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smallcollegebasketball · 1 year

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FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE January 15, 2023 Media Contact: Matt Ankenbrandt Sports Information Director │ Small College Basketball 616.780.1335 www.smallcollegebasketball.com

2023 Bevo Francis Top 100 Watch List Announced

Kansas City, MO – Small College Basketball and the National Awards Committee is proud to announce the Bevo Francis Top 100 Watch List for the 2022-23 season. The Top 100 Watch List consists of some of the top players from NCAA Division II, NCAA Division III, NAIA, USCAA and NCCAA. John McCarthy had this to say about this year’s Top 100 Watch List:

“Congratulations to the 100 players on the Bevo Francis Award Watch List, as this is a prestigious honor to be included on the list of only 100 players out of approximately 13,000-16,000 players at the small college levels,” stated McCarthy. “This is an extremely challenging process for our committee, and I appreciate a great deal of information provided by our committee, and fromcoaches and supporters from throughout the country. Again, congratulations to the players on the Bevo Francis Watch List, and thank you to our committee.”

The Clarence “Bevo” Francis Award is presented annually to the player who has had the finest overall season within Small College Basketball. Considerations will be season statistics and individual achievements, awards, personal character and team achievements. This is an incredibly prestigious award, as this award will only be given to one player within Small College Basketball per season.

2023 marks the seventh year of the Bevo Francis Award. Past winners include Dominez Burnett of Davenport University in 2016, Justin Pitts of Northwest Missouri State University in 2017, Emanuel Terry of Lincoln Memorial University in 2018, Aston Francis of Wheaton College in 2019, Kyle Mangas of Indiana Wesleyan University in 2020 and Trevor Hudgins of Northwest Missouri State University in 2022. The award was not presented during the 2021 season.

On February 15th, the list will be reduced to the Top 50 players. One month later on March 15th, the Top 25 players will be announced. On April 1 st , the finalists of this year’s award will be announced, followed by the Bevo Francis Award winner being crowned on April 3rd .

The Bevo Francis Awards Committee consists of the following coaches: Gary Stewart – Stevenson (MD), Chris Briggs – Georgetown College (KY), Bill Dreikosen – Rocky Mountain (MT), Mark Berokoff –Oklahoma City, Mike Donnelly – Florida Southern, Sam Hargraves – Olivet, Stephen Brennan – Babson, Richard Westerlund – Great Lakes Christian, Chase Tiechmann – Florida College, Aaron Siebenthall – Ottawa (KS), Tae Norwood – Humboldt State, Mark Vanderslice – USC-Aiken, Grant Leep, Seattle Pacific, Matt O’Brien – Southwestern (KS), Chris Wright – Langston (OK), Nathan Champion – LeMoyne.

To stay up to date on all things Small College Basketball, please head to smallcollegebasketball.com.

2022-23 Bevo Francis Award Watch List

Ethan Anderson 6’4” Sr. Wisconsin-Lacrosse Kaden Anderson 6’8” Sr. Point Loma Nazarene Shaw Anderson 6’5” Jr. Seattle Pacific Raheem Anthony 6’4” Sr. St. Mary’s (MN) Dejon Barney 6’9” Jr. IU South Bend Trevor Baskin 6’8” So. CO Mesa Diego Bernard 6’0” Sr. NW MO State Sam Beskind 6’4” Sr. CO School of Mines Jesse Bingham 6’6” So. Indianapolis Max Bjorklund 6’2” Sr. Northern Michigan Drew Blair 6’5” Sr. MN-Duluth Octavio Brito 6’4” So. Keene State Levi Borchert 6’5” Jr. UW-Oshkosh Marcus Boykin 6’1” So. Barton Jalen Brooks 6’5” Sr. LSU-Shreveport Anthony Brown 6’5” Sr. Mid-America Nazarene Julius Brown 5’10” Sr. West Texas A&M Fillip Bulatovic 6’5” Sr. Carthage Bryce Butler 6’5” Jr. West Liberty Rich Byhre 6’8” Sr. Rockhurst DJ Campbell 6’3” Jr. Stockton Jamal Cannady 6’1” So. Bryn Athyn Dan Carr 6’8” Sr. Augustana (IL) Frank Champion 6’7” So. North Georgia Taeshon Cherry 6’8” Sr. Marian (IN) Luke Chicone 5’10” So. John Carroll Cevin Clark 5’11” Jr. Southwestern (KS) Daniel Cook 6’6” Sr. St. John Fisher Tyshaun Crawford 7’1” Sr. Augusta Tyson Cruickshank 5’11” Sr. Wheaton (IL) Antwaan Cushingberry 5’8” Sr. St. Francis (IN) Frankie Davidson 6’7” Jr. Grace (IN) Vinny DeAngelo 6’1” Jr. Swarthmore Josiah De’laCerda 6’8” Sr. Ottawa (AZ) Omari DeVeaux 6’2” So. Virginia Wesleyan Ely Doble 6’6” Jr. Morningside Jacob Drees 6’7” Sr. Cedarville Nick Fort 6’6” Sr. Asbury Zach Goodline 6’1” Sr. Huntington Austin Grunder 6’6” Sr. Cortland Tristan Harper 6’6” Sr. Langston

Jesse Hafemeister 6’5” Jr. Catholic

Matt Helwig 6’4” Sr. North Central (IL) Jake Hilmer 5’11” Sr. Upper Iowa CJ Hines 6’1” So. Faulkner Jahn Hines 6’4” Jr. Christopher Newport Jarred Houston 6’10” Sr. Emerson Jason Hubbard 6’7” Sr. Taylor Trent Hudgens 6’1” So. Arizona Christian Jeff Hunter 6’7” Sr. Keene State Josiah Johnson 6’1” Sr. Mary Hardin Baylor Chaney Johnson 6’7” So. Alabama-Huntsville Reid Jolly 6’5” Jr. Thomas More KJ Jones 6’6” Jr. Emmanuel (GA) Shawndale Jones 6’3” Sr. IUP Jaeden King 6’6” Sr. St. Xavier Brandon Knapper 6’0” Sr. Cal State San Bernardino Akuel Kot 6’2” Jr. Fort Lewis John Paul Kromka 6’7” Sr. Pitt-Johnstown Zach Laput 6’4” Jr. Bentley Peter Lash 6’6” So. Nebraska Wesleyan Jaden Lietzke 6’7” Jr. Oklahoma Wesleyan Owen Long 6’3” Jr. Emporia State Drew Lutz 6’1” Sr. Bethel (IN) Rowan Mackenzie 6’3” Jr. Lubbock Christian Miles Mallory 6’5” Jr. Randolph-Macon Sam Masten 6’2” Sr. Northern State Seth Maxwell 7’0” Sr. Indiana Wesleyan Lakeem McAliley 6’6” So. East Stroudsburg Riley Minix 6’7” Sr. Southeastern (FL) Cody Mitchell 6’7” Sr. Illinois Wesleyan Jacksen Moni 6’10” So. Northern State Brendan Mora 6’5” Sr. Pomona-Pitzer Dave Morris 6’1” Sr. IUP Robert Osborne 6’5” Sr. Virginia Union Christian Parker 6’6” Jr. Mount Union Tylandrius Parks 6’5” Sr. Union (TN) Logan Pearson 6’4” Jr. Wisconsin-Platteville Carlos Pepin 6’7” Sr. East Stroudsburg Josh Pritchett 6’4” Sr. Evangel Chase Rankin 6’1” Sr. Lincoln Memorial Sesan Russell 6’2” Sr. Florida Tech Isaiah Sanders 6’5” Sr. Fairmont State Tyler Schmidt 6’4” Jr. Olivet Nazarene Joel Scott 6’7” Sr. Black Hills State Matt Simpson 6’1” Sr. Florida College Alex Sobel 6’8” Sr. Middlebury Bennett Stirtz 6’4” Fr. NW MO State RJ Sunahara 6’8” Jr. Nova Southeastern

Josh Talbert 6’2” Sr. Randolph-Macon Adam Thistlewood 6’8” Sr. CO School of Mines Ryan Thissen 6’6” Jr. St. John’s (MN) Blaise Threatt 6’3” So. CO Mesa Markelle Turner 6’2” Jr. Union (KY) Jo Valrie 6’5” So. Point Park Mason Walters 6’9” Sr. Jamestown Jaden Wells 6’1” So. Central Oklahoma Malik Willingham 6’3” Jr. Minnesota State Drew Wyman 6’5” So. College of Idaho Will Yoakum 6’5” Sr. Nova Southeastern

#Bevo Francis Award

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dwellordream · 3 years

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“These cultural understandings of male and female reproductive “nature” become more complex when different religious beliefs emphasize different aspects of them. Such is the case with Jewish and Christian attitudes toward reproduction. The disparity between Jewish and Christian attitudes is well known and has been the root of many debates over the centuries. While Jews saw the commandment to procreate—“pru urvu” (be fertile and increase) (Gen. 1:28)—as an important foundation of Jewish belief, Christians did not. Many scholars have referred to this distinction as limiting the possibilities for comparison between Jewish and Christian family life, and as justification for studying each society separately.

Even scholars who have examined Jewish and Christian family institutions in tandem have emphasized the theological gap that exists in this context. The Christian preference for celibacy was central from its beginnings. Indeed, most of the extant medieval records dealing with attitudes toward procreation were written by the same small and select group that chose celibacy as its way of life. Men who lived in monastic frameworks understood their choice as an expression of their ability to refrain from worldly pleasures and remain pure. Women who chose to be nuns viewed their celibacy, especially if they were virgins, as a ticket to the male spiritual environment and an escape from their fate as women.

Yet despite the many references to these men and women in medieval literature, we must remember that this was not the majority choice. Most Christians throughout the ages were married, not celibate. Because they esteemed the ideal of celibacy, Christian society treated married life as the less ideal choice. Nevertheless, in their discussions of noncelibate married women, the medieval authors resembled their Jewish peers. The cultural significance of women as childbearers is also evident in these authors’ descriptions of women who forewent motherhood to become brides of Christ. As a number of scholars, especially Caroline Bynum, have shown, images of birth and of maternity are prominent in descriptions of all women, including those who do not actually give birth. Jews, as is well known, did not share this attitude toward celibacy.

While only few Christians actually chose the monastic way of life, all saw this as an ideal, albeit one that posed too big a challenge for most. In contrast, all Jews saw procreation as an obligatory and positive commandment. Jewish and Christian attitudes toward the biblical commandment of procreation from antiquity through the Middle Ages have been examined in a recent study by Jeremy Cohen. Cohen examined Jewish and Christian attitudes toward the biblical command. His study altered the prevailing tendency to present Jewish and Christian attitudes as completely distinct. Cohen emphasized that in spite of their fundamental difference, there were also areas of similarity.

For example, Cohen maintained that despite the ideal of celibacy, some Christian scholars included procreation as part of the ius naturalis (natural order). In other words, procreation was not simply a commandment to be interpreted allegorically, but one that had practical implications. Thus, Cohen demonstrates that among the eastern Church Fathers, procreation within a family framework was understood as a positive commandment. Procreation was often reassessed and discussed in Western Christian thought throughout the Middle Ages. While some claimed that procreation was a biblical commandment no longer relevant to Christian lives, other interpreters began to attribute more importance to the commandment to procreate within the marital framework.

For example, in some cases, the biblical commandment was recited at the wedding ceremony. Thus, it became an important part of the blessing for a newlywed couple. This change in the ceremony was part of a major shift in Christian understandings of marriage that, in the twelfth century, made marriage one of the sacraments. At the same time, fertility became a far more important part of the church’s understandings of marriage. This change brought Jewish and Christian understandings of procreation somewhat closer. Studies concentrating on Christian society have emphasized the growing importance of marriage and family in medieval Christian theology and explained the changing significance accorded the family as a consequence.

In reality, we cannot determine which came first. Most certainly, thought and practice developed simultaneously and influenced each other. Marian devotion, as well as devotion to the other members of Jesus’ family, especially his grandmother Anna, were also part of the growing importance of family in medieval thought. These developments led to a more positive assessment of procreation in Christian thought. The increasing convergence of Christian theology and Jewish rabbinic legislation is not limited to attitudes toward procreation. Cohen and others have pointed to shared attitudes toward other aspects of sexual relations besides the question of whether the commandment pru urvu should be seen as practical or allegorical.

For example, Cohen has shown that Jews and Christians shared similar understandings of the conjugal relationship. Based on the composition BaHalei haNefesh, written by R. Abraham b. David of Posquières (Ra’abad) in the twelfth century, Cohen shows how the Ra’abad’s explanations and justifications for sexual relations between a man and his wife are similar to those provided by theologians such as Ivo of Chartres (1040–1115), Gratian (d. 1160), and Thomas Aquinas (1224–1274). All these commentators, both Jewish and Christian, attributed great importance to the intent of the men engaging in sexual relations. Cohen argues that the Ra’abad linked the obligation of onah (conjugal obligations toward one’s wife) to the duty of procreation in a manner different than that of his predecessors, but resembling the approach of his Christian contemporaries.

Ra’abad argued that if the intent behind the relations was pure, the deeds were too. And conversely, if the intent was not pure, the deeds were not either. Dalia Hoshen, who focused on the ideal relationships between men and women in the writings of Maimonides and the Ra’abad, promoted this idea more forcefully. She proposed that medieval Jewish sages saw celibacy in a more favorable manner than their predecessors and, consequently, restricted the conditions in which sexual relations were to be advocated. Putting these findings together, we see that while the importance of procreation within the marital framework grew in medieval Christian thought, Jewish authorities took an increasingly negative view of marital sexual relations performed with improper intent.

Hoshen and Cohen concentrate on the philosophy of Maimonides and of the Rahabad, both of whom lived south of the areas of this study and far away from the locales of the theologians they cite—Paris, Bologna, and Köln. If we turn to northern France and especially Germany, we find that, although Ashkenazic Jews living in those countries attached great importance to procreation, some of the writings of Jews of those countries display a more positive approach to abstinence. For example, the author of Sefer Hasidim writes of a hasid who did not want to have sexual relations with his wife after the death of a Zaddik (righteous man).

This source, combined with the well documented attitude of Hasidei Ashkenaz that encouraged avoiding women as much as possible, seems to indicate a shared approach of Hasidei Ashkenaz and their Christian neighbors, an issue that Talya Fishman has recently raised in other contexts. These allusions to shared approaches are far from inconsequential. They point to shared beliefs and a common mentality. In spite of these points of contact, however, procreation was viewed as a central point of contention between Jews and Christians in the medieval world. For example, in polemical debates, it was often one of the issues discussed. In Sefer Nizahon Vetus, the Jews accost the monks and needle them on their stupidity and their concealed lustfulness.

One of the issues the Jewish disputants mention is their doubt as to the possibility that anyone can live a truly celibate life. Thus in Sefer Nizahon Vetus, the Jews argue: Ask them: If the Christian priest is supposed to take the place of the biblical priest, why doesn’t he get married and have children like Aaron the High Priest? Moreover, the first commandment given to Adam dealt with being fruitful and multiplying, yet you refrain from this and instead pursue fornication and wine, which capture your fancy. The book discussed this matter again in another passage, where the Christian priests are compared to eunuchs who practice castration. They are accused of wallowing in licentiousness in secret. The author ends that part of the argument by stating: Furthermore it is written “Your wife shall be as a fruitful vine” (Ps. 128:3), and before that it is written, “Blessed is everyone that fears the Lord” (Ps. 128:1).

Thus we see that having children is a mark of the God-fearing man. In this debate, the Jew argues over the spiritual character of celibate men, and the whole passage focuses on their decision not to marry and its consequences. Were they to debate with married Christian neighbors, however, this argument would not have been as powerful. Although these married Christian men might have admitted that there was yet another, higher level of devotion that they did not practice, nevertheless, they would have seen their bearing of children as a way of fulfilling the word of God, much as their Jewish contemporaries did.”

- Elisheva Baumgarten, “Birth.” in Mothers and Children: Jewish Family Life in Medieval Europe

#mothers and children #elisheva baumgarten #jewish #religion #sexuality #medieval #history

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praza-catalunya · 3 years

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L’Escola d’Olot, una “Fake News” amb 150 anys d’història. Fundació Vila Casas

J. Vayreda_Recança. 1876

Ell (Joaquim Vayreda) no pintaba al davant del natural: se l’enduia, s’el gravava al cervell, l’acariciava i l’escollia per dintre; i en arribar al seu estudi, de les visions de tot el dia, de tot l’any, de tota la vida contemplativa, en buidava, a sobre la blanca tela, els raigs de llum, de verdor i de poesia que havia anat recollint en ses llargues oracions a les montanyes; sortia al camp a banyar-se l’esperit, corria les frondositats dels boscos,(...); i, sadollat de visions, paria a soles, com fruit ditxós de la terra. (Santiago Rusiñol, La Veu de Catalunya, 1894).

Agora, nestes meses que semella que é posible saír do estado de pandemia no que está sumida a humanidade, a Fundació Vila Casas -atenta como sempre ás manifestacións presentes e pasadas da arte en Cataluña- vén de abrir nos Espais Volart dúas mostras totalmente dispares. Unha delas da obra actual de Antoni Llena, e outra ben curiosa titulada L’Escola d’Olot, una “Fake News” amb 150 anys d’història. Que motiva que agora se procure desfacer un aserto totalmente aceptado? Hai algo que “molesta agora” dos traballos e creacións da saga familiar dos Vayreda e compañía?

Me. Domenge, Nena. 1890

A exposición L’Escola d’Olot, una “Fake News” presenta unha amplia variedade de pezas de pintura, e algunha escultura, das persoas que se dedicaron á creación artística desde mediados do século XIX. En total unhas 70 obras para dar boa conta das producións de quen sempre se tiveron por membros dunha escola artística consolidada e centrada na paisaxe da Garrotxa, tan especial en si mesma, pero que neste caso foi aínda idealizada. Para ter unha idea ben aproximada do contido desta mostra, paga a pena mirar este vídeo. A importancia que alcanzaron os pintores que traballaron na vila de Olot, mídese polo feito de que, ata mediados século XX, en cada casa da burguesía catalá colgaba, a lo menos, unha pintura dalgúns destes creadores de paisaxes. Hogano xa non é así; as modas mudan e os gustos tamén. Os descendentes de quen tanto estimaban as paisaxes idealizadas da Garrotxa agora prefiren outros artistas, outras tendencias estéticas. Será por iso que “agora e non antes” a Fundació Vila casas e mais Xavier Palomo, o comisario se atreven a afirmar que a Escola d’Olot é unha Fake News?

Que ven sendo unha escola artística? Difícil resposta. Requírese, quizais, unanimidade en eixos estéticos?, cómpre pescudar os mesmos temas, traballados baixo idéntico estilo? Tal vez se precise, tamén, que as persoas implicadas teñan conciencia da súa pertenza a ese grupo ou movemento. A reflexión, oportuna, leva á revisión de boa parte da historia da arte. As/os artistas do século XVII tiñan conciencia de seren artistas barrocos? A denominación que con total naturalidade se emprega para falar de pintura caravaggesca, ten sentido? Artemisia Gentileschi sabía que facía tal cousa?, ou Ribera, L’Espagnoletto, en Nápoles? As interrogantes pódense iniciar doutro xeito: quen decide que hai unha escola artística? Os críticos? Manter, a posteriori, que certo grupo de persoas conforman un grupo facilmente delimitable, unha escola, é doado ao presentarse certas condicións. E unha delas -posiblemente das máis importantes- sexa o límite no tempo. Defender que a Escola de Olot tivo/ten pervivencia ao longo dunha centuria semella excesivo.

Á chamada Escola de Olot preténdeselle dar carta de identidade a partir do paisaxismo, e dun uniforme trato do mesmo; cousa que se antolla inexistente.

Iu Pascual. Vent de Ponent. 1941

O paisaxismo na Escola d’Olot. Escola de Barbizon

Qui pogués amb vosaltres volar per les rouredes

que beuen les suades de l'aspre Pireneu,

i vora els banys de cignes d'aqueixes pollancredes

descabdellar lo somni que és vida del cor meu!

Ja es deuen prats i ribes cobrir de verds domassos,

cada turó amb la vesta de flors que més li escau,

la santa primavera per rebre entre sos braços

que amb nuvials adreços hi baixa del cel blau.

(Jacint Verdaguer, La Plana de Vic. 1875)

A pouco que se contemplen as pinturas dos irmáns Joaquim e Marian (Marià) Vayreda, ou Josep Berga i Boix, desaparecen as dúbidas sobre os temas e intereses destes pintores e activistas políticos e culturais radicados na vila interior de Olot. Cómpre ter en conta que, estes primeiros pintores do que logo se deu en denominar Escola d’Olot, eran de moi boa familia, xente moi acomodada, e que tiñan intereses en negocios de promocións urbasnísticas e tamén industriais. Por contra, nos seus lenzos bocólicos e descansados noutros tempos, nunca saíron fábricas, nin conflitos sociais. (neste senso, non deixa de ser estraño que o Museu de la Garrotxa -o museo de Olot onde descansan todas esas obras do paisaxismo olotí- tamén se atope a impresionante peza de Ramon Casas, La Càrrega, unha das mellores plasmacións plásticas do que é a represión sobre unha manifestación de obreiros.

Cara mediados do século XIX un grupo de pintores frecuenta os bosques de Fontainebleau para tomar apuntamentos directamente das paisaxes naturais. Algúns deles mesmo acaban por residir na pequena vila de Barbizon. Son un grupo -heteroxéneo, como todos- que quere reaccionar contra o romanticismo de Gericault ou Delacroix e presentar a natureza con tintas do que logo será o au plein air, tan do gusto dos impresionistas. Na escola de Barbizon mantense o estilo realista (como oposición ao romanticismo) para representar a paisaxe, que se capta, en notas, en directo e as telas son rematadas nos seus estudos. Ese proceso axuda a que o resultado final ofreza certas fasquías románticas. Entre os pintores de Barbizon sobresaen Camille Corot, como o máis xenuíno representante, e tamén Jean-François Millet. As paisaxes e escenas de traballo campesiño son ben coñecidas; duras. En concreto o seu Ángelus foi considerado por Salvador Dalí como a “biblia moderna”, e dedicoulle un libro ao estudo desa obra. A rotundidade das figuras de Millet amosan tamén en cadros dos Vayreda, como é o caso de Recança. A finais de 2019 -pouco antes de que se declarase como mal apocalíptico, arcano e ameazador a existencia dunha Pandemia mundial, a Fundación Mapfre presentou unha excelente exposición sobre a pintura con pastel (esa técnica que, en moitos casos e pexorativamente, reservouse ás mulleres). Nesa mostra púidose ver unha peza de Millet de magnífica factura.

Vayreda Canadell, Vall de Riudaura. 1950

Os Vayreda, mormente Joaquim, tiveron como mestre de pintura en Barcelona a Ramon Martí Alsina, paisaxista e entusiasta da escola de Barbizon. Desde entón moitos pintores de Olot (e de outroa recunchos de Cataluña) comezaron a pintar paisaxe. Pero esas paisaxes que saían dos pinceis dos Vayreda e compañía -como ben dixo Rusiñol, citado anteriormente- non eran pintados do natural, en directo, senón que, unha vez no seu estudo reflectían na tela els raigs de llum, de verdor i de poesia que havia anat recollint en ses llargues oracions a les montanyes. Paisaxes idealizadas.

Paisaxes idealizadas tinguidas de romanticismo e mediatizados por varias razóns. Por unha banda, Berga, Vayredas e outros botaban man de fotografías para logo reproducir con pintura escenas manipuladas. Como ben di o comisario, Xavier Palomo, eses pintores nunca montaron en burro para ir pintar do natural polas voltas da Garrotxa; e menos pisaron congostras e camiños enlamados por onde si pisaban, unha e outra vez, as persoas do campo que aparecen nas súas obras.

A intención destes primeiros pintores da chamada Escola d’Olot era vender a idea de que a súa comarca vivía, a mediados século XIX, unha paz bucólica, unha arcadia soñada, pero non real. A visión idílica, romántica do agro ten as súas orixes, por exemplo, nas poesías de mosen Cinto Verdaguer, o gran poeta da Renaixença. Para enxalzar a Cataluña reinventada cumprían imaxes que conmovesen, imaxes que a rica burguesía catalá e urbana mercaba con gusto, como xeito de reconciliación coa beatitude agraria, tan lonxe dos rebumbios das vilas industriais. Non se pode esquecer que nesta comarca da Garrotxa estaba moi presente o carlismo (son tempos de guerras carlistas; un dos Vayreda participará directamente), e concretamente os pintores citados, eran carlistas. Este bucolismo, xa que logo militante, acaía ben aos postulados carlistas, enfrontados á burguesía e á industria. Trátase por tanto de paisaxes dobremente identitarias.

A falsificación das paisaxes -aínda que con outros fines- ten unha longa historia. Quizais o caso máis salientable sexa o de Canaletto, o pintor veneciano, que nas súas veduta da cidade dos canais falsificou perspectivas e espazos: as prazas antóllanse moito máis grandes, as rúas e canais moito máis grandes. Cómpre constatar que as intencionalidades de Canaletto eran vender mellor a súa vila a tanta e tanto viaxeiro como comezaba a haber facendo o que se coñece como a Gran Tour; a viaxe das familias ricas do norte de Europa.

As persoas que se dedicaron á pintura artística nas voltas de Olot foron moitas desde mediados século XIX. E moitas delas seguiron coa tendencia de botar man do paisaxismo como xénero artístico. Artistas que seguiron as pegadas dos primeiros fixeron coma eles: nunca introducir nas súas paisaxes nin fábricas, nin conflitos sociais. Non! A Garrotxa vivía a perfección arcádica!

M. Oliveras. La Moixina, 1975

Pero tamén é certo que moitas persoas, aínda practicando o paisaxismo, xa non o fixeron dos xeitos idealizados que practicaran os primeiros Vayreda e Berga. Da saga Vayreda logo veñen outros membros, tamén artistas; entre eles Raymond Vayreda, un artista e promotor cultural da bisbarra que tamén foi amigo de Salvador Dalí e de outros artistas vangardistas. Na exposición L’Escola d’Olot, una “Fake News” amb 150 anys d’història están dispostas e vitrinas varias cartas de Dalí a este pintor, precisamente. E vida artística de Olot pasou por diversas tendencias, así como por tempos máis prósperos ca outros. Por exemplo, durante a ditadura de Primo de Rivera á Garrotxa chamóuselle a Suiza catalá, co que se volveu pretender idealizar a vida bucólica e perfecta. Outro tanto tornou a acontecer perante a ditadura franquista: a Garrotxa pasa a ser unha arcadia feliz, tal e como vén dicir a voz en off do NODO dedicado aos pintores olotíns e á súa comarca: donde los artistas no podían más que reflejar en sus obras la magnificencia natural de la sublime obra de Dios.

Sobre o tema da Guerra Civil e mais da ditadura franquista, hai agora mesmo en Barcelona a lo menos dúas exposicións que inciden claramente neses violentos e duros momentos do pasado. No Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya (MNAC) está a grande escolma de fotografías de Antoni Campañà (La guerra infinita. Antoni Campañà. Tensions d’una mirada (1906-1989)), un fotógrafo que -temeroso das represalias dos franquistas nada máis entrar en Barcelona, e de aí en diante- agocha miles de negativos de instantáneas que fixera polas rúas de Barcelona naqueles anos de guerra, por medo a que llas requisen para identificar aos “enemigos del nuevo régimen”. E, na galería Mayoral, volven estar presentes obras de Millares e mais de Rivera, dous dos artistas que fundaron o grupo EL PASO e que expresan nas súas obras a violencia, a rabia, a represión da ditadura franquista: Rivera-Millares. L’ètica de la reparació. En ambas escolmas artísticas sobrevoa a penumbra da Longa Noite de Pedra.

Lito Caramés

EXPOSICIÓN: L’Escola d’Olot, una “Fake News” amb 150 anys d’història

Espais Volart, Fundació Vila Casas

ata o día de Santiago de 2021

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stemcellaktivierer · 4 years

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Gewinner oder doch Verlierer

ein Jeder will Gewinner sein - doch -- je länger du mit deiner Entscheidung wartest - umso mehr verlierst du - 🍀🍀🌼👍👍☂️🤝🏁 Marian Kluczny ein Medien mensch - meinte durch eine besondere im ausland erlernte und immer wieder angewendete Kur würde er seine Gesundheit im Griff haben - denk ste - mit nichten- oh oh eines Tages bemerkte er dass es wohl nicht so ist und musste sich eine Krebsbehandlung unterziehen - - nichts kann dich gesund halten und erhalten - mit dem alter gehen diese Funktionen verloren oder sie werden biologisch verhindert - das machen wir hier alles anders - wir erhöhen deine die Fähigkeiten deines Körpers wieder das zu tun was er kann. und das jeden Tag aus neuen - sei willkommen - glaube nur an Dich :D https://www.facebook.com/obiceru/?eid=ARDrmuB-IU-jCAiKtVXxI3LlNCaqTcAjW8LWSFSUgGU4DoOyDQs87SMoPCLWoqgqWHTXOzmk9r9QEHw6&timeline_context_item_type=intro_card_work&timeline_context_item_source=100000124723777&fref=tag

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moonbyul-yi · 5 years

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21 question tag

oh yEet i forgot about this rip sorry man

tagged by @chaetrbl she’s a great writer go check her out uwu

name: oh yeet

nickname: kk, kitkat

gender: female

zodiac: cancer crab

height: 5’ / 152 cm

time: it’s like 7:29am

favorite musicians: dean, dpr live, crush, iu, red velvet, dreamcatcher, blackpink, twice, loona, mamamoo, i could go on and on about kpop. outside of kpop it’s alec benjamin, jake miller, ariana grande, marian hill, hayley kiyoko, jeremy zucker, imagine dragons, and more !

song stuck in my head: oh my! - seventeen

last movie i saw: the opium war (it was for school lmao)

last thing i googled: gouache paints amazon cheap

other blogs: @moonstarbujo uhhh this is my studyblr :)

why I chose this username: well, moonbyul is my ult and i’m whipped af

amount of 💤: 5-10 hours

lucky number: 7, 15

what i’m wearing rn: a white polo shirt, a gray skirt, and my school hoodie

dream job: something in medicine like a oncologist or forensic pathologist

dream trip: either korea or japan tbh

favorite food: any and all noodles including instant noodles

instruments: piano and the melodica lmao

favorite songs: valkyrie - oneus, oh my! - seventeen, action! - dpr live and gray, kiss and make up - dua lipa and blackpink, honey - kehlani

tag 21 people: um, i don’t know 21 people rip. but i’ll tag @daddywheein @peachesandfiction @doublehomotwice uwu, and anyone else who wants to do this!

#tag game

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wereart · 6 years

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10 songs I can’t stop listening to

i was tagged by @feelunaire (thank you sweetheart 💌🌹.)

1. bellyache (marian hill remix) - billie eilish

2. consequences - camila cabello

3. didn’t know me - heize

4. friends - marshmello & anne marie

5. if you want love - NF

6. pray - sam smith

7. sadderdaze - the neighbourhood

8. sorry - halsey

9. through the night - IU

10. something’s gotta give - camila cabello

i tag: everyone who wants to do this 💌☁

#tagged 🌙🌹.

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kenttsterling · 2 years

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Jonathan Taylor FULL GO at #Colts practice! Shaq Leonard too! #iubb TJD 2nd team All-America

youtube

View On WordPress

#IU Basketball #IU Marian #Jonathan Taylor Titans #Mike Vrabel #Shaq Leonard Titans #Trayce award #What IU games on BTN+#Zaire Franklin #Youtube

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simplyhyacinth · 5 years

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Please come and experience Maestro Amjad Ali Khan, one of India's most celebrated artists, a living legend play the concerto he has written for the Western Orchestra being performed with The Dayton Philharmonic Orchestra. Here is Maestro Khan's message for all music connoisseurs: https://www.dropbox.com/s/k35om2ddtp5lyb2/Dayton%20OH.MOV… To buy tickets $9- $66 please visit ticket center stage here: https://my.ticketcenterstage.com/5298 #sarod #DPAA #DPO #DPYO #wrightstateuniversity #OSU #UD #UC #Music #Miamiuniversity #sinclaircommunitycollege #clarkstateuniversity #IU #Ballstateuniversity #orchestra #classicalmusic (at Benjamin & Marian Schuster Performing Arts Center) https://www.instagram.com/p/B2xtdRKHHX5/?igshid=qltpjfhbdrgz

#sarod #dpaa #dpo #dpyo #wrightstateuniversity #osu #ud #uc #music #miamiuniversity #sinclaircommunitycollege #clarkstateuniversity #iu #ballstateuniversity #orchestra #classicalmusic

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vmony · 7 years

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Hey! If you're still doing the name playlist: Nicole

Yes! It’s a very random mix of songs, please enjoy~ ^^

N: No Matter Where You Are - Us The DuoI: I Like Me Better (Ryan Ribak Remix) - Lauv, Ryan RibackC: Cheese & Wine - DPR LiveO: One Time - Marian HillL: Let Me Know - BTSE: Ending Scene - IU

#dearlyjimin

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waffle-sjunior-blog · 7 years

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Parent Trap

Part 8 - February 2029

“Anyway, like I was saying about the multiverse theory, maybe there is universe where the whole separated at birth thing never happened,” Leslie Perkins Traeger said as she sat down at the library table across from Westley. He looked up from his book with a puzzled expression. “Oh, you’re not Stephen, you’re the other one.”

“I’m Westley,” Westley said, slightly annoyed to be called the other one, as it was usually his twin Stephen who was called that. He started to say as much, but stopped, realizing he was still not used to calling Stephen his triplet brother instead of his twin. Rather than saying any of that he picked his book back up so he could continue reading. She grabbed a book from her backpack and set it in front of her.

“I’m Leslie, but most people call me LC, because my middle name’s Christine,” Leslie said back, then spotting the title of his book. “I love Harry Potter!”

“Duh, everyone does,” Westley said, not looking up from his book. LC opened her own book to the middle where she removed her book mark and started reading. Curious, Westley looked over at her book, which LC held up for him to read the title. “Aren’t you a sixth grader?”

“I skipped and now I’m in seventh,” LC shrugged.

“But you’re reading a high school chemistry book?”

“It’s actually for a college course, my mom gets discounts at the IU bookstore.”

“This is weird,” Westley said, shutting his book and moving it to the side, “I’ve never been less smart than anyone before.”

“Yeah, I’m kind of a genius,” LC said, smiling with pride behind her book. “Like the total opposite of John Swanson.”

“John Swanson! You’re trying out too? You’re totally going to get one of the leads,” Stephen said, walking to join his best friend John Swanson in an empty row near the back of the school’s auditorium. Stephen sat down and placed his backpack in his lap, opening a side pocket to pull out a bag filled with cookies.

“I hope so. I’d like to play Robin Hood, but Friar Tuck has a great solo in act 2,” John said, paging through the script for the play.

“There aren’t any characters in Spring Awakening named Robin Hood or,” Stephen said. John held up the script so Stephen could see the title. From the stage he could hear Catherine de Forest singing through her audition. “Son of a bastard.”

“I think she’s pretty good.”

“Yeah, she’s great, but she’s not singing Mama Who Bore Me, is she?”

“I think the song’s called Maid Marian’s Revenge,” John said, flipping to the end of act one in his script and then looking over at an irritated Stephen, “Oh, right, they switched it. We’re now doing the musical Robin Hood. It’s good. Won a Tony about five years ago.”

“It’s not Spring Awakening,” Stephen said, “My Gram Gram said we could put on Spring Awakening. Does this play even have swears?”

“Hell, damn and ass,” John said.

“Those are Bible swears, they don’t count.”

“Your Gram Gram?”

“She’s the head of the school board or something. I just found she’s my grandmother.” Stephen said. He took a cookie from his bag and started eating it.

“There was some petition, I think,” John said, picking up his phone and typing into the Gryzzl web app. He handed Stephen the phone and Stephen looked over the website, glaring at the information on it.

“Over 20,000 signatures,” Stephen muttered, reading bits of the petition out loud, “Parents against play, profane, middle school students would do a bad job, super old play. Let’s see search signers. Those lying assholes!”

“Who?” John asked.

“My parents both signed it. Seconds apart, actually. I knew I shouldn’t have wasted all that guilt on getting a motorcycle when I turn 16.”

“I don’t know how you got over that so quickly. I found out I have a half brother two years ago and it’s still weird.”

“Who’s your half brother?”

“I’m actually not allowed to say.”

“That is weird. If I guess right, will you tell me?” Stephen asked. John shook his head.

“Oliver Perkins Traeger, from Pawnee Middle School,” Sonia shouted across the classroom. Oliver looked up from the piece of paper he was writing notes on.

“X equals 14,” Oliver said, pleased with his own speed at answering the question.

“Right,” Sonia said, beaming at Oliver. She walked over and took an empty seat next to her friend. “We are going to crush those Muncie Mathletes.” She grabbed a bag from another desk and opened it, pulling out a neatly wrapped package. “I almost forgot, happy birthday!”

“Thanks,” Oliver said, blushing slightly as he took the present from Sonia. He ripped open the paper and turned over the t-shirt to see the logo Sonia had printed on it. “< i, and keeping it real. Nice.” The shirt’s meaning was based on an inside joke between the two and the back of the shirt read Math Pals for Life

“Mine says ‘i > keeping it real,’ so it matches,” Sonia said. Oliver put the shirt on over his other shirt. “I hope it’s the right shirt size. I asked LC the size and she said it was XXXXXXXXL but I think that might have been a joke.”

“Yeah, she’s a dick,” Oliver muttered. Sonia thought about saying something positive, mentioning she noticed he had actually lost weight, but regretting bringing up LC’s comment, she said nothing for a moment.

“Are you going to audition for Robin Hood?” Sonia asked, changing the subject.

“I thought it was Spring Awakening,” Oliver said. Sonia shook her head.

“Stephen just texted me, something about injustice and how he bets the other Stephens in the multiverse get to put on Spring Awakening.”

“Oh God, not LC’s multiverse theory again.”

“Yeah, that’s, so stupid,” Sonia said, not looking at Oliver, wondering if there was a universe where her Math Pal like liked her.

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osborgs · 3 years

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MTV Miaw 2021: confira a lista completa de indicados da premiação

<span class="hidden">–</span>Marisa/Divulgação

Vamos de mais um MTV Miaw? A lista de indicados da premiação jovem mais importante da América Latina foi divulgada e podemos ver nomes como Karol G e Anitta dominando as categorias!

O evento está marcado para acontecer no dia 13 de julho e, além dos prêmios do mundo da música e do audiovisual, a cerimônia também vai honrar a galera da internet! Inclusive, tem meme brasileiro na lista, viu?

Quem se lembra das irmãs Maria Antônia e Maria Eduarda, que viralizaram em 2020 com o vídeo do parabéns no aniversário de uma delas? Pois bem, as duas estão concorrendo em Viral Bombástico do Ano! Teve até teste para saber medir o seu nível de deboche, hahaha.

Maria Antônia, rainha do deboche!Reprodução/CAPRICHO

Indicados

ICONE MIAW Kimberley Loaiza Kunno Kenia OS Domelipa Jashlem Jimena Jiménez Brianda Deyanara Rod Contreras

CREADOR DEL ANO Kimberley Loaiza Amadora Caín Guzmán Darian Rojas Ralf Ignacia Antonia Legna Hernández Kevlex

Creador Global Martinez Twins Naim Darrechi Charli D’Amelio Dixie D’Amelio Lele Pons Bella Poarch Noah Beck

STORIADOR MIAW Luisito Comunica Elán Juanpa Zurita Paco de Miguel Danna Paola Bad Bunny Kenia OS Kim Shantal

FAV NUEVA ESCUELA Aaron Mercury Ingratax Mau López Carlota Madrigal Melipandda Augusto Gimenez Marian Krawstor Amaranta

BOMBA VIRAL El Niño Del Oxxo La Chilindrina En Biniki El Reencuentro de RBD Ay Rico Rico Rico Las Iñas Del Cumpleaños Máteme Ese Recuerdo De Ese Amargo Amor #SilhouetteChallenge Ciclovía De Puebla

ES MUY CRINGE Paty Navidad Conspiranoica Pelea Fake Mariana Rodríguez y Bárbara Del Regil Trump No Acepta Derrota Fails De Alfred Adame Golpiza Campo de Golf El Chico Gucci Pepillo Origel Se Vacuna López-Gatell de Vacaciones

FILÓSOFO VIRAL Mane Josi La Más Perdidas Cardi B Pamela Chup Trixy Star Camilo Pulgarin

COREO CRAK Kunno Rod Contreras Mont Pantoja SamuelLópez Iamferv Libardo Isaza Los Siblings Itsmitch

LIPSYNC MASTER Érika Buenfil Orson Padilla JD Pantoja Celes Salas Carolina Díaz Fernando Lozada Sebastián Yatra Macarena García

TEAM DEL AÑO Privé Team Ken Team Fénix Mansión Lit DIablos MS Cheli House

FANDOM Jukis Blinks BTS Army Keninis Dreamers Cachers Team Ken Fandom CNCOwners

CELEBRITY CRUSH Joaquín Bondoni Harry Styles Boggi Hadassah Macarena Achaga Billie Eilish Ester Expósito Victor Pérez

PAREJA EN LLAMAS Camilo & Evaluna Zuribeso Jearin Lele & Guaynaa Ilika Cruz & Vane Amador Nodeli Calle & Poché Jukilop

STREAMER DEL AÑO Auronplay Missasinfonía Arigameplats Coscu Windygirk Juan Guarnizo El Kun Agüero

OBSESIÓN GAMER Among Us Fall Guys Fortnite GTA V League of Legends Free Fire Call of Duty: Warzone

KILLER SERIE Wandavision Handmaid’s Tale Euphoria Luis Miguel, La Serie The Mandalorian El Internado: Las Cumbres The Boys Emily In Paris

REALITY DEL AÑO Acapulco Shore Quién Es La Máscara? Guerreros Shark Tank La Más Draga Exatlón

AMO DEL PODAST La Cotorrisa Creativo El Frasco Leyendas Legendarias En Cortinas Con Luisito Karime Kooler Radio Divaza Niñas Bien

COMEDIA TODO TERRENO Paco de Miguel Mario Aguilar Backdor Herly Memelas De Orizaba Se Rentan Cuartos La Resolana Borat

BICHOTA DEL AÑO Jimena Jiménez Herly Ana Lago Nathy Peluso Karol G Anitta Karime Pindter Jaylin Acashore

ARTISTA MIAW Karol G Bad Bunny J Balvin Maluma Rauw Alejandro Danna Paola C. Tangana Natti Natasha

ARTISTA + CHINGÓN MÉXICO Danna Paola Gera MX Christian Nodal Mon Laferte Reik Aleman

ARTISTA + DURO COLOMBIA Karol G Piso 21 J Balvin Camilo Maluma Sebatián Yatra

ARTISTA + IDO ARGENTINA BZRP Khea Nicki Nicole Duki Tini Cazzu

HINO VIRAL “Pareja Del Año” – Sebatián Yatra, Myke Towers “Lá Tóxica” – Farruko “El Makinon” – Karol G, Mariah Angeliq “Se Te Nota” – Lele Pons & Guaynaa “BZRP Music Sessiosn #36” – BZRP & nathy Peluso “Reloj” – Rauw Alejandro x Anuel XX “Hecha Pa’ Mi’” – Boza “Quien Te Crees?” – MC Davo feat. Calibre 50

EMERGENTE Leon Leiden Humbe Renee Natanael Cano Yendry Mario Puglia Bratty María Becerra

VIDEO DEL AÑO “Nominad/Hong Kong” – C. Tangana, Jorge Drexler y Andrés Calamaro “Telepatía” – Kali Uchis “Niño” – Ed Maverick, Muelas de Gallo “La Noche de Anoche” – Bad Bunny x Rosalía “Popular” – Zoé “Ojos Noche” _ Elsa y Elmar feat. Carla Morrison

HIT DEL AÑO “Bichota” – Karol G “Dákiti” – Bad Bunny x Jhay Cortez “Fiel” – Wisin, Jhay Cortez, Los Legendarios “Telepatía” – Kali Uchis “Hawái” – Maluma “Botella Tras Botella” – Gera MX, Christian Nodal “Relación Remix” – Sech, Daddy Yankee, J Balvin, Rosalía, Farruko “La Curiosidad” – Jay Wheeler, DJ Nelson, Myke Towers

HIT GLOBAL DEL AÑO “drivers license” – Olivia Rodrigo “Levitating” – Dua Lipa feat. DaBaby “Golden” – Harry Styles “Leave The Door Open” – Silk Sonic “Save Your Tears” – The Weeknd “Peaches” – Justin Bieber feat. Daniel Caesar, Giveon “Kiss Me More” – Doja Cat feat. SZA “Montero (Call Me By Your Name)” – Lil Nas X

MUSIC-SHIP DEL AÑO “Lo Vas a Olvidar” – Billie Eilish, Rosalía “Location” – Karol G, Anuel AA, J Balvin “Baila Conmigo” – Selena Gonez, Rauw Alejandro “La Nota” – Manuel Turizo x Rauw Alejdnro x Myke Towers “No Bailes Sola” – Danna Paola, Sebatián Yatra “Párteme La Cara” – C. Tangana, Ed Maverick “La Noche de Anoche” – Bad Bunny x Rosalía “Las Nenas” – Natti Natasha x Farina x Cazzu x La Duraca

DOMINIO K-POP Rosé Blackpink BTS IU TXT SEVENTEEN TWICE (G)I-DLE

Ansiosa?

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abbkineeu · 6 years

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New Post has been published on Biotech Advisers

New Post has been published on http://www.bioadvisers.com/costimulatory-molecule-cd226-signals-vav1-amplify-tcr-signals-promote-il-17-production-cd4-t-cells/

The costimulatory molecule CD226 signals through VAV1 to amplify TCR signals and promote IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells

Content introduction:

The costimulatory molecule CD226 signals through VAV1 to amplify TCR signals and promote IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells

Modeling of patient virus titers suggests that availability of a vaccine could reduce hepatitis C virus transmission among injecting drug users

TORC1 inhibition enhances immune function and reduces infections in the elderly

Mitochondrial redox sensing by the kinase ATM maintains cellular antioxidant capacity

IKK promotes cytokine-induced and cancer-associated AMPK activity and attenuates phenformin-induced cell death in LKB1-deficient cells

1. The costimulatory molecule CD226 signals through VAV1 to amplify TCR signals and promote IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells The activation of T cells requires the guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV1. Using mice in which a tag for affinity purification was attached to endogenous VAV1 molecules, Guillaume Gaud at Université de Toulouse in Toulouse, France and his colleagues analyzed by quantitative mass spectrometry the signaling complex that assembles around activated VAV1. Fifty VAV1-binding partners were identified, most of which had not been previously reported to participate in VAV1 signaling. Among these was CD226, a costimulatory molecule of immune cells. Engagement of CD226 induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of VAV1 and synergized with T cell receptor (TCR) signals to specifically enhance the production of interleukin-17 (IL-17) by primary human CD4+ T cells. Moreover, co-engagement of the TCR and a risk variant of CD226 that is associated with autoimmunity (rs763361) further enhanced VAV1 activation and IL-17 production. Thus, their study reveals that a VAV1-based, synergistic cross-talk exists between the TCR and CD226 during both physiological and pathological T cell responses and provides a rational basis for targeting CD226 for the management of autoimmune diseases.

Read more, please click http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/11/538/eaar3083

2. Modeling of patient virus titers suggests that availability of a vaccine could reduce hepatitis C virus transmission among injecting drug users The major route of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission in the United States is injection drug use. Marian Major at Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research in Silver Spring, USA and her colleagues hypothesized that if an HCV vaccine were available, vaccination could affect HCV transmission among people who inject drugs by reducing HCV titers after viral exposure without necessarily achieving sterilizing immunity. To investigate this possibility, they developed a mathematical model to determine transmission probabilities relative to the HCV RNA titers of needle/syringe-sharing donors. They simulated sharing of two types of syringes fitted with needles that retain either large or small amounts of fluid after expulsion. Using previously published viral kinetics data from both naïve subjects infected with HCV and reinfected individuals who had previously cleared an HCV infection, they estimated transmission risk between pairs of serodiscordant injecting drug users, accounting for syringe type, rinsing, and sharing frequency. They calculated that the risk of HCV transmission through syringe sharing increased ~10-fold as viral titers (log10 IU/ml) increased ~25-fold. Cumulative analyses showed that, assuming sharing episodes every 7 days, the mean transmission risk over the first 6 months was >90% between two people sharing syringes when one had an HCV RNA titer >5 log10 IU/ml. For those with preexisting immunity that rapidly controlled HCV, the cumulative risk decreased to 1 to 25% depending on HCV titer and syringe type. Their modeling approach demonstrates that, even with transient viral replication after exposure during injection drug use, HCV transmission among people sharing syringes could be reduced through vaccination if an HCV vaccine were available.

Read more, please click http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/10/449/eaao4496

3. TORC1 inhibition enhances immune function and reduces infections in the elderly Inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase extends life span and ameliorates aging-related pathologies including declining immune function in model organisms. The objective of this phase 2a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to determine whether low-dose mTOR inhibitor therapy enhanced immune function and decreased infection rates in 264 elderly subjects given the study drugs for 6 weeks. A low-dose combination of a catalytic (BEZ235) plus an allosteric (RAD001) mTOR inhibitor that selectively inhibits target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) downstream of mTOR was safe and was associated with a significant (P = 0.001) decrease in the rate of infections reported by elderly subjects for a year after study drug initiation. In addition, Joan B. Mannick at Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, USA and his colleagues observed an up-regulation of antiviral gene expression and an improvement in the response to influenza vaccination in this treatment group. Thus, selective TORC1 inhibition has the potential to improve immune function and reduce infections in the elderly.

Read more, please click http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/10/449/eaaq1564

4. Mitochondrial redox sensing by the kinase ATM maintains cellular antioxidant capacity Mitochondria are integral to cellular energy metabolism and ATP production and are involved in regulating many cellular processes. Mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), which not only can damage cellular components but also participate in signal transduction. The kinase ATM, which is mutated in the neurodegenerative, autosomal recessive disease ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T), is a key player in the nuclear DNA damage response. However, ATM also performs a redox-sensing function mediated through formation of ROS-dependent disulfide-linked dimers. Yichong Zhang at Yale School of Medicine in New Haven, USA and his colleagues found that mitochondria-derived hydrogen peroxide promoted ATM dimerization. In HeLa cells, ATM dimers were localized to the nucleus and inhibited by the redox regulatory protein thioredoxin 1 (TRX1), suggesting the existence of a ROS-mediated, stress-signaling relay from mitochondria to the nucleus. ATM dimer formation did not affect its association with chromatin in the absence or presence of nuclear DNA damage, consistent with the separation of its redox and DNA damage signaling functions. Comparative analysis of U2OS cells expressing either wild-type ATM or the redox sensing–deficient C2991L mutant revealed that one function of ATM redox sensing is to promote glucose flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) by increasing the abundance and activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), thereby increasing cellular antioxidant capacity. The PPP produces the coenzyme NADPH needed for a robust antioxidant response, including the regeneration of TRX1, indicating the existence of a regulatory feedback loop involving ATM and TRX1. They propose that loss of the mitochondrial ROS-sensing function of ATM may cause cellular ROS accumulation and oxidative stress in A-T.

Read more, please click http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/11/538/eaaq0702

5. IKK promotes cytokine-induced and cancer-associated AMPK activity and attenuates phenformin-induced cell death in LKB1-deficient cells The 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that is activated upon phosphorylation of Thr172 in its activation loop by the kinase LKB1, CAMKK2, or TAK1. TAK1-dependent AMPK phosphorylation of Thr172 is less well characterized than phosphorylation of this site by LKB1 or CAMKK2. An important target of TAK1 is IκB kinase (IKK), which controls the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Ricardo J. Antonia at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in Chapel Hill, USA and his colleagues tested the hypothesis that IKK acted downstream of TAK1 to activate AMPK by phosphorylating Thr172. IKK was required for the phosphorylation of Thr172 in AMPK in response to treatment with the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β or TNF-α or upon TAK1 overexpression. In addition, IKK regulated basal AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation in several cancer cell types independently of TAK1, indicating that other modes of IKK activation could stimulate AMPK. They found that IKK directly phosphorylated AMPK at Thr172 independently of the tumor suppressor LKB1 or energy stress. Accordingly, in LKB1-deficient cells, IKK inhibition reduced AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation in response to the mitochondrial inhibitor phenformin. This response led to enhanced apoptosis and suggests that IKK inhibition in combination with phenformin could be used clinically to treat patients with LKB1-deficient cancers.

Read more, please click http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/11/538/eaan5850

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bioadvisers · 6 years

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Bioadvisers shared on Biotech Advisers