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Japanese Resources
Essentials
Rikaisama - Pop-op Dictionary - based on Rikaichan Yamasa.cc - Learn Handwritten Stroke Order Anki - Spaced Repetition Software Japanese Stack Exchange - Ask Questions, Get Answers Dictionary Codes and Meaning - ex: v4k, vi Chinese and Japanese Characters Mnemonics - Stroke Orders, Lists, Study Sheets A better Japanese font for Windows web browsers Verb Conjugation Chart - gaoshukai Similar Kanji Lookup
Dictionaries
Jisho.org Tangorin - English⇆Japanese Online Dictionary Honyaku Star - Simple and Fast Dictionary | No ローマ字 | Specifically for Translators JLect - Japanese Dialect Word Search TMdict - vocabularies from games, books, anime, and other works by Type-Moon.
Kanji Alive_ Web App - Kanji Lookup, Stroke Orders, Examples, Picture Mnemonics Kanji Dictionary - 漢字辞典 Etymologies - A comprehensive, illustrated dictionary with etymologies, pictographs & definitions in English and Japanese More Eymologies - Traditional & Simplified CH/JP Oichan’s Dictionary - CN/JP/EN Dictionary Proverb Dictionary - Dutch, English, and Japanese
語源由来辞典 - Etymology Dictionary 平明四字熟語辞典 - 4-Character Idiomatic Compound Dictionary 故事ことわざ辞典 - Proverb Dictionary 日本語俗語辞書 - Colloquial Language Dictionary 日本語コロケーション辞典
IT用語辞典 e-Words - Internet and Technical Terms 三省堂 Web Dictionary - Sanseido Weblio - 辞書 - Main Dictionary Weblio - シソーラス - Thesaurus Weblio 翻訳 - Translate alc.co.jp - Another Great Dictionary goo.ne.jp - Goo’s Dictionary kotobank.jp - Uses yahoo.co.jp dictionary with a nice Interface Tatoeba - Example Sentences Tsukuba Corpus 複合動詞レキシコン - Compound Verb Lexicon Yamasa.cc - Learn handwritten stroke order kotoba.ne.jp - Extremely useful once you learn its capabilities Excite.co.jp’s Dictionary with Pitch Accent
Software
Houhou SRS - Dictionary + SRS Tagaini Jisho - Dictionary on each OS zKanji - Another Dictionary + SRS Capture2Text - Get Text from Manga and Other Images JGloss - Automatically annotate Japanese text with readings and translations KanjiTomo aard OmegaT - Translation Memory Tool Foreign Language Text Reader Learning With Texts Language Tool - Proofreading/Spellcheck Program Lingoes - Dictionary & Translation StarDict Wakan - Dictionary App for Chinese and Japanese
Thesauri
Goo.ne.jp’s Thesaurus 類語同義語辞典 - Quasi-synonym/synonym Dictionary
Learning the Language
Wanikani - Learn Kanji Through Spaced Repetition (Paid Subscription) Japaneseclass.jp - Vocabulary and Kanji Kapibara - Apps and Materials U-biq - Japanese study Japanese Stack Exchange - Ask Questions, Get Answers Tae Kim’s Guide - Site for Complete Beginners Chinese and Japanese Characters Mnemonics - With much more material Japanese Parts of Speech - 日本語 Japanese Linguistics - General Terms, Parts of Speech, Particles, etc - General Linguistics Loanwords - gaoshukai.com Esaura - Q&A site dedicated to J<->E translation. Lang-8 - Write Journals, Get Corrections from Natives (All Languages) Japanese Reading Practice with Tanaka Corpus Tips on Japanese JLPT Study Materials JLPT Vocabulary Lists HiNative - Q&A OnomatoProject - Practice Japanese onomatopoeia (擬音語) and mimetic words (擬態語) with examples and illustrations!
Grammar
Imabi - Lessons From Basic to Classical Japanese | Everything You Need for Grammar Kanzen Grammar - Sentences broken down in detail JGram - Japanese Grammar Database Renshuu.org - Over 600 entries for Grammar Jtest4you Auxiliary Verb Chart
Radicals
Kanji Radical Names - 仮名 and ローマ字 214 Traditional Radicals - From Kanji Alive Radical Names in Japanese - with kanji used More Kanji Radicals
Kana
Rapid Recognition Trainer for Hiragana and Katakana Multiple Font and Stroke Magnifier Kana - Anomalous Cursive Syllabary
Advanced Learning
Mistakes & Differences Guide Different Kanji With Same Reading and (Usually) Meaning Slight Different Meanings Read Your Level
Reading Material
Aozora Bunko - Japanese Project Gutenberg Bauddha.net - Similar to Aozora Children’s Reading Material - Fairy Tails Reajer - Bilingual Texts & Frequently-updated Language Blog
Manga & Light Novels
Comico - Manga & Light Novels Mangabox Vomic - Manga with Voice (Mac users download VLC web plugin) Kadokawa - Free Comics
Light Novels
Tueee 小説を読もう!
Anime
AniChart Anime List Hummingbird - MAL Alternative Anime Recommendation Finder
Crunchyroll - Watch Anime Legally Japanese Subtitles
News
SmartNews - Japanese Smartphone News App SANSPO.COM(サンスポ) NHKニュース and NHK Easy Version 朝日新聞 - Asahi and Children’s Edition Japan Times Japan Today MATCHA and Easy Japanese Version - Japan Travel Magazine Metropolis Magazine | Japan’s Number 1 English Magazine Tokyo Weekender - English Magazine Yomiuri, Children’s Edition, and English Edition Easy News - Newsinslowjapanese.com Nikkei Sankei
Japanese Sign Language
ITEC More Lessons
Dialect Study
JLect - Dialect Word Search Osaka-Ben Kansai-Ben Kansaiben.com Kansai-Ben Word List
Pitch Accent
U-Biq Pitch Accent Diagram Excite.co.jp’s Dictionary with Pitch Accent OJAD Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Recommended Books
White Rabbit Japan - Buy Things From Japan - A Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar - A Dictionary of Intermediate Japanese Grammar - A Dictionary of Advanced Japanese Grammar - Dictionary of Misused Japanese - Kanji Dictionary - 1006 Kanji Picture Dictionary - ALC’s Japanese for Business: Business Etiquette
J-LIST - Buys Things From Japan - Handbook for Newcomers, Migrants and Immigrants to Japan - Bilingual - Encyclopedia of Japan - Bilingual
Amazon - The Kodansha Kanji Learner’s Dictionary: Revised and Expanded - Kodansha’s Furigana Japanese Dictionary (Kodansha Dictionaries) - The Kodansha Kanji Dictionary - The Original Modern Reader’s Japanese-English Character Dictionary - The New Nelson Japanese-English Character Dictionary
Culture & Life
AFA Channel - Japanese Pop Culture Video Channel Becomming Legally Japanese - Information on Naturalization Danny Choo - Culture Japan Japan-guide - Your Guide to Japan Japan Subculture Research Center - Yakuza and other cool culture information Just Bento - Blog About Bentos Just Hungry - Japanese Food & Recipes néojapanisme Spoon & Tamago - Japanese Art, Design, and Culture What Japan Thinks - Surveys of Japanese People Niponica - Free Multilingual Magazine in HTML, PDF, or E-Book Nippon.com - Your Doorway to Japan
Music
JPop Asia - Asian Music Videos, Top Charts, Lyrics, & Forum Kasi-time - Lyric Search Utamap - Another Lyric Search utaten - Lyrics with Furigana Lyric Get - Copy Lyrics on Restricted Japanese Lyric Websites
Information
JLPT - Japanese Language Proficiency Test Information JNTO - Japan National Tourism Organization JET Programme - Japan Exchange and Teaching Programme Japanese Language Schools - List of language schools in Japan Society for Teaching Japanese as a Foreign Language
Scholarships
JASSO - Japan Student Services Organization Benjamin A. Gilman International Scholarship Program - U.S. Citizens
Work
GaijinPot - Jobs and Other Information Japan Today Jobs - International Jobs in Japan Kansai Flea Market - Jobs, Classifieds Metropolis Classifieds O-Hayo Sensei - The Newsletter of (Teaching) Jobs in Japan White Companies - Information
Wanikani Extensions
KaniWani - Reverse WaniKani Duendecat - Sample Sentences from WaniKani Progress WaniKani to Anki Exporter
Misc
Free Japanese Kana and Kanji Fonts http://www.find-job.net/startup/ Convert Japanese Dates and Western Dates Japanese History - Wikibooks Japanese Ghost Stories - Hyakumonogatari Reading Speed, Comprehension and Eye Movements While Reading Japanese Novels - Scholarly Article Hinoki Project 何年.jp/ - Japanese 平成 (Heisei) Year Lookup Math Symbols & Readings Traditional Colors of Japan - With Hex Values Color-sample - Colors in detail Onomatopoeia Picture Game - in Japanese Kanji Used in Important Documents Free Beautiful Handwriting - Handwriting Practice Sheets with Your Own Data
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perennialessays · 3 years
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C: Michaelmas
Literary London, 1820-1920
This C-Course is about literature, geography, and modernity. London as we know it came into being during the long nineteenth century, and novelists, poets, journalists, social investigators and world travellers were irresistibly drawn to this space, determined to capture the growth and dynamism of the Great Metropolis. Do we have Pierce Egan, Henry Mayhew, Arthur Conan Doyle and Alice Meynell to thank for our conception of ‘the urban’? As our classes will show, these authors created the city to a certain extent, even as they attempted to describe it and to use it as a literary setting. In order to appreciate the sheer breadth of responses London inspired, we will discuss writing from across the century, with a coda on Virginia Woolf. We will explore the role of the city in forming identities and communities, the impact of space upon psychology and behaviour, and the movements between street, home, shop and slum. Each week, we will think about London’s relation to the nation and the world – the significance of the capital city in the history of imperialism and globalisation, and as a site of encounter between diverse groups of people. And finally, we will consider the central tension in all city writing: was the capital a place of opportunity and freedom, or was it dangerous and oppressive? 
The character sketch was a major urban genre in the period, and accordingly, each of our classes will centre around a London ‘type’. As we move from character to character, we will begin to appreciate how cities fundamentally shape people – and how people leave their mark on the world around them.
Primary Reading
Before you arrive in Oxford, please try to read as many of the core works listed below as you can; a number of them are lengthy, and reward close and careful reading. Those that are difficult to source in hard copy are – in the main – available online. For more canonical titles, you could try editions from the Penguin Classics or Oxford World’s Classics series. Further extracts will be distributed once you’re here, during an introductory 0th Week meeting.
Week 1: The Flâneur
This class will consider the figure of the walker, stroller, or lounger. • Pierce Egan, Life in London, or the Day and Night Scenes of Jerry Hawthorn, Esq., and His Elegant Friend, Corinthian Tom, Accompanied by Bob Logic, the Oxonian, in Their Rambles and Sprees Through the Metropolis (1821). • George Augustus Sala, Twice Round the Clock (1859).
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perennialessays · 3 years
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B: Michaelmas Term
The B-course for the MSt in World Literature strand introduces students to the methodologies and theories of bibliography, manuscript studies, textual scholarship, and book history. These are framed specifically within the broad concerns and methodologies of world book history and the emergence and institutionalisation of the categories of world and postcolonial literature within global and local literary spaces and the publishing industry.
The course has two different components:
(i) Material Texts (Michaelmas and Hilary Term) 
(ii) Primary Source Research Skills (Michaelmas Term)
Material Texts will be taught in weekly two-hour seminars taught over ten weeks in Michaelmas and Hilary Terms introducing a range of debates and methods in material approaches to literary culture relevant to world book history. Primary Source Research Skills will be taught over six weeks in Michaelmas Term and will focus specifically on working with literary archives, modern literary manuscripts, digital archival materials and institutional archives. Please note in the schedule below that seminars do not take place each week for both courses in Michaelmas Term; the seminars in each course have been coordinated to speak to one another and there is a rationale for the order of the seminars.
 The course assumes no prior knowledge of material approaches to literary culture. The seminars will introduce a range of theories and debates in the field. We will circulate a detailed bibliography at the start of Michaelmas Term to guide your reading as you engage with the topics of the seminars. You may be asked to prepare particular tasks for seminars, but there will not normally be a list of required reading. Instead you are encouraged to read further in line with your developing research projects, which should draw on the skills and methods that the course introduces. There will be opportunities to discuss your project in one to one consultations in Michaelmas and Hilary Terms, and the course will culminate with presentations and feedback on your essay projects in Hilary Term. For now, we ask that you read as widely as possible in the suggested Introductory Reading below, which has been selected to offer you a taste of the different critical approaches possible within the B Course.
Michaelmas Term
(i) Material Texts 
Week 1 Instituting World Literature I 
Week 2 Introduction to Bibliography 
Week 3 Introduction to Book History 
Week 4 The Industry of World/Postcolonial Literature 
Week 5 Orality and Literacy 
Week 6 Cross-strand Material Texts Over Time 
Week 7 No class this week 
Week 8 Initial essay consultations (one to one)
(ii) Primary Source Research Skills
Week 1 Reading Modern Literary Manuscripts 
Week 2 The Writer’s Archive 
Week 3 Making Meaning in the Archive 
Week 4 No class this week 
Week 5 Working with Digital Archives 
Week 6 No class this week 
Week 7 Institutional Archives I: Publishers OUP 
Week 8 Institutional Archives II: Prizes Booker Prize Archive
Hilary Term
Material Texts
Week 1 Instituting World Literature II 
Week 2 Student presentations 
Week 3 Student presentations 
Week 4 Student presentations 
Week 6/7 Final essay consultations (one to one)
Introductory Reading
Bourdieu, Pierre. The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature. Edited by Randal Johnson. Cambridge: Polity, 1993. 
• Casanova, Pascale. The World Republic of Letters. Trans. M.B. DeBevoise. Cambridge, MS: Harvard University Press, 2007. Trans. Teresa Lavender Fagan. 
• Chartier, Roger. “Language, Books, and Reading from the Printed Word to the Digital Text,” Critical Inquiry 31.1 (Autumn 2004): 133-152.
 • Darnton, Robert. ‘What Is the History of Books?’ Daedalus 111 (1982): 65-83. • Eggert, Paul. ‘Brought to Book: Bibliography, Book History and the Study of Literature’. The Library 13.1 (2012): 3-32. 
• Finkelstein, David, and Alistair McCleery, eds. The Book History Reader. London: Routledge, 2002. 
• McDonald, Peter D. “Ideas of the Book and Histories of Literature: after Theory?” PMLA 121.1 (2006): 214-228. 
• McKenzie, D. F. Bibliography and the Sociology of Text. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 
• Murray, Simone. Introduction to Contemporary Print Culture: Books as Media. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2021. 
• Price, Leah. What We Talk About When We Talk About Books: The History and Future of Reading. New York: Basic Books, 2019. 
• Steedman, Carolyn. Dust. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001. 
• Willis, Ika. Reception. Abingdon: Oxon.: Routledge, 2018
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A: Michaelmas Term. The Colonial, the Postcolonial, the World: Literature, Contexts and Approaches (A/Core Course)
The A course comprises 8 1.5 hour seminars and is intended to provide a range of perspectives on some of the core debates, themes and issues shaping the study of world and postcolonial literatures in English. In each case the seminar will be led by a member of the Faculty of English with relevant expertise, in dialogue with one or more short presentations from students on aspects of the week’s topic. There is no assessed A course work, but students are asked to give at least one presentation on the course, and to attend all the seminars. You should read as much in the bibliography over the summer – certainly the primary literary texts listed in the seminar reading for each week. The allocation of presenters will be made at the meeting in week 0.
Week 1
Theories of World Literature I: What Is World Literature?...What Isn’t World Literature? (Graham Riach)
This seminar will consider what we mean when we say ‘world literature’, looking at models proposed by critics as Emily Apter, David Damrosch, the WReC collective, and others. The category of ‘world literature’ has been in constant evolution since Johan Wolfgang von Goethe popularised the term in the early 19th Century, and in this session we will explore some of the key debates in the field.
Primary:
+ David Damrosch, What is World Literature? 2003
+ ------ What Isn't World Literature, lecture https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfOuOJ6b-qY
+ WReC (Warwick Research Collective), Combined and Uneven Development: Towards a New Theory of World Literature
+ Extracts from Johan Wolfgang von Goethe, Karl Marx and Friechrich Engels, Franco Moretti, Pascale Cassanova, Emily Apter and others.
Secondary:
+ David Damrosch, World Literature in a Postcanonical, Hypercanonical Age in Haun Saussay ed, Comparative Literature in an Age of Globalization 2006 pp.43-53
+ Franco Moretti, Conjectures on World Literature, New Left Review 1 2000 54-68
+ Mariano Siskind, ‘The Globalization of the Novel and The Novelization of the Global: A Critique of World Literature’, Comparative Literature 62 (2010) 4: 336-60
Week 2
English in the world/Language beyond relativity (Peter McDonald)
Primary:
+ The Oxford English Dictionary (especially 1989 print edition and online, 2000-)
+ You should also read Sarah Ogilvie, Words of the World: A Global History of the Oxford English Dictionary (2012)
+ Florian Coulmas, Guardians of the Language (2016)
+ Perry Link’s short essay ‘The Mind: Less Puzzling in Chinese? (New York Review of Books, 30 June 2016), which is available via: https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2016/06/30/the-mind-less-puzzling-in-chinese/?utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=NYR%20Krugman%20on%20King%20Als%20on%20Martin%20Cole%20on%20police&utm_content=NYR%20Krugman%20on%20King%20Als%20on%20Martin%20Cole%20on%20police+CID_9def725d3263b14fe6dce4894ed64907&utm_source=Newsletter&utm_term=The%20Mind%20in%20Chinese
Secondary:
+ Jacques Derrida, Monolingualism of the Other, or The Prosthesis of Origin, trans. Patrick Mensah, 1998 (French edition, 1996)
+ Charles Taylor, The Language Animal (2016)
Preparation
A (2 students: position papers, maximum 1000 words, on ONE of the following. Please ensure both topics are covered. Also bring along a handout with your key quotations—copies for the entire group) 1. Explain the significance of the epigraphs from Glissant and Khatibi for Derrida’s argument and analysis in Monolingualism. 2. Explain Taylor’s distinction between ‘designative-instrumental’ and ‘expressive-constitutive’ theories of language.
B (all remaining students: single-sided A4 handout—copies for the entire group) Browse the OED, especially using the online feature that allows you to group words by origin and/or region, and select ONE loanword from a non-European language. On one side of an A-4 sheet give an account of the word, explaining why you think it has particular significance in the long history of lexical borrowing that constitutes the English language and the shorter history of the linguistic relativity thesis
Week 3
The (Un)translatability of World Literature (Adriana X. Jacobs)
This seminar will examine the role of translation in the development of the category of world literature with a particular focus on the term “translatability.” We will consider how translation into “global” English has shaped contemporary understandings of translatability and how to reconcile these with the more recent turn to “untranslatability” in literary scholarship. To what extent are the parameters of world literature contingent on a translation economy that privileges certain languages, authors and texts over authors? What room is there in current configurations of world literature for works that “do not measure up to certain metrics of translational circulation” (Zaritt)?
Primary:
+ Emily Apter, Against World Literature: On the Politics of Untranslatability (New York: Verso, 2013)
+ “To Translate,” in Dictionary of Untranslatables: A Philosophical Lexicon, Barbara Cassin, ed., ed. and trans. Emily Apter, Jacques Lezra, and Michael Wood (Princeton: Princeton UP, 2014): 1139- 1155. (read introduction online: http://press.princeton.edu/titles/10097.html)
Secondary:
+ Antoine Berman, “Translation and the Trials of the Foreign,” trans. Lawrence Venuti, in The Translation Studies Reader, 3rd edition (New York/Abingdon: Routledge, 2012): 240-253.
+ Johannes Göransson, “‘Transgressive Circulation’: Translation and the Threat of Foreign Influence,” Cordite Poetry Review (November 1, 2016): www.cordite.org.au/essays/transgressive-circulation.
+ Ignacio Infante, “On The (Un)Translatability of Literary Form: Framing Contemporary Translational Literature,” Translation Review 95.1 (2016): 1-7
+ Lydia Liu, “The Problem of Language in Cross-Cultural Studies,” in Translingual Practice:Literature, National Culture, and Translated Modernity—China, 1900-1937 (Stanford: Stanford UP, 1995): 1-42
+ Ronit Ricci, “On the untranslatability of ‘translation’: Considerations from Java, Indonesia,” Translation Studies 3.3 (2010): 287-301.
+ Saul Zaritt, “‘The World Awaits Your Yiddish Word’: Jacob Glatstein and the Problem of World Literature,” Studies in American Jewish Literature (1981-) 34.2 (2015): 175-203.
Week 4
Literature and Performance of the Black Americas (Annie Castro)
In this seminar, we will engage with a variety of writings by Black authors across the Americas that emphasize issues of race, nationality, cultural heritage, and performance. This course will serve as an introduction into critical debates regarding the complex interchange of Afro-diasporic persons, ideas, and discourse across the Western Hemisphere. Please come prepared to share a short (approximately 200 words), informal written review of the assigned readings. This review, which is intended to aid group discussion, should place the assigned texts in conversation with one another, particularly in regards to their conceptualizations of race and culture in artistic expression.
Primary:
+ Erna Brodber, Louisiana (1997)
Secondary:
+ DeFrantz, Thomas and Anita Gonzalez, “Introduction.” In Black Performance Theory (2014)
+ Edwards, Brent Hayes. “Prologue,” “Variations on a Preface.” In The Practice of Diaspora: Literature, Translation, and the Rise of Black Internationalism (2003)
+ Harris, Wilson. “History, Fable, and Myth in the Caribbean and Guianas” (1970). In Caribbean Quarterly: The 60th Anniversary Edition (2008)
Week 5
Theories of World Literature II: Is World Literature Beautiful? (Graham Riach)
Traditional definitions of world literature are heavily based on the idea of universal cultural value. This seminar will consider some of the main issues in universalist conceptions of world literary value, particularly in relation to aesthetics, and the role of interpretive communities in dealing with distances in time, culture and language.
Primary:
+ Simon Gikandi, Slavery and the Culture of Taste (Princeton University Press, 2014)
+ Sianne Ngai, Our Aesthetic Categories: Zany, Cute, Interesting (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2012)
Secondary:
+ Isobel Armstrong, The Radical Aesthetic (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000)
+ Bill Ashcroft, ‘Towards a Postcolonial Aesthetics’, Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 51, 4 (2015), pp. 410-421
+ Elleke Boehmer, ‘A Postcolonial Aesthetic: Repeating Upon the Present’, in Janet Cristina Şandru Wilson and Sarah Lawson Welsh eds., Rerouting the Postcolonial: New Directions for the New Millennium (2010), pp. 170-181
+ Peter de Bolla, Art Matters (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001)
+ Simon Gikandi, ‘Race and the Idea of the Aesthetic’, Michigan Quarterly Review, 40,2 (2001), pp.318–50.
+ Peter J. Kalliney, Commonwealth of Letters: British Literary Culture and the Emergence of Postcolonial Aesthetics (Oxford: OUP, 2013)
+ Catherine Noske, ‘A Postcolonial Aesthetic? An Interview with Robert Young’, Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 50, 5, 609-621 (2014)
+ Rethinking Beauty, special issue of diacritics (32.1, Spring 2002)
Week 6
Cultural Memory and Reconciliation (Catherine Gilbert)
In this seminar, we will explore representations of conflict and its enduring impact in narratives from South Africa and Rwanda. In particular, we will consider questions surrounding the relationship between testimony and literature, how writers work to convey the complex nuances of trauma and memory, and the role of literature in remembrance and reconciliation.
Primary:
+ Achmat Dangor, Bitter Fruit (London: Atlantic Books, 2004 [2001]).
+ Jean Hatzfeld (ed), Into the Quick of Life. The Rwandan Genocide: The Survivors Speak (London: Serpent’s Tail, 2008).
+ Please also listen to: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, ‘The Danger of the Single Story’ (TED talk, 2009): https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story?language=en
Secondary:
+ Jean Hatzfeld (ed), Machete Season: The Killers in Rwanda Speak, translated by Linda Coverdale (New York: Picador, 2005). Esp. the chapters ‘In the shade of an acacia’, ‘Remorse and regrets’, ‘Bargaining for forgiveness’, and ‘Pardons’.
+ Madelaine Hron, ‘Gukora and Itsembatsemba: The "Ordinary Killers" in Jean Hatzfeld's Machete Season’, Research in African Literatures, 42.2 (2011), pp. 125-146.
+ Antjie Krog, Country of My Skull (London: Vintage, 1999 [1998]). Esp. Chapter 3, ‘Bereaved and Dumb, the High Southern Air Succumbs’, pp. 38-74.
+ Achille Mbembe, ‘African Modes of Self-Writing’, Public Culture, 14.1 (2002), pp. 239-273.
+ Ana Miller, ‘The Past in the Present: Personal and Collective Trauma in Achmat Dangor’s Bitter Fruit’, Studies in the Novel, 40.1-2 (2008), pp. 146-160.
+ Zoe Norridge, Perceiving Pain in African Literature (London: Palgrave, 2012)
+ Richard Crownshaw, Jane Kilby and Antony Rowland (eds), The Future of Memory (New York: Berghahn Books, 2010). Esp. the introductions to each of the three sections on memory, testimony and trauma.
Week 7
Comics and Conflict: Witness, Testimony and World Literature? (Dominic Davies)
In this seminar we will explore the seemingly prevalent tendency of the use of comics –that is, sequential art that combines juxtaposed drawn and other images with the (hand)written word – to depict conflict zones in geo-historical areas as diverse as Palestine, Bosnia and Afghanistan. Why have comics, a highly mediated form that draws attention to the contingency of its own perspective, been used to document witness testimonies from war zones across the world? How do comics, constructed from a sophisticated architecture of borders and gutters, communicate these testimonies across national borders, perhaps even forging alternative kinds of ‘world literature’?
Primary:
+ Joe Sacco, Safe Area Goražde (2000), Palestine (2001)
+ Emmanuel Guibert, Didier Lefèvre, and Frederic Lemercier, The Photographer: Into War-torn Afghanistan with Doctors Without Borders (2009)
Secondary:
+ Ayaka, Carolene, and Hague, Ian eds., Representing Multiculturalism in Comics and Graphic Novels (2015)
+ Chute, Hillary, ‘Comics as Literature? Reading Graphic Narrative’, PMLA 123.2, 45-65 (2008)
+ ——, Disaster Drawn: Visual Witness, Comics, and Documentary Form (2016)
+ Denson, Shane, Meyer, Christina, and Stein, Daniel eds., Transnational Perspectives on Graphic Narratives: Comics at the Crossroads (2014)
+ Hatfield, Charles, Alternative Comics: An Emerging Literature (2005)
+ Mehta, Benita, and Mukherjee, Pia eds. Postcolonial Comics: Texts, Events, Identities (2015)
+ Mickwitz, Nina, Documentary Comics: Graphic Truth-telling in a Skeptical Age (2015)
+ Worden, Daniel ed. The Comics of Joe Sacco: Journalism in a Visual World (2015)
Week 8
World Poetry: A Case Study from India (Rosinka Chaudhuri)
Here, we will look episodically at the development of modern poetry in India in relation to the world; that is, we shall see how the world entered Indian poetry at the same time as it transformed poetry in the ‘West’. The very word for poet - ‘kavi’ - began to be redefined as the Sanskrit word came in contact with modernity in the nineteenth century, at the end of which we have the phenomenal figure of Tagore, who was perhaps the first ‘World Poet’ recognised as such from East to West. The decades of the 1960s-’80s - when Pablo Neruda was common currency and Arun Kolatkar sat at the Wayside Inn in Bombay - to present-day studies of multilinguality and the role of translation shall be explored to devise a notion of poetry in the world over time as it happened in India.
Primary:
+ Buddhadeva Bose, ‘Comparative Literature in India’, in Jadavpur Journal of Comparative Literature, Vol. 45; see http://jjcl.jdvu.ac.in/jjcl/upload/JJCL 45.pdf
+ Arvind Krishna Mehrotra, ‘The Emperor Has No Clothes,’ in Partial Reccall: Essays on Literature and Literary History (Delhi: Permanent Black, 2012)
+ Amit Chaudhuri, ‘Arun Kolatkar and the Tradition of Loitering,’ in Clearing A Space: Reflections on India, Literature and Culture (Oxford: Peter Lang, 2008).
Secondary:
+ Roland Barthes, ‘Is There Any Poetic Writing?’ in Annette Lavers and Colin Smith translated Writing Degree Zero (1953; New York: Hill and Wang, 1967).
+ Rosinka Chaudhuri, The Literary Thing: History, Poetry, and The Making of a Modern Cultural Sphere (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014).
+ Bhavya Tiwari, ‘Rabindranath Tagore’s Comparative World Literature,’ in Theo D’haen, David Damrosch and Djelal Kadir ed. The Routledge Companion to World Literature (London: Routledge, 2012).
+ Deborah Baker, A Blue Hand: The Beats in India (New York and Delhi: Penguin, 2008).
+ Laetitia Zechhini, Arun Kolatkar and Literary Modernism in India: Moving Lines (London: Bloomsbury, 2016)
+ Anjali Nerlekar, Bombay Modern: Arun Kolatkar and Bilingual Literary Culture (Northwestern University Press, 2016).
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The World Novel
https://www.kcl.ac.uk/study/courses-data/modules/7/The-World-Novel-7aba0007
Module description
We will explore the genesis and origins of novels in different cultural and geographical contexts, and discuss how, although the genre’s foundations are in the Western tradition, it has been able to successfully transform itself and permeate other literary cultures. The emphasis of this course will be on considering how, from its beginnings in the Hellenistic Mediterranean to its establishment in 19th century Europe, the novel form has always flourished in a multilingual, cross-cultural traffic of ideas. We will question the extent to which the novel has again proved capable of reflecting rapidly-changing conditions of the global world, and of communicating to an even wider and more diverse readership across different cultures.
How the world novel reaches a compromise between global language and local material, and what tensions this gives rise to will be some of the central questions this course will address. We will discuss the relevance of concepts of dominant and subordinate positions in the cultural discourse, and seek to trace the influence of such imbalances in the patterns of conservation and subversion of the norm, both in the sphere of novel writing and consumption.
A range of 20th century authors will be read, including novelists of the early decades of the century like Natsume Soseki and Joseph Roth as well as contemporary writers like Orhan Pamuk and Gao Xingjian.
The following works are required primary texts which you should buy or borrow:
Machado de Assis, The Posthumous Memoirs of Bras Cubas (1881), (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006 Natsume Soseki, Kokoro (1914), (London: Penguin, 2010) Joseph Roth, The Radetzky March (1932), (London: Penguin, 2000) RK Narayan, The English Teacher (1945), (London: Vintage, 2001) Mikhail Bulgakov, The Master and Margarita (1966-7), (London: Penguin, 2007) Gao Xingjian, Soul Mountain (1990), (London: Harper Collins, 2001) Orhan Pamuk, Snow (2002), (London: Faber, 2004)
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Theorizing Literature Across Cultures: Contemporary Debates
https://www.kcl.ac.uk/abroad/module-options/module?id=616191b2-2f75-48b6-8cea-97f8fdcd9ce2
How do we examine literatures across cultures, geographies, languages and time? What ideas and systems of thought underpin our choice of texts and questions in this project of comparison? And what are the current most urgent debates in the discipline of comparative literature?
These questions underpin contemporary debates about comparative literature, and will be explored from a variety of perspectives in this module. United by one overarching theme, each week the seminars will be led by a different member of the Comparative Literature programme, who will draw on examples from their own research to examine current critical issues in comparative and world literature. This range of approaches will provide students with the opportunity to explore these issues in depth, and to become acquainted with the diversity of cutting-edge theoretical approaches which can be deployed. Most weeks we will work with both primary texts and critical theory.
1 x 5,000 word essay
Educational aims & objectives
This module explores contemporary debates in the field of comparative literature.  Students will have the opportunity to analyse and evaluate theories at the forefront of current literary scholarship, and to deploy these effectively to illuminate a variety of texts. The module will also enable students to develop and consolidate the skills required to conduct research and communicate findings at a postgraduate level.
Learning outcomes
By the end of the module, students will be able to demonstrate intellectual, transferable and practical skills appropriate to a Level 7 module, and in particular will be able to:
Demonstrate a deep and systematic understanding of the field of comparative literature.
Evaluate current theoretical and methodological concepts within the discipline of comparative literature.
Flexibly and creatively apply this knowledge in the analysis of literary texts, and suggest potential new approaches.
Select and deploy theoretical approaches appropriate to the primary texts at hand.
Employ advanced skills in independent research, and communicate findings effectively.
Teaching pattern
One two hour seminar weekly
Suggested reading list
The following books provide a good introduction to some of the themes of this module:
Alexander Beecroft, An Ecology of World Literature: From Antiquity to the Present Day. New York: Verso, 2015.
David Damroch, What is World Literature? Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003.
Edward Said, The World, the Text, and the Critic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984.
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EN53386A: CONTEMPORARY INDIGENOUS LITERATURES AND CULTURES: WRITING/BELONGING
https://rl.talis.com/3/gold/lists/1340984E-973D-0F5A-3AA7-EAD6FCBC053B.html?lang=en-GB
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EN71148A Historicising the Field of Black British Literature: From the Romans to the Present (Autumn 2021)
https://rl.talis.com/3/gold/lists/ECC9E93D-5453-CCA7-5502-9E89175D614C.html?lang=en-GB
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EN71147A Genre and Aesthetics of Contemporary Black British Writing
https://rl.talis.com/3/gold/lists/F220407A-C9A5-7278-023F-DF0F784DB74C.html?lang=en-GB
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EN71080A Language & Ideology in Written Discourse
https://rl.talis.com/3/gold/lists/2EDD72DF-EB7C-17CC-991A-8D27C06A917E.html?lang=en-GB
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EN71003A: Postcolonial Fiction: Theory and Practice
https://rl.talis.com/3/gold/lists/63223E11-28C4-53DD-9372-D43A598A9549.html?lang=en-GB
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Modern Literary Movements
MODERN LITERARY MOVEMENTS 2018-19
Lectures: Friday: 3-4pm
Seminar: Friday: 4-6pm
WEEK 1
WEEK ONE Transition to Modernism                                                                                                  Chris Baldick
Seminar: Franz Kafka, ‘Metamorphosis’, James Joyce, ‘Calypso’.
Virginia Woolf
, ‘Modern Fiction’, ‘Mr Bennett and Mrs Brown’
Week 2
Memory and Bergsonism                                                                                                                    Chris Baldick
Seminar: Marcel Proust, The Way by Swann’s; James Joyce, ‘Penelope’
Henri Bergson, excerpt from Time and Free Will * Walter Benjamin, ‘On the image of Proust’*
Seminar Questions
W
e will focus on reading Proust Joyce via Bergson
whose notion of
durée
or duration allows a simultaneous layering of consciousness which Proust says allows the revelation ‘
the secret language of things’
and the ‘
inextinguishable substance
’ of things (254); time regained by the application of the intellect or voluntary memory;
INTUITION
allowing permeation of conscious states.
Wyndham Lewis said  Bergson ‘
more than any other figure … was responsible for the main intellectual characteristics of the world we live in, and the immensity of debt of almost all contemporary philosophy to him is immense’
(
Time and Western Man
, 166)
Genette in
Narrative Discourse
(1972)  notes
‘f
or Proust, lost time is not, as is widely but mistakenly believed, ‘past’ time, but time in its pure state, which is really to say, through the fusion of a present moment and a past moment, the contrary of passing time: the extra-temporal, eternity”’( 40 n. 4; 226, n. 7).
‘If he rejects’ so-called realistic “art, the ‘literature of description,’ which ‘contents itself with 'describing things,' with giving of them merely a miserable abstract of lines and surfaces’ it is because, for him, this kind of literature ignores true reality, which is to be found in essences ...´(Genette, 39; 203).
How does time in Proust compare to Joyce's time in 'Penelope'.
Week 3
Post-Nietzschean Fiction                                                                                                                  Frank Krause
Seminar: Andre Gide, The Immoralist; Thomas Mann, Death in Venice
Friedrich Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy
Seminar Questions
In  The Birth of Tragedy 1872) Nietzsche suggests that the metaphysical will operates through both Apollonian drive, which seeks  finite form and the  Dionysian drive which dissolves form. What are the implications of this insight for literature?
Is modern literature attracted to the transgressive dissolution of the self?
Nietzsche writes, 'Art is not an imitation of nature but its metaphorical  supplement' (142). How does this resonate  with what we were discussing last week regarding the differences and similarities between realism and modernism?
Nietzsche suggest that a loss of myth and myth-making (mythopoesis) in a culture leads to a  loss of vitalism and creativity? is this true?
What does N. mean when he talks of 'metaphysical consolation' of art (41)
Week 4
Epic Theatre                                                                                                                                       Frank Krause
Seminar: Bertolt Brecht, St Joan of the Stockyards.
Walter Benjamin, ‘What is Epic Theatre?’; ‘Theses on Philosophy of History’
In addition to the text of the play, we will discuss Brecht's 'Short Organum for the Theatre' (see below)  as well as Walter Benjamin's  'What is Epic Theatre?' and 'Theses on the Philosophy of History' .
things to consider
1. what does B's concept  the 'estrangement effect' mean for our discussions of realism in art? why do readers/ audiences need to be estranged ?
2. what is Brecht doing with history in his plays? think about Benjamin here. Is this still relevant for art today ?
3. think about Nietzsche again here --the consolatory aspect of art, the role of the Greek chorus and gestus.
4. Think about the historical contexts in which Brecht politicised theatre.
Week 5
Prophetic Voice in Modern Poetry                                                                                                                                                                Chris Baldick        
              Seminar: T.S. Eliot, The Waste Land
              W.B. Yeats, ‘The Second Coming’; ‘Sailing to Byzantium’; ‘Leda & the Swan’; ‘Among          
              School Children’ *; W.H. Auden, ‘O What is that Sound?’ ; ‘A Summer Night’ (‘Out on
              the lawn I lie in bed’); ‘September 1. 1939’; ‘The Fall of Rome.’*
   T.S. Eliot, ‘Ulysses, Order and Myth’* Tradition and The Individual Talent’* (VLE)
WEEK 6 READING WEEK
Week 7
Modernist Narrative                                                                                                                                                                             Lucia Boldrini
Seminar: William Faulkner, The Sound & The Fury; James Joyce, ‘Nausicaa’, ‘Sirens’, ‘Circe’.
Jean-Paul Sartre, ‘On The Sound and the Fury: Time in the Work of Faulkner’, *
Please read the seminar question for  this  week (in doc below): we will try to make links between Joyce, Faulkner, Bergson, Nietzsche, Eliot  and Proust in terms of temporality and narrative:
‘To see existence in 1929 as a presence of fragments often moving to no particular end or recognisable rationale, required of course no special originality of thought. It was becoming clear, through the work of Conrad, Joyce, Woolf, Eliot, as well as the “process” philosophy of Bergson, that the unbroken continuity of most eighteenth and nineteenth century literature—its leisurely Aristotelian movement thought paraphrasable plot pointedly marked with beginning, middle, and end, to a completed or controlling mythos; or the ordered motion of its lyrics, private and dramatic—must be replaced by the broken verse of The Waste Land and the shifting narrators and shattered time sequence of Nostromo’ (Donald Kartiganer, 1970) p. 614.
Week 8
Existentialism and the Absurd                                                                                                       Carole Sweeney
Seminar: Albert Camus, The Outsider, Jean Paul Sartre, Nausea.
Jean-Paul Sartre, ''Why Write?', from What is Literature
What is Literature?File
Adorno 'Commitment'File
Existentialism notesFile
The Myth of Sisyphus (extract)File
Week 9
Modern to Postmodern                                                                                                         Derval Tubridy
Seminar: Samuel Beckett, The Trilogy: Molloy, Malone Dies, The Unnamable (we will focus on the last section in the seminar but you are encouraged to read the whole trilogy)
Beckett bibliographyFile
Barnett Newman paintingURL
The Trilogy-seminar notesFile
Week 10
Post-Holocaust Writing                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Rick Crownshaw
Seminar: Primo Levi, If This is a Man, W.G. Sebald, The Emigrants, we will focus on ‘Max Ferber’.
Marianne Hirsch, ‘Surviving Images: Holocaust Photography and the Work of Postmemory’, The Yale Journal of Criticism 12.1 (Spring 2001), 5-38. (VLE)
Postmemory articleFile
reading of If This is a manURL
Holocaust writing lecture notes PPFile
Week 11
Postmodern Fiction                                                                                                                                Tim Parnell
     Seminar: Italo Calvino, If on a Winter’s Night a Traveller
     Jacques Derrida,  Structure, Sign and Play’*;
Roland Barthes, ‘The Death of the Author’ *
Roland Barthes- The Death of the AuthorFile
'Structure, Sign and Play'File
useful article on John BarthFile
'The Literature of Replenishment', John BarthFile
Calvino PP lecture notesFile
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Literature and Philosophy
MA IN LITERARY STUDIES
 Literature and Philosophy (EN71021A): Course Outline Spring 2019
Tutor: Julia Ng
Teaching Mode: 2-hour seminar
Seminar Wednesday 9-11
St James Hatcham G02
NB: Please acquire a print copy of Walter Benjamin’s Origin of German Tragic Drama, trans. J. Osborne (Verso, 1998/2009), as we will be studying this text in its entirety. Other materials for this course will be posted to the course’s learn.gold page.
  Week 1, Wednesday 16
th
January – Introduction; “intention” in Brentano and Husserl
Introductory discussion
Franz Brentano, “The Distinction between Mental and Physical Phenomena,” in Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint [1874], trans. A. C. Rancurello, D. B. Terrell and L. L. McAlister (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1995), Bk. 2, chap. 1, pp. 59-77.
Edmund Husserl, “Philosophy as a Rigorous Science," in Phenomenology and the Crisis of Philosophy, trans. Quentin Lauer (Harper & Row, 1965), section on “Naturalistic Philosophy,” pp. 79-122.
 Week 2, Wednesday 23th January – Husserl
Edmund Husserl, “Philosophy as a Rigorous Science," in Phenomenology and the Crisis of Philosophy, trans. Quentin Lauer (Harper & Row, 1965), excerpt from “Historicism and Weltanschauung Philosophy,” pp. 122-129.
Edmund Husserl, Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy, I, trans. F. Kersten (Martinus Nijhoff, 1983), §§87-90, 93-95.
 Week 3, Wednesday 30th January – Benjamin
Benjamin, OGT, “Epistemo-Critical Prologue”
 References
Plato, Symposium
Scheler, “On the Tragic”
 Wek 4, Wednesday 6th February – Benjamin
Benjamin, OGT, “Trauerspiel and Tragedy,“ I
 References
Schmitt, Political Theology
Gryphius, Leo Armenius
Calderon, Life is a Dream
 Week 5, Wednesday 13th February – Benjamin
Benjamin, OGT, “Trauerspiel and Tragedy,“ II
 References
Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy
Lukács, Soul and Forms
Rosenzweig, The Star of Redemption
Scheler, “On the Tragic”
Benjamin, “Fate and Character”; “Toward the Critique of Violence”
 Week 6, Wednesday 20th February
Tutorial Week – No seminar
 Week 7, Wednesday 27th February – Benjamin
Benjamin, OGT, “Trauerspiel and Tragedy,“ III; „Allegory and Trauerspiel,“ I
 References
Shakespeare, Hamlet
Panofsky and Saxl on Dürer’s Melancholia I
Giehlow on Melancholia I; The Humanist Interpretation of Hieroglyphs
Warburg
Freud, “Mourning and Melancholia”
 Week 8, Wednesday 6th March – Benjamin
Benjamin, OGT, “Allegory and Trauerspiel,“ II and III
 References
Benjamin, “On Language as Such and on the Language of Man”; “The Role of Language in Trauerspiel and Tragedy”; “Trauerspiel and Tragedy”
Gryphius, Leo Armenius
 Week 9, Wednesday 13th March – Adorno
Adorno, “The Actuality of Philosophy” (May 2, 1931), in Telos 31 (1977), 120-133.
Adorno, “The Idea of Natural History” (1932), in Telos 60 (1984), 111-124.
 Week 10, Wednesday 20th March – Adorno
Adorno, “III.2 World Spirit and Natural History,” in Negative Dialectics, trans. E.B. Ashton, Continuum, 1973, pp. 300-360.
 Week 11, Wednesday 27th March – Conclusion
General discussion
 Preparatory Reading
Gryphius, Leo Armenius
Calderon, Life Is A Dream
Shakespeare, Hamlet
Hofmannsthal, The Tower
 Further Reading
 Benjamin
On Language as Such and on the Language of Man (1916)
The Role of Language in Trauerspiel and Tragedy (1916)
Trauerspiel and Tragedy (1916)
Fate and Character (1919)
Toward the Critique of Violence (1921)
Calderon's El mayor monstrue, los celos and Hebbel's Herodus and Mariamne (1923)
 General
Adorno, Theodor. "Portrait of Walter Benjamin," in: Prisms. Trans. Samuel and Shierry Weber. MIT Press, 1981.
Adorno, Theodor. Against Epistemology: A Metacritique. Trans. Willis Domingo. Oxford: Blackwell, 1982.
Adorno, Theodor, and Walter Benjamin. The Complete Correspondence, 1928-1940. Ed. Henri Lonitz. Trans. Nicholas Walker. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1999.
Agamben, Giorgio. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life, Stanford UP, 1998.
Cascardi, Anthony J. "Comedia and Trauerspiel: On Benjamin and Calderón." Comparative Drama 16:1 (1982), 1-11.
Cobb-Stevens, Richard. “Husserl on Eidetic Intuition and Historical Interpretation,” American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly 66 (1992): 261–75.
Comay, Rebecca. "Mourning Work and Play," in Research in Phenomenology 23 (1993), pp. 105-130.
Drummond, John. “Husserl on the Ways to the Performance of the Reduction,” Man and World 8 (1975): 47–69.
Drummond, John. “The Structure of Intentionality,” in The New Husserl, ed. D. Welton (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003), 65–92.
Derrida, Jacques. "Force of Law."
Fenves, Peter. "Marx, Mourning, Messianity," in: Hent de Vries/Samuel Weber (Hg.): Violence, Identity and Self-Determination, Stanford, 1997, 253–270.
Fenves, Peter. "Tragedy and Prophecy in Benjamin’s 'Origin of the German Mourning Play,'" in: Arresting Language. From Leibniz to Benjamin, Stanford UP, 2001, 227–248.
Foster, Roger. Adorno: The Recovery of Experience. SUNY Press, 2007.
Freud, Sigmund. "Mourning and Melancholia," The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, XIV. The Hogarth Press, 1957, pp. 237-258.
Friedlander, Eli. "On the Musical Gathering of Echoes of the Voice: Walter Benjamin on Opera and the Trauerspiel." The Opera Quarterly, vol. 21 no. 4 (2005), pp. 631-646.
Geulen, Eva. The End of Art : Readings in a Rumor after Hegel. Stanford University Press, 2006.
Giehlow, Karl, and Robin Raybould. The Humanist Interpretation of Hieroglyphs in the Allegorical Studies of the Renaissance with a Focus on the Triumphal Arch of Maximilian I. Brill, 2015.
Hamacher, Werner. "Guilt History."  
Hanssen, Beatrice. Walter Benjamin's Other History : of Stones, Animals, Human Beings, and Angels. University of California Press, 1998.
Hanssen, Beatrice. "Philosophy at Its Origin: Walter Benjamin’s Prologue to the 'Ursprung des deutschen Trauerspiels,'" in: Modern Language Notes 110 (1995), 809–833.
Haverkampf, Hans-Erhard. Benjamin in Frankfurt : Die Zentralen Jahre 1922-1932. Societäts-Verlag, 2016.
Helmling, Steven. "Constellation and Critique: Adorno's Constellation, Benjamin's Dialectical Image." Postmodern Culture 14:1 (2003).
Johnson, Barbara, The Wake of Deconstruction, Cambridge, Mass, 1994.
Johnson, Christopher D. “Configuring the Baroque: Warburg and Benjamin.” Culture, Theory and Critique, vol. 57, no. 2, 2016, pp. 142–165.
Kantorowicz, Ernst H. The King's Two Bodies : a Study in Mediaeval Political Theology. Princeton University Press, 1997.
Klibansky, Raymond; Panofsky, Erwin; Saxl, Fritz. Saturn and Melancholy : Studies in the History of Natural Philosophy, Religion, and Art. Basic Books, 1964.
Lacan, Jacques. "Desire and the Interpretation of Desire in Hamlet," in: Shoshana Felman (ed.): Literature and Psychoanalysis. The Question of Reading: Otherwise, Baltimore, 1982, 11–52.
Lindner, Burkhardt. "Habilitationsakte Benjamin. Über ein 'akademisches Trauerspiel' und über ein Vorkapitel der "Frankfurter Schule" (Horkheimer, Adorno)/"Walter Benjamins's attempt of a Habilitation. On an 'academic Trauerspiel' and on other preliminaries of the "Frankfurter Schule" (Horkheimer, Adorno)." In: Zeitschrift für Literaturwissenschaft und Linguistik 14.53 (1984): 147-166.
Lukács, György. Soul and Form. MIT Press, 1978.
Lukács, György. Theory of the Novel.
Marin, Louis. Food for Thought. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997.
McFarland, James. “Presentation.” Constellation: Friedrich Nietzsche and Walter Benjamin in the Now-Time of History. Fordham University Press, 2012, pp. 67-102 (Chapter 2).
McLaughlin, Kevin. "Benjamin's Barbarism." The Germanic Review: Literture, Culture, Theory, 81:1 (2006), 4-20.
Menke, Christoph, and James. Phillips. Tragic Play : Irony and Theater from Sophocles to Beckett. Columbia University Press, 2009.
Merback, Mitchell B. Perfection's Therapy : an Essay on Albrecht Dürer's Melencolia I. Zone Books, 2017.
Miller, J. Hillis. »The Two Allegories«, in: Morton Bloomfield (ed.): Allegory, Myth and Symbol, Cambridge, 1981, 355–370.
Mininger, J. D., and Jason Michael Peck. German Aesthetics : Fundamental Concepts from Baumgarten to Adorno. Bloomsbury, Bloomsbury Academic, 2016.
Nägele, Rainer. Theater, Theory, and Speculation: Walter Benjamin and the Scenes of Modernity, Baltimore, 1991.
Newman, Jane O. Benjamin's Library: modernity, nation, and the Baroque. Cornell UP, 2011.
Newman, Jane O. "Tragedy and 'Trauerspiel' for the (Post-)Westphalian Age." In: Renaissance Drama 40 (2012), pp. 197-208.
Newman, Jane. “Enchantment in Times of War: Aby Warburg, Walter Benjamin, and the Secularization Thesis.” Representations, vol. 105, no. 105, 2009, pp. 133-0_4.
Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy
Pensky, Max. Melancholy Dialectics: Walter Benjamin and the Play of Mourning. U Mass Press, 1993.
Plato, Symposium.
Rosenzweig, Franz, and Barbara Ellen Galli. The Star of Redemption. University of Wisconsin Press, 2005.
Scheler, Max. "On the Tragic." CrossCurrents 4.2 (1954), 178-191.
Schmitt, Carl, et al. Hamlet or Hecuba : the Intrusion of the Time into the Play. Telos Press, 2009.
Schmitt, Carl. Political Theology : Four Chapters on the Concept of Sovereignty. University of Chicago Press, 2005.
Szondi, Peter. An Essay on the Tragic. Stanford University Press, 2002.
Weber, Samuel. Benjamin's -Abilities. Harvard University Press, 2008.
Willard, Dallas. “The Paradox of Logical Psychologism: Husserl’s Way Out,” American Philosophical Quarterly 9 (1972): 94–100.
Woodfield, Richard (ed.) Art history as cultural history: Warburg's projects. G+B Arts International, 2000.
 Learning Outcomes
 -       You will have a grasp of the place of literature in the modern Continental philosophy tradition.
-       You will have a good understanding of how this tradition challenges and transforms Classical philosophical conceptions of literature.
-       You will be able to expound and analyse the textual and conceptual styles of the three key thinkers on the course.
-       You will have a sound grasp of the literature of and on both the broad relationship between literature and philosophy, and the three specific thinkers addressed on the module.
-       You will be able to use the ideas and texts explored in the module to inform your readings in literary and cultural texts.
 Assessment Criteria
 -       Students should show a clear command of traditional conceptions of the literary in the history of philosophy, and of how the modern Continental tradition challenges these.
-       Students should show a detailed critical knowledge of at least one of the module’s key thinkers’ ideas.
-       Students should show a knowledge and capacity to use a good range of secondary literature on both general issues in the field and on the specific thinkers and texts they address.
-       Students should be able to read the relevant texts from both literary critical and conceptual perspectives.
-       Students should show an awareness of the relevance of the issues and texts studied on the course to contemporary debates in literary theory.
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Crisis and Critique
What is critical theory, and whence the notion of critique as a practical stance towards the world? Using these questions as a point of departure, this course takes critical theory as its field of inquiry. Part of the course will be devoted to investigating what critique is, starting with the etymological and conceptual affinity it shares with crisis: since the Enlightenment, so one line of argument goes, all grounds for knowledge are subject to criticism, which is understood to generate a sense of escalating historical crisis culminating in a radical renewal of the intellectual and social order. We will explore the efficacy of modern critical thought, and the concept of critique’s efficacy, by examining a series of attempts to narrate and amplify states of crisis – and correspondingly transform key concepts such as self, will, time, and world – in order to provoke a transformation of society. The other part of the course will be oriented towards understanding current critical movements as part of the Enlightenment legacy of critique, and therefore as studies in the practical implications of critical readings. Key positions in critical discourse will be discussed with reference to the socio-political conditions of their formation and in the context of their provenance in the history of philosophy, literature, and cultural theory. Required readings will include works by Kant, Hegel, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, Husserl, Benjamin and others, with suggested readings and references drawn from a variety of source materials ranging from literary and philosophical texts to visual images, film, and architecture. You are invited to work on your individual interests with respect to the readings.
Week 1                                                                                              
Critique, krinein, crisis (Koselleck, Adorno)
 Required Reading
Reinhart Koselleck, “Crisis,” Journal of the History of Ideas 67.2 (2006), 357-400.
—, Chapters 7 and 8, Critique and Crisis: Enlightenment and the Pathogenesis of Modern Society. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1988 [German original, 1959].
Adorno and Horkheimer, "The Concept of Enlightenment," in Dialectic of Enlightenment, trans. John Cumming (New York: Continuum, 1989), pp. 3-42.
 Recommended Reading
Michel Foucault, “What is Enlightenment?” in The Foucault Reader. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984: 32-50.
—, The Politics of Truth. New York: Semiotext(e), 1997.
Friedrich Hölderlin, “Nature and Art or Saturn and Jupiter,” in Hyperion and Selected Poems. Ed. by Eric Santner. Translated by Michael Hamburger. New York: Continuum, 1990: 150-151.
  Week 2          
Judgment and Imagination (Kant)
 Required Reading
Immanuel Kant, “Preface [A and B],” in Critique of Pure Reason. Translated and edited by Paul Guyer and Allen W. Wood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998: 99-124.  
—, “Preface” and “Introduction,” in Critique of Practical Reason, in Practical Philosophy, trans. Mary Gregor (Cambridge UP, 1996), pp. 139-149.
—, §§1-5, 59-60 of Critique of the Power of Judgment, trans. Paul Guyer and Eric Matthews (Cambridge UP, 2000), pp. 89-96, 225-230.
—, “Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose,” in Kant: Political Writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991 (2nd ed.): 41-53, 273.
—, “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment? [1784],” in Practical Philosophy. Translated by Mary J. Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999: 11-22.
 Recommended Reading
Immanuel Kant, "Analytic of the Sublime," in Critique of Judgment. Translated by James Creed Meredith; revised, edited, and introduced by Nicholas Walker. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007: 75-164.
Theodor Adorno, Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (2001 [1959])
Henry Allison, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism (2004)
Hannah Arendt, Lectures on Kant’s Political Philosophy (1992)
Geoffrey Bennington, “Kant’s Open Secret”, Theory, Culture and Society 28.7-8(2011): 26-40.
J.M. Bernstein, The Fate of Art: Aesthetic Alienation from Kant to Derrida and Adorno (1992)
Graham Bird, The Revolutionary Kant (2006)
Andrew Bowie, Aesthetics and Subjectivity: from Kant to Nietzsche (1990, 2003)
Howard Caygill, The Kant Dictionary (2000)
Ernst Cassirer, Kant's Life and Thought (1981)
Gilles Deleuze, Kant's Critical Philosophy (1984)
Will Dudley and Kristina Engelhard (eds.) Immanuel Kant: Key Concepts (2010)
Paul Guyer, Kant’s Critique of the Power of Judgment: Critical Essays (2003)
Martin Heidegger, Phenomenological Interpretation of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (1997)
Laura Hengehold, The BODY Problematic: Political Imagination in Kant and Foucault (2007)
Otfried Höffe, Immanuel Kant (1994)
Jean-François Lyotard, L’Enthousiasme: La critique kantienne de l’histoire. Paris: L’Éditions Galilée, 1986.
Rudolf Makkreel, Imagination and Interpretation in Kant: The Hermaneutic Import of the Critique of Judgment (1990)
Jean-Luc Nancy, A Finite Thinking (2003)
Andrea Rehberg and Rachel Jones (eds.), The Matter of Critique: Readings in Kant’s Philosophy (2000)
Philip Rothfield (ed.), Kant after Derrida (2003)
Rei Terada, Looking Away: Phenomenality and Dissatisfaction, Kant to Adorno (2009)
Yirmiahu Yovel, Kant and the Philosophy of History (1989)
  Week 3          
Recognition and the Other (Hegel)
 Required Reading
G.W.F. Hegel, “The Truth of Self-Certainty” and “Lordship and Bondage,” in The Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated by Terry Pinkard. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2018: 102-116.
—, “The Art-Religion,” in The Phenomenology of Spirit. Translated by Terry Pinkard. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2018: 403-430.
 Recommended Reading
G.W.F. Hegel, Introduction [§§1, 2, 3, 5, 6 and 8], in Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art. Translated by T.M. Knox. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975: 1-14; 22-55; 69-90.
Stuart Barnett (ed.), Hegel after Derrida (2001)
Frederick Beiser (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Hegel (1993)
Susan Buck-Morss, Hegel, Haiti, and Universal History (2009)
Rebecca Comay, Mourning Sickness: Hegel and the French Revolution (2011)
Rebecca Comay and John McCumber (eds.), Endings: Questions of Memory in Hegel and Heidegger (1999)
Eva Geulen, The End of Art: Readings in a Rumor after Hegel. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2006.
Werner Hamacher, “(The End of Art with the Mask),” in Stuart Barnett (ed.), Hegel after Derrida. London and New York: Routledge, 1998: 105-130.
Werner Hamacher, “The Reader’s Supper: A Piece of Hegel,” trans. Timothy Bahti, diacritics 11.2 (1981): 52-67.
H.S. Harris, Hegel: Phenomenology and System (1995)
Stephen Houlgate, An Introduction to Hegel: Freedom, Truth and History (2005)
Stephen Houlgate, Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit (2013)
Fredric Jameson, The Hegel Variations (2010)
Alexandre Kojève, Introduction to the Reading of Hegel. Lectures on the Phenomenology of Spirit. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1980.
Terry Pinkard, Hegel: A Biography (2001)
  Week 4          
Revolution … (Marx)
 Required Reading
Karl Marx, “I: Feuerbach,” The German Ideology, in Collected Works vol. 5. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1976: 27-93.
Karl Marx, "Theses on Feuerbach," available online (http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1845/theses/theses.htm)  
 Week 5
... and Repetition (Marx)
 Required Reading
Karl Marx, “Preface” to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy [1859], in Collected Works vol. 29. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1976: 261-165.
—, “Postface to the Second Edition” and “Chapter 1: The Commodity,” in Capital: A Critique of Political Economy. Trans. by B. Fowkes. London: Penguin, 1990: 95-103 and 125-177.
 Recommended Reading
Louis Althusser, For Marx (1969)
Hannah Arendt, “Karl Marx and the Tradition of Western Political Thought”, Social Research 69.2 (2002): 273-319.
Étienne Balibar, The Philosophy of Marx (1995, 2007)
Ernst Bloch, On Karl Marx (1971)
Andrew Chitty and Martin McIvor (eds.), Karl Marx and Contemporary Philosophy (2009)
Simon Choat, Marx Through Post-Structuralism: Lyotard, Derrida, Foucault, Deleuze (2010)
Jacques Derrida, Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning and the New International. New York and London: Routledge, 1994.
Werner Hamacher, “Lingua Amissa: The Messianism of Commodity-Language and Derrida’s Specters of Marx” (1999)
Jean Hyppolite, Studies on Marx and Hegel (1969)
Sarah Kofman, Camera Obscura: Of Ideology (1998)
Peter Singer, Marx: A Very Short Introduction (1980)
Michael Sprinker (ed.), Ghostly Demarcations: A Symposium on Jacques Derrida’s Specters of Marx (1999, 2008)
Moishe Postone, History and Heteronomy: Critical Essays (2009)
Moishe Postone, Time, Labor, and Social Domination: A Reinterpretation of Marx’s Critical Theory (1993)
Jacques Rancière, “The Concept of ‘Critique’ and the ‘Critique of Political Economy’ (from the 1844 Manuscript to Capital)”, Economy and Society 5.3 (1976): 352-376.
Tom Rockmore, Marx After Marxism: The Philosophy of Karl Marx (2002)
Gareth Stedman-Jones, Karl Marx: Greatness and Illusion (2016)
  Week 6
Tutorial Week
  Week 7          
Will to Becoming Otherwise (Nietzsche)
 Required Reading
Friedrich Nietzsche, "Preface" and "First Treatise," in On the Genealogy of Morality. Trans. by Maudemarie Clark and Alan J. Swensen. Indianopolis/Cambridge: Hackett, 1998: 1-33.
  Week 8                                                                                                                      
Ascetic Ideal and Eternal Return (Nietzsche)
 Required Reading
Friedrich Nietzsche, "Second Treatise" and "Third Treatise," in On the Genealogy of Morality. Trans. by Maudemarie Clark and Alan J. Swensen. Indianopolis/Cambridge: Hackett, 1998: 35-118.
Recommended Reading
Friedrich Nietzsche, §§341-342 of The Gay Science
Friedrich Nietzsche, “On Vision and Riddle” and “The Convalescent,” in Thus Spake Zarathustra III
Friedrich Nietzsche, “On Truth and Lying in a Non-Moral Sense,” in: The Birth of Tragedy and other writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Friedrich Nietzsche, “On the Uses and Abuses of History for Life,” in: Untimely Meditations. Trans. by R.J. Hollingdale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Gilles Deleuze, Nietzsche and Philosophy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006.
Jacques Derrida, Spurs: Nietzsche’s Styles. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1979.
Michel Foucault, "Nietzsche, Genealogy, History," in Language, Counter-Memory, Practice: Selected Essays and Interviews. Ed. by D. F. Bouchard. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977: 139-164.
R. Kevin Hill, Nietzsche’s Critiques: The Kantian Foundations of his Thought (2003)
Luce Irigaray, Marine Lover of Friedrich Nietzsche. Trans. by Gillian C. Gill. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.
Jean-Francois Lyotard, The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge. Trans. by Geoff Bennington and Brian Massumi. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1984.
Gianni Vattimo, The End of Modernity: Nihilism and Hermeneutics in Postmodern Culture. Trans. by Jon R. Snyder. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1988.
Alenka Zupančič, The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two (2003)
  Week 9          
Repetition Compulsion (Freud)
 Required Reading
Sigmund Freud, “Beyond the Pleasure Principle” [excerpts], in Peter Gay (ed.), The Freud Reader. London: Vintage, 1995: 594-625.
Recommended Reading
Theodor Adorno, “Revisionist Psychoanalysis,” Philosophy and Social Criticism 40.3 (2014): 326-338.
Louis Althusser, Writings on Psychoanalysis: Freud and Lacan (1996)
Lauren Berlant, Desire/Love (2012)
Leo Bersani, The Freudian Body: Psychoanalysis and Art (1986)
Rebecca Comay, “Resistance and Repetition: Freud and Hegel,” Research in Phenomenology 45 (2015): 237-266.
Jacques Derrida, Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression (1995)
Jacques Derrida, The Post Card: From Socrates to Freud and Beyond (1987)
Mladen Dolar, “Freud and the Political,” Unbound 4.15 (2008): 15-29.
Sarah Kofman, Freud and Fiction (1991)
Jacques Lacan, “The Agency of the Letter in the Unconscious; or Reason after Freud”, in Écrits: A Selection. Trans. by A. Sheridan. New York: Norton, 1977: 146-175.
Catherine Malabou, “Plasticity and Elasticity in Freud’s Beyond the Pleasure Principle.” Diacritics 37.4 (2007): 78-85.
Jean-Luc Nancy, "System of (Kantian) Pleasure (With a Freudian Postscript)," in Kant after Derrida. Ed. by Phil Rothfield. Manchester: Clinamen Press, 2003: 127-141.
Angus Nicholls and Martin Liebscher (eds.), Thinking the Unconscious: Nineteenth-Century German Thought (2010)
Charles Sheperdson, Vital Signs: Nature, Culture, Psychoanalysis (2000)
Samuel Weber, The Legend of Freud. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2000.
Alenka Zupančič, Ethics of the Real: Kant and Lacan. London: Verso, 2012 [reprint].
  Week 10        
Crisis of European Humankind (Husserl)
 Required Reading
Edmund Husserl, §§1-7 and §§10-21, The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. Trans. by David Carr. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1970: 2-18; 60-84.
Recommended Reading
Edmund Husserl, “Philosophy and the Crisis of European Humanity [Vienna Lecture],” in The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology. Trans. by David Carr. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1970: 269-299.
Jacques Derrida, The Other Heading: Reflections on Today’s Europe. Trans. by Pascale Anne Brault and Michael B. Naas. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1992: 4-83.
Paul de Man, “Criticism and Crisis,” in Blindness and Insight: Essays in the Rhetoric of Contemporary Criticism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971: 3-19.
James Dodd, Crisis and Reflection: An Essay on Husserl’s Crisis of the European Sciences (2004)
Burt C. Hopkins, The Philosophy of Husserl (2011)
David Hyder and Hans-Jörg Rheinberger, Science and the Life-World: Essays on Husserl’s Crisis of European Sciences (2010)
Leonard Lawlor, Derrida and Husserl: The Basic Problem of Phenomenology (2002)
Dermot Moran, The Husserl Dictionary (2012)
Paul Valéry, "Notes on the Greatness and Decline of Europe” and “The European,” in History and Politics. Trans. Denise Folliot and Jackson Matthews. New York: Bollingen, 1962: 228; 311-12.
David Woodruff Smith, Husserl (2007)
Barry Smith and David Woodruff Smith (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Husserl (1995)
  Week 11        
Crisis-Proof Experience (Benjamin)
 Required Reading
Walter Benjamin, “On Some Motifs in Baudelaire,” in Selected Writings vol. 4. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 2003: 313-355.
 Recommended Reading
Walter Benjamin, "Experience and Poverty"
—, "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproducibility”
—, “Theses on the Concept of History”
—, “Epistemo-Critical Prologue,” in The Origin of German Tragic Drama. Trans. by John Osborne. London and New York: Verso, 2003: 27-56.
—, “Convolute J,” The Arcades Project
—, The Writer of Modern Life: Essays on Charles Baudelaire (2006)
Benjamin and Theodor Adorno, “Exchange with Theodor W. Adorno on ‘The Paris of the Second Empire in Baudelaire,” in Benjamin, Selected Writings vol. 4 (1999).
Charles Baudelaire, The Flowers of Evil; The Painter of Modern Life
Ian Balfour, “Reversal, Quotation (Benjamin’s History)”, Modern Language Notes 106.3 (1991): 622-647.
Eduardo Cadava, Words of Light: Theses on the Photography of History (1997)
Tom Gunning, “The Exterior as Intérieur: Benjamin’s Optical Detective,” boundary 2 30.1 (2003).
Werner Hamacher, “Now: Benjamin on Historical Time” (2001; 2005)
General Background
Julian Wolfreys (ed.), Modern European Criticism and Theory: A Critical Guide (2006) Simon Critchley, Continental Philosophy: A Very Short Introduction (2001) Terry Pinkard, German Philosophy 1760-1860: The Legacy of Idealism (2002)
Andrew Bowie, Introduction to German Philosophy: From Kant to Habermas (2003)
Kai Hammermeister, The German Aesthetic Tradition (2002) Gary Gutting, French Philosophy in the Twentieth Century (2001)
Eric Matthews, Twentieth-Century French Philosophy (1996)
Jonathan Simons (ed.), From Kant to Lévi-Strauss: The Background to Contemporary Critical Theory (2002)
Learning Outcomes
-       You will have a grasp of the broad trends in the development of critical theory.
-       You will have a good understanding of how different modern philosophical traditions from German Idealism to Phenomenology inform the different strains of critical theory.
-       You will be able to expound and analyse the ways in which a range of different writers and tendencies in the history of modern thought conceive of the specificity of critique.
-       You will have a sound grasp of the primary and secondary literatures in critical theory, both on general issues and specific thinkers or schools.
-       You will be able to use the ideas and texts explored in the module to inform your readings in critical theoretical texts.
 Assessment Criteria
-       Students should show a clear command of how their chosen thinker(s) and texts relate to the broader trajectories of critical theory.
-       Students should show a detailed critical knowledge of at least two of the module’s key thinkers or theoretical tendencies.
-       Students should show a knowledge and capacity to use a good range of secondary literature on both general issues in the field and on the specific thinkers and texts they address.
-       Students should be able to read the relevant texts from both critical and genealogical perspectives.
-       Students should demonstrate their capacity to develop a distinctive and coherent interpretative and analytical perspective on their chosen subject.
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Uni of York: Gender & Sexuality - MST00006M
Gender and sexuality represent one of the liveliest areas of current research and contentious debate in medieval studies. Gender and sexual identities are neither given nor fixed, but rather learned and insistently fluid. It is the aim of this module to tease out their complexity and challenge assumptions. Seminar topics are likely to include gender and work, the body, masculinities, sex and commerce, virginities, marginal sexualities, prostitution, gender socialisation and the urban household, obscenity.
D. Hadley, ed., Masculinity in Medieval Europe (1999)
K. Lochrie, et al., eds., Constructing Medieval Sexuality (1997)
S.A. Farmer and C.B. Pasternack, eds., Gender and Difference in the Middle Ages (2003)
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Uni of York: The Invisible City - MST00066M
Module co-ordinator: Prof. Sarah Rees Jones
The module aims to explore both the use of networks in the study of the medieval city and medieval ideas about the ways in which networks of knowledge were created and passed on both spatially and temporally.
It aims to introduce approaches, methodologies and sources associated with the disciplines of Archaeology, Art History, Literature and History. It will introduce students to the methodologies and approaches of interdisciplinary scholarship and will ask how consideration of modern network theory challenges the ways in which we think about discipline boundaries or might bring new light to bear on the ways in which the sources we use were created and developed meaning
Bartholomew Anglicus, De proprietatibus rerum, Book 15 De regionibus et provinciis [On regions and places]
Giles of Rome, The Governance of Kings and Princes: John Trevisa’s Middle English Translation of the De VikingRegimine Principium of Aegidius Romanus, ed David C. Fowler, Charles F. Briggs and Paul G. Remley (New York, 1997), 164-168.
Ignacio Farias, ‘Decentring the object of urban studies’, Urban Assemblages: How Actor Network Theory Changes Urban Studies (Routledge, 2010), pp. 1-24 (esp. pp. 1-16)
Bruno Latour, Paris: Invisible City (2006) - section 1
Alber-Laszlo Barabasi, Linked: The New Science of Networks (2003)  Chapter 5
David Wallace, ‘Chaucer and the Absent City’ Chaucerian Polity
Sarah Rees Jones, ‘City and Country, Wealth and Labour’ in Peter Brown (ed.), A Companion to Medieval English Literature and Culture c. 1350-1500 (2007), pp. 56-73
Sarah Rees Jones, York, The Making of a City, c. 1068-1350 (Oxford, 2013), Chapter 7, ‘Town, Country, Trade, Fairs, Markets and Festivals’, pp. 235-269
Sindbaek, S.M. 2007. Networks and nodal points: the emergence of towns in early Viking Age Scandinavia Antiquity 81: 119–32. https://paperpile.com/shared/Nn7Qj2
Sindbæk, S. 2012. Viking Disruptions or Growing Integration? Contextualising Communication Networks in the 10th century North Sea, in S. Kleingärtner & G. Zeilinger (ed.) Raumbildung durch netzwerke ? der Ostseeraum zwischen wikingepzeitund spätmittelalter aus archäologischerund geschichtswissenschaftlicher perspektiveBonn: dr. Rudolf Habelt gmbh, pp.19-38. https://paperpile.com/shared/FA4IbF
Croix, S. 2014. Permanency in Early Medieval Emporia: Reassessing Ribe European Journal of Archaeology https://paperpile.com/shared/O6InqI
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
Domesday Book
Fenwick (ed.) The Poll Taxes of 1377, 1379 and 1381
England’s Immigrants Database online
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literature and philosophy
https://learn.gold.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=10622
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