#Chindwin

[xvojfi40k2vnd]

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[b2krw3nsx]

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#munchers #apterous #postliminiary #Chindwin #typhobacillosis #varicosity #universological #multivitamins #Harze #noncurtailment #jejunostomy #consonous #diasporas #co-bishop #papillous #scotomatical #Pan-hispanism #gonimolobe #Dimitrov #overmeanness

[captain-price-unofficially]

Men of the 11th Division on the road to Kalewa, Burma after crossing the Chindwin River, 1945

#wwii #china-india-burma theater #burma campaign

[pronititravelagency]

Enjoy The Array Of River Cruises In Myanmar

Magnificent Burma, sometimes referred to as Myanmar, is rising from a difficult past and toward a promising future. In addition, by embracing foreign trade and tourism, the country hopes to highlight its captivating beauty to the outside world. Myanmar has thus become one of the most popular tourist destinations in Southeast Asia. When enjoying a Luxury River Cruise Myanmar, you can expect to be amazed by sparkling towns of golden temples, invigorated by lush surroundings, and humbled by the gentle smiles of friendly inhabitants. Furthermore, there are a number of mysterious rivers in Burma, like the tranquil Chindwin and the mysterious Irrawaddy, which tourists can cruise along and enjoy the breath-taking scenery of this wonderland. It's time to explore this underappreciated and underdeveloped country with amazing Myanmar River Cruises, which offers tours to a plethora of holy pagodas, breath-taking landscapes, historic cities, and unique monasteries.

Myanmar is an obscure tourism location in Asia that not many people have visited

 It is recognized as a Buddhist nation since the majority of its citizens are Buddhists. A river trip in Myanmar is an incredible way to experience the unique culture, the alluring natural beauty, and friendly Burmese people. Our suggestions will help you plan the Myanmar River Cruise. We are extremely proud to be the leading provider of Myanmar River Cruises, with the most reasonably priced cruise packages available in the nation. From the calm Mandalay to the legendary Bagan, our cruises transport you to see the wonders of the Golden Land of Myanmar, from the majestic Irrawaddy River to the mysterious Chindwin. Our Luxury River Cruises provide unmatched convenience, an uncommon chance to experience a new place, and a fantastic way to find undiscovered jewels or the other side of well-known locations. Come experience things you never would have imagined when you join us today.

#tour operator myanmar #myanmar visa

[sanguinosa-blog]

Chindwin News Agency @TheChindwin

Over 300 Myanmar junta troops flee to Bangladesh 08 February 2024 Over 300 Myanmar junta troops have fled to Bangladesh, crossing the Myanmar - Bangladesh border, as the Arakan Army has captured junta regime's military bases in the northern and western parts of Rakhine state in Myanmar. According to Bangladeshi BD News 24, a total of 327 Myanmar security forces crossed the border into Bangladesh in the last four days, fearing attacks by the Arakan Army. The Arakan Army, a Rakhine ethnic armed group, has been engaged in clashes with the Myanmar military, also known as the Tatmadaw, as part of Operation 1027 initiated by the Northern Brotherhood Alliance.. As attacks by the Arakan Army intensified, the Myanmar junta regime's security forces found themselves in a difficult situation. Faced with mounting pressure and losses on the ground, a significant number of junta troops decided to abandon their posts and cross the border into Bangladesh. The Bangladeshi news website BD News 24 reported that a total of 327 Myanmar security forces crossed the border into Bangladesh in the last four days.

https://x.com/TheChindwin/status/1756583103341195697?s=20

#myanmar

[shahananasrin-blog]

[ad_1] BANGKOK (AP) — Twelve people, including three members of the security forces, are missing after a boat capsized and sank in a river in the Sagaing region of northwestern Myanmar, state-run media reported Thursday.A report in the state-run Myanma Alinn Daily said six civilians, three workers and the security force personnel were missing after the vessel was caught Tuesday morning in strong currents in the Chindwin River near Panset village in Kale district.The report said the vessel was part of a goods-carrying convoy that came from further north, and that rescue operations were ongoing.A village elder from Panset told The Associated Press that a group of 11 vessels guarded by security forces had docked there on Monday night, and that the missing included three university students and two other people from his village. He said he did not know how many people had been aboard. He spoke on the condition of anonymity because he feared arrest by the military.Sagaing is a stronghold of armed resistance to the ruling military, which seized power in February 2021 from the elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi.The takeover was met with peaceful demonstrations that were quashed with lethal force by the army and police. Many opponents of military rule then took up arms, and large parts of the country are now embroiled in a conflict that some U.N. experts have called a civil war. The Chindwin River, which flows through Sagaing, has become one of the major routes to transport food, reinforcements and equipment for the army to carry out major offensives in the region, in some cases burning down villages and displacing hundreds of thousands of people. It is also known for carrying jade downriver from mines in northern Myanmar.Locally formed resistance groups along the river often attack military vessels and convoys, firing from shore.However, Panset village is one of the few considered sympathetic to the military government, and its residents have been accused of assisting in the army’s counter-insurgency operations.Several independent Myanmar media outlets, which operate underground because of repression by the military, claimed that as many as 100 people were missing from the sunken boat. One of the sources for the claim, which was not readily verifiable, was a local resistance group.In October 2016, a vessel carrying more than 200 passengers capsized in the Chindwin River in nearby Kani township and more than 70 people died. [ad_2]

[foxnangelseo]

India’s ‘Gateway to the East’ through Moreh town, which is the only feasible land route for trade between India and Myanmar and other Southeast Asian countries More than 74.34% of Manipur’s geographical area falls under forest cover. Major forest products of the state include timber, firewood and bamboo. Manipur is primarily an agriculture-based economy and has scope for commercial plantation of a variety of horticulture crops such as figs, olive, and mandarin. Handloom, handicraft and sericulture-based industries in Manipur are the most-developed industries and contribute significantly to state income. Manipur shares its border with Nagaland, Cachar district of Assam, and Mizoram in India and the international border with Myanmar - Chin Hills and Chindwin. Imphal, the state’s capital, is well-connected with an international airport having air cargo services and four national highways, thereby opening attractive business opportunities in Manipur for the business community. The railway line on the Manipur-Assam border is being constructed on a priority basis.

[adshofar]

2023년 1월 25일 미얀마 현지신문 헤드라인

The Mirror (정부기관지) – 국가관리위원회 5대 로드맵 – 1월 24일 민아웅흘라잉 위원장, 주미얀마 쿠웨이트 대사 신임장 수락 – 1월 24일 양곤 Ywar Thar Gyi Dry Port에서 수입 전기차 검사 시행, ChinDwin Shan Construction 30대, NPK Motors 10대 수입 – 1월 24일 State Peace Talks Team, Restoration Council of Shan State과 평화회담 시작 – 1월 24일 KNDO 6대대 소속 저항군, 꺼인주 Kawkareik 타운십 Kan Ni 마을 관리사무소 방화 공격 – 2월 1일부터 타운십별로 구분되는 택시 번호 스티커 발급 Myawady Daily (국방일보) – 국가관리위원회 5대…

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#미얀마 #미얀마 현지신문

[taiwanindia0]

P-glycoprotein Inhibition Exacerbates Cisplatin Neurotoxicity in Neurons and Cancer Patients

For that importance and/or trends towards importance linkage report, 1,000 clones had been carried out to look for the empirical P price. Results: All of us record the linkage review of the PSMD9 SNPs [intervening sequence IVS3+nt460A/G, IV53+nt437C/T along with E197G] within French people using T2D neuropathy. Conclusion: In conclusion, your PSMD9 gene SNPs researched bring about the anatomical probability of person suffering from diabetes neuropathy inside our Italian language information set, displaying stats significance for a good item model-based gift of money. (D) This year Elsevier Inc. Almost all privileges set aside.Psilorhynchus ngathanu, a new psilorhynchid types, is actually defined in the Dutah Lake, Chindwin Basin in Manipur, Indian. The new species can be distinct from it's congeners without weighing scales in the midventral place relating to the chest fins, a good a couple of lines associated with locations about the dorsal-fin light and two dark-colored cafes for the caudal fin, v-vi unbranched pectoral-fin sun light, along with 12 + In search of principal caudal-fin sun rays.A brand new concept with regard to most cancers #Link# testing has become preliminarily looked into. The most cancers aimed towards adviser loaded with the near-infrared (NIR) coloring ended up being externally applied on the particular muscle to spotlight cancer-suspect areas along with guide to prevent coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, which has been accustomed to additional look into muscle morphology at the micron range. An airplane pilot study ApcMin rats may be carried out for you to preliminarily examination this specific fresh most cancers testing strategy. Being a cancer-targeting realtor, poly(epsilon-caprolactone) microparticles (PCLMPs), labeled with a NIR absorb dyes and functionalized having an RGD (argenine-glycine-aspartic acid solution) peptide, were utilized. This kind of adviser recognizes the particular leader(nu)beta(Three or more) integrin receptor (ABIR), that's over-expressed simply by #Link# epithelial cancers cellular material. The particular comparison agent had been given #Link# externally inside vivo in mouse digestive tract. Right after incubation, the wildlife have been given up as well as fluorescence-guided high quality visual coherence tomography (March) imaging was applied to visualise colon morphology. The particular preliminary results demonstrate preferential staining in the irregular cells, as shown by the two microscopy as well as laser-induced fluorescence photo, as well as OCT's power to distinguish involving normal mucosal locations, early dysplasia, along with adenocarcinoma. Even though quite preliminary, the outcomes on this examine declare that fluorescence-guided March image might be a suitable method for cancer verification. If successful, this strategy might be utilized by doctors in order to far more easily detect early on malignancies inside vivo. (D) The new year Optical Community of Americamirielle Gurd BJ, Peters SJ, Heigenhauser GJF, LeBlanc PJ, Doherty TJ, Paterson DH, Kowalchuk JM. Previous large workout elevates pyruvate dehydrogenase activity along with muscle tissue oxygenation and also data transfer rates O-2 usage kinetics throughout average workout inside older adults. Are T Physiol Regul Integr Work comp Physiol 297: R877-R884, Last year. Very first published Come early july 15, '09; doi: 12.1152/ajpregu.90848.'08.-The adaptation regarding lung o2 uptake ((V) above dotO(2p)) kinetics in the transition to moderate-intensity exercises are slowed up throughout more mature compared with more youthful grown ups; nonetheless, this response is more rapidly carrying out a preceding round involving heavy-intensity physical exercise.

#Cisplatin #Ibrutinib #Adenylosuccinate synthase

[zambianobserver]

ESCAPE FROM MUKOBEKO - 5TH NOVEMBER, 1988 - PART FOUR [CHINDWIN HEIST]

ESCAPE FROM MUKOBEKO – 5TH NOVEMBER, 1988 – PART FOUR [CHINDWIN HEIST]

#ZOH #SNAPSHOT IN HISTORY : ESCAPE FROM MUKOBEKO – 5TH NOVEMBER, 1988 – PART FOUR [CHINDWIN HEIST] By Eugene Makai 《*First posted on 26th March 2020》 With Tanzanian Muhammed Bin Tiz Mande gunned down and six feet under at the Kabwe Cemetery, ‘Operation Gooseneck’ turned its attention to the fugitive Zambian death row inmates. Parallel with the manhunt, prison warders were held for questioning…

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[scoutreisen]

FLUSSKREUZFAHRTEN AUF DEN FLÜSSEN ASIENS

Eine Flusskreuzfahrt mit einem der 17 speziell entworfenen Schiffen der Reederei Pandaw Cruises ist eine wunderbare und bequeme Art die Länder Asiens kennenzulernen. Ihr „schwimmendes Hotel“ empfängt Sie mit einem exzellenten Service, einer edlen Ausstattung, ausgezeichneter Küche, großen Kabinen mit Panoramfenstern sowie einem abwechselungsreichen Ausflugs- & Kulturprogramm.

Infos & Buchung unter: https://www.scout-reisen.de/asien-flusskreuzfahrten

#Pandaw #Flusskreuzfahrten #Asien #Scout Reisen #Mekong #Red River #Halong Bucht #Irrawaddy #brahmaputra #Chindwin #Ganges #Angebote #Buchen #Online #Sicher reisen #Luxusreisen #Luxury tarvel #Flussreisen #Reiseanbieter

[pronititravelagency]

Sailing Serenity: Discovering Myanmar's Charm with River Cruises

Myanmar, a country steeped in ancient traditions and breath-taking landscapes, offers a unique perspective when explored through its intricate network of rivers. Myanmar River Cruises, an increasingly popular choice among travellers, promise an enchanting journey along the Irrawaddy and Chindwin Rivers, unveiling the heart of this Southeast Asian gem.

Cruising Through Timeless Beauty

Embarking on a Myanmar River Cruise is like stepping into a living tapestry of history and culture. As the boat glides along the serene waters, passengers are treated to ever-changing vistas of lush landscapes, ancient temples, and vibrant local life. From the bustling city of Mandalay to the remote villages nestled along the riverbanks, each day unfolds with a new chapter in Myanmar's rich narrative.

Luxury Meets Authenticity

Myanmar River Cruises seamlessly blend luxury with authenticity, offering travelers an unparalleled experience. Onboard, modern comforts and amenities coexist with a commitment to preserving the traditional charm of Myanmar. Cabins with panoramic views, gourmet dining featuring local flavors, and personalized service create an atmosphere where passengers can immerse themselves in the beauty of Myanmar without sacrificing comfort.

Unraveling Hidden Gems Along the Banks

One of the unique advantages of river cruises is the access they provide to lesser-known destinations. Away from the beaten path, these cruises navigate through areas that may be challenging to reach by land. Passengers disembark to explore hidden gems like Bagan, an ancient city with thousands of temples, or the quaint village of Mingun, where time seems to stand still.

Cultural Immersion with Expert Guides

A Myanmar River Cruise is not just a scenic journey; it's an opportunity to deepen your understanding of the country's culture. Expert guides accompany passengers on excursions, offering insights into the history, traditions, and local ways of life. Whether exploring ancient pagodas, attending traditional performances, or interacting with villagers, every moment is a chance to connect with Myanmar's rich heritage.

A Sanctuary of Relaxation

Beyond cultural exploration, Myanmar River Cruises provide a sanctuary of relaxation. The gentle lull of the boat, the panoramic views, and the slow pace of the journey create a tranquil environment. Passengers can unwind on the sun deck, enjoy spa treatments, or savor a cocktail as the sun sets over the river, making each day a blend of adventure and serenity.

Preserving the Environment

Cruise operators in Myanmar are increasingly focusing on sustainable and responsible tourism. Environmentally friendly practices, such as waste reduction and conservation efforts, are integrated into the cruise experience. This commitment ensures that travelers can enjoy the natural beauty of Myanmar's rivers while contributing to the preservation of this pristine environment.

In conclusion, Myanmar River Cruises offer a unique and immersive way to experience the beauty and culture of this captivating country. From ancient wonders to hidden treasures, these cruises unveil the soul of Myanmar while providing a luxurious and comfortable journey. So, if you seek a blend of adventure, cultural enrichment, and relaxation, consider embarking on a Myanmar River Cruise for a voyage that transcends time and leaves an indelible mark on your travel memories.

#tour operator myanmar #cambodia luxury tours

[bookloversofbath]

Action in Burma :: Colonel J. B. Chaplin

Action in Burma :: Colonel J. B. Chaplin

Action in Burma :: Colonel J. B. Chaplin soon to be presented for sale on the sparkling BookLovers of Bath web site! London: P. F. Smith, 1984, Hardback in dust wrapper. Laid in 2 ms. from the author regarding party invitations both dated 18th October 1944. Includes: Black & white photographs; Maps; List of abbreviations; Glossary; Frontispiece; Appendices (3); From the cover: Colonel JB Chaplin,…

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[kaijutegu]

This is the Burmese Roofed Turtle. There are perhaps six of them left in the wild. There’s over a thousand in zoos. This is a very, very good thing.

There are five known females and while nobody’s seen a male in a while... well, we know there’s at least one. Habitat loss and environmental degradation have made this handsome beastie functionally extinct in the wild- but we’re not going to lose them. In fact, there’s a captive population of over 1000, including the 63 that hatched from the 110 wild eggs collected along the Upper Chindwin River in Myanmar. 

These hatchlings would not have survived in the wild. There’s too much against them.

Had they managed to hatch, they would have been at risk from predation and resource depletion. They would have been hunted- for collectors, or for food. One of the last wild adults was seen in 2007 in a Chinese market, after all. It’s not safe for this turtle anymore in the wild- but thanks to a carefully managed breeding program and six assurance colonies/reservoir populations located at Yangon Zoo, Lawkanandar Wildlife Sanctuary, Limpha Field Station, Htamanthi Wildife Sanctuary, Mandalay Zoo, and Singapore Zoo, this turtle has a future. Perhaps one day, there will be habitat for the Burmese Roofed Turtle. Perhaps one day, the water will be cleaner, the land in less demand. 

But even if it’s not, we won’t lose this species. We’ll be able to tell its story and make it clear that once these beautiful turtles swam in the wild- and they don’t anymore, but maybe one day they will again. Stuff like this is why I get so frustrated with blanket anti-zoo rhetoric. There’s literally no other way to preserve species like this in the actual world that exists today. For some species, in situ conservation is only delaying the inevitable; setting up healthy assurance colonies in zoos where the genetic diversity can be preserved and the species can be propagated is the only way forward. Without these programs, the Burmese Roofed Tortoise would go the way of the baiji or the vaquita. If you’d like to know more about the Turtle Survival Alliance and their work with the world’s critically endangered turtle species, they post a lot of cool stuff on Facebook.

#reptile #turtle #reptiblr #zoos

[alxndrasplace]

(ESA)  Sagaing Division, Myanmar

The Copernicus Sentinel-1A satellite brings us over part of the Sagaing Division in northwest Myanmar, and along the border with India.

Snaking through the image is the Chindwin River, which breached its banks during a period of severe flooding in 2015. Monsoon rains beginning that July caused multiple rivers in the region to overflow, causing widespread damage and affecting up to a million people.

This image was created using two passes by Sentinel-1’s radar: one before the flooding on 20 March 2015 and the other during the event on 4 September 2015. Combining them shows changes between the images, such as the inundation of some 111 000 hectares of land on either sides of the river bank appearing in red.

This information was then released in the form of a map under the International Charter Space and Major Disasters to assist relief efforts.

Currently led by ESA, the Charter is an international collaboration between 16 owners or operators of Earth observation missions. It provides rapid access to satellite data to help disaster management authorities in the event of a natural or man-made disaster.

Sentinel-1’s radar ability to ‘see’ through clouds, rain and in darkness makes it particularly useful for monitoring floods.

Source

#Earth from Space #Sagaing Division Myanmar #Chindwin River #flooding

[greatworldwar2]

• Battle of Kohima

The Battle of Kohima proved the turning point of the Japanese U-Go offensive into India in 1944 during the Second World War. The battle took place in three stages from April to June 1944 around the town of Kohima.

The Japanese plan to invade India, codenamed U-Go, was originally intended as a spoiling attack against the British IV Corps at Imphal in Manipur, to disrupt the Allied offensive plans for that year. The commander of the Japanese Fifteenth Army, Lieutenant General Renya Mutaguchi, enlarged the plan to invade India itself and perhaps even overthrow the British Raj. If the Japanese were able to gain a strong foothold in India they would demonstrate the weakness of the British Empire and provide encouragement to Indian nationalists in their decolonization efforts. Moreover, occupation of the area around Imphal would severely impact American efforts to supply Chiang Kai-shek's army in China. The objections of the staffs of various headquarters were eventually overcome, and the offensive was approved by Imperial General Headquarters on January 7th, 1944. Part of the plan involved sending the Japanese 31st Division (which was composed of the 58th, 124th and 138th Infantry Regiments and the 31st Mountain Artillery Regiment) to capture Kohima and thus cut off Imphal. Mutaguchi wished to exploit the capture of Kohima by pushing the 31st Division on to Dimapur, the vital railhead and logistic base in the Brahmaputra River valley. The 31st Division's commander, Lieutenant General Kotoku Sato, was unhappy with his role. He had not been involved in the planning of the offensive, and had grave misgivings about its chances. He had already told his staff that they might all starve to death. He and Mutaguchi had also been on opposite sides during the split between the Toseiha and Kodoha factions within the Japanese Army during the early 1930s, and Sato believed he had reason to distrust Mutaguchi's motives.

Starting on March 15th, 1944, the Japanese 31st Division crossed the Chindwin River near Homalin and moved north-west along jungle trails on a front almost 60 miles (97 km) wide. Because of a shortage of transport, half the artillery regiment's mountain guns and the infantry regiments' heavy weapons were left behind. Only three week's supply of food and ammunition was carried. Although the march was arduous, good progress was made. The Indian troops were the 50th Indian Parachute Brigade under Brigadier Maxwell Hope-Thompson, at Sangshak. Although they were not Miyazaki's objective, he decided to clear them from his line of advance. The Battle of Sangshak continued for six days. The parachute brigade's troops were desperately short of drinking water, but Miyazaki was handicapped by lack of artillery until near the end of the battle. Eventually, as some of the Japanese 15th Division's troops joined the battle, Hope-Thompson withdrew. The 50th Parachute Brigade lost 600 men, while the Japanese had suffered over 400 casualties. Meanwhile, the commander of the British Fourteenth Army, Lieutenant General William Slim, belatedly realised (partly from Japanese documents that had been captured at Sangshak) that a whole Japanese division was moving towards Kohima. He and his staff had originally believed that, because of the forbidding terrain in the area, the Japanese would only be able to send a regiment to take Kohima.

Kohima's strategic importance in the wider 1944 Japanese Chindwin offensive lay in that it was the summit of a pass that offered the Japanese the best route from Burma into India. Through it ran the road which was the main supply route between the base at Dimapur in the Brahmaputra River valley and Imphal, where the British and Indian troops of IV Corps (consisting of the 17th, 20th and 23rd Indian Infantry Divisions) faced the main Japanese offensive. Kohima Ridge itself runs roughly north and south. The road from Dimapur to Imphal climbs to its northern end and runs along its eastern face. In 1944, Kohima was the administrative centre of Nagaland. North of the ridge lay the densely inhabited area of Naga Village, crowned by Treasury Hill, and Church Knoll. South and west of Kohima Ridge were GPT Ridge and the jungle-covered Aradura Spur. The various British and Indian service troop encampments in the area gave their names to the features which were to be important in the battle e.g. "Field Supply Depot" became FSD Hill or merely FSD.

Before the 161st Indian Brigade arrived, the only fighting troops in the Kohima area were the newly raised 1st Battalion, the Assam Regiment and a few platoons from the 3rd (Naga Hills) Battalion of the paramilitary Assam Rifles. Late in March 161st Brigade deployed in Kohima, but Major-General Ranking ordered them back to Dimapur, as it was felt initially that Dimapur had more strategic importance. Kohima was regarded as a roadblock, while Dimapur was the railhead where the majority of Allied supplies were stored. As the right wing and centre of the Japanese 31st Division approached Jessami, 30 miles (48 km) to the east of Kohima, elements of the Assam Regiment fought delaying actions against them commencing on April 1st. Nevertheless, the men in the forward positions were soon overrun and the Assam regiment was ordered to withdraw. By the night of April 3rd, Miyazaki's troops reached the outskirts of the Naga village and began probing Kohima from the south. The next day, Ranking ordered the 161st Indian Brigade to move forward to Kohima again, but only one battalion, 4th Battalion Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment commanded by Lieutenant Colonel John Laverty, and a company of the 4th Battalion, 7th Rajput Regiment arrived in Kohima before the Japanese cut the road west of the ridge. Besides these troops from 161st Brigade, the garrison consisted of a raw battalion (the Shere Regiment) from the Royal Nepalese Army, some companies from the Burma Regiment, some of the Assam Regiment which had retired to Kohima and various detachments of convalescents and line-of-communication troops. The garrison numbered about 2,500, of which about 1,000 were non-combatants.

The siege began on April 6th. The garrison was continually shelled and mortared, in many instances by Japanese using weapons and ammunition captured at Sangshak and from other depots, and was slowly driven into a small perimeter on Garrison Hill. They had artillery support from the main body of 161st Brigade, who were themselves cut off 2 miles (3.2 km) away at Jotsoma, but, as at Sangshak, they were very short of drinking water. The water supply point was on GPT Ridge, which was captured by the Japanese on the first day of the siege. Some of its defenders were unable to retreat to other positions on the ridge and instead withdrew towards Dimapur. Some of the heaviest fighting took place at the north end of Kohima Ridge, around the Deputy Commissioner's bungalow and tennis court, in what became known as the Battle of the Tennis Court. The tennis court became a no man's land, with the Japanese and the defenders of Kohima dug in on opposite sides, so close to each other that grenades were thrown between the trenches. On the night of the 17/18th of April, the Japanese finally captured the DC's bungalow area. Other Japanese captured Kuki Picquet, cutting the garrison in two. The defenders' situation was desperate, but the Japanese did not follow up by attacking Garrison Hill as by now they were exhausted by hunger and by the fighting, and when daylight broke, troops of 161st Indian Brigade arrived to relieve the garrison. The British 2nd Division, commanded by Major General John M. L. Grover, had begun to arrive at Dimapur in early April. By April 11th, the Fourteenth Army had about the same number of troops in the area as the Japanese. The British 5th Brigade of the 2nd Division broke through Japanese roadblocks to relieve 161st Brigade in Jotsoma on April 15th. After a day's heavy fighting, the leading troops of the Brigade (1st Battalion, 1st Punjab Regiment) broke through and started to relieve the Kohima garrison. By this point, Kohima resembled a battlefield from the First World War, with smashed trees, ruined buildings and the ground covered in craters.

Under cover of darkness, the wounded (numbering 300) were brought out under fire. Although contact had been established, it took a further 24 hours to fully secure the road between Jotsoma and Kohima. During April 19th and into the early hours of April 20th, the British 6th Brigade replaced the original garrison. 6th Brigade observers were taken aback by the condition of the garrison; one battle hardened officer commentated: "They looked like aged, bloodstained scarecrows, dropping with fatigue; the only clean thing about them was their weapons, and they smelt of blood, sweat and death." Miyazaki continued to try to capture Garrison Hill, and there was heavy fighting for this position for several more nights, with high casualties on both sides. The Japanese positions on Kuki Picquet were only 50 yards (46 m) from Garrison Hill, and fighting was often hand-to-hand. On the other flank of Garrison Hill, on the night of April 26th, a British attack recaptured the clubhouse above the Deputy Commissioner's bungalow, which overlooked most of the Japanese centre. The Japanese reorganised their forces for defence. Their Left Force under Miyazaki held Kohima Ridge with four battalions. The divisional HQ under Sato himself and the Centre Force under Colonel Shiraishi held Naga Village with another four battalions. To support their attack against the Japanese position, the British had amassed thirty-eight 3.7 Inch Mountain Howitzers, forty-eight 25-pounder field guns and two 5.5-inch medium guns. The Japanese could oppose them with only seventeen light mountain guns, with very little ammunition. Nevertheless, the progress of the British counter-attack was slow. Tanks could not easily be used, and the Japanese occupied bunkers which were very deeply dug in, well-concealed and mutually supporting.

While the British 6th Brigade defended Garrison Hill, the other two brigades of 2nd Division tried to outflank both ends of the Japanese position, in Naga Village to the north and on GPT Ridge to the south. The monsoon had broken by this time and the steep slopes were covered in mud, making movement and supply very difficult. In places the British 4th Brigade had to cut steps up hillsides and build handrails in order to make progress. On May 4th, the British 5th Brigade secured a foothold in the outskirts of Naga Village but was counter-attacked and driven back. On the same day, the British 4th Brigade, having made a long flank march around Mount Pulebadze to approach Kohima Ridge from the south-west, attacked GPT Ridge in driving rain and captured part of the ridge by surprise but were unable to secure the entire ridge. Both outflanking moves having failed because of the terrain and the weather, the British 2nd Division concentrated on attacking the Japanese positions along Kohima Ridge from May 4th onwards. Fire from Japanese posts on the reverse slope of GPT Ridge repeatedly caught British troops attacking Jail Hill in the flank, inflicting heavy casualties and preventing them from capturing the hill for a week. However, the various positions were slowly taken. Jail Hill, together with Kuki Picquet, FSD and DIS, was finally captured by 33rd Indian Infantry Brigade on May 11th, after a barrage of smoke shells blinded the Japanese machine-gunners and allowed the troops to secure the hill and dig in. The last Japanese positions on the ridge to be captured were the tennis court and gardens above the Deputy Commissioner's bungalow. On May 13th, after several failed attempts to outflank or storm the position, the British finally bulldozed a track to the summit above the position, up which a tank could be dragged. A Lee tank crashed down onto the tennis court and destroyed the Japanese trenches and bunkers there. The terrain had been reduced to a fly and rat-infested wilderness, with half-buried human remains everywhere. The conditions under which the Japanese troops had lived and fought have been described by several sources, as "unspeakable".

The situation worsened for the Japanese as yet more Allied reinforcements arrived. Nevertheless, when the Allies launched another attack on May 16th, the Japanese continued to defend Naga Village and Aradura Spur tenaciously. An attack on Naga Hill on the night of May 24th gained no ground. Another attack, mounted against both ends of Aradura Spur on the night of May 28th, was even more decisively repulsed. The repeated setbacks, with exhaustion and the effects of the climate began to affect the morale of the British 2nd Division especially. The decisive factor was the Japanese lack of supplies. The Japanese 31st Division had begun the operation with only three weeks' supply of food. Once these supplies were exhausted, the Japanese had to exist on meagre captured stocks and what they could forage in increasingly hostile local villages. The Japanese had mounted two resupply missions, using captured jeeps to carry supplies forward from the Chindwin to 31st Division, but they brought mainly artillery and anti-tank ammunition, rather than food. By the middle of May, Sato's troops were starving. He considered that Mutaguchi and the HQ of Japanese Fifteenth Army were taking little notice of his situation, as they had issued several confusing and contradictory orders to him during April. On 25 May, Sato notified Fifteenth Army HQ that he would withdraw on June 1st, unless his division received supplies. Finally on the 31st of May, he abandoned Naga Village and other positions north of the road, in spite of orders from Mutaguchi to hang on to his position. Miyazaki's detachment continued to fight rearguard actions and demolish bridges along the road to Imphal, but was eventually driven off the road and forced to retreat eastwards. The remainder of the Japanese division retreated painfully south but found very little to eat, as most of what few supplies had been brought forward across the Chindwin had been consumed by other Japanese units, who were as desperately hungry as Sato's men. Many of the 31st Division were too enfeebled to drag themselves further south. During the Battle of Kohima, the British and Indian forces had lost 4,064 men, dead, missing and wounded. Against this the Japanese had lost 5,764 battle casualties in the Kohima area, and many of the 31st Division subsequently died of disease or starvation, or took their own lives. After ignoring army orders for several weeks, Sato was removed from command of Japanese 31st Division early in July. The entire Japanese offensive was broken off at the same time. After Sato was removed from command, he refused an invitation to commit seppuku and demanded a court martial to clear his name and make his complaints about Fifteenth Army HQ public. At Kawabe's prompting, Sato was declared to have suffered a mental breakdown and was unfit to stand trial. The huge losses the Japanese suffered in the Battles of Imphal and Kohima (mainly through starvation and disease) crippled their defence of Burma against Allied attacks during the following year.

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