#nicolas fouquet | Explore Tumblr Posts and Blogs

livesunique · 7 months

Text

The cabinet of games, Château de Vaux-le-Vicomte, France

#art #design #architecture #history #luxury lifestyle #style #luxury house #luxury home #chateau #castle #vaux-le-vicomte #france #nicolas fouquet #cabinet #maincy

500 notes · View notes

gwydpolls · 1 year

Text

Time Travel Question

Remember, nothing that would substantially change history. Pleasure only.

#Time Travel #Vaslav Nijinsky #L'apres Midi d'un Faune #The Crystal Palace #Coney Island #The Hanging Gardens of Babylon #Nicolas Fouquet

546 notes · View notes

captainsamta · 10 months

Text

A series of mini portraits

#artists on tumblr #digital art #drawing #digital drawing #digital sketch #sketch #portrait #portrait drawing #Charles Perrault #Jean-Baptiste Colbert #Anne of Austria #King Louis XIV #Philippe I Duke of Orléans #Cardinal Mazarin #Nicolas Fouquet #Jean de La Fontaine #Claude Perrault #I'm so tired #Louis XIV

23 notes · View notes

histoireettralala · 2 years

Text

She "does nothing that is not delightful": Marquise Du Parc.

The next candidate for stardom was also a widow, although somewhat merrier. Marquise-Thérèse Gorla, known as Mlle Du Parc, was the opposite of Mlle Des Œillets: she was a less accomplished actress, but beautiful and notorious because of her relationship with Racine. References to her by the gazetteers almost always stress her height and her beauty and her ability as a dancer; she was the grande et belle Mlle Du Parc. Recent scholarship has also made much of her. For instance, in his earliest account of seventeenth-century actors, Les Grands Comédiens du XVIIe siècle, Georges Mongrédien includes biographies of nine actors and one actress: Marquise Du Parc.

[..]

The glimpses we get of Mlle Du Parc over the next few years all testify to her attractiveness to men. When Daniel de Cosnac, for isntance, describes the competition between the Molière-Béjart troupe and the troupe of Cormier to become the prince de Conti's resident company in Pézenas in 1653, he notes that the prince's secretary, Sarasin, favored the Molière-Béjart troupe because he had fallen in love with Mlle Du Parc. And both Pierre Corneille and his younger brother Thomas wrote love poetry to her, although, as Georges Forestier notes, it would be injudicious to assume, as some have, that they were in love with her. To do so would be to

"ignore all the poetic tradition: for Corneille, Marquise was the pretext for a long-distance joust with the great Ronsard on the theme of fugitive beauty and immortality, of the revenge of the aging poet… Thomas Corneille also wrote some verses to her, as if the two brothers were engaged in a little poetic tournament with Marquise as their inspiration."

Molière wrote a verse to her as well, very conventional, remarking on her beautiful complexion, her admirable figure, even her wit. Part of the Molière roman is the belief that he was in love with her or slept with all three of the actresses in the provincial troupe: Madeleine, Marquise, and Catherine de Brie. In fact, there is no hard evidence that he was the lover of either Mlle de Brie or Mlle Du Parc, both of whom appear to have been content with their husbands. André Chagny, in his biography of Mlle Du Parc, concludes that her private life was perfectly correct until after her husband died. And, besides, she was very often pregnant. She had at least five children, three of whom were living at the time of Du Parc's death in 1664.

Sorting out what roles Molière may have written for Mlle Du Parc is not easy, but it does not appear that he featured her or thought of her as a star. We are reasonably sure that none of his major ingenue roles were written for her; those usually went to Mlle de Brie and, later, to Mlle Molière [..]

It was when Molière introduced his comedy-ballets that someone like Marquise Du Parc would have been invaluable. The first of these plays with music was Les Fâcheux, written for Nicolas Fouquet's ill-fated fête at Vaux-le-Vicomte on August 17, 1661 [..] However, even though ballet interludes were normally performed by hired professionals and not by members of the troupe, in this instance Loret writes about:

La Du Parc, that beautiful actress, With the bearing of an Empress, Who, whether singing or dancing, Does nothing that is not delightful.

[..]

Molière found other opportunities to capitalize on the legs, the beauty and the presence of Mlle Du Parc, especially during the famous Plaisirs de L'Ile Enchantée, Louis XIV's 1664 entertainement at Versailles. On the first day she represented "Spring", dressed in green embroidered with silver and multi-colored flowers, and spoke a tribute to the queen Marie-Thérèse..

Virginia Scott- Women on the Stage in Early Modern France: 1540-1750.

#xvii #virginia scott #women on the stage in early modern france #marquise du parc #mademoiselle du parc #actresses #jean baptiste poquelin #molière #nicolas fouquet #louis xiv #marie thérèse d'autriche

8 notes · View notes

parkstone-international · 1 year

Text

The Virgin Mary from Early Medieval to Early Modern Art

The text below is the excerpt of the book The Virgin and Child (ISBN: 9781683254638), written by Kyra Belán and Ernest Renan, published by Parkstone International. The earliest images of Mary were probably introduced into early Christian iconography during the 2nd and 3rd centuries. This was a time in human history when society was committed to relieving women of their remaining rights and…

View On WordPress

1 note · View note

creart23-blog · 11 days

Text

Portrait of the dwarf of Cardinal de Granvelle holding a dog, circa 1560, by

Mor van Dashorst, Anthonis also known as Moro, Antonio, Utrecht, 1519/Antwerp, 1575

The dog's collar bears the coat of arms of the future cardinal Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (1517-1586), bishop of Arras, minister of Charles Quint

This dog with the head of a pointer and the coat of a mastiff is a hunting dog of a type which no longer exists today, probably coming from Spain. This particularity is a significant fact of the entourage of Charles V.

The work was the property of Superintendent Nicolas Fouquet 1615/1680 at the castle of Vaux-le-Vicomte,

Condemned for serious breach to life imprisonment by Louis XIV, the painting was sequestered in the custody of the painter Ch. Le Brun, 1662; seized by decree of the King's Council, 1671, thus entering into the coll. of Louis XIV:

#Mor van Dashorst

11 notes · View notes

thegreenwallrabbit-blog · 1 year

Text

Explaining one of VTMB paintings (pt 5)

Pierre Séguier, Chancelier de France (translated Pierre Séguier, Chancellor of France) oil on canvas 2nd quarter of the 17th century (1660 - 1661) by Charles Le Brun

Charles Le Brun (baptised 24 February 1619 – 12 February 1690) was a French painter, physiognomist, art theorist, and a director of several art schools of his time. As court painter to Louis XIV, who declared him "the greatest French artist of all time", he was a dominant figure in 17th-century French art and much influenced by Nicolas Poussin Le Brun primarily worked for King Louis XIV, for whom he executed large altarpieces and battle pieces. His most important paintings are at Versailles. Besides his gigantic labours at Versailles and the Louvre, the number of his works for religious corporations and private patrons is enormous. Le Brun was also a fine portraitist and an excellent draughtsman, but he was not fond of portrait or landscape painting, which he felt to be a mere exercise in developing technical prowess. What mattered was scholarly composition, whose ultimate goal was to nourish the spirit. The fundamental basis on which the director of the Academy-based his art was unquestionably to make his paintings speak, through a series of symbols, costumes and gestures that allowed him to select for his composition the narrative elements that gave his works a particular depth. For Le Brun, a painting represented a story one could read.[1]

Pierre Séguier (May 28, 1588,- Jan. 28, 1672) was the chancellor of France under kings Louis XIII and Louis XIV, in the critical period during which monarchical power was consolidated. In 1635 Séguier became chancellor of France, the supreme legal officer, with tenure of that dignity for life. His adherence to the powerful cardinals Richelieu and Mazarin kept him in uninterrupted exercise of his functions until 1650. He was sent in 1637 to Val-de-Grâce to examine the papers of the queen of France, Anne of Austria, who was suspected of secretly corresponding with Spain. Some historians say he saved her by warning her of the investigation. In 1639 he was sent to supervise the repression of a revolt in Normandy. He presided in 1642 over the trial of the Marquis de Cinq-Mars, who was condemned to death for conspiring against Richelieu.During the revolt of the Fronde, Séguier, like many others, vacillated, and in the last phase of the Fronde in Paris he was aligned with the rebel princes until August 1652. During those troubles, he was twice relieved of his functions (1650–51 and 1651–56). Early in the personal reign of Louis XIV, in December 1662, he was put in charge of the trial of the finance minister, Nicolas Fouquet, who had been accused of embezzlement, and he conducted it brutally enough to secure a verdict against Fouquet. From 1665 he presided over the new Council of Justice for the reform of the legal system.[2]

This painting hangs in LaCroix's office next to his entrance way meaning it is one of the painting he looks directly at, and hangs next to the painting of Louis XIV en Empereur Romain [Louis XIV depicted as Alexander the Great] (second half of 17th century) by Unknown artist. First off for someone who “was an officer in Napoleons army” he sure has a lot of Royalists paintings. It is also of note as the only other large paintings of this scale that he has in his office are three different painting of Cain slaying his brother Able by different artist yet it is the paintings of King Louis XIV (whose reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of any sovereign in history whose date is verifiable.) and his chancellor of France, Pierre Séguier that he looks directly at from his desk in his Versailles style office. Indicating that these mere HUMAN men*[as far as I know nether were embraced in VTM canon but don’t quote me] are more significant role models to Lacroix then Cane father of all vampires. Though this is not so surprising after you see how he reacts to the Ankaran Sarcophagus. It also gives us a brief glimpse into how LaCroix sees himself in his role as the Camarilla Prince of Los Angles calling back to his quote of being the “judge, jury and executioner”.

[1] “Charles Le Brun .” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Mar. 2023, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Le_Brun.

[2] Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Pierre Séguier". Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 Jan. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pierre-Seguier

#vtmb #Vampire The Masquerade Bloodlines #sebastian lacroix #Pierre Séguier #art history #Charles Le Brun #Explaining one of VTMB paintings

22 notes · View notes

arrhakis · 6 months

Video

flickr

Art Nouveau Jewelry - La Dame d'Aujac by Daniel Arrhakis (2023)

Ivory sculptured face, conch shell, gold, amber, amethyst, topaz and rubies. A Creative Art Nouveau Jewelry Necklace with a Baroque Steam Punk mood.

In the realm of jewellery, the Art Nouveau period (1890 to 1910), Which coexisted with the Victorian era and the Edwardian era, saw designers innovate crafting techniques and experiment with new materials.

Art Nouveau jewellery was ornate, reflecting the unrestrained beauty of the natural world, and did not rely on the preciousness of its components.

During this brief period, five jewelry designers (All Men) stood out amongst the rest for their masterful work : René Lalique (1860-1945), Henri Vever (1854 -1942), Georges Fouquet (1862-1957), Louis Comfort Tiffany (American) (1848 -1933), Lucien Gaillard (1861-1942), Joë Descomps (1872–1948), Karl Rothmüller (German) (1860–1930) etc

But also Women :

Charlotte Newman, also known as Mrs. Philip Newman (English) (1840–1927), was the first English woman to be recognized as a jeweler in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Her success in the traditionally male-dominated profession inspired many more women in the Arts and Crafts movement to become jewelers.

Elinor Evans Klapp (American) (1845-1915) the wife of a successful dry goods merchant, took up jewelry design in her early forties.

She soon made up for lost time by launching herself as one of the largest exhibitors in Chicago’s Arts and Crafts shows, and by sending forty pieces to the Paris Exhibition of 1900.

These series are a tribute to the women creators, artists who were so often forgotten during the Art Nouveau movement in an art world at the time dominated by men, like Elinor Evans Klapp, Charlotte Newman, Elisabeth Sonrel and others ...

The Mystery Of Jeanne Orianne De Levallois (1872 - 1951) A French Woman Jewelry Creator.

In this sense, I present to you for the first time Jeanne Orianne De Levallois (1872 - 1951) (*) Born in Rocamadour, a half-sister of Élisabeth Sonrel, whose existence was always kept secret by her paternal family.

It is not known to what extent her father Nicolas Stéphane Sonrel, a painter from Tours, partially influenced her drawing and painting skills, but unlike Élisabeth, her sister never showed her works, especially her series of jewelry that she designed in secret, signing with the name Jeanne Orianne De Levallois so as not to arouse any suspicion.

According to legend, Orianne, towards the end of her life, had moments of absence and lack of memory, it is believed that on one of these occasions she got lost in the Grotte des Merveilles and despite all efforts, it was never found until today.

Her notebook of drawings and sketches was only found recently, during a routine exploration of the Grotte des Merveilles.

In a recess of the cave was what appeared to be a thick notebook wrapped in furs and silks. In it were some of the most beautiful jewels ever created by any French jeweler.

It is these drawings that I present to you today in these series in a recreation created with the help of Artificial Intelligence and digital art. Hope you like it ! : )

(*) Mystery personage, stories and artistic collections created by Daniel Arrhakis.

(via Art Nouveau Jewelry - La Dame d'Aujac | Art Nouveau Jewelry … | Flickr)

#flickr

2 notes · View notes

silver-whistle · 1 year

Text

More on the Gautherot drawing of Max

I've found that it was exhibited in January 1848 at the Exposition de l'Association des Artistes, labelled as a sketch from life done at the Convention. A reference is also made to a painting in Saint-Albin's collection being by David… Now, the most famous Max portrait Saint-Albin had is the one of the same type as the drawing. I wonder if it's another case of the master being credited with a work by one of his pupils/atelier members, because the Berlin painting doesn't look like a David.

I'd love them to x-ray it, to see if the glasses have been overpainted/removed at some point.

The drawing is described, too, with an attribtion to Gautherot in 1882, in one of those rather trashy 'petite histoires' so popular at the time: Adolphe de Lescure's L' amour sous la Terreur:

C’est le Robespierre des derniers temps, usé, pâli, fatigué, peut-être découragé, mais guardant, au-dessus de ce troupeau de la Convention qu’il régente encore, cette allure roide, rogue et pédagogique qui persista chez lui jusque devant la mort. Il a teint blafard, les pommettes saillantes, l’œil cave où brille un regard gris; il porte l’habit nankine rayé de vert (c’est le quatrième connu); un gilet blanc, rayé de bleu; la cravate blanche, rayée de rouge. Le dessinateur a soigneusement noté ce costume, et il n’a eu garde d’oublier les besicles relevées (à l’envers) sur le front, aux ailes de pigeon décollées par la sueur oratoire; sueur de triomphe, près de devenir la sueur d’angoisse.

I don't think he realised that the softer wig-style is a fashion (we see it in the 1792 physionotrace), nothing to do with sweat relaxing the curls.

Gautherot was an active Jacobin, closely associated with Michel Le Peletier and Nicolas Maure. He also 'rectified' Fouquet's physionotrace from Le Peletier's death-mask for engraving.

#pierre-claude gautherot #maximilien robespierre #jacques-louis david #revolutionary art #l'art révolutionnaire #révolution française

7 notes · View notes

theunabashedepicurean · 2 years

Photo

The Marble Courtyard at Versailles, the heart of King Louis XIII’s original château. It was fascinating to learn that the elaborate black and white tiles in the courtyard were taken from Nicolas Fouquet’s Vaux Le Vicomte. Was there anything King Louis XIV didn’t plunder from there? #versailles #palaceofversailles #chateaudeversailles #france #courdemabre #royalpalace #louisxiii #louisxiv #louisxv #louisxvi #thesunking #madamedepompadour #marieantoinette #classicalism #baroque #architecture #courtyard #royalcourt #palace #frenchhistory #unescoworldheritage #nicholasfouquet #louislevau #andrelenotre #charleslebrun #juleshardouinmansart #marble #sculpture #architect #architecturephotography (at Château de Versailles) https://www.instagram.com/p/CjDtt3koNJv/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

2 notes · View notes

itsnothingbutluck · 3 months

Text

….Theo nhà văn Erik Orsenna, các câu chuyện ngụ ngôn của nhà văn thế kỷ 17 tiếp tục khiến ta « sửng sốt », bởi chúng còn hết sức thời sự. Tác giả tâm sự : trong các câu chuyện ngụ ngôn của mình, La Fontaine nói lên những gì ông suy ngẫm về cuộc đời, về chính trị. Hơn 60 con vật trong các chuyện ngụ ngôn đã trở thành những « tấm gương », bạn đồng hành với ông, nói thay cho ông. « Về nhiều khía cạnh, triều đình của ông Vua Mặt Trời (Louis XIV) », như đã được La Fontaine phác họa, rất giống với « các tập quán sinh hoạt chính trị » đương đại. Các câu chuyện ngụ ngôn cho phép ông thoát khỏi hệ thống kiểm duyệt đã « rất tinh vi » thời đó. Cần nhấn mạnh là, La Fontaine sống vào cái thời của Vua Mặt Trời, người vốn coi các nghệ sĩ chỉ là « những nhân công », những kẻ phục vụ ngai vàng. Trong khi đó, nhà viết truyện ngụ ngôn lại ái mộ Nicolas Fouquet – người đứng đầu ngân khố triều đình – vốn coi các nghệ sĩ như « bạn hữu ». Quan hệ giữa La Fontaine và ông Vua Mặt Trời rất khó khăn, bởi với Louis XIV, Nicolas Fouquet là địch thủ, còn La Fontaine vẫn tiếp tục trung thành và sẵn sàng bảo vệ ông, ngay cả khi viên đại thần bị vua kết án tù chung thân.

Theo tác giả cuốn « La Fontaine : Trường học cuộc đời », ngụ ngôn của La Fontaine rất hiện đại, « bởi lòng người không đổi thay, giống như âm nhạc… Chuỗi đời biến động trên nền những giai điệu vĩnh cửu, của cái chết, tình yêu, sự tham tàn, lòng ham muốn… Những thất tình, lục dục. Với mỗi thời có thể có thêm những biến tấu mới, nhưng lòng người, xét tận đáy, vẫn là động vật. Có những điều rất giản dị, như ta có cảm thấy lạnh hay không ? ta sẽ phải chết hay không ? ta là kẻ mạnh hay không ? ta lớn hay nhỏ ?… ». …Nguồn cảm hứng bất tận

Cũng trong số báo về La Fontaine, L’Obs giới thiệu quan điểm của diễn viên hài Pháp Fabrice Luchini, người trình diễn các tác phẩm La Fontaine từ hơn 40 năm nay. Ông Fabrice Luchini không hề quan tâm đến khía cạnh đạo lý của ngụ ngôn La Fontaine, cũng như cuộc đời của tác giả. Cái vĩ đại duy nhất đáng chú ý ở La Fontaine là nghệ thuật ngôn từ, vừa mộc mạc, vừa tinh tế, công phu.

Đối với ông, tác giả các câu chuyện ngụ ngôn thế kỷ 17 ấy chính là « nhà văn vĩ đại nhất của nước Pháp », là « thiên tài Pháp ở trạng thái tinh ròng ». Tuy nhiên, theo ông, La Fontaine không còn dễ hiểu với xã hội đương đại. Các câu chuyện đa tầng, phức tạp của ông cần được « diễn giải lại toàn bộ », kể cả đối với người lớn. Đây hoàn toàn không phải truyện kể cho nhi đồng.

Trong khi đó, nhà văn Fabrice Pliskin nhìn thấy trong kho tàng ngụ ngôn La Fontaine nguồn cảm hứng bất tận, mà bất kể ai cũng có thể sử dụng, từ những người theo tư tưởng cánh tả, cấp tiến, cách mạng, hay phản cách mạng. Bài « Nếu La Fontaine trở lại… » nói đến một La Fontaine lên án thẳng thừng « sự điên rồ » của con người, những kẻ khai thác thiên nhiên một cách tàn bạo trong câu chuyện « Triết nhân xứ Scythie » (Philosophe scythe). Hay ngụ ngôn « Người và rắn » (L’Homme et la Couleuvre), lên án người mới là kẻ vô ơn chứ không phải rắn….

#VĂN HÓA - CHÍNH TRỊ. La Fontaine : Chuyện chính trị &chuyện đời đằng sau lời thú vật

0 notes

madamedupigeonsalon · 8 months

Text

Politique : analyse de sa vie

« L histoire des grands hommes ressemble à un drame » écrivait un jour Vincent Van Gogh à son frère Théo .

La bêtise de la politique c est de croire qu il y a des alliances . Au contraire , c est souvent des manœuvres politiciennes complexes et vicieuses. Elles sont dérangeantes et malsaines. Pour autant , quelques personnalités arrivent à sortir du lot et à être incisif .

Je n ai jamais tenu dans mon cœur Nicolas Sarkozy. Je l ai toujours appelé le président bling bling. Il fêtait son élection à la présidentielle au fameux le Fouquet ou encore montait dans des yacht de luxe pour des vacances au bord de la mer Méditerranée. Non , vraiment , je ne l ai jamais tenu dans mon cœur .

Pourtant , il faut l avouer , c est un homme de l ambition . Il a été maire de Neuilly puis bien plus tard il a été ministre de l intérieur . Il à toujours eu de la poigne , très pugnace dans sa politique , il disait qu il laverait les banlieues au kasher . Un style incisif et beaucoup de polémiques, Nicolas Sarkozy ne tarderait pas à se faire des ennemis .

Des ennemis sur ! Il en a eu et continue d en avoir . Ce jeune homme qui est transfuge a toujours voulut réussir . Aujourd’hui, il est accusé d avoir détourné de l argent pour sa campagne électorale ( paraît il qu il aurait reçu de l argent de Kaddafi ) .

Aujourd’hui, en 2023, on l aime ou le haï, c est un libre débat . On le sent un peu face à ses détracteurs, très à l aise . Si on peut être d accord sur une chose c est qu il a toujours aimé le combat des mots . C est un homme qui recule devant rien surtout pas devant la menace . Sarkozy c est la polémique ! Il reprend souvent la plume pour parler de politique dans ses livres.

Personnellement, j ai appris à l aimer mais je ne le mets pas sur un pied d estal. Il reste un homme qui a manigancé des coups tactiques en politique ( il est la preuve même que la politique est un jeu de pouvoir ) mais je respecte le travail qu il a fait dans sa vie , d être passé d une classe sociale a une autre , tout ça par la somme de travail.

Et vous ? Que pensez vous de Sarkozy ?

Politics : critical thinking

“The history of great men resembles a drama,” Vincent Van Gogh once wrote to his brother Théo.

The stupidity of politics is believing that there are alliances. On the contrary, they are often complex and vicious political maneuvers. They are disturbing and unhealthy. However, a few personalities manage to stand out from the crowd and be incisive.

I never held Nicolas Sarkozy in my heart. I always called him the bling bling president. He celebrated his presidential election at the famous Le Fouquet or even boarded luxury yachts for vacations by the Mediterranean Sea. No, really, I never held him in my heart.

However, it must be admitted, he is a man of ambition. He was mayor of Neuilly then much later he was minister of the interior. He always had a strong hand, very pugnacious in his politics, he said he would wash the suburbs kosher. An incisive style and a lot of controversy, Nicolas Sarkozy would soon make enemies.

Enemies sure! He has had it and continues to have it. This young man who is a defector has always wanted to succeed. Today, he is accused of having embezzled money for his electoral campaign (it seems that he received money from Gaddafi).

Today, in 2023, we love it or hate it, it’s a free debate. We feel a little like he is very comfortable facing his detractors. If we can agree on one thing it’s that he always loved the fight of words. He is a man who shrinks from nothing, especially not from threats. Sarkozy is the controversy! He often takes up his pen to talk about politics in his books.

Personally, I learned to love him but I don't put him on a peg. He remains a man who has engineered tactical moves in politics (he is proof that politics is a game of power) but I respect the work he has done in his life, to have moved from one social class to another. , all by the amount of work.

Kevin Ngirimcuti

#blog #blogger #blogpost #post #politics #politique #politicialblog

0 notes

gwydpolls · 4 months

Text

Time Travel Question 42: Assorted Other Performances II

These Questions are the result of suggestions from the previous iteration.

All time periods welcome. (Yes we have Live Aid).

Please add new suggestions below if you have them for future consideration.

I am looking for Shakespeare play premiere's you'd particularly like to see.

Shakespeare Plays Have their own poll. For purposes of this poll, Early Modern will arbitrarily be 1500-1799.

26 notes · View notes

brookstonalmanac · 9 months

Text

Events 9.5 (before 1920)

917 – Liu Yan declares himself emperor, establishing the Southern Han state in southern China, at his capital of Panyu. 1367 – Swa Saw Ke becomes king of Ava 1590 – Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry IV of France to lift the siege of Paris. 1622 – A hurricane overruns a Spanish fleet bound from Havana to Cadiz and sinks the galleon Atocha. Only five men are rescued, but 260 passengers and 200 million pesos are buried with the Atocha under 50 feet of water. 1661 – Fall of Nicolas Fouquet: Louis XIV's Superintendent of Finances is arrested in Nantes by D'Artagnan, captain of the king's musketeers. 1666 – Great Fire of London ends: Ten thousand buildings, including Old St Paul's Cathedral, are destroyed, but only six people are known to have died. 1697 – War of the Grand Alliance : A French warship commanded by Captain Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville defeated an English squadron at the Battle of Hudson's Bay. 1698 – In an effort to Westernize his nobility, Tsar Peter I of Russia imposes a tax on beards for all men except the clergy and peasantry. 1725 – Wedding of Louis XV and Maria Leszczyńska. 1774 – First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia. 1781 – Battle of the Chesapeake in the American Revolutionary War: The British Navy is repelled by the French Navy, contributing to the British surrender at Yorktown. 1791 – Olympe de Gouges writes the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen. 1793 – French Revolution: The French National Convention initiates the Reign of Terror. 1798 – Conscription is made mandatory in France by the Jourdan law. 1812 – War of 1812: The Siege of Fort Wayne begins when Chief Winamac's forces attack two soldiers returning from the fort's outhouses. 1816 – Louis XVIII has to dissolve the Chambre introuvable ("Unobtainable Chamber"). 1836 – Sam Houston is elected as the first president of the Republic of Texas. 1839 – The United Kingdom declares war on the Qing dynasty of China. 1862 – American Civil War: The Army of Northern Virginia crosses the Potomac River at White's Ford in the Maryland Campaign. 1877 – American Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska. 1882 – The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York City. 1887 – A fire at the Theatre Royal, Exeter kills 186, making it the UK's deadliest ever building fire. 1905 – Russo-Japanese War: In New Hampshire, United States, the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt, ends the war. 1914 – World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins. Northeast of Paris, the French attack and defeat German forces who are advancing on the capital. 1915 – The pacifist Zimmerwald Conference begins.

#Events

0 notes

histoireettralala · 2 years

Text

Everybody wants a royal patronage: power, greed and resentment

Mazarin lost much of what he had accumulated during the Fronde- his wealth had been one of the grievances of the great nobles- but he hastily recreated his fortune in the decade after the Fronde, not entirely by legal means. Neither he nor his heirs- his nephews by marriage who bore some of the greatest names in France- nor his créatures wanted a royal investigation into his fortune and how it had been obtained. Colbert, for instance, had played a major role in its acquisition as intendant of his household. Colbert's attack on Mazarin's finance minister, Fouquet, shortly after the Cardinal's death, was not only to eliminate a rival and put his own clientele in charge of the financial administration, but also to hide an embarrassing past from the king by providing a scapegoat.

If the fortunes of Richelieu and Mazarin- 22,400,000 and 38,000,000 or 39,000,000 livres, respectively- are compared with those of the dukes and peers of France at the same time, it becomes clear that they were, in fact, much wealthier than most of the great nobles at court. Great noble fortunes ranged in general from 1 to 10 million livres, with most falling on the lower end of the range, from 1 to 3 million livres. Richelieu's fortune was more than twice as large as that of the average great noble, and Mazarin's fortune- a truly enormous one- was more than three times as great, and these fortunes had been put together within a few years. Some of their families and important créatures had amassed fortunes nearly as large.

Not surprisingly, the great nobles resented what appeared to be a reduction in their share of royal patronage because the flow had been rechanneled toward the greedy, outstretched hands of the chief ministers and their dependents, whom they considered arrivistes. Richelieu's control over patronage caused a noble conspiracy in 1626-27, and contributed to the revolts of Guise and Montmorency in 1631-32. The Cardinal's patronage policies were so unpopular with the great nobles that after his death the regency government reversed them: Louis XIII on his deathbed pardoned all the governors dismissed by Richelieu except one, and a number of the politically proscribed under Richelieu regained their positions during the first years of Mazarin's ministry. However, Mazarin was forced to reverse the regency policy of reconciliation in the late 1640s, and thereafter he used royal patronage to reward his supporters, deprive his enemies at court, and create an extensive administrative clientele in the provinces, much as Richelieu had done. In addition, the need for political loyalty during the Habsbourg War and the Fronde prompted both cardinals to raise high hopes for promotion in the minds of some clients, for instance, Séguiran and Régusse, and not everyone could be satisfied.

The standard accusations against royal favourites- excessive greed in accepting royal pensions and gifts; appropriating royal tax monies; profiteering and engaging in illegal financial transactions; nepotism and favoritism- were all made against Richelieu and Mazarin. In the mazarinades, polemical political tracts published in great numbers in 1649 and 1650, the Cardinals were accused of financial abuses, avarice, and personal corruption. The size of Mazarin's fortune and his concern for family advancement were attacked, and he was called a parvenu and an upstart. The ministers' close personal association was emphasized. Richelieu was called a harpy and a tyrant. Both ministers were accused of excessive ambition and lust for power. Mazarin was denounced as a foreigner, an Italian-born disciple of Machiavelli, and Concini's successor. Both ministers were accused of misgovernment- ignoring the fundamental laws of France and disregarding public welfare. The mazarinades testify dramatically to the unpopularity of Richelieu and Mazarin and to their identification with a long history of rapacious royal favorites.

However, there was an important difference between court favorites and royal ministers: Richelieu, Mazarin and Colbert were able statesmen who had received royal patronage as a reward for their political and administrative services to the crown, and they in turn rewarded their own clients for their service to the state. The royal ministers did not dispense royal patronage to a few great noble favorites, but to reliable members of their own administrative clienteles who helped them to govern as bons serviteurs du Roi.

Sharon Kettering - Patrons, Brokers and Clients in Seventeenth Century France.

#xvii #sharon kettering #patrons brokers and clients in seventeenth century france #cardinal mazarin #la fronde #jean baptiste colbert #nicolas fouquet #louis xiii #the thirty years war #concino concini

5 notes · View notes

dritaposts · 2 years

Text

Castle on the coast of france

#Castle on the coast of france trial#

Emilie's warm and friendly personality seemed to be felt even in the hotels/BnB's we stayed at. There was a personal touch to every place we visited. We also knew that Emilie was available had we any questions. Emilie had our tour maps dated and it was beyond easy to follow. Overall the trip was well planned and all we literally had to do was pack our bags and follow our guidebook. The guidebook was great for a little history lesson, and great attractions. This was from making the initial payment, to working together to make our itinerary and budget work. We thought everything was well organized, and easy to follow. This is when I found, France Just for You, and read the amazing reviews on Trip Advisor and decided to book.Įmilie was great! She was thoughtful and paid great attention to detail. I was initially going to plan it however I got busy with work and did not have the time. My friend and I decided to do a trip to Paris and then drive down to Nice. The perfect harmony between garden and architecture results from the collaboration of a trio : Le Nôtre the landscape gardener, Le Vau the architect and Le Brun the painter-decorator. To design the gardens, Fouquet called upon André le Nôtre who was the pioneer of French garden art. Vaux le Vicomte gardens also deserve a long stroll. Upon Louis 14th request, Fouquet was arrested in Nantes by D’Artagnan, captain of the Musketeers.

#Castle on the coast of france trial#

It was built by Nicolas Fouquet, Superintendent of Finances under young King Louis 14th.Ī 17th century masterpiece, Vaux le Vicomte was the backdrop to many major historical events and witnessed the tragic eviction of its creator, Nicolas Fouquet, who was imprisoned following an extraordinary trial about which the writer Voltaire said: “On 17 August at 6 in the evening, Fouquet was King of France at 2 in the morning, he was nobody” . Located about 40 miles away from Paris (on your way to Burgundy), the whole estate reaches nearly 500 hectares. This is one of the most magnificent chateaus in France. Vaux Le Vicomte castle is certainly not as famous as Versailles…however it deserves a visit as much as Versailles does.

#Castle on the coast of france

1 note · View note