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zephycluster · 3 years

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Precolonial HWS SEA Rant Post, feel free to ignore

If you're still reading, then you're probably looking for evidence or some juicy tidbits to throw back at me or to try and find dirt to cancel me, like typical Tumblr/Twitter. Go ahead, I don't really care.

First off, let me just say that If you like Precolonial South-East Asia AUs, feel free to keep enjoying them. I will respectfully support your passions from afar. This post is just to explain why I don't like it, especially the way they keep insisting/portraying PH in it.

Still here? Then let me begin.

Since the recent confirmation that the ASEAN Six Majors (Can't really say ASEAN 10 atm since it's still missing some people) Were completed and the Ma-Phil-Indo Trio was included, there has been a large surge in 'Precolonial' fanarts and portrayals of South East Asians, those three especially.

Even long, long before, circa 2010's ish, a rather well-known fan universe known as 'Maaf' dealt with their story and how their Author thought their intertwined histories went. Written by (my best guesstimate) an Indonesian writer who wants to explore the old, SEA bond.

When I first stumbled across Maaf (I was in Highschool at the time, around age 16-ish), I took a casual interest in it and tried to read it through. But, I will wholeheartedly admit that at the time, Pre-Colonial cultures of South-East Asia in general, let alone Philippine, did not really interest me that much. The focus (I think) was mostly on Indonesia, a country I didn't really know back then, and the liberal use of 'ancient' names and artwork just made it feel like an entirely Original Work (that needed a degree in History to really appreciate) and not something from Hetalia. I also completely disagreed with what I could gather was the story's portrayal of PH but I'm getting ahead of myself.

Do I hate 'Maaf'? No, I don't hate it. Do I wish I never came across it or that it didn't exist? Of course not. Just because I didn't enjoy it or appreciate it that well doesn't mean I wish any ill toward it, its fans, or its creator.

Fast forward to April 2021, the long awaited inclusion of South East Asia to the canon Hetalia verse. I was happy, the other fans were happy, all was good.

Then started the questionable fanarts, fan theories and fan pairings.

Especially the expansion of Precolonial! PH.

Let's go back to Maaf for one moment. From what I understood of Maaf, PH there was a character who once was like all the other South East Asian cultures, trading with them, all around being a nice family.

But all that changed when the Spaniards attacked, so cry the precolonial buffs. They destroyed everything, ransacked and marginalized the tribes, erased everything that PH was!

Did that happen? ABSOLUTELY. The Spaniards had this vision in mind that they must spread Christianity to all of the 'savage, unchristian heathens' of their realm. :V /s

But back up a second, back to PH's portrayal in Maaf. The way she (yeah, she) was portrayed there was that she was slowly losing her memories of being a 'true' South East Asian and grew more and more westernized in the process, like some sort of Culture-specific Alzheimer's or something.

Firstly, that is seriously depressing, and secondly, I just really don't see that happening.

Here's why.

Point 1: Even before Colonial Masters, Filipinos as a people cannot agree on anything.

I'll just begin this segment with a Philippine proverb that outlines what Filipinos call 'Crab Mentality' or 'Crab Bucket Mentality'.

"You don't need a lid for a container when you're keeping multiple crabs. If you keep at least two crabs together, they will just pull each other down instead of helping each other up."

I don't know how it goes with Indonesian or Malaysian history class, but what I know of my homeland, both pre- and post-colonial history, we were never really 'united' or 'together' in the sense that Indonesia and Malaysia were (from what I assume).

Let me pull up a somewhat related question on r/AskHistorians.

The reason I brought this up as it shows the reasons why, in my opinion, a single entity that is 'Precolonial Philippines-tan' is an impossibility.

The answers are long and would extend this already long post to stupid proportions, so I'll just quote relevant sentences. The link is here for those that wanna deep-dive into the answer.

"All this to say that there wasn't a name used for the entire Philippine islands before the Philippines that people now would agree to. An interesting comparison would be the Holy Roman Empire, which might also be characterized as disparate politico-geographic groups of relatively small size that had a history of relations between each other, but one thing they had that the Philippines did not was a common language, or at least a family of mostly mutually intelligible languages, so that the name Deutschland or Germany isn't terribly offensive to anyone. If you called the Philippines the 'Lupang-Tagalog' or even 'Lupang-Tao' the other ethnic groups would protest."

For those in need of translation, 'Lupang Tagalog' means 'Land of the Tagalogs' and 'Lupang Tao' means 'Land of People', specifically. The first one is already exclusive and offensive, as the Tagalog peoples are but one of many ethnicities here.

And for the 'Lupang Tagalog' suggestion specifically, it's even more offensive as they are the majority ethnicity (not by much, just around 28%) From this chart from Geography Now! It would basically be alienating everyone else in the 72% remainder that isn't 'Tagalog'.

And even 'Lupang Tao', the most generic name in a local language you can think of, would be met with contempt because the name itself is in the Tagalog language.

Just travelling between two individual island groups today would sometimes require a translator because the words can change very rapidly and very drastically. Here's a sample of some differences coming from a friend living in Visayas (in Red) vs. the words I know living in Luzon (In blue).

Ate vs. Manang = Older Sister

Ibon vs. Pispis = Bird

Tumawa vs. Kadlaw = To laugh

Takot vs. Hadlok = Fear

Kain vs. Kaon = To eat

Ngayon vs. Subong = Now, at this point in time

Iyak vs. Hibi/Gibi = to cry

Talampakan vs. Tiil = Foot (in Tagalog, the word retains its 'body part AND unit of measurement' meaning)

Tulog vs. Tuyo = to sleep (Tuyo in Tagalog is either a dried salted fish or 'to dry')

The kicker is that just like Tagalog is just one of many languages here, so too is the language my friend speaks. Ask an entirely new person, like someone from Mindanao, they'll probably have an entirely new set of words.

It's not just Luzon vs. Visayas vs. Mindanao, either. Here's a map listing some of the ethnic groups here.

Even the way they're written differs from location to location.

While we're on the subject of Island divisions, a casual skim across Twitter and Tumblr has shown that their Precolonial PH has been one of the following ancient civilizations: Tondo, Butuan, Sugbu, Namayan. There may have been others but that was what I have found.

Notice how even today, the posters of Precolonial PH can't seem to agree on what he's supposed to be? With Indonesia it's either Majapahit or Srivijaya and Malaysia it's usually Malacca iirc.

What is the big deal? Well, let's go back to the Ask Historians post. "Why didn't the Philippines ever change its name to remove the colonial mark that being named after a Spanish King has?" The answer: "If you suggested something dating to precolonial times, the other ethnic groups would protest."

Since we're on a roll with maps, let me bring this up.

As you can see, the precolonial PH posts have a reason to not be able to agree on one thing, as there is a LOT of options. Do you also see how THAT list is also split up?

It's split up into those aligned with China (Sinified), aligned with India (Indianized), aligned with the Middle East (Islamicized), and no alignment (Animist). Now, let's go back to the main suggestions for which Kingdom/Polity/Civilization/whatever Modern Philippines used to be.

If the Filipino peoples' couldn't agree on something as simple as WHAT TO CALL THE LAND THEY'RE LIVING ON, what more a living, breathing, walking, talking entity that is supposed to be a beacon of all of their 'unified' culture? ESPECIALLY if that entity used to be a currently existing Kingdom/Polity/Rajahnate/Sultanate/whatever.

Tondo? "Of course, always the damn Tagalogs. Tagalog this, Tagalog that. First the capital city, then the language,* THE REST OF US EXIST, YOU KNOW! What about us in Visayas? Mindanao?"

*The national language known as 'Filipino' is just standardized Tagalog*

Butuan? "Wait, you want Butuan to represent us? They're they only Indian-aligned city in the Islam-majority Mindanao! They're not even that many of them! I'm not gonna change my religion!"

Sugbu, the other name for the Rajahnate of Cebu on the map? Lemme bring back my Visayan friend again. According to her, she hails from the Hiligaynon part of Visayas.

"Sure :v and the other islands are what?

Chopped liver?

Not to mention the language and writing barrier helloooo"

And Namayan? Well. I'll let this pic speak for itself.

To summarize, no matter who you pick as Modern PH's previous identity, it will not end well nor be accepted by the other Kingdoms at the time.

"So where does that leave Modern PH, he had to have been ONE of them, right?"

Well, not really. He doesn't HAVE to be one of the Ancient Kingdoms that lasted till the modern day. I mean, predecessor representatives exist in Hetalia canon, after all. Like Modern Greece is a different character from Ancient Greece, Ancient Egypt and Modern Egypt, heck even England and his brothers have a canon mother that was the rep before them.

Or you could even use the same logic that Germany does, in that each specific region has/had its own representative and that Modern!PH is just the 'mediator' between them (cause gawd does PH need one). There could be a Tondo, a Namayan, a Butuan, and a Sugbu, all arguing and this Proto-PH is just trying to make headway in making them all satisfied.

But, even after all this, there is another reason why I personally don't subscribe to the 'Precolonial PH' idea, and by tangential extension, the Indo x Phil pairing.

Point 2: Even without intending to, Precolonial Indo x Phil just comes off as patronizing

This second point is just ENTIRELY personal preference and barely has any facts to back it up.

Again, if you like the pairing and disagree with me, You do you. I will respectfully support you and your passions from a distance.

But for me, Indo being Phil's seme/bae/boyfriend and consistently bringing up precolonial times just comes off as patronizing.

Just one more time, I'd like to point out that I am NOT bashing Indonesia, its people or the subscribers of Indo x Phil. This is just how the pairing feels to ME specifically.

The way I see it, Indo x Phil as a pairing, especially if it extends back into precolonial times, reads the same way as a long-since married couple where the husband/wife CONSTANTLY brings up that ONE outing you had together, or that ONE prom night where you kissed while dancing, even it happened like 30 some-odd years ago and so much more happened since then.

Even in a platonic sense, It reads like two besties where one ALWAYS mentions stuff like 'Yeah but you looked so much cooler back in High School' or 'Back in Grade School you would've known that', or 'Remember back in Pre-school we did X? How could you forget that?'

How does one respond to the notion that no matter what you do now, it will never compare to a past you've already forgotten or barely remember? That the best version of 'you' is already long gone?

"That's because the westerners made you forget your culture! You gotta take it back!"

While it is true, yes, as a collective we barely remember the Kingdom that commissioned the Laguna Copperplate, or created the Banaue Rice Terraces, or created the millennia old bonds that we still share with Indonesia and Malaysia.

But to keep pushing the precolonial identity would be to neglect and cast aside the one REAL binding belief and culture that spans the entirety of these islands we call the Philippines.

We take on all the bad stuff that happens to us, conquer it, and make it our own. Be it natural disasters, foreign powers, or negative stereotypical mentalities.

Yes, we've forgotten the ancient kingdoms of old and are just now digging through the closet for those remnants of the past. Yes, the colonizers imposed that on us, and made us forget. But in the process we've also taken everything that they left behind, everything that they threw at us, and created something that can only come from us.

The lanterns that the Spaniards used to light the way to the morning masses they made us attend became our globally known symbol of Christmas. The junked vehicles that the Americans left behind in World War 2 are now rolling works of art that announce themselves loud and proud on the streets (for better or for worse). The iced dessert recipe that the Japanese forced us to learn while they were occupying the country is now so distinct and famous it is synonymous with us, and is so delicious even Italy has taken notice.

Even after all this? Even after all the 425-ish years total we have been under a foreign power, with all the progress we've made as a country, a people, and a nation, you would still imply our fragmented, jigsaw puzzle state of being in the past was better just because it was pure 'South East Asian' like everyone else?

We might not be as well put-together as Indonesia or Malaysia, but we made this melting pot of angry, leg-pulling, dogpiling, Native, Mestizo, Chinoy, and Fil-Am crabs OURS, damnit!

It's now 4:30 AM and I have work in 5 or so hours. I'll be going to sleep now.

#hws #hws philippines #precolonial philippines #hws theory #hetalia #hetalia world stars #hetalia world series #hetalia headcanons #aph #axis powers hetalia #aph philippines #hetalia philippines #aph hetalia

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toppersexam · 4 years

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UGC NET Commerce Books, Question Paper, Free Study Material, MCQ

UGC NET Commerce Books, Question Paper, Free Study Material, MCQ The National Eligibility Test, also known as UGC NET or NTA-UGC-NET, is the test for determining the eligibility for the post of Assistant Professor and/or Junior Research Fellowship award in Indian universities and colleges. UGC NET is considered as one of the toughest exams in India, with success ratio of merely 6%. UGC NET Commerce Question Paper and MCQs Buy the question bank or online quiz of UGC NET Commerce Exam Going through the UGC NET Commerce Exam Question Bank is a must for aspirants to both understand the exam structure as well as be well prepared to attempt the exam. The first step towards both preparation as well as revision is to practice from UGC NET Commerce Exam with the help of Question Bank or Online quiz. We will provide you the questions with detailed answer. 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Unit 9: Legal Aspects of Business Indian Contract Act, 1872: Elements of a valid contract; Capacity of parties; Free consent; Discharge of a contract; Breach of contract and remedies against breach; Quasi contracts, Special contracts: Contracts of indemnity and guarantee; contracts of bailment and pledge; Contracts of agency, Sale of Goods Act, 1930: Sale and agreement to sell; Doctrine of Caveat Emptor; Rights of unpaid seller and rights of buyer, Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881: Types of negotiable instruments; Negotiation and assignment; Dishonour and discharge of negotiable instruments, The Companies Act, 2013: Nature and kinds of companies; Company formation; Management, meetings and winding up of a joint stock company, Limited Liability Partnership: Structure and procedure of formation of LLP in India, The Competition Act, 2002: Objectives and main provisions, The Information Technology Act, 2000: Objectives and main provisions; Cyber crimes and penalties, The RTI Act, 2005: Objectives and main provisions, Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) : Patents, trademarks and copyrights; Emerging issues in intellectual property, Goods and Services Tax (GST): Objectives and main provisions; Benefits of GST; Implementation mechanism; Working of dual GST. Unit 10: Income-tax and Corporate Tax Planning Income-tax: Basic concepts; Residential status and tax incidence; Exempted incomes; Agricultural income; Computation of taxable income under various heads; Deductions from Gross total income; Assessment of Individuals; Clubbing of incomes, International Taxation: Double taxation and its avoidance mechanism; Transfer pricing, Corporate Tax Planning: Concepts and significance of corporate tax planning; Tax avoidance versus tax evasion; Techniques of corporate tax planning; Tax considerations in specific business situations: Make or buy decisions; Own or lease an asset; Retain; Renewal or replacement of asset; Shut down or continue operations, Deduction and collection of tax at source; Advance payment of tax; E-filing of income-tax returns. NTA UGC NET Commerce Exam Pattern 2020 1. Paper I : It consists of 50 questions from UGC NET teaching & research aptitude exam (general paper), which you have to attempt in 1 hour. 2. Paper II : The UGC Commerce exam (paper 2) will have 100 questions and the total duration will be two hours. Each question carries 2 marks, so the exam will be worth 200 marks. Read below to know the pattern of NET Commerce examination (part II). Exam HighlightsDetails Test Duration120 minutes Total Questions100 Marks per question2 Total Marks200 Negative MarkingN/A Free Mock Test UGC NET Commerce : Click Here Online Test Series UGC NET Commerce : Click Here #UGCNETCommerce #UGCNETCommerce2020 #UGCNETCommerceExam #FreeTestSeries #QuestionsBank #UGCNETCommerceSyllabus #OnlineTestSeries #OnlineMockTest #ImportantQuestionPaper #ImportantQuestion

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timesofnewsindia · 4 years

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Rising US- China tensions - Is Controversial South China Sea a Major Contributor?

The South China Sea, one of the world’s busiest waterways, is subject to several recurring territorial confrontations involving China, Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Malaysia amongst others. With international support to the disputed region, it has now become a major point of conflict between US and China. A recent couple of weeks saw the US Navy exercising two aircraft carrier strike groups in it. The UK has also intimated that its new £3 billion aircraft carrier HMS Queen Elizabeth will sail in the South China Sea next year, exercising with American and Japanese warships. According to sources, this deployment is aimed to counter the increasingly aggressive threat of China.

What is South China Sea?

The "South China Sea as referred by International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is a marginal sea within Pacific Ocean spread over 3.5 million km². States and territories with borders on the sea (clockwise from north) include:

• The People's Republic of China (PRC),

• The Republic of China (Taiwan) ,

• The Philippines,

• Malaysia,

• Brunei,

• Indonesia,

• Singapore, and

• Vietnam.

It is one of the most strategically important body of water in the world, it being world’s second most used seaway with one-third of the world's shipping passing through it, carrying over $3 trillion trade annually. This body of water holds one third of the entire world's marine biodiversity making it ecologically significant besides being a source of profitable seafood for those sharing its shore with it. The bottom of this sea holds vast proven oil reserves of around 1.2 km³ (7.7 billion barrels), with an estimate of 4.5 km³ (28 billion barrels) in total and Natural gas reserves are estimated to total around 7,500 km³ (266 trillion cubic feet).

What is it disputed?

Because of its economic importance and geological placement, South China Sea dispute is one of the oldest, unresolved and potentially dangerous conflict of humankind encompassing three different issues: disputes over claimed territory, disputes over claimed waters, and disputes over the types of maritime activities that are permissible in these waters under international law. States sharing their territories with the disputed sea wants hold of fishing stocks, right to explore crude oil and natural gas in the seabed, and control over important shipping lanes. To be specific, the disputes include the islands, reefs, banks, and other features of the South China Sea, some of those witnessing recurring military confrontations being the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Mischief Reef and Scarborough Shoal.

During World War II, when the South China Sea region was not claimed by anyone, the Imperial Japanese Navy took over its control and used it for military operations. But after the war was over, it had to renounce its control as part of 1951 Treaty of San Francisco. The Imperial Japan however failed to establish control of a specific country over the sea and that is when the dispute started. When the Communist Party of China took over mainland China and formed the People's Republic of China in 1949, the nine-dotted line map was adopted which encompasses almost the entire South China Sea Region including islands. Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam claims only a portion of seabed around their geographical boundaries with the South China Sea. However, both China and Taiwan claims almost the entire body as their own, establishing it within what is known as the nine-dotted line.

China's claim over these nine-dotted lines does not have any legal origin and specific coordinates. It has been widely rejected by Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, and the United States, and has been criticized by numerous international scholars.

• The Geneva Accords of 1954,gave South Vietnam control of the Vietnamese territories south of the 17th Parallel including Paracel and Spratlys Islands. However, North Vietnamese government believes that the China is the lawful claimant of the Spratlys islands.

• In the late 1970s, the Philippines and Malaysia started including Spratly Islands their own territory. On 11 June 1978, Philippines issued a Presidential decree, declaring the north-western part of the Spratly Islands (referred to therein as the Kalayaan Island Group) as Philippine territory.

• China and South Vietnam each controlled part of the Paracel Islands before 1974. A brief conflict in 1974 resulted in 18 Chinese and 53 Vietnamese deaths passing control of the whole of Parcel Islands to China since then.

•An altercation took place on 14 March 1988 between Chinese and Vietnamese forces over the control of Spratly, in which over 70 Vietnamese sailors were killed. Disputing claimants regularly report clashes between naval vessels. Reports of naval clashes between both countries are a regular phenomenon now.

•Mischief Reef is also a disputed zone claimed by the China, Taiwan, Philippines and Vietnam. However, China occupied it in 1994 by gradually building structures on stilts in the area. Mischief Reef marked the first time when the PRC had a military confrontation with the Philippines.

•Scarborough Shoal is another feudal area claimed by China, Taiwan and the Philippines. In 2012, the PRC took over it as a response to the Philippine navy's actions of stopping Chinese fishing boats in the area.

•In 2012 and 2013, Vietnam and Taiwan confronted each other over anti-Vietnamese military exercises by Taiwan.

•Since 2013, China has resorted to island building in the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands region and militarized Woody Island by deploying fighter jets, cruise missiles, and a radar system. These actions have been widely condemned internationally.

•In May 2014, China established an oil rig near the Paracel Islands, leading to multiple incidents between Vietnamese and Chinese ships.

2011 agreement and South China Sea Code of Conduct

On 20 July 2011, the PRC, Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam agreed a set of preliminary guidelines on the implementation of the DOC (Declaration of Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea) which would help resolve their disputes. In May 2017, China and the ten member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) announced that they have finalized a framework for a code of conduct for the disputed South China Sea. The Code of Conduct (COC) that would establish safety and freedom of navigation in the South China Sea despite competing territorial claims is scheduled for completion in 2022.

The 2016 Verdict

In January 2013, the Philippines formally initiated arbitration proceedings against China's claim on the territories within the nine dotted lines. On July 12, 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration established that there is “no legal basis for China to claim historic rights" over the nine-dotted lines. The tribunal also criticized China's efforts to dominate the waterway by constructing artificial islands in the Spratly Islands, saying that it had caused "severe harm to the coral reef environment". Both China and Taiwan rejected this ruling.

International Support and Risks

Since 2015, the United States, France and the United Kingdom have started conducting freedom of navigation operations (FONOP) in the region in order to establish and ensure free and open access of to the South China Sea to everyone. Since May 2017, the United States has conducted six FONOPs in the region. Increasing number of encounters have intensified the risk of Beijing and Washington accidentally engaging into armed confrontation.

As far as India’s stance on the situation is concerned, as clarified by Indian Navy “India supports freedom of navigation in international waters, including in the South China Sea, and the right of passage in accordance with accepted principles of international law. These principles should be respected by all”. India supports the United States for resolution of territorial and maritime disputes in the Indo-Pacific region as per international law, notably United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Recently Indian foreign ministry spokesman Anurag Srivastava said that the South China Sea was “part of global commons and India has an abiding interest in peace and stability in the region”.

#south china sea #china #china virus #coronavirus #boycott china

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unabashedcollectivepizza · 2 years

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Virtual Kitchen Market Development, Key Opportunities and Analysis of Key Players to 2026

Global Virtual Kitchen Market is expected to reach US$ 118. 5 Bn. by 2027, at a CAGR of 13.5% during the forecast period.

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• Dahmakan • DoorDash • Kitchen United • Kitopi • Rebel Foods • Zuul Kitchens, Inc. • Starbucks Coffee Company • Ghost Kitchen Orlando

Regional Analysis:

Geographically, this report is segmented into several key countries, with market size, growth rate, import and export of Virtual Kitchen market in these countries, which covering North America, U.S., Canada, Mexico, Europe, UK, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Rest of Europe, Asia Pacific, China, India, Japan, Australia, South Korea, ASEAN Countries, Rest of APAC, South America, Brazil, and Middle East and Africa.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis on Virtual Kitchen Market:

The report has identified detailed impact of COVID-19 on Virtual Kitchen market in regions such as North America, Asia Pacific, Middle-East, Europe, and South America. The report provides Comprehensive analysis on alternatives, difficult conditions, and difficult scenarios of Virtual Kitchen market during this crisis. The report briefly elaborates the advantages as well as the difficulties in terms of finance and market growth attained during the COVID-19. In addition, report offers a set of concepts, which is expected to aid readers in deciding and planning a strategy for their business.

Key Questions answered in the Virtual Kitchen Market Report are:

Which product segment grabbed the largest share in the Virtual Kitchen market?

How is the competitive scenario of the Virtual Kitchen market?

Which are the key factors aiding the Virtual Kitchen market growth?

Which region holds the maximum share in the Virtual Kitchen market?

What will be the CAGR of the Virtual Kitchen market during the forecast period?

Which application segment emerged as the leading segment in the Virtual Kitchen market?

Which are the prominent players in the Virtual Kitchen market?

What key trends are likely to emerge in the Virtual Kitchen market in the coming years?

What will be the Virtual Kitchen market size by 2027?

Which company held the largest share in the Virtual Kitchen market?

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delightfulconnoisseurgentlemen · 3 years

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Brazing Alloy Market to Grow with Significant CAGR in Coming Years

" The 2021 Brazing Alloy market report covers the current market status including the market size, growth rate, recent developments, prominent players, market dynamics, and the current competitive landscape. Further, the report analyzes future opportunities, demand, growth factors and forecast the market to assess the strategies of major players in terms of coalition and membership, technological advancements, investments. Moreover, the report also analyzes strength, weakness, threats, and opportunities in terms of SWOT analysis as well as present and future effects of COVID-19 in the Brazing Alloy market. It also covers the latest developments that have taken place in recent years and offers the impact on the revenue, countries and segments of Brazing Alloy of the key company in the market. The Brazing Alloy market report presents market dynamics that includes market drivers, moderation, opportunities, and challenges. The purpose of the report: Get a sample for Tech Breakthroughs (use official email id to get higher priority) at: The report describes the competition analysis, economic policies and strategies adopted by the main players. This is a comprehensive overview and in-depth study of the current and future market of the Brazing Alloy industry. The report represents a basic overview of the market status, competitor segment with a basic introduction of major suppliers, major regions, product types and end industries. >> Download FREE Research Sample with Industry Insights (150+ Pages PDF Report) @

The major players involved in the Brazing Alloy market are: Brazing Alloy including: Lucas-Milhaupt Harris Products Group Huaguang Umicore Voestalpine Bæžšhler Welding Prince & Izant Aimtek Linbraze Wieland Edelmetalle (SAXONIA) VBC Group Materion Indian Solder and Braze Alloys Saru Silver Alloy Morgan Advanced Materials Stella Welding Alloys Pietro Galliani Brazing Sentes-BIR Wall Colmonoy Asia General Seleno Boway Yuguang Huayin Huale Vacuumeschmelze Metglas

Market segment by type, covers: Silver Brazing Alloys Copper Brazing Alloys Aluminum Brazing Alloys Nickel Brazing Alloys Others The market segment by applications can be divided into: Direct Channel Distribution Channel By region, the Brazing Alloy market is segmented into countries, with production, consumption, revenue (USD Million), market share and growth rate in these regions, from 2021 to 2026 (forecast); check out the highlights below: -North America (United States and Canada) -South Central America and Latin America (Brazil, Argentina, Mexico and the rest of Latin America) -Europe (UK, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Sweden, Denmark and the rest of Europe) -Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Australia, ASEAN countries, India, South Korea, New Zealand, rest of Asia) -Middle East and Africa (CCG, South Africa, Kenya, North Africa, RoMEA) -Rest of the world. Review of strategic analysis: -Key strategies selected by the main players -Short and long term industry trends -Analysis of Porter's five forces -Factors and challenges on the supply and demand side -Value chain analysis -Price analysis -Growth opportunities -Potential new business opportunities -Main areas of interest in the forecast period

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Detailed Table of Contents of Global Brazing Alloy Market Overview and Forecast to 2026 1 Brazing Alloy Market Overview 1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Brazing Alloy 1.2 Brazing Alloy Segment by Type 2 Brazing Alloy Market Competition by Manufacturers 2.1 Global Brazing Alloy Sales Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020) 2.2 Global Brazing Alloy Revenue Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020) 3 Brazing Alloy Retrospective Market Scenario by Region 3.1 Global Brazing Alloy Sales Retrospective Market Scenario by Region: 2015-2020 3.2 Global Brazing Alloy Retrospective Market Scenario in Revenue by Region: 2015-2020 3.3 North America Brazing Alloy Market Facts and Figures by Country 4 Historical Global Brazing Alloy Market Analysis by Type 4.1 Global Brazing Alloy Sales Market Share by Type (2015-2020) 5 Global Analysis of Historical Brazing Alloy Market by End Users 5.1 Global Brazing Alloy Sales Market Share by End Users (2015-2020) 6 profiled key companies 6.1 Manufacturing 1 6.1.1 Company information 6.1.2 Company Description and Overview 6.1.3 Brazing Alloy Sales, Revenue and Gross Margin (2015-2020) 6.1.4 Brazing Alloy Product portfolio 7 Brazing Alloy Manufacturing Cost Analysis 7.1 Brazing Alloy Key Raw Material Analysis 7.2 Proportion of manufacturing cost structure 8 marketing channels, distributors and customers 8.1 Marketing channel 8.2 Brazing Alloy List of distributors 8.3 Brazing Alloy Customers 9 Brazing Alloy Market Dynamics 9.1 Brazing Alloy Industry Trends 10 Global Market Forecasts 10.1 Brazing Alloy Market Estimates and Projections by Type 10.2 Brazing Alloy Market Estimates and Projections by End Users 10.3 Brazing Alloy Market Estimates and Projections by Region 11 Research results and conclusion 12 Methodology and data source 12.1 Methodology / Research approach 12.2 Data source 12.3 List of authors 12.4 Disclaimer …… Chapter 16. Conclusion >> [With unrivaled insights into the Brazing Alloy market, our industry research will help you take your Brazing Alloy business to new heights.] <<

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Why Report Hive Research: Report Hive Research delivers strategic market research reports, statistical surveys, industry analysis and forecast data on products and services, markets and companies. Our clientele ranges mix of global business leaders, government organizations, SME’s, individuals and Start-ups, top management consulting firms, universities, etc. Our library of 700,000 + reports targets high growth emerging markets in the USA, Europe Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific covering industries like IT, Telecom, Semiconductor, Chemical, Healthcare, Pharmaceutical, Energy and Power, Manufacturing, Automotive and Transportation, Food and Beverages, etc. Contact Us: Report Hive Research 500, North Michigan Avenue, Suite 6014, Chicago, IL – 60611, United States Website: https://www.reporthive.com Email: [email protected] Phone: +1 312-604-7323 Brazing Alloy including: Lucas-Milhaupt Harris Products Group Huaguang Umicore Voestalpine Bæžšhler Welding Prince & Izant Aimtek Linbraze Wieland Edelmetalle (SAXONIA) VBC Group Materion Indian Solder and Braze Alloys Saru Silver Alloy Morgan Advanced Materials Stella Welding Alloys Pietro Galliani Brazing Sentes-BIR Wall Colmonoy Asia General Seleno Boway Yuguang Huayin Huale Vacuumeschmelze Metglas , Argentina Brazing Alloy Market, Australia Brazing Alloy Market, Belgium Brazing Alloy Market, Brazil Brazing Alloy Market, Canada Brazing Alloy Market, Chile Brazing Alloy Market, China Brazing Alloy Market, Columbia Brazing Alloy Market, Egypt Brazing Alloy Market, France Brazing Alloy Market, Germany Brazing Alloy Market, Global Brazing Alloy Market, India Brazing Alloy Market, Indonesia Brazing Alloy Market, Italy Brazing Alloy Market, Japan Brazing Alloy Market, Malaysia Brazing Alloy Market, Mexico Brazing Alloy Market, Brazing Alloy Applications, Brazing Alloy Industry, Brazing Alloy Key Players, Brazing Alloy Market, Brazing Alloy Market 2020, Brazing Alloy Market 2021, Netherlands Brazing Alloy Market, Nigeria Brazing Alloy Market, Philippines Brazing Alloy Market, Poland Brazing Alloy Market, Russia Brazing Alloy Market, Saudi Arabia Brazing Alloy Market, South Africa Brazing Alloy Market, South Korea Brazing Alloy Market, Spain Brazing Alloy Market, Sweden Brazing Alloy Market, Switzerland Brazing Alloy Market, Taiwan Brazing Alloy Market, Thailand Brazing Alloy Market, Turkey Brazing Alloy Market, UAE Brazing Alloy Market, UK Brazing Alloy Market, United States Brazing Alloy Market, COVID 19 impact on Brazing Alloy market, Direct Channel Distribution Channel , Silver Brazing Alloys Copper Brazing Alloys Aluminum Brazing Alloys Nickel Brazing Alloys Others , Brazing Alloy, Brazing Alloy Market, Brazing Alloy Market comprehensive analysis, Brazing Alloy Market comprehensive report, Brazing Alloy Market forecast, Brazing Alloy Market Forecast to 2027, Brazing Alloy Market Growth, Brazing Alloy market in Asia, Brazing Alloy market in Australia, Brazing Alloy Market in Canada, Brazing Alloy market in Europe, Brazing Alloy Market in France, Brazing Alloy Market in Germany, Brazing Alloy Market in Israel, Brazing Alloy Market in Japan, Brazing Alloy market in Key Countries, Brazing Alloy Market in Korea, Brazing Alloy Market in United Kingdom, Brazing Alloy Market in United States, Brazing Alloy market report, Brazing Alloy market research, Brazing Alloy Market Forecast to 2026, Brazing Alloy Market 2020, Brazing Alloy Market Rising Trends, Brazing Alloy Market is Emerging Industry in Developing Countries, Brazing Alloy Market SWOT Analysis, Brazing Alloy Market Updates"

#Brazing Alloy Market

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severepeanutperfection · 3 years

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Pharmaceuticals Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Size, Top Key Players, Latest Trends, Regional Insights and Global Industry Dynamics By 2027

Global Chemicals and Materials Industry Outlook

Recycle and reuse practices are impacting the sales of virgin materials, resulting into lesser dependency on volume-driven growth. New materials are showcasing potential for driving value-based growth, but chemical companies are still some time away from achieving voluminous production, while maintaining high quality at the same time. Barring few exceptions, a majority of players are still prioritizing short-term volume growth over long-term value growth. Pressure on improving bottom-line is influencing manufacturers to improve efficiency and reduce operational costs. The impact of value-driven growth may not be visible in the short-term, but long-term outlook remains in favor of a balanced approach between value and volume.

Manufacturers are under increasing pressure to incorporate digital solutions in their offerings. Forward-thinking manufacturers are investing in technology to reduce human interference and streamline key operational aspects such as ordering and shipping. Resonating its influence over every industry, Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to transform and disrupt the chemical sector. Connectivity through IoT devices is gaining traction, whereas product-level sensors on dispensing equipment and barrels are helping manufacturers track their consignments digitally. Through assessment of long-term benefits, chemical companies are capitalizing on digitization by adopting digital platforms & processes that eliminate human error in profit-associated operations.

Manufacturers continue seeking low-priced feedstock in a bid to marginally reduce pre-production costs. Industry leaders are joining forces to replace fossil fuel-derived feedstock with bio-based alternatives. However, concerns related to producing affordable and sustainable feedstock at mass scale remains a challenge. Access to quality and affordable feedstock will continue to remain a focus area for manufacturers. Chemical manufacturing processes are running on limited energy, while volume of feedstock is getting stranded at ports as disapproval from import authorities keeps disrupting supply chains in sectors, such as oleochemicals and petrochemicals industries.

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Chemical manufacturers have promised support and adherence to governments & regional authorities that are committing towards green, sustainable initiatives. Development of bio-alternatives is gaining momentum. Research & academic institutes are teaming up with manufacturers to formulate sustainable substitutes for commonly-used chemical substrates. Many companies are keeping a close eye on advancements in “green chemistry.” Shift towards eco-friendly chemicals will gain momentum in the future on the back of government regulations and end-user preference. Rising costs of fossil fuels will also instrument the upsurge for sustainable chemicals manufacturing.

List of factors tracked in the chemicals and materials market report

Chemical Industry Value Add

Chemical Sales

Per Capita Consumption

Standard Capacity Factors

Plastics Consumption Outlook

Glass Consumption Outlook

Policies and Regulations

Historical growth of top players

Growth in associated markets

Net trade scenario

Apparent production capacity

For any queries linked with the report, ask an analyst >>https://www.futuremarketinsights.com/ask-question/rep-gb-6459

Research Methodology

FMI utilizes robust methodology and approach to arrive at market size and related projections. The research methodology for this report is based on 3 dimensional model. We conduct about 45-60 min duration detailed interviews with product manufacturers; apart from this we also collect market feedback from industry experts. To validate this data, we interact with senior panel members having more than 10 years of experience in relevant field. The panel members help in validating the findings and fill the gaps if any. In addition, we leverage on our existing pool of information, paid database and other valid information sources available in public domain. Usually industry interactions extend to more than 50+ interviews from market participants across the value chain.

Data Collection

FMI gathers data from secondary sources including company annual reports, association publications, industry presentations, white papers, and company press releases apart from these we leverage over paid database subscriptions and industry magazines to collect market information and developments in exhaustive manner. After being done with desk research, detailed questionnaire and discussion guide is formulated to initiate primary research with key industry personnel; the discussion aims at collecting key insights, growth perspectives, prevalent market trends and quantitative insights including market size and competition developments. Both of these research approaches help us in arriving at base year numbers and market hypothesis.

Table Of Content

1. Executive Summary

1.1. Overview

1.2. Market Analysis

1.3. FMI Analysis and Recommendations

1.4. Wheel of Fortune

2. Market Introduction

2.1. Market Taxonomy

2.2. Market Definition

3. Market Viewpoint

3.1. Macro-Economic Factors

3.1.1. Global GDP Growth Rate Outlook

3.1.2. Global Pharmaceutical Industry Outlook

3.1.3. Global Chemicals Industry Outlook

3.1.4. Global Chemical Sales

3.1.4.1. Global Sodium Carbonate Supply Demand Analysis

3.1.4.1.1. North America & Latin America (Export, Import) Analysis

3.1.4.1.2. Western & Eastern Europe (Export, Import) Analysis

3.1.4.1.3. ASEAN & India (Export, Import) Analysis

3.1.4.1.4. China & Middle East and Africa (Export, Import) Analysis

3.1.5. Pharmaceutical Industry Growth by Region

3.1.5.1. Latin America Pharmaceutical Industry Growth

3.1.5.2. Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry Growth

3.1.5.3. Indian Pharmaceutical Industry Growth

4. Global Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Analysis 2012–2016 and Forecast 2017–2027

4.1. Introduction

4.1.1. Market Value Projections

4.1.2. Market Volume (MT) Projections

4.1.3. Market Size and Y-o-Y Growth

4.1.4. Absolute $ Opportunity

4.2. Global Supply Demand Scenario

4.3. Global Market Dynamics

4.3.1. Drivers

4.3.2. Restraints

4.3.3. Trends

4.4. Value Chain Analysis

4.5. Global Pricing Analysis

4.6. Forecast Factors: Relevance and Impact

5. Global Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Analysis 2012–2016 and Forecast 2017–2027 By Grade

5.1. Introduction / Key Findings

5.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (MT) Analysis By Grade 2012 - 2016

5.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (MT) Forecast By Grade 2017 - 2027

5.3.1. Fine Grade

5.3.2. Coarse Grade

5.4. Market Attractiveness Analysis By Grade

6. Global Pharmaceutical Grade Sodium Bicarbonate Market Analysis 2012–2016 and Forecast 2017–2027 By Application

6.1. Introduction / Key Findings

6.2. Historical Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (MT) Analysis By Application, 2012 - 2016

6.3. Current Market Size (US$ Mn) and Volume (MT) Forecast By Application, 2017 - 2027

6.3.1. API

6.3.2. Excipients

6.3.3. Antacids

6.3.4. Hemodialysis

6.3.5. Tablet coating

6.3.6. Toothpaste

6.3.7. Others

6.4. Others Market Attractiveness Analysis By Application

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Data Validation

In this phase, FMI validates the data using macro and micro economic factors. For instance, growth in electricity consumption, industry value added, other industry factors, economic performance, growth of top players and sector performance is closely studied to arrive at precise estimates and refine anomalies if any.

Data Analysis and Projection

Data analysis and projections were made based on proprietary research frameworks and statistical analysis, which was further validated from industry participants. These frameworks include Y-o-Y growth projections, macro-economic factor performance, market attractiveness analysis, key financial ratios, and others.

For public companies we capture the data from company website, annual reports, investor presentations, paid databases. While for privately held companies, we try to gather information from the paid databases (like Factiva) and based on the information we gather from databases we estimate revenue for the companies. In addition, the team tries to establish primary contact with the companies in order to validate the assumptions or to gather quality inputs.

Standard Report Structure

Executive Summary

Market Definition

Macro-economic analysis

Parent Market Analysis

Market Overview

Forecast Factors

Segmental Analysis and Forecast

Regional Analysis

Competition Analysis

Target Audience

Production Companies

Suppliers

Channel Partners

Marketing Authorities

Subject Matter Experts

Research Institutions

Financial Institutions

Market Consultants

Government Authorities

About FMI

Future Market Insights (FMI) is a leading provider of market intelligence and consulting services, serving clients in over 150 countries. FMI is headquartered in Dubai, the global financial capital, and has delivery centers in the U.S. and India. FMI’s latest market research reports and industry analysis help businesses navigate challenges and make critical decisions with confidence and clarity amidst breakneck competition. Our customized and syndicated market research reports deliver actionable insights that drive sustainable growth. A team of expert-led analysts at FMI continuously tracks emerging trends and events in a broad range of industries to ensure that our clients prepare for the evolving needs of their consumers.

Contact

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yash-tiknayat · 3 years

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HVAC and Fire Protection Insulation Market

Market Highlights

The global HVAC and Fire Protection Insulation Market is projected to grow at a high rate during the forecast period, primarily due to the increasing need for fire safety solutions and stringent government regulations. Moreover, increasing the increasing utilization of fire equipment in smart buildings and cities is expected to present a growth opportunity for the global HVAC and fire protection insulation market.

HVAC and fire protection insulation are used to protect the buildings against harsh environmental conditions such as extreme temperature conditions, dust, noise, fire, and air leakage. Proper insulation in the HVAC system also helps reduce heat gain or heat loss and provides a comfortable, safe, and healthy environment. These insulation systems also absorb the vibration generated by the system and help in preventing the spread of fire. The developments in the overall construction industry are expected to grow exponentially in the coming years, resulting in a surge in the demand for HVAC and fire protection insulation in the construction industry.

The construction sector is one of the largest economic sectors contributing a considerable share toward the GDP. There are various building construction projects coming up. The renovation of existing buildings and new building construction in various countries of the region will witness significant investments. All these upcoming investments in the construction industry are likely to boost the growth of the global HVAC and fire protection insulation market. As per the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, Government of India, the Indian construction industry is expected to become the world’s third largest by 2022. Additionally, as per the Global Construction Perspectives and Oxford Economics (UK), the global volume of construction output is anticipated to grow by 85% to reach USD 15.5 trillion by 2030, especially in the US, China, and India. In the UK, in November 2020, Kier Group plc (UK) awarded a contract worth approximately USD 125 million to build Marylebone Square located in Central London, UK. The growth in the construction industry can be attributed to the improving global economic conditions and the increasing requirement from residential, commercial, and industrial sectors, which increased the demand for HVAC and fire protection insulation in the construction industry.

Moreover, fire protection has become an important part of enterprise safety, and enterprises must comply with the standards set by regulatory authorities. In the past few decades, there had been limited adoption of fire protection systems by enterprises; however, stringent regulations levied on the enterprises have compelled them to implement these systems on their premises. These enterprises usually depend on insulating materials, smoke detectors, smoke alarms, fire sprinklers, fire extinguishers, and other safety devices to protect their premises from fire. Additionally, the increasing loss of human lives and the need for safeguarding infrastructure have encouraged enterprises to invest in installing and maintaining fire protection systems on their premises. Thus, the increased investments in safety systems by enterprises are driving the growth of the global HVAC and fire protection insulation market during the study period.

The global market for HVAC and fire protection insulation is segmented based on type, application, end-user, and region. By type, the HVAC and fire protection insulation market has been segmented into glass wool, stone wool, plastic foam, and others. By application, the HVAC and fire protection insulation market has been segmented into ventilation duct insulation, pipe insulation, and others. By end user, the global HVAC and fire protection insulation market has been segmented into industrial, commercial, and residential.

Market Research Analysis

In terms of region, the HVAC and fire protection insulation market is segmented into Europe, North America, and Asia-Pacific. Asia-Pacific dominates the HVAC and fire protection insulation market.

The HVAC and fire protection insulation market in Asia-Pacific is expected to register the largest share during the review period. It is expected to be the fastest-growing regional market for construction, with China, India, Vietnam, and Australia being the major country-level markets of the region. The growth in the development of new infrastructure and the improvement in financial conditions in this region have led to the growth of the construction industry and, consequently, the HVAC and fire protection insulation market. Moreover, the rapid industrialization and urbanization in emerging economies, such as China and India, are also boosting the growth of the HVAC and fire protection insulation market in the region. According to Concrete Asia, the ASEAN countries are expected to increase their budgets for residential, industrial, and infrastructural projects in the next five years. Rapid urbanization, rising investments in real estate, and increased government and consumer spending are expected to double the economic size of the ASEAN economies in the next 10–15 years, which will trigger the growth of the building and construction industry in the region. The growing construction industry is projected to propel the demand for HVAC and fire protection insulation in the region.

Scope of the Report

This study provides an overview of the global HVAC and fire protection insulation market, tracking two market segments across three geographic regions. The report studies key players, providing a five-year annual trend analysis that highlights the market size, and shares for North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. The report also provides a forecast, focusing on the market opportunities for the next five years for each region. The scope of the study segments the global HVAC and fire protection insulation market by type, application, end user, and region.

By Type

Glass Wool

Stone Wool

Plastic Foam

Others

By Application

Ventilation Duct Insulation

Pipe Insulation

Others

By End-Use

Industrial

Commercial

Residential

By Regions

North America

Asia-Pacific

Europe

Key Players

The key industry participants in the global market for HVAC and fire protection insulation include Rockwell International A/S (US), Saint-Gobain (France), Kingspan Group (Ireland), Knauf Insulation (US), Armacell (Germany), PPG (US), L'ISOLANTE K-FLEX S.p.A. (Italy), GAF (US), Berkshire Hathaway, Inc. (US), Fletcher Insulation (Australia), Owens Corning (US), Broad Group (China), Beijing New Building Material (Group) Co., Ltd. (China), and BASF SE (Germany).

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About Market Research Future:

Market Research Future (MRFR) is an esteemed company with a reputation of serving clients across domains of information technology (IT), healthcare, and chemicals. Our analysts undertake painstaking primary and secondary research to provide a seamless report with a 360 degree perspective. Data is compared against reputed organizations, trustworthy databases, and international surveys for producing impeccable reports backed with graphical and statistical information.

We at MRFR provide syndicated and customized reports to clients as per their liking. Our consulting services are aimed at eliminating business risks and driving the bottomline margins of our clients. The hands-on experience of analysts and capability of performing astute research through interviews, surveys, and polls are a statement of our prowess. We constantly monitor the market for any fluctuations and update our reports on a regular basis.

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amshrihari · 3 years

Text

ALUMINUM EXTRUSION MARKET ANALYSIS

Aluminum Extrusion Market, By Product Type (Shapes, Rods & Bars, and Pipes & Tubes), by Product Finishing (Mill Finish, Powder Coated, and Anodized), by End-use Industry (Automotive, Machinery & Equipment, Building & Construction, Electrical & Energy, and Others), and by Region (North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa) - Size, Share, Outlook, and Opportunity Analysis, 2019 - 2027

Aluminum extrusion is a technique used for transforming alloys of aluminum into different objects with a definite cross-sectional profile for a wide range of applications such as automotive chassis, poles, bridges, rail track, door & window profiles, curtain walls, heat exchangers, machinery components, and others. Aluminum extrusions are recyclable with zero hazardous gas emission during the process.

Source

https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/ongoing-insight/aluminum-extrusion-market-3017

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Market Dynamics:-

Demand for aluminum is rapidly increasing in end-use industries such as automotive, building & construction, and electrical & electronics, owing to superior performance offered by aluminum over steel, and other metals. Furthermore, aluminum extrusion offers advantages such as light weight, recyclability, and corrosion resistant are expected to drive demand for aluminum extrusion in various end-industries. These factors are expected to drive growth of the aluminum extrusion market over the forecast period.

Moreover, growing end-use industries is expected to act as a major driver for growth of the aluminum extrusion market over the forecast period. Aluminum extrusion find its applications in structural support to roofing system, elevator shafts, stairwells and others in construction industry. According to the India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF), Indian real estate industry was valued at US$ 120 billion in 2017 and is expected to reach US$ 1 trillion by end of 2030.

Market Outlook:-

Among product type, mill finished segment is expected to account for over 50.0% market share in the global aluminum extrusion market over the forecast period. This is attributed to growth in end-use industries in emerging economies such as India, Thailand, and China. For instance, vehicle production in Thailand and India is increasing at a faster pace coupled with increasing consumption of aluminum extrusion per motor vehicle, leading to growth of the aluminum extrusion market in Asia Pacific.

Increasing per capita expenditure and changing lifestyle of consumers is expected to aid in growth of aluminum extrusion market over the forecast period. According to the International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers, the production of cars and commercial vehicles in India was 4.48 million units in 2016 and reached 5.17 million units in 2018.

However, volatility in aluminum prices is expected to hamper growth of the aluminum extrusion market over the forecast period, owing to fluctuations in raw material prices affecting the margin of aluminum extrusion manufacturers and cost at which consumers or end-users procure finished product.

Key Players:-

Major players operating in the global aluminum extrusion market include Hindalco Industries, Jindal Aluminum Limited, China Zhongwang Holdings Limited, Constellium N.V., Hydro Extrusions, Arconic Inc., Gulf Extrusions Co. (LLC), TALCO Aluminium Company, Bahrain Aluminium Extrusion Co. (Balexco), Zahit Aluminium and Qatar Aluminium Extrusion Company, and others

Market Taxonomy:-

On the basis of product type, the global aluminum extrusion market is segmented into:

Shapes

Rods & Bars

Pipes & Tubes

On the basis of product finishing, the global aluminum extrusion market is segmented into:

Mill Finished

Powder Coated

Anodized

On the basis of end-use industry, the global aluminum extrusion market is segmented into:

Automotive

Machinery & Equipment

Building & Construction

Electrical & Energy

Others

On the basis of region, the global aluminum extrusion market is segmented into:

North America

Latin America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Middle East

Africa

U.S.

Canada

Brazil

Argentina

Mexico

Rest of Latin America

U.K.

Germany

Italy

Spain

France

Poland

Russia

Rest of Europe

China

India

New Zealand

Japan

ASEAN

Australia

Rest of Asia Pacific

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)

Israel

Rest of Middle East

Northern Africa

South Africa

Central Africa

About Us:

Coherent Market Insights is a global market intelligence and consulting organization focused on assisting our plethora of clients achieve transformational growth by helping them make critical business decisions.

What we provide:

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Phone: +1-206-701-6702

Email:

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khalilhumam · 4 years

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Interview: On India’s neighbourhood, regional institutions and Delhi’s policy space

New Post has been published on http://khalilhumam.com/interview-on-indias-neighbourhood-regional-institutions-and-delhis-policy-space/

Interview: On India’s neighbourhood, regional institutions and Delhi’s policy space

By Constantino Xavier Q. Given your expertise in South Asia, by making use of the framework established within comparative politics how do you make sense of India’s South Asian policies in recent times? To what extent does it differ for various regional settings such as BIMSTEC, BBIN, and SAARC? Constantino Xavier: The big puzzle that we all face is why are institutions and regional organisations in this region, South Asia so weak. I think that the recent response to the COVID-19 crisis in South Asia reflects that. We’ve been talking a lot about the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) over the last few weeks, but if you look closer, the various funds, online meetings, and conferences and initiatives that Prime Minister Narendra Modi and India have been pushing for are not actually SAARC initiatives. SAARC is a regional organisation that has its headquarters and Secretariat in Kathmandu and it has only been marginally involved in crafting a response to this regional crisis over the last weeks. That becomes even more apparent if you look at other regions such as European Union (EU), which recently announced a €500 billion economic stimulus planned for their member states. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has had its problems over the last few weeks but has certainly more of a coordinated approach compared to South Asia, and even the African Union has had very interesting responses to this crisis, coordinated across Africa. So, sometimes people have a problem with institutions and here in Delhi, you often hear this – why do regional organisations even matter when we can do everything bilaterally; this is some sort of Western idea that works across the European Union but doesn’t work here. If you look at the literature on international organisations, historical institutionalism, neo-functionalism, regimes theory, and multilateralism, this goes back to the 1940s and 50s, but I think it is still very timely and it tells you that institutions don’t replace state sovereignty and independence but support state action by bringing a variety of states in a certain region together to overcome collective action problems. So, in the end, if you cooperate through institutions, everyone should be better off because institutions offer a forum for experts to meet, to share information, to share data for instance during the COVID-19 crisis, to set an agenda, to develop best practices, to train together in terms of preparing for example for disaster management, or to set the terms of trade, if you’re looking at economic regional cooperation. Therefore, you work on low politics first, which means technical issues like trade and transportation, and generally leave high politics such as security, defence, and military towards the end. The EU, for example, today is still not strong enough to have a joint diplomatic and military approach to most issues. So why has this institutionalised integration process not worked in South Asia? Three factors stand out. First, the Indian geographic, economic, demographic pre-dominance. India is the central state, so it makes it more difficult for other states to work with India as they are suspicious of its intentions more than that of any other state in South Asia. Second, the India-Pakistan dispute, which has derailed SAARC several times and continues to do so. And third, the post-colonial sovereign status- focussed approach to international politics in this region, where security weighs heavily and issues like trade interdependence are generally neglected. There are good news and bad news with regard to institutions in the region. The good news relating to your question is that we started in the 1980s with SAARC, which is a top-down intergovernmental regional organization. In the 1990s, we saw the emergence of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), which actually began as a sub-regional cooperation organisation, which means that it is becoming closer to focus on technical areas and economics rather than SAARC, which is always driven as a political leaders forum and top-down inter-state organisation, and conversely less of a technical cooperation system. And these days, as you rightly mentioned, we have something called the BBIN (Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal) initiative which goes back again to the late 1990s. It has picked up steam since 2014, and is an even more flexible instrument of cooperation between these four states, focussed very specifically on water, transportation, and energy. So on these three areas you have a very focussed cooperation between experts, which not surprisingly has been leading to a variety of successes. The bad news is that, despite all this, there is this consistent focus and obsession with Pakistan, especially in India. You have very little investment in the international institutions, in terms of the budgetary allocations, the deputation of Indian experts to the secretariat in Dhaka, for example for BIMSTEC. Finally, while I have argued that the region’s relative importance has increased in India’s foreign policy priorities, at the same time you have a persistent focus on bilateral shortcuts and what I call bilateralism, which I think is undermining the multilateral logic of regional cooperation through institutions. Q. Dr. Xavier, in your recent paper you’ve mentioned that South Asia and neighbourhood studies have been neglected for decades at Indian universities and that the annual growth rate of foreign students from the neighbourhood has decreased from 30% to 9% in the last 7 years. India is losing its attractiveness, which poses a challenge for India’s regional connectivity. Meanwhile, China is a new destination attracting students from South Asia, including India’s close allies like Nepal and Sri Lanka. What do you think are the reasons for this and how can the academic community collectively address the challenge? What changes do you see in India vis-à-vis China’s political behaviour in terms of promoting regional studies? Constantino Xavier: Let me start this time with some good news. I think this project, your podcast series, is also the outcome of students who study at South Asian University here in Delhi which is a SAARC initiative dating back to 2010. In just ten years, this has created a new sense of regional studies, which is very welcome. Recently, I have noticed in several private universities in India a rising number of students from Nepal, Sri Lanka, etc. So, there is good news and certainly the best news, which I’ve been saying with some irony, for India’s focus on South Asia and the neighbourhood has been China’s new presence in India’s neighbouring countries. Unfortunately, it took the quite sudden and grand entry of China on a variety of dimensions, such as diplomatic, economic, military cooperation, which is unprecedented in the region, for Delhi and the larger ecosystems of government, think tanks, academia to start looking again at this immediate first ring of neighbouring states beyond just Pakistan. When I speak of the neighbours here, I think, we have certainly taken a lot of attention and time to focus on Pakistan continuously and we still do here in Delhi but unfortunately, that is not the same for countries like Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives. So, in many ways, this is good news but there persists a knowledge gap and four factors explain how we’ve reached this point: First, we have had excellent scholars on South Asia until today but they are all 60 years old and plus, so there is a generational gap in Indian academia where I think, you’ve had Prof S.D. Muni on this podcast too, for example. He is a brilliant expert on the domestic dimensions of Nepal and Sri Lanka. You have had bureaucrats who’ve served in these countries and know them in and out. If you look at the number of correspondents that newspapers like The Times of India used to have up until the 1970s in countries such as Burma, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, it was impressive. Today, you can count and see that maybe with the exception of The Hindu in Sri Lanka, there is no full-time correspondent in these neighbouring countries, which reflects this neglect. Second, it is also a normal generational development. For instance, in the India-Nepal relationship, the first elected Prime Minister of Nepal, Bishweshar Prasad Koirala and many in his prominent family, the Koiralas, grew up and went to school in Patna, Bihar. General S.K. Sinha who went on to become India’s ambassador to Nepal in 1990 had known these Nepali families and leaders for decades, which represents very close ties across Bihar, India, and especially the Madhesh, in Nepal. Naturally, as Nepal modernised, diversified its options, democratised you’ve had a diversification and these ties with India alone are less important today. Similarly, in Sri Lanka, you had the whole Tamil movement in the 1950s and 1960s with the federal party where people like Chelvanayakam, who were deeply tied to Tamil Nadu in terms of their education, their upbringing, their intellectual engagements – that also has weakened overall today. Finally, if you look at the communist movements in Burma in the 1940s and 50s, many had studied at Indian universities, especially in Kolkata. There were deep ties and they are not as deep today as they used to be. Third, there has been a traditional reliance in India to look at its neighbourhood through the instruments of politics and security. You could take these neighbouring countries for granted because they had very few meaningful relations with other countries beyond India. China was not very present in Nepal even up to the 2000s, the United States had limited presence and was very conditioned by India. In many ways, this was India’s turf and you could take this for granted and when you take these satellite countries for granted, then you obviously don’t invest in them and it becomes an area that is not very interesting for example, for a diplomat to grow in their career or for a scholar to become more reputable in Indian academia. And finally and I think, the most important reason, is economic detachment and that’s the reason why South Asia has been neglected systematically at least until the 1990s. If you do not have an economic interest in your neighbouring countries, you will not invest in the logic of interdependence, of cross-border infrastructure, of knowing your neighbour country beyond that high-level political knowledge and diplomatic and security relations. So that past economic autarky explains why India is actually very disconnected until today from its neighbouring countries. It’s a paradox that you don’t have a single passenger railway link today connecting India to Nepal. It’s a paradox that whereas up to the 1960s you had more than a dozen railway links between India and East Pakistan, today you only have four with Bangladesh, and there were only two until ten years ago. You had direct flight connections between North-eastern or South Indian cities and respectively Burma and Ceylon up to the 1970s, and you don’t have any of these anymore, reflecting the abysmal air connectivity in the region. So there is a whole new interest now thanks to China, but also because of economic interest in India with a new, modern, open market- oriented economy since the 1990s, which brings in various new incentives, both geostrategic and economic, to reconnect with these countries. That is, fortunately, leading to a very interesting debate across India and the region on what the terms of connectivity and the new region in South Asia should be. Q. We would like to hear your closing remarks and there’s one question that we ask every speaker who comes on the podcast. So, from your respective vantage points how do you view the alignment or disagreement between academic scholars and policymakers in International relations and practice of diplomacy? Constantino Xavier: Yes we have some gaps between different constituencies that are trying to shape public policy and are working towards the improvement of society and knowledge production. But at the same time, I’m often concerned by this competitive idea that different industries and segments work in isolation and against each other in many ways. I like to see us all working towards the same objective, and complement each other. It is as if there are different wavelengths and modes of approaching similar problems and issues. You have four different wavelengths that work not necessarily in harmony, nor should they, but that are all necessary: that is the government which has one wavelength, working on a daily basis, with an urgent and specific understanding of how to approach and solve policy issues. Second, you have journalists, who play a very important role in allowing professors, scholars, think-tankers to access information. Without them, many on the foreign policy beat covering the Ministry of External Affairs and other agencies every day, half of my own work would not be possible. Third, you have experts in civil society, private sector companies, industries, businesses, NGOs across different sectors who are domain specialists in a variety of issues such as energy, health, defence or migration. They are the real sectoral experts, even if some take on an activist mode, whether for profit or ideology, that is fine as long as it is clear. Finally fourth, you have academics and scholars at universities who have the deepest insights with the luxury of exploring the complexity of a certain issue, do a deep dive which none of us – I’m at a think tank for example – can afford to do because of other constraints. These are four complementary approaches, and we all need each other. I look at myself at a think tank and what we do is try to facilitate, translate some of these issues and put these different wavelengths in some form of a joint setting, where we can communicate with each other, exchange ideas and shape each other. It is in the interest of the government to benefit from what an academic is doing and similarly, it should be in the interest of a journalist, but also an academic and think-tanker to be connected to understand what and why the government is doing something. In some cases, if you get the chance, based on your knowledge and ability to translate it to the real world of practice, you can also have impact and improve public policies with evidence-based expertise, whether that comes from studying archival records and maps on the Himalayas or from analysing daily mass data trends in India’s electricity generation, distribution and consumption. In India we have now a fascinating evolving architecture of this knowledge production, which is all being shaped and still developing – so despite what you may hear, Delhi is a good place to be in these days, if you wish to have impact and be part of the change in whichever direction you deem best. With contribution from Umika Chanana, Intern, Foreign Policy and Security Studies.

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unabashedcollectivepizza · 2 years

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crookedtreepoetry · 3 years

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supervidyavinay · 4 years

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Let us hope the coronavirus crisis has now brought about a situation wherein Mr. Modi feels that let me go ahead with the reforms, let me bring down the Indian cost relatively of land, labour, capital, electricity, freight. If he can do all these, India will become competitive again and our exports will boom, says eminent economist and ET NOW's Consulting Editor. How can India truly reduce its dependence on Chinese imports?People are asking how can India become less dependent on China. Frankly, it is a wrong question and it is a very bad idea. India wants to become part of global value chains; we want to have huge cellphone, solar and electronic industries as part of the global chains but in all of these global chains, China is an extremely important part. Therefore, if you want to become a big manufacturing hub, catering to not only Indian needs but the whole global needs, it means importing many-many more Chinese machinery and components. This means no self-sufficiency, it means interdependence; it means not just cutting off from China, it means deepening relations with China.Now, Mr. Modi has come out with this new policy or what he calls 'Atmanirbhar' which can be interpreted in English as self-sufficiency or self-reliance. He means self-sufficiency in the sense of import substitution and trying to make everything yourself. This was tried by Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi and it was an economic disaster, it produced what was called the Hindu rate of growth, funnily enough, although it was done by two secular persons and we were left far behind everybody else. And that, unfortunately, happens to be the philosophy also of the Swadeshi Jagaran Manch and the Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh -- two arms of the BJP which also wants to have self-sufficiency. They may love that Atal Bihari Vajpayee went in the opposite direction of globalisation and he is the one who therefore took India towards the record growth of more than 8-9% in the 2000s. That is what Modi must go for. It is all very well to use Atmanirbhar, just to say satisfy the Swadeshi Jagaran Manch and Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh, but do not get confused, it should not mean a return to Nehruvian self-sufficiency. It means becoming part of global value chains, exporting enough to import all your needs without asking for any favours or begging around for more aid or more concessions. Now, the BJP has in the last three-four budgets been consistently increasing import duties on a series of things. Some of them have been simple products like kites, candles, clocks, some textiles, fruit juices, processed food. They say why do you want to import these when you can make these locally. But this is a small part of your total imports. Frankly, it does not change the totality of the picture although the trend is worrying, it is worryingly protectionist. But the key point is this China is no longer a low-wage country, exporting these very simple products. China is not exporting $70 billion to India in the form of kites and candles and clocks. It has gone into high-quality cellphones and it is getting into higher and higher areas of equipment, including power equipment, machinery, hi-tech areas and 5G.Let us be clear when Mr. Modi was at Davos two years ago, he was saying how terrible it was that people are trying to erode WTO and that we needed WTO for a rule-based regime the world over. If that is the way you want to go you cannot discriminate against China, the point about being in WTO is other countries cannot selectively put tariffs or discriminate against exports of India, they have to give India the same treatment as everybody else. By the same token, India has to give all WTO members the same treatment, including China, you cannot select it out. Now you can try some tricks, some people do antidumping duties, phytosanitary conditions, at the margin you can take some action selectively against some Chinese suppliers, claiming that they are dumping but these are exceptions and not the rule and that is what a rule-based trading system means.What do you make of this whole call to boycott Chinese goods, uninstall Chinese apps etc?Anybody who wants to say I do not want to buy Chinese goods it is okay, boycott them but please understand that if you are not buying the Chinese goods, it does not automatically mean you are buying Indian goods. It would mean that you may be buying more from Bangladesh, more from Vietnam, more from Laos and more from Cambodia. Do not confuse these issues. A part of this whole problem arose because of the border conflict with China wherein 20 Indians were and you had TV anchors and fire-eating politicians saying not an inch of ground shall be given and how do we increase our distance. Please, do not make the same mistake as Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1962, he also got very angry with Chinese incursions and said we will throw them out. He sent his army out and the Chinese came in and gave an utter thrashing. Today, the gap between China and India militarily and economically is five times bigger than it was in 1962. Attempting military adventures out there is asking to be thrashed again, humiliated on a scale five times bigger than in 1962. Please understand that India is not the only country that finds it uncomfortable to be a neighbour of China. You will find that as the ASEAN countries have claims on the South China Sea, they have claims on the Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands which China has coolly declared that the whole South China Sea belongs to me. It has put up military structures on the Spratly Islands and it has told all these countries that you cannot do offshore drilling in this area because they all belong to me. All the others are using diplomatic means and trying to get diplomatic support but nobody is rushing into military adventures to try and take on China. For the same reason, we should act the same way. Try and get diplomatic support but do not rush into military adventures. Do not repeat the mistakes of Nehru on self-sufficiency, do not repeat the mistakes of Nehru on precipitating military action against China.What do we do so that we are globally competitive?Compared with our Asian neighbours or Asian rivals, India has very high costs of many items, relatively high cost of land, labour, capital, electricity, rail freight, air freight, the time taken of turnaround, the general logistic costs. So if we are high cost on so many items, obviously, we are not competitive and to become more competitive, we need action on all of these.Mr. Modi is proposing some steps along all these lines, the question is how far, how quickly can you take it. Land acquisition has to become much quicker that is very-very clear if you want projects to come up. You also want to make land cheaper. If there are large amounts of land that Mr. Modi can identify as the one government owns or which are in rocky areas or otherwise available at a low price then that is extremely important in order to attract industry and make it competitive. As far as labour rules are concerned, because of the Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh, Modi’s attempts to actually make Indian labour more flexible and low cost have not really worked very much. Let us hope he can do a little more because despite what he has done, the fact is that most Indian industrialists are trying to reduce their labour force and not increase it and none of them wants to set up factories with 50.000 workers as you see in Bangladesh. They see labour as a problem and not as a solution. If you want to be competitive, then cheap labour should be a solution. Then there is the capital, India’s interest rates have been relatively high compared to all our neighbours. The RBI has been cutting them because of the coronavirus crisis but other countries have cut it even more. At the end of it all, one problem is the total amount of household savings or the financial savings in India are hardy 7-9% of the GDP. If the government’s fiscal deficit of centre and states is more than that then there is just not enough left over for private investment and this pushes up interest costs. So we will have to reduce our fiscal deficit very substantially if we want to bring interest rates down competitively on a long term basis. Our electricity rates for the industry are very high because high industrial tariffs are being used to subsidise farmers and urban consumers with cheap rates. There are some proposals to reform that and get rid of those cross-subsidies and they have to be pursued very aggressively. The same applies to railway freight rates. They are high in order to subsidise passenger traffic. You have to stop doing that again because it makes your rail freights uncompetitive. It is understood that India is uncompetitive because it has become a high-cost economy in all these areas. It needs reforms in all these areas to bring down rates and Mr. Modi has started talking about ways to push forward. I am afraid progress on this front till now has been very limited. Let us hope the coronavirus crisis has now brought about a situation wherein he feels that in these conditions I can push through various things which would be more difficult in normal times; let me go ahead with all these reforms, let me bring down the Indian cost relatively of land, labour, capital, electricity, freight. If he can do all these, India will become competitive again and our exports will boom. from Economic Times https://ift.tt/2YjMsot

#News #Economy #COVID19

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