#Embryoid | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

fl3shm4id3n · 7 months

Text

ₜₕₑ Fₐcₑ ᵢ ₗₒᵥₑd ₘₒₛₜ

𝐒𝐮𝐦𝐦𝐚𝐫𝐲: 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐯𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐜𝐫𝐮𝐢𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐡𝐚𝐝 𝐚 𝐡𝐮𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮. 𝐈𝐭 𝐰𝐚𝐬 𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐨𝐛𝐬𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐡𝐢𝐦 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐨 𝐬𝐨, 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐰𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧 𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐡𝐞 𝐝𝐨𝐞𝐬. 𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝 𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐢𝐧 '𝐥𝐨𝐯𝐞' 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐲𝐨𝐮, 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐝 𝐭𝐨 𝐝𝐢𝐬𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐢𝐧𝐭 𝐡𝐢𝐦. 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐭𝐨 𝐡𝐢𝐦 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐧𝐨𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐥𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐲𝐨𝐮, 𝐛𝐮𝐭 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐬𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐚 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐰𝐢𝐭𝐡.

ᴘᴀɪʀɪɴɢ: ᴀꜱᴛᴀʀɪᴏɴ x ꜰᴇᴍ! ʀᴇɪɴᴄᴀʀɴᴀᴛᴇᴅ! ᴛᴀᴠ! ʀᴇᴀᴅᴇʀ

Tw: Star-crossed lovers concept, unhealthy obsession, mentions of passed abused, reality confusion/ Dream-reality, she/her refer to reader's past life self, slow burn?, a bit of angst and comfort. Not edited.

A/N: I hope ya'll like this second part, any feed back is appreciated.

Masterlist

He couldn't believe it, the myths about reincarnation were true. You, who was once his Lady, his once Lover, of Her. You were right here, except you were a totally different person. But with the face he once loved most. The face he couldn't ever forget. As much as he wanted to be happy to meet you again. He felt a huge amount of guilt. That he couldn't protect his Lady. That if he were to be in the quarters sooner, then he would have prevented Cazador from killing you. It would eat him up so much, he just began to ignore that guilt, even thought he didn't want to.

Astarion was very observant about you, he would pay attention to every small detail of you. How kind you were despite the tadpole in your head. He also noticed the love you had for music and embroidery. Yes, you were just like her. You shared her same traits. Not only that, but you were just beautiful, you shared her same beauty. Both inside and out. He couldn't keep his eyes off you. Astarion had the idea to always have his eyes on you. He didn't want anything to happen to you, even though you knew how to defend yourself. Just the thought of you getting killed gets to him. He didn't take it to an extreme, but he just wanted to keep his guard up.

Whenever he'd have a chance to be alone with you, he'd take it. Always making the time for it, as if he didn't want to be away from you. Ever. He was there when you were given a lute after you helped a lady with her music. He loved to watch you play the instrument. He wouldn't mind listening you for hours, playing that lovely music. When he'd watch you play, you looked just like her when she did. You seemed much more relaxed when playing, your hands weren't shaking as if you were being forced with fear, your fingers bleeding and nails broken. You looked absolutely stunning, she looked absolutely beautiful.

Not only that, but he'd watch you sew. When there was not much to do. You'd sew in your free time. You had some materials in your stuff. Astarion would lurk by and watch you do your handy work. It was beautiful, you were as talented as she was. He remembers when you had found a black velvet coat that would fit him perfectly, so you decided to embryoid him some gold colored peacocks and other kinds of designs on the coat. He loved it. He swore that he'd cherish the garment for the rest of his life. The smile on your face made him happy, specially since you had her same smile.

Another thing that he had caught on. The mark on your left side of the neck. It was two little dark spots, right where the bite would have been. He always wanted to get a better look at it. He knew that she hated that scar, because it was a form of branding by Him. But now it was a birthmark of yours. Proving that you were really her. His one and only love.

It was no secret to you that Astarion was basically following you around like a lost puppy. At first you thought it was harmless, but the more you thought of it, the more you realized that this was becoming something than just a man trying to be friends with you. Did he want to be more than friends? You have noticed his strange behavior towards you, as if, you reminded him of someone he used to know. As weird as it seemed, you didn't want to be seen as rude towards him, but you also knew that there was more than just him following you around.

"Astarion? Can I talk to you?" you asked the male who was busy looking at himself in a mirror, which was odd of him to do. "Sure, what is it darling." He gave you his full attention. You grabbed his hand and took him away from the camp and into the woods. He had a goofy grin on his face, as if we were about to do more than just talk. When you were in the woods, face to face with him. "What's been on your mind lightly?" you asked him, in which he gave you a confused look. "What are you talking about? I'm completely fine." He said, now getting nervous of what you were about to say.

You sighed. "There is something that is wrong, ever since we met, you've just been tagging along with me. I don't mind at all, but I know that there is something going on." You explained, Astarion felt frozen, you've caught on. Now he'll have to confess to you why he's been acting the way that he has. He didn't know how to break it to you, how to tell you that you're the reincarnation of his once love of his life. Will you hate him? Will you drive a wooden stake into his heart? What would you do? "Astarion? Please tell me what's wrong, I'm willing to listen to you" You encouraged him, now getting worried.

He couldn't hide it anymore, he had to confess to you. Astarion let out a loud sigh as he rubbed his face with both hands. Then he looked at you. "This is going to be weird, but... You, you used to be the woman I fell in love with centuries ago." He confessed, making you raise your brows at him in surprised. You watched how he took out a small piece of paper from his shirt, then he handed it to you. You took the small parchment paper, it was old, but still remained together. Opening the paper, you saw the picture of a woman. Except this woman looks just like you. But she was dressed like a noble woman. Her hair was up adorned with flowers and other hairpins. Earrings and with a slight hint of what you assumed was makeup. She looked beautiful, it was almost as if you were staring at a picture of yourself.

"That woman, she was you in past." He added, you heard the sadness in his voice. You looked at him, seen the sad look in his eyes. You only nodded, looking back at the picture of your past life. "I understand now. Why you've grown some interest in me and why you're always so protective." You said while looking at the drawing. "I knew I should have done something, I wished I was there sooner that you wouldn't of died." Astarion whimpered out. In the verge of tears. You got close to him, putting the picture back in his shirt and you placed your hands on his cheeks. "It's okay, it's not your fault." You tried to explained to him. "But it was, you got killed and I wasn't there." He cried out, tears rolling down his cheeks.

You cleaned his tears with your thumbs, as he began to sob in sadness. "Astarion, Its not your fault." You said comfortingly. All Astarion could do was cry. "It's not your fault." You explained to him, then he fell to his knees, still in tears. "It's not your fault." You repeated as you hugged him close to your stomach as his arms wrapped his arms around your waist. "It's not your fault." You said again, stroking his soft hair. All he could do was cry, this guilt has been eating him up for days. He felt as if he was dying. He finally got to be able to express his feelings. As much as he didn't want to be seen like this, he just couldn't help it.

"I'm sure that she would've understood. She knows that you would have done anything to protect her." You tried to reason with him, but he was still in denial. "I would have done anything to save you. To make sure that you were safe from him." He said, as he continued to sob. As much as you didn't want to disappoint him, you just had to. For his sake. "I'm not her." You said to him, this made him look up at you. His eyes were red swollen red and filled in tears. You gave him a sadden look. "You're not her?" H asked, almost confused. "I'm not her." You told him more sternly. The more he looked at you, the more of her appearance began to fade. He began to see less of her and more of you. Yeah you might have shared the same face, but you had your own features.

Your small facial scars were more visible, the shape of your nose was way more different than hers, as well as the shape of your face, and hair. But what didn't really change were your age, except the color of them. They were alive then they were did. The more he looked at you, the more changes he saw of you. You were right, you weren't her, anymore. You were you. Astarion got up from the dirt floor, still looking at you in the eyes, with tears still remaining in his eyes. "I see now, you're not her. At least not anymore." He told you. He sighed, wiping his tears away. "I need some time to think." He said, giving you a small smile. You gave him a small smile in return. Then he turned away, leaving deeper into the woods.

Once alone, Astarion was sitting near a riverbank, thinking about what just happened. He was too blind to see, he was asphyxiated of the thought of you being her. You were, once, but now you weren't. You were a completely different person and it took him forever to realize that. It felt refreshing. He no longer felt that huge amount of guilt he had build up, but that wasn't it. He needed to do something else to completely be free from the guilt.

Back at the camp, everyone was asleep, except for you and him. You were both standing in front of the bonfire. "Are you sure you'll do it? You don't have to if you don't want to." You told him. Astarion was holding the old picture. "No, I have to. Or else I'll never truly be free from this guilt." He said, as if a lump grew in his throat. You only nodded. Then without thinking twice, he threw the small paper at the fire. Slowly burning away, the once parchment paper had now become ashes. You saw the look of hurt in his eyes, but you knew that he was doing what was best for himself, for once.

Days had passed since that night, Astarion felt all kinds of relief. He no longer felt a heavy weight on his shoulders. He felt much more lighter than most days. He also felt new emotions. More much happier and relaxed. He hasn't felt like in centuries. He felt happy despite Cazador being after him. He thought back of that night where he got a reality check from you. He felt grateful that you had helped him with this. Not only that, but he began to see you. He no longer saw her face, he saw your face. As if it were bran new face he's never seen in his life. That was a good sign. He didn't completely forget of her, but he knew that she would have wanted for him to move on and be happy with someone else.

He had stopped comparing you to her. That meant that he no longer felt the guilt that he had been feeling for decades. Everything that you did, felt new, as if he had never seen someone do the things you did for years. He saw you in a bran new light. Everything about you had began to fascinate him more than ever. But what caught his attention the most was the way you treated those around you, how you were willing to help those in need of helping. But he also saw how kindness wasn't always the answer, and violence would often had to play a role in some situations. You were just an incredible human being. The only person who had somewhat stored his faith in humanity.

Astarion had fallen in love with you, again, but instead of your past life. He was falling for you, and hard. It no longer felt like an obsession as before, but real love. The problem was, that he had no idea what to do with his new found feelings. He had forgot how that feeling felt like many years ago. But he was willing to learn again.

"Do you have a moment dear? I'd like to speak with you" Astarion got your attention, you nodded and looked right back at him. "What is it?" You asked him, seen the small blush on his cheeks. "I know we didn't have a good start, but. Since that night, I began to grow these new feelings towards you." He explained. "Now I see you, for you. I no longer see her, but you. You're.... you're incredible. You deserve a lot, well at least to me. I would like for something... for us to start something new, something real. But I understand that you wouldn't want to be with me, after what happened in the past." He admitted.

You couldn't help but give him a small smile. "I do want something with you. I've liked you for the last couple months we were together, but I just didn't want our relationship to start with an unhealthy obsession. Because who knows what might have happened if it started that way." You explained. You saw the look of guilt her had, but he quickly added to the sentence. "But I've changed, I've realized that I fell in love with you. And I again, apologize for that, I really am." He said, you could hear the sound of his voice, how he was actually sorry and felt guilty for that. "I know you did. I trust you." You said, then you took his hand into yours. Feeling his cold skin against your warmth.

Astarion couldn't help but smile, taking both your hands into his. Feeling your warm embrace. "I... like this." He said, with an almost shy smile. "But, I honestly don't know what we're doing." He said with a small chuckle. "I know where we could start." You said with a smile. "Oh? And what would that be?" he asked with a grin. Then you got close to him and wrapped your arms around his waist. Astarion's arms were spread. Not sure on how to react, but he followed your lead. Also hugging you back, pulling you as close as possible to him. It felt good, being able to move from the guilt, to fall in love again.

ₚᵣₑᵥᵢₒᵤₛ ₚₐᵣₜ, ₙₑₓₜ ₚₐᵣₜ?

309 notes · View notes

mindblowingscience · 14 days

Text

Embryonic stem cells that play a critical role in determining our facial features during development can be hindered from growing when placed under increased pressure. An international team of researchers took a look at the growth of mouse and frog embryos, as well as human embryoids (clusters of embryonic cells developed in the lab) to better understand how some cells tell others how to grow and differentiate. They noticed that when an increase in hydrostatic pressure was applied externally to the embryo or embryoid, important cell signaling pathways in neural crest cells were disrupted.

#Science #Biology #Neurobiology #Womb #Embryos #Babies #Pressure

65 notes · View notes

warningsine · 1 year

Text

A team of researchers in the United States and United Kingdom say they have created the world’s first synthetic human embryo-like structures from stem cells, bypassing the need for eggs and sperm.

These embryo-like structures are at the very earliest stages of human development: They don’t have a beating heart or a brain, for example. But scientists say they could one day help advance the understanding of genetic diseases or the causes of miscarriages.

The research raises critical legal and ethical questions, and many countries, including the US, don’t have laws governing the creation or treatment of synthetic embryos.

The pace of discoveries in this field and the growing sophistication of these models have alarmed bioethics experts as they push ever closer to the edge of life.

“Unlike human embryos arising from in vitro fertilization (IVF), where there is an established legal framework, there are currently no clear regulations governing stem cell derived models of human embryos. There is an urgent need for regulations to provide a framework for the creation and use of stem cell derived models of human embryos,” James Briscoe, associate research director at the Francis Crick Institute, said in a statement.

Dr. Magdalena Zernicka-Goetz described the work in a presentation Wednesday to the International Society for Stem Cell Research’s annual meeting in Boston. Zernicka-Goetz, a professor of biology and biological engineering at CalTech and the University of Cambridge, said the research has been accepted at a well-regarded scientific journal but has not been published. The research was first reported by The Guardian.

Zernicka-Goetz and her team, along with a rival team in Israel, had previously described creating model embryo-like structures from mouse stem cells. Those “embryoids” showed the beginnings of a brain, heart and intestinal tract after about eight days of development.

The embryo-like structures that Zernicka-Goetz says her lab has created were grown from single human embryonic stem cells that were coaxed to develop into three distinct tissue layers, she said. They include cells that would typically go on to develop a yolk sac, a placenta and the embryo itself.

She told CNN that the embryo-like structures her lab has created are also the first to have germ cells that would go on to develop into egg and sperm.

“I just wish to stress that they are not human embryos,” Zernicka-Goetz said. “They are embryo models, but they are very exciting because they are very looking similar to human embryos and very important path towards discovery of why so many pregnancies fail, as the majority of the pregnancies fail around the time of the development at which we build these embryo-like structures.”

She said that to her knowledge, it was the first time a human model embryo had been created with three tissue layers. But she stressed that while it mimics some of the features of a natural embryo, it doesn’t have all of them.

Researchers hope these model embryos will shed light on the “black box” of human development, the period following 14 days after fertilization, which is the agreed limit for scientists to grow and study embryos in a lab.

Right now, the synthetic model human embryos are confined to test tubes. It would be illegal to implant one in a womb, and animal research with stem cells from mice and monkeys has shown that even when scientists have attempted to implant them, they don’t survive – probably because researchers haven’t figured out how to fully replicate the conditions of pregnancy.

Zernicka-Goetz said that the aim of her research wasn’t to create life but to prevent its loss, understanding why embryos sometime fail to develop after fertilization and implantation.

“We know remarkably little about this step in human development, but it is a time where many pregnancies are lost, especially in an IVF setting,” Roger Sturmey, senior research fellow in maternal and fetal health at the University of Manchester in the UK, said in a statement.

“Currently, we can say that these ‘synthetic embryos’ share a number of features with blastocysts, but it is important to recognise that the way that synthetic embryos are formed is different to what happens when a normal embryo forms a blastocyst,” he said. “There is much work to be done to determine the similarities and differences between synthetic embryos and embryos that form from the union of an egg and a sperm.”

#Magdalena Żernicka Goetz #synthetic embryo #news #stem cells

10 notes · View notes

dianapana · 2 years

Text

SasuHina Month 2022 - Day 4

Dor (Romanian)

“The emptiness and agony experienced upon missing someone or something.”

This particular prompt has a special meaning to me. I’m not sure if you are aware, but I am Romanina and the idea of ‘dor’ is something I grew up with, hearing it used in folk songs often, in poetry. I felt compelled to write for this, for it felt wrong not to. ‘Dor’ has many layers, to the point that it is understood as actual physical pain created by being apart from someone/ something/ somewhere that holds immense importance for you.

“Dearest Sasuke, I hope the battlefield is not as ruthless as the women here make it out to be. I can’t stand to listen to them talking about weapons, injuries, the horrors that you may be facing. How can they bare to talk about such topics during the șezătoare*? I always make excuses and leave when the discussion turns to this sour topic.

Nevertheless, I have taken up new hobbies to fill my time. While at șezătoare I started waving a blanket for you, a gift upon your return. I shall try to embryoid it too for you. The older women showed me and a few others the process for a few days, but now I am able to do it by myself.

I doubt I will go to șezătoare as often now, i prefer to work in our home, for it feels like you are still here with me.

I dearly await your return. A part of me hopes that you shall come back, long before I can finish the blanket”

“My dearest Sasuke, I was speaking to some of the other women, and they mentioned losing track of how many days since the departure and I felt alienated from them. How could that be true? I am painfully aware of each second. I felt every minute of every hour of all 62 days since you left.

The house feels empty, and I can’t help but cry daily lately. Your bed sheets have lost their smell. I keep cooking enough food for two people. You full plate hurts me each meal.

Please return home soon. I need to hold you in my arms, the world seems to be in chaos without you.

I finished waving the blanket and I have started the embroidery process; my fingers have been picked endlessly. They shall not heal till you are here to kiss the injury away, so for my sake alone, please return.”

“It has been 19 days since I last received a letter from you my dear. People look at me differently now, with pity and sadness in their eyes. They don’t dare utter the words, but I know what they think. But not I, for they are wrong. Their gazes shall not change my mind.

It has been 81 days since I last laid my eyes on you, since I watched you pack your bags and go to war. A war they started. A war you have fight in. Each day is harder to bear. But I am trying my best Sasuke…I am, for I know you too are doing your best.

You are busy and I understand the lack of reply. I will wait for it. For your letter will come, not only that; but, you shall deliver it yourself. I know that’s why there’s no reply. You wish to surprise me, you are on the way back home and I am waiting my love.”

“I threw away the calendar. How dare it move forward so many days in your absence? Summer is here and I despise it. You left at the beginning of the year. How could time be so cruel and continue as if my world did not pause?

I can no longer eat in your absence my love. The food turns to sand in my mouth, and it tries to kill me. It makes choke on its dryness, it tries to poison me, it wants to break my teeth. But it can’t do that if I do not eat it.

The other women tried to visit me last week, but I locked the door. They want to take your things, I know. They are thieves, they will take everything I have. They want to bury your belongings, those witches, to curse you so you do not return. But I shall not allow them to, I will protect you.”

“I fear I have fallen sick. The doctor says nothing is wrong, but he can’t possibly know better than I do. I can feel my heart failing me for it yearns of something that has been absent far too long.

I am in constant physical pain, as if someone continuedly twists a dagger in my heart. A turn of the dagger each moment, of each day, of each week and month. The agonizing pain does not allow me to sleep.

Even if it did, I wouldn’t sleep, for they are watching me. Waiting for me to close my eyes so they can take you from me. The witches, they come by often.

My love…I fear I can’t hold on much longer. I wish you would write back. I wish you would return. I wish the war would stop. I wish I were there, for the battlefield with all its horrors is more appealing to me than being here without you.

The walls of our house mock me. They laugh at my pain. I can hear them daily. I no longer am able to lay in our bed, I have taken refuge in the closet, surrounded by your clothes. I am scared to take them out of the enclosed space, they will lose your scent.

I have woven and embroidered you shirts and vests. And my dearest creation, the blanket, oh how cold you must be now that winter is approaching. Come so, your blanket can keep you warm my love. The pattern I worked is you, us. I look at it daily wishing for the face on the blanket to come alive.

You must return my dear, for I am fading away, and what disaster would it be, if you were to come home and I would be a ghost.”

“They said you have died my dear. What liars. What witches. It all a ploy. They want to make us believe we are weak. The enemy is here in this village, and they are spewing lies.

You must return Sasuke. You must protect me from their words, for each one is a stone and I am bruised and beaten already.

The enemy came in my sleep to our house my love and they tore it down and built another. This is not our home anymore, so I must leave. I shall wait for you in the snow at the village gate. I have taken your blanket with me so we can both be warm when you arrive.

Come quickly my love for it cold out here,

Love Hinata.”

A lot of the folk songs I mentioned are from the war period depicting how the women left behind grieved waiting for their lovers to return. I hope I managed to depict the depth of ‘dor’ it is often translated as ‘missing someone’ but it goes beyond that.

Also, to explain the little * aka ‘șezătoare’ in English i guess it would be translated as ‘seat/sitting’ but it's an archaic word seldom used. It was a common happening in older times. Everyone from the village would gather in a destinated place and they would talk, gossip even make important decisions as a village (so it served a social and political purpose) Most of the discussions happen while women wove blankets and men would practice woodworking.

@sasuhinamonth

#sasuhina #sasuke #hinata #sasuke uchiha #hinata hyuuga #sasuhinamonth #sasuhinamonth2022 #shmonth2022 #sasuhina fanfic #ooc #warau

25 notes · View notes

eretzyisrael · 2 years

Text

Development of synthetic embryo models from day 1 (top left) to day 8 (bottom right), when all their early organ progenitors had formed, including a beating heart, an emerging blood circulation, a brain, a neural tube, and an intestinal tract.COURTESY WEIZMANN INSTITUTE

Lit from below by the microscope’s soft glow, the translucent mouse embryos looked exactly as they should. On day 3 they began to elongate, from spheres into cylinders. On one end, the neural tube started to fold around day 6, on the other a tail began to bud. By day 8, a beating heart began to circulate blood through vessels forming around the embryo’s yolk sac.

But these embryos weren’t the product of an egg and a sperm. They weren’t even growing in the uterus of a female mouse. They were developed inside a bioreactor, and made up entirely of stem cells cultured in a Petri dish.

The experiments, performed at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and published Monday in Cell, mark the first time researchers have grown fully synthetic mouse embryos — that is without the use of sperm or eggs — outside the womb.

The advance opens up new avenues for studying how stem cells form various organs in the developing embryo and better understanding how certain mutations drive various developmental diseases. It also raises profound questions about whether other animals, including humans, might one day be cultured from stem cells in a lab.

“As soon as the science starts to move into a place where it’s feasible to go from a stem cell population in a Petri dish all the way through to organ development — which suggests one day it will be possible to go all the way to creating a living organism — it’s a pretty wild and remarkable time,” said Paul Tesar, a developmental biologist at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine who was not involved in the study.

Since the 1980s, developmental biologists have been taking apart embryos cell by cell to try to understand how they eventually become all the specialized tissues that allow fish to swim and mice to scurry and humans to walk and talk. In the last decade or so, researchers have learned enough about the signals that send stem cells down these differentiation paths to be able to put them back together into things that resemble organs (organoids), recently fertilized eggs (blastoids), and even embryos (embryoids).

But these balls of mouse and human cells could only be grown in dishes and test tubes for a short amount of time before they’d poop out. They needed a living womb to support their further development, or even better, an artificial approximation of one.

Jacob Hanna, an embryonic stem cell biologist at the Weizmann, spent seven years engineering a tubed system of spinning glass vials housed in an incubator to do just that. Last year, his team reported in Nature that their mechanical uterus could keep natural mouse embryos alive for up to 11 days.

“That really showed that mammalian embryos can grow outside the uterus — it’s not really patterning or sending signals to the embryo so much as providing nutritional support,” Hanna told STAT in an interview. The next step was to see what would happen if they put stem cells — rather than natural embryos — into their contraption. “Can these cells make an entire embryo? That was a big unanswered question for the field.”

In this latest work, the team combined that system with a novel cocktail of stem cells, some of which had been chemically coaxed to over-express genes that switched on development of the placenta and yolk sac — tissues that are vital for supporting the healthy growth of embryos.

The synthetic embryos were able to grow to day 8.5, developing the beginnings of a well-shaped brain, a neural tube, and an intestinal tract, as well as a beating heart. Analyses of the synthetic embryos’ gene expression patterns across different tissues showed that they were 95% similar to a natural mouse embryo of the same age.

“We found that these cells do have this incredible self-organizing capability that can be unleashed if given the right artificial settings,” said Hanna.

However, the work has some important limitations. Day 8.5 is still relatively early; the full gestational time for a mouse is 20 days. And the embryos that survived that long were a rarity. Only about 50 of 10,000 cellular clumps self-organized into embryos. The rest failed to develop properly.

“This is just one step, but a very important step for us to be able to study early development,” said Tesar. “We’re crossing into the realm of being able to generate an embryo from scratch, and potentially a living organism. It’s been a really notable switch for the field.”

While scientists have gotten very good at rewinding mature cells to the more primitive stem cell state, figuring out exactly which chemical signals will cause a stem cell to produce the precursors of a liver or kidney has been much more challenging. Experiments trying to nudge stem cells to form specialized tissues have tended to produce jumbled mixes of cells instead, lacking organization and with the wrong compositions of cell types.

Researchers say the new work from Hanna’s team should provide a way forward for getting those recipes right, in part because the transparent bioreactor allows scientists to observe organs developing in front of their eyes, but still in the context of surrounding support tissues. And because by starting with stem cells instead of fertilized eggs, they can produce these embryonic structures in a much more scalable and controlled way.

“This is going to tremendously refine the roadmap to tissue and organ formation,” said Nicolas Rivron, a stem cell biologist at the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Academy of Sciences in Vienna. “It’s going to teach us the minimal structures, the minimal elements that will be necessary to eventually form full-fledged organs. That alone is absolutely priceless.”

Beyond basic research though, the bigger impact of this work is its potential to one day be applied to other species, including humans. Synthetic embryos derived from stem cells offer scientists the opportunity to probe in unprecedented detail the early days of human development while providing a less controversial and ethically fraught alternative to human embryos — the study of which has historically been limited by funding bans and the willingness of IVF donors.

The synthetic embryology revolution isn’t going to happen tomorrow. There are numerous technical hurdles to translation — humans have much longer gestation periods and they grow much larger than a mouse, as well as being a more complicated organism. But that kind of work always starts somewhere, and it usually starts with mice. That means it’s not too soon to start thinking about where this could all be headed.

“The more and more we show the capacity for pushing stem cell-derived embryos further and further in development, the more synthetic embryos and natural embryos begin to merge,” said Tesar. “There will always be a gray area, but as scientists and as a society we need to come together to decide where the line is and define what is ethically acceptable.”

Hanna, for his part, isn’t interested in synthetic embryos for reproductive purposes. The ultimate goal he’s working toward is making organs and tissues for transplantation and to treat human diseases. He sees synthetic organoids not as potential lifeforms so much as as biology’s best 3D printer.

“You can view this as a universal differentiation protocol,” he said. Rather than needing different complicated chemical recipes to make a stem cell become a liver or a lung, embryoids, even very early-stage ones can give a stem cell all the signals it needs to produce potentially life-saving therapies.

Imagine a patient with untreatable leukemia — they need a bone marrow transplant to survive. In Hanna’s future, scientists can take a biopsy of skin cells from that patient, wind them back into stem cells, grow them in naive conditions, and put them in this specialized bioreactor. The end result? An army of bone marrow stem cells that can be given to that patient, without them having to wait for a donor match that might never come. “It’s early days but we’re really opening up the field to explore these possibilities more seriously,” said Hanna. “We’re moving from science fiction to science.”

Last year, Hanna co-founded a company called Renewal Bio, also based in Israel, focused on testing how his lab’s technology might be translated into improving human health.

#Israel #Weizmann Institute of Science #Medical #Health #Animals #Science

5 notes · View notes

legendaryturtletheorist · 9 months

Text

Comprehensive Guide to 3D Cell Culture Protocols for Enhanced Research

Introduction:

3D cell culture has emerged as a revolutionary technique in the field of cell biology, offering a more physiologically relevant environment compared to traditional 2D cell cultures. This comprehensive guide aims to provide researchers with essential protocols for successful 3D cell culture experiments, unlocking new possibilities for advanced research and drug discovery. Below are some key protocols to consider when setting up 3D cell cultures.

Scaffold-Based 3D Cell Culture:

Scaffold-based 3D cell culture involves the use of biocompatible materials to provide structural support for cells to grow and interact. Common scaffold materials include hydrogels, natural polymers (e.g., collagen, Matrigel), and synthetic polymers (e.g., polycaprolactone). Follow these steps for successful scaffold-based 3D cell culture:

Preparation of the scaffold material: Thoroughly dissolve the scaffold material in an appropriate buffer or medium.

Cell seeding: Mix the cells with the scaffold solution and transfer the mixture to the desired culture vessel.

Culture maintenance: Regularly replenish the culture medium to support cell growth and maintain a suitable environment.

Hanging Drop Method:

The hanging drop method is a simple and effective technique for generating 3D cell aggregates. This method is particularly useful for spheroid formation and embryoid body generation. Here's how to perform the hanging drop method:

Cell suspension preparation: Create a cell suspension with the desired cell concentration and medium.

Droplet formation: Invert a cell culture dish lid and apply small droplets (20-30 μl) of the cell suspension on the lid surface.

Lid inversion: Carefully place the lid over the culture dish, ensuring the droplets hang from the lid surface.

Spheroid development: Monitor spheroid formation over time, and supplement with fresh medium as needed.

Bioreactors for Large-Scale 3D Cultures:

When scaling up 3D cell cultures, bioreactors provide a controlled and continuous environment for cell growth. Bioreactors are particularly useful for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine studies. The general steps for bioreactor-based 3D cell culture are as follows:

Bioreactor setup: Assemble the bioreactor and sterilize all components before use.

Cell inoculation: Introduce the cells into the bioreactor and ensure even distribution.

Medium perfusion: Maintain a steady flow of fresh medium to provide nutrients and remove waste products.

Monitoring and analysis: Regularly monitor cell growth and analyze the tissue's functionality during the culture period.

Microfluidic 3D Cell Culture:

Microfluidic platforms offer precise control over the cellular microenvironment, enabling the creation of complex 3D cell culture models. These platforms are ideal for mimicking in vivo conditions and studying cell behavior at a microscale level. Key steps for microfluidic 3D cell culture are:

Device preparation: Fabricate the microfluidic device or use pre-made chips.

Cell seeding: Introduce the cells into the microfluidic channels or chambers.

Fluid flow control: Set up the fluid flow system to maintain a controlled environment.

Real-time imaging: Utilize live imaging techniques to monitor cell responses and interactions.

Conclusion:

Adopting appropriate 3D cell culture protocols is crucial for obtaining reliable and relevant data in various research areas. Whether using scaffold-based methods, hanging drop techniques, bioreactors, or microfluidic platforms, researchers can now leverage 3D cell culture's potential to advance their studies in fields such as cancer research, drug screening, and tissue engineering. Remember to optimize protocols based on your specific cell type and research objectives to achieve the best results.

#cell culture bacterial contamination

0 notes

ax3022-ancutadantepelgrom · 1 year

Text

Testing Materials Week 2-3

vimeo

This is a compilation of tests I did on the multiplane.

At first I started with charcoal, then some string animation, and clay and oil. As well as a pyrography test on a slab of wood. I am writing to describe my thoughts and processes of each and to hopefully decide on one medium.

I first started with the pyrography tool which essentially was a soldering rod. It was great fun, very hot, and Smokey so I will definitely include a mask and a heatproof glove if I choose this going forward. Its burn effect is exactly what I'm looking for, so I am eager to make this work for me. I will however need to source my own wood potentially going out and finding it rather than ordering this. I did a quick test of drawing charcoal next to the pyro test to see how they look next to each other. I feel as though I could combine them together, possibly closer to the design stage/production.

On the multiplane I did three different charcoal tests, on different coloured paper. I had quickly drawn a rough plan for the first sapling animation. Since it was at the beginning of using the multiplane we had the lighting set up however the bulb went off one which is why it wasn't set so well. And wasn't until later this was replaced. I wasn't to worried about this since its only to see if I like the materials and If it's doable. We used dragon frame software to capture this, and made sure with a focus check it was picking up the details with the camera. Once this was sorted we added the keys for either two or single frame buttons. I was told that the lens would also have to be changed for the multiplane to a 50mm however I was just glad to even start. Once all setup and wires were in order My next issue was that I would have to animate upside down. I did this for the first two. As you can see they are off centre although I did try to mark out the corners this was still hard for me. Versus the last version which you can see I flipped this after in after effects. Certainly drawing the face is clearer, but it is to high up and not centred. I have to also be sure not to leave things on frame, I momentarily left a rubber on the first one within a shoot. Luckily I have managed to edit this out. I am really drawn to the express nature of charcoals in general and would hope to find a way I can Incorporate this.

When it comes to clay I did not have a lot to use. So I had to try to make the slab tile I rolled out thick enough for when I drew into this as you can see it wasn't to visible versus when I applied clay above. If I had ore clay I might have been able to do a larger slab and more able to do bigger, artwork for it's animations. At this time we managed to get a second light working so I had to rework the exposure and camera settings again. I think if I had spent a little more time working with this I might have got a better looking result. However, I personally got the feeling I would not be using clay since it did not give the same expressive freedom I had in charcoal. It was still a worthy try as I personally do love working in clay. It would just not meant to be.

When It comes to the oil which I barely touched and was only 0.5 of a second, it was an instant no. And I could not think of a way to get it to animate clearly. So what I did to save clean up was tape this clear film above the class. Now reflecting, since I used two planes instead of one the lower one was the back ground anyway. Instead of Making the top layer with too much white, I should have only done the black branch. My thinking was I need the white to add and take away. Upon this reflection I am learning from my mistakes and taking the time to reflect has certainly helped in this case.

Last but not least I just did some quick string-over-fabric animation. Initially, I was going to embryoid this. However, I could not see a way to do this unless I had something to stretch the fabric like a hoop or a frame I could secure and staple fabric to this. Unfortunately, I thought of this a little late as I do not have the funds for this. So instead I played with the string. and tried to see how much control I would have over this and how could I make it look like something. Well, I tried at first to see how tight I could hold the shape. Unfortunately, It could not do this very well. It could, however, look and move very fluidly like so the first one is meant to resemble water a bit, whereas the second one is meant to resemble a fish whose tail is reacting to the forces around this. Overall this is not bad and I may come back with a hoop or something to update and add later as a side project if I have time before Thursday so I can really get a feel.

#Vimeo

0 notes

nixonluna57 · 1 year

Text

Functional outcome soon after decrease arm or leg periprosthetic cracks

05). Conclusion: Despite the fact that glipizide demonstrated a little more speedy discounted through the system of suffering from diabetes volunteers when compared with via wholesome volunteers, this kind of variation, similar to individuals for various other pharmacokinetic parameters, had not been substantial (g > 2.05).With this review, the in-vitro anti-fungal task along with phytochemical evaluation of Schizophyllum commune concentrated amounts have been looked into. The anti-fungal activity ended up being tested against Eleven varieties of picked wooden degrading fungus regarding rubberwood. The final results demonstrated that h2o, methanol and ethanol ingredients drastically limited the development involving timber degrading fungus with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges Zero.16-5.Double zero mu g/mu D. S. sanguineus was discovered since the strongest solid wood degrading fungus where that required the best power S. commune raw concentrated amounts (>Equates to A few.Double zero mu g/mu L) in order to inhibit it's mycelia growth. Phytochemicals evaluation said that the extracts contained flavonoid, phenol along with saponin. The actual methanol extracts of Utes. connect ended up being put on the particular rubberwood obstructs and located that the expansion of P. sanguineus ended up being limited efficiently with A few.Double zero mu g/mu L.Embryonic base tissue (ESCs) are generally pluripotent and capable of self-renewal. ESC aggregates, termed embryoid physiques (EBs), have been broadly adopted as a possible in vitro difference style. However, the particular size output of uniform dimension as well as shaped EBs may be difficult. Within will be described the development of any tradition plate that contains many concave microwells using minimal usage of resources, job, expertise, and price, permitting the production of a large number of homogeneous EBs simultaneously using the way of life dish. The large variety of concave well buildings can be self-constructed with the see more surface tension from the viscoelastic PDMS prepolymer. Murine ESCs (mESCs) are seeded on top of the concave water bores for muscle size creation of monodisperse EBs. It's noticed how the EBs developed more than a significant location are generally uniform in shape as well as size regardless of microwell place and variants cell seeding densities, and also whether or not their particular phenotype is managed. The capability to identify directly into adult cells (neuron and also endothelial tissues) from EBs is additionally looked at and also the neural surges from separated neuron tissues are generally measured to watch their particular operate. Uniform size and shape EBs tend to be properly generated throughout major in addition to their pluripotency can be taken care of comparable to some other approaches.Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) could be the 2nd most popular main hard working liver most cancers along with poor receptiveness for you to current drug therapies. Therefore, story treatment methods versus ICC have to boost tactical. The objective of this research ended up being illustrate the role of fused-in-glioblastoma-c-ros-oncogenel (FIG-ROS) combination gene inside ICC. ROS was favorably expressed inside ICC cells and also HUCCT1 tissue. Plasmids indicating ROS- and also FIG-specific shRNAs ended up created along with transfected in to HUCCT1 cells.

0 notes

bradleychilders49 · 1 year

Text

Tend to be humans developed specialists with regard to jogging within the high temperature? Person versus. moose events offer test insights

The actual employed method was discovered being easy, affordable as well as extremely powerful. Several types of the actual photocatalyst portrayal, including FE-SEM/EDX, AAS, ICP-MS, TOC as well as nitrogen adsorption/desorption in 77K ended up used to link structurel and morphological components of immobilized TiO2-chitosan/glass fiber stitched roving and its photocatalytic attributes beneath Ultra violet irradiation. Response was carried out in a self-constructed batch setting as well as annular type of the actual photoreactor. Evaluation regarding thermal, photolytic along with photocatalytical destruction associated with handled terbuthylazine from distinct reaction circumstances had been done to get far more clues about your photocatalytic performance and also effect system. It absolutely was noticed that there are simply no decay throughout photocatalytic productivity more than a any period of time associated with reaction occasion making use of for your photocatalytic wreckage of terbuthylazine. (Chemical) 2015 Elsevier T.Versus. Most privileges set-aside.According to extensive preclinical info, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has been recommended to become practical substance goal for any wide range of illness claims, including diabetes mellitus for you to bipolar disorder. As these brand-new drug treatments, which is more robust GSK-3 inhibitors when compared with lithium, might be given in order to ladies regarding childbirth prospective, and since it's got controversially been recently advised that lithium treatment might be associated with genetic heart failure defects, all of us questioned whether GSK-3 relatives are required for normal coronary heart development in rodents. All of us report that fatal cardiomyocyte differentiation has been considerably blunted in Gsk3b(-1-) embryoid bodies. Although GSK-3 alpha-deficient mice had been given birth to with out a heart phenotype, absolutely no five-born Gsk3b(-1-) dogs had been restored. Your Gsk3b-1- embryos had a dual store RV, ventricular septal disorders, as well as hypertrophic myopathy, together with near obliteration of the ventricular cavities. Your hypertrophic myopathy was brought on by cardiomyocyte hyperproliferation with no hypertrophy and it was connected with greater term and atomic localization associated with three specialists involving spreading - GATA4, cyclin D1, along with c-Myc. These reports, which usually we feel are the first in animals to check the role involving GSK-3 alpha as well as GSK-3 experiment with in the coronary heart using loss-of-function methods, implicate GSK-3 try out as being a core regulator regarding embryonic cardiomyocyte expansion selleckchem along with differentiation, along with associated with output tract advancement. Even though controversy over the teratogenic connection between lithium stays, each of our research advise that extreme caution should be exercised in the usage of newer, livlier medications concentrating on GSK-3 ladies regarding childbearing get older.Actinomyces neuii subsp. neuii can be a exceptional separate in medical specimens. The particular living thing had been designated Center for disease control coryneform class I and it was re-named within 94'. A case of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection due to this kind of living thing is actually explained.Background: Myocardial contractile depressive disorders grows 4 for you to Twenty four h following significant burn damage.

0 notes