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jkgacelos · 2 years

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Social Media: Fake News, Misinformation, and Disinformation

by Gacelos, Janina Kwenn

Internet is a world-changing technological advancement; we can communicate outside our countries with a single tap on our screens, but as we know, everything that is good has a nasty side. It is undeniably clear how the internet has changed people’s lives, as it provides better opportunities, and we can freely express our thoughts and opinions here. On the other hand, people can exploit our privilege on the internet. They can spread fabricated news, misinformation, and disinformation that can indeed influence a person’s or an organization’s reputation. According to an article by UW Library (2021), those three terms are different altogether; misinformation is a piece of disseminated false information, regardless of whether it has the intention to deceive. Manipulated or biased data intended to mislead is called disinformation. Publishers are the ones who make fake news. It is sensational, deceptive, and falsified information that resembles mainstream news. These terms are vaguely different altogether, yet they almost have the same intention to mislead people on social media. Individuals can spread misinformation, fake news, and disinformation as most of the population has access to the internet and can see and read the information presented anytime and anywhere. Luckily, most people on social media are aware of this and are cautious not to believe everything on the internet, as most individuals look for receipts and proof of this said information. People were tired of the countless false information, so we are now getting educated on spotting misinformation, fake news, and disinformation by researching the topic on hand. Even though we know how to spot false information, it is still harmful and a problem these days.

According to Talwar, et al (2020), fake news can affect almost everyone and everything; whether a person is a normal living being or the one receiving false accusations is a group of people, like an organization or company. Spreading false information can exacerbate its affected group and may lead to different repercussions. Let us take for an example, in the year 2016, when the US presidential elections were ongoing, there is infamous news of Pope Francis allegedly supporting Donald Trump for the presidency, this is proved to be misinformation made by a fake news publisher named Ending the fed. The news became viral and reached 960,000 Facebook engagements. The article towards this issue is removed but their page on Facebook is still running with over 350,000 followers. In this scenario, both Pope Francis’ and Donald Trump’s reputations changed for significant time, Pope Francis took the negative impact on his reputation while Donald Trump has a positive impact on his reputation, it is until the information is confirmed to be a deception by the publisher. Another example is the misinformation and fake news about the COVID – 19. According to researchers Apuke & Omar (2021), it is critical to understand the function that social media plays in the transmission of misinformation since it increases the spread of news and individuals consume news via links published on social media. The study has stated that the increase in the usage of social media platforms for information sharing could be contributed to the spread of false news. It has also been observed that the excessive flow of COVID-19 information is a factor in the development of COVID-19 fake news. Misinformation about COVID-19 has been discovered to be promoted through entertainment and self-promotion. The spread of misinformation on a topic like COVID -19 causes health anxiety and panic to people around the world. An example of this is when the world succumbs to a state of panic in the year 2020 and proceeds to hoard necessities like food and toilet paper. As a result, stores’ stocks have been depleted and other people needing these necessities are left with nothing. Manipulating the media and spreading disinformation is not rare in social media. One of the instances we encounter disinformation is the clickbait phenomenon on the internet, whether it is news, a YouTube video, or a social media post. As reported by Brooks (2019), we human beings are naturally curious and seek information. We feed on knowledge as we need them to survive. The promise is that if we click on that link, we will find something unbelievable, controversial, or surprising about the subject; that intrigues us and releases dopamine hormones that make us click on the said article or video. Clickbait is a manipulation strategy that can also be disinformation. Spreading misinformation on social media is common and can be seen everywhere, but it is our responsibility to research as we have the resources. It is in our control which information we acquire. We should do fact checks before believing something on the internet.

Social media is a medium for sharing and communicating with other people through the internet. The evidence speaks for itself that misinformation, fake news, and disinformation can cause serious harm if done effectively. Though there are some disinformation like clickbait and satire jokes that cause little to no harm. False data that are harmful are those who are concerned about politics, crimes, and the pandemic. As COVID-19 is still prevailing, so does the need to stay inside our houses and avoid going to places where there are numerous people. We use the internet to stay updated on the news about the pandemic, and there is a chance that we will encounter outrageous fake news like people are going to be mutated into zombies when they get vaccinated. Misinformation is also the reason why people are so afraid and have the anxiety to go outside because there are reports out there on the internet that overexaggerates the COVID-19. We are born with curiosity and the desire to learn and acquire knowledge, with this combined with technological breakthroughs, we used social media as a source of information and news. Once we stumble upon misinformation, fake news, or disinformation, we should see other people’s comments on the said topic and do research about the topic to avoid being misled and deceived. We start our journey in this world with innocence and feebleminded; as we experience encountering fake information; we learn and we overcome.

Bibliography

Apuke, O., & Omar, B. (2021). Social media affordances and information abundance: Enabling fake news sharing during the COVID-19 health crisis. Sage Journals. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/14604582211021470

Brooks M. (2019). How does clickbait work? | Psychology Today. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/tech-happy-life/201909/how-does-clickbait-work

Buchanan, T. (2020). Why do people spread false information online? the effects of message and viewer characteristics on self-reported likelihood of sharing social media disinformation. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7541057/

Meserole, C. (2018). How misinformation spreads on social media and what to do about it. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/05/09/how-misinformation-spreads-on-social-media-and-what-to-do-about-it/

Talwar, S., Dhir, A., Singh, D., Virk, G. S., & Salo, J. (2020). Sharing of fake news on social media: Application of the honeycomb framework and the third-person effect hypothesis. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969698920306433

UW Library. (2021). News: Fake news, Misinformation & Disinformation. University of Washington Bothell & Cascadia College Campus Library. https://guides.lib.uw.edu/c.php?g=345925&p=7772376

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juarezesdeporte · 1 year

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CON LAS GARRAS TIGRES MARCA Y ES SEMIFINALISTA!!

Toluca.-La actividad dominical de los Cuartos de Final del Clausura 2023 nos tenía reservadas grandes emociones en su inicio. Tras caer en la ida por marcador de 4-1, a los Diablos sólo les quedaba golear a Tigres en busca del boleto a Semifinales de la LIGA BBVA MX.

Desde el silbatazo inicial, Toluca se hizo del balón, mientras los Felinos estaban a la caza de una desatención en la salida para aprovechar el espacio largo.

Fue hasta la mitad del primer tiempo que Edgar López arrastró marca en los linderos del área, picó el esférico y superó a Nahuel Guzmán.

Las llegadas seguían causando peligro en el área de la visita. En el tiempo agregado, un balón elevado de Valber Huerta techó a la zaga de Tigres, Carlos González mandó un centro al punto penal y Marcel Ruiz apareció con un testarazo para hacer el 2-0 con el que los Diablos se ponían a un tanto de la hombrada.

En la segunda mitad, los dirigidos por Robert Dante Siboldi salieron con la convicción de tener el balón y luego de una aproximación, Toluca jugó en largo, Carlos González peinó y conectó con el Gacelo, quien definió de pierna derecha para colocar el 3-0 que ponía los Escarlatas en la siguiente instancia.

Fue al minuto 70 que el infierno se enfrió. André-Pierre Gignac sirvió un balón elevado a la llegada de Sebastián Córdova para colocar el tanto con el que recuperaban la ventaja en el global y con ello el boleto a las Semifinales del Clausura 2023.

(Por:juanpabloaguila Dirección de Comunicación Liga MX)

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