#Sino-Tibetan

[ytilaremehpe-sselhtaed]

#polls #linguistics #languages #Slavic #Afro-Asiatic #ytilaremehpe-sselhtaed #Germanic #Indo-Iranian #Baltic #Romance #Uralic #Sino-Tibetan

[renegade-hierophant]

A Sino-Tibetan concertina-folded book, printed in Beijing in 1410, containing Sanskrit dhāranīs and illustrations of protective mantra-diagrams and deities, woodblock-printed in bright red ink on heavy white paper.

The script is Ranjana/Lantsha, an ornamental form of post-Gupta Brahmi. The text is printed twice, once on each side of the paper, so that the book may be read in the Indo-Tibetan manner by turning the pages from right to left or in Chinese style by turning from left to right.

This folding-book is protected at front and back by thicker board-like wrappers, with both the outside surface and the inside paste-down of each covered in fine pen-drawings in gold paint on black of 20 icons of the Tathāgatas, etc., arranged in 4 rows of 5 figures.

#printing #woodblock print #sanskrit #tibetan #sino-tibetan #chinese #dharani #mantra

[stannisbaratheon]

PURBA. c. 15th century, Sino-Tibetan. Made of metal alloys, gold, and silver.

A purba is a dagger-like stake with three blades that helps tantric practitioners overcome their aversions to substances that are typically considered abhorrent, like pus and blood. Pierced with the purba, the unsavory substances are ritually transformed into wondrous substances, such as nectar. The Cleveland Museum of Art.

#history #15th century #sino-tibetan #purba #tibetan art #god damn that's intricate

[o7ksy2lxbbu]

LA DIOSA ES LA SEXY CONEJITA EN LA SILLA GIRATORIA Blowjob hypnosis by Worlds Fastest Hypnotist RETARD SISTER lends her pussy to BROTHER Cute ladyboy gets sucked Busty Shyla Stylez and Alexis Amore Enjoy Sex Straight stud Mikah Lake gives twink rimjob and bareback anal Indian Village Girl First Time Forced Sex with Boy Friend Porn Video Brooke Bliss blows Cullen good at the Cutie Pad Mais uma de leve New Mylfs - Big Titted Amateur Milf Jasmine Daze Gets A Warm Creamy Welcome On Her First Porn Shoot

#stamin- #earthquaked #vilayets #sorato #intolerating #unartistically #lentissimo #ambash #Cudahy #Ader #journalise #bataleur #Drina #poikilie #discriminatively #Sino-Tibetan #rocklings #top-castle #gumshoing #leptospiras

[mapsontheweb]

Map of the distribution of the Sino-Tibetan Languages

#maps #asia #languages #sino tibetan languages

[lovelybrotherslovely]

Bai girl.

Source: https://pinterest.com/pin/979321881450942146/

#bai #folk costume #photography #china #sino tibetan #sinitic

[rimurutempest]

Someone better at reading both traditional Mandarin script & Japanese Kanji tell me how garbage these names are please, I need to know where I fucked up & I mean that sincerely:

Wo-Chien: Kobashira (蠱柱「こばしら」) Cursed Tower/Poison of (cremation) Ashes/Accursed Deity/Column of Miasma/Cursed Remains or Spirits

Chien-Pao: Seppen (雪片「せっぺん」) Snowflake/Snow Pea/Blade or Edge of Snow/Perfectly Defiled

Ting-Lu: Teitō (釘頭「ていとう」) Nail Head/Staring Head/(to)Pierce (one's) Head(with a nail)/Metal Leader(something or someone in front OR person in authority)/(to)Die (of a) Headache

Chi-Yu: Mikogane (御金「みこがね」) Heavenly or Godly Tribute/Authority of Gold or (trade value) "currency"/Driven Away (by) Stunning Beauty/Imperial Control (of) Wealth/Golden and Godlike (Tyrannical*) Ruler

I had a lot of fun coming up with these & looking at the etymology behind a lot of characters (Proto-Sino-Tibetan glyphs are SO COOL AHHHHHH???) so even hearing "wtf these are such a stretch & sound stupid you weirdo won't be a waste of time for me, I swear.

#pkmn #linguistics #language #mandarin chinese #japanese kanji #on'yomi #hiragana #ruinous treasure quartet #sv spoilers #archaic japanese #proto sino tibetan #PST #special interest #kodoku #i was just re reading up on this & gu ritual magic & on hitobashira while coming up with a nickname for my wo chien in violet #incidentally i named chien pao seppen (snowflake also a partial pun on snow pea) #my ting lu is named teitō (a double play on words with alternate readings of kanji; basically means nail head + head but more layers) #*i actually misremembered this & the two kanji as a compound mean nailhead actually! #i remembered the breakdown backwards lol #anyways finally chi yu is made up of the kanji for royalty/nobility (o-) which can be read in kan'on pronunciation as 'gyo'! #gyo = fish in compounds like 金魚(kingyo/goldfish) or 人魚(ningyo/mermaid) #+ the (archaic?) kanji for gold/money/currency #:3c i hope even if it's clumsy it at least is a little entertaining for someone else 🤟🥰

[natsunes]

resisiting the urge to share a brushing my teeth mirror selfie on my instagram story. i have never felt this insane

#patently untrue i feel insane often #however. not posting pictures of myself on my instagram story insane. #i just realized i need to figure out how to make friends #11pm at a fun anime convention im was here to have fun #what did i do? sit alone on the stairs for an hour reading the (franklu quite juicy) debate about sino-tibetan vs trans-himalayan #by LaPolla and Van Driem. academic articles. Yeah. #then i went backstage to clean. im not even on shift 😭😭😭 #this is what i mean by i need to make friends. who arent either 1. other volunteers who outside their shifts have friends #2. friends who leave early to get back home for the night (no shade if u see this but :( ) #then i went to go sleep and we get to the mirror teeth brushing selfie. its a good one. my pajamas is cute. #then i went to go sleep and thats how we get to the mirror teeth brushing selfie. its a good one. my pajamas are rly cute rn <3

[tumbler-polls]

Submitted by @ytilaremehpe-sselhtaed

#langblr #language #tumblr polls #travelling #linguistics #tumbler polls

[matthewslinguistics]

Proto-World update

I haven't visited my Tumblr in quite a while and I'd like to update you people on what I've thought of about Proto-World. I have further proof; Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p/ba, Proto-Turkic *apa, and Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔabw- all seem to descend from the same nursery of [aba] ~ [ʔapa].

#linguistics #pronunciation #proto sino tibetan #proto turkic #proto afroasiatic #nursery rhymes

[quoj]

[rain] i will admit i have no idea what sino tibetan is (there's a language between chinese and tibetan?). i'm a language fan not a language expert. give this anon a break (also ik very little of western african languages since weren't most of them replaced by french? and france actually zaps over most of its colonisation era in favour of the mainland) YES SANSKRIT LANGUAGES ARE GREAT

not replaced by french per se but combined with them

there were syncretized languages (parts of french and the original language)

and then creole languages (original languages affected by french enough to make them vaguely understandable to french people

and pidgin languages (simplified versions of french with limited influence from the original language)

west africa has literally like a hundred languages but the lingua franca there for trade is mainly yoruba

main families are nilo saharan (self explanatory) and niger congo (basically sub saharan)

one of the more well known creole languages over there is sango (ngbandi based) and like most creoles the informal speech is almost entirely ngbandi but the formal speech has more of french loanwords and whatnot

#sino tibetan is just another family like indo european except east asian branches #yes ik sango was used long before colonialization but its the most famous example of african creole I could think of rn #kind of depressing how many creole languages are used today in africa #BUT niger congo grammar does make sense #JUST LIKE SANSKRIT OMG A FELLOW SANSKRIT APPRECIATOR

[yourtongzhihazel]

To come to a dialectical conclusion on the clasicide of landlords under Mao Zedong, we must first: (a) understand historical context, (b) understand the popular will during that particular historical moment, (c) understand the material outcomes of the policy, and most importantly, (d) understand the dialectical and materialist foundation, justification, and theory.

Let us fisrt establish the historical context. Classicide ocurred in the late days of the second world war and the infancy of the Peoples Republic. In a roughly 5-7 year span. Predating the communist victory was a 12 year war against Japan, 10+ year civil war (with a break in the middle for the second sino-japanwse war), brief and chaotic rule under the GMD and warlords, followed by the Qing dynasty and beyond. During this time period, the peasantry was the largest and most oppressed class in the country, with minorities such as the Yi and Hui (and most famously, the Tibetan serfs) were entirely enslaved. During thr 1930s, in Shanghai alone, there would be employed body collectors who collected up to 100 dead peasants who had starved or froze to death in the streets. In the rural countryside, landlords held absolute sway over peasants who had to work the land and pay the rent with large proportions of their harvest. Landlords killing peasants for failure to meet quotas or rents was common and unpumished. Landlords raping peasants for rent or not likewise was common and unpunished. Evictions, property seizures, and forfeitures were also exceedingky common and backed by the state. For all intents and purposes, the peasant class was seen as entirely disposable banks of labor and nothing else. The forced selling of children to landlords so a family may survive was also common. The material effect of this millenia old system of oppression is a class full of revolutionary potential and (righteous) justified anger. Fanshen by William Hinton is a good documentary summary of the before and after of a rural peasantry village.

With the communist victory, the CPC put forth a very simple model for reform: assemble a committee of local and communist leaders, take suggestions and proposals from the population which are then put forth to a vote from the population. In many of the northern provinces, where communist bases and reform was more developed than the southern provinces, this process was largely peaceful and orderly. However, in the breadbasket of China, the southern provinces, where landlord control and excesses had been most fierce, the process was not nearly as peaceful. Apprehended landlords, mostly those who continued to try and hold land despite the incoming victory of the communists, were handed to the peasantey based on popular vote and they determined what happened to them. Usually, execution.

The outcome of the purging of the landlords was an egalitarian redistribution of of former landlord holdings to the peasants who actually lived and worked on the land. China at the time had about 500 million people. The landlord class was less than ten percent of the population, holding 70% of all the land. By the end of the land reform campaign, the entire class of landless peasantry was effectively eliminated as landless peasants were now landed.

The materialist and dialectical analysis of the land reform movement is as follows. The landlord class and the peasant class have diametrically opposed interests. The landlords want to maintain as much land as possible while the peasants want as much of the land as possible. There is no compromise solution because inevitably, these diametrically opposed forces will into play and class conflict will begin. If we give each class a 50/50 split, first of all, there would be no peasants to work the landlord's land and in effect, would eliminate the landlord class entirely as this too is a contradiction, but beyond that, the landlords want to get as much land as possible so they will put pressure on the landed peasants to sell or default so they can take it. This is an example of class warfare. Because there exists these antagonistic contradictions, the state exists to mediate class conflict. Before the communist victory, the state was controlled by the bourgeoisie, which included the landlord. This gave them all the power for mediation, allowing them to do whatever they want with no repurcussion, while any protest from peasants are shut down for "violence against property". When the communists put the peasantry in charge of the state, the script was flipped now it was the landlords' turn to eat their own medicine.

Eliminating the bourgeoisie as a class is not a secret communists are trying to hide. It is central to our thesis. By driving out landlords either through reeducation, exile, or killing, the result is rhe same: the destruction of the owning class. The only benefit of the landlord killings (if you want to call it that) is permanently compromising that individual landlord's chance of trying to gain back their power through insurrection, revolt, or other means.

Did excesses happen? Yes. Is killing landlords not ideal? Also, yes. However, we see that the landlord class interest of maintaining as much land as possible comes into conflict. The landlords were willing to rape, murder, enslave, evict, etc. to get more land before communist rule, and they were willing to kill and maim to keep it (hence why there was a civil war!). The contradiction thus could only be solved via violence. Thus, to criticize the landlord class liquidation is equivalent to criticizing the Algerians, or Vietnamese, or African slaves in Haiti and the americas in general as terrorists for fighting back, an opinion which only makes sense if you are not a member of these oppressed groups and classes.

You are, more likely than not, living in a dictatorship of the bourgeoisie. You are, more likely than not, not a member of the bourgeoisie (you work for a wage or salary and don't own things like a company, land, machibery, etc.), but rather a member of the proletariat. However, the ruling class in your country is not your class; it is the bourgeoisie. Therefore, the state has a vested interest in maintaining bouegeoisie rule. To that end, the media, economists, historians, teachers, etc. are groomed and incentivized into upholding bourgeoisie ideology. Thus, the rising of peasants against the bourgeoisie is seen as abhorrent violence, but the mundane violence of eviction, homelessness, starvation, as well as the casual murder, rape, and enslavement of the peasantey is simply seen as the cost of business at best, or entirely ignored or seen as good at worst. Thus, much of the literature on proletariat action is full of lies, exageration, and a focus on the bourgeoisie rather than the average person; the media has a bourgeoise class nature.

Know your class. Know your comrades. Know your class enemies.

#death to the usa #death to the west #common mao w

[arsonistblue]

these are all off the top of my head, so i apologize if a listed language is technically part of another language family/branch!

also, i wish i had more than ten options, but alas (so if you speak a language that isn’t in any of these families/branches please tell me, i’m really curious!!)

#linguistics #languages #polls

[hungwy]

Not reblogging but basically all of this is unjustified, undecided, or simply untrue. The Karen aren't even from one place, they're multiethnic and by most trustworthy sources I've found probably from Tibet and China. Even the Karen Organization of Minnesota takes a more skeptical position:

And "Kayin" does not have a decided etymology at all:

They don't even speak Mongolic-related languages. The Karen all speak Tibeto-Burman languages which further entrench them as being Sino-Tibetan:

[lovelybrotherslovely]

Dungan bride, Kazakhstan.

Source: https://pinterest.com/pin/1144336586560747614/

#dungans #folk costume #photography #kazakhstan #sino tibetan #turkic #?

[vintagegeekculture]

there was Chinese interest in the Out Of Asia theory, in both the Republic, Chiang Republic and People’s Republic periods before the Out Of Africa theory became commonly accepted. Was the 1954 Yeti expedition done just from the Nepalese-Indian side or were the American agents and “anthropologists” given access on the Sino-Tibetan side of the Himalayan border?

During the early part of this century, it was absolutely believed for a long time that the deserts of Western China were the most likely place of human origins, as seen in this migration map from 1944, made from the best available knowledge of the time:

Remember, the oldest fossil remains at this point were in China, where Homo erectus was discovered (originally known by his initial place of discovery in Chungkotien Cave, nicknamed "Peking Man"). The discovery of Australopithecus and Homo habilis in Olduvai Gorge and South Africa, which place human origins in Africa, were not until the 50s and 60s, so it seemed entirely reasonable that Homo sapiens evolved in Western China.

The idea that China's desert regions were the origin of modern humans and culture is seen a lot in pop culture from 1900-1950, mainly because there were tremendous explorations in the region, especially Aurel Stein's expedition of 1908, who ventured into the Taklamakan Desert to find the Dunhuang Caves and Khara-Khoto, a city destroyed completely by Genghis Khan and vanished in the desert.

If you've ever heard of Roy Chapman Andrews and his famous expeditions in the 1920s, it's worth noting that he ventured into the Gobi Desert looking for human remains....not dinosaurs, and the discovery of dinosaur eggs was an unexpected surprise.

For that reason, there was a short lived Silk Road Mania that seemed to be a smaller scale predecessor to the pop culture dominating Egyptomania of the 1920s. It's bizarre to read adventure and fantasy fiction of the 1910s-1920s that features mentions of Silk Road peoples like the Kyrgyz, Sogdians, Tajik, Uigurians, and Tuvans. The best example I can think of would be the Khlit the Kossack stories of Harold Lamb (who also wrote a biography of Tamerlane), which together with Tarzan and Tros of Samothrace, formed the core inspiration for Robert E. Howard's Conan the Barbarian.

The most interesting example of this would be A. Merritt's Dwellers in the Mirage, which featured a lost city in Xinjiang that was the home of the Nordic race, who worshipped their original religion, the kraken-like squid devil god Khalkru. It was widely believed in this era that Nordics emerged from Central Asia originally, and while it's easy to write this off as turn of the century racialist claptrap pseudohistory (along with Hyperborea legends), in this case, it is actually true: a branch of the Indo-European family lived in West China, and 5,000 year old redheaded mummies have been found in the region. As usual, A. Merritt was right on the money with his archeology, more so than other 1920s authors. After all, his "Moon Pool" was set around the just discovered ruins of Nan Madol, the Venice of Micronesia.

Jack Williamson's still chilling Darker Than You Think in 1948 was also set in the Silk Road/Central Asian region, as the place the race of shapeshifters emerged from, Homo magi, who await the coming of their evil messiah, the Night King, who will give them power over the human race.

H. Rider Haggard set "Ayesha: the Return of She" (1905) in Xinjiang, among a lost Greek colony in Central Asia (no doubt based on Alexandria on the Indus, a Greek colony in modern Pakistan that was the furthest bastion of Greek Culture). This was also two years after the Younghusband Thibetan Expedition of 1903, where the British invaded Tibet. At the time, the Qing Dynasty was completely declining and lost control of the frontier regions, and the power vacuum was filled by religious authority by default (this is something you also saw in Xinjiang, where for example, the leader of the city was the Imam of Kashgar).

This is one of the many British invasions they have attempted to cram down the memory hole, but if you ever see a Himalayan art piece that was "obtained in 1903-1904" ....well, you know where it came from.

Incidentally, there's one really funny recent conspiracy theory about paleontology, fossils, and China that I find incredibly interesting: the idea that dinosaurs having feathers is a lie and a sinister plot spread by the Communist Chinese (who else?) to make American youth into sissy fancylads, like Jessie "the Body" Ventura. How? By lying to us and making up that the manly and vigorous Tyrannosaurus, a beast with off the charts heterosexuality and a model for boys everywhere, might have been feathered like a debutante's dress. What next - lipstick on a Great White Shark? The long term goal is to make Americans effeminate C. Nelson Reilly types unable to defend against invasion. This is a theory that is getting steam among the kind of people who used to read Soldier of Fortune magazine, and among abusive stepfathers the world over.

...okay, are you done laughing? Yeah, this is obvious crackpottery and transparent sexual pathology, on the level of the John Birch Society in the 60s saying the Beatles were a Communist mind control plot. Mostly because animals just look how they look, and if it turned out that the ferocious Tyrannosaurus had feathers and looked like a fancylad Jessie Ventura to you, well, that's your problem and mental baggage, really.

I was left scratching my head over this one. But there is (kind of) something to this, and that is that a huge chunk of recent dinosaur discoveries have been in China. I don't think it has anything to do with a Communist plot to turn American boys into fancylads, but more to do with a major push in internal public investment in sciences in that country, and an explosion of Chinese dinosaur discoveries. If you want to see a great undervisited dinosaur museum, go to the Zigong Dinosaur Museum in Sichuan.

Pop quiz: what living scientist has named more dinosaur discoveries? It's not Bakker or Horner. The greatest living paleontologist, Xu Xing, which is why a lot of recently found dinosaurs are named things like Shangtungasaurus.

#xinjiang #china #pulp adventure #dinosaurs #silk road