Is Apple Watch 4 also able to measure the heart rate of toilet tissue? A bug, actually
In the recent Apple Fall Release Conference, Apple Watch 4 issued at the same time became another concerned topic after iPhone XS. Apple Watch could not only measure the heart rate of human body, but also measure “all existences in the world”?
In addition to detecting flashing light, other products all have “heart rate”
For the sake of verification, we tested toy bear, orange, water glass and flashing light and then it was true that Apple Watch could not only measure the “heart rate” of orange and toy bear but also water glass. In that case, the “heart rate” of toilet tissue measured by Apple Watch inadvertently maybe increase afterwards?
What is the reason causing Apple Watch to measure heart rates of various objects? The answer is the sensor behind Apple Watch.
Firstly, let’s run a popular science. At present, there are three major measure methods of pulse taking:
The first is the extraction and measure from ECG signal;
The second is using the fluctuation measured by pressure sensor to calculate pulse-rate in the process of blood pressure measurement;
The third is PhotoPlethysmoGraph (PPG).
The former two are required to restrict the user’s activity generally on account of extracting the user’s signal, and moreover, in case of long-term usage, physical and psychological discomfort can emerge. However, compared with the former two measure methods, PPG is not only easy to wear but also the most widespread method adopted by current detection bracelets.
-Apple Watch Series 4
PPG is also known as optical plethysmography. In short, after the infrared ray emitted by detector getting into subcutaneous tissue, it is absorbed by mobile blood cells in hypodermic blood capillaries and reflected to another phototransistor inside the probe, which signals are shown as arterial waveform after magnification, and moreover, the size of waveform is proportional to erythrocyte counts in partial micrangium. Higher waveform signifies more normal blood supply in this area.
Detection bracelets on the current market adopt this method in the main, but Apple Watch has another infrared lights in addition to the green light.
Apple Watch uses the trade-off of LED green light and infrared light to detect heart rate, and when the temperature is low, it obtains more precise data by means of measuring the absorption situation of green light. However, in the high temperature environment, such as fitness in a gym, the moisture on the skin surface increases. Due to more green light has been absorbed, it is more difficult to detect the subcutaneous reflective green light, and then Apple Watch will convert to the mode of infrared light.
-Principle of PPG
However, no matter pure green light or alternation of infrared and green light, there is an inevitable bug in adopting PPG. For example, as said before, with regard to pear and toy bear which can return rays, Apple Watch was able to “detect the heart rate”. But while detecting the heart rate of light bulb or flashing light, the “heart rate” could not be measured because the ray of flashing light disturbs the reflective light source. This bug is definitely applicable to any wearable products in detecting the heart rate by PPG.
In fact, this is not a problem of product itself. Experts explain that the emphasis of heart rate type bracelet lies in human tissues, and non-human body objects can also be read some data, which is a known and normal phenomenon. Based on the light reflection principle, the heart rate detection is able to have indications, which is inescapable in all, so the problem of heart rate data emerging happens in the case of heart rate bracelet (watch) “void detection”.
More than Mi band other smart band (watch) products featuring heart rate detection including Apple Watch, Samsung Watch and Honor Band can also generate heart rate data in detecting objects without heart rate originally.
As a matter of fact, most of current bracelets adopt PPG to detect the heart rate, that is, the detector will emit a certain wavelength of light beam on skin, and then the light beam will be spread to the light receiver by means of modes of transmission and reflection, and due to the absorption and attenuation function of muscle and blood towards light, the optical signal strength received by receiver will also show pulsatile changes.
This also implies that if the regularity of light variation reflected by detected objects is within a certain range, the heart rate reading is possible to be fitted by algorithms. The plant fiber in toilet tissue is a fine reflector of optical signal, and the software fits the reflective optical signal’s fluctuation into heart rate.
-Failure in using PPG to measure the “heart rate” of flashing light
Is PPG reasonable? Actually, it is a pulse measurement method approved in medicine, so there is no problem in the degree of accuracy. Nonetheless, as said before, all of objects featuring returned light can be detected heart rate through this method on the whole, so it can not detect whether the object is alive. There is definitely no problem in wearing it on the wrist to detect the heart rate.
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