learningnerve

[learningnerve]

Hej Nordiska vänner and everybody

There is a thing called Runeberg.org that is like Project Gutenberg, but focusing on Nordic texts. They have scans of old books, from which a computer has extracted the text, and that automatic text needs to be proofread and corrected to match the scanned page.

Its a lot of stuff in Swedish but also plenty other languages too (Danish and Norwegian and Finnish, but also German, French, English, Latin...)

So if you wanna do some volunteer good work in the world you can help out with the proofreading. It's all done in the browser, I've been doing it on the phone, so it really doesn't take anything special.

Some stuff is in blackletter, which can be hard to read if youre not used to it, but there's also stuff in more modern fonts.

Here are the instructions in how to do it:

I'm currently proofreading a Finnish translation of Danish stories from the 1800s. You can arrange the titles according to language, so you can find the ones you can read.

There are at least a couple of "English-speaking person travels in Sweden and describes what's there" -books that are in English in the time period I looked at.

#oh interesting? #check later #mostly to see what the vibe is. i hope it's not like. nazis #but i guess the notes are pointing towards it being normal

[learningnerve]

💬 Linguistics Challenge 📚 - June

This challenge will teach you the basics of linguistics step-by-step over the course of 12 months.

This month, we’ll look at: text linguistics.

Each month you get a few exercises (depending on how complex the topic is), so you can take breaks in between days or use those days to revise and practice. I’ve put links to all the topics on which i made blog posts, but you’re very welcome to do your own research online.

This challenge is based on what I learned in the first semesters of my linguistic studies at uni, and it’s aimed at giving you a broad introduction and teaching you the most important concepts from several different fields of linguistics.

Throughout the month, you’ll get the chance to apply your new knowledge in some exercises and tasks. If you want, you can share your work via reblog with the tag #linguisticschallenge, i’d love to see your contributions :)

Also, feel free to follow me so you won’t miss next month’s challenge!

Inform yourself about the field of text linguistics and what it analyses

Find out what a text is and how ‘text’ is defined

Look at the 5 text types and what they mean

Task: Find an example text for each of the 5 text types

Look at what text forms and text form variants are

Task: Think of different text forms and text form variants for each of the 5 text types

Look at coherence and cohesion and what they mean

Task: Look at the cohesion type reference and find or think of example sentences for it

Task: Look at the cohesion type ellipsis and find or think of example sentences for it

Task: Look at the cohesion type substitution and find or think of example sentences for it

Task: Look at the cohesion type lexical cohesion and find or think of example sentences for it

Task: Look at the cohesion type conjunction and find or think of example sentences for it

If you’re quick or want to learn more, you could check out my linguistics masterpost to see if i made any new posts on this topic after creating this challenge. You could also take a look at these book tips:

Book tips:

Biber, Douglas. (1989). “A typology of English texts”. Linguistics 27, 3-44. 

De Beaugrande, R.; Dressler, W. (1981). Introduction to Text Linguistics. London: Longman. 

Esser, J. (2009). Introduction to English Text-linguistics. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. 

Halliday, M. A. K; Hasan R. (1976). Cohesion in English. London: Longman. 

Werlich, E. (1983). A text grammar of English. Heidelberg: Quelle & Meyer.

.

Next month, we’ll look at the field of sociolinguistics and language variation

(Link to last month’s challenge)

[learningnerve]

There this french radio station called FIP that in addition to being a great radio station has different webradios each dedicated to one musical genre. AND they've created a new one called "Sacré Français !" that only plays songs in french, and not just from France but from the whole francophone world! They are pretty eclectic in their choices and I thought it could interest some of you if you're looking for new artists to add to your language playlists :)

You can listen here or in the Radio France app.

PS: the webradios are music only, there's no talking. But I definitely recommend listening to the regular FIP station if you want small doses of listening practice, they do speak in a relaxed way!

#french

[learningnerve]

Putain de + noun

#french

[learningnerve]

You think you're an ally or whatever and then you hear another language with a gender system refer to a noun in a different gender than you're used to and all of a sudden you're like "NO. CHAIRS ARE GIRLS"

#the moon is a he/him lesbian and there's nothing you can do about it

[learningnerve]

"He wouldn't say that" in a 'fic author trying to use terms of endearment in a language they clearly do not understand'

#somewhat related. ich hab mal bei dwds ohne groß nachzudenken nach synonymen für das wort 'schatz' gesucht #meinte dabei schatz im sinne von treasure #konnte dann aber leider nicht weiterarbeiten als ich die synonymliste gesehen habe #german

[learningnerve]

spanish resource lists for learners

a list of lists!! levels are estimated.

refold has a crowdsourced resource list for spanish, curated & with notes | A1 to C2

dreamingspanish on reddit has a crowdsourced spreadsheet with over 90 channels geared towards learners | A1 to C2

learn natively has a huge deck of spanish books sorted by difficulty by learners | A1 to C2

prensa escrita has a list of news websites sorted by country & sometimes city | B1 to C1 probably

the CI wiki has an editable list of CI resources and a couple of native content links | A1 to like B2?

comprehensible hub has tons of spanish podcasts for learners | A1 to B2

letterboxd has a ton of very fun #español lists, e.g. movies mentioned in the wild project podcast, latin american female directors, made in puerto rico | ~B2 to C2

there are also a ton of moocs in spanish for intermediate to advanced learners (moocs are online courses, usually free) | B1 to C2

#spanish

[learningnerve]

What's the difference between subjunctive imperfect -ra and -se ? (Photo example of ConjuGato) And do people actually use these tenses colloquially irl???

There used to be more of a difference; today it's more likely that in Latin America you'll see the -ra endings. Spain makes more of a distinction

Short answer: Yes, imperfect subjunctive is used quite often. Primarily, imperfect subjunctive is used when you have if/then statements - imperfect subjunctive is the "if", and conditional tense is the "then"

[si tuviera dinero "if I had money", si estuviera allí "if I were there"... etc.]

A more complete if/then is like si tuviera (el) dinero, viajaría más "if I had (the) money, I would travel more" ... and you can flip that like viajaría más si tuviera (el) dinero

Primarily imperfect subjunctive is using a subjunctive expression in the past or it's talking about hypothetical things that may/may not happen in the future but more doubtful or contrary to fact; like "if I had money" or "if I were rich"... implication is that it's not realistic or doubtful, as opposed to someone's long term goal like "when I'm a doctor" or "when I graduate" etc.

Future tense is used more as an eventual thing, imperfect subjunctive is a hypothetical

Or did you mean, "Do people use the -se endings?" Because the answer is - Yes, people in Spain more often use this on the regular. Latin America rarely

This is going to require some extra long history explanation with grammar that you may not know, so please bear with me I will try to be concise

-

Originally, the two subjunctive tenses were more distinct

In Spanish there are three moods - imperative [commands], subjunctive, and indicative [literally everything else]

And in those moods there are tenses, predominantly present, past, and future tense

For subjunctive there was a more distinct present subjunctive, a past subjunctive [imperfect subjunctive], and a more distinct future subjunctive for future or hypothetical

-

Secondly, we have to briefly discuss pluperfect for later on

The perfect tenses today are done with haber + past participle

Present perfect is like he hablado "I have spoken", he comido "I have eaten", he vivido "I have lived"

Pluperfect is this idea just in past tense; now done with the imperfect form of haber + past participle... había hablado/comido/vivido "I had spoken/eaten/lived" - so instead of "have" it's now "had"

...

In older Spanish, pluperfect was done with the -ra endings... this is because haber was used like tener is today, and the haber + past participle wasn't as common

In other words, it used to be that hablara was "I had spoken"; and it wasn't subjunctive at the time

-

So back to subjunctive; at some point, the imperfect subjunctive [past subjunctive] merged with the future subjunctive and the true future subjunctive went out of style to become obsolete

And for reference, future subjunctive had -re endings like hablare, comiere, viviere... for ser it was fuere so you might see some older writing use si fuere menester which is "should it happen to be necessary"; in contracts it sometimes get used as "in the event of" but it's super antiquated

-

In modern Spanish I mentioned it's more of a regional distinction now

Latin America uses any kind of imperfect subjunctive typically with -ra endings

...

Spain makes more of a distinction between the two

Spain will sometimes say things like quería que pusieras la mesa "I wanted you to set the table" for a past subjunctive

But then say si fuese necesario "if necessary" / "in the event of"

In other words, Spain makes more of a distinction between something subjunctive happening in the past [-ra], and something that may happen in the future as a hypothetical [-se]

This is mostly important for hypotheticals; Latin America might say si (yo) fuera presidente/presidenta "if I were president", Spain might say si (yo) fuese presidente/presidenta "if I were president"

And so Spain might make a more grammatical distinction between something like si supiera/si lo hubiera sabido "if I knew/had known (at that time in the past)", and then si supiese "if I were to know" as a potential future

-

English subjunctive works very similarly

We say "if I was" as if it were past tense, but it's not technically past

If we want to be extra clear it's a hypothetical we say "if I were" is distinctly subjunctive

We phrase other things like this - "if I knew" vs. "if I were to know", or "if I lived" vs. "if I were to live"

This is a holdover from German's subjunctive conjugations but it's very similar to how Spain treats the subjunctive; that one is more distinctly subjunctive and that's "if I were", and that it almost sounds more formal - "if you lived in the city, what would you do?" vs. "if you were to live in the city, what would you do?"

-

And just some additional information that you should know

Although Latin America uses -ra endings for imperfect subjunctive, they do recognize it as pluperfect in certain situations

This is a holdover from literary traditions, where in older Spanish (or in things set in the medieval period) you may see -ra used as pluperfect

As an example, someone once mentioned Lord of the Rings used llamara that way and they weren't sure why it was subjunctive - but it was pluperfect, llamara as "had called"

The most notable example of this is in journalism or biographies you will sometimes see it as pluperfect

Modern Spanish tends to say nació "was born" for people/biographies, but in some cases you'll see naciera "was born/had been born"; for Latin Americans this comes across as a style change, like a shift in the formality

...But you'd NEVER see naciese used like this because it wouldn't make sense

#spanish #thank you sm for the explanation bc this is the only way i ever remember anything related to grammar

[learningnerve]

Norwegian Word of the Day 13/03/24

labb (m), pote (m) - paw

en labb | labben | labber | labbene

en pote | poten | poter | potene

Usage note: en labb refers to the whole foot, while en pote is usually used to talk about the soft squishy part. You know. The part you gently squeeze while your pet is asleep because it's just so squishable.

Fortalte jeg dere om den gangen katten min stakk labben sin i munnen min? (Have I told you guys about the time my cat stuck his paw in my mouth?)

Veisalt kan skade hundepotene, så du må være forsiktig om vinteren. (Road salt can hurt dogs' paws, so you have to be careful in winter)

#norwegian

[learningnerve]

9 number things you might not know as a foreign speaker of Danish

This is a mishmash of both cultural things and linguistic things. The idea for this post appeared in my head at 3 am so bear with me. As for the lack of links, I am adding them in a reblog to try to avoid tumblr nerfing my post.

1) Quarters – how to measure time In Denmark, we love measuring time in quarters of an hour. We love it so much we don't care about specifying the kind of quarter, it's just kvarter (itk.). Generally, we tend to use kvarter mostly just when speaking about 15 or 45 minutes, but it does go further than that. So here's a quick guide on how to tell time other than just doing as you would in English:

15 minutes – et kvarter 30 minutes – en halv time 45 minutes – tre kvarter 75 minutes/1h 15m – en time og et kvarter · fem kvarter 90 minutes/1h 30m – halvanden time (see 2) 105 minutes/1h 45m – en time og tre kvarter

and so forth, if you care to. Using fem kvarter is uncommon but acceptable, but never go further than that using just quarters of an hour. I would say that once you pass 2 hrs, I most commonly hear people starting to just count hours and minutes as you would in English.

2) Halvanden – half second An archaic way of saying 'one and a half' that just stuck for some reason. This is the preferred way to say 'one and a half ' for most people. No, this is not a joke.

Halvanden, 'half second' means halfway between one and two. Until quite recently (we're talking less than a century) halvtredje (2.5), halvfjerde (3.5), etc. were also in common use, but they have disappeared so rapidly that most current speakers will have absolutely no idea what the hell you're talking about. However, the ghosts of this way of counting live on in the numbers halvtreds (50), halvfjerds (70), and halvfems (90). You can read more about that in my old post about Danish numbers (see reblogs).

3) Week 42 We use week numbers! Week 1 is the first week in the new year to contain a Thursday, as we count weeks as Monday through Sunday. You don't necessarily need to know what week it is all the time, but a lot of adults use weeks in place of specific dates. I am forever thankful to ugenr.dk (you just type in a date and it tells you what week it is in or vice versa).

Important weeks are:

Week 7/8 – winter break for kids in primary and secondary school (not to be confused with Christmas break). It varies depending on municipality whether it's week 7 or 8. Lots of people go skiing these weeks.

Week 26 through 31 – summer break is usually during these weeks. All students in primary and secondary school, as well as university students and students doing professional bachelor's degrees and the like have these weeks off from school.

Week 42 – arguably the most important week. All students mentioned above have this week off from school. It's autumn break and it's ALWAYS week 42 and JUST week 42. Originally, it was to allow students in rural areas help their parents harvest potatoes (a nickname for autumn break is kartoffelferien 'the potato break'), and we just kept it.

4) DD-MM-(YY)YY If you write dates as MM-DD people will think you're a lunatic. Don't, unless you're specifically talking about 9/11, colloquially referred to as just 9/11 (nine-eleven, as you would say it in English).

5) 00:00 Denmark, like a lot of other European countries, uses 24hr clocks. Obviously, analogue clocks and watches are common, and it's perfectly ok to say stuff like klokken fire om eftermiddagen 'four o'clock in the afternoon' or klokken otte om aftenen 'eight o'clock in the evening', but you are expected to just know that 21:00 is the same as 9 PM. You can also say klokken toogtyve 'twenty-two o'clock', and it's quite normal to ask for clarification of whether people are talking AM or PM by saying stuff like klokken elleve eller klokken treogtyve? 'eleven o'clock or twenty-three o'clock?'. You cannot use AM and PM when speaking or writing Danish. The day begins at midnight; 00:00.

Don't worry yourself too much over this. Everyone occasionally forgets that 19:00 is in fact 7 o'clock and not 9 o'clock.

6) Halv to – half one When you're measuring half hours in Danish, you're always measuring towards the next whole number. It's never half past, it's always half to. As such, half (past) one is halv to 'half two' in Danish.

7) Grades (years) This is an ultra quick rundown of the Danish school system. School is mandatory for 10 years and homeschooling is allowed. This covers primary and lower secondary school.

Most people start school the year they turn 6. My birthday is in April, so I was 6 when I stated school, my sister's birthday is in September, so she was 5.

The mandatory grades are as follows. The ages are all possibly ages of a child attending that grade (not accounting for starting school early or late):

Indskolingen, grades 0-3 0. klasse/børnehaveklasse - 5-7 yo 1. klasse – 6-8 yo 2. klasse – 7-9 yo 3. klasse – 8-10 yo

Mellemtrinnet, grades 4-6 4. klasse – 9-11 yo 5. klasse – 10-12 yo 6. klasse – 11-13 yo

Overbygningen/udskolingen, grades 7-9 7. klasse – 12-14 yo 8. klasse - 13-15 yo 9. klasse - 14-16 yo

Some may choose to do 10. klasse, if they feel like they need more schooling or maybe if they're attending an efterskole.

Once they've finished their mandatory schooling, a lot of Danes choose to attend upper secondary school. You can do it in 3 years (stx, hhx, htx, and eux) or 2 years (hf, 2-årigt studenterkursus). Special circumstances like being an elite level athlete or attending MGK (preparation for attending a music conservatoire) may lead to people spending 4 years in upper secondary. Hf often sees a lot of adult students.

Gymnasium/HF, the grades are said as [ordinal number, letter(s)] 1.g (15-17 yo)/1.hf 2.g (16-18 yo)/2.hf 3.g (17-19 yo)

8) Grades (performance)

Danish schools have a 7-grade system. It's called 7-trinskalaen, and each grade corresponds to an ECTS grade (in fact, it's specifically designed for compatibility, and a lot of people above the age of 30 miss the old scale). Generally, students don't get grades until 7th grade. The grades are:

12 – A 10 – B 7 – C 4 – D 02 – E 00 – Fx -3 – F

If you are not familiar with the ECTS system, E, Danish 02, is the lowest passing grade. The intention behind the 0's in 02 and 00 is to make it impossible for the students to "change" their grade by just adding 1 in front of the grade, but the 0's are in fact also said out loud.

9) Ordinal numbers

Ordinal numbers are written as a number followed by a full stop. You do not capitalise the first letter of any word following the full stop (see 7) even though MS Word will try to convince you it's the right thing to do.

You can read a lot more about numbers on the Danish numbers post (again, in a reblog), but the basics that might not be covered by formal learning materials are:

nulte zeroth. This literally only exists for 0. klasse and for numbers to the zeroth power. fyrretyvende/fyrrende* – fortieth halvtredsindstyvende/halvtredsende* – fiftieth tresindstyvende/tressende* – sixtieth halvfjerdsindstyvende/halvfjerdsende* – seventieth firsindstyvende/firsende* – eightieth halvfemsindstyvende/halvfemsende* – ninetieth

The forms marked with an asterisk are largely informal spoken language to the degree that they are even considered wrong by some. Generally, they are accepted as the standard forms among the younger generations, but be careful when talking to people above the age of ~45.

#... suddenly my danish lecturer asking about the calendar week whenever we plan sessions starts making sense lol #danish

[learningnerve]

How to articulate your emotions in Danish

WARNING: LONG POST AHEAD

Literal years ago, I got an ask about how to talk about emotions in Danish. I was never really entirely sure, what the person was asking about, but I recently had the idea to just flat out translate one of those "how to identify which emotion you're experiencing" charts. So here goes nothing

Please note: all of these are approximations, and a lot of the words that are used to describe the same general feeling are in fact more or less interchangeable, as is the case with the emotion chart.

This is the chart I used:

[ID in alt text]

bange - fearful

noun: frygt - fear

bange, frygtsom, ræd - scared hjælpeløs - helpless skræmt, rædselsslagen - frightened

nervøs, ængstelig - anxious overvældet - overwhelmed bekymret - worried

usikker - insecure utilstrækkelig - inadequate underlegen, mindreværdig - inferior

svag - weak værdiløs - worthless ubetydelig, betydningsløs - insignificant

afvist - rejected holdt udenfor, ekskluderet - excluded forfulgt - persecuted

truet - threatened nervøs - nervous udsat - exposed

sur - angry

noun: vrede - anger

skuffet, svigtet - let down forrådt - betrayed forurettet - resentful

ydmyget - humiliated ikke føle sig respekteret - feel disrespected gjort nar ad, latterliggjort - ridiculed

bitter - bitter forarget - indignant krænket - violated

vred - mad rasende - furious jaloux - jealous

aggressiv - aggressive provokeret - provoked hostile - fjendtlig

frustreret - frustrated arrig - infuriated irriteret - annoyed

fjern - distant tilbagetrukken/tilbagetrukket - withdrawn følelsesløs, følelsesforladt - numb

kritisk - critical skeptisk - sceptical affejende, afvisende - dismissive

frastødt - disgusted

noun: afsky - disgust

misbilligende - disapproving fordømmende - judgemental pinligt berørt - embarrassed

skuffet - disappointed forfærdet - appalled væmmes (verb, reflexive) - to be revolted e.g. jeg væmmes ved lugten af fisk 'I am revolted by the smell of fish'

frygtelig - awful kvalm - nauseated foragtelig - detestable

frastødt - repelled forfærdet - horrified tøvende - hesitant

ked af det - sad

noun: bedrøvelse, sorg - sadness, sorrow

såret - hurt flov - embarrassed skuffet - disappointed

deprimeret*, nedtryk - depressed mindreværdig - inferior tom, følelsesforladt - empty *while deprimeret like English depressed primarily should be used in relation to a medical diagnosis of depression, it is also used as a synonym of nedtrykt (literally ned 'down, de' + trykt 'pressed') in the vernacular

skyldig - guilty fortrydende, skyldbetynget, angerfuld - remorseful skamfuld - ashamed

fortvivlelse - despair adj: fortvivlet - despairing sorg - grief adj: sorgfuld, sorgramt, sørgende - grief-stricken, grieving magtesløs - powerless

sårbar - vulnerable gjort til offer, offergjort - victimised skrøbelig - fragile

ensom - lonely isoleret - isolated efterladt - abandoned

glad - happy

noun: glæde, lykke - happiness

legesyg, legende - playful ophidset - aroused fræk - cheeky

tilfreds - content fri - free lykkelig, glad - joyful

interesseret - interested nysgerrig - curious videbegærlig - inquisitive

stolt - proud succesfuld, succesrig - succesful selvsikker - confident

accepteret - accepted respekteret - respected værdsat - valued

stærk, magtfuld - powerful modig - courageous kreativ - creative

fredfyldt - peaceful kærlig - loving taknemmelig - thankful

tillidsfuld - trusting følsom, sensitiv - sensitiv intim, tæt - intimate

optimistisk - optimistic håbefuld - hopeful inspireret - inspired

overrasket - surprised

noun: overraskelse - surprise

forskrækket - startled chokeret - shocked forfærdet - dismayed

forvirret - confused desillusioneret - disillusioned perpleks - perplexed

forbløffet - amazed forbavset - astonished ærefrygt - awe

begejstret, spændt - excited ivrig - eager energisk - energetic

dårligt - bad

kede sig (verb, reflexive) - to be bored e.g. jeg keder mig 'I am bored' ligeglad - indifferent apatisk - apathetic

travl - busy presset - pressured forhastet - rushed

stresset - stressed overvældet - overwhelmed ude af kontrol - out of control

træt - tired søvnig - sleepy ufokuseret - unfocussed

#danish

[learningnerve]

ok, this is amazing. I found a great site with short stories in 34 languages!

"WorldStories is a growing collection of stories from around the world. The collection includes retold traditional tales and new short stories in the languages most spoken by UK children.

We are adding new stories, translations, pictures and sound recordings every week. So keep coming back to enjoy new content!"

#oooh #to check out

[learningnerve]

How can one express disapproval colloquially? Or what are the equivalents for "Not cool"?

I think the closest all-purpose expression you're looking for is no vale which is sometimes no se vale

It literally means "that's not valid" or "that's not accepted", but colloquially you use it like "that's not fair" or "that's not okay"; it's especially common in games or for kids when someone does something that's like cheating or they're suddenly winning etc and it's like "that's not fair!" - that's no (se) vale

There are some regionalisms for "boring" like I know Chile says qué fome but most of Spanish recognizes aburrido/a "boring" or qué aburrido/a "how boring"

I don't know if it's common in other places but I believe Spain uses the word pesado/a which is literally "heavy" to kind of be a mix of "stick in the mud" and "annoying" - it's just short of calling someone an ass, but it can also mean that something is uncool or ruining the vibe

The other expressions I can think of are kind of like shock/disapproval like no puedo creerlo "I can't believe it", or no me digas which can either be "don't tell me" or "you don't say" - sometimes people will say some variation of lo que faltó or like lo que me hizo falta which is something like "just what I needed" but it's literally "(exactly) what was missing", and that expression is like disapproval + a feeling of frustration/exhaustion just like English [and of course you can change the indirect object like lo que nos faltaba "just what we needed" / lo que nos hizo falta "just what we needed"]

...

Aside from that it kind of depends on the exact disapproval but there are many standard ways to express some things

The expressions I can think of are more standard throughout all of Spanish, but decepcionante is "disappointing" or ¡qué decepcionante! "how disappointing" or ¡qué decepción! "what a disappointment"

The verb is decepcionar "to disappoint" so it could be like me decepcionas "you disappoint me"

...

Standard Spanish also uses aguafiestas which is gender neutral but it's like "party-pooper", literally aguar la fiesta is "to throw water on the party" but is also "to spoil someone's fun"... so the noun aguafiestas is like "spoilsport"; in school we were taught to think of it as "raining on someone's parade" for the image of water

Other expressions are like mentira which is literally "lie" but it could be "you are lying" or "that is a lie" etc. calling somone a liar is typically mentiroso/a

Another commonplace expression is no tener gracia "to not be funny" usually said of situations so no tiene nada de gracia "that's not funny at all" or no veo la gracia (en algo) "I don't see what's funny (about something)"

More extreme or dramatic ones are like traidor/traidora "traitor" or using traicionar "to betray"

#spanish

[learningnerve]

hey y'all, just found a site where you can sort twitch streamers by some languages

#oh? #i barely ever watch twitch streams but still gonna save this

[learningnerve]

Is callate the polite "cerra el pico". Or are they both slang and improper?

callarse "to be quiet" isn't necessarily improper (it's also not slang), but I would say cierra el pico [literally "shut your beak"] is more aggressive or insulting

callar as a regular verb is "to hush (someone)" or "to quiet someone down", while callarse is "to be(come) quiet" or "to shut up"

As a command, cállate isn't necessarily insulting or improper, but it can be used that way - even so, cállese for usted or cállense for plural exist and I know teachers would say that to us if we were being too loud

I wouldn't say it's improper or mean unless it's used that way; but cállate la boca is more insulting as "shut your mouth" or literally "quiet down your mouth"

If you're specifically looking for a more polite ways to get people to be quiet, there's silencio "silence" or saying atención "attention"... one of my teachers used to say escuchen "listen/listen up", or they'd use the verb calmarse "to calm down" rather than callarse "to shut up"

I feel like silencio is pretty common... Oh, and in a court you'd hear orden en la sala "order in the court(room)" which you could definitely use in regular life as a kind of funny thing

#spanish

[learningnerve]

So I downloaded Polygloss yesterday and it's really really fun but it drives me crazy how long you have to wait for people to reply to you bc there's so few there

Anyway is anyone here on polygloss? If so please let me know so I can follow you, or follow me here (I hope this is the right link lol)

#langblr #polygloss #i currently just set it to spanish and norwegian but honestly I'm just looking for people #if you're learning another language hit me up anyway

[learningnerve]

Hola, gente maravillosos en mi cellular. :] Estoy tratando de mejorar mi español. ¿Alguien puede derirme algún buen youtubers para ver? (Preferiblemente con subtítulos en inglés, porque todavía solo tengo nivel a1 🫣 (pero casi a2)). Me gustan los vídeos con guiones, los vídeos de juegos tranquilos y los sketches cómicos. ¡Ahora es tu oportunidad de promocionar a tu creador favorito! ¡Mucho gracias! <3

#reblogging to keep an eye on the recommendations in the notes coming in #spanish