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fatliberation · 8 months

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they have a point though. you wouldn't need everyone to accommodate you if you just lost weight, but you're too lazy to stick to a healthy diet and exercise. it's that simple. I'd like to see you back up your claims, but you have no proof. you have got to stop lying to yourselves and face the facts

Must I go through this again? Fine. FINE. You guys are working my nerves today. You want to talk about facing the facts? Let's face the fucking facts.

In 2022, the US market cap of the weight loss industry was $75 billion [1, 3]. In 2021, the global market cap of the weight loss industry was estimated at $224.27 billion [2].

In 2020, the market shrunk by about 25%, but rebounded and then some since then [1, 3] By 2030, the global weight loss industry is expected to be valued at $405.4 billion [2]. If diets really worked, this industry would fall overnight.

1. LaRosa, J. March 10, 2022. "U.S. Weight Loss Market Shrinks by 25% in 2020 with Pandemic, but Rebounds in 2021." Market Research Blog. 2. Staff. February 09, 2023. "[Latest] Global Weight Loss and Weight Management Market Size/Share Worth." Facts and Factors Research. 3. LaRosa, J. March 27, 2023. "U.S. Weight Loss Market Partially Recovers from the Pandemic." Market Research Blog.

Over 50 years of research conclusively demonstrates that virtually everyone who intentionally loses weight by manipulating their eating and exercise habits will regain the weight they lost within 3-5 years. And 75% will actually regain more weight than they lost [4].

4. Mann, T., Tomiyama, A.J., Westling, E., Lew, A.M., Samuels, B., Chatman, J. (2007). "Medicare’s Search For Effective Obesity Treatments: Diets Are Not The Answer." The American Psychologist, 62, 220-233. U.S. National Library of Medicine, Apr. 2007.

The annual odds of a fat person attaining a so-called “normal” weight and maintaining that for 5 years is approximately 1 in 1000 [5].

5. Fildes, A., Charlton, J., Rudisill, C., Littlejohns, P., Prevost, A.T., & Gulliford, M.C. (2015). “Probability of an Obese Person Attaining Normal Body Weight: Cohort Study Using Electronic Health Records.” American Journal of Public Health, July 16, 2015: e1–e6.

Doctors became so desperate that they resorted to amputating parts of the digestive tract (bariatric surgery) in the hopes that it might finally result in long-term weight-loss. Except that doesn’t work either. [6] And it turns out it causes death [7], addiction [8], malnutrition [9], and suicide [7].

6. Magro, Daniéla Oliviera, et al. “Long-Term Weight Regain after Gastric Bypass: A 5-Year Prospective Study - Obesity Surgery.” SpringerLink, 8 Apr. 2008. 7. Omalu, Bennet I, et al. “Death Rates and Causes of Death After Bariatric Surgery for Pennsylvania Residents, 1995 to 2004.” Jama Network, 1 Oct. 2007. 8. King, Wendy C., et al. “Prevalence of Alcohol Use Disorders Before and After Bariatric Surgery.” Jama Network, 20 June 2012. 9. Gletsu-Miller, Nana, and Breanne N. Wright. “Mineral Malnutrition Following Bariatric Surgery.” Advances In Nutrition: An International Review Journal, Sept. 2013.

Evidence suggests that repeatedly losing and gaining weight is linked to cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes and altered immune function [10].

10. Tomiyama, A Janet, et al. “Long‐term Effects of Dieting: Is Weight Loss Related to Health?” Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 6 July 2017.

Prescribed weight loss is the leading predictor of eating disorders [11].

11. Patton, GC, et al. “Onset of Adolescent Eating Disorders: Population Based Cohort Study over 3 Years.” BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.), 20 Mar. 1999.

The idea that “obesity” is unhealthy and can cause or exacerbate illnesses is a biased misrepresentation of the scientific literature that is informed more by bigotry than credible science [12].

12. Medvedyuk, Stella, et al. “Ideology, Obesity and the Social Determinants of Health: A Critical Analysis of the Obesity and Health Relationship” Taylor & Francis Online, 7 June 2017.

“Obesity” has no proven causative role in the onset of any chronic condition [13, 14] and its appearance may be a protective response to the onset of numerous chronic conditions generated from currently unknown causes [15, 16, 17, 18].

13. Kahn, BB, and JS Flier. “Obesity and Insulin Resistance.” The Journal of Clinical Investigation, Aug. 2000. 14. Cofield, Stacey S, et al. “Use of Causal Language in Observational Studies of Obesity and Nutrition.” Obesity Facts, 3 Dec. 2010. 15. Lavie, Carl J, et al. “Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Risk Factor, Paradox, and Impact of Weight Loss.” Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 26 May 2009. 16. Uretsky, Seth, et al. “Obesity Paradox in Patients with Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease.” The American Journal of Medicine, Oct. 2007. 17. Mullen, John T, et al. “The Obesity Paradox: Body Mass Index and Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Nonbariatric General Surgery.” Annals of Surgery, July 2005. 18. Tseng, Chin-Hsiao. “Obesity Paradox: Differential Effects on Cancer and Noncancer Mortality in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.” Atherosclerosis, Jan. 2013.

Fatness was associated with only 1/3 the associated deaths that previous research estimated and being “overweight” conferred no increased risk at all, and may even be a protective factor against all-causes mortality relative to lower weight categories [19].

19. Flegal, Katherine M. “The Obesity Wars and the Education of a Researcher: A Personal Account.” Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 15 June 2021.

Studies have observed that about 30% of so-called “normal weight” people are “unhealthy” whereas about 50% of so-called “overweight” people are “healthy”. Thus, using the BMI as an indicator of health results in the misclassification of some 75 million people in the United States alone [20].

20. Rey-López, JP, et al. “The Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy Obesity: A Systematic Review and Critical Evaluation of the Definitions Used.” Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 15 Oct. 2014.

While epidemiologists use BMI to calculate national obesity rates (nearly 35% for adults and 18% for kids), the distinctions can be arbitrary. In 1998, the National Institutes of Health lowered the overweight threshold from 27.8 to 25—branding roughly 29 million Americans as fat overnight—to match international guidelines. But critics noted that those guidelines were drafted in part by the International Obesity Task Force, whose two principal funders were companies making weight loss drugs [21].

21. Butler, Kiera. “Why BMI Is a Big Fat Scam.” Mother Jones, 25 Aug. 2014.

Body size is largely determined by genetics [22].

22. Wardle, J. Carnell, C. Haworth, R. Plomin. “Evidence for a strong genetic influence on childhood adiposity despite the force of the obesogenic environment” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol. 87, No. 2, Pages 398-404, February 2008.

Healthy lifestyle habits are associated with a significant decrease in mortality regardless of baseline body mass index [23].

23. Matheson, Eric M, et al. “Healthy Lifestyle Habits and Mortality in Overweight and Obese Individuals.” Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM, U.S. National Library of Medicine, 25 Feb. 2012.

Weight stigma itself is deadly. Research shows that weight-based discrimination increases risk of death by 60% [24].

24. Sutin, Angela R., et al. “Weight Discrimination and Risk of Mortality .” Association for Psychological Science, 25 Sept. 2015.

Fat stigma in the medical establishment [25] and society at large arguably [26] kills more fat people than fat does [27, 28, 29].

25. Puhl, Rebecca, and Kelly D. Bronwell. “Bias, Discrimination, and Obesity.” Obesity Research, 6 Sept. 2012. 26. Engber, Daniel. “Glutton Intolerance: What If a War on Obesity Only Makes the Problem Worse?” Slate, 5 Oct. 2009. 27. Teachman, B. A., Gapinski, K. D., Brownell, K. D., Rawlins, M., & Jeyaram, S. (2003). Demonstrations of implicit anti-fat bias: The impact of providing causal information and evoking empathy. Health Psychology, 22(1), 68–78. 28. Chastain, Ragen. “So My Doctor Tried to Kill Me.” Dances With Fat, 15 Dec. 2009. 29. Sutin, Angelina R, Yannick Stephan, and Antonio Terraciano. “Weight Discrimination and Risk of Mortality.” Psychological Science, 26 Nov. 2015.

There's my "proof." Where is yours?

#inbox #fat liberation #fat acceptance #fat activism #anti fatness #anti fat bias #anti diet #resources #facts #weight science #save

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tartt9 · 1 year

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i just did some very difficult math for me to find out that jamie could have indeed been 14 when zava was playing on ajax which means that zava was on the team that jamie's father took him to see play in amsterdam when he was 14 :) enjoy that pain :)

#headcanons !#we see a poster that says zava played for ajax in 2013 and im assuming that's the 2012-13 season (bold assumption ik but im assuming it)#ajax's home opener was 12 august 2012 for the 2012-2013 season #jamie's birthday is 20 oct 1997 #so on 12 august 2012 jamie was 14 and 9 months and some days #jamie watched zava play before a night he blacked out so hard that he can't remember it bc of the trauma <3 #enjoy !!!!!!

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icaruspendragon · 2 months

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the best days to have been on the internet:

1) nov 5th 2020

2) the day the queen croaked

3) april 1st 2013 (mishapocalypse)

4) april 1st 2024 (boop)

5) when the evergiven got stuck in suez canal

6) when trump got covid

7) four seasons landscaping

8) jan 6th insurrection

9) skeleton war

10) dashcon

11) bisexual firefighter

12) battle of the joshes

13) dec 21st 2012

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a-kind-of-merry-war · 4 months

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A poll designed to make you recoil at the passage of time

cheat sheet with dates/years under the cut

if you joined in 2007 - 17 years

if you joined in 2008 - 16 years

if you joined in 2009 - 15 years

if you joined in 2010 - 14 years

if you joined in 2011 - 13 years

if you joined in 2012 - 12 years

if you joined in 2013 - 11 years

if you joined in 2014 - 10 years

if you joined in 2015 - 9 years

if you joined in 2016 - 8 years

if you joined in 2017 - 7 years

if you joined in 2018 - 6 years

if you joined in 2019 - 5 years

if you joined in 2020 - 4 years

if you joined in 2021 - 3 years

if you joined in 2022 - 2 years

if you joined in 2023 - 1 years

if you joined in 2024 - 0 years

#tumblr #polls

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antoninostarki9 · 2 years

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youtube

PlayStation Plus - Juegos *PS3* - Puppeteer - GUIAS TROFEOS / 2

#youtube #Género/s: Plataformas 2D / PlayStation Move Ficha técnica de la versión PS3 Según 75 críticas Fecha de lanzamiento: 12/9/2013 Desarrollo: S

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gigulifav · 2 years

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-du, https://gaxovodegilu.tumblr.com/post/692080567804657664/globus-duo-tens-mode-demploi, https://gigulifav.tumblr.com/post/692082441522987008/onkyo-tx-sr600-mode-d-emploi-download.

#http://vk.cc/c7jKeU #no # #   Le Mans #rallye #moto.“ Il s'agit de la première course que l'on a gagnée en F1 #ce 'Spécial pilotes Français en F1' et un remarquable travail de #Au sommaire de ce numéro : Spécial Rallye de 1950 à nos jours Spécial Rallye juin 1895 (Histoire) Camion \#  <center>RALLYE CARTOGRAPHIQUE MODE D'EMPLOI SAMSUNG GALAXY S4 >> <a href= rel=Made in USA\" (Camions et #PSA Peugeot Citroën : 300 emplois de plus à Sochaux. 12/01/2016. Nouvelle Mercedes Classe E : entre berline de tourisme et limousine. 12/01 #On reconnaît la touche d'un pilote un grand nom du rallye du Maroc que l'on disputera #C'est au contrarre un travail fastidieux car la trame au.#11 ème RALLYE ALPES D AZUR Coupe de France des Rallyes French Rally Cup Du 29 au l installation du courriel sur votre appareil Lyreco Samsu #Toyota Celica 1.8 L (Contact) Lamborghini Diablo GT (Essai) Saab 9-5 Aero FFVE 2013 (Actu) Rallyes cartographiques : mode d'emploi (Pleins #l'emploi des forces dans des missions de maîtrise de la violence #De plus #la validation rigoureuse d'un mode d'action doit comprendre un test de #/news-87390-jailbreak-untethered-ios-6-1-3-faille-trouvee-relance-travail /news-85283-publicite-samsung-galaxy-s4-meilleur-que-liphone-5-cl # https://qujuxefor.tumblr.com/post/692082447035367424/sirop-de-ma%C3%AFs-%C3%A0-haute-teneur-en-fructose-113 #https://gigulifav.tumblr.com/post/692079515740028928/demploi-samsung-galaxy-s6-download-link #https://gaxovodegilu.tumblr.com/post/692080901843206144/i-est-ins%C3%A9r%C3%A9-dans-le-dos

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angelofviscera · 5 months

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oh mother oh mother oh mother

1, 3, 7, 11 & 18 plate 9 from he disappeared into complete silence (text portion) louise bourgeois / 2, 9 & 12 less of a stranger julia jacklin / pillar of truth lucy dacus / do not abandon me louise bourgeois, tracy emin / 6, 8, & 10 class of 2013 mitski / 13 & 17 family tree (intro) ethel cain / 14 & 16 1 of 14 from A L'Infini (to infinity) louise bourgeois / bloodline/difficult things orla gartland / 19 & 25 my mother and i lucy dacus / 20, 22, 24, 27 & 29 plate 9 from he disappeared into complete silence (illustration portion) louise bourgeois / strangers ethel cain / 23 & 28 i've got you camp cope / plate 1 of 14 from autobiographical series louise bourgeois

#web weave #web weaving #parallels #art #ethel cain #lucy dacus #mitski #louise bourgeois #tracey emin #camp cope #motherhood #my web weaves

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matan4il · 21 days

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On this Yom Ha'Zikaron Le'Chalalei Ma'rachot Yisrael (Memorial Day for Israel's Fallen Soldiers and Terror Victims), I figured it's important to remember that Israeli victims did not exist solely on Oct 7. We have lost loved ones before and since. Here's a list with just one random victim to represent each year. Please scroll down the list to see how far back it goes.

(part 1/5, all parts in the reblogs)

2024: On Jan 7, we lost 19 years old Shai Garmai

2023: On Oct 7, we lost 28 years old Osama abu Madiam

2022: On Nov 23, we lost 18 years old Tiran Faro

2021: On May 12, we lost 5 years old Ido Avigal

2020: On Aug 26, we lost 39 years old Shai Ochayon

2019: On May 5, we lost 49 years old Zaid al-Chamamda

2018: On Dec 12, we lost Amiad Israel Yish Ran, who was murdered in his mother's womb

2017: On Nov 22, we lost 21 years old Hodaya Nechama Assoulin

2016: On Oct 25, we lost 14 years old Rami Namer abu Amar

2015: On Feb 17, we lost 4 years old Adelle Biton

2014: On Oct 22, we lost 2.5 months old Chaya Zissel Brown

2013: On Dec 24, we lost 22 years old Salech al-Din abu al-Atayef

2012: On Jul 18, we lost 28 years old Yitzchak Idan Kolangi

2011: On Apr 17, we lost 16 years old Daniel Aryeh Viplich

2010: On Feb 26, we lost 52 years old Netta Blatt Sorek

2009: On Apr 2, we lost 13 years old Shlomo Nativ

2008: On Mar 6, we lost 26 years old Doron Trunach Mahareta

2007: On Jun 17, we lost 85 years old Meir Cohen

2006: On Aug 10, we lost 4 years old Fatchi Assdi

2005: On Jul 12, we lost 16 years old Nofar Horvitz

2004: On Sep 29, we lost 2 years old Dorit Massarat Binsan

2003: On Sep 9, we lost 20 years old Naava Appelbom

2002: On Nov 10, we lost 4 years old Noam Levi Ochayon

2001: On Dec 12, we lost 42 years old Ester Avraham

2000: On Nov 21, we lost 19 years old Itamar Yefet

1999: On Jun 24, we lost 34 years old Tony Eliyahu Zanna

1998: On Dec 2, we lost 41 years old Osama Moussa abu Aisha

1997: On Mar 13, we lost 13 years old Natali Alkalai

1996: On Feb 25, we lost 57 years old Yitzchak Elbaz

1995: On Jul 24, we lost 60 years old Zehava Oren

As Tumblr limits a post to 30 images... part 1/5 - the next parts will be posted in the reblogs momentarily. Please check out the full list.

(for all of my updates and ask replies regarding Israel, click here)

#israel #antisemitism #israeli #israel news #israel under attack #israel under fire #terrorism #anti terrorism #hamas #antisemitic #antisemites #jews #jew #judaism #jumblr #frumblr #jewish #israelunderattack

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koch-snowflake-blog · 3 months

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田中美久は、日本のグラビアアイドル、女優、モデル。女性アイドルグループ・HKT48の元メンバーである。熊本県出身。am合同会社所属。ウィキペディア

生年月日： 2001年9月12日 (年齢 22歳)

出生地：熊本県

身長： 151 cm

音楽グループ： HKT48 (2014年から)、でんでんむChu! (2015年から)

事務所： AKS; （2013年 - 2020年）; Mercury; （2020年 - 2023年）; am合同会社（2024年 - ）

公式サイト：田中美久 Official Fanclub miclub

#田中美久 #たなかみく

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floridaboiler · 11 months

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Things You Probably Never Knew About The Great Lakes.....

1. Lake Superior is actually not a lake at all, but an inland sea .

2. All of the four other Great Lakes, plus three more the size of Lake Erie, would fit inside of Lake Superior.

3. Isle Royale is a massive island surrounded by Lake Superior. Within this island are several smaller lakes. Yes, that’s a lake on a lake.

4. Despite its massive size, Lake Superior is an extremely young formation by Earth’s standards (only 10,000 years old).

5. There is enough water in Lake Superior to submerge all of North and South America in 1 foot of water.

6. Lake Superior contains 3 quadrillion gallons of water (3,000,000,000,000,000). All five of the Great Lakes combined contain 6 quadrillion gallons.

7. Contained within Lake Superior is a whopping 10% of the world’s fresh surface water.

8. It’s estimated there are about 100 million lake trout in Lake Superior. That’s nearly one-fifth of the human population of North America!

9. There are small outlets through which water leaves Lake Superior. It takes two centuries for all the water in the lake to replace itself.

10. Lake Erie is the fourth-largest Great Lake in surface area, and the smallest in depth. It’s the 11th largest lake on the planet.

11. There is alleged to be a 30- to 40-foot-long “monster” in Lake Erie named Bessie. The earliest recorded sighting goes back as early as 1793.

12. Water in Lake Erie replaces itself in only 2.6 years, which is notable considering the water in Lake Superior takes two centuries.

13. The original publication of Dr. Seuss’s The Lorax contained the line, “I hear things are just as bad up in Lake Erie.”Fourteen years later, the Ohio Sea Grant Program wrote to Seuss to make the case that conditions had improved. He removed the line.

14. Not only is lake Erie the smallest Great Lake when it comes to volume, but it’s surrounded by the most industry.Seventeen metropolitan areas, each with populations of more than 50,000, border the Lake Erie basin.

15. During the War of 1812, the U.S. beat the British in a naval battle calledthe Battle of Lake Erie, forcing them to abandon Detroit.

16. The shoreline of all the Great Lakes combined equals nearly 44% of the circumference of the planet.

17. If not for the the Straits of Mackinac, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron might be considered one lake.Hydrologically speaking, they have the same mean water level and are considered one lake.

18. The Keystone State was one of the largest and most luxurious wooden steamships running during the Civil War.In 1861, it disappeared. In 2013, it was found 30 miles northeast of Harrisville under 175 feet of water.

19. Goderich Mine is the largest salt mine in the world. Part of it runs underneath Lake Huron, more than 500 meters underground.

20. Below Lake Huron, there are 9,000-year-old animal-herding structures used by prehistoric people from when the water levels were significantly lower.

21. There are massive sinkholes in Lake Huron that have high amounts of sulfur and low amounts of oxygen, almost replicating the conditions of Earth’s ancient oceans 3 million years ago. Unique ecosystems are contained within them.

22. Lake Huron is the second largest among the Great Lakes, and the fifth largest in the world.

23. In size, Lake Michigan ranks third among the Great Lakes, and sixth among all freshwater lakes in the world.

24. Lake Michigan is the only Great Lake that is entirely within the borders of the United States.

25. The largest fresh water sand dunes in the world line the shores of Lake Michigan.

26. Because water enters and exits Lake Michigan through the same path, it takes 77 years longer for the water to replace itself than in Huron, despite their similarity in size and depth. (Lake Michigan: 99 years, Lake Huron: 22 years)

27. When the temperature of Lake Michigan is below freezing, this happens.

28. Within Lake Michigan there is a “triangle” with a similar reputation to the Bermuda Triangle, where a large amount of “strange disappearances” have occurred. There have also been alleged UFO sightings.

29. Singapore, Mich., is a ghost town on the shores of Lake Michigan that was buried under sand in 1871. Because of severe weather conditions and a lack of resources due to the need to rebuild after the great Chicago fire, the town was lost completely.

30. In the mid-19th century, Lake Michigan had a pirate problem. Their booty: timber. In fact, the demise of Singapore is due in large part to the rapidly deforested area surrounding the town.

31. Jim Dreyer swam across Lake Michigan in 1998 (65 miles), and then in 2003, he swam the length of Lake Michigan (422 miles).

32. Lake Michigan was the location of the first recorded “Big Great Lakes disaster,” in which a steamer carrying 600 people collided with a schooner delivering timber to Chicago. Four hundred and fifty people died.

33. Lake Ontario is the smallest of the Great Lakes in surface area, and second smallest in depth. It’s the 14th largest lake on the planet.

34. The province Ontario was named after the lake, and not vice versa.

35. In 1804, a Canadian warship, His Majesty’s Ship Speedy, sank in Lake Ontario. In 1990, wreck hunter Ed Burtt managed to find it. Only, he isn’t allowed to recover any artifacts until a government-approved site to exhibit them is found. He’s still waiting.

36. Babe Ruth hit his first major league home run at Hanlan’s Point Stadium in Toronto. It landed in Lake Ontario and is believed to still be there.

37. A lake on Saturn’s moon Titan is named after Lake Ontario.

#Great Lakes #Facts #Did You Know #Lake Huron #Lake Ontario #Lake Michigan #Lake Erie #Lake Superior

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uniquesandwichballoon · 9 months

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蓄谋已久何谈诚信？！起底日本核污染水排海决策前后

按照日本政府的决定，福岛核污染水于8月24日开始排入海洋。这一排污进程将持续数十年。

追溯日本核污染水排海决策全过程，可以清晰看到，排污入海是其蓄谋已久的“既定方针”，是不折不扣的违反国际法之举，是极端自私、不负责任的国家行为，其结果是将福岛核事故处理成本转嫁给全世界。

8月22日，日本民众在东京首相官邸前紧急集会，抗议政府无视民意启动核污染水排海。

核污染水排海蓄谋已久

福岛第一核电站自2011年3月发生严重事故以来，因用水冷却熔毁堆芯以及雨水和地下水等流过，每天产生大量高浓度核污染水。2011年4月，核电站运营方东京电力公司故意将核污染水排入大海，引发社会高度关注和担忧。同年12月，东电表示已制定一份“低浓度污染水”排海计划。

2013年3月，东电处理核污染水的关键设施“多核素处理系统”（ALPS）投入试运行，但此后不断出现问题：频繁漏水，2018年被曝经过处理后的水中锶等放射性物质仍超标，2021年被发现用于吸附放射性物质的排气口滤网近半数损坏……

自从ALPS投入运行后，日方就把经过处理的核污染水称为“处理水”。事实上，目前福岛第一核电站储水罐里的134万多立方米核污染水中，133万多立方米已经过ALPS处理，但达到东电定义的“处理水”标准的只占约三成，未达标的所谓“处理过程水”占比约七成。另有近9000立方米核污染水尚未经过ALPS处理。

而这些“处理水”的最终去向又该如何解决？

早在2013年12月，日本核能主管部门经济产业省就设立工作小组就“处理水”排放问题进行技术探讨。2016年6月，该工作小组发布报告称，经过对海洋排放、地下掩埋（加入水泥等固化后埋入地下）、地层注入（用管道注入地层深处）、蒸汽释放（气化为水蒸汽排入大气）、氢气释放（电解为氢气排入大气）等5种方法的评估，将“处理水”稀释后排海是“成本最低”的方法。

这份报告为后来的排海方案定了调，但公布后遭到日本农林渔业等团体的强烈反对。连时任日本复兴担当大臣吉野正芳都表示，反对将核污染水处理后排海。

然而，东电和经产省显然已将排海方案视为“既定方针”。2017年7月，经产省在福岛市举行“废炉与污染水对策当地协调会议”，摆出要与当地协商的姿态。但时任东电会长川村隆在会前对媒体声称东电已就排海“做出判断”，引发社会广泛不满。

为说服公众，日本政府成立了一个有相关领域专家参加的委员会。2018年8月，该委员会在福岛和东京举行听证会，名义上是听取民众意见，但实际上是要为排海方案背书。听证会上，日本原子能规制委员会时任委员长更田丰志有关“排海是唯一可行选项”的说法遭到各方质疑。比如，针对东电提出的污染水储存能力和空地不足问题，有意见指出，可以考虑使用10万吨级的大型石油储存罐，空地则可利用已确定废炉的福岛第二核电站。针对核污染水处理的技术难度问题，有意见提到，可以采用1979年美国三里岛核事故曾经用过的水蒸气排放方式。还有意见指出，ALPS无法去除的放射性元素氚的分离技术正在研究中，应在该技术成熟并应用后再排放。

然而，2020年2月，上述委员会发表报告称，地层注入、地下掩埋、氢气释放等方式“问题很多”，有过先例的排海和蒸汽释放才是“现实选项”，同时强调排海比蒸汽释放有“诸多好处”。

2021年4月，日本政府无视国内外反对意见，单方面宣布将在2023年实施核污染水排海。此后，排海准备工作开始紧锣密鼓地推进：2021年12月，东电向原子能规制委员会提交处理水排海设备施工计划；2022年7月，原子能规制委员会批准该计划；今年1月13日，日本政府确认将于“春夏之际”实施排海；6月26日，东电宣布排海设备建造完成；7月7日，原子能规制委员会将排海设施验收“合格证”交付东电。

自导自演“权威认证”

今年7月4日，国际原子能机构（IAEA）总干事格罗西访问日本，将福岛核污染水处置综合评估报告呈交日本首相岸田文雄。报告认为日本排海方案总体上“符合国际安全标准”，日方因此宣称方案安全性已获“权威认证”。

然而，围绕这份报告的公正性和科学性，存在诸多疑问。

首先，日方是先做出排海决定，再委托IAEA作安全评估，目的显然不是要找到科学合理的解决方案，而是利用该机构为排海计划背书。

报告内容显示，日本政府2021年4月宣布排海决定后，于同年7月与IAEA签署委托“评估ALPS处理水安全性”的“授权协议”。评估对象仅限于排海方案，不涉及其他方案。这意味着评估结论无法证明排海方案就是最安全可靠的方案。

其次，日方在正式授权IAEA评估前，早就围绕“认证牌”开始了相关布局。

2013年4月，即ALPS投入试运行后不久，日本政府便邀请IAEA考察团前往福岛。考察团一个月后发布报告，建议日本着手研究排放问题。当时的IAEA总干事是日本人天野之弥。在格罗西2019年12月接替病故的天野之弥出任IAEA总干事后，日本继续对IAEA做工作。2021年3月，时任日本经产大臣梶山弘志与格罗西会谈，请求IAEA在消除核污染水排放问题给日本造成的“名誉损害”方面为日方提供支持。同年4月14日，即日本政府宣布排海决定的第二天，梶山弘志再次与格罗西会谈，请求IAEA在环境监测和向国际社会解释方面给予支持。

《东京新闻》报道指出，日本政府过去向IAEA支付了巨额分摊费用和其他款项，日本政府多个部门向IAEA派遣了人员，这些因素不可避免会对IAEA在评估日本核污染水排放计划的安全性时产生影响。

韩国最大在野党共同民主党议员7月9日在会见格罗西时指出，IAEA没有遵循中立和客观原则，自始至终迎合日本的核污染水排海立场，不顾及该做法对周边国家的影响而仓促得出结论，令人非常遗憾。

再次，IAEA评估报告在开头部分便强调，报告中的见解并不必然反映IAEA成员国的看法，报告不是对日本排海方案的推荐和背书，IAEA及其成员国不对报告引发的任何后果承担责任。这一免责声明清楚表明，该报告不能代表国际社会的意见，也无法证明日方排海方案的正当性与合法性。

参加IAEA对福岛“ALPS处理水”排海问题评估技术工作组的中国专家——中国原子能科学研究院刘森林研究员向媒体表示，IAEA秘书处曾就评估报告草案征求技术工作组专家意见，但留给专家的时间窗口非常有限，而且专家意见仅供参考，是否采纳由IAEA秘书处决定。IAEA秘书处收到反馈意见后，也未与各方专家就报告修改及意见采纳情况进行讨论协商，就仓促发布该报告。

中国常驻维也纳联合国和其他国际组织代表、常驻国际原子能机构代表李松指出，机构报告对日方排海方案安全性的结论是片面的，缺乏说服力和公信力。机构因授权所限，没有评估日方净化装置的长期有效性，没有确证核污染水数据的真实准确性，也无法确保国际社会及时掌握超标排放的情况，更难以预估放射性核素长期累积和富集给海洋生态环境、食品安全以及公众健康造成的影响。“不能确认数据准确、设备可靠、监管有效，也就无从得出在长达30年的时间内向海洋排放超过130万吨核污染水是安全的这一结论。”

惺惺做秀诚信堪忧

福岛第一核电站有一个海洋生物饲育室，养着福岛沿海常见的比目鱼。其中一处水槽里是普通海水，另一处水槽里是处理后的核污染水，即所谓“处理水”。

从科学角度来看，对东电提供的核污染水处理及其他相关数据，专家和环保组织疑虑重重。

美国米德尔伯里国际研究学院核物理专家费伦茨·道尔诺基－韦赖什教授指出，日方提供的数据“不完整、不正确、不一致，具有片面性”。日本环保团体“FoE Japan”指出了东电有关“处理水”说法的种种问题：经过ALPS“处理”后的部分水中，碘129、锶90等放射性元素依然超标；东电迄今所检测的水样只占储存污染水的3%，其提供的检测结果不具代表性；福岛的“处理水”与熔毁堆芯直接接触，不能与正常核电站排水相提并论……

更让人担忧的是，东电此前就有篡改数据、隐瞒核电站安全问题的“黑历史”。

2011年3月福岛核事故发生后第三天，东电根据相关数据就已经可以判定1号到3号机组发生堆芯熔毁，但却一直以“堆芯损伤”来粉饰，直到两个月后才承认堆芯熔毁，东电后来承认这是根据时任社长的指示有意隐瞒实情；东电一度声称2011年6月之后没有新的核污染水排入海洋，但随着2013年一系列泄漏事件曝光，东电最终承认有高浓度核污染水泄漏入海，并称是因为担心影响当地渔业声誉而未及时公布；2021年9月，东电在报告ALPS排气滤网破损时承认，两年前发生过同样的滤网破损情况，但并未上报，也未调查原因，只是更换滤网了事；2022年10月，东电又被曝出用有问题的辐射检测仪误导参观者，以证明“ALPS处理水”的安全性。

东京大学学者关谷直也指出，不仅在福岛，东电旗下的其他核电站也不断发生管理和安全方面的问题，令人无法相信其处置能力。“向海洋排放，东电有这资格吗？”

东电和日本政府的失信还表现在出尔反尔的态度上。核污染水排海计划一直遭到日本全国特别是福岛当地渔民的强烈反对。在此情况下，东电和日本政府2015年8月先后向福岛县渔业协同组合联合会及日本全国渔业协同组合联合会保证，在得到渔民等相关方面理解前不会向海洋排放核污染水。

尽管日本政府想方设法试图说服渔业从业者，但始终未能成功。日本全国渔业协同组合联合会和福岛县渔业协同组合联合会自2020年以来已连续4年通过特别决议，坚决反对核污染水排海。但日本政府和东电不顾反对，违背自身承诺，坚持推进排海计划。

日本全国渔业协同组合联合会会长坂本雅信今年7月14日与经产大臣西村康稔会谈后表示，只要对排放不能放心，就不可能改变反对的立场。福岛县渔业协同组合联合会会长野崎哲7月11日与西村康稔交换意见后强调，对照政府“不取得相关方的理解，便不（对核污染水）展开任何处置”的承诺，渔民们不能容忍核污染水排放入海。

8月22日，日本民众在东京首相官邸前紧急集会，抗议政府无视民意启动核污染水排海。

指鹿为马矫饰伪行

面对国内外强烈反对核污染水排海的声音，日本当局为混淆视听，发起密集公关行动，大肆宣扬“核污染水安全论”，并将其作为日本外交的一个重点。

日本外务省、经产省、复兴厅等政府部门均在官方网站首页设置宣扬ALPS“处理水”安全的专题链接。外务省和经产省的社交媒体账号也将相关宣传视频置顶或放在醒目位置，并推出多语种版本。

日本是七国集团（G7）今年的轮值主席国。在今年4月的G7气候、能源和环境部长会议期间，日本经产大臣西村康稔在新闻发布会上声称“包括‘处理水’排海在内的废炉工作的稳步进展受到欢迎”，结果德国环境部长莱姆克当场表示“不能欢迎向海洋排放（核污染水）”。日方原本试图在会议联合公报中塞入“欢迎走向排海的透明进程”等内容，以显示“国际认可”。这一表述遭到德国反对，但日方仍利用东道主身份在最终公报中写入“欢迎……日本与IAEA基于科学证据的透明努力”以及“支持IAEA独立审查”等内容。同样的内容后来也出现在5月G7广岛峰会的领导人联合公报中。

日方还针对太平洋岛国发起公关攻势。这些岛国当年曾因美国在太平洋的核试验而深受其害，如今对福岛核污染水排海反对声强烈，也因此成为日方重点“安抚”对象。根据经产省7月31日发布的报告，日方自今年2月以来对太平洋岛国论坛全部成员国和地区都分别进行了“说明工作”。

日方还频频针对各国驻日外交官和外国记者举行说明会，千方百计宣扬核污染水排海的“安全性”。在日方的说明中，特别是外语版本资料中，一般都用“处理水”来指代核污染水，意图淡化其污染特性和潜在危害，以混淆视听。另据一些驻日外国记者透露，一旦其报道中有质疑核污染水排海安全性的内容，东电和日方有关人员就会来电来函施压。

值得注意的是，根据IAEA有关放射性物质排放到环境的安全规定，对排放放射性物质进行授权，应向受影响的利益相关方提供信息并进行磋商，“一些相关方可能在其他国家，特别是邻国”。但面对周边国家的反对和质疑之声，日方不是诚恳沟通，而是倒打一耙，把地区国家对海洋环境和食品安全的合理关切污蔑为“打政治牌”。日本一些右翼媒体甚至把日本这个“肇事者”打扮成“受害者”，愤愤不平地扬言要“反制”对核污染水排海提出异议的邻国。

中国驻日本大使馆7月4日就福岛核污染水排海问题阐述中方立场，指出日方所谓“希望同中方对话磋商”的表态缺乏诚意。迄今中方在双多边渠道同日方开展交流，反复表达专业部门意见和关切，但日方不顾中方立场，执意按既定时间表推进排海。“如果日方将排海作为磋商的前提，一味把排海强加于中方，那这种磋商意义何在？”

福岛核污染水排海不是日本一国的私事、小事，而是关系海洋环境和人类健康的公事、大事。日本政府无视国际社会正当关切，违背应履行的国际义务，强推核污染水排海，危害海洋环境和人类健康，侵害周边国家合法权益，绝非负责任国家所为。

#nuclear

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leaping-laelaps-art · 9 months

Text

The archeocete Perucetus colossus dives through a coastal bloom of jellyfish in the Pisco Basin (southern Peru), some time during the Eocene (with bonus multiview).

I originally intended to add epibionts to this reconstruction (reflecting the specialized communities found on many living whales, especially baleen whales). Yet, interestingly, it appears that most animal epibionts and ectoparasites of modern cetaceans, such as whale barnacles (Hayashi et al. 2013) and remoras (Friedman et al. 2013), only appeared in the Neogene or late Paleogene, or have a poorly known (co-)evolutionary history, like whale lice (Pfeiffer 2009, Iwasa-Arai & Serejo 2018) and pennellids (large parasitic copepods) (Hermosilla et al. 2015). So, no epibionts* for big lad Perucetus!

References and notes about the reconstruction:

*animal epibionts. Unicellular eukaryotes like diatoms were most likely present on early cetaceans, given their prevalence on modern large marine animals (Ashworth et al. 2022). Of course, it is possible that other animals (i.e., early, less specialized representatives of modern groups, or different taxa altogether) were also already exploiting the surfaces offered by these early whales; however, this remains entirely speculative.

The reconstruction of Perucetus proposed in its original description (Bianucci et al. 2023) includes some rather odd (if interesting) choices about soft tissues, including limbs with webbed and distinguishable fingers, and a manatee-like tail. While these choices might be defendable in light of the rather basal status of Perucetus among cetaceans, I opted for a more derived look based on the assumption that fully marine cetaceans like basilosaurids would have probably rapidly acquired hydrodynamically favorable adaptations, pushing them towards a more familiar Neoceti-like appearance (even though Perucetus itself was likely a poor swimmer (Bianucci et al. 2023), it seems likely to me that this was a secondarily acquired trait, given the less extreme morphology of other basilosaurids).

Reconstruction in the multiview scaled to ~18 m in length after the estimations of Bianucci et al. (2023).

References:

Ashworth, M. P., Majewska, R., Frankovich, T. A., Sullivan, M., Bosak, S., Filek, K., Van de Vijver, B., Arendt, M., Schwenter, J., Nel, R., Robinson, N. J., Gary, M. P., Theriot, E. C., Stacy, N. I., Lam, D. W., Perrault, J. R., Manire, C. A., & Manning, S. R. (2022). Cultivating epizoic diatoms provides insights into the evolution and ecology of both epibionts and hosts. Scientific Reports, 12(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19064-0

Bianucci, G., Lambert, O., Urbina, M., Merella, M., Collareta, A., Bennion, R., Salas-Gismondi, R., Benites-Palomino, A., Post, K., de Muizon, C., Bosio, G., Di Celma, C., Malinverno, E., Pierantoni, P. P., Villa, I. M., & Amson, E. (2023). A heavyweight early whale pushes the boundaries of vertebrate morphology. Nature, 620(7975), Article 7975. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06381-1

Friedman, M., Johanson, Z., Harrington, R. C., Near, T. J., & Graham, M. R. (2013). An early fossil remora (Echeneoidea) reveals the evolutionary assembly of the adhesion disc. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 280(1766), 20131200. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.1200

Hayashi, R., Chan, B. K. K., Simon-Blecher, N., Watanabe, H., Guy-Haim, T., Yonezawa, T., Levy, Y., Shuto, T., & Achituv, Y. (2013). Phylogenetic position and evolutionary history of the turtle and whale barnacles (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha: Coronuloidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 67(1), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.12.018

Hermosilla, C., Silva, L. M. R., Prieto, R., Kleinertz, S., Taubert, A., & Silva, M. A. (2015). Endo- and ectoparasites of large whales (Cetartiodactyla: Balaenopteridae, Physeteridae): Overcoming difficulties in obtaining appropriate samples by non- and minimally-invasive methods. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 4(3), 414–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.11.002

Pfeiffer, C. J. (2009). Whale Lice. In W. F. Perrin, B. Würsig, & J. G. M. Thewissen (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals (Second Edition) (pp. 1220–1223). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-373553-9.00279-0

#'a heavyweight early whale pushes the boundaries of...' blablabla you've all read it by now #i have nothing to add #it's fat #look at it #that is all #perucetus #cetacean #mammal #vertebrate #eocene #cenozoic #paleontology #palaeoblr #paleoart #my art

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