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cheolism · 8 months

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vernon and wonwoo in going svt episode 89 (the guest who left secretly #1) or wonu being a cutie patootie

#jeon wonwoo #wonwoo #chwe vernon #vernon #chwe hansol #svt #seventeen #going seventeen #gose #— jupiter creates gfx

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sciencespies · 5 years

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Making sense of Saturn's impossible rotation

https://sciencespies.com/space/making-sense-of-saturns-impossible-rotation/

Making sense of Saturn's impossible rotation

Saturn eclipses the Sun, as seen by the Cassini spacecraft. Credit: NASA

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Saturn may be doing a little electromagnetic shimmy and twist which has been throwing off attempts by scientists to determine how long it takes for the planet to rotate on its axis, according to a new study.

Discovering the length of a day on any planet seems like a straightforward task: Find some feature on the planet and clock it as it rotates around once. Or, if it’s a gas giant like Jupiter, which has no solid surface features, scientists can listen for periodic modulations in the intensity of radio signals created within the planet’s rotating magnetic field.

And then there is Saturn, which for decades has defied attempts to pin down out its exact rotation period. Now a new study in AGU’s Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics may have finally unveiled the gas giant’s trick for hiding its rotation, and provide the key to giving up its secret.

The new research shows how seasonal changes on Saturn may be confusing attempts by scientists to calculate its exact rotation period.

A planet’s rotation period is one of the fundamental facts about a planet, along with its size, composition, orbital period and other facts that not only describe a planet but help to explain its behavior, history and even provides clues to its formation.

Coy Saturn

Saturn emits only low-frequency radio patterns that are blocked by Earth’s atmosphere, make it difficult to study Saturn’s rotation from the Earth’s surface. In contrast, Jupiter emits radio patterns at higher frequencies that allowed radio astronomers to work out its rotation period before the space age got well under way.

It wasn’t until spacecraft were sent to Saturn that scientists were able to collect data about its rotation. Voyagers 1 and 2 sent home the first hints of Saturn’s rotation in 1980 and 1981. They detected a modulation of radio intensity that suggested the planet rotated once every 10 hours and 40 minutes.

“So that was what was called the rotation period,” said Duane Pontius of Birmingham-Southern College in Alabama and a co-author of the new study.

When the Cassini spacecraft arrived at Saturn 23 years later to study the planet for 13 years, it found something astonishing.

“In about 2004 we saw the period had changed by 6 minutes, about 1 percent,” Pontius said.

A mechanical analog model of what might be happening with the northern and southern hemispheres of Saturn’s atmosphere and magnetospheric plasma to create misleading signals of how fast the planet is rotating. The “brake” is the slowing of plasma as it flies further from the planet, in the same way a spinning dancer’s arms move slower when they are outstretched than when they are held close to the body. Credit: E. L. Brooks, et al, 2019, JGR: Space Physics

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But how does an entire planet change the speed of its rotation in 20 years? That’s the sort of change that takes hundreds of millions of years. Even more mysterious was Cassini’s detection of electromagnetic patterns that suggested the planet’s rotation is different in the northern and southern hemispheres.

“For a long time, I assumed there was something wrong with the data interpretation,” Pontius recalled. “It’s just not possible.”

Seasons of Saturn

To find out what was really going on, Pontius and his co-authors started by looking at how Saturn is different from its closest sibling, Jupiter.

“What does Saturn have that Jupiter lacks, beside the obvious rings?” Pontius asked. The answer: seasons. Saturn’s axis is tilted about 27 degrees, similar to Earth’s 23-degree tilt. Jupiter has barely any tilt at all—just 3 degrees.

The tilt means the northern and southern hemispheres of Saturn receive different amounts of radiation from the Sun depending on the season. The different doses of ultraviolet light affect the stripped-down atoms—called plasma—at the edge of Saturn’s atmosphere.

According to the model being proposed by Pontius and his colleagues, the variations in UV from summer to winter in the different hemispheres affects the plasma so that it creates more or less drag at the altitudes where it encounters the planet’s gaseous atmosphere.

That difference in drag makes the atmosphere slow down, which is what sets the period seen in the radio signals.

Change the plasma seasonally, and you change the period of the radio emissions, which is what is seen on Saturn.

The new model provides a solution to the puzzle of Saturn’s impossible changing rotation periods. It also shows that the observed periods are not the rotation period of Saturn’s core, which remains unmeasured.

Pontius presented the model earlier this year at a meeting of Saturn scientists and said it was well received. Now he hopes that other researchers will take the next step to refine the model by exploring how well it fits with 13 years of Saturn data collected by Cassini.

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Image: Night into day on Saturn’s rings

More information: E.L. Brooks et al. Saturn’s multiple, variable periodicities: A dual‐flywheel model of thermosphere‐ionosphere‐magnetosphere coupling, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (2019). DOI: 10.1029/2019JA026870

Provided by American Geophysical Union

This story is republished courtesy of AGU Blogs (http://blogs.agu.org), a community of Earth and space science blogs, hosted by the American Geophysical Union. Read the original story here.

Citation: Making sense of Saturn’s impossible rotation (2019, September 6) retrieved 7 September 2019 from https://phys.org/news/2019-09-saturn-impossible-rotation.html

This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study or research, no part may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.

#Space

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azizdosmetov · 6 years

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vimeo

Horizon // Oceans of the Solar System from mgfxstudio on Vimeo.

The oceans define the earth. They are crucial to life and we used to think that they were unique to our blue planet. But we were wrong…

Rushes were approached by long-time collaborator and friend David Stewart to create some stunning and original graphics for a new Horizon documentary that explores the existence of oceans, and therefore the possibility of life on other planets and moons in our solar system.

Asked to come up with a strong visual signature which would be used throughout the show, Rushes drew influence from old Victorian style astronomy and science books to create beautiful CG sequences that take us on a journey through the solar system, as if through the pages of a book.

Rushes were also tasked with creating two VFX shots of Jupiter’s moon Ganymede with its aurora borealis, and Saturn’s moon Enceladus with its explosive cryogeysers. Plates of real geysers were shot in Chile then composited along with digital matte paintings, mapped onto 3D geometry to give the impression of a dynamic and corporeal Enceladus landscape. In a third sequence MGFX Studio created a holographic 3D membrane structure - Azotosome. The nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen compound was built and animated in Cinema 4D based on visuals from Cornell University.

This exciting project was Rushes’ largest VFX/GFX offering for BBC Horizon to date which showcased all of our skillsets and talent.

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cheolism · 10 months

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『 S V T + ANIMAL/EMOJI REPRESENATIVES LOCKSCREENS 』

if you use/save, pls leave a like!! ^^

(these r just for fun,,,, i am no expert in graphic design so pls be gentle)

#svt #seventeen #svt wallpaper #svt lockscreen #kpop #kpop lockscreen #kpop wallpaper #— jupiter creates gfx

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cheolism · 8 months

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『 to you, the last dance / that absolutely blinding smile / if I could hold onto that, if I could just do that / our last dance and last chance / even if the whole world ends tonight / i just want to cherish what we have, our now. 』

SEVENTEEN - 今 -明日世界が終わっても- (Ima -Even if the world ends tomorrow-)

#i didn't do this for anything special #just liked the video!#thought it was v pretty #but most of their jpn videos usually are so #nothing new!!#svt #seventeen #kpop #svt gfx #seventeen gfx #— jupiter creates gfx

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cheolism · 4 months

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