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#i might move to post these blogs on ao3 cuz i was told tumblr read more requires and account to open
basilknell · 16 days
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Vasily's Literacy
I’ve been asked a couple times about Vasily’s literacy, so here’s a quick overview of stats and pertinent information laid out regarding that idea. I’ll make my statement on my own opinion towards his literacy at the end, but for now I’ll focus on exact numbers and stats without interjecting opinion.
While this post primarily pulls specific stats from When Russia Learned to Read by Jeffery Brooks, I’ve read a couple papers and other books regarding these subjects I pull general statements from as well. Please note, though, that there were no large scale official census in Russia until 1897 so some of these stats from previous years could potentially be skewed.
Source Material
First and foremost: do we ever see Vasily read or write in the series?
No. However, this can be explained quickly away. Until running into Tsukishima, Vasily was likely (incorrectly) assuming that not only did none of the Japanese characters speak Russian, but they did not use the same writing system either. It would have been a waste of resources (paper) to attempt a conversation where a drawing could suffice. Additionally, there is no other scene in the series involving him and Tsukishima that would have warranted him writing to Tsukishima either. At least, none that we see. So, him never being seen writing does not necessarily prove he is illiterate.
Vasily’s Age
With that out of the way, there’s another important piece of information we need to pin about Vasily before we continue: Vasily’s age. While Noda specified he’s the same age as Ogata, Ogata is unfortunately given an age range of 25-30. But, unlike these two, Usami does have a canon age: 26. We can use Usami as a frame of reference because Noda stated Usami is, in fact, older than Ogata. Thus, this means Ogata is 25 and so Vasily is also 25.
Now, I personally tend to make these two actually on the older end of the spectrum Noda provided, but for a frame of reference we are going to pin Vasily at 25 years old. The reason this is significant is to pin down exactly when Vasily went to school. If in 1907 he was 25, then the age he was deemed ‘school age’ (8 - 11) would be around 1890 - 1893. Of course, he always could have attended school at an earlier or later age, but for conjecture’s sake, we will use the average age such as these.
As I said previously, an official census was not published in Russia until 1897, but any previous information before that typically begins around the 1870s. So it would benefit us to default to 1897 statistics, but keep in mind that the stats are skewed a tad higher than they would have been.
Rural Literacy
Literacy in the late 19th century was not nearly as bad as people make it out to be (at a rate of around 21% in 1897), but only because rural numbers brought it down. For example, in industrialized cities such as Moscow, 70% of men were regarded as being literate. There were also a plethora of schools dotting the country, from Zemstvo-funded schools, to church schools, to state schools. It was often not the lack of schooling availability that caused a decrease in rural literacy compared to urban children, but rather social aspects.
I am unable to find exact stats for rural literacy rates around the year 1890, but literacy rose from 6% in rural populations in the 1860s to 25% in 1910. It’s also best to keep in mind, however, men were far more likely to be literate than women, and the young more likely than older populations as well. So, if we were to take an increased decade raise (rounding up to about 4% every 10 years), and exclude the population numbers from including women which will be about half the population, we get around a 36%* base chance Vasily is literate when he is from a rural population (of which he is – he is from Yeleninka, a rural town in the Orenburg voisko), still not excluding elderly populations.
This is still not a very high chance, but there’s some other factors to discuss. Firstly, would have to be involving his background. The reason literacy was so low in rural areas was because, although parents did place value on literacy because it allowed for social movement and potentially higher wages, parents simply could not afford the lost labor of their children attending school. If a family had several children and could afford the loss of labor, then a child was much more likely to attend school. So, even if Vasily’s family had been described as being poor by Noda, this had no bearing on Vasily’s likeness to attend school. Given Vasily is almost entirely assured to be in the military through conscription, he very likely had brothers. And if he had brothers – he was very likely to attend school compared to single children families.
Another factor involves his family’s occupation. Families dependent on agricultural work were less likely to send their children to school because it was expected for them to work on that same farm when they were older, thus limiting their need for literacy. But, if Vasily’s family were artisans or practiced some kind of craft alongside agriculture, parents highly valued literacy in comparison, and were more willing to spare the labor loss for schooling.
Religion also played a role. Specifically, those of the Old Believer faith tended to be more literate and push to educate their children regardless of their occupational status compared to regular Russian Orthodox peasants. Aside from a general cultural insistence on preferring literacy, there is no other reason why this occurred, as the only major difference between Old Believers and Russian Orthodox peasants was a matter of ceremony (excluding some fringe Old Believer cults). If Vasily came from an Old Believer family, they'd push for him to be literate regardless of the labor loss they'd experience.
Finally, some parents preferred to send their sons to school to lower their military conscription length. While university students conscripted only had to serve 1.5 years of the required 5 year length, those who completed at least 3 years of any schooling had that length lowered to 4 years. If a family had several sons, which meant their sons were eligible to be drafted by the lotto, they would be more partial to educating said sons.
For some stats: unfortunately I could only find the rate of attendance of boys in school for 1911. Please examine these stats with a critical eye that they should be lower. 88% of boys in rural areas attended school for at least 1 year, but by year 3 this percentage dropped to about 38.5%.
*My math numbers will be off because there were a decent amount of women who were literate, just at a noticeably lower rate compared to men. For ease of math’s sake, I removed them from the population entirely, though the original percentage statistic did include them. They originally were likely less than 1% of the literate population in the 1860s statistic I used as a base.
Soldier Literacy
While it is useful to look at literacy stats of Vasily’s background (being a rural resident), what’s more useful is the literacy rates of the army for when Vasily was serving.
By the 19th century, Russia realized the value in literate soldiers – but unfortunately for Vasily, schooling for soldiers that the government had originally created in 1855 was abolished across the 1890s. But this did not mean literacy still did not rise in the military, as certain soldier ‘uncles’ brought it upon themselves to educate other soldiers. In fact, literacy in the army rose from about 21% in 1874 to about 68% in 1913 – rounded up to about a 6% increase in literacy every 5 years. Vasily would’ve been conscripted into the army by 1902, and applying the rate of increase, there was about a 51% literacy of the army in 1899, and 57% literacy in 1904. A higher than half chance for Vasily, who we see actively still in the army by 1907.
There are other factors to consider as well: Vasily’s rank and station. While the illiterate often went to the infantry units, specialized units had much higher rates of literacy. As I’ve discussed in the past, technically Vasily was in a specialized unit – the Special Border Guard Corps. His literacy chance rises higher due to this factor, as literacy was especially preferred because of the ability to read topographic maps and telegrams.
It is not Vasily’s presence in the SBGC that also increased his likelihood of being literate – it was his rank as well. While Noda removed most telling marks from Vasily of his rank, such as shoulder straps, there’s two glaring tells. Firstly, are his and Ilya’s binoculars. Ilya appears to be to be a Feldwebel (equivalent to an American First-Sergeant, British Sergeant-Major) given his position of ordering the other soldiers, and that he has binoculars which were only used by officers. He is, like Tsukishima, a Non-Commissioned Officer (NCO). Vasily himself also has binoculars, though one could argue this does not inherently make him an NCO because Ilya has at least two traits marking him as an NCO. After all, Vasily could have stolen his binoculars and his overcoat is one that a private would wear (Ilya does wear a private’s coat as well. Though, I have addressed before that the uniforms of the border guards gang are completely incorrect regardless of rank, so I am unsure of how much weight this should be given).
That second tell is actually Vasily’s cockade. The cockade worn on the hats of soldiers denoted generally their rank and status. So, while Vasily lacks any other visual clothing tells, his cockade can give a general idea if he is of a lower or higher rank, which does indeed change his literacy statistics.
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[Pictured are 3 cockades. The far left is the cockade of a lower rank soldier, while the cockades in the middle and far right are cockades of officers. Thank you to @rdstrpv for this image!]
This information is important because NCOs were almost demanded to be literate. It was essential for their occupation, as being able to read maps was one of the most important skills for an NCO to have. If Vasily was an NCO, which his cockade would indicate, he almost assuredly would be literate.
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[Pictured are the 3 different ways Vasily’s cockade is drawn.]
While in the anime Vasily’s cockade is given the appearance of the average lower-rank soldier, and typically this is how people place him. However in the manga, Vasily’s cockade is more ambiguous. When referencing it to the cockades above, it could pass as both a lower-rank or an officer’s cockade. The final example is of Noda’s detailed Vasily illustration that was not outsourced by an animation studio, nor constrained by swift time spent on manga panels. In this, Vasily clearly has on the cockade of an officer.
Obviously, given the anime drawing Vasily with a lower-ranking cockade and the manga is ambiguous, you could still make the argument he’s a low ranking soldier. Nonetheless, one should also consider that the government likely would’ve preferred to send a group of officers to apprehend a Tsar’s killer over, perhaps, privates, giving more credence to him being an NCO. And thus, Vasily’s literacy likeness goes up to almost-guaranteed. There were occasional examples of NCOs not being literate, but there were few and far inbetween, making it unusual that a young NCO was illiterate by 1907.
Cossack Literacy
Of course, Vasily was not necessarily in the SBGC. He could have instead been a Cossack. While the idea of an NCO and cockade still apply to Cossacks, I will still discuss Cossack literacy in the case you find Vasily to be of a lower rank.
Unfortunately exact statistical information regarding Cossack literacy has almost never been tracked before the Soviet period. Still, by the 19th century the Imperial Russian government had a special vested interest in educating their Cossacks, more so than their peasantry. There were many Cossack schools that taught everything from literacy to combat that children were almost required to attend. In fact, once entering the military at 21, Cossacks were required by the military to be literate unlike other soldiers, and if they were not literate they were mandated to pursue education while they were deployed.
This is not to say there were not illiterate Cossacks – one could finish their entire service as a Cossack without properly pursuing their literacy if they were crafty about it, similar to illiterate NCOs. But, again, this was unlikely. In comparison, Cossacks were far more likely to be able to read than that of the ordinary peasant in the army.
Final Thoughts
I’m of the opinion Vasily actually is literate, regardless of him being in the SBGC as an NCO or a Cossack. He’s a very prideful character, and it slowly became a limiting stigma that one was illiterate in Russia, even in 1907. This is not to say Vasily can’t be illiterate – many of the stats I gave showed that there was a decent chance for illiteracy, especially if he was a first-born son to a farming family and only low-ranked. But in my opinion of all the facts culminating, I find I prefer the idea of him being literate. Have fun with this information regardless, and may it help you in whatever you intend to write or draw in the future!
A big thank you to @rdstrpv for her help in answering a couple of my questions to make sure I wasn’t misrepresenting information, and for her images. She's always a big help.
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Act of Courage (Noah/MC, Lucas/MC)
Summary: It shouldn’t feel like this, after all this time. We won, didn’t we?
No, Josh realized. We didn’t.
In which a survivor contemplates what was, what is, and what could have been.
ao3 link: https://archiveofourown.org/works/24061654
@ladyseaheart1668, @marmolady, @it-lives-in-westchester
A/N: Between work, college, and my f*cked up head, finishing this up took a lot longer than it should have. I'm trying to make writing into my coping mechanism, so that I'll do it more, lol ;D
I have one more fic I promised on tumblr, an AME one I'm gonna work on. I'm also gonna try to go back to my ES novelization, so stay tuned for that for its continuation.
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The two of them were at Josh’s place, waiting for Ava, Andy, Dan, and Lucas. Lily was sick in bed and Stacy was visiting her grandma out of town, leaving Noah and Josh waiting for the four others while they drew figures in the dirt in the yard with sticks and talking about anything their minds jumped to.
“Hey, Noah?”
The boy turned towards his friend.
“Yeah?”
For a moment, Josh, who was as lively as ever seconds ago, was being uncharacteristically quiet.
“Do you…like anyone?”
“‘Like’,” Noah repeated. “Like I like you and Jane and the others? Or you mean like-like?”
“Um, yeah” Josh nodded, blushing. “Like-like.”
“Then no,” the other boy shrugged. “Stacy, Lily, and Ava are fun to hang around, but I don’t like-like anyone.”
“What about,” Josh began hurriedly, but slowed down. “What about boys…?”
“Huh?”
“Do you like-like any boys?”
Josh was beet red. Noah was just confused.
“No,” he shrugged. “I’m a boy. It’d be weird if I liked-liked a boy. That’s what my mom says though.”
“Right…” Josh looked hurt. “Right, forget it.”
Noah wanted to ask why his friend looked so sad.
He hated it when Josh got upset. Unlike Jane, who’d get mad, Josh would be quiet, pouty, and would go off by himself, refusing to ever acknowledge what made him upset in the first place.
But before Noah can say anything, the doorbell rang and their friends poured inside.
Noah forgot that Josh even asked him any question about who he liked.
It was something they’d both forget in the years to come, a memory of the conversation fading into a small feeling.
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After reading Lucas’s texts, Josh shoved his phone into his pocket. His smile started to fade as he continued down the road, focusing on his surroundings.
It really is a beautiful day, Josh mused.
And he hated it.
The sun shone through the trees in a way that reminded him of an image you’d find on a tourist pamphlet.
It made Josh think about how the only thing this town is good for is being fake.
Like how the town somehow fooled themselves into thinking everything was just a freak animal attack.
But the more he thought about it, Josh guessed he couldn’t blame the town for that. Having to deal with the truth might actually be more of a clusterfuck than it all happening.
It was all a question of why.
Why did this all happen to them? Why was he the one who had to find Redfield’s shack?
All he had to do was keep his goddamn mouth shut about some stupid fucking rock floating all those years ago…
It’s my fault.
Josh scoffed.
Like that’s big news.
And when it was time to pay the piper, Josh was too much of a coward to do anything…
Shoving his hands into his pockets, Josh forced himself to think about something, anything else.
His mind wandered from the date Lucas promised they’d have before he went back to his university, to that new video game Lily’s been raving about, Stacy’s latest Pictagram post about celebrating another perfect score on an exam, Ava’s latest binge on occult books in the library, Andy whining about how he just wants to be free of high school already, Dan’s updates on his new art blog…
…Noah crying, apologizing…
Josh wiped tears from his eyes as he kept walking.
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Noah always envied Josh.
He was a charismatic go-getter where Noah was shy and bookish. Josh always got stickers that came with having a perfect score on spelling tests, ones that Noah just passed by never more than five points. Josh was brave enough to make the first move in befriending him and Jane, and began their circle of friends the same way.
Noah not only hated how he was too wimpy to ever say any of this out loud, but also that he held this kind of resentment towards one of the best friends he’s ever had.
Noah hated how nervous he feels around Josh too. How he can’t help but constantly compare himself to him.
Josh was like the sun; radiant and bright and impossible to miss, and Noah had felt like the grimy earth beneath it.
But everything changed after Jane died.
Their whole group of friends changed. They started to see each other less and less, and eventually, they never saw each other outside of school.
Having different classes in middle school widened the gap between them, leaving silent nods as the last bit of interaction they had.
Soon, even those were gone.
Even after they all fell apart, Noah couldn’t help but notice Josh.
Before, Noah had always seen Josh happily chatting with at least one person.
Now, Noah never saw him hang out with anyone ever again. He was like the dusty remains of a star that went out.
There were times Noah wanted to reach out, to see if they could be friends again, to hang out, laugh together, be together-
-and Noah would stop himself when he came short of any reason Josh would want to talk to him.
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“You look like shit.”
“Hello to you too, Ava.”
Josh was semi-thankful that his shift at one of the town’s few fast food places started early in the morning. Only a handful of people stepped in here for breakfast, and none of them were impossible to deal with. So, for a few hours, Josh could enjoy a bit of peace before the lunch rush.
And it was always good to see a friendly face.
“Alright, fuck the pleasantries then.”
Usually.
Ava stretched her hand at Josh and waved it dramatically.
“In the name of the Dread Goddess Hekate, get me my usual.”
Josh punched in the register an order for an apple pie and a milkshake.
“That’ll be $2.78.”
Wordlessly, Ava hands him money and Josh went in the back to get her order.
“Talked to Tom today,” Ava said. “He looked really interested in the stuff I found in Cora’s shack. Maybe he can be my apprentice or some shit.”
“A witch’s apprentice?”
“Turned him down. Teaching is a rock bottom I’ll never hit.”
“Cuz the teacher’s at school we sooo great.”
“You get it.”
Josh finished up, pie in a paper bag and milk in hand.
“So, you talk to people,” she asked before he held out her order. “You’re social like that. Everyone’s gonna be at the memorial tonight, right?”
“Yup,” Josh nodded. “All seven of-”
Josh stops himself, remembering what happened to the seventh.
Ava’s face went steely, and for a moment it looked like she had a lot to say.
“Hand me my order,” she sighed. Josh obliged.
Before Ava walked out, she stopped and did a half turn. Josh sees several shifts to and from anger and sympathy.
“Tale care,” she said before leaving.
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Noah couldn’t remember the last time he and Josh talked.
So, when Josh sat next to him at the pep rally, he hoped his quietness came off as indifference, and hid his anxiety about the whole situation.
Josh didn’t seem to mind, since he started talking semi-comfortably. He was mellower and less gloomy than he used to be, and Noah felt the familiar jealously that was always the third companion amongst the two.
The pep rally ended after the blackout, Josh called everyone to meet after school, and four of them were stocking up on makeshift weapons.
When Josh told Noah that he won’t leave him again, he let himself believe it.
Noah halfheartedly thanked Josh, and for a second was afraid his sort-of-friend would take offense.
But instead, Josh smiled at him, and Noah felt like he was looking at sunshine.
A warm feeling bloomed in Noah’s chest, and it stuck around even when they were done talking and gone back to looking for weapons.
Noah remembered the warm feeling later on, when he noticed how Josh’s face was red when he was close enough to Lucas, how he stammered a bit more when the two were talking.
Noah wasn’t as dumb as he was as a kid. He knew that Josh liked Lucas. He also didn’t want to believe he was feeling jealousy, because of what it implied.
It wasn’t until during Britney’s party that Noah started to ask himself where these feelings for Josh came from. Was it sometime after everyone drifted apart, and their absence leaving an ache in his heart? Or was it before, when they were younger, innocent, and still friends?
After the party and after Josh revived his hope for the future (something he’d been doing well the past few days), his own personal devil reared its shadowy head, and signaled the end.
In the near future, while they were all forced to play the game again, Noah would wonder if anything could have happened to keep this whole mess from happening.
If he just told Redfield to fuck off, or just ignored him (no, her).
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“In school,” Andy said with a mouth full of pizza. “You froze up every time you had to present something. And up there, you didn’t break a sweat.”
Josh was taken by surprise when Stacy’s mom called him up to say a few words (he didn’t even think the town’s mayor even remembered his name). Surprisingly, where there was usually quick breath and sweating, there was just emptiness.
His mind flashed to Cora when he was up, about how she risked her life to help them and went to warn them while she was injured and dying.
And then it went to Noah.
He kept his part about Noah as brief as possible, and stepped down the second he gave his last “thank you”.
Josh would like to say that Lucas’s hug and quick kiss after the memorial made him feel better, but after talking about Noah, he couldn’t shake the feeling like he was betraying him.
“I get a lot of speech practice when dealing with customers from hell,” Josh finally answered, shrugging.
“You mean Ava?” Andy snarked.
“Andy, don’t be mean,” Lily scolded
“You think I take offense to that?” Ava grinned evilly. “I go there on the weekends.”
Josh finished his Graveyard, and turned to Lucas, right next to him.
“Bartender, one more.”
“One for me too,” Stacy smirked, wiggling her empty cup.
“I think you’ve both had enough,” Lucas said in mock seriousness.
“How can you stand to drink those?” Tom asked. “I almost hurled taking a sip!”
“That’s it, you’re dead to me,” Stacy pouted theatrically.
“Aw, come on,” Lily nudged Stacy with her shoulder. “We all just pledged our eternal devotion to each other five minutes ago!”
And just managed to avoid talking about Noah…
Noah could be here. Right now.
Maybe not here though. The others might still hate him, maybe not, but at least he’d be alive. Maybe everyone would even slowly come to stop hating him.
He could find a way to pay for culinary school. He could open up the diner he talked about…
And I wish I could just stop thinking about those last moments…
Josh has vague memories of blushing and being embarrassed around Noah when they were younger, but he didn’t think it had meant anything.
Every time Josh started thinking about his...crush, if he could call it that, he’d just start thinking of Lucas, and guilt of betrayal would stab at his gut.
Josh’s eyes drift over to Dan, who’s been silent the whole time, aside from giving halfhearted laughs and accepting Graveyard refills…
…along with bringing up the one who’s been on Josh’s mind for a while.
“Well…not the whole group.”
Josh remembered that this night would end, and that everyone would go back to dealing with their trauma.
Not alone. Please for the love of god not alone.
He felt like some kind of traitor again, for feeling this awful around people with whom he should be happy.
It shouldn’t feel like this, after all this time. We won, didn’t we?
He remembered the panic attack he talked Lily through by phone after Britney called him, begging for help. He remembered Ava’s blank face as the signs of a flashback started to show. He remembered the bags under Stacy’s eyes as she drank more coffee than was healthy. He remembered the late night texts from Andy faking small talk when he couldn’t sleep and needed some anchor to reality. He remembered the way Dan finally admitted with tears that he wasn’t fine, was anything but fine.
And he remembered seeing the thing that used to be Noah in the ruins, looking back at him with those white eyes before vanishing.
No, Josh realized. We didn’t.
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Seconds ago, Josh had gotten Noah out of Redfield’s (no, Jane’s) control as he was seconds away from being stabbed.
He goaded and taunted the monster they all feared since childhood, and fended it off with a whistle.
So this should be easy, right?
Taking Jane’s place so she could finally be free of the hell she spent nearly a decade in.
“I’m sorry, Josh,” Noah sobbed. “Please…please tell my mom-”
“Wait!” Josh said shakily. “It doesn’t have to be you!”
“Josh, please, it had to be me,” Noah begged. “Let me do this. Let me fix my mistakes.”
“NO!” he screamed. “Don’t you dare! Let me do this! Let me take her place instead!”
Except…
Josh didn’t say any of that.
He wanted to stop Noah, he wanted to so much, but no matter what, his throat wouldn’t obey.
When it mattered the most, all he could give is silence.
If the two of them were any closer, their faces would touch. Unfallen tears pooled in Noah’s eyes, filled with regret
Josh didn’t know what to do. He wanted to scream at Noah. He wanted to hug him and never let go. He wanted to punch him.
But Noah acted before Josh could.
His lips weren’t soft, but warm and gentle, and soon turn salty when tears hit their lips. Neither of them knew whose.
“I’m sorry,” Josh lost count of the number of times Noah’s apologized today. “I just…I needed to do that. Just once…”
Those are the last words Noah ever said as a human.
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The night ended with everyone promising to see each other tomorrow, and soon after that.
And so, here were Josh and Lucas, waiting together on a bench on the sidewalk for Josh’s mom to come pick them up and give Lucas a ride to his house.
Despite everyone parting with the unspoken promise of this goodbye isn’t for good, Josh couldn’t help that irrational fear that the opposite would be true, and they’d all fall apart over again.
“You good?” Lucas pulled Josh out of his thoughts.
“Huh?” he mumbled dumbly.
“You’re squeezing my hand pretty hard there,” Lucas shakes his hand holding Josh’s, and he finds out he’s right; Josh is squeezing Lucas’s hand like some kind of lifeline.
“Sorry,” Josh says sheepishly as he eases his grip, but Lucas gives a gentle squeeze, keeping him from pulling away.
“Hey, you’re alright,” Lucas says before Josh can apologize any more.
Josh smiled at him, not trusting himself to speak right now. Unfortunately, it just gave way to an awkward silence.
“Josh?”
“Yeah?”
“You know you can tell me anything, right?” Lucas asks.
“What…” do you mean, Josh wanted to say, but he just didn’t have the heart to lie to his boyfriend’s face.
“I know,” Josh sighed.
And he did. But that was a different story than being able to do it.
“I’m here for you. So is everyone else. And if something’s been on your mind, we’d all listen if you wanted to talk.”
Josh wanted to.
He probably needed to.
Josh remembered Dan, how he desperately needed someone to talk to, how he needed help, and what happened after he didn’t get it (it wasn’t his fault, it was mine).
But what could he possibly say?
Is it okay for me to have lingering feelings for someone else? Someone who betrayed us and led us to a monster? Someone who’s a monster now himself? Someone almost all of you understandably hate?
There’s no way he can bring that up. Not to his friends, not to his boyfriend.
“I don’t wanna talk,” Josh sighs. “Could we just…be here…? If that makes any sense?”
“It doesn’t,” Lucas jokes. “But it’s a good thing I’m a mind reader.”
Lucas put an arm around Josh, pulling him closer.
Josh rested his head on Lucas’s shoulder and closed his eyes, enjoying his boyfriend’s presence.
In the future, when Josh finally found it in him to talk, he’d be able to go back to the cabin. Against all advice, he’d look for Noah in the shadowy figure that haunted the woods. And he’d find him. And soon after, Josh would be able to help more people who were forced into a world of monsters like he and his friends were.
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