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kotosnoozy · 3 years

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「witness me, old man」

chp 1 - recollections of dinners in eden

1st in a series of yuraven oneshots for my favourite aus, both canon to the tales series and of my own creation. ao3 link in the replies.

1. tales of asteria | recollections of eden 2. modern/coffee shop au 3. tales of the rays | 'it's new years! brave vesperia' event 4. schwann brigade yuri au 5. zestiria setting au 6. modern/band au. ao3 link in the replies.

Claw truly is a fantastic cook.

It’s rare, in honesty, that he gets a chance to taste his food. It’s an offer rarely made - only on those seldom occasions where he comes to seek Raven’s information-gathering expertise, and even then only when he deems his work to have gone above and beyond his expectations. He’s a harsh critic, for a man who clearly knows he wouldn’t personally be able to do the job, though the quality of his food is certainly worth the extra effort Raven has to put in to pass the grade.

He has to chase Norma away from the office on nights like these. At times, that feels harder than the information gathering he has to do to get to this point - she’s stubborn as a mule, and has a good nose for his lies. She doesn’t know about his… side-job, so to speak, and he has no intention of telling her any time soon if he can help it. She’d only nag for a free meal herself anyway, and there’s something special about these evenings he gets to spend with Claw, just the two of them. The addition of a spunky teenager would kill the vibe - even if the teenager in question is technically mature enough to be his business partner.

The only consistent method he’s found is to send her off to the next town over on some errand he swears that only she can handle, that he couldn’t possibly join her and get in the way of her work. Of course, it’s tricky to convince her that there’s anything she could do that he couldn’t - the bulk of their work is, after all, odd jobs and chores for the elderly, but if he bitches and whines enough (“Oh Norma , you know how my back gets, ancient as I am!”) then she’ll finally give in and head off with little fuss.

He gets to put the ol’ bad back excuse to good work when Claw arrives too - he couldn’t possibly help out in the kitchen, he’s so old and slow that he’ll only get in the way, or else mess up the recipe.

Claw, unsurprisingly, is far more skeptical of his tall tales than Norma. But for whatever reason, he’s never once complained at Raven sitting on his lazy ass and watching instead of helping. If anything, he almost seems a little happy about it.

After he does his little dance around the kitchen - finely dicing onions with nary a tear, pulverising potatoes efficiently, mixing it all together with a meat Raven’s tastebuds can never quite place, and frying the little balls of the concoction after coating them in breadcrumbs - there’s a plate of perfectly crisp croquettes placed in the middle of the table. It feels almost criminal to allow them to sit in the same spot that they usually just throw cheap takeout and sloppily-made sandwiches, mouth-wateringly good as they look.

“I really don’t know how ya do it, Cap’n.” he says, polishing off his first and skewering a second with his fork. “Makin’ something as tasty as this with just a couple of ingredients… Y’ ever think ya might be in the wrong line of work?”

Claw snorts in amusement, simply resting his head in his hand with a roll of his eyes.

It’s always like this. He’ll cook enough for both of them (or maybe three, or even four people - Raven can’t deny that he’s a real glutton when it comes to Claw’s cooking), but never eats himself. He simply watches Raven from over his collar, expression indecipherable from just his eyes alone. If it wasn’t something of a routine by now, then he’s sure he’d find the constant dark-eyed gaze unnerving, to say the least.

Instead he just feels guilty - it feels unfair to be the only one eating.

“...why is it that ya never eat yerself while yer here?” he asks tentatively. He really can’t imagine such a high ranking member of Her Highness’s guard suffering from eating-related stage fright, but it certainly wouldn’t be the strangest thing he’s ever heard of.

Claw quirks an eyebrow.

“You know as well as I do that Her Excellency forbids my face to be seen.”

Ah.

How did he let that slip his mind?

“That must be a hell of a pain when you’re on the road with your platoon, huh.” he quips instead to cover his lapse in memory.

There’s a slight change to Claw’s breathing that he doubts he’d notice if he wasn’t so good at his job - the tiniest of sighs. He remains otherwise silent.

G r o o o o w l

...Although the same cannot be said for his stomach, it seems, as it heartily voices its protests. Raven simply cannot stop the wide grin that rises to his face.

Claw’s eyes narrow, no doubt already anticipating what will come next.

“C’mon, Cap’n, you should try some yerself!”

He scoffs.

“It’s fine. I’ll just eat whatever’s leftover when I get back to the barracks later.”

“You know as well as I do that’s a hell of a waste - why let it go cold when you could just eat it right here and now?”

Claw’s gaze narrows further.

“Raven…” he drawls, warningly.

“C’monnnn, it’ll be our little secret! I promise, I won’t tell a soul!” he says, leaning over the table to wave a skewered croquette in his face. Claw’s eyes tick back and forth like a metronome as he watches the morsel, and he thinks he’s almost got him- and then he furrows his brows, eyes clenched shut like a baby rejecting a snack it doesn’t like the look of.

Raven sighs.

“Spoilsport. No one would’ve ever needed to know,” he whines. “‘m just thinkin’ about yer health, Cap’n. Nothin’ more, I swear.”

It happens as he goes to sit up straight - quick as lightning.

He snatches the hand Raven’s waving in front of his face, like a cat pouncing its prey, and hooks a finger over his high, wide collar. Scoops the bite Raven had thought was now destined for him into his own mouth. Replaces the collar as quickly as it left.

It’s maybe 3 seconds at the most. An absolutely miniscule amount of time. But more than enough for a man in Raven’s line of work to get a good look at his permanently-obscured face.

To take in his delicate features - nose long and beak-like, but cheeks far more rounded than he’d expected, pink lips thin yet surprisingly plump, a proud chin despite his round jaw - to be absolutely enraptured by how beautiful he is.

‘Do they hafta keep their faces covered,’ he wonders idly, ‘because they’re all this distractingly beautiful? Or is Claw just a special case?’

He can’t break his eyes away, even after Claw finishes his mouthful, looks up at him expectantly, once more quirks an eyebrow in confusion. His heart is pounding , stirring in a way that feels almost like nostalgia for some reason. He’s hot and cold all at once, cheeks burning but blood like ice, and he longs to reach out and touch him, pull the collar down for a better look, truly commit his face to memory. But then there’s a pain in his heart like a knife, pure grief , and it twists, makes him feel sick to the stomach, and his brain is fuzzy, he doesn’t understand-

“What’re you staring at, old man?”

It feels like being clocked around the head. He scrambles up straight, trying to put as much space between them as he can even as he yearns to be closer.

“Nothing! Nothing at all!”

Claw’s eyebrow climbs ever higher. Raven scrambles for something to say - whatever that was is definitely something to unpack later , if ever at all.

“Anyway, my darlin’ Claw,”

(‘Wait, darlin’??? Where the hell did that come from???’)

“How does it feel to get a taste of yer own food pipin’ hot for once?”

He swears he can see a gentle flush of red to his cheekbones where they peek above the collar.

“...I guess it’s better than when it’s cold.” he mumbles, gaze never meeting Raven’s.

He smiles, satisfied, and does his best to squash down the rest of that strange sensation as he tucks back into his meal.

Later, when Claw is gone and he’s alone with his thoughts, he’ll make a decision. That next time Claw cooks for him, he’ll persuade him to remove the collar again. And maybe he’ll figure out exactly what the lurching of his heart means. Who knows? He might even cook for Claw for a change.

(Something tells him he’s got a sweet tooth. Maybe he likes crepes?)

Little does he know that though certainly, he will receive the offer of Claw’s cooking in exchange for hard work at least once more, never again will he have the opportunity to actually sample it.

((it’s that night that the dreams start))

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roseamongroses · 4 years

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W.A.L: “Fly Me to the Moon” Part One (22)

s u m m a r y:

Eden was the lowest of the low, a monster, hardly human, and was set to be executed. Roman was on trial, perpetually stuck in time until it was time to atone for his families sins.

Neither cared much for staying trapped.

So when a Stranger offered freedom, offered peace, offered power, it was hard to say no.

Even if it put them on the wrong side of history.

v i b e s :

time is irrelevent, homophobia who?, magic and beasts, demigods

w a r n i n g s

Imprisonment, Mentions of execution, Blood/ injuries, Mentions of past Death, minor character death/suicide, repression, cursing,

c h a r a c t e r s

Deceit(Eden) Sanders, Remy Sanders, Logan Sanders, Virgil Sanders, Patton Sanders, Roman Sanders, Emile Picani

Ship: Roceit

1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

(6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11)

(12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)

---

“Are the rest of the brats getting ready?” Roman asked, picking up a comb and a jar of moisturizer.

“Uh-- I think so?” Lauren winced sitting back, “I wouldn’t know, Kai’s being… weird,” Roman ran their hand experimentally through the now kinkier coils in her hair, the light tugging of her scalp painfully nostalgic.

She’d always prefered her hair straight, but she never went so long without taking a break. It was mainly luck that she hadn’t had any major heat damage, but even that fear didn’t make the idea any more appealing.

You could say she was avoiding it in a way.

Her mom had always insisted on braiding Lauren’s hair herself, so the act was tangled with her in every way. Doing it by herself now only made her mom’s absence louder, but having Roman here made it better.

“Weird how?” Roman asked, detangling her hair, “Is he getting pissy about getting his ass kicked?”

“No…” She said, bracing herself, “That’s why it's weird. He’s not complaining, he’s avoiding me,” She sighed, feeling strangely annoyed. It wasn’t like she liked the constant arguing, but this was just odd…. Did she do something wrong?

Why does she even care?

Roman’s hands stopped mid braid, “Oh,” he hummed before resuming, “Maybe he’s just in a mood,” he said, a laugh peeking through his tone.

“What?” Lauren demanded.

“Nothing, nothing,” Roman snickered, “I’m just thinking about how pretty you’re going to be in that dress,” he cooed, pinching her cheek and effectively smearing whatever moisturizer he was using all over her cheek.

“Gross,” Lauren scowled to keep the smile from her face, “Anyway you’re too calm about this,” she said, her worry bubbling at the thought of just… walking into Council territory, “Do you really believe Drak’on’s going to play fair?”

It could go a lot of ways.

Logan was fair to a fault, so she wasn’t worried about dirty tricks from him. But he was predictable in a dangerous way. He had a never ending consistency that tended to wear people down. Roman wasn’t as unpredictable as Remus, but he had a similar quality. He couldn’t afford to trust that his body and magic would perform the same way every time, so he had to be creative, and more than often had to run himself ragged.

“Are you worried?” Roman asked, but it was more like an observation.

“You should be,” Lauren grumbled.

“I’m not,” Roman said.

She was oddly comforted by the finality of the promise.

---

Upon opening the letter, they were taken in a flash of light.

They first saw a glittering series of arcs that were almost translucent. It was as if the towering structure was merely ideas carved into the stars, but it solid beneath their feet. Deceit wasn’t sure how he was breathing with the world so far beneath him, with the stars so close.

The Offerings were a series of events, of elaborate ceremonies, of balls. A celebration at it's finest, but preformative grief at its core. Councilmen decked out in elaborate gowns and ancient suits milled inside the glittering gates, magic flowing from people’s tongues as easy as they laughed.

The brats were pretty much gawking, but thankfully they didn’t wander off.

Roman’s face betrayed nothing but unapologetic decadence. Their hair braided high before exploding into a fire of curls and flowers. All signs of exhaustion were wiped clean behind rosy lips and impossibly dark lashes that were stark against his eyes. Roman was in his element to anyone with eyes, but his death grip on Deceit’s arm told another story.

Which to be fair, was expected. They were deep in Councilmen territory, with their invitation only being allowed due to the technicalities of their situation--i.e all the alleged crimes not being directly linked to anyone, but The Stranger-- and Drak’on’s disturbing amount of influence.

Still Deceit knew that wasn’t it, “Roman?” He said, the question hanging in the air between them as they handed off their bags.

“The curse,” Roman sighed, “Even if I have temporary immunity, I keep expecting to...It’s more mental than anything,” he explained, low, “It shouldn’t be a problem, but...forgive me if I’m a bit more clingy,”

“That’s it?” He said scrutinizing them. They'd gotten better at actually vocalizing their limits lately, but Deceit knew he’d be more willing to cover it up in order to not cause a scene.

“E… Darling... tonight will be fine,” Roman promised. He tilted his head, horns catching the light and his eyes having a hungry glint, “You trust me?”

Deceit was breathless, “Something like that.”

---

Virgil stirred the brothy, something, in front of him, mildly impressed by how shiny the utensils were, but mostly getting sick by how rich everything tasted. It wasn’t like he wasn’t used to eating “good” food, in fact from what he could remember he was most likely used to it, but there was a different level of luxury here. It was almost irritating.

Actually a lot of things were irritating, the key one being that his supposed date fucked off to schmooze with rich bastards, but the most alarming part of that was that Virgil wasn’t sure he wanted to talk to Logan at all right now.

It was all duel this and duel that lately. About how this is what he always deserved, how he’ll somehow become better--how everything will become better once he finally puts this to rest and claim his rightful place. Virgil’s beginning to suspect that Logan didn’t even realize how obsessed he was getting with it.

In fact, Virgil suspected that Logan’s always been obsessed with this, but Dr. Picani never let him fixate on that need entirely. Even if Dr. Picani was low-key just as dysfunctional as his Apprentices, the man was disgustingly determined to create a somewhat functional life for them.

But Dr. Picani was gone, even if they found him-- his consciousness had yet to return. All they had now was Ms. Annalise Drak’on, someone who apparently had no issue with feeding Logan’s obsession.

Virgil felt sick.

He stood, not caring about how loudly he dropped the utensils or about the dirty looks sent his way as he pushed his way through the crowd. The band was some pseudo-jazz, a thundering accompaniment to his rising anxiety and the dazzling lights were getting too much and--

His spiraling halted upon catching the faintest blue flash in the corner of his eye. Turning around he met Patton’s eyes. Virgil flinched and for the briefest moment Patton’s brow furrowed, before smoothing into his normal dazed expression, “You’re alone?”

Virgil wanted to scowl, but he couldn’t. He was alone and he wasn't sure how long its been draining away at him.

Patton nodded at his non-response, “You need air,” he said, before turning on his heel and disappearing into the crowd. It took a few seconds before Virgil realized he was meant to follow.

Virgil somehow found himself out of the crowd, feeling the cool air first, and the relief of being away from all of those people all at once. Patton was already there leaning against the balcony, the translucent beads of their gown soft against the blue of the distant earth.

Patton turned his head to acknowledge him, “Is this better?”

“I think so,” Virgil sighed, slumping against the balcony, “Uh… thanks, I guess,” Patton laughed, an off colored chirp that normally unnerved Virgil, but now only made him blush, “What?”

“I don’t scare you anymore, do I?” Patton said, covering his mouth.

“I was never--” Virgil winced at the lie, “Was I that obvious?”

“Yes, but…” Patton started, trailing off, “I didn’t mind completely,”

Virgil frowned, “You didn’t mind me being an asshole?”

“I minded,” Patton said, “But at least you didn’t hide it,” he shrugged as if that explained it all, “I knew Logan and Emile cared about me, but… it was like they were afraid to admit that they didn’t always feel safe,”

“...Should we feel safe?’ Virgil said, twisting and untwisting the loose hair.

Patton didn’t respond immediately, tracing the rail, “I wish you could, but I…” he sighed, “Watchdogs aren’t meant to be outside the colonies for long without a bond...we aren’t built for that. When I’m home I can feel-- I’m in control,” he said, “But here, it feels like all I can do is take orders and hope, there’s nothing else there,” His face twisted unnaturally, but his eyes remained blank.

“Why…” Virgil tore his gaze away, “After Remus….Why didn’t you go to Roman?” he asked. It seemed simple, just go to another Sanders, a legal, full magic Sanders--

“I wasn’t in love with Roman,” Patton said, with no theatrics, but the simplicity throbbed with something intense, “Why didn’t you die in the river?”

“I-” Rushing water, blood everywhere,it was only supposed to be a game, it was a game it was a game, it was a game, “I didn’t want to die.”

“You’re lying,” Patton said, matter of fact.

Virgil blew out his cheeks, “I got lucky,” he admitted. Lucky that he wasn’t deemed enough of a threat by the other two. Lucky that the vial seared in his hand instead of in his eyes or down his throat. Lucky that at the end of the day, he thought it was a just game. Something stupid to do before church.

If only he knew that it was The Stranger’s Game he was playing.

“Well...I’m glad you were lucky,” Patton said quietly, “I wouldn’t have met you and I certainly wouldn’t have stayed for as long as I did without you two…”

Virgil’s throat tightened, “I…” he wiped his eyes, “Why do I feel like that’s a goodbye?” he choked out a bitter laugh.

“It doesn’t have to be,” Patton smiled, “You could always visit the colonies,” he said wistfully, and Virgil swore he glowed a little bit brighter, “I might be a bit...different there, but it's a good different,”

“...Can you tell me more about it?” Virgil asked.

Patton did.

He told Virgil about the fountains-- how water dripped like fire, but was icy to the touch. He talked about how young watchdogs burned holes in their cribs and terrorized their families. About the family dinners, with plates overflowing with food--how each story and laugh was never the same.

He told Virgil about how the community grew closer and took care of each other in spite of the stricter regulations. About how they’re even planning to build their own schools instead of relying on council tutors. He told Virgil about his mom and dad, about how they missed him, but understood he wanted to see his friends. He told Virgil about everything he missed and hated and seemed to glow a little bit brighter with each second.

Virgil doesn’t know why, but it felt nice. It sounded nice--talking to Patton was nice in a way that Virgil didn’t even know he missed. It's been awhile since he just...had fun.

The music changed, to something delicate--a soft piano, followed by a low, breathy voice. Patton’s voice trailed off and he closed his eyes swaying to the lullaby.

Virgil asked him for a dance.

#ts sides #roceit #ts deceit #ts janus #ts roman #sanders sides #sanders sides fanfiction #fanfiction #writing #Winners Among the Losing

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operationrainfall · 6 years

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Title Psychedelica of the Ashen Hawk Developer Otomate (Idea Factory) Publisher Aksys Games Release Date June 29th, 2018 Genre Visual Novel, Otome Platform PlayStation Vita Age Rating T for Teen Official Website

As someone who’s been looking to expand his PS Vita collection for some time now, Psychedelica of the Ashen Hawk has been on my radar since it released this past June. The artwork really struck a chord with me and the initial impressions that I saw were very positive. However, given that it’s an otome visual novel, I initially passed on picking it up and playing it. Having played it now though, I can honestly say that was a big mistake.

Visual novels generally aren’t my cup-of-tea and otome most certainly aren’t aimed at someone of my demographic. My original assumptions were that this would end up being some sappy romance story with tons of fan service (something that I have a major distaste for). This made my shock all the greater when I discovered how tremendously wrong those assumptions were. The story, setting, and overall tone of the game are much darker than I expected. Nothing about the story feels “sappy” and the romance elements are given a bit of a backseat to a more complex, engaging storyline.

The story begins in a remote, Victorian-era village plagued by perpetual snowfall. Local legend speaks of a malevolent witch who is the source of the town’s suffering and the never-ending snowfall. Because of this legend, the villagers are quick to turn violent around anyone deemed to be involved with “the witch”. To further complicate things, the town is comprised of two factions- the wolf clan and the hawk clan. These two groups are in a constant state of civil unrest. It’s in this town that our protagonist, Jed, was born and raised. Having been born with a red eye (the sign of the witch), Jed must disguise herself as a man and keep her true gender a secret from those around her. She also chooses to reside in a secluded tower in the woods outside of town. She shares this tower with a strange man named Ashen Hawk. Ashen Hawk is a lazy amnesiac who allows Jed to stay with him in exchange for looking after the tower and taking care of him.

The information that I’ve conveyed above is all laid out at the onset of the game. As the story progresses, romantic relationships are introduced, Jed sets out to locate a mysterious artifact, and we learn more about both Jed and Ashen Hawk’s pasts. There is also a sub-plot that revolves around a mysterious string of murders. The story overall is a nice mix of heartfelt moments and some downright brutal ones. These brutal scenes serve to darken what would initially seem to be a pretty light-hearted atmosphere. The game has 12 distinct endings, some spanning multiple flows of events. I enjoyed each and every one of these endings (even though some were much sadder than the others). One of the things that I most appreciated from the story was the allusion to events and elements from the game Psychedelica of the Black Butterfly. This is Psychedelica of the Ashen Hawk’s sister-game which released just a few months prior. I really enjoy seeing connected universes between different games and this is no exception. After finishing this game, I am equally excited about turning my attention towards the other one.

In terms of how the story is presented, there are three types of events: main episodes, short episodes, and talk episodes. All three of these are available to initiate from map screens which change as the story progresses. The main story episodes directly advance the main story and must be completed to progress. Short episodes are more focused on character development and relationship building. Viewing these is often necessary for unlocking main story episodes. Lastly, talk episodes are essentially short, 10-second long snippets of information about the townspeople. Viewing these earns the player points which can be used to unlock additional content and short episodes. This is one of my main gripes about the game. Throughout my time playing, I found over 80% of these talk episodes to be pointless, adding little to the overall story. They consist of a quick question and answer and neither tended to be very interesting or have much of a point. This isn’t a huge complaint mind you, but the talk episodes just felt out of place among the rest of the story content.

Other minor issues that I noticed include some very minor translation errors at points and some annoying save habits. There are autosaves in place for your progress and manual saves for your current “bookmarks”. Basically, the autosave keeps track of what you’ve seen while the manual save keeps track of where to return to when you resume the game. If you finish a series of main episodes and end up at a map screen, you are unable to save at this map screen. You need to instead choose one of the short episodes or main episodes on that screen and then save once you start viewing them. If you don’t do this, then regardless of any progress you make, you will be forced to view the episode associated with your last manual save. You won’t lose any completion progress, but you will be forced to watch or skip through some of the content again. This was a tad bit annoying until I realized what the issue was.

When all was said and done, my total playtime came in at just over 15 hours. I thoroughly enjoyed all 15 of them. The artwork was excellent, the voice acting was stellar, and the music (while a bit generic at times) fit the atmosphere very well. Combining those elements with an interesting and engaging story, I feel that this visual novel is definitely worth playing (even if you’re like me and generally aren’t interested in playing visual novels). You can grab your own copy either physically or digitally on the PSN store for $39.99 USD. To give you an idea of how much I appreciated this game, I felt compelled after playing it to purchase a physical copy. I also went ahead and snagged a physical copy of Psychedelica of the Black Butterfly. For those who don’t own a PS Vita or a PS TV, there is a PC port of Black Butterfly releasing in November and I would not be surprised if Ashen Hawk saw a port shortly thereafter. I would highly suggest that you check this one out.

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[easyreview cat1title=”Overall” cat1detail=”” cat1rating=”4″]

Review copy provided by the publisher.

REVIEW: Psychedelica of the Ashen Hawk Title Psychedelica of the Ashen Hawk

#Aksys Games #Idea Factory #Otomate #Otome #psychedelica of the ashen hawk #Review #visual novel #Vita

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pamphletstoinspire · 6 years

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THE BOOK OF ECCLESIASTES- From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate

Chapter 8

INTRODUCTION

This Book is called Ecclesiastes, or the preacher, (in Hebrew, Coheleth) because in it Solomon, as an excellent preacher, setteth forth the vanity of the things of this world, to withdraw the hearts and affections of men from such empty toys. Ch. --- Coheleth is a feminine noun, to indicate the elegance of the discourse. It is very difficult to discriminate the objections of free-thinkers from the real sentiments of the author. It is most generally supposed that Solomon wrote this after his repentance; but this is very uncertain. S. Jerom (in C. xii. 12.) informs us that the collectors of the sacred books had some scruple about admitting this; and Luther speaks of it with great disrespect: (Coll. conviv.) but the Church has always maintained its authority. See Conc. v. Act. 4. Philast. 132. C. --- It refutes the false notions of worldlings, concerning felicity; and shews that it consists in the service of God and fruition. W.

The additional Notes in this Edition of the New Testament will be marked with the letter A. Such as are taken from various Interpreters and Commentators, will be marked as in the Old Testament. B. Bristow, C. Calmet, Ch. Challoner, D. Du Hamel, E. Estius, J. Jansenius, M. Menochius, Po. Polus, P. Pastorini, T. Tirinus, V. Bible de Vence, W. Worthington, Wi. Witham. — The names of other authors, who may be occasionally consulted, will be given at full length.

Verses are in English and Latin. HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

This Catholic commentary on the Old Testament, following the Douay-Rheims Bible text, was originally compiled by Catholic priest and biblical scholar Rev. George Leo Haydock (1774-1849). This transcription is based on Haydock's notes as they appear in the 1859 edition of Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary printed by Edward Dunigan and Brother, New York, New York.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Greek letters. The original text sometimes includes Greek expressions spelled out in Greek letters. In this transcription, those expressions have been transliterated from Greek letters to English letters, put in italics, and underlined. The following substitution scheme has been used: A for Alpha; B for Beta; G for Gamma; D for Delta; E for Epsilon; Z for Zeta; E for Eta; Th for Theta; I for Iota; K for Kappa; L for Lamda; M for Mu; N for Nu; X for Xi; O for Omicron; P for Pi; R for Rho; S for Sigma; T for Tau; U for Upsilon; Ph for Phi; Ch for Chi; Ps for Psi; O for Omega. For example, where the name, Jesus, is spelled out in the original text in Greek letters, Iota-eta-sigma-omicron-upsilon-sigma, it is transliterated in this transcription as, Iesous. Greek diacritical marks have not been represented in this transcription.

Footnotes. The original text indicates footnotes with special characters, including the astrisk (*) and printers' marks, such as the dagger mark, the double dagger mark, the section mark, the parallels mark, and the paragraph mark. In this transcription all these special characters have been replaced by numbers in square brackets, such as [1], [2], [3], etc.

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.

Ligatures, single characters containing two letters united, in the original text in some Latin expressions have been represented in this transcription as separate letters. The ligature formed by uniting A and E is represented as Ae, that of a and e as ae, that of O and E as Oe, and that of o and e as oe.

Monetary sums in the original text represented with a preceding British pound sterling symbol (a stylized L, transected by a short horizontal line) are represented in this transcription with a following pound symbol, l.

The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 8

True wisdom is to observe God's commandments. The ways of God are unsearchable.

[1] The wisdom of a man shineth in his countenance, and the most mighty will change his face.

Sapientia hominis lucet in vultu ejus, et potentissimus faciem illius commutabit.

[2] I observe the mouth of the king, and the commandments of the oath of God.

Ego os regis observo, et praecepta juramenti Dei.

[3] Be not hasty to depart from his face, and do not continue in an evil work: for he will do all that pleaseth him:

Ne festines recedere a facie ejus, neque permaneas in opere malo : quia omne quod voluerit faciet.

[4] And his word is full of power: neither can any man say to him: Why dost thou so?

Et sermo illius potestate plenus est, nec dicere ei quisquam potest : Quare ita facis?

[5] He that keepeth the commandments shall find no evil. The heart of a wise man understandeth time and answer.

Qui custodit praeceptum non experietur quidquam mali. Tempus et responsionem cor sapientis intelligit.

[6] There is a time and opportunity for every business, and great affliction for man:

Omni negotio tempus est, et opportunitas : et multa hominis afflictio,

[7] Because he is ignorant of things past, and things to come he cannot know by any messenger.

quia ignorat praeterita, et futura nullo scire potest nuntio.

[8] It is not in man's power to stop the spirit, neither hath he power in the day of death, neither is he suffered to rest when war is at hand, neither shall wickedness save the wicked.

Non est in hominis potestate prohibere spiritum, nec habet potestatem in die mortis : nec sinitur quiescere ingruente bello, neque salvabit impietas impium.

[9] All these things I have considered, and applied my heart to all the works that are done under the sun. Sometimes one man ruleth over another to his own hurt.

Omnia haec consideravi, et dedi cor meum in cunctis operibus quae fiunt sub sole. Interdum dominatur homo homini in malum suum.

[10] I saw the wicked buried: who also when they were yet living were in the holy place, and were praised in the city as men of just works: but this also is vanity.

Vidi impios sepultos, qui etiam cum adhuc viverent in loco sancto erant, et laudabantur in civitate quasi justorum operum. Sed et hoc vanitas est.

[11] For because sentence is not speedily pronounced against the evil, the children of men commit evils without any fear.

Etenim quia non profertur cito contra malos sententia, absque timore ullo filii hominum perpetrant mala.

[12] But though a sinner do evil a hundred times, and by patience be borne withal, I know from thence that it shall be well with them that fear God, who dread his face.

Attamen peccator ex eo quod centies facit malum, et per patientiam sustentatur; ego cognovi quod erit bonum timentibus Deum, qui verentur faciem ejus.

[13] But let it not be well with the wicked, neither let his days be prolonged, but as a shadow let them pass away that fear not the face of the Lord.

Non sit bonum impio, nec prolongentur dies ejus, sed quasi umbra transeant qui non timent faciem Domini.

[14] There is also another vanity, which is done upon the earth. There are just men to whom evils happen, as though they had done the works of the wicked: and there are wicked men, who are as secure, as though they had the deeds of the just: but this also I judge most vain.

Est et alia vanitas quae fit super terram : sunt justi quibus mala proveniunt quasi opera egerint impiorum : et sunt impii qui ita securi sunt quasi justorum facta habeant. Sed et hoc vanissimum judico.

[15] Therefore I commended mirth, because there was no good for a man under the sun, but to eat, and drink, and be merry, and that he should take nothing else with him of his labour in the days of his life, which God hath given him under the sun.

Laudavi igitur laetitiam; quod non esset homini bonum sub sole, nisi quod comederet, et biberet, atque gauderet, et hoc solum secum auferret de labore suo, in diebus vitae suae quos dedit ei Deus sub sole.

[16] And I applied my heart to know wisdom, and to understand the distraction that is upon earth: for there are some that day and night take no sleep with their eyes.

Et apposui cor meum ut scirem sapientiam, et intelligerem distentionem quae versatur in terra. Est homo qui diebus et noctibus somnum non capit oculis.

[17] And I understood that man can find no reason of all those works of God that are done under the sun: and the more he shall labour to seek, so much the less shall he find: yea, though the wise man shall say, that he knoweth it, he shall not be able to find it.

Et intellexi quod omnium operum Dei nullam possit homo invenire rationem eorum quae fiunt sub sole; et quanto plus laboraverit ad quaerendum, tanto minus inveniat : etiam si dixerit sapiens se nosse, non poterit reperire.

Commentary:

Ver. 1. Most. Sept. "he whose face is impudent, shall be hated." The truly wise and virtuous man is always polite and affable. C. --- As we may form a probable conjecture of a person's disposition from his countenance, so we may judge of man's virtue by their actions. They are right and meritorious when the intention is good, (W.) and the works themselves blameless.

Ver. 2. I. Prot. add, "counsel thee, to keep, &c. "Obey the king and God." H. 1 Pet. ii. 17. --- Solomon proposes his own example, or speaks in the name of the just. --- God. The law of Moses, confirmed with an oath, or the engagement to be faithful to the king. 2 K. v. 3. 1 Par. xxix. 24.

Ver. 3. Face. This courtiers observe, while many Christians neglect God. --- Work. Defend not what has been said or done amiss.

Ver. 4. So? The eastern kings rule with absolute sway. Prov. xvi. 14.

Ver. 5. Answer. Heb. "judgment." He knows when to reprove even kings with effect; like Nathan, Elias, or S. Ambrose. 2 K. xii. 1. and 3 K. xviii. 17.

Ver. 6. Man. Solomon often reminds him of his misery. Sept. and Theod. "man is possessed of much knowledge," as they read dahth for rahth. C.

Ver. 7. Past. Prot. and Sept. "that shall be." H.

Ver. 8. Spirit from leaving the body, or the wind from blowing. There is no quarter given by death; so the wicked cannot escape vengeance.

Ver. 9. Hurt. Those who are despised in elevated situations, might have been happy in obscurity.

Ver. 10. Works. In life and death hypocrites are mixed with the unjust; and this excites indignation.

Ver. 11. Fear. Thus they abuse the patience of God, and grow worse, because he is good. His time will come. Apoc. xvi. 15 Eccli. v. 4. 2 Pet. iii. 10.

Ver. 12. Face. If God shew such clemency to the wicked, will he disregard his servants? Greek interpreters have read in a different meaning. C. --- Sept. "the sinner has done evil from that time, and for a long while," (T.) &c. See S. Jer. H.

Ver. 13. Let. Or, Heb. "it shall not," &c. Prot. H. --- Faith evinces that the wicked will be punished. --- But. Heb. "like a shadow." Sept. "under the shade," in prosperity.

Ver. 14. Vain, or afflicting. Hence some have denied Providence. Jer. xii. 1. C.

Ver. 15. No good for a man, &c. Some commentators think the wise man here speaks in the person of the libertine, representing the objections of these men against divine Providence, and the inferences they draw from thence, which he takes care afterwards to refute. But it may also be said, that his meaning is to commend the moderate use of the goods of this world, preferably to the cares and solicitudes of worldlings, their attachment to vanity and curiosity, and presumptuously diving into the unsearchable ways of divine providence. Ch. C. ii. 24. and iii. 12. Eccli. xv. C. --- Felicity is not attached to temporal prosperity, nor are the afflicted always miserable. W.

Ver. 16. Distraction of politicians, (Grot.) and of all human affairs.

Ver. 17. Reason. We know in general that God does all for his own glory, and for the welfare of his elect. But we cannot account for his treatment of mankind in particular cases. Rom. xi. 33. S. Jer. C. - Say. Sept. "speak what thing soever, that he may know he," &c. H.

#the book of ecclesiastes

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news-sein · 4 years

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news-lisaar · 4 years

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thebestintoronto · 4 years

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Top 11 Cheap or Free Things to Do in Toronto

Like any large North American city, Toronto can consume a great deal of your traveling budget plan with continuous temptations in the form of shopping, fine foods, and also other high-end indulgences. However, occasionally free or low-cost activities use visitors an experience that is a lot more genuine than typical traveler activities and also can include a good balance to a traveling itinerary.

01 of 11 Go To the Distillery Area

ADDRESS 55 Mill St, Toronto, ON M5A 3C4, Canada PHONE +1 416-364-1177 WEB Check out website

The Distillery Historic Area is a fantastic location to invest a couple of hours if you're in downtown Toronto as well as wish to get away from the typical downtown tourist attractions. This pedestrian-only town is set among historic structures that consists of one of the most considerable and also best-preserved collection of Victorian commercial design. You won't find a franchise or chain operation right here, so all the stores and also galleries are just one of a kind.

Among one of the most popular methods to tour this distinct Toronto community is by Segway, a two-wheeled, self-balancing transport technique.

02 of 11 Graze at St. Lawrence Market

ADDRESS 93 Front St E, Toronto, ON M5E 1C3, Canada PHONE +1 416-392-7219 INTERNET See web site

St. Lawrence Market includes three historic buildings in downtown Toronto that residence an antique market, a food market, as well as public space for more than 120 suppliers. Even the Pope has actually shopped there! Pick up an inexpensive lunch and also take pleasure in on the outside patio.

On Sunday, the antique market draws enthusiasts and also internet browsers from far and wide. And also do not miss the gallery upstairs, which offers complimentary exhibits highlighting Toronto history and also society.

03 of 11 Take in Some Society at Harbourfront Centre

ADDRESS 235 Queens Quay W, Toronto, ON M5J 2G8, Canada PHONE +1 416-973-4000 INTERNET Go to website

The Toronto Harbourfront Centre is a non-profit, social company that uses a range of cultural activities to the general public at no cost. Located along the shores of Lake Ontario in midtown Toronto, visitors can stroll the boardwalk on Harbourfront's 10-acre website, unwind in among the parks or skate in the wintertime. Inside, absorb a lecture, art exhibition or show, store, or dine.

04 of 11 Home Window Store in Yorkville

This opulent pocket of downtown Toronto features enchanting Victorian design that houses lots of dining establishments, stores as well as art galleries. Yorkville eating and also buying is upscale, as well as the galleries stand for several of the finest Canadian as well as global artists.

Yorkville features the unique "Mink Mile" purchasing district, that includes such high-end sellers as Burberry, Prada, Gucci, and also Canadian outlet store, Holt Renfrew.

Many celebrities have actually been seen strolling the walkways of Yorkville, especially during the Toronto International Film Event (September).

05 of 11 Take in a Program at Yonge-Dundas Square

ADDRESS 1 Dundas St E, Toronto, ON M5B 2R8, Canada PHONE +1 416-979-9960 WEB See internet site

Yonge-Dundas Square is public area in downtown Toronto-- much akin to Times Square in New York City City-- where you'll typically discover totally free occasions, such as flicks, concerts, and also promos.

06 of 11 Enjoy Some Green Area at Riverdale Farm

ADDRESS 201 Winchester St, Toronto, ON M4X 1B8, Canada PHONE +1 416-392-6794 INTERNET Go to internet site

Riverdale Farm is more than 7 acres of eco-friendly space in downtown Toronto, full with cows, lamb, goats, pigs, hens, as well as various other docile farm animals. Site visitors can twist the premises and also enjoy team do their tasks absolutely free.

The farm is particularly lovely in that it recreates early 20th century Ontario ranch life-- no soda machines or tacky present store. A few homemade goodies are readily available for purchase, yet all in maintaining with the Riverdale theme.

Car parking is available only on the bordering domestic streets, which make up a remarkable building mix of Victorian and also modern-day houses. There are additionally great deals of excellent smaller sized dining establishments as well as restaurants within a kilometer of the ranch on Carlton, Broadview and Parliament streets.

07 of 11 Participate In the Canadian Opera Firm's Free Show Series

ADDRESS 145 Queen St W, Toronto, ON M5H 4G1, Canada PHONE +1 416-363-6671 INTERNET Browse through website

Load a brownish bag lunch and participate in among the Canadian Opera Business's free lunch hour efficiencies (from late September to May). Enjoy dance or a selection of music style concerts in the sunbathed amphitheater of the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts.

The amphitheater supplies an unique experience where audience participants have a complete sight onto busy College Opportunity through the transparent, all-glass exterior that dissolves the typical feeling of seclusion from the outside world in an auditorium.

Opera performances in the evening are in the R. Fraser Elliott Hall, a standard European horseshoe-shaped amphitheater created to be a totally separate as well as separated framework within the building, resting on virtually 500 rubber acoustic seclusion pads.

Before or after the performance, check out the surrounding locations of Eaton Centre, Chinatown, and Queen's Park.

08 of 11 Take a Streetcar to the Beaches

The Beaches is an east-end Toronto community that boasts a lengthy stretch of beachfront. Boil down for the day to hang out at the beach, walk the boardwalk or go to the stores and also dining establishments on Queen Road East.

To get to The Beaches by mass transit, take among the city's trams, such as the 501, which heads straight down Queen Road, offering you an inexpensive trip of among Toronto's most renowned roads. Toronto's tram courses run in the traditional design on road tracks shown to car website traffic; they are not heritage trams compete tourist or timeless objectives.

09 of 11 See Toronto Museums

ADDRESS 317 Dundas St W, Toronto, ON M5T 1G4, Canada PHONE +1 416-979-6648 WEB Visit internet site

Entrance to the Permanent Collection of the Art Gallery of Ontario is free from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. every Wednesday.

At the Bata Shoe Museum, "pay-what-you-can" admission is held every Thursday evening between 5 to 8 p.m. The recommended contribution is $5.

The Gallery of Contemporary Canadian Art (MOCCA) has Free Friday Nights from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m., and also the marketplace Gallery at St. Lawrence Market, which checks out Toronto background and culture, is always complimentary.

10 of 11 Stroll Kensington Market

ADDRESS Kensington Ave, Toronto, ON M5T 2K2, Canada PHONE +1 416-323-1924 INTERNET Go to site

Kensington Market is a hip Toronto neighborhood adjacent to Chinatown, not a "market" in the usual fruits and veggies sense, although you will certainly discover those there in abundance. The area has a funky, "organic, fair-trade cafe" ambiance, yet not obnoxiously so. You'll discover vintage furniture, vintage garments shops and a lot of areas to pick up an inexpensive take-out meal, especially good empanadas as well as other Latin American foods.

11 of 11 Take the Ferryboat to Centre Island

ADDRESS Center Island - Olympic Island, Toronto, ON M5V, Canada

Centre Island is an excellent trip for any person desiring to run away the stress of the city. Reaching Centre Island requires a ferryboat trip. Ferries leave every 15 to 30 minutes and expense in between $4 and $8, and complimentary for children under 2 (as of 2019). The journey takes about 10 mins.

Centre Island is 820 acres of park. Besides the ferryboat ride, there's no cost, yet a little amusement park, dining establishments, and other destinations might lure you to open your purse. Maintain the budget plan in check by bringing a barbecue lunch or make the most of the fire pits as well as barbecue.

The post “Top 11 Cheap or Free Things to Do in Toronto” was seen first on tripsavvy by Jane Mclean

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our-mrs-saku-love · 4 years

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The Audi R8: Origins, Generations, Specifications

All things Audi R8 on Automobile.

Audi R8 Essential History Despite a rich motorsports history with overwhelming success in both rallying and endurance racing, Audi's always remained at arm's length when it came to producing a true sports car. The once-popular Audi TT has most of the right ingredients, but the front-wheel-drive underpinnings pulled primarily from the VW Golf kept it well below the Porsche Boxster, Nissan Z cars, and BMW's assorted roadsters and two-seat coupes.

Since the early 1980s, Audi remained content developing high-performance versions of its premium coupes and sedans, focusing on promoting all-wheel drive technology and turbocharged engines, even if the resulting speed-specials were softer and more road-oriented than the adrenalin-charging weapons from Mercedes-Benz' AMG or BMW's M division.

It was only during the early-2000s when the reality of an Audi supercar began to coalesce, born from Audi's ongoing Le Mans domination and the then-recent acquisition of Lamborghini by the Volkswagen Auto Group. To amortize the cost of development of the nascent Lamborghini Gallardo and to bring Audi a little closer in-line with Mercedes and BMW, the plan for the mid-engine Audi R8—the brand's first supercar—took shape with the Le Mans Quattro concept in 2003.

Audi Le Mans Quattro Concept Visually, the Audi Le Mans Quattro concept was nearly identical to the production R8 that arrived in 2007, though the wild twin-turbo V-10 engine was tossed for a more production-friendly iteration of Audi's naturally aspirated 4.2-liter V-8. Power was reasonable for a mid-engine sports car of the era, with 414 horsepower and 317 lb-ft of torque sent to all-four wheels through either Audi's R-Tronic six-speed automated manual or a gated six-speed manual transmission. Zero-to-60-mph times for these early R8s were around the low four-second mark, with a top speed around 188 mph.

The Audi R8 Goes V-10 For the 2009 model year, the R8's Lamborghini roots shone in full-force, when the updated 5.2-liter V-10 from the Lamborghini LP560-4 was shoehorned into the R8. Fun fact—that Lamborghini V-10 is actually an Audi V-10 pulled from the S6 and S8. So, the R8 V10 actually uses an Audi V-10 pulled from a Lamborghini, but we digress. The V-10 engine increased the R8's output to 518 horsepower and 391 lb-ft of torque, dropping the zero-to-60 mph sprint to 3.9 seconds, and raising top speed to 196 mph.

The Audi R8 Spyder Drop-top Spyder variants launched for both the V-8 and the V-10 models, with the V-8 adding an extra 14 horsepower over the V-8 coupe, growing the total to 428 horsepower, though torque remained unchanged at 317 lb-ft. The limited edition R8 GT arrived in 2011, cutting 220 pounds from the curb weight of the regular R8 V10, while increasing the V-10's output to 552 horsepower and 398 lb-ft of torque. As you'd expect, the R8 GT also brought with it a range of suspension, braking, and aerodynamic upgrades over the regular car to compensate for the additional power and to enlarge the overall performance envelope. Production of the GT was limited to 333 units worldwide, with an additional 333 unit run of the corresponding R8 GT Spyder.

The first-generation R8 received a mid-cycle refresh for 2012 in the rest of the world, arriving in the U.S. in 2013 as a 2014 model year. The refresh brought mostly aesthetic updates, though a few significant mechanical upgrades were also brought to the R8, most significantly a new seven-speed dual-clutch replacing the balky R-Tronic automated manual transmission. Standard magnetic damping was also added for the R8 V10, an optional upgrade for the V-8 models.

The R8 V10 Plus arrived on our shores in 2014, adding a new range-topping trim with extra power and performance in the same vein as the older R8 GT. The same 5.2-liter V-10 as found in the standard R8 V10 was upgraded to 542 horsepower and 398 lb-ft of torque in the R8 V10 Plus, which also got a re-tuned suspension, updated interior, and massaged aesthetics.

Second-Generation Audi R8 After these short-lived upgrades, the first-gen R8 was replaced by an all-new model in 2015 for the 2016 model year. In keeping with the Lamborghini bones of the prior generation, the second-gen R8 shares much of its structural DNA with the Lamborghini Huracan. This includes the familiar 5.2-liter naturally aspirated V-10—the only engine offered at the moment—initially available with either 533 horsepower and 398 lb-ft of torque in the base R8 coupe or 602 horsepower and 413 lb-ft in the R8 V10 Plus coupe. With the exception of the limited-edition R8 RWS (Rear Wheel Series), power is transferred to all-four wheels through a seven-speed dual-clutch transmission.

For 2019, the second-gen R8 was updated with extra power and an aesthetic refresh. Power for the base coupe jumped to 562 horsepower and 413 lb-ft, while the newly renamed R8 Coupe Performance Quattro packs 602 horsepower and 443 lb-ft of torque. Performance for all iterations of the second-gen R8 is impressive; factory-quoted zero-to-60 mph times range between 3.2 seconds and 3.5 seconds, though these times have proven to be conservative in independent tests.

Audi R8 Highlights Time will likely be kind to the Audi R8. The first generation of the supercar consistently ranks at the top of many enthusiast's lists of best designs of the 2000s, and it's only going to get better with time. Although older R8s may carry a bit of a stigma as simply a used supercar, give it time—or pick one up now, while they are at the bottom of their depreciation curve.

Once the first R8s are out of the too-new-to-be-classic but too-old-to-be-cool dead zone, the R8 will be one of the better ways to get into something genuinely exotic for not much more than the price of entry to a loaded mid-size crossover SUV. Early V-8s are particularly inexpensive to purchase, and compared to a Ferrari or Lamborghini of similar vintage, significantly less expensive to keep on the road. As far as upkeep price goes, think more than a BMW or Audi sedan, and less than an Aston Martin—maintenance on a regular Porsche 911 is likely a good comparison.

By design, the R8 of any generation is a more professional, lower-key supercar—if that's even a thing. The current R8 is priced closer to the Porsche 911 Turbo, current Acura NSX, and Aston Martin Vantage than to Lamborghini's Huracán or McLaren's 720s, but in our experience, the R8 doesn't fall far short of those more exotic models in performance or theater. In fact, we'd likely take a new R8 over any of the listed alternatives on the strength of its sound and the vicious launch control. We've also heard whispers that a first-gen Audi R8 V10 with the gated manual transmission is one of the best "exotic" experiences that can be had for less than $100,000, so there's that.

Audi R8 Buying Tips Audi R8s of any generation or spec are fairly robust and shouldn't provide too many undue surprises mechanically. A thick sheaf of maintenance records is always a welcome inclusion with any potential purchase, as is a pre-purchase inspection at a local specialist or dealer. Parts availability for the R8 is high, considering even the oldest R8s still have factory support from Audi—for now. As stated above, expect regular maintenance bills similar to what you'd expect of a Porsche 911.

If you are in the market for a first-gen R8, we highly suggest you seek only those with either the six-speed manual transmission or the later dual-clutch examples. Avoid the R-Tronic at all costs; it's clunky, slow, relatively fragile, and for some enthusiasts, ruins the overall experience. Engine type matters, too, as V-8s will obviously be more affordable than the V-10s, but there is a significant difference in both speed and upkeep between the two engines—as well as a difference in prestige, which can enhance (or detract from) collectibility.

Audi R8 Auctions Despite undeniable desirability, the Audi R8 isn't collectible enough to cross the stage at major auction houses—yet. Bring a Trailer never disappoints, as the healthy record of sold R8s is enough to give an idea of what you might pay for a first generation. For second-generation R8s—the current model—there are enough on Audi lots that you might be better off getting one straight from the source.

This 2009 Audi R8 4.2 w/ six-speed manual and only 8,000 miles sold for $67,000

A 2010 Audi R8 V10 w/ six-speed manual sold for $72,000

This second-gen 2018 Audi R8 RWS claimed $118,000

A late-model first-gen 2015 Audi R8 4.2 with six-speed manual was bought for $80,000

Audi R8 Quick Facts First year of production: 2007 Last year of production: Ongoing Base Price: $171,150 (2020) Audi's first supercar Lamborghini bones for (relatively) cheap Time will be very, very kind to the R8 family We'll take ours with the V-10 and the gated manual, please Audi R8 Articles On Automobile We drove the refreshed first-generation Audi R8 in 2012.

Here's our review of the second-generation Audi R8 V10 Plus.

We sampled the rare Audi R8 RWS as well.

We got our hands on the updated second-gen Audi R8 late last year.

And just for fun, here's a test of the race-ready Audi R8 LMS.

Audi R8 FAQ You have questions about the Audi R8. Automobile has answers. Here are the answers to some of the most frequently asked Audi R8 queries:

Is The Audi R8 A Supercar? Absolutely. With any engine or transmission and from either generation, the Audi R8 is quick, fast, and visually stunning enough to be considered a supercar.

How Fast Does An Audi R8 Go? The early first-gen Audi R8 4.2s topped out at 188 mph, while the latest and greatest Audi R8 V10 Performance Quattro smacks a mighty 206 mph.

How Much Is The New Audi R8? The base 2020 Audi R8 will run you $171,150.

What Year Is The Best Audi R8? Hmm, great question. We reckon it depends on what you want from the car. For an engaging drive, we'd pick the cleanest first-gen V-10 with the gated manual we could find. However, the current R8 is stunningly quick and aurally spectacular as any car we've driven, so perhaps one of the few R8 RWS would find its way into our dream garage. ผลบอล7mคะแนน

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senzacaponecoda · 4 years

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pAA?

(Decided to reduce the names to E, O and S because this isn’t something that should be treated seriously or like there’s anything in particular respectable or responsible about it, but might be helpful to someone like me trying to find something out for personal reasons.) So since I finally got my hands on a copy of O and S’s reconstruction of PAA, I thought I’d go through and pick out what I thought were their best etymons against what I think are E’s best etymons. As I’ve said before both reconstructions seem to be basically mass comparison reconstructions.

The wiki page on Afroasiatic claims they agree on basically nothing, and out of 1000ish and 2600ish I still got less than 100 shared roots, so that’s probably accurate. The page and what I pulled out didn’t exactly line up though, but also there were some roots especially on E’s end (due to a need to reconstruct verbs to nominalize for his PS theories) that I outright changed the meaning of because they actually made his individual arguments stronger; like, say, if you had 4 roots that mean knife in each sub-branch, why assume the etymon means cut?

I compared the roots in case there was something that was an obvious oversight, and while I don’t think their methods were all that good (although O and S’s are a lot better), I didn’t want to discount everything in case there was something like “well their vowel systems are different so I’m not counting roots where even V[os] = V[e]” or like “O/S posit (g,x) < *q while E has (g,x) < *ÿ” being overlooked and miraculously they agreed on like 300 more roots than the page gives them credit. There’s also issues like, well, “Is this particular author doing such a bad job but the critics aren’t seeing that, that he/she/they are dragging the other author/s down by undermining their ok etymons?” etc.

So, like, I’ve messed with the data in a way that’s irrepairable and shit. Mind that. This isn’t scholarly work and isn’t intended to be. And I messed with some of the data - even if I think it’s more representative of their works at a level, from any kind of responsible position I need to make it absolutely clear that it’s not really reflective of their work, but a reflection of my amateur, shitty thoughts on their concordances.

So, for the curious:

So when putting this list together I accidentally kept mixing which side I wrote whose roots together. E tends to have labiovelars where OS have o, E has long vowels, OS don’t, E has tones, OS don’t, E has the voiced velar fricative I transcribed as ÿ and ŋ, OS have q and q’ vs k’ and k. E has p’, the rest I guess you’ll have to guess.

I also marked a few words with * for what might be imitative or baby speak words. *? like on horn is “I’m on the fence of it being imitative”

Vowels are pretty much ignored, but otherwise definite correlates:

kol-f bark (n) dam blood k'os~k'as bone naf breath ben~bin build di3, da3, du3 call dumn~deman cloud k'at' cut* 2ab father* pir fly*? ba2 go sim hear lib heart k'ar horn*? inkwal~2ankol kidney 2er~2âr know lVk'~lak lick* tir liver sum,sim~süm,sim name wan open bu~baw place dak,duk~dik pound k'u2 rise tuf spin ra3-raa3 sun dab,dib-dub tail les,lis tongue ma2 water

Close matches, differing by not a lot of phonological space, but the correlations seem unsystematic or quasi-systematic (E *k = OS *x? or the other way). A lot of this might be due to obfuscation of the subgroups; it’s known beyond these reconstructions that Semitic b, p, f correspond to Egyptian b, p, f but there doesn’t seem to be a pattern to the correspondences beyond [+labial][-nasal]=[+labial][-nasal]... except some roots where b = m, mostly Egyptian to Semitic (iirc it’s believed that snb = slm).

! maaw~mawut die ! har~heraw day ! t(l)'ok' beat ! bak~bax burn ! k'al~k'ar burn ! (t)san brother ! kor~kw'al angry #related to kidney? ! pak~pax break apart* ! yar~3er burn #n.b. OS *e = E *ya pretty consistently ! ka2(up) cover ! t'ub~duf drip* ! g'arub~ÿar(b) dusk ! 2et~iit eat*? ! gur~guud enclose ! 2ir~2il eye #2il is also given for both by the wiki author ! 2aakw~2ax fire ! ŋiiwr~gir flames ! pur~fir flower 1 k'ur~kâr go around ! ĉa3ar~ła2r hair ! qafV3~gâf hold ! qam~kam hold ! fil~bul hole ! ĉa(2i)d~gwi/ad land ! ne2ul~ñaw moist ! bakr~bar morning ! âf~2ap mouth* ! ĉer~sar,sir root ! cab~sVp sew ! sur~tsur sing ! tsoon~soon smell ! bak'~p'ak' split* ! da2~daw walk

Really kind of stretched correspondences, usually requiring twice the amount of special pleading as above:

!! rip~2erib sew !! dabn~zab hair !! yawr~yabil bull !! büł~fil skin !! 3ir~raw sky

A root that’s probably wrong but I didn’t delete it:

!!! c'eyg~c'a3ek shout

Roots on the wiki article it says are part of “the fragile consensus” but either escaped my standards for good etymologies from E and OS or were lost when I changed E or OS’s proposed definitions to fit the data they presented for etymologization:

>> (2a)bVr bull >> (2a)dVm land >> 2igar~kw'ar enclosure >> 3ayn eye #I think for both this was only found in Sem and Egn, which is proto-Sem-Egn, not PAA >> bar son >> gamm mane, beard >> gVn cheek, chin >> gwar3~(gora3?) throat #These words weren’t in E’s but look like it and I guessed on what the OS reconstruction would look like >> gwina3~(gona3?) hand >> kVn cowife >> kwaly??? kidney #that this isn’t VnkwVl damns something >> k'awal, qwar say, call >> sin tooth >> siwan know >> zwr seed >> łVr root >> šun sleep, dream

These I sort of gathered based on a decent scholarly Egyptologist’s work

** (n)i,ku,nak(u) 1sc ** nVn 1pc ** kumV, kV 2sm ** kimV, ki 2sf ** suwa, sV 3sm ** si(y/t)a, si 3sf **-ú~-aw nom (earlier an ergative) **-á abs **Egyptian had an outright ergative participle so like yeah Some AA assumptions $$ m- participle, possible 3 or 4 denoting instruments, resultatives, passive and active meanings, and more. $$ s- causative (likely su-) $$ -í nisba = adjectivizer $$ -át/-út ending for abstract, mass, diminutive, augmentative, female nouns $$ top two combine frequently $$ maybe k became a masculine? maybe u/w too? $$ perhaps an -n- passive? -t- passive? reciprocal voice? (kick each other) $$ emphatic coronal series $$ prefixing conjugation {2 t t y t n t t y t} on imperfect-type stems $$ core verb stems seem to be perfect vs imperfect $$ a lot of sources report *-r has spreading out semantics at the end of a Semitic verb and I believe it. $$ suffixing possessive pronouns $$ probably all of pAA derives its verb system from those same possessive pronouns suffixed to participles, which probably helped the ergative to nominative alignment change. Again, Egn had an ergative participle at one point. It actually used a slightly different form of the possessed agreement system for that though, maybe reflective of a dead case system. $$ personally I think egn broke off early, sem and amz were geographically between it and ethiopia, the cushitic languages broke early but stayed in contact, chadic is cladistically cushitic that broke off in the middle of the ethiopianization of cushitic in the post-islamic era, since it seems to be in cultural memory. beja wasn’t as ethiopianized and is slightly closer to semitic, amz, and in many ways egn surprisingly, omotic was probably adopted into the family, ongota is too creolized to know anything, tones, vowel rebalancing, probably influences of Central/Eastern Sudanic. I have no idea why languages with ATR (i.e. pharyngealization) distinctions would make pharyngealized languages switch to ejectives, so if sem-amz is a thing you just have to postulate why they switched, since egyptian is no help. for all i know egyptian always had an aspiration distinction (which would explain some insane correlations) and then they fell together and split again for coptic. Don’t think this can be projected to the proto-lang: $$ ablauting everywhere, in nouns and verbs. masdars and singular nouns probably reflect original vowel patterns. !! E and OS reconstruct consonant systems similar to PS and idk about that. Both give 5 vowel core systems but for different reasons and different results. E has length and the central short vowels fall together in all but Omo. Some shenanigans happen to get Cu uu, ii, aa, ə, and ä. Ch ends up with a i u ə, and the other three a i u. OS has e yield ya and o yield wa, ü for u~i results, and does overall less movement.

These are numbers from my number project:

## tsin~tsar two ## kwrad three ## fVd'w four ## magw ten

It’s interesting that many of these shared roots are in fact Swadesh roots and that that mostly happened on accident. E reconsructed 1000 roots, OS 2600, and just using judgements like “a root needs to mean the same thing in two (standard I held E to) or three (standard I used for OS) subbranches” to sift through them brought me down to these. But like most of these roots are fundamentally two segments long. There were even ~false matches in some of them with the phonaesthetic shape of their English glosses - horn would go back to something like *karn in PIE, which looks like the root here. Maybe horns make a kar sound, but with 2iit~2et, idk, I don’t think of eating as making an “eat-eat” sound; I actually threw away a number of roots that had a “kwa-l-kwa-l” (whence Ar. 2akulu) sound which at least kind of sounds like swallowing.

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juniperpublishers-robotics-blog · 4 years

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Real-Time Visual Subject Tracking and Classification by Combining Motion Signal Analysis andTridimensional - Shape Feature Classifiers with Group-Induction Boosting Algorithms- Juniper Publishers

Abstract

This paper provides a novel and unprecedented approach for integrating motion features in the detection and classification of moving subjects in a static environment. More specifically, we measure the impact of the use of trajectory history, rotation history, blob orientation, motion frequency in the three axes, motion acceleration, segmentation errors, and flickering scores, and how they can influence classification of moving people, pets, and other objects. We apply our method to data captured by a combined color and depth camera sensor. We find that, while some motion descriptors slightly improve accuracy, the use of them in conjunction outperforms previous approaches in the classification and tracking of real-world moving subjects in real-time.

Keywords: Real-time tracking; Moving subjects; Classification; Motion signal; Motion statistics; Accelerometer; Orientation; Rgbd camera; Depth images; Computer vision; Machine learning; Classifiers; Boosting; Artificial intelligence

Introduction

Many home security products that are available on the market promise to detect intruders at home and notify users via text messages. However, these home surveillance platforms often have high rates of false-positives and low tolerance for them. In other words, the user often receives messages because their pet walked in front of the camera or the wind moved the curtains. The user then grows accustomed to these false alarms and therefore ignores any future alarms that could be real threats. Furthermore, when a user wants to play back and watch all indoor moving subject activities, he has to watch all of the false-positive parts of the footage as well, wasting countless hours of time. Other potential uses of home cameras are harmed by the fact that the recognition technology is solely based on naive movement detection.

Our approach uses depth cameras, as well as accelerometers and gyroscopes to easily place the camera on the wall and detect its orientation, create a point cloud or tridimensional representation of the moving subjects, and use statistics and machine learning to more accurately detect and predict the nature of the moving object (Figure 1).

We also use a group induction1 method (inferring object type based on close similarity to a labelled object, or geographical proximity to it), which allows us to use smaller amounts of human labelling than similar conventional approaches. Moreover, our results are compatible with semisupervised learning techniques (meaning we can allow a user to label only a few examples, and we infer the rest from that)2. This method enables the user to train the algorithm in a more practical manner, since a customer will often not take the time to label all data, but will agree to label a few of the data points (for example, the false-positives or false-negatives) [1].

Foot Note:

1Because our point clouds are grouped into animations, including multiple frames, all those frames can be labelled as part of the same object, assuming that the object was appropriately tracked. This can help with training the predictors with more data.

Source: Teichman, Alex, and Sebastian Thrun. “Group induction.” 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE, 2013.

Yoctopus accelerometer+gyroscope sensor. We added this accelerometer and gyroscope to the depth camera sensor, in order to programmatically determine its orientation with respect to the horizontal ground plane (Figure 2).

This is what the depth camera and the IMU sensor look together3 . The project also involved a heat sensor (green) but the results of the heat descriptors are reported in a separate paper [2] (Figure 3).

Background

We used a model built originally for a project dealing with self-driving cars. The model involves a boosted learning classifier based on Adaboost, and the innovative use of groupinduction as a method of semi-supervised learning. Although some tests and development were performed with semisupervised learning, for the most part of the project, and for our research results, we decided to use a fully-supervised model so as to eliminate any possible noise, mislabelling or bias introduced by the use of semi-supervised learning4. (Figure 4).

The data we were working with is originated from a PrimeSense RGBD depth camera (color+depth), to which an accelerometer and gyroscope have been added. The depth image captured from the sensor is used to create a statistical model of the background or environment, which is static. When a part of the image is statistically outside the range of what constitutes the static background, that section is likely to be marked as an object in the foreground. That object is then converted into a point-cloud to more pragmatically represent the data. It is processed throughout our pipeline or saved for later processing5.

Foot Note:

2Although our research results are compatible with this semi-supervised boosting, we have preferred to use fully supervised learning to generate the results for this paper.

Source: Teichman, Alex, and Sebastian Thrun. “Tracking-based semi-supervised learning.” The International Journal of Robotics Research 31.7 (2012): 804-818.

3We used an intertial measurement unit, which performs sensor fusion of the data gathered by an accelerometer and gyroscope.

Source: Morrison, Melvin M. “Inertial measurement unit.” U.S. Patent No. 4,711,125. 8 Dec. 1987.

4We are using the algorithm developed by Alex Teichman in order to classify tracks of all moving objects, instead of tracking a specific class. This method is non-specific to object class.

Source: Teichman, Alex, and Sebastian Thrun. “Practical object recognition in autonomous driving and beyond.” Advanced Robotics and its Social Impacts (ARSO), 2011 IEEE Workshop on. IEEE, 2011.

5We use the depth-image segmentation method created by Alex Teichman and Jake Lussier.

Source: Teichman, Alex, Jake T. Lussier, and Sebastian Thrun. “Learning to Segment and Track in RGBD.” IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering 10.4 (2013): 841-852

Machine Learning Algorithm

The classification technique we have decided to use for this experiment was that of the boosting technique6. “Boosting refers to a general and provably effective method of producing a very accurate prediction rule by combining rough and moderately inaccurate rules of thumb” in the following manner [3,4]:

This algorithm is fast and has many tweakable parameter. It is also suitable for the processing of a large list of descriptors. The technique uses an array of weak learners that complement each other to improve overall performance.

Descriptor Pipeline

Our descriptor pipeline takes the point cloud animations, which consist of a series of frames that represent moving objects. These frames have point cloud stills in them. Together, all point clouds for all frames in the animation constitute one instance.

Each frame of the instance (each point cloud) is pushed through the descriptor pipeline individually, even if these individual images correspond to the same instance of the object being observed [5].

As seen on Figure 5, the data travels from Blob Entry Point, the input node, then goes into Blob Projector, which projects the RGBD data from a pixel matrix containing depth and color values into a 3D point cloud, a list of points (X, Y, Z pairs) with color values (R, G, B). Then, the data is sent into two different pods (nodes): HSV Histogram, where the RGB colors are converted into the HSV space8, and then a color histogram is computed. The color histogram has H, S, V values for each bin in the histogram [6].

Foot Note:

6We use the boosting technique for our machine learning purposes.

Source: Schapire, Robert E. “The boosting approach to machine learning: An overview.” Nonlinear estimation and classification. Springer New York, 2003. 149-171

7From this paper:

Source: Schapire, Robert E. “The boosting approach to machine learning: An overview.” Nonlinear estimation and classification. Springer New York, 2003. 149-171.

8Data in the vector space are converted into space.

Source: Smith, Alvy Ray. “Color gamut transform pairs.” ACM Siggraph Computer Graphics 12.3 (1978): 12-19.

All these individual scalar values are then sent as a list to the descriptor aggregator, which appends them to a list of values for other descriptors.

Projected Size, a pod in which the 3D size is measured and sent to the Descriptor Aggregator pod (at the bottom) in order to append it to the list of descriptors to be computed by the machine learning algorithm9. T his existing pipeline allows us to add more descriptors and experiment with how they affect classification results.

Other pods/nodes are found as well. We can see another node is CloudOrienter, which transforms the point-cloud and orients it based on its longest axis using the PCA algorithm.10 Once oriented into its principal components (X is the longest axis, Y the second longest, and Z the last one), the point cloud can be better aligned w ith previous images of t hat object. For example, if the camera is observing a pen, it will be aligned on its longest axis, so that it can be compared with other images of a pen no matter their perceived orientation [7].

Then, the oriented pointcloud is projected onto multiple 2D images (different planes: XY, YZ, and XZ) so that we can run a HOG algorithm on each of them.11,12

Then, the results are condensed into a lower-density vector so that the values can be aggregated and sent to the machine learning algorithm [8] (Figure 6).

Foot Note:

9We use the boosting technique for our machine learning purposes.

Source: Schapire, Robert E. “The boosting approach to machine learning: An overview.” Nonlinear estimation and classification. Springer New York, 2003. 149-171.

10 Principal component analysis is an algorithm that transforms data points that seem to be correlated into linearly uncorrelated sets of values (principal components). Thus, the variables that are most correlated for the main axis, with other orthogonal axes accommodating the following most correlated sets of variables.

Source: Wold, Svante, Kim Esbensen, and Paul Geladi. “Principal component analysis.” Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems 2.1-3 (1987): 37-52.

11Histogram of Oriented Gradiates is an algorithm that is often used as a feature descriptor for computer vision tasks in order to detect objects. It was used with a lot of success to detect humans in 2D images.

Source: Dalal, Navneet, and Bill Triggs. “Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection.” 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR’05). Vol. 1. IEEE, 2005.

12HOG algorithm steps.

Method

We placed a Prime Sense RGBD camera near the roof of a room and recorded dozens of hours of footage of activity in the room. We attached an accelerometer and a gyroscope sensor to the camera so that we could later re-orient the point clouds based on the gravity vector measured by the sensors. People, pets and other objects moved throughout the room and were recorded and extracted from the background. These blobs were then separately saved into an SD card. The data was then manually labeled (per instance) using a C++ tool. The data was then passed through the descriptor pipeline [9].

Then, we continued in the process to perform k-fold crossvalidation (this process that enables us to reduce overfitting, so that our classifier can generize better - learn to recognize objects that are not that similar to the training examples). The training data was divided into K chunks and the classifiers were trained on K-1 chunks. Then, the classification and predictions for the remaining chunk were compared against the ground truth that was manually assigned to each instance, and the accuracy values, among others, were computed and saved.

We divided moving objects into multiple classes: cat, person, door, bush, and background, and then we performed 5-way classification. As we can see in the results, there were generally mild improvements as we kept computing new descriptors.

Pipelines Studied

As seen in Figure 6, the Base was the previously existing descriptor pipeline, which orients the point clouds for objects based on their major components and aligns every object on such axes. The Gravity pipeline is the same as the Base descriptor pipeline, but we started aligning objects vertically, based on the camera orientation (measured by the accelerometer and gyroscope). As we can see, performance increases after aligning objects based on the gravity-vector measurement. We can see the Gravity pipeline in Figure 7. Then, Oriented Trajectory is a pipeline to which we also added a trajectory pod, which computes the object velocity and acceleration in X, Y and Z coordinates, aligned with the gravity vector as Z-down. This pipeline can be seen in Figure 8. Finally, since the X and Y orientation is based on the object shape rather than its environment, its use is irrelevant to motion statistics, and thus it cannot be reliably used. Therefore, we added the Plane Trajectory descriptors, which add a vertical speed feature, a horizontal speed feature (on the XY plane), and it also computes and sends the vertical acceleration and horizontal acceleration scalars to the machine learning algorithm. This pipeline can be found in Figure 9. Then, we added mean angular velocity and acceleration, in Figure 10 (Rotation Statistics). Later, we included a change rate estimator that measures the change of the pointcloud between different frames of the moving object (Figure 11). And finally, we added a Fourier transform node to filter the spectrum of these motion statistics (Figure 12).

Base pipeline (Figure 5)

The base pipeline provides a functioning machine learning architecture that very accurately predicts the class of the moving object. However, in our studies, we will modify and add to this pipeline. As we can see here, the point cloud is sent through the CloudOrienter for most subsequent operations. This will be different in the following modified pipelines. The CloudOrienter rotates a point cloud in order to align its longest component with the X axis, and the following longest orthogonal axis on Y, leaving the remaining orthogonal axis to Z.13 (Figure 5.1)

Gravity pipeline (Figure 7)

The Gravity pipeline is an enhanced version of the Base pipeline, and includes a Gravitational CloudOrienter as the main node. Instead of orienting point clouds based on the object’s dimensions, this node orients them based on their realworld orientation with respect to the environment’s vertical axis. In other words, it uses the measured gravity vector (via accelerometer+gyroscope) to orient the clouds vertically [10].

The object is oriented vertically based on the IMU sensor that we attached to the depth camera. The Z axis (blue) aligns vertically, with the measured gravity vector.

It is also rotated so that its principal component aligns with the X axis (red) (Figure 7.1 & 7.2).

Foot Note:

13Principal component analysis is an algorithm that transforms data points that seem to be correlated into linearly uncorrelated sets of values (principal components). Thus, the variables that are most correlated for the main axis, with other orthogonal axes accommodating the following most correlated sets of variables.

Source: Wold, Svante, Kim Esbensen, and Paul Geladi. “Principal component analysis.” Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems 2.1-3 (1987): 37-52.

Oriented trajectory pipeline (Figure 8)

In this pipeline, besides the Simple Trajectory Statistics nodes, which accumulated average speed (in any direction), there is a new node called Oriented Trajectory Statistics, which sends separate X, Y, and Z values for velocity and acceleration in those axes (Figure 8.1).

Plane trajectory pipeline (Figure 9)

The trajectory pipeline modifies the Oriented Trajectory Statistics node and adds a couple different computed values. Besides simply separating into X, Y and Z, the node now computes a horizontal speed (in the 2D horizontal plane), a vertical speed (different from vertical velocity), and a horizontal and vertical acceleration, as well (Figure 9.1).

Rotation pipeline (Figure 10)

The rotation pipeline also aggregates data about the point cloud’s rotation in each frame, and the object’s rotation acceleration as well, using the PCA algorithm to compute orientations in individual frames14. T his h elps t he d etection technique differentiate between objects that rotate a lot in the 2D horizontal plane at different speeds and acceleration. This happens in the Rotation Statistics node (Figure 10.1).

Foot Note:

14Principal component analysis is an algorithm that transforms data points that seem to be correlated into linearly uncorrelated sets of values (principal components). Thus, the variables that are most correlated for the main axis, with other orthogonal axes accommodating the following most correlated sets of variables.

Source: Wold, Svante, Kim Esbensen, and Paul Geladi. “Principal component analysis.” Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems 2.1-3 (1987): 37-52.

Change pipeline (Figure 11)

The change pipeline adds a descriptor that computes a score representing how much a point cloud changes among different timestamps or frames in the animation. The object might change in size or position greatly among multiple frames due to segmentation errors, overlapping objects or simply because the object is moving or changing at high speeds. This descriptor was made to help us detect background noise instances, or objects that are very badly segmented, and easily exclude them from our other classes [11] (Figure 11.1).

Foot Note:

Source: Wold, Svante, Kim Esbensen, and Paul Geladi. “Principal component analysis.” Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems 2.1-3 (1987): 37-52.

Fourier pipeline (Figure 12)

The fourier pipeline adds a node that performs the fourier transform, changing the basis of the computed descriptor data (such as horizontal speed, vertical speed, velocities, accelerations, angular acceleration, change scores, and rotation statistics. 15 (Figure 12.1).

Foot Note:

15We used the fast fourier transform in order to convert the motion signal in time into a spectral representation of each motion frequency and their amplitudes.

Source: Weisstein, Eric W. “Fast fourier transform.” (2015).

Results

We first trained our classifier on a dataset recorded indoors, where the only observed objects that moved were cats and people. Some false-positives involved a moving curtain, background noise, or segmentation errors. Here, we can see that by using the measured gravity vector and aligning detected objects relative to gravity can improve performance (Table 1).

Following this experiment, the new features and enhanced pipeline were applied to a multi-class problem, with data recorded outdoors, this time (Table 2).

Following the experiments with the 5 classes, another set of experiments were performed, after removing the “bush” class, since most instances of bushes were marked as background and viceversa. It was hard for the person labelling to discern between a moving bush and random noise in the static background. As we can see, this different labelling scheme increased accuracy on the same dataset. Furthermore, we can tell that improvements were seen when adding more descriptors.

For this set of experiments, we also added a Rotation pod, which computes the object’s angular velocity and angular acceleration. This pipeline can be found in Figure 10. Finally, we added the “ChangeEstimator” pod, which computes a flickering score, a descriptor that evaluates how much the object’s shape changes between multiple frames. If it f lickers a lot, it is likely a segmentation error or background noise, and therefore will not count as a moving subject. As we can tell, this descriptor significantly improves classification accuracy. Its pipeline can be seen in Figure 11 (Table 3).

Conclusion

Although some additional descriptors offered mild improvements, in combination, they have delivered consistent improvement in learning accuracy. Additionally, descriptors such as the change-rate descriptor prove very useful to clean up segmentation errors. While aligning objects vertically proves helpful, this should probably be done additionally and not in place of aligning objects on the basis of their principal components (PCA). Future studies should measure the impact of having descriptors using both approaches, combined into the same boosting algorithm’s input. The model explained in this paper can be useful for security agencies as well as other applications. It can be used to better identify intruders, differentiate them from other moving objects or subjects, and to create a more robust subject tracking system.

Acknowledgement

We thank Yash Savani for many useful comments, and Alex Teichman for providing the basis software and technology, without which this research would not have been possible. Finally, we thank Sebastian Thrun for providing the lab, funding and advice that has allowed us to perform this study.

For More Open Access Journals Please Click on: Juniper Publishers

Fore More Articles Please Visit: Robotics & Automation Engineering Journal

#Juniper Publishers #Open Access Journals #Robotics #Self Ruling Robots #Neural Networks

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lindelwamamba · 7 years

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“THERE IS NO REAL ENDING. IT’S JUST THE PLACE WHERE YOU STOP THE STORY.”

Occupational therapy (OT) education consists of two essential interconnected components: academic coursework and fieldwork clinical education (Bagatell, Lawrence, Schwartz & Vuernick, 2013). Accreditation Council for OT Education (ACOTE; 2008) explains that the concept of fieldwork education is best integrated as a component of the OT curriculum design and ‘‘must include an in-depth experience in delivering OT services to clients, focusing on the application of purposeful and meaningful occupation and research, administration, and management of OT services’’. This is how my fieldwork experience can be described for me, with both exposure to midterms and finals. It hasn’t been all Glory and happiness though, much was required from this fieldwork and there were a few breakdowns here and there. But what would OT fieldwork be without 1, 2 or 40 break downs? LOL! It doesn’t seem like a true story right? Or maybe in your opinion we’re just being dramatic? Well, let me introduce you to the lives led be OT students.

It’s been 11 weeks friends, of hard work, dedication, late nights and early mornings. But this wasn’t all in vain, hard work definitely pays off. I went into fieldwork with a lot of fears, insecurities and uncertainty. I was not looking forward into this prac at all if I were to be honest with you, because honestly speaking Psychosocial is emotionally draining man. Unlike Physical, which I would gladly do any day, it involves a lot of abstract concepts. I mean here I am, trying to determine if my client has the ability to understand abstract concepts, when actually I’m struggling with the same. Ha-ha, isn’t it funny right? So my first impressions on my client were not so positive ones. Matter of fact it is safe that we go into fieldwork with preconceived ideas, especially with clients that suffer from mental health disorders as explained by Santalucia and Johnson (2010). Would you believe if I told you that at third year level, we ourselves harbor some feelings of stigma? Well fieldwork highlighted some of these prejudices to me. However the beauty of revelation with knowledge and empowerment is that you suddenly way too much to just do things without conscience. Obviously you would know this by now, because you have learned how I’ve dealt with some of these uncomfortable feelings around me and have moved on to having a deep desire about advocacy for our client’s with mental health disorders.

Also if you remember some of my first blogs you would understand why I felt this prac to be emotionally exhausting. I have some family members who are diagnosed with Intellectual Disability (ID). So for me, this was an experience of being on the other side of the fence, where there is a clear definite line between sympathy and empathy. So both my clients are both diagnosed with ID, and the focus of my intervention was improving quality of life through engagement in leisure activities despite institutionalization. There are definitely lot of hours spent trying to find the right activity, exploring how it’s meaningful for the client. The most wonderful discovery is realizing how occupation can be an inspiration for increasing motivation. Which is where understand theoretical frameworks like MOCA, MOHO, and the Behavioral AFR play a major role. This is easier done when you have really built a relationship with your client as it allows you to understand them better.

My most fears with our psychosocial block was the ability to make an impact, which we were told in our first mock prac that these happen to be far and few moments in mental health. But also what we look for is just maybe an improvement from that lack of affect to just some quirky smile, and just with that you know that you are making an impact. There was this particular client (he was not assigned to any student) whom for weeks would not give us any recognition, but on a particular day came to participate in a group activity we had because he enjoyed it. We saw him light up and come into full character, and ever since that day he smiles at us when we came in the mornings and will join during our group activities. That for me was amazing to see because not only were we making some progress with our own client but with the rest of the clients in the facility as well.

Lastly, we discovered our ability to deal with conflicts and challenging situations in a professional manner (Derdall, Olson, Janzen & Warren, 2002). We learned to not take things personally and just understand why our clients presented with certain behaviors, especially because ID is characterized by poor impulse control. We all developed personal traits like increased tolerance of others, and the ability to work together as a team. This is where I stop the story as a 3rd year OT student, for now.

Let me introduce you to me, the emerging 4th year OT student and to the new series of psychosocial fieldwork. But first, let’s both cross our fingers that I make a successful landing for exams, and home cause it’s been a loooong semester .

REFERENCES

1. Nancy Bagatell , Jennifer Lawrence , Marissa Schwartz & Whitney Vuernick (2013) Occupational Therapy Student Experiences and Transformations During Fieldwork in Mental Health Settings, Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 29:2, 181-196, DOI:10.1080/0164212X.2013.789292

2. Santalucia, S., & Johnson, C. R. (2010). Transformative learning: Facilitating growth and change through fieldwork. OT Practice, 15(19), CE1–CE7. 196 N. Bagatell et al.

3. Derdall, M., Olson, P., Janzen, W., & Warren, S. (2002). Development of a questionnaire to examine confidence of occupational therapy students during fieldwork experiences. The Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69(1), 49–65.

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pamphletstoinspire · 6 years

Photo

BOOK OF JOB - From The Douay-Rheims Bible - Latin Vulgate

Chapter 3

The Book of Job shows how human affairs are ruled by Divine Providence using probable arguments.

"Although you hide these things in your heart, I know that you still remember everything." - (Job speaking to God)

***

INTRODUCTION.

This Book takes its name from the holy man, of whom it treats; who, according to the more probable opinion, was of the race of Esau, and the same as Jobab, king of Edom, mentioned Gen. xxxvi. 33. It is uncertain who was the writer of it. Some attribute it to Job himself; others to Moses, or some one of the prophets. In the Hebrew it is written in verse, from the beginning of the third chapter to the forty-second chapter. Ch. --- The beginning and conclusion are historical, and in prose. Some have divided this work into a kind of tragedy, the first act extending to C. xv., the second to C. xxii., the third to C. xxxviii., where God appears, and the plot is unfolded. They suppose that the sentiments of the speakers are expressed, though not their own words. This may be very probable: but the opinion of those who look upon the work as a mere allegory, must be rejected with horror. The sacred writers speak of Job as of a personage who had really existed, (C.) and set the most noble pattern of virtue, and particularly of patience. Tob. ii. 12. Ezec. xiv. 14. Jam. v. 11. Philo and Josephus pass over this history, as they do those of Tobias, Judith, &c. H. --- The time when Job lived is not clearly ascertained. Some have supposed (C.) that he was a contemporary with Esther; (D. Thalmud) on which supposition, the work is here placed in its chronological order. But Job more probably live during the period when the Hebrews groaned under the Egyptian bondage, (H.) or sojourned in the wilderness. Num. xiv. 9. The Syrians place the book at the head of the Scriptures. C. --- Its situation has often varied, and is of no great importance. The subject which is here treated, is of far more; as it is intended to shew that the wicked sometimes prosper, while the good are afflicted. H. --- This had seldom been witnessed before the days of Abraham: but as God had now selected his family to be witnesses and guardians of religion, a new order of things was beginning to appear. This greatly perplexed Job himself; who, therefore, confesses that he had not sufficiently understood the ways of God, till he had deigned to explain them in the parable of the two great beasts. C. xlii. 3. We cannot condemn the sentiments expressed by Job, since God has declared that they were right, (ib. v. 8) and reprimands Elihu, (C. xxxviii. 2.) and the other three friends of Job, for maintaining a false opinion, though, from the history of past times, they had judge it to be true. This remark may excupate them from the stain of wilful lying, and vain declamation. Houbigant. --- However, as they assert what was false, their words of themselves are of no authority; and they are even considered as the forerunners of heretics. S. Greg. S. Aug. &c. T. --- Job refutes them by sound logic. S. Jerom. --- We may discover in this book the sum of Christian morality, (W.) for which purpose it has been chiefly explained by S. Gregory. The style is very poetical, (H.) though at the same time simple, like that of Moses. D. --- It is interspersed with many Arabic and Chaldaic idioms; (S. Jer.) whence some have concluded, that it was written originally by Job and his friends (H.) in Arabic, and translated into Heb. by Moses, for the consolation of his brethren. W. --- The Heb. text is in many places incorrect; (Houbig.) and the Sept. seem to have omitted several verses. Orig. --- S. Jerom says almost eight hundred, (C.) each consisting of about six words. H. --- Shultens, in 1747, expressed his dissatisfaction with the labours of all preceding commentators. To explain this book may not therefore be an easy task: but we must be as short as possible. H. --- Those who desire farther information, may consult Pineda, (W.) whose voluminous work, in two folios, will nearly (H.) give all necessary information. C.

Verses are in English and Latin.

HAYDOCK CATHOLIC BIBLE COMMENTARY

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

Changes made to the original text for this transcription include the following:

Accent marks. The original text contains some English letters represented with accent marks. In this transcription, those letters have been rendered in this transcription without their accent marks.

Other special characters.

Solid horizontal lines of various lengths that appear in the original text have been represented as a series of consecutive hyphens of approximately the same length, such as ---.

The half symbol (1/2) and three-quarters symbol (3/4) in the original text have been represented in this transcription with their decimal equivalent, (.5) and (.75) respectively.

Unreadable text. Places where the transcriber's copy of the original text is unreadable have been indicated in this transcription by an empty set of square brackets, [].

Chapter 3

Job expresses his sense of the miseries of man's life, by cursing the day of his birth.

[1] After this Job opened his mouth, and cursed his day,

Post haec aperuit Job os suum, et maledixit diei suo,

[2] And he said:

et locutus est :

[3] Let the day perish wherein I was born, and the night in which it was said: A man child is conceived.

Pereat dies in qua natus sum, et nox in qua dictum est : Conceptus est homo!

[4] Let that day be turned into darkness, let not God regard it from above, and let not the light shine upon it.

Dies ille vertatur in tenebras; non requirat eum Deus desuper, et non illustretur lumine.

[5] Let darkness, and the shadow of death cover it, let a mist overspread it, and let it be wrapped up in bitterness.

Obscurent eum tenebrae et umbra mortis; occupet eum caligo, et involvatur amaritudine.

[6] Let a darksome whirlwind seize upon that night, let it not be counted in the days of the year, nor numbered in the months.

Noctem illam tenebrosus turbo possideat; non computetur in diebus anni, nec numeretur in mensibus.

[7] Let that night be solitary, and not worthy of praise.

Sit nox illa solitaria, nec laude digna.

[8] Let them curse it who curse the day. who are ready to raise up a leviathan:

Maledicant ei qui maledicunt diei, qui parati sunt suscitare Leviathan.

[9] Let the stars be darkened with the mist thereof: let it expect light and not see it, nor the rising of the dawning of the day:

Obtenebrentur stellae caligine ejus; expectet lucem, et non videat, nec ortum surgentis aurorae.

[10] Because it shut not up the doors of the womb that bore me, nor took away evils from my eyes.

Quia non conclusit ostia ventris qui portavit me, nec abstulit mala ab oculis meis.

[11] Why did I not die in the womb, why did I not perish when I came out of the belly?

Quare non in vulva mortuus sum? egressus ex utero non statim perii?

[12] Why received upon the knees? why suckled at the breasts?

Quare exceptus genibus? cur lactatus uberibus?

[13] For now I should have been asleep and still, and should have rest in my sleep.

Nunc enim dormiens silerem, et somno meo requiescerem

[14] With kings and consuls of the earth, who build themselves solitudes:

cum regibus et consulibus terrae, qui aedificant sibi solitudines;

[15] Or with princes, that possess gold, and All their houses with silver:

aut cum principibus qui possident aurum, et replent domos suas argento;

[16] Or as a hidden untimely birth I should not be, or as they that being conceived have not seen the light.

aut sicut abortivum absconditum non subsisterem, vel qui concepti non viderunt lucem.

[17] There the wicked cease from tumult, and there the wearied in strength are at rest.

Ibi impii cessaverunt a tumultu, et ibi requieverunt fessi robore.

[18] And they sometime bound together without disquiet, have not heard the voice of the oppressor.

Et quondam vincti pariter sine molestia, non audierunt vocem exactoris.

[19] The small and great are there, and the servant is free from his master.

Parvus et magnus ibi sunt, et servus liber a domino suo.

[20] Why is light given to him that is in misery, and life to them that are in bitterness of soul?

Quare misero data est lux, et vita his qui in amaritudine animae sunt?

[21] That look for death, and it cometh not, as they that dig for a treasure:

Qui expectant mortem, et non venit, quasi effodientes thesaurum;

[22] And they rejoice exceedingly when they have found the grave.

gaudentque vehementer cum invenerint sepulchrum?

[23] To a man whose way is hidden, and God hath surrounded him with darkness?

Viro cujus abscondita est via et circumdedit eum Deus tenebris?

[24] Before I eat I sigh: and as overflowing waters, so is my roaring:

Antequam comedam, suspiro; et tamquam inundantes aquae, sic rugitus meus;

[25] For the fear which I feared hath come upon me: and that which I was afraid of, hath befallen me.

quia timor quem timebam evenit mihi, et quod verebar accidit.

[26] Have I not dissembled? have I not kept silence? have I not been quiet? and indignation is come upon me.

Nonne dissimulavi? nonne silui? nonne quievi? Et venit super me indignatio.

Commentary:

Ver. 1. Cursed his day. Job cursed the day of his birth, not by way of wishing evil to any thing of God's creation; but only to express in a stronger manner his sense of human miseries in general, and of his own calamities in particular. Ch. --- He has these only in view: though, in another light, it is better for a man to be born, and to undergo any misery, that he may obtain eternal rewards. H. --- Some allowances must be made for extreme pain, and for the style of the Eastern (C.) poetry. H. --- Jeremias, (xx. 14.) Habacuc, (i. 2.) the psalmist, and even our Saviour in his agony, made use of such strong expressions. Mat. xxvi. 39. and xxvii. 46. Some heretics accuse Job of impatience and blasphemy. The devil, therefore came off with victory; and the praises given to Job's patience are false. He might offend by some degree of exaggeration. C. --- But even that is by no means clear. Time past could not be recalled, nor receive any injury by the maledictions. H.

Ver. 7. Praise, by the appearance of the stars. C. xxxviii. 7. C.

Ver. 8. Day. The nations of Ethiopia, under the line, curse the sun as their greatest enemy. Strabo xvii. Pliny v. 8. --- They also brave the fury of the leviathan or crocodile. C. xl. 27. and xli. 1. Ps. lxxiii. 14. The natives of Tentyra, upon the Nile, were supposed to be a terror to that monster, or they were very courageous in entangling and pursuing it. Seneca q. 4. 2. Pliny viii. 25. --- Leviathan. Prot. "their mourning." De Dieu rejects this interpretation, substituting "and thou, leviathan, rouse up," &c. The fathers generally understand the devil to be thus designated. Sept. "he who is about to seize the great whale," (H.) or fish, which they also explain of the conflict of Satan with Jesus Christ." Origen, &c.

Ver. 10. Nor took. Sept. "for it would then have freed my eyes from labour."

Ver. 11. In the. Heb. "from the womb," (H.) or as soon as I was born. C. --- He seems to have lost sight of original sin, (v. 1.) or there might be some method of having it remitted to children unborn, which we do not know. H.

Ver. 12. Knees, by my father or grandfather. Gen. xxx 3. Iliad ix. C.

Ver. 13. Sleep. So death is often styled.

Olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget

Somnus: in æternam clauduntur lumina noctem. Æneid x.

Ver. 14. Consuls. Heb. "counsellors," or any in great authority. Sept. "kings, the counsellors of the land, who rejoiced, boasting of their swords." The same word, choraboth, (H.) means both swords and solitudes. D. --- Those great ones had prepared their own tombs, which were usually in solitary places; (C.) or they had filled all with their extensive palaces; and removed the people to a distance. H.

Ver. 15. Houses, while alive; (C.) or their tombs were thus enriched with silver, (M.) as this practice was not uncommon, v. 22. Joseph. xiii. 15. --- Marcian forbade it. S. Chrys. complains it subsisted in his time. Orat. Annæ. C.

Ver. 16. Light; dying in the womb. He expresses a desire that he had been thus prevented from feeling his present miseries and danger of sin. H.

Ver. 17. Tumult. In the grave they can no longer disturb the world. M. --- In strength. Sept. "in body." Both heroes and labourers then find rest, (C.) if they have lived virtuously. H.

Ver. 18. Bound in chains, like incorrigible slaves, (C.) or debtors. Cocceius. --- These were formerly treated with great severity. Luke xii. 59. C.

Ver. 21. Not. The feel the same eagerness for death as those who seek for a treasure; (C.) and when death is at hand, they rejoice no less than those who discover a grave, in which they hope to find some riches, v. 15. 22.

Ver. 22. Grave, full of stores, or the place where they may repose. H.

Ver. 23. To. Why is life given to? &c. The uncertainty whether a man be worthy of love or hatred, (EcclI. ix. 1.) and whether he will persevere to the end, is what fills Job with distress; though we must trust that God will suffer none to be tempted above their strength. 1 Cor. x. 13. --- He finds himself surrounded with precipices, and in the dark. C. --- So God often tries this faithful servants. D.

Ver. 24. Sigh, through difficulty of swallowing, (Pineda) or sense of misery. H.

Ver. 25. Fear. In prosperity he feared the assaults of pride. Now he is in danger of yielding to impatience and despair. C.

Ver. 26. Dissembled my sufferings, making no complaint, not only during the seven days that his friends had been with him, but long before. Heb. and Sept. "I was not in safety, nor at rest; neither was I indolent: (H. in the administration of affairs. C.) yet trouble came." H. --- I have enjoyed no peace, since the wrath of the Lord has found me. C. --- In such a situation, Job might well beg to be delivered, (H.) and to pray that those things which obstructed his repose in God might be removed; considering them not so much as the works of God, as the effects of sin. Pineda. W. - In this light he cursed his birth-day, and will no longer look upon it as a joyful and happy day. D.

#book of job

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steenpaal · 5 years

Text

Arches of the foot - Wikipedia

The arches of the foot, formed by the tarsal and metatarsal bones, strengthened by ligaments and tendons, allow the foot to support the weight of the body in the erect posture with the least weight.

They are categorized as longitudinal and transverse arches.

Structure

Longitudinal arches

The longitudinal arches of the foot can be divided into medial and lateral arches.[1]

Medial arch

The medial arch is higher than the lateral longitudinal arch. It is made up by the calcaneus, the talus, the navicular, the three cuneiforms (medial, intermediate, and lateral), and the first, second, and third metatarsals.[1]

Its summit is at the superior articular surface of the talus, and its two extremities or piers, on which it rests in standing, are the tuberosity on the plantar surface of the calcaneus posteriorly and the heads of the first, second, and third metatarsal bones anteriorly. The chief characteristic of this arch is its elasticity, due to its height and to the number of small joints between its component parts.[1]

Its weakest part (i.e., the part most liable to yield from overpressure) is the joint between the talus and navicular, but this portion is braced by the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament a.k.a. spring ligament, which is elastic and is thus able to quickly restore the arch to its original condition when the disturbing force is removed. The ligament is strengthened medially by blending with the deltoid ligament of the ankle joint, and is supported inferiorly by the tendon of the Tibialis posterior, which is spread out in a fanshaped insertion and prevents undue tension of the ligament or such an amount of stretching as would permanently elongate it. [1]

The arch is further supported by the plantar aponeurosis, by the small muscles in the sole of the foot (short muscles of the big toe), by the tendons of the Tibialis anterior and posterior and Peronæus longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and by the ligaments of all the articulations involved.[1]

Lateral arch

The lateral arch is composed of the calcaneus, the cuboid, and the fourth and fifth metatarsals.[1]

Two notable features of this arch are its solidity and its slight elevation. Two strong ligaments, the long plantar and the plantar calcaneocuboid, together with the Extensor tendons and the short muscles of the little toe, preserve its integrity. [1]

Fundamental longitudinal arch

While these medial and lateral arches may be readily demonstrated as the component antero-posterior arches of the foot, the fundamental longitudinal arch is contributed to by both, and consists of the calcaneus, cuboid, third cuneiform, and third metatarsal: all the other bones of the foot may be removed without destroying this arch. [1]

Transversal arch

In addition to the longitudinal arches the foot presents a series of transverse arches.[1]

At the posterior part of the metatarsus and the anterior part of the tarsus the arches are complete, but in the middle of the tarsus they present more the characters of half-domes, the concavities of which are directed downward and medialward, so that when the medial borders of the feet are placed in apposition a complete tarsal dome is formed. The transverse arch is composed of the three cuneiforms, the cuboid, and the five metatarsal bases. The transverse arch is strengthened by the interosseous, plantar, and dorsal ligaments, by the short muscles of the first and fifth toes (especially the transverse head of the Adductor hallucis), and by the Peronæus longus, whose tendon stretches across between the piers of the arches. [1]

Function

The medial longitudinal arch in particular creates a space for soft tissues with elastic properties, which act as springs, particularly the thick plantar aponeurosis, passing from the heel to the toes. Because of their elastic properties, these soft tissues can spread ground contact reaction forces over a longer time period, and thus reduce the risk of musculoskeletal wear or damage, and they can also store the energy of these forces, returning it at the next step and thus reducing the cost of walking and, particularly, running, where vertical forces are higher.[2]

Clinical significance

The anatomy and shape of a person’s longitudinal and transverse arch can dictate the types of injuries to which that person is susceptible. The height of a person’s arch is determined by the height of the navicular bone. Collapse of the longitudinal arches results in what is known as flat feet. A person with a low longitudinal arch, or flat feet will likely stand and walk with their feet in a pronated position, where the foot everts or rolls inward. This makes the person susceptible to heel pain, arch pain and plantar fasciitis.[3] Flat footed people may also have more difficulty performing exercises that require supporting their weight on their toes.

People who have high longitudinal arches or a cavus foot[4] tend to walk and stand with their feet in a supinated position where the foot inverts or rolls outward. High arches can also cause plantar fasciitis as they cause the plantar fascia to be stretched away from the calcaneus or heel bone. Additionally, high or low arches can increase the risk of shin splints as the anterior tibialis must work harder to keep the foot from slapping the ground.[5]

Other animals

The non-human apes (the gibbons, mountain and lowland gorillas, orangutan, chimpanzee and bonobo) tend to walk on the lateral side of the foot, that is with an 'inverted' foot,[6] which may reflect a basic adaptation to walking on branches. It is often held that their feet lack longitudinal arches, but footprints made by bipedally walking apes, which must directly or indirectly reflect the pressure they exert to support and propel themselves [7][8] do suggest that they exert lower foot pressure under the medial part of their midfoot.

However, human feet, and the human medial longitudinal arch, differ in that the anterior part of the foot is medially twisted on the posterior part of the foot,[9] so that all the toes may contact the ground at the same time, and the twisting is so marked that the most medial toe, the big toe or hallux, (in some individuals the second toe) tends to exert the greatest propulsive force in walking and running. This gives the human foot an 'everted' or relatively outward-facing appearance compared to that of other apes. The strong twisting of the anterior part of the human foot on the posterior part tends to increase the height of the medial longitudinal arch. However, there is now considerable evidence that shoe-wearing also accentuates the height of the medial longitudinal arch [10] and that the height of the medial longitudinal arch also differs very considerably between individuals and at different speeds.[11]

It is not yet agreed to what extent the early human ancestor Australopithecus afarensis, (3.75 million years ago onwards) had acquired a functionally human-like foot,[6] but the medial twist of the forefoot evident in fossil footbones of this species, and in the Laetoli footprint trail in Tanzania generally attributed to this species, certainly appears less marked than is evident in fossil footbones of Homo erectus (sometimes called Homo georgicus) from Dmanisi, Georgia (c. 1. 8 million years ago) [12] and the roughly contemporaneous fossil footprint trail at Ileret, Kenya attributed to Homo erectus ergaster.[13]

See also

References

^ a b c d e f g h i j Gray, Henry (1918). "7j. Arches of the Foot". Anatomy of the Human Body. Bartleby.com. ISBN 0-8121-0644-X. Archived from the original on 2009-06-29.

^ Ker, R. F.; Bennett, M. B.; Bibby, S. R.; Kester, R. C.; Alexander, R. M. (1987). "The spring in the arch of the human foot". Nature. 325 (7000): 147–49. Bibcode:1987Natur.325..147K. doi:10.1038/325147a0. PMID 3808070.

^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-12-11. Retrieved 2013-12-12.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)

^ "Cavus Foot (High-Arched Foot) - Foot Health Facts". www.foothealthfacts.org. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2018.

^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-12-06. Retrieved 2013-12-12.CS1 maint: Archived copy as title (link)

^ a b Harcourt-Smith, W. E. H.; Aiello, L. C. (2004). "Fossils, feet and the evolution of human bipedal locomotion". Journal of Anatomy. 204 (5): 403–16. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00296.x. PMC 1571304. PMID 15198703.

^ Allen, J. R. L. (1997). "Subfossil mammalian tracks (Flandrian) in the Severn Estuary, S. W. Britain: mechanics of formation, preservation and distribution". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 352: 481–518. doi:10.1098/rstb.1997.0035. PMC 1691943.

^ D'Août, K.; Meert, L.; Van Gheluwe, B.; De Clercq, D.; Aerts, P. (2009). "Experimentally generated footprints in sand: Analysis and consequences for the interpretation of fossil and forensic footprints". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 141: NA. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21169. PMID 19927372.

^ MacConaill, M. A. (1944–1945). "The Postural Mechanism of the Human Foot". Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. Royal Irish Academy. 50B: 265–78. JSTOR 20490838.

^ D'aout, K.; Pataky, T. C.; De Clercq, D.; Aerts, P. (2009). "The effects of habitual footwear use: foot shape and function in native barefoot walkers". Footwear Science. 1: 81–94. doi:10.1080/19424280903386411.

^ Pataky TC, Caravaggi P, Savage R, et al. (1987). "New insights into the plantar pressure correlates of walking speed using pedobarographic statistical parametric mapping (pSPM)". Journal of Biomechanics. 41 (9): 1987–94. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.03.034. PMID 18501364.

^ Pontzer, H.; Rolian, C.; Rightmire, G. P.; Jashashvili, T.; Ponce de León, M. S.; Lordkipanidze, D.; Zollikofer, C. P. E. (2010). "Locomotor anatomy and biomechanics of the Dmanisi hominins" (PDF). Journal of Human Evolution. 58 (6): 492–504. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.006. PMID 20447679.[permanent dead link]

^ Bennett, M. R.; Harris, J. W. K.; Richmond, B. G.; Braun, D. R.; Mbua, E.; Kiura, P.; Olago, D.; Kibunjia, M.; Omuombo, C.; Behrensmeyer, A. K.; Huddart, D.; Gonzalez, S. (2009). "Early Hominin Foot Morphology Based on 1.5-Million-Year-Old Footprints from Ileret, Kenya". Science. 323 (5918): 1197–1201. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1197B. doi:10.1126/science.1168132. PMID 19251625.

Bibliography

Allen. "Subfossil mammalian tracks (Flandrian) in the Severn estuary, S.W. Britain: mechanics of formation, preservation and distribution,". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 352: 181. doi:10.1098/rstb.1997.0035. PMC 1691943.

Bennett; et al. (February 2009). "Early Hominin Foot Morphology Based on 1.5-Million-Year-Old Footprints from Ileret, Kenya,". Science. 323: 1197–1201. Bibcode:2009Sci...323.1197B. doi:10.1126/science.1168132. PMID 19251625.

D'Août; et al. "Experimentally Generated Footprints in Sand: Analysis and Consequences for the Interpretation of Fossil and Forensic Footprints,". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 141: 515. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21169. PMID 19927372.

D'Août; et al. "The effects of habitual footwear use:foot shape and function in native barefoot walkers,". Footwear Science. 1: 81–94. doi:10.1080/19424280903386411.

Harcourt-Smith; Aiello (May 2004). "Fossils, feet and the evolution of human bipedal locomotion,". Journal of Anatomy. 204: 403–416. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00296.x. PMC 1571304. PMID 15198703.

Ker; et al. "The spring in the arch of the human foot,". Nature. 325: 46.

Mac Conaill. "The postural mechanism of the human foot,". Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 50B: 265.

Pontzer; et al. (June 2010). "Locomotor anatomy and biomechanics of the Dmanisi hominins,". Journal of Human Evolution. 58: 492–504. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.006. PMID 20447679.

Pataky; et al. (2008). "New insights into the plantar pressure correlates of walking speed using pedobarographic statistical parametric mapping (pSPM),". Journal of Biomechanics. 41: 1987–1994. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.03.034. PMID 18501364.

Pontzer; et al. (June 2010). "Locomotor anatomy and biomechanics of the Dmanisi hominins,". Journal of Human Evolution. 58: 492–504. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.03.006. PMID 20447679.

External links

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thomas-woodward-blog1 · 5 years

Text

Open Project

Section 2 script finalised

time is an illusion

time is one of the seven fundamental physical quantities' in both the international system of units and the international system of quantities.

daylight saving was a joke, Benjamin Franklin purposed that people waking up on a brighter summer morning so they would work long thus saving candles, it was then introduced in the UK in 1917, then it spread around the world.

the Department of Energy estimates that electricity demands drop around 0.5 percent during day light savings, this is the equivalent of nearly 3 million barrels of oil.

tidal frictions from the sun and moon slow down the planet and increase the lengths of the days by 3 milliseconds per century

this means the dinosaurs days was just 23 hours long

in 1972 a network of atomic clocks in more than 50 countries was made the final authority of the time.

the earth's rotation is slowing, making the 24 hour day slightly off. in order to compensate, the international earth rotation service adds one second to the clock to keep things regular. the most recent second was added on December 31st, 2016

the worlds most accurate clock is in Colorado.

until the 1800s, every village lived in its own little time zone, with clocks synchronised to the local solar noon.

Railway time required clocks in different places, this might of inspired Einstein to develop the theory of Relativity, which unifies space and time.

Einstein showed that gravity makes time run more slowly, thus aeroplane passengers flying where earth pull is weaker, age a few extra nanoseconds each flight.

Einstein's theory of relativity states that the closer one is to earth the slower time goes, a year passes by 15 microseconds faster at the top of Mount Everest than it does at sea level.

there is no such thing as 'now', according to Einstein,'the distinction between past and present and the future is only an illusion, however persistent' this is because space and time are fluid and are effected by gravity and speed.

According to quantum theory, the shortest moment of time that can exist is known as Planck time, or

1 second

Planck Time is the smallest standard of scientific measurement of time, it takes about five

hundred

and fifty

thousand

trillion

Planck times to blink a single time

Prior to the invention of atomic clocks, a second was measured as 9,192,631,770 oscillations of a caesium

time hasn't been around forever, most scientists believe it was created along with the rest of the universe in the big bang, 13.7 billion years ago.

a galaxy called Z8_GND_5296 is the oldest object in the known universe. it is estimated to be 13.1 billion years old, which is about 700 million years younger than the universe itself.

despite what we have been taught, a day isn't a full 24 hour long. it actually takes 23 hours 56 minutes and 4.2 seconds for a full rotation of the earth

it takes 24 hours from sunrise to sunrise because each day the earth moves further away in its orbit around the sun, thus lengthening the days

According to a psychological study, the old adage “time flies when you’re having fun” isn’t quite true. In fact, it’s just the opposite. When people were listening to music they enjoyed, time seemed to pass more slowly. This could be because people pay more attention to the things they like, which slows their perception of time.

There are 31,556,926 seconds in a year.

it takes 4 Minutes 34 seconds to boil a kettle with 1.7 litres of room temperature water with the power of 800 wats

it takes 3 minutes to boil an egg that has the consistency to be classed as a ‘runny egg’ (imply a gesture)

in a BMW 1 series with a 1.6-litre engine, it takes 11.8 seconds to get to 60Mph

For the average human, it takes 15 minutes to walk 1 mile with a speed of 3 1/2 Mph

It takes 37 minutes to travel 36 miles by train to Liverpool lime street station from Crewe station by the virgin trains service

It takes 47 minutes to travel 36 miles by train to Liverpool lime street station from Crewe station by the north-western train service

It takes 8 hours to fly to New York from Manchester airport

It takes 7 hours 10 minutes to fly to Dubai from Manchester airport

It takes 21 seconds to sing the alphabet song

The longest Mexican wave lasted 17 minutes 14 seconds

365 days is 8760 hours

The slowest animal on earth is the two-toed sloth with a maximum speed of 0.003 Mph

0 notes

aion-rsa · 7 years

Text

Dark Horse Comics’ April 2017 Solicitations

Dark Horse has provided CBR News with covers and solicit information for products shipping April, 2017. When you’re through checking out these solicitations, be sure to visit CBR’s Indie Comics Forum and discuss these Dark Horse releases with fellow readers.

Dark Horse Solicitations – Last Six Months

Product shipping March 2017

Product shipping February 2017

Product shipping January 2017

Product shipping December 2016

Product shipping November 2016

Product shipping October 2016

Abe Sapien Volume 9: Lost Lives and Other Stories TP

Mike Mignola (W), Scott Allie (W), John Arcudi (W), Michael Avon Oeming (A), Mark Nelson (A), Kevin Nowlan (A), Alise Gluškova (A), Santiago Caruso (A), Dave Stewart (C), Juan Ferreyra (A/C), Eduardo Ferreyra (A/C), and Sebastián Fiumara (Cover)

On sale June 7 • FC, 152 pages • $19.99 • TP, 7” x 10”

These six stories trace the history and prehistory of Abe Sapien’s adventures, from his earliest days in the Bureau with Hellboy (as drawn by Kevin Nowlan) through the frog war, featuring an appearance by deceased homunculus Roger, to his current evolved form, when he’s looking back on his life as a man in 1850s England.

Collects the Abe Sapien one-shots #8, #15, #23, #27, and #30 and “Abe Sapien: Subconscious” from Dark Horse Presents (volume 3) #11.

The Adventures of Superhero Girl (Expanded Edition) HC

EISNER AWARD WINNER FOR BEST PUBLICATION FOR KIDS!

Faith Erin Hicks (W/A/Cover) and Cris Peter (C)

On sale June 14 • FC, 128 pages • $16.99 • HC, 10” x 7”

What if you can leap tall buildings and defeat alien monsters with your bare hands, but you buy your capes at secondhand stores and have a weakness for kittens? Cartoonist Faith Erin Hicks brings charming humor to the trials and tribulations of a young female superhero, battling monsters both supernatural and mundane in an all-too-ordinary world.

The expanded edition collects the original comic, two new stories, and new art from creators including Tyler Crook, Ron Chan, Jake Wyatt, Paulina Ganucheau, and more!

Foreword by Kurt Busiek!

Aliens: Dead Orbit #1 (of 4)

JAMES STOKOE’S ALIENS!

James Stokoe (W/A/Cover) and Geof Darrow (Variant cover)

On sale Apr 26 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Miniseries

After a horrific accident strikes a space station, an engineering officer must use all available tools—a timer, utility kit, and his wits—to survive an attack from the deadliest creature known to man.

Orc Stain creator James Stokoe pens a thrilling and claustrophobic Aliens story: Dead Orbit!

On sale on Alien Day: 4/26/17!

GEOF DARROW VARIANT!

Aliens: Defiance #12

Brian Wood (W), Stephen Thompson (A), Dan Jackson (C), and Stephanie Hans (Cover)

On sale May 31 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Ongoing

After her return to Earth, Zula Hendricks fully expects to answer for her defiance. But instead of military tribunals, what she experiences is a chilling look into the future of warfare, courtesy of Weyland-Yutani’s R&D labs. Her mission may not be over just yet.

“Defiance . . . has the potential to be the new benchmark. Go get it.”—Hulking Reviewer

American Gods: Shadows #2

Neil Gaiman’s acclaimed story now in comics!

Neil Gaiman (W), P. Craig Russell (W/A), Scott Hampton (A/C), Glenn Fabry (Cover), and David Mack (Variant cover)

On sale Apr 12 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Ongoing

Fresh out of jail, Shadow Moon finds himself recruited as a bodyguard for the enigmatic Mr. Wednesday, only to be interrupted and kidnapped by the dangerous Technical Boy, who wants answers as to Wednesday’s plans.

The Hugo, Bram Stoker, Locus, World Fantasy, and Nebula award–winning novel and upcoming Starz television series by Neil Gaiman is adapted as a comic series for the first time!

A Starz TV show by Bryan Fuller (NBC’s Hannibal) based on the novel will debut this spring.

“The American Gods comic is going to be an astonishing, faithful, and beautiful adaptation.”—Neil Gaiman

Angel Season 11 #4

Corinna Bechko (W), Geraldo Borges (A), Michelle Madsen (C), Scott Fischer (Cover), and Jeff Dekal (Variant cover)

On sale Apr 19 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Ongoing

Angel is caught facing an unrelenting Illyria of the past, an unrelenting Illyria of the future, and an impending volcanic eruption. For him to save an entire race of demons, satisfy both Illyrias, and get himself and Fred back to the future, he will have to convince at least one of the goddesses to trust someone other than themselves—specifically, him!

First-arc finale of Angel Season 11!

The Art of Prey HC

Prey returns!

On sale June 27 • FC, 184 pages • $39.99 • HC, 9” x 12”

A dark force is tormenting Talos I, and survival depends as much on wit as strength. Now, journey alongside Morgan Yu to discover the mysteries within Prey. Arkane Studios and Dark Horse Books are proud to present a comprehensive collection of art from the development of this long-awaited and hotly anticipated game!

The Art of Splatoon HC

THE MOST AMAZE-INK ART BOOK!

Nintendo (W/A)

On sale June 13 • FC, 320 pages • $39.99 • HC, 8 1/2″ x 12”

The Art of Splatoon contains 320 inkredible pages of artwork from Nintendo’s splash-hit video game, including 2D and 3D illustrations of your favorite characters, maps, concept art, weapon and gear design, storyboards, sketches, hand-drawn comics . . . and that’s only an inkling of what’s inside. We’re not squidding around: this is a must-have for all fans of Splatoon!

Character illustrations!

Concept art!

Featuring artwork from Nintendo’s hit game!

Baltimore: The Red Kingdom #3 (of 5)

Mike Mignola (W), Christopher Golden (W), Peter Bergting (A), Michelle Madsen (C), and Ben Stenbeck (Cover)

On sale Apr 5 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Miniseries

Baltimore’s team fight their way into the Vatican as the Red King prepares for his coronation day.

“The writing is a good old fashioned slay-em-dead story.”—Comic Attack

Black Hammer #8

BRAND-NEW STORY ARC!

Jeff Lemire (W/Variant cover), Dean Ormston (A/Cover), and Dave Stewart (C)

On sale Apr 19 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Ongoing

There’s something unusual about the sleepy farming community of Rockwood: it’s now the home of Spiral City’s mysteriously vanished superheroes. But not by choice: they were banished to the town after a battle with the Anti-God, and now they’re stuck within its boundaries. Lately, a new arrival in town has started asking questions, and she’s discovering that its superpowered residents aren’t the only strange thing about Rockwood . . .

Voted one of the best comics of 2016 by IGN!

Buffy the Vampire Slayer Season 11 #6

Christos Gage (W), Rebekah Isaacs (A/Variant cover), Dan Jackson (C), and Steve Morris (Cover)

On sale Apr 19 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Ongoing

Life in the Safe Zone internment camp is not improving, and Buffy’s status as a peacekeeper has made her a target of the other inmates—but just what are they afraid she might do? Perhaps discover something more sinister going on within the Safe Zone’s impenetrable walls? Stakes are raised in Season 11!

Buffy: The High School Years—Parental Parasite TP

Kel McDonald (W), Yishan Li (A), and Scott Fischer (Cover)

On sale June 28 • FC, 80 pages • $10.99 • TP, 6” x 9”

Buffy struggles to deal with her mom Joyce’s newfound interest in spending time with her. Balancing that with her schoolwork, her friends, and her regular vampire-slaying duties is a challenge. However, when Joyce becomes hypnotized by a childlike demon that craves motherly care, Buffy experiences a new kind of sibling rivalry—except in Buffy’s case, her “sibling” is actually a monster!

Writer Kel McDonald (Misfits of Avalon, Sorcery 101, Angel & Faith), and artist Yishan Li return to Buffy!

Set during Season 1 of the television series.

Call of Duty: Zombies #4 (of 6)

Justin Jordan (W), Jonathan Wayshak (A), Dan Jackson (C), and Simon Bisley (Cover)

On sale Apr 19 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Miniseries

Waves of zombies just keep coming—first in the Call of Duty®: Zombies games, and now from Dark Horse Comics!

Marlton, Misty, Russman, and Stuhlinger think they’ve found a moment’s peace, but the approaching horde of zombies is about to destroy that. Faced with the decision of fight or flight, the crew argues and splits up. When Maxis’s emergency security measures are activated, will it be every man for himself?

Dark Horse Presents #33

Ron Randall (W/A), Carla Speed McNeil (W/A), Ryan Browne (W/A), Jim Alexander (W), Shannon Wheeler (W/A/Cover), Paul Levitz (W), Will Pickering (A), Fin Campbell (A), and Tim Hamilton (A)

On sale Apr 19 • FC, 48 pages • $4.99 • Ongoing

Mercy St. Clair returns to DHP this month with Ron Randall’s Trekker: The Volstock Payoff! Paul Levitz and Tim Hamilton’s Brooklyn Blood concludes! Plus, Ryan Browne contributes the hilarious one-shot There’s a Gorilla on the Cover! Carla Speed McNeil’s Finder, Jim Alexander and Will Pickering’s Savant, and Shannon Wheeler’s Too Much Coffee Man round out this issue.

Comics’ premier Anthology!

Dead Inside #5 (of 5)

John Arcudi (W), Toni Fejzula (A), André May (C), and Dave Johnson (Cover)

On sale Apr 19 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Miniseries

What started as a simple murder investigation ended in a prison riot. But it’s not quite over yet—Detective Caruso is betting that if she can get a little closer to the case, she’ll be able to find the missing piece that pulls it all together. But in this case, getting closer means hostage negotiation with an armed convict.

“An intriguing set-up to a compelling mystery, well-executed by the consistently great John Arcudi. And with fantastic-looking art to boot!”—John Layman (Chew)

Dept. H #13

Matt Kindt (W/A/Cover) and Sharlene Kindt (C)

On sale Apr 19 • FC, 28 pages • $3.99 • Ongoing

The love of Mia’s life, Alain, is desperately trying to maintain contact with her and the rest of the surviving crew trapped in the Dept. H base. With six miles of ocean between him and the woman he loves, will he be able to help her fight bloodthirsty sea creatures, including psychic jellyfish?

“Dept. H by Matt Kindt is my new fave comic, an underwater sci-fi whodunnit from Dark Horse Comics. Total, total genius!”—Mark Millar (Reborn)

The EC Archives: Crime SuspenStories Volume 3 HC

Various (W/A)

On sale June 14 • FC, 216 pages • $49.99 • HC, 8 3/16” x 11”

Jolting tales of criminals, capers, and tension! Collecting issues #13–#18 of Crime SuspenStories from the twisted artistic talents of Al Feldstein, Johnny Craig, Bill Gaines, Jack Kamen, Sid Check, Al Williamson, Fred Peters, Graham Ingels, George Evans, Joe Orlando, and more. Featuring a foreword by David Del Valle.

ElfQuest: The Final Quest Volume 3 TP

Wendy Pini (W/A/Cover), Richard Pini (W), and Sonny Strait (C)

On sale June 28 • FC, 136 pages • $17.99 • TP, 7” x 10”

The late Angrif Djun’s destructive fleet looms closer, seeking to wreak havoc on the elves and any humans that stand in their defense. Rayek, influenced by the dark, dangerous spirit of Winnowill, fights for control of his very nature. And the Wolfriders try to track down their chief, whose own spirit hangs in the balance.

Collects issues #13-#18.

Empowered and the Soldier of Love #3 (of 3)

Adam Warren (W) and Karla Diaz (A/Cover)

On sale Apr 26 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Miniseries

As the very fabric of reality itself unravels around them in a frighteningly literal “storm of burning passion,” can a desperate Empowered and Ninjette stop the embittered, disillusioned, and out-of-control Soldier of Love from using her supercharged “magical-girl” powers to eradicate the entire concept of love from their city?

2017 marks the tenth anniversary of Empowered!

Story by series creator Adam Warren!

Spectacular art by web comic superstar Karla Diaz!

Empowered Volume 10 TP

Adam Warren (W/A/Cover)

On sale June 21 • b&w, 216 pages • $19.99 • TP, 6 1/2″ x 9”

Costumed crimefighter Empowered, delighted by her long-delayed promotion to full-time membership in the Superhomeys, enjoys a suprasocial-media “victory lap.” But will her newfound satisfaction survive the challenges of obnoxious “white knights,” disturbing cryoprison visits, alarming alien medical scans and—worst of all—the revelation of a lover’s dark secret?

Over 250,000 copies sold of Empowered volumes!

“Adam Warren continues to beat the odds and persists in getting better and better with his spicy superhero romp.”—Johnny Bacardi, Popdose.com

Fate/Zero Volume 5 TP

Shinjiro (W/A/Cover)

On sale June 14 • b&w, 168 pages • $11.99 • TP, 5 1/8″ x 7 1/4″

Two desperate hunts stalk the dark woods that shroud Einzbern Castle, as Lancer and Saber confront the hideous sorcery of Caster, incarnation of the fiendish Gilles de Rais, while Irisviel follows Maiya in search of the master magician Kirei. Is mage killer Kiritsugu risking both his wife and his mistress in a cold-blooded scheme to assassinate Kirei . . . ?

Femina and Fauna: The Art of Camilla d’Errico (Second Edition) HC

Back in print!

Camilla d’Errico (W/A/Cover)

On sale June 28 • FC, 132 pages • $24.99 • HC, 8 1/2″ x 11”

Superstar artist Camilla d’Errico’s first Dark Horse art book, now back in print in an improved and updated second edition!

This revised volume features a new foreword by the creator of the Tokidoki brand, Simone Legno, a new introduction by d’Errico herself, and a selection of additional art unique to this edition. It’s a must-have for all fans of pop and fine art alike!

A new cover, a new introduction by the artist, and new artwork not seen in the first edition!

Frigates of EVE Online: The Cross Sections HC

Paul Elsy (W), Charles White (W), and Will Burns (A/Cover)

On sale June 6 • FC, 160 pages • $29.99 • HC, 9” x 12”

Featuring detailed images of twenty-eight of the most iconic ships in EVE Online, this beautifully illustrated guide offers an unprecedented look into frigates from each faction with intricate cutaways and complex lore. Dark Horse Books is proud to partner with CCP Games to present Frigates of EVE Online: The Cross Sections!

Featuring exclusive looks at the ships from EVE Online!

Game of Thrones Melisandre Figure

On sale August 16 • 8” figure • $27.99

Melisandre is a Red Priestess of Asshai and is possessed of arcane powers and a fatal beauty. She was last seen riding away from Winterfell after the Battle of the Bastards, exiled by Jon Snow. Will she return in Season 7 of HBO’s award-winning adaptation? We think so!

This highly detailed 8” figure captures the stern and determined expression of Melisandre.

Game of Thrones Magnetic Bookmark Set #3

On sale June 14 • Set of four bookmarks • $6.99

Fans following HBO’s Game of Thrones are often referring back to their books, since there are so many characters and plot lines to follow. A great way to keep it all straight is by using these brand new Dark Horse magnetic bookmarks. This third edition features newly selected lush color portraits of four favorite characters in updated costumes.

Game of Thrones 2.25” Magnets

Arryn

$4.99

Baratheon

$4.99

Bolton

$4.99

Frey

$4.99

Greyjoy

$4.99

Lannister

$4.99

Martell

$4.99

Stannis-Baratheon

$4.99

Stark

$4.99

Targaryen

$4.99

Tully

$4.99

Tyrell

$4.99

Here is an opportunity for you to enable your customers to truly show allegiance to their favorite Game of Thrones houses. Dark Horse is proud to showcase a collection of twelve individual sigil magnets, measuring 2.25”. Each is produced in full color and bold clarity and packaged individually in a polybag with backing card.

On sale Feb 22

The Goon Library Volume 5 HC

Eric Powell (W/A/Cover), John Arcudi (W), Patton Oswalt (W), Thomas Lennon (W), Mark Buckingham (A), Guy Davis (A), Bill Morrison (A), and Bill Farmer (C)

On sale June 7 • FC, 472 pages • $49.99 • HC, 8” x 12 3/16”

What’s left of the Zombie Priest’s race of witches come after the Goon, forcing him to face his nightmares or lose his town! The witch coven believe that control of Goon’s town will soon be in their grasp and his tragic soul will contribute to the curse that increases their power. But has their plot destroyed the Goon or created a monster too savage for them to withstand?

This library edition collects The Goon Volumes 13–15 and The Goon Noir.

Halo Library Edition Volume 2 HC

Duffy Boudreau (W), Sergio Ariño (P), Douglas Franchin (P/I), Ian Richardson (P), Juan Castro (I), Rob Lean (I), Denis Freitas (I), Carlos Eduardo (I), Michael Atiyeh (C), and Isaac Hannaford (Cover)

On sale June 14 • FC, 296 pages • $49.99 • HC, 9” x 12”

One of the most popular video game franchises ever receives another deluxe hardcover! In this volume, follow the UNSC Spartans as they attempt to halt Dr. Catherine Halsey and Jul ‘Mdama’s pursuit of the Janus Key—the fate of the entire galaxy depends on them! This volume collects Halo: Escalation #13–#24 and features a cover gallery, annotations, and behind-the-scenes extras!

The conclusion of Escalation in a deluxe, oversized hardcover!

Features exclusive annotations!

Includes a cover gallery and behind-the-scenes extras!

Harrow County #22

Cullen Bunn (W) and Tyler Crook (A/Cover)

On sale Apr 12 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Ongoing

When another magical force starts flexing its power in Harrow County, Emmy is surprised to learn that one of her oldest friends may be turning against her. While Emmy has been focused on dealing with threats from the outside world, perhaps a much bigger problem has been brewing at home.

“This is one of the best horror series I’ve ever read. It goes beyond the typical horror stereotypes, and brings a deeper, more sophisticated kind of terror to the audience. This is definitely a series for all horror fans.”—ComicWow!

Hatsune Miku: Acute TP

Shiori Asahina (W/A/Cover)

On sale June 7 • b&w, 172 pages • $10.99 • TP, 5 1/8” x 7 1/4″

Acute, like the three angles of a triangle. Acute, as in the three sharp points. Acute is the tragic relationship between three Vocaloids: Miku, Kaito, and Luka! Once they were all friends making songs—but while Kaito might make a duet with Miku or a duet with Luka, a love song all three of them sing together can only end in sorrow! Based on the song with over 4.4 million combined views on YouTube and Niconico.

Hellboy and the B.P.R.D.: 1954—Ghost Moon #2 (of 2)

Mike Mignola (W), Chris Roberson (W), Brian Churilla (A), Dave Stewart (C), and Mike Huddleston (Cover)

On sale Apr 12 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Miniseries

Hellboy squares off against a pair of Chinese demons while Sue psychically hunts down the source of the supernatural trouble in Hong Kong.

The Legend of Korra: Turf Wars Part One TP

The official continuation of The Legend of Korra!

Michael Dante DiMartino (W), Irene Koh (A/Cover), Jane Bak (C), Vivian Ng (C), and Heather Campbell (Cover)

On sale June 7 • FC, 80 pages • $10.99 • TP, 6” x 9”

Relishing their new relationship, Korra and Asami leave the spirit world . . . but find nothing in Republic City but political high jinks and human vs. spirit conflict!

A pompous developer plans to turn the new spirit portal into an amusement park, potentially severing an already tumultuous connection with the spirits. What’s more, the triads have realigned and are in a brutal all-out brawl at the city’s borders—where hundreds of evacuees have relocated!

Written by series cocreator Michael Dante DiMartino and drawn by Irene Koh (Secret Origins: Batgirl, Afrina and the Glass Coffin), with consultation by Bryan Konietzko, this is the official continuation of The Legend of Korra!

The Legend of Zelda: Art & Artifacts Limited Edition HC

Nintendo (W/A)

On sale Feb 21 • FC, 424 pages • $79.99 • Ltd. Ed. HC, 9” x 12”

Experience the thrill of finding and unsheathing the Master Sword with The Legend of Zelda: Art & Artifacts limited edition. The sword itself is a 3D embossed sculpt with a metallic foil finish and is printed at the size of an actual sword hilt to give the reader the satisfaction of unsheathing the realistic-looking sword from the acetate sleeve sheathe that encases the book. The cover’s background features the Lost Woods in a deep, custom-mixed purple ink with a soft-touch lamination and spot-gloss UV which is framed with metallic foil. The pages are gilded to round out the premium enhancements.

3D embossed Master Sword!

Acetate sleeve sheathe!

Gilded pages!

Metallic finish!

Contains over 400 pages of illustrations from the thirty year history of Zelda.

The Life and Times of Martha Washington in the Twenty-First Century (Second Edition) TP

FRANK MILLER! DAVE GIBBONS!

Frank Miller (W), Dave Gibbons (A/Cover), and Angus McKie (C)

On sale June 7 • FC, 600 pages • $29.99 • TP, 7” x 10”

Our story begins in the squalid corridors of a maximum-security housing project, where a young girl will rise from the war-torn streets of Chicago to battle injustice in a world insane with corruption. Her fight will take her far, from the frontlines of the second American Civil War to the cold, unforgiving reaches of space. She will be called a hero, a traitor, and nearly everything in between, but all along the way, her courage, her integrity, and her unwavering commitment to that most valuable of rights—liberty—will inspire a movement that will never surrender.

Collecting remastered versions of every Martha Washington, an extensive behind-the-scenes section, an introduction by Frank Miller, and a brand-new cover by Dave Gibbons!

Lobster Johnson: The Pirate’s Ghost #2 (of 3)

Mike Mignola (W), John Arcudi (W), and Tonci Zonjic (A/Cover)

On sale Apr 26 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Miniseries

The Lobster searches for a connection between a missing reporter and the appearance of a ghostly pirate ship.

The Once and Future Queen #2 (of 5)

Adam P. Knave (W), D.J. Kirkbride (W), and Nickolas Brokenshire (A/Cover)

On sale Apr 12 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Miniseries

Battles are fought, weapons are bestowed, and romance begins to blossom! The new queen puts together her own Round Table as Merlin reveals what set the fae war off in the first place, the King in Shadow plots the defeat of humanity, and a devious third party is revealed . . . Are they friend or foe?

Plants vs. Zombies: Battle Extravagonzo HC

A New York Times best-selling series!

Paul Tobin (W), Tim Lattie (A), Matt J. Rainwater (C), and Ron Chan (Cover)

On sale June 14 • FC, 80 pages • $9.99 • HC, 6” x 9”

A new, standalone graphic novel by Paul Tobin and Tim Lattie! Zomboss is back, hoping to buy the same factory at the center of Neighborville that his nemesis Crazy Dave is eyeing! Will Crazy Dave and his intelligent plants beat Zomboss and his zombie army to the punch? The Battle Extravagonzo is on!

The first Plants vs. Zombies original graphic novel!

Prometheus: Life and Death One-Shot

Dan Abnett (W), Brian Albert Thies (A), Rain Beredo (C), David Palumbo (Cover), and Sachin Teng (Variant cover)

On sale Apr 26 • FC, 48 pages • $5.99 • One-shot

The surviving Colonial Marines on the planet LV-223 face a final battle with an injured and enraged Engineer—and, somewhere out in space, three trapped humans seek to change the course of the Engineer’s ship . . . and possibly the history of humanity!

The final installment of the Life and Death saga!

Rebels: These Free and Independent States #2 (of 8)

Brian Wood (W), Andrea Mutti (A), Lauren Affe (C), and Matthew Taylor (Cover)

On sale Apr 26 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Miniseries

Twenty years old and already an experienced shipbuilder, John Abbott divides his time between the construction of the USS Constitution and dabbling in the raucous and sometimes violent political demonstrations happening around him. After he falls in with two abolitionists one night in Boston, things take a tragic turn.

From best-selling writer Brian Wood (The Massive, DMZ, Northlanders).

“Brian Wood has resurrected an era of American history that will satisfy the history buff and the lover of good comics alike.”—The Latest Pull

RG Veda Book 3 TP

CLAMP (W/A/Cover)

On sale June 21 • b&w, 656 pages • $24.99 • TP, 5 3/4″ x 8 1/4″

RG Veda (pronounced Rig Veda) is based on the classic Indian saga of the same name. The Six Stars have at last reached Zenmi Palace to confront the evil god-king Taishakuten. As the tyrant prepares to kill them, Kujaku reveals the sign given to those who commit the most heinous of sins. Yet greater evil still is held back only by the seal on Ashura, without which the god of destruction will emerge, unstoppable . . . and if Yasha cannot change his destiny, he must face it—in the conclusion to the epic tale!

The Shaolin Cowboy: Who’ll Stop the Reign? #1 (of 4)

Geof Darrow (W/A/Cover), Frank Miller (Variant cover), and Dave Stewart (C)

On sale Apr 19 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Miniseries

Who doesn’t like Surf and Turf? Well, what do you do when Surf and Turf doesn’t like YOU?????????

The Eisner Award–losing and winning drawing-room talkfest The Shaolin Cowboy returns and will try to answer those questions as the titular hero of the series finds that his road to hell is paved not with good intentions but old nemeses hell bent on bloody revenge . . . AGAIN!!!!

Three-time Eisner Award winner Geof Darrow returns to the series Paste called “mind blowing” and io9 called “100% amazing.”

“There’s a lot to like about The Shaolin Cowboy. It’s whacky, over-the-top, and at points laugh-out-loud funny . . . If you don’t enjoy this book, you’re already dead.”—Comic Bastards

Frank Miller variant cover!

Slayer: Repentless HC

Jon Schnepp (W), Guiu Vilanova (A), Mauricio Wallace (C), and Glenn Fabry (Cover)On sale June 28 • FC, 88 pages • $19.99 • HC, 7” x 10”

The ultimate thrash-metal juggernaut, Slayer has laid waste to stages and audiences worldwide for over thirty years, with their latest album, Repentless, furthering their brutal legacy. Based on the savage Repentless videos by BJ McDonnell, this expansion of the video story lines drives deep into the darkest heart of America, a raging road trip down a bloodstained highway, a tale of the doomed, the damned . . . and the repentless! Collects the three-issue miniseries.

Spell on Wheels TP

Kate Leth (W), Megan Levens (A), Marissa Louise (C), and Jen Bartel (Cover)

On sale June 7 • FC, 136 pages • $14.99 • TP, 7” x 10”

Three young witches head out on an East Coast road trip to retrieve their stolen belongings and track down the mysterious thief before he can do any damage to—or with—their possessions. Collects Spell on Wheels #1–#5.

Supernatural meets Buffy and The Craft!

“A lively book that focuses on the strength of relationships that also promises a fun road trip along the way.”—Multiversity Comics

Too Much Coffee Man Omnibus Plus HC

The most complete Too Much Coffee Man collection!

Shannon Wheeler (W/A/Cover)

On sale June 7 • FC, 600 pages • $29.99 • HC, 8 1/2″ x 11”

A deluxe hardcover featuring 32 new color story pages! This 600-page Omnibus Plus edition features five previously published Too Much Coffee Man books, plus an all-new color section! These semiautobiographical, hyperintellectual tales will appeal to both comic book insiders and pop culture fanatics. The most complete Too Much Coffee Man collection!

Bonus color Too Much Coffee Man adventures included!

Celebrating the work of Shannon Wheeler in a deluxe hardcover!

Tomb Raider Archives Volume 2 HC

Various (W/A)

On sale June 14 • FC, 480 pages • $39.99 • HC, 8” x 12”

In pursuit of adventure—and the world’s rarest treasures—Lara circles the globe . . . and even goes off the edge of the map. Journey along on her most memorable expeditions as she teams up with a treasure hunter from the future, faces off against Egyptian gods in the afterlife, and searches for love.

This deluxe oversized hardcover collects issues #16–#24 and #26–#34 of the 1999 Top Cow Tomb Raider series and features the art of superstar artists Adam Hughes, Michael Turner, Andy Park, Randy Green, Tony Daniel, and many more!

New writers John Ney Rieber, James Bonny, and Adam Hughes join Dan Jurgens in telling Lara’s story.

Introduction by Tomb Raider all-star Randy Green!

Usagi Yojimbo Volume 31: The Hell Screen TP

Stan Sakai (W/A/Cover)

On sale June 28 • FC, 208 pages • $17.99 • TP, 6” x 9”

In this thrilling volume, the rabbit ronin teams up with—and faces off against—a multitude of unexpected characters: destitute bandits, a renegade kappa, and a komori ninja! Then, Inspector Ishida returns to investigate a ghastly painting known only as the Hell Screen! Collects Usagi Yojimbo issues #152–#158. Foreword by Cullen Bunn (Conan, Harrow County)!

Contains the three-part story arc “The Secret of the Hell Screen”!

100% new-reader friendly!

The Visitor: How and Why He Stayed #3 (of 5)

Mike Mignola (W), Chris Roberson (W), Paul Grist (A/Cover), and Bill Crabtree (C)

On sale Apr 26 • FC, 32 pages • $3.99 • Miniseries

The resurgence of a dangerous woman believed to have been killed long ago by the BPRD leads the Visitor to a cult’s compound in the Southwest.

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