminton player who won the Sportsperson of the Year 2017. (A) P.V.Sindhu (Q) The 2017 G20 Summit was held in which German city ? (A) Hamburg (Q) China issued ‘safety advisory‘ for its citizens travelling to _________. (A) India (Q) Name the Indian who has been awarded Order of Australia for community work, the highest civilian award in Australia. (A) Guruswamy Jayraman (Q) The Supreme Court  stayed the _________ High Court decision to give the rivers Ganga and Yamuna the status of “legal persons”. (A) Uttarakhand (Q) Who won the 2017 South Australian Open squash title ? (A) Harinder Sandhu (Q) As per a new rule by the RBI, a customer must report fraud in ____ days to avoid losses. (A) 3 (Q) Canara HSBC Oriental Bank of Commerce Life Insurance has tied up with which bank for marketing bancassurance ? (A) Dhanalaxmi Bank (Q) Virat Kohli broke Sachin Tendulkar‘s record for most hundreds in One Day Internationals(ODIs). He took ____ innings to do it. (A) 102 (Q) National Security Guard (NSG) organised the first International Aviation Security Seminar in __________. (A) Haryana (Q) The United States, Russia and Jordan  signed a ceasefire agreement to stop war in _______. (A) Syria (Q) Jim DuBois has resigned as the chief information officer(CIO) of ________. (A) Microsoft (Q) The Anti-Hijacking Act was first passed in India in ________. (A) 1982 More Current Affairs Questions on 9th July 2017 : http://ift.tt/2uXNxke

From Blogger http://ift.tt/2tZwilc via http://ift.tt/2aY4od2

#Online Exams #G.k #Current Affairs #News Articles #Question Bank #Study Material

[loyallogic]

An overview of the Anti-Hijacking Act, 2016

This article is written by Vandana Shrivastava, a student of B.A.L.L.B.(Hons.) at the Institute of Law, Nirma University, Ahmedabad. The article gives an outline of the Anti-Hijacking Act, 2016, its shortcomings.

Introduction

In 2017, a threat note was found inside the business-class washroom of a Jet Airways flight which stated that there were hijackers on board with explosives. The Captain of the flight made an emergency landing on discovering the threat. It was revealed that the threat was a hoax implanted by a man who wanted his Jet employee girlfriend, based in Delhi, to move to Mumbai. The man was sentenced with imprisonment for life by the Court. On observation, the trivialised image of a hijack in the mind of a man intimates upon the need for stringent, exemplary laws to prevent such incidents in the future. 

The Anti-Hijacking Law, 2016 lays down rigid punishment for the offenders, so that civil aviation could function smoothly. Further, India is a signatory to some Conventions and had to modify its laws. The article will discuss the evolution of the new Anti-Hijacking Law and its general provisions, along with the points which the novel statute missed out on.

History

Anti-Hijacking Act, 1982 governed the offences relating to hijacking. The Narendra Modi administration gained power in 2014 and believed that the 1982 Act did not suffice to deal with modern hijacking techniques. Furthermore, the Act lacked stringent penalties and punishments and did not penalise false hijacking threats. Anti-Hijacking Bill, 2014 was introduced in the Rajya Sabha and was passed in the year 2016. The new Act repealed and replaced the 1982 statute. The 2016 Act was enacted to give effect to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft, 1970 (also known as the Hague Hijacking Convention) and the 2010 Beijing Protocol Supplementary to the Convention which India has acceded to.

The Hague Hijacking Convention is a multilateral treaty, the member states of which agree to prohibit and punish aircraft hijacking. The convention exclusively applies to civilian aircraft and excludes customs, law enforcement and military aircraft. Being an International Convention, it only addresses the situations where the aircraft takes off or lands in a place that is not a part of the aircraft’s registration country. The convention also lays down the principle of ‘aut dedere aut judicare’ which states that states have a legal obligation under the public international law to prosecute the persons who are accused of committing serious international crimes, in this case, aircraft hijacking, when no other state has requested the extradition of the accused person.

Old Act v. The New Act

The 1982 statute had a narrow scope for the offence of hijacking by taking into regard only the physical presence of the hijacker in the aircraft. The new Act has broadened the definition of hijacking by the inclusion of an attempt to seize or gain control of an aircraft through any ‘technological’ means. This is broad in the sense that physical absence of hijackers from the aircraft would not spare them from being prosecuted for an attempt or commission of hijacking an aircraft using such technology that does not require their physical presence.

The old Act provided for weak penalties and punishments for the offence. It considered an aircraft ‘in-service’ from the time of shutting the aircraft doors to the moment every passenger has gotten off. The new Act has introduced the death penalty and a life sentence for hijacking attempts and hoaxes. It considers an aircraft to be ‘in-service’ from the commencement of the pre-flight preparation by the ground personnel or the crew till 24 hours after the landing of the aircraft. In cases of forced landings, the flight is deemed to continue until a competent authority takes over the responsibility for the aircraft. Furthermore, the new Anti-Hijacking Act would still be applicable if the offence of hijacking takes places outside India in an aircraft that is registered in India or is leased to Indians, or when the offender is in India or if the offender is stateless but is a resident of India, or when the offence is committed against Indians.

Anti-Hijacking Act, 2016

The Anti-Hijacking Act, 2016 (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Act’) lays down the ingredients for the attempt and commission of the offence of hijacking and the trial procedure for the same. Section 3 of the Act states that a person would be said to have committed the offence of hijacking:

By unlawful and intentional seizure or exercise of control over an aircraft ‘in-service’ by threat or force; or

By coercion; or

By any form of intimidation; or

By any technological means.

Besides the above-mentioned acts, a person would be liable for the offence of hijacking when such person threatens to commit the offence of hijacking or causes any person to receive such a threat which the recipient has the reason to find credible; or attempts to commit or abets the commission of hijacking, or organises or directs other persons to hijack an aircraft, or is an accomplice in the offence of hijacking. Providing unlawful and intentional assistance to a person in evasion from the investigation, prosecution or punishment whilst possessing the knowledge that the assisted person has committed the offence of hijacking would also be deemed as a hijacker.

An offender could only be liable for hijacking when the act or threat takes place while the aircraft is ‘in-service’. Section 3(4) of the Act states that an aircraft is deemed to be in service from the beginning of the pre-flight preparation of the aircraft by the ground personnel or the crew for the specific flight and shall continue till 24 hours from the landing. In the event of a forced landing, the aircraft is deemed to be in service until a competent authority takes charge for the aircraft, people and property on board.

Punishment

If any hostage or a security person who is not associated with the offence of hijacking, dies as a direct consequence of the hijack, then the offender who caused the death shall be punished under Section 4 of the Act with death or imprisonment for life along with fine and confiscation of the movable and immovable property of the offender.

Section 5 of the Act lays down the punishment for acts of violence that are connected to hijacking. It states that if a person who is a party to the offence of hijacking commits an act of violence against a passenger or a crew member of the aircraft, such person will be punishable for the offence committed by him. For instance, slapping a hostage would make the hijacker liable for battery and will be punished according to the provisions for battery in the Indian Penal Code, 1860.

Jurisdiction

Concerning offences under Sections 3 and 5 of the Act committed outside India, Section 7 of the Act states that the offender will be dealt with in the same manner as if the offence were committed within the territory of India. Indian Courts would be empowered to take cognizance for offences committed under Sections 3 and 5 only under the following conditions:

Commission of the offence within the territory of India;

The offence so committed is against or on board an aircraft registered in India;

The offence is committed on board and the hijacked aircraft lands in India with the person accused of committing the offence is still on board;

The offence is committed against an onboard aircraft which is leased without crew and the lessee’s place of business or residence in India;

The offence is committed against a citizen of India;

A stateless person whose habitual residence is in the territory of India has committed the offence;

The offence is committed by an alleged offender who is in India but is not extradited as per the provisions of Section 11 of the Act.

Miscellaneous provisions

Application of the Code of Criminal Procedure

The Act provides a detailed explanation of the acts that would amount to offences related to hijacking. However, in the event of committing the offence of hijacking, the offenders often commit acts or omissions that would generate criminal liability regardless of the hijack. Besides, the Act specifically applies to hijacking, but the procedure before the Courts would largely remain the same.

Where procedure for the trial of a hijacker which is not predetermined under the Act, or situations on which the Act is silent, Section 10 of the Act provides that such conditions would be governed by the application of the Code of the Criminal Procedure (CrPC) before a Designated Court.

Extradition

Section 11 of the Act provides for extradition. It states that offences committed under Sections 3 and 5 of the Act will be deemed to have been included in the category of ‘extraditable offences’ and ‘extraditable treaties’. The Extradition Act, 1962 would apply to offences under this Act when any aircraft registered in a country which is a signatory to the Convention is deemed to be within the jurisdiction of the member country when it is in service. It is immaterial if the aircraft is also within the jurisdiction of another country.

Presumption

For offences committed under Sections 3 and 5, if it is proved that the alleged offender was in the possession of the arms, ammunitions or explosives and there exists a reason to believe that armaments or explosives of similar nature were used in the commission of the offence, or when there exists evidence of the use of force, the threat of force or intimidation caused to the passengers or the crew of the aircraft concerning the commission of the offence, the Court will presume the offender to be guilty unless the contrary is proved.

Good Faith

Section 17 of the Act states that an act committed in good faith or an act intended to be done in pursuance of the provisions of the Anti-Hijacking Act, 2016 shall protect a person from any lawsuit, prosecution and other legal proceedings. The same protection is provided to the Central Government for any damage caused or likely to be caused while acting in good faith or pursuance of the provisions of this Act.

                     Shortcomings of the Act

Although the 2016 Act shows great improvement in comparison to the previous legislation which was last amended in 1994, the Act still has certain shortcomings. For instance, the definition of ‘Aircraft’ under Section 2(b) of the Act, identifies any aircraft as an aircraft regardless of whether it is registered in India. It also excludes aircraft used in customs or police services, which ideally should have been under the purview of Section 2(b) as they are also prone to be hijacked. The Act also fails to provide a provision for punishing perpetrators for hoax calls. When it comes to hijacking, hoax calls can result in massive waves of panic and can easily result in a violent transaction. They tend to be distressful for the security agencies as well, who end up utilising essential resources while investigating the veracity of the call.

Conclusion 

The 2016 Act is wider than the 1982 Act. With the inclusion of stringent punishments, penalties and seizure of property, notorious individuals will refrain from playing pranks with the aviation sector. The world has not witnessed any major hijacking case in a long time and hopefully, it shall remain so. The current provision, despite being exhaustive, needs certain additions to the same. Such additions could be made by amendments or by judicial interpretations.

References

The Anti-Hijacking Act, 2016: An Explainer.

Explained: Hijacking Act; why a hoax led to a life term.

India’s tough anti-hijacking law comes into force.

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[theindiapost]

Death for hijackers if ‘anyone’ dies

Death for hijackers if ‘anyone’ dies

New Delhi, July 6

The country’s new anti-hijacking law, which prescribes capital punishment in the event of death of “any person”, has come into force following a government notification.

The 2016 Anti-Hijacking Act replaces a 1982 vintage law, according to which hijackers could be tried only in the event of death of hostages, such as flight crew, passengers and security personnel. Now, the…

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[annemariebennoun-blog]

Day 7

 Friday, January  And on the Seventh Day...

Coincidentally or purposely, President Trump chose International Holocaust Remembrance Day to sign an executive order to suspend the entrance of refugees into the United States and suspend immigration from seven Muslim countries (Iraq, Syria, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen). President Trump also signed today a memorandum: “This is the rebuilding of the armed services,” that call “for budget negotiations to acquire new planes, new ships and new resources for the nation’s military”. “Our military strength will be questioned by no one, but neither will our dedication to peace,” Mr. Trump said.

THE PROMISES The campaign rhetoric has been certainly softened –gone is the promise of a Muslim registry- but this executive order reflects nonetheless an undeniable anti-Muslim policy.  As for the memorandum, it appears to make good on Candidate Trump’s promise to strengthen the military.

THE DAILY GRIND 1. “Protecting the Nation From Foreign Terrorist Entry Into the United                States”: ·      The order bans Syrian refugee resettlement in the U.S. indefinitely ·      The Order shuts down the entire U.S. refugee program for 120 days ·      The Order bars all immigrants and visitors from seven Muslim-majority                 countries from entering the U.S. for at least 90 days (Iraq, Syria, Iran,                   Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen.  2. Memorandum on the armed forces: ·      Gives Defense Secretary James Mattis 30 days to conduct a review to                assess "readiness conditions, including training, equipment maintenance,          munitions, modernization, and infrastructure." ·      Gives Defense Secretary James Mattis 60 days to submit a plan of action          to improve and/or fix what has been found in the review. ·      Calls for a review of the nuclear triad "to ensure that the United States                nuclear deterrent is modern, robust, flexible, resilient, ready, and                          appropriately tailored to deter 21st-century threats and reassure our allies." ·      Calls for a review of Ballistic Missile Defense "to identify ways of                          strengthening missile-defense capabilities, rebalancing homeland and                theater defense priorities, and highlighting priority funding areas."

WHAT DOES IT ALL MEAN 1. The executive order ·      Who are the refugees entering the US?        According to a Pew Research report: In the fiscal year 2016 more than                70,000 refugees have been admitted to the U.S: the largest numbers have          come from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burma (Myanmar) and          Syria. ·      How many Syrian refugees are accepted in the US?        With the 10,000 admitted this fiscal year, the United States has now                    accepted nearly 12,000 Syrian refugees since the civil war began five years        ago. This number is not only  a small percentage of all refugees accepted in        the US, it is also a small number of Syrian refugees accepted in the US              compared to the 2.7 millions accepted in Turkey, approximately 1 million in        Lebanon and more than 40,000 accepted in Germany, to mention only               some of the country hosts.      ·      Why were the 7 countries single out?        Iraq, Syria, Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen.        Of these countries only Iran, Sudan and Syria are considered State                      Sponsors of Terrorism on the watch list of the Department of Defense.                South Yemen was removed from the list in 1990, Iraq was removed twice in        1982 and 2004, Libya was removed in 2006.        It is worth noting that President Trump and his family have no known                  business interest in these countries. .      Which countries are missing in this list? And Why?        The “extreme vetting” plan is designed to prevent “radical Islamic                        terrorists” from perpetrating attacks on American soil. Since 9/11, no                  foreign nationals have conducted such act in the U.S. The 19 hijackers of            9/11, were from Saudi Arabia (15), the  United Arab Emirates (3), Egypt (1)          and Lebanon (1). None of these countries are on  today’s visa ban list.                 Neither is Turkey for that matter. According to NPR, “the Trump family has           significant commercial interests in Turkey and Azerbaijan, is developing               properties in Indonesia and Dubai, and has formed companies in Egypt               and Saudi Arabia”.  .    Who are the ‘aliens’ who are going to be affected by the ban?       The executive order will mostly affected refugees from Muslim nations.               President Trump ordered that Christians and others from minority religions         be granted priority over Muslims. It seems that the Trump Administration             would be willing to make an exception for Christian Syrians. Since the ban         applies to all ‘aliens’ (i.e. everyone who does not   hold an U.S. citizenship),       green card holders or foreign nationals with work visas who are currently on       trips abroad could face difficulty entering the U.S. According to Propublica,       this could affect half a million legal residents from returning to the U. S. ·      Why the ban is not rooted in reality?        According to Politico, immigrants as a group (including Muslims) commit            crimes at a lower rate than American born citizens. “More than a third of            terrorist crimes are committed by converts, and, in many years, more                  terrorist deaths are caused by native-born right wingers than jihadists.” As          a Triangle Center on Terrorism and Homeland Security Study report                    released today notes, in 2016—the bloodiest year since 2001—only                    one-third of one percent of all murders in the U.S. were attributable to                terrorist violence by Muslim Americans. Do such data justify a policy of              exclusion? Isn’t that simply an islamophobic policy?  ·     What can be the negative effects of the executive order?        What is the signal sent to the American Muslim?        Would that fuel new hate crimes against Muslim in America?        Would that trigger the radicalization of some young American Muslims?        Would that help the anti-American propaganda in Muslim countries?        What is going to be the reaction of American allies in the Arab world?        Is the ban legal?        What would happen to “aliens residents” stuck at U.S airport?  ·     What are the reactions on both sides of the aisle?                                            Senate Majority Leader, Paul Ryan (R- WI) indicated in a written statement          "Our number one responsibility is to protect the homeland. We are a                     compassionate nation, and I support the refugee resettlement program,             but it's time to re-evaluate and strengthen the visa-vetting process…                   President Trump is right to make sure we are doing everything possible to           know exactly who is entering our country."         Senate Minority Chuck Schumer (D-NY) said, “tears are running down the           checks of the Statue of Liberty”         Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) called the move “a betrayal of American           values.”          Senator Chris Murphy (D-CT) wrote, “Trump has now handed ISIS a path           to rebirth."

WHAT CAN YOU DO TO HELP

1. Sign the petitions circulating on Social Medias from the ACLU,                     Change.org and the DNC.

2. Make your voice heard: write to your elected representatives.

   For more information read the following articles:

http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/10/05/key-facts-about-the-worlds-refugees/

http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/01/trump-immigration-refugee-vetting-consequences-executive-order-214702

https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-executive-order-could-block-legal-residents-from-returning-to-america

http://www.npr.org/2017/01/28/511996783/how-does-trumps-immigration-freeze-square-with-his-business-interests

http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/316652-democrats-denounce-trumps-actions-barring-refugees

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 6.27

1358 – The Republic of Ragusa is founded. 1497 – Cornish rebels Michael An Gof and Thomas Flamank are executed at Tyburn, London, England. 1556 – The thirteen Stratford Martyrs are burned at the stake near London for their Protestant beliefs. 1743 – In the Battle of Dettingen, George II becomes the last reigning British monarch to participate in a battle. 1760 – Anglo-Cherokee War: Cherokee warriors defeat British forces at the Battle of Echoee near present-day Otto, North Carolina. 1806 – British forces take Buenos Aires during the first of the British invasions of the River Plate. 1844 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith, are killed by a mob at the Carthage, Illinois jail. 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate forces defeat Union forces during the Battle of Kennesaw Mountain during the Atlanta Campaign. 1895 – The inaugural run of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad's Royal Blue from Washington, D.C., to New York City, the first U.S. passenger train to use electric locomotives. 1898 – The first solo circumnavigation of the globe is completed by Joshua Slocum from Briar Island, Nova Scotia. 1905 – During the Russo-Japanese War, sailors start a mutiny aboard the Russian battleship Potemkin. 1914 – The Illinois Monument is dedicated at Cheatham Hill in what is now the Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park. 1927 – Prime Minister of Japan Tanaka Giichi convenes an eleven-day conference to discuss Japan's strategy in China. The Tanaka Memorial, a forged plan for world domination, is later claimed to be a secret report leaked from this conference. 1941 – Romanian authorities launch one of the most violent pogroms in Jewish history in the city of Iași, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews. 1941 – World War II: German troops capture the city of Białystok during Operation Barbarossa. 1946 �� In the Canadian Citizenship Act, the Parliament of Canada establishes the definition of Canadian citizenship. 1950 – The United States decides to send troops to fight in the Korean War. 1954 – The Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Soviet Union's first nuclear power station, opens in Obninsk, near Moscow. 1954 – The FIFA World Cup quarterfinal match between Hungary and Brazil, highly anticipated to be exciting, instead turns violent, with three players ejected and further fighting continuing after the game. 1957 – Hurricane Audrey makes landfall near the Texas–Louisiana border, killing over 400 people, mainly in and around Cameron, Louisiana. 1973 – The President of Uruguay Juan María Bordaberry dissolves Parliament and establishes a dictatorship. 1974 – U.S. president Richard Nixon visits the Soviet Union. 1976 – Air France Flight 139 (Tel Aviv-Athens-Paris) is hijacked en route to Paris by the PLO and redirected to Entebbe, Uganda. 1977 – France grants independence to Djibouti. 1980 – The 'Ustica massacre': Itavia Flight 870 crashes in the sea while en route from Bologna to Palermo, Italy, killing all 81 on board. 1981 – The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issues its "Resolution on Certain Questions in the History of Our Party Since the Founding of the People's Republic of China", laying the blame for the Cultural Revolution on Mao Zedong. 1982 – Space Shuttle Columbia launched from the Kennedy Space Center on the final research and development flight mission, STS-4. 1988 – The Gare de Lyon rail accident in Paris, France, kills 56 people. 1988 – Villa Tunari massacre: Bolivian anti-narcotics police kill nine to 12 and injure over a hundred protesting coca-growing peasants. 1991 – Two days after it had declared independence, Slovenia is invaded by Yugoslav troops, tanks, and aircraft, starting the Ten-Day War. 1994 – Members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult release sarin gas in Matsumoto, Japan. Seven people are killed, 660 injured. 2007 – Tony Blair resigns as British Prime Minister, a position he had held since 1997. His Chancellor, Gordon Brown succeeds him. 2007 – The Brazilian Military Police invades the favelas of Complexo do Alemão in an episode which is remembered as the Complexo do Alemão massacre. 2008 – In a highly scrutinized election President of Zimbabwe Robert Mugabe is re-elected in a landslide after his opponent Morgan Tsvangirai had withdrawn a week earlier, citing violence against his party's supporters. 2013 – NASA launches the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, a space probe to observe the Sun. 2014 – At least fourteen people are killed when a Gas Authority of India Limited pipeline explodes in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh, India. 2015 – Formosa Fun Coast fire: A dust fire occurs at a recreational water park in Taiwan, killing 15 people and injuring 497 others, 199 critically. 2017 – A series of powerful cyberattacks using the Petya malware target websites of Ukrainian organizations and counterparts with Ukrainian connections around the globe.

#Events