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anyab · 5 months

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Via NasAlSudan

Swipe through to learn about the ethnic cleansing, historical context, current events, and key factors contributing to the Genocide in Darfur. For actionable ways to make a difference, please it is @darfurwomenaction.

December 18 2023

Transcript:

Darfur A region in western Sudan, consisting of 5 states and home to around 80 tribes of diverse ethnic makeup, consisting of African and Arab descent. Has a history of enduring social, political, and economic marginalization under past governments. Has been enduring a 20-year conflict known as the Darfur War (2003 - Present).

Transcript:

What is happening today?

Using the cover of the war in Sudan and the SAF's preoccupation in the capital of 7 Khartoum, RSF forces almost immediately launched a genocidal assault in El-Geniena, the capital of West Darfur, against members of the Masalit tribe.

The brutal massacres and horrific reports of sexual assault and enslavement have prompted more than 500,000 to flee via the Western border to Chad since the conflict's start eight months ago.

Since June, RSF assaults in the Darfur region have led them to capture 4/5 states, with the group now controlling West, Central, South, and East Darfur. North Darfur and its capital of El-Fashir remain under the relative protection of the SAF and its allied groups.

In July, following international condemnation, the International Criminal Court (ICC) reported that it is opening investigations into the RSF on the allegations of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

Key Alliances

Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF)

Justice and Equality Movement (Gibril Ibrahim)

Sudan Liberation Army (Minni Minawi)

GSLF (Salah Al-Wali)

Sudan Liberation Army (Mustafa Tambour)

Rapid Support Forces (RSF)

Bani Halba

Tarjam

Habaniya

Fallata

Taaysha

Misseriya

Rizeigat

Transcript:

Darfur: The war in numbers

Humanitarian crisis:

*56 cases of reported rape including minors, male children, and one resulting in death. Sexual violence cases are significantly underreported due to limited capacity, infrastructure, support measures, and willingness to come forward.

At least 29 cities, towns and villages fully or partially destroyed across Darfur.

At least 5 million children are facing extreme deprivation of their rights and protection risks.

Mass abductions and enslavement have been reported, with women forced into sexual acts for basic needs and both genders traded by captors.

1.2 million children under five in the Darfur states are suffering from acute malnutrition. 218,000 of them facing severe acute malnutrition

Over 3,130 allegations of severe child rights violations Since mid-April

Transcript:

Building historical context

The colonial era (1899 - 1956)

During the period of Anglo-Egyptian colonization, a policy of identity fragmentation was pursued that played on the division of Arab and Muslim versus African and Christian

The hierarchical identity separation was a form of erasure and marginalization of many, including ethnically African Muslims, as most of the population of Darfur is

Furthermore, building on the identity fragmentation policy, land allocation under the British was to ethnic groups rather than on an individual basis

The African tribes of the Fur and Masalit were allocated the largest swaths of land, especially in comparison to Arab tribes like the Rizeigat

This led to a domination of African tribes in Darfur post-independence and continued land and resource-based conflict between the Arab and African tribes in the region

The second Sudanese civil war (1983-2005)

Due to systemic marginalization and the violation of the Addis Ababa Peace Agreement that had ended the first Sudanese Civil War, rebel groups in the South led primarily by the Sudanese People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) rose against the central government in Khartoum in 1983

An estimated 2 million people were killed and 4 million displaced.

Unable to fend off SPLA alone, the central government armed members of the Arab tribes of Darfur (collectively known as the Baggara tribes) to help fight the war, particularly against displaced southerners who had fled towards Darfur and the Nuba Mountains regions of Sudan

The Baggara tribes now held a weapons advantage over African tribes

Transcript:

Bashir era escalation (1994-1999) Under the government of deposed dictator Omar al-Bashir, a rigorous strategy of Arabization was pursued across Sudan

In 1994, Bashir divided the region of Darfur into 3 states: North, West and South Darfur

Altered the boundaries to make the ethnically African Fur tribe a minority in each state

In 1995, Bashir appointed 8 Arab emirs in West Darfur, which was dominated by the African Masalit, which led to the the outbreak of the Arab-Masalit War (1995-1999)

This was Darfur's second war, with the first being the Arab-Fur War (1987-1989) following the migration of Arab tribes to the southern Fur dominated region due to drought and famine

The rise of militias (1995 - 2003)

Stemming from the Baggara tribes armed by the government in the 80s, the Arab tribes banded together during the Arab-Masalit war to form a new militia, the Janjaweed

In response, the early 2000s witnessed the formation of many ethnically African militias (Fur, Masalit, Zaghawa) to challenge the central government, including:

Darfur Liberation Front (DLF) - 2001

Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) - 2003

Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) - 2003

Transcript:

Declaration of the Darfur war(2003)

In March of 2003, a government helicopter was shot down by SLM/A, marking the start of the Darfur War

Rebel attacks were highly coordinated and army resources were depleted from the fight in the South against SPLA

By May of 2003, the central government realized that it had lost the first 32 of 34 battles

Prompted the Bashir government in June of 2003 to escalate the war through the arming of the Janjaweed to fight as a proxy for the central government

Genocide in Darfur (2003 - 2005)

The Darfur genocide marks the systematic killing of ethnically African Darfuri people at the hands of the Bashir government and Janjaweed, constituting the first genocide of the 21st century.

Typified by systematic targeted assaults, mass displacement, sexual violence, and intentional obstruction of aid, all contributing factors leading to its classification as genocide.

Targeted the Fur, Masalit, and Zaghawa ethnic groups, of which, over 300,000 people were killed and millions displaced, with 400,000 refugees forced to seek shelter in camps in neighboring Chad.

Ethnic divisions served as fuel for the conflict, exemplified by the derogatory term "abd" (slave) used against the ethnically African Darfuri population.

In 2009, al-Bashir became the first sitting head of state indicted by the ICC for war crimes and crimes against humanity, and was later on charged with genocide

Transcript:

FAQ - From the Janjaweed to the RSF

Question 01 What happened to the Janjaweed?

The paramilitary group was formalized by al-Bashir in 2013 as the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and legally incorporated into the security sector in 2017

Question 02: Who makes up the RSF today?

Today, the RSF is primarily comprised of members of western Arab tribes from across the Sahel including the: Rizeigat, Taaysha, Beni Halba, Habbaniya, Salamat, Messeria, Tarjam, and Beni Hussein

Due to the lucrative pay and benefits offered by the RSF, members of these tribes from Chad, Niger, Mali have all joined the ranks of the RSF in this war

Question 03 What about the rebels?

Though groups like JEM and SLA fought in the Darfur War against the central government and the Janjaweed, today they have allied with the SAF to fight the RSF in its campaign of ethnic cleansing against the Masalit

Transcript:

How the system works

Systems of oppression

Resource Competition Climate change coupled with competition for scarce resources exacerbated intercommunal conflict. Darfur's arid environment heightened competition for scarce resources, such as water and arable land, exacerbating tensions between herding Arab groups and farming African tribes.

Historical Grievances Historical disparities in land distribution, dating back to colonial times, created resentment between Arab and African communities. The distribution favored African tribes, fostering a sense of marginalization among the Arab tribes.

Government Policies The Sudanese government, historically dominated by Arab elites, pursued exclusionary policies that favored Arabization and Islamization. This contributed to the marginalization of non-Arab ethnic groups, particularly in Darfur.

Armed Conflict The Second Sudanese Civil War (1983- 2005) set the stage for Darfur's conflict. As the government armed Arab militias, known as the Janjaweed, during the civil war, these militias continued their operations in Darfur post-war, targeting non-Arab communities.

Ethnic and Racial Divisions The conflict took on ethnic and racial dimensions, with the government's targeting of African tribes and creating the Janjaweed against the ethnically African Darfuri population. This fueled animosity and contributed to the genocide.

Resource Competition The Janjaweed and Sudanese government engaged in systematic violence, including targeted assaults, mass displacement, sexual violence, and obstructing aid. These tactics aimed to weaken and destabilize the targeted communities, constituting genocidal acts.

#Sudan #keep eyes on sudan #sudan action week

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rmechmachines · 5 days

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patriaguides · 4 years

Photo

"It was nationalism that Indonesia was established! Not the Javanese nationality, not the Sumatran nationality, not the Bornean nationality, Sulawesi, Bali or other, but the Indonesian nationality, that together became the foundation of one nationale staat (nation-state)." - Ir. Soekarno, the first President of Indonesia on his speech to the Preparatory Investigative Body for the Effort of Indonesian Independence, June 1, 1945 Happy Independence Day Indonesia The photo was taken on the occasion of Indonesian independence ceremony at Indonesian Garuda Contingent (KONGA) - FPU 6 camp in UNAMID HQ, El Fasher, Darfur Sudan. 17 August 2014. (at Garuda Camp - Indonesia FPU, Al Fashir, Darfur, Sudan) https://www.instagram.com/p/CD-cljMsiEd/?igshid=xqocg3f7um4x

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sopalinsopalin · 7 years

Quote

he asks you what you are and pissed ain't the answer he's looking for but that's the one you throw him so he slides around and catches it asks you where you're from but time has taught you that that question never seems to mean what it's supposed to he doesn't care about el fashir just wants to know who shaped your cheekbones where your borders lay what accent to picture you screaming in you have to choose your battles you weren't built a soldier but you were born into war and can’t always stomach the bloodshed (an excerpt from a warcry not fully formed)

Afaq Mahmoud

#poetry #afaq mahmoud #souvenues

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chindia-alert · 5 years

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Chinese peacekeeping helicopter unit to Sudan's Darfur awarded UN peace medals

Chinese peacekeeping helicopter unit to Sudan’s Darfur awarded UN peace medals

Anita Kiki Gebe, deputy joint special representative of the United Nations-African Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID), awards UN peace medal to a soldier of the 2nd China Medium Utility Helicopter Unit (CMUHU02) in El-Fashir, Sudan, July 17, 2019. The 140 officers and soldiers of the 2nd China Medium Utility Helicopter Unit (CMUHU02), a peacekeeping contingent to Sudan’s Darfur, were awarded UN…

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bestpricecomparison-blog1 · 6 years

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Sudan - EasySMX G2000 Over Ear Stereo Gaming Headset Wired Headphone with Adjustable Headband

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nuroful · 25 days

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#sudan #north africa #horn of africa #east africa #signal boost #middle east #keep eyes on sudan #darfur #El fasher #el fashir

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rmechmachines · 8 months

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Exporter of Belt Conveyor In Sudan

R Mech Machines LLP, established in 2008 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, has emerged as a global leader in manufacturing, supplying, and exporting of Belt Conveyor In Sudan and other related products.

The main purpose of our belt conveyors is material handling. Either the side working tables or the conveyor belt can be used for quick assembly. We construct conveyors depending on the process requirements as well as the load weight and size of the various commodities that must be transported.

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Flat Belt Conveyors

Modular Belt Conveyors

Cleated Belt Conveyors

Curved Belt Conveyors

Incline/Decline Belt Conveyors

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Specialty Conveyor Belts

Specification

Usage/Application: Industrial

Belt Width: 600 mm

Brand: R Mech

Belt Thickness: 10 mm

Features: Heat, Chemical Resistant

Finish: Color Coated

Load Capacity(Kg): 180 kg/Feet

Voltage: 240 V

Automation Grade: Semi Automatic

Voltage (Volt): 220/380 V

Body Material: Mild Steel

Belt Material: Rubber

Frequency: 50-60 Hz

Features

Low energy consumption

High reliability and less maintenance

Heavy duty idlers with anti-friction bearings to increase idler life and reduce horsepower requirements

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Zero speed switch

Our Belt Conveyors are used for grains, fertilizer, aggregate, cement, chemical, mining conveying and elevating.

RMech Machines LLP is Exporter of Belt Conveyor In Sudan and various locations like Khartoum, Omdurman, Khartoum North, Port Sudan, Kassala, Al-Ubayyid, Al-Fashir, Wad Madani, El Geneina, Atbara, Dongola, Rabak, Sennar, Kaduqli, Ed Damer, El Obeid, Medani, Kosti, El Fasher.

If you are interested in our high-quality products, please do not hesitate to reach out to us for further information.

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nuroful · 23 days

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#sudan #Darfur #El-fashir #Sudan war updates #darfur genocide #keep eyes on sudan #middle east #north africa #horn of africa #east africa

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rmechmachines · 8 months

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Exporter of Belt Conveyor In Sudan

Exporter of Belt Conveyor In SudanR Mech Machines LLP established in 2008 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, has emerged as a global leader in manufacturing, supplying, and exporting Belt Conveyor and other related products.The main purpose of our belt conveyors is material handling.You can use either the side working tables or the conveyor belt for quick assembly.We construct conveyors based on process requirements, considering the load weight and size of the commodities that need transport.The Types of Belt ConveyorsRoller Bed Conveyor Belts Flat Belt Conveyors Modular Belt Conveyors Cleated Belt Conveyors Curved Belt Conveyors Incline/Decline Belt Conveyors Sanitary and Washdown Conveyors Specialty Conveyor BeltsSpecificationUsage/Application: Industrial Belt Width: 600 mm Brand: R Mech Belt Thickness: 10 mm Features: Heat, Chemical Resistant Finish: Color Coated Load Capacity(Kg): 180 kg/Feet Voltage: 240 V Automation Grade: Semi Automatic Voltage (Volt): 220/380 V Body Material: Mild Steel Belt Material: Rubber Frequency: 50-60 HzFeaturesLow energy consumption High reliability and less maintenance Heavy duty idlers with anti-friction bearings to increase idler life and reduce horsepower requirements Heavy duty frames and structural supports to provide system rigidity Easy to install Zero speed switch Our Belt Conveyors are used for grains, fertilizer, aggregate, cement, chemical, mining conveying and elevating.RMech Machines LLP is Exporter of Belt Conveyor In Sudan and various locations like Khartoum, Omdurman, Khartoum North, Port Sudan, Kassala, Al-Ubayyid, Al-Fashir, Wad Madani, El Geneina, Atbara, Dongola, Rabak, Sennar, Kaduqli, Ed Damer, El Obeid, Medani, Kosti, El Fasher.If you are interested in our high-quality products, please do not hesitate to reach out to us for further information. Read the full article

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