#Because it is taking the complex hydrocarbons that make up food

[maeamian]

BMI is bullshit, you will never catch me defending BMI or its proponents, but calories, and by extension, calorimeters are actually a pretty effective tool for understanding how much energy a human can derive from a piece of food, I know the dismissive tagline is "You'll notice your body is different from a tub of water placed above a burn chamber" but also, in many significant ways it is identical to a burn chamber and a tub of water, at least when it comes to specific processes. Like, I think the way we think about calories isn't great, there is an absolute over-focus on simply counting at the input level, but overcorrecting into 'the Calorie as a unit is entirely meaningless' isn't the way forward either, IMO. It seems like giving up on the idea that we can use things to learn about other things, when, in fact, comparisons to similar but easier to understand systems are how we've gone about understanding basically everything we currently understand about the universe, which is quite a lot.

#Like your body isn't *just* going to use that energy to heat up some water #But also keeping you (a bag of water) warm is a large part of your metabolism's job #And the heating of an object with a known specific heat capacity is a good way to measure the energy involved in a process #And the way your body breaks down food is reasonably similar to the combustion process #Particularly from an energy capture standpoint #Because it is taking the complex hydrocarbons that make up food #And converting them mostly into smaller more stable forms #And using the difference in structural energy of those things as energy for various chemical processes #Energy is very well known to be extremely interchangeable the amount of energy it takes to heat water does not care where it came from #And likewise the energy to heat water can instead be used to make ATP to provide stored energy for chemical processes #Or the various other ways the human body works bless it #Anyhow this is a technical quibble with a post whose general thrust I agree with #Which is why it is its own post #Don't get me wrong I'm also not endorsing any diet or dietician's understanding of Calories and how they work #But the Calorie as a unit is both useful and meaningful in understanding the human metabolism #That's the hill I'm willing to stake out here and there's a large post in circulation with a comment that is in opposition to that #And it is my stance that their heuristics are fundamentally wrong and broken they are using bad reasoning #The exact quote is full of 'in my understanding' and 'just a thought's #And like bro your understanding is sophomoric at best #That is what we do but you didn't stop to ask why we do it or if that actually makes any sense #Literally huge portions of modern thermodynamics are based on the ability of experiments like this to accurately measure energy release #And like IDK maybe you can upend it maybe your understanding is better #But pointing out the basic mechanism without understanding how or why it works isn't going to be what does it

[biostudyblog]

Biochemistry

Update: Pictures are working!

Atoms

There are a few basic chemistry concepts that are essential to understand. For starters, understanding what an atom is and its basic properties.

Atoms are the building block of all matter. They have a positive nucleus, with positive protons, and neutral neutrons. In a large area surrounding the nucleus, is the electron cloud, made of negatively charged electrons.

An atom in its elemental state is always neutral.

When an element has a charge, it is because it has an unequal number of protons an electrons, making it an ion. Sometimes an element’s nucleus has an unequal number of neutrons and protons, making it an isotope. Carbon-14, for example, has 8 neutrons, instead of the 6 that Carbon-12 has. Carbon-14 is also a radioisotope, meaning it emits particles and decays at a rate called a half-life, making it useful for fossil dating. Along with that, radioactive carbon can be used as a tracer. This means it is incorporated in CO2 molecules and used to track metabolic pathways.

The location of the electron affects how the atom will react with other elements. When electrons are in the lowest available energy level, they are in the ground state. When they absorb energy, they move to a higher energy level, entering the excited state. For instance, when chlorophyll absorbs light energy, electrons within it are boosted to higher energy levels. This provides the energy necessary to produce sugar when they return to their ground state level as they release the energy they absorbed.

Bonding

Elements bond when two nuclei are attracted to each other. Energy is released when a bond is formed. All atoms want to either get rid of all their electrons on their outer shell or fill their outer shell with 8 (or in hydrogen’s case, 2) electrons, which makes them stable. There are 3 kinds of bonds, but for biochemistry, Ionic and covalent bonds are what is relevant.

Ionic bonds form ions (hence the name.) They occur when electrons are transferred. The atom that gains electrons becomes a negatively charged anion. The atom that loses electrons becomes a positively charged cation.

Covalent bonds are made when electrons are shared. This occurs when the two atoms have electronegativities that are closer together than in an ionic bond. Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to pull electrons towards it. These bonds can be polar if the electronegativity is high enough. A polar molecule is a molecule with a partial charge. For example, water is a polar molecule, as oxygen is extremely electronegative, and water is partially electronegative.

Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonding is a specific kind of intermolecular force that is essential to life. It is what keeps the 2 strands of DNA bonded together, and gives water its unique characteristics. Since oxygen has a partial negative charge, and hydrogen has a partial positive charge, they are naturally drawn to each other.

Hydrophobic vs Hydrophilic

Polar molecules are hydrophilic. This is because they are attracted to the partially charged ends of water. Hydrophilic means they are attracted to water. (Not in that way... sick) NaCl or table salt is hydrophilic. This is why salt dissolves in water.

Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic. This means they are repelled by water. (They’re filthy water haters.) Lipids are hydrophobic, which is why fats and oils do not dissolve in water.

The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer, only allowing nonpolar substances to dissolve through it. Large polar molecules have to use specific hydrophilic channels.

Characteristics of Water

Water is a unique molecule, and without its unique properties, life on earth would not exist as it does, or even at all.

Water has a high specific heat: Because hydrogen bonds are so strong, it requires a lot of heat energy to break them. This is why large bodies of water remain the same temperature, and why coastal cities have a consistent temperature because the water absorbs all the heat energy before it can warm up.

Water has a high heat of vaporisation: A large amount of energy is needed for water to vaporise, which is why sweating is such an effective cooling method.

Water has high adhesion properties: Adhesion is when one substance clings to another. Adhesion causes capillary action, which occurs in the xylem of plants, and is used to bring water up from the roots without expending energy.

Water is a universal solvent: Due to its high polarity, water makes an excellent solvent.

Water is extremely cohesive: Molecules of water tend to stick to each other. This is observed in surface tension and allows for small insects to run across the surface of the water. Cohesion is also necessary to bring water up from the roots, by transpirational-pull cohesion tension.

Ice is less dense than water: Instead of freezing all the way through, ice crystallises, leaving large amounts of space, causing ice to float. This is essential for the survival of marine life during the winter, as they can live beneath the ice.

pH

pH is calculated by taking the -log of the chance of finding hydronium (H30+) ions within a certain amount of water. Hydronium is made in rare circumstances, where a hydrogen ion breaks off from a water molecule. Normally, there is a 1 in 10 million chance of there being a hydronium ion. This is the equivalent of 1x10^-7. The -log of this number is 7, the neutral pH.

Any pH below 7 is acidic. Any pH above 7 is basic. Stomach acid has a pH of 2, while bleach has a pH of 11. Human blood has a pH of around 7.4

Most living cells need to have an internal environment with a pH of around 7. Buffers exist to regulate pH by either absorbing excess hydrogen ions or donating missing hydrogen ions. In human blood, the bicarbonate ion (HCO3) is essential.

Macromolecules

There are 4 types of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They supply quick and easy energy. 1 gram of all carbohydrates will release 4 calories of energy. In our diet, they can be found almost everywhere in foods such as rice, pasta, bread, cookies, etc.

There are 3 kinds of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Monosaccharides

All monosaccharides have a chemical formula of C6H12O6. It is the placement of the carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen that determines its properties. Glucose, fructose, and galactose are all examples. They are isomers, meaning they have the same chemical formula, but a different structure.

Disaccharides

When 2 monosaccharides join together, they create disaccharides. They all have the chemical formula C12H22O11. Dehydration synthesis is the process that creates them. This process releases 1 molecule of water, hence the name. Lactose, maltose, and sucrose are all examples.

Hydrolysis is the exact opposite of dehydration synthesis. It is used during digestion. One molecule of water is used to breakdown polymers into monomers.

Polysaccharides Polysaccharides are long polymers of carbohydrates. Cellulose (plant cell wall), chitin (exoskeleton, fungi cell wall), glycogen (how animals store carbohydrates) and starch (how plants store carbohydrates) are all examples.

Lipids

Lipids include fats, oils, and waxes. Most contain 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids. Glycerol is alcohol.

Fatty acids are the building blocks of lipids and are hydrocarbon chains with carboxyl groups at the end. There are 2 varieties; saturated and unsaturated. (3 if you count trans-fats when extra hydrogen is added to the fat to make the lipid solid)

Saturated fats are solid at room temperature, and are famously unhealthy as they are linked to heart disease.

Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and are good dietary fats.

Lipids store much more energy than carbohydrates. 1 gram of any lipid will release 9 calories of heat per gram. They can be structural, as in the phospholipids of the cell membrane, or they can be hormones.

Proteins

Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

Amino acids are identifiable by their carboxyl group, amine group, and variable R, attached to a central carbon atom.

Proteins are complex and perform a vast array of duties, such as growth and repair, being enzymes, membrane channels, and hormones.

1 gram of protein releases 4 calories of heat.

Proteins contain the elements C H O N P S

There are only 20 amino acids coding for the thousands of proteins in the human body.

Protein Structure

There are 4 levels to the structure of a protein.

The primary structure results from the sequence of amino acids making up the polypeptide

The secondary structure results from hydrogen bonding within the molecule. This causes a helical structure

The tertiary structure is an intricate 3-dimensional shape or conformation of a protein and most directly decides the function of the protein. Enzymes denature in high temperatures or in the wrong pH because the tertiary structure is compromised.

The quaternary structure is only found in proteins that have more than 1 polypeptide chain, such as in haemoglobin.

Enzymes

Enzymes are large proteins

Enzymes lower the energy of activation, speeding up the reaction, as it lowers the amount of energy needed to start the reaction.

The chemical an enzyme works on is known as a substrate

Enzymes are specifically designed for specific substrates. For example, lactase only works on lactose. Notice the naming pattern for enzymes and their substrates.

The induced fit model is an explanation for how they work. When the substrate enters the active site, it induces the enzyme to change its shape to fit the substrate.

Enzymes can be reused as they do not degrade during a reaction

Enzymes are assisted by cofactors (minerals) or coenzymes (vitamins)

Prions

Prions are proteins that cause diseases. Mad cow disease is an example. It is a misformed protein able to influence other proteins to fold in the same way.

Nucleic Acids

There are 2 kinds of nucleic acids: RNA and DNA. They are necessary for carrying genetic information.

Nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides

The nucleotides are the two purines: Adenine and Guanine, and the 3 pyrimidines, Thymine, Uracil, and Cytosine. Uracil is only found in RNA, and thymine is only found in DNA. Adenine connects with thymine/uracil, and guanine connects with cytosine.

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Exactly How Do Steroid Androgens Impact Bone Thickness?

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What Are Sarms For Body Building, What Are The Kinds Of Sarms.

What are the benefits of sarms for dieters? An amino acid that are relatively new on the scene (and one that was originally developed to treat cancer patients) are pharmaceuticals. These include both anabolic and catabolic acids. Anabolic steroids are in short supply after strenuous exercise. Catabolic acids are needed to jump-start the body into catabolism, a type of metabolism that converts carbohydrates into energy. So far, pharmaceuticals have shown to be effective in helping people lose weight, increase muscle mass, reduce fat and improve cardiovascular health.

An alternative to using oral steroids is to use anabolic steroids in a cream. However, these creams are still not approved by the FDA and have not been thoroughly tested. There is also a chance that these steroid-based creams can interact with your skin, especially if you use them regularly. For this reason, it is recommended that you still use natural methods of increasing testosterone like exercising and dieting.

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Testosterone and sarms do not influence bone density directly because testosterone and anabolic steroids only act on the anabolic effect of the ligand. The increase in ligand binding proteins results in decreased calcium influx and less structural complexity in the bone. However, because testosterone acts directly on the anabolic receptors, the more prevalent effects are on growth hormones and the development of new muscle cells. As a result, these drugs may lead to eventual weakening of the bones.

Webster claims that he spent his life savings attempting to uncover the resource of the ostarine, which he says could have been because of polluted supplements or salt tablet computers.

2 Russian UFC fighters, Ruslan Magomedov and also Zubaira Tukhugov, likewise recently tested favorable for ostarine.

Building muscle mass and bone toughness would certainly profit a UFC fighter and also as formerly explained, that is what ostarine does.

' The UKAD analyst testified that the amount of ostarine discovered in my body was the most affordable that has actually ever before been reported (4 nanograms/ml) which would make it near impossible to develop the source', reads his statement.

In their situations, the UFC as well as USADA did not believe that supplement contamination was a legitimate description, as well as issued both with 2 year restrictions.

The only possible downside of pharmaceuticals like MuscleTech is the possibility of hypoglycemia. Glucose concentrations can rise dangerously low in individuals using these products because of the presence of lancet, which acts like insulin. As a result, individuals who use these products to build lean muscle tend to suffer from hypoglycemia because their blood glucose levels become too high. So far, there has been no evidence that shows that there is a relationship between low blood glucose levels and bone loss in elderly people.

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Men who take oral testosterone usually have a decreased libido or experience significant side effects including mood swings, acne, and growth deficiencies. Because of this, many medical professionals still recommend that men who want to increase muscle mass through anabolic steroids use an approved steroid with a long half-life. Sarms have been approved by the FDA since they are the only anabolic steroids with a long half-life. Oral testosterone and sarms are manufactured under the same conditions and are prescribed to the same patients.

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Does MK 677 increase testosterone?

MK-677 treatment reduced serum total testosterone (P

Certain compounds that combine with androgens to create testosterone have been called anabolic steroids. The active ingredient in these compounds is testosterone. Some of these compounds have become known as synthetic testosterone. Although testosterone is still produced by the body in the same way that it produces natural testosterone, synthetic hormones increase androgens in the body without a need to produce hormones by the pituitary gland.

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It was discovered by the German scientists Dietrich von Moltke and Reinhold Voll, that by administering various types of dietary supplements to untrained and professional body-builders they can enhance the functioning of their bodies by helping them increase muscle mass and enhance strength. The discovery was made possible by the application of techniques like phase equilibrium and the combined effect of many other chemicals. However, these chemicals were not designed to work as appetite suppressants or to increase energy levels in the body. Sarms is the first compound in this class of chemicals that was intended for this purpose.

A sports supplement company owner sold unregulated steroid-like drugs - Business Insider - Business Insider

A sports supplement company owner sold unregulated steroid-like drugs - Business Insider.

Posted: Wed, 23 Dec 2020 20:43:33 GMT [source]

Sarms are plant steroids. These plant chemicals have a multitude of useful medicinal, nutritional and other uses around the globe. They are also used for veterinary health and growth promotion. Some sarms, however, are toxic to animals and humans. There is an array of different methods for getting these sarms into foods without endangering human or animal health.

What Are Sarms For Muscle Building, What Are The Kinds Of Sarms.

How do I know if I should take Sarsaparilla or motherwort? Both are relatively new herbs that have been shown to be effective in inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to DHT. If https://denmark.direct-peptides.com/ have prostate problems or prostate cancer, you should avoid both sarsaparilla and motherwort. If you are taking prescription medications, be sure to check with your health care provider before starting any new medications. Some medications, such as birth control pills and anti-androgens, will convert into DHT, even if they are taken for benign conditions. Always take the safety precautions necessary to avoid dangerous side effects.

Sarms can be used in combination with other drugs such as testosterone boosting agents like testosterone propionate and selective androgen blocking agents like spironolactone. These agents can increase the anabolic activity of testosterone. When combined with sarms, however, the anabolic effect of the other drug is diminished. Most commonly, athletes use combinations of anabolic steroids with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, corticosteroids, and antihypertensive and other cardiovascular medications. These medications help to reduce the build-up of fluid retention in the body caused by heat exposure during exercise. Heat shock is the increase in blood temperature caused by increased heart rate and work-out, which is why most athletes will also take fluid boosting supplements.

However, Sarms isn't just a dietary supplement. It is a drug, and because drugs have side effects, it is always important to check with a physician before beginning to take any dietary supplements. The FDA has approved the use of some SARMs for treating cancer, diabetes, asthma and epilepsy. It is also being marketed under the names Phentermine, Accutane, Cylert, Rogaine, Slimline and Xenadrine.

Does LGD 4033 raise testosterone?

To date, we do know that LGD-4033 causes a decrease in the production of testosterone and other hormones, so there is evidence that it disrupts hormonal signaling in the body.

So how does pharmaceuticals work? An amino acid like arginine produces an excess of receptor sites in the liver and testicles (that bind with androgens). So, the more arginine that is produced, the more the anabolic hormone will be released. Sarmaceuticals increase the tissue selectivity of the formulation and inhibit the uptake of testosterone by the body's testosterone receptors. In other words, they allow you to use less testosterone so that your body burns through the testosterone faster.

Sarms is the generic name for the chemical compound, sulfated polyimide. It is an aromatic solid polymer of aromatic hydrocarbons having carbon atoms and one to four hydrogen atoms in their center-most shell. The chemical formula is C 4 H 5 OH. Selective androgen receptor modifiers or SARMs are a newly developed class of compounds known as non-receptor androsterone sensitizers.

Nonsteroidal androgen receptors or SERMs are a new class of herbicides that function by binding with and preventing testosterone from binding with the cell membrane of the target site. The binding prevents the testosterone molecule from being able to convert into DHT (dihydrotestosterone). Short term research in China demonstrated that the herbicide boswellia could inhibit the conversion of testosterone in testicular cells while increasing the efficacy of another herbicide called triclosan. These findings brought the world two different herbicides: boswellia and triclosan. Both herbs are now in use for various non-cancerous growth control purposes. Although both are relatively new, they represent the first use of these types of compounds in the context of human therapeutic use.

Is this safe? The answer is yes. A large, long-term clinical trial conducted in Germany found that pharmaceuticals increased testicular testosterone levels by 36%. The study conducted by a University of California-Davis concluded that there was no significant change in body composition or insulin resistance when participants used the product as compared to placebo. And a 2021 study conducted by the European Agency for Research on Cancer concluded that there were no major side effects caused by the usage of pharmaceuticals based on its effects on insulin and oxidative metabolism.

In addition to promoting growth, Sarms may also reduce the amount of calcium in the bones of bodybuilders. The supplement increases the amount of circulating calcium in the bloodstream. Calcium has been shown to prevent bone deterioration associated with high levels of body-produced estrogen, but taking a multi-vitamin daily can help to prevent the loss of skeletal calcium. If you're a bodybuilder who wants more mass in your arms or legs, you should talk to your doctor about adding a sarmebium mineral tablet to your diet.

One of the most interesting side effects caused by taking SARMs, which are known as non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, is an increase in the body-builders' chances of developing gynecomastia, a condition where a breast forms in men, similar to breasts of women. Gynecomastia is caused by excessive testosterone production in the body-builder's body. Sarm's works by reducing the body-builder's testosterone levels. This can have serious implications for the balance and health of a man's hormones, particularly as he ages.

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[sciencespies]

Detecting this specific gas in an alien world's atmosphere may be a good sign of life

https://sciencespies.com/space/detecting-this-specific-gas-in-an-alien-worlds-atmosphere-may-be-a-good-sign-of-life/

Detecting this specific gas in an alien world's atmosphere may be a good sign of life

It is no exaggeration to say that the study of extrasolar planets has exploded in recent decades. To date, 4,375 exoplanets have been confirmed in 3,247 systems, with another 5,856 candidates awaiting confirmation.

In recent years, exoplanet studies have started to transition from the process of discovery to one of characterization.

This process is expected to accelerate once next-generation telescopes become operational.

As a result, astrobiologists are working to create comprehensive lists of potential “biosignatures,” which refers to chemical compounds and processes that are associated with life (oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, etc.)

But according to new research by a team from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), another potential biosignature we should be on the lookout for is a hydrocarbon called isoprene (C5H8).

The study that describes their findings, “Assessment of Isoprene as a Possible Biosignature Gas in Exoplanets with Anoxic Atmospheres,” recently appeared online and has been accepted for publication by the journal Astrobiology.

For the sake of their study, the MIT team looked at the growing list of possible biosignatures that astronomers will be on the lookout for in the coming years.

To date, the vast majority of exoplanets have been detected and confirmed using indirect methods.

For the most part, astronomers have relied on the Transit Method (Transit Photometry) and the Radial Velocity Method (Doppler Spectroscopy), alone or in combination. Only a few have been detectable using Direct Imaging, which makes it very difficult to characterize exoplanet atmospheres and surfaces.

Only on rare occasions have astronomers been able to obtain spectra that allowed them to determine the chemical composition of that planet’s atmosphere. This was either the result of light passing through an exoplanet’s atmosphere as it transited in front of its star or in the few cases where Direct Imaging occurred and light reflected from the exoplanet’s atmosphere could be studied.

Much of this has had to do with the limits of our current telescopes, which do not have the necessary resolution to observe smaller, rocky planets that orbit closer to their star.

Astronomers and astrobiologists believe that it is these planets that are most likely to be potentially habitable, but any light reflected from their surfaces and atmospheres is overpowered by the light coming from their stars.

However, that will change soon as next-generation instruments like the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) takes to space. Sara Seager, the Class of 1941 Professor of Physics and Planetary Sciences at MIT, leads the research group responsible (aka the Seager Group) and was a co-author on the paper.

As she told Universe Today via email, “With the upcoming October 2021 launch of the James Webb Space Telescope we will have our first capability of searching for biosignature gases – but it will be tough because the atmospheric signals of small rocky planet are so weak to begin with. With the JWST on the horizon, the number of people working in the field has grown tremendously. Studies such as this one coming up with new potential biosignature gases, and other work showing potential false positives even for gases such as oxygen.”

Once it is deployed and operational, the JWST will be able to observe our Universe at longer wavelengths (in the near- and mid-infrared range) and with greatly improved sensitivity.

The telescope will also rely on a series of spectrographs to obtain composition data, as well as coronagraphs to block out the obscuring light of parent stars. This technology will enable astronomers to characterize the atmospheres of smaller rocky planets.

In turn, this data will allow scientists to place much tighter constraints on an exoplanet’s habitability and could even lead to the detection of known (and/or potential) biosignatures.

As noted, these “biosignatures” include the chemical indications associated with life and biological process, not to mention the types of conditions that are favorable to it.

These include oxygen gas (O2), which is essential to most forms of life on Earth and is produced by photosynthetic organisms (plants, trees, cyanobacteria, etc.). These same organisms metabolize carbon dioxide (CO2), which oxygen-metabolizing life emits as a waste product. There’s also water (H2O), which is essential to all life as we know it, and methane (CH4), which is emitted by decaying organic matter.

Since volcanic activity is believed to play an important role in planetary habitability, the chemical byproducts associated with volcanism – hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen gas (H2), etc. – are also considered biosignatures.

To this list, Zhan, Seager, and their colleagues wished to add another possible biosignature – isoprene.

As Zhan explained to Universe Today via email: “Our research group at MIT focuses on using a holistic approach to explore all possible gases as potential biosignature gas. Our prior work led to the creation of the all small molecules database. We proceed to filter the ASM database to identify the most plausible biosignature gas candidates, one of which is isoprene, using machine learning and data-driven approaches.”

Like its cousin methane, isoprene is an organic hydrocarbon molecule that is produced as a secondary metabolite by various species here on Earth. In addition to deciduous trees, isoprene is also produced by a diverse array of evolutionary-distant organisms – such as bacteria, plants, and animals.

As Seager explained, this makes it promising as a potential biosignature. “Isoprene is promising because it is produced in vast qualities by life on Earth – as much as methane production! Furthermore, a huge variety of life forms (from bacteria to plants and animals), those that are evolutionary distant from each other, produce isoprene, suggesting it might be some kind of key building block that life elsewhere might also make.”

While isoprene is about as abundant as methane here on Earth, isoprene is destroyed by interaction with oxygen and oxygen-containing radicals. For this reason, Zhang, Seager, and their team chose to focus on anoxic atmospheres. These are environments that are predominantly composed of H2, CO2, and nitrogen gas (N2), which is similar to what Earth’s primordial atmosphere was composed of.

According to their findings, a primordial planet (where life is beginning to emerge) would have abundant isoprene in its atmosphere.

This would have been the case on Earth between 4 and 2.5 billion years ago when single-celled organisms were the only life and photosynthetic cyanobacteria were slowly converting Earth’s atmosphere into one that was oxygen-rich.

By 2.5 billion years ago, this culminated in the “Great Oxygenation Event” (GOE), which proved toxic to many organisms (and metabolites like isoprene).

It was also during this time that complex lifeforms (eukaryotes and multi-celled organisms) began to emerge. In this respect, isoprene could be used to characterize planets that are in the midst of a major evolutionary shift and laying the groundwork for future animal phyla.

But as Zhang noted, teasing out this potential biosignature will be a challenge, even for the JWST.

“The caveats with isoprene as a biomarker are that: 1. 10x-100x the Earth’s Isoprene production rate is needed for detection [and] 2. Detecting Near-Infrared isoprene spectral feature can be hindered by the presence of methane or other hydrocarbons. Unique detection of isoprene will be challenging with JWST, as many hydrocarbon molecules share similar spectra features in Near-Infrared wavelengths. But future telescopes that focus on the mid-IR wavelength will be able to detect isoprene spectral features uniquely.”

Beyond the JWST, the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope (successor to the Hubble mission) will also be taking to space by 2025. This observatory will have the power of “One-Hundred Hubbles” and its recently-upgraded infrared filters will allow it to characterize exoplanets on its own and through collaborations with the JWST and other “great observatories.”

There are also several ground-based telescopes currently being built here on Earth that will rely on sophisticated spectrometers, coronographs, and adaptive optics (AOs). These include the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) These telescopes will also be able to conduct Direct Imaging studies of exoplanets, and the results are expected to be ground-breaking.

Between improved instruments, rapidly improving data analysis and techniques, and improvements in our methodology, the study of exoplanets is only expected to accelerate further.

In addition to having tens of thousands of more available for study (many of which will be rocky and “Earth-like”), the unprecedented views we will have of them will let us see just how many habitable worlds are out there.

Whether or not this will result in the discovery of extraterrestrial life within our lifetimes remains to be seen.

But one thing is clear. In the coming years, when astronomers start combing through all the new data they will have on exoplanet atmospheres, they will have a comprehensive list of biosignatures to guide them.

Seager and Zhan’s previous work include a concept for a Martian greenhouse that could provide all the necessary food for a crew of four astronauts for up to two years. This greenhouse, known as the Biosphere Engineered Architecture for Viable Extraterrestrial Residence (BEAVER), took second place in the 2019 NASA BIG Idea Challenge. You can read more about it here.

This article was originally published by Universe Today. Read the original article.

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Maybe this is the hottest and useful thing on the planet. It's been used since several years at the manufacturing components. It's also a very crucial thing in pharmaceuticals, compound businesses and so forth. It really is but one of those fundamental items employed in filters. Silica gels can be utilized for adsorption. This is actually a process whereby the impurities from water have been all removed. These impurities collect on the top of protein gel. Thus, silica-gel is quite essential for purification of drinking water. Besides removing impurities, in addition, it adsorbs certain minerals . This also boosts the quality of drinking water. Thus, silica gel can be quite a helpful item. A variety of manufacturers want regular distribution of aloe vera. Thus, it's extremely crucial to possess a silica-gel supplier that offers premium excellent material. Big businesses receive yourself a source of silica gel out of big silica-gel manufacturer businesses. With a normal source of excellent quality silica-gel, purification procedure is going to be looked after easily. Thus, it's extremely crucial that you acquire yourself a fantastic source of this particular material. There are lots of silica gels, providing businesses. Silica gel can be found in a number of colours and forms. Every one of those variations has their particular benefits. Thus, businesses desire silica dyes in large amounts. Its porous temperament makes it effortless to adsorb impurities onto its own surface. It's affordable and works nicely. These features contribute to its wide usage.

That really is just another helpful material employed in most places. A desiccant is a chemical which aids keeping in mind the environment dry. It lessens the moisture content at the area and so prevents compounds out of shifting thanks to water. That is essential for compounds. Thus, compound businesses use this chemical on a big scale. Such a substance is quite vital in most places. It really is but one of those moisture absorbers. Since water material from the atmosphere might spoil lots of helpful goods, desiccants can be used widely to avoid this from happening. Desiccants generally stop the current presence of water throughout the process known as adsorption. The water molecules accumulate on the face of these chemicals and may therefore be eliminated. Thus giving more life to the substances that might be readily turned into unworthy by responding with water. Because so most places possess moist states, such compounds prove very beneficial for changing the ecological illness. Desiccants play a important part to keep a variety of services and products in good shape. They're an equally significant part storage of such services and products. In most places, they have been also used throughout the chemical reaction between various substances to find the preferred product. Desiccants are likewise an essential chemical in the food market. Ever since packed food could possibly get cluttered in regards in contact with moisture, desiccants have been utilized to avoid this from occurring. There are lots of kinds of these chemicals. Desiccants are utilized dependent on their physiological conditions and their capacity to answer various things. These would be the 2 chief aspects which can be thought before using desiccants. There are various providers of these chemicals. Because so most businesses utilize them, it's crucial to have desiccants from the ideal source. Many fabricating units concentrate for making those substances. Chemical organizations start looking for a trustworthy desiccant supplier. Probably one of the very useful desiccants can be that a molecular sieve. This is definitely an remarkable thing. It's used widely owing to the effective usage as well as result. It's used for specific absorption of particular substances. It's created in a way that it works perfectly to adsorb just smaller molecules. The human body with this sieve contains small pores that will make it hard for larger molecules to experience. Even the smaller molecules are adsorbed that so separated. Thus, it offers contributes to easy methods. These pockets work well in the right separation of items centered on how big these molecules. Ergo, undesired things might be taken out of the blend of numerous substances. There are various kinds of such molecular sieves. They're utilized due to these easy usage. With these kinds of matters, it will become an easy task to distinguish various substances in chemical businesses. They're particularly utilized to distinguish the numerous pollutants from eachother. These things are employed when no other process enables you to different substances from the mix. With good usage, businesses obtain the specified results in several easy ways. All these sieves are available commonly in chemical businesses. For the correct functioning of these sieves, then they have to be produced together with accuracy. The pores of those sieves needs to really be built in a way they adsorb the ideal molecules. Thus, it's crucial to possess a suitable molecular sieve manufacturer. With the manufacture of such goods, many businesses will benefit by the using such sieves.

As its name implies this really is a card which shows the moisture content from the atmosphere. Since moisture plays a main part in changing their condition of varied services and products, it's necessary to continue to keep this variable under assess. With all these cards, it will become simple to find the ideal moisture information. Thus, the usage of these goes together with the measures used to regulate humidity. All these cards have been made in a manner that they allow it to be simple to grasp the content. It's a moisture sensitive compound that affects whilst the moisture rises. There are lots of complex humidity signs which found in lots of businesses. A whole lot of humidity index cards are created in a way that people discover that it's simple to see the fluctuations in humidity from studying them. There are signs written on these cards. This makes it straightforward to utilize these cards from businesses.

These chemicals require a special reference. They're utilized because of their easy accessibility and effective outcomes. Carbon adsorbents are essentially carbon atoms which consume dirt contaminants. Thus, they're employed at plenty of businesses. Since purification is quite vital oftentimes, businesses strain on the using premium quality carbon adsorbents. With these kinds of goods, purification turns into a simple endeavor. Thus, it's crucial to make use of carbon adsorbents. Considering these adsorbents different an extensive selection of impurities, their usage is extremely crucial. With no, businesses might need to spend money on lots of procedures for removing those impurities.

As cotton is quite decent for its practice of adsorption, it's commonly utilized in chemical businesses. Cotton brings impurities that stay glued to its own surface. This effortless mechanism may be utilised in businesses for effective separation of varied combinations. Throughout the practice of fabricating a variety of compounds, cotton coils might be useful for dividing the impurities once the ideal product can be available. As they have been available readily, folks utilize them all of the time in numerous businesses. Cotton coils are notably found in pharmaceutical and chemical businesses. They aid keep the capsules and tablets at good problems. These cotton coils take advantage of highquality cotton which may withstand pressure and also function well.

Aluminum is found in lots of places. As a result of several options that come with the element, many applications are made as a result. Aluminum tubes are just one item that's truly beneficial. As a result of very low resistance of aluminum, these tubes might be utilized in many chemical businesses. They have been also utilised in construction businesses. In general, these tubes have been found at a great deal of businesses as a result of their simplicity of usage and less reactivity.

Moisture Adsorbing Sheet That is just another item that's used to avoid moisture from destroying materials fabricated in businesses. It's created by hydrocarbons and uses adsorption for producing results. It eliminates the moisture from the services and products, hence keeping them tender. This aids in reducing the consequences of moisture onto the services and products. These sheets come in many manufacturing components. They truly are very popular because of their large surface . These sheets could be changed into horizontal boards too. Thus they have been elastic and also have a great deal of importance. They're used in scenarios where moisture content is quite high.

Concerning Supplier Organizations

These things are utilized on daily basis in most places. With a suitable supplier, compound businesses may benefit into a excellent scope. Thus, there's obviously a demand to get the successful supplier. With this kind of a supplier, businesses can depend on the fantastic grade of these services and products and get exceptional results. Businesses employing such services and products have lots of expectations out of their store. Considering the services and products play a very important part within the manufacturing procedures, they ought to meet all your expectations. Because of this, it's challenging to find the ideal supplier. Many businesses have been in the industry to be the adsorbents supplier. Ever since supplying such items can be quite a significant endeavor, organizations hope, just experienced and expert men and women. If low end services and products are properly used, the creation of these businesses are affected. Thus, to keep up decent quality, substances that provide accomplishment are all used. The history of the supplier organizations is essential. Because there are brand new and advanced services and products coming from the market daily, the supplier corporation needs to be in a position to supply the most useful services and products. With advanced level procedures, businesses can always offer the best outcomes. Thus, new improvements in the compound field needs to be implemented effortlessly. With the usage of complex procedures, energy and time is going to be stored. Chemical science has grown to a fantastic extent. Thus, by means of latest technology and improved procedures, lots of new services and products can be manufactured. It's ideal to get a supplier who's producing an assortment of merchandise. This will offer many choices to big businesses to pick the merchandise they desire. The supplier of those products ought to have a fantastic comprehension of those. It's going to aid with good production and provide fine results. Thus, obtaining a fantastic supplier is quite crucial.

Selecting the Most Appropriate Products

Another huge choice to make could be the ideal selection of the services and products. As there are lots of adsorption substances, it's very important to pick the proper ones. Each product has its own very own benefit. Predicated on the condition, businesses should find the item which best solves the specified situation. There may be a lot more than 1 product which may fit your job. There are a number of other things which need to be looked at while deciding upon the adsorbent. The price tag, simple finding the solution and the effect written by it will be a number of the critical facts to think about prior to picking an adsorbent.

Putting It Together

In general, you can find lots of adsorbents to select from. Since adsorption is this a well-researched procedure, you can find lots of products available that may boost this procedure. The need for adsorption has resulted in lots of fresh services and products which may be useful for greater absorption. Numerous properties of those products should know before with them. This is going to lead to better usage and guarantee exemplary work. With the most useful services and products for adsorption, the significance of the resulting products is going to undoubtedly be rather significant. In regions very purity is quite essential, such adsorption procedure is vital. It's in charge of proper products that are finished at the conclusion of most the manufacturing procedures.

Sorbead India could be producer of supreme quality Adsorbents and Desiccant services and products to fulfill up with the maximum caliber and volume desiccants. A few of the Goods are Activated Alumina, Silica Gels, Container Stains, Molecular Sieves and Oxygen Absorbers.

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[officetime02-blog]

Why Your Vitamin E Supplement Could Be Harming You (& The “One Plant Wonder” Alternative That Could Be The Single Most Powerful Molecule If You’re Stranded On A Desert Island).

At the recent A4M conference in Vegas, I ran into intriguing research from Dr. Barrie Tan, a scientist with a Ph.D. in Chemistry and Biochemistry. For the last 35 years, Barrie has immersed himself in the world of Vitamin E (particularly from annatto) and is considered one of the world’s foremost experts credited with discovering a molecule called “tocotrienol” from three major natural sources:

Palm: from his native Malaysia…

Rice: at the invitation of the Prince of Thailand…

Annatto: chance finding while in Ecuador searching for lutein…

It turned out that palm and rice lacked the potency as they contain too much tocopherol, so Barrie moved his research interest away briefly from tocotrienol when by serendipity he found the best-in-class tocotrienol in the annatto plant from the Amazon. Since then, Barrie’s relationship with annatto has spanned 20 years. Barrie has worked with the US Armed Forces on using tocotrienol on “radiation countermeasures” and pioneered the science behind the annatto working with the leading scientists in the world to prove the multiple benefits of tocotrienol.

Meanwhile, everyone (lay folk and nutritionist) is languishing with the lack-luster non-performing tocopherol, which Barrie calls the “wrong way to E.” Most tocopherol trials failed and did not deliver. But in multiple clinical trials spanning chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, osteopenia, and inflammation, tocotrienol from annatto has proven clinical benefits. Barrie is currently working on multiple cancer trials after preliminary success with end-stage patients.

This is because not all forms of Vitamin E are created equal…

…Vitamin E is not a single nutrient, but rather a complex made up of 8 distinct compounds: 4 tocopherols and 4 tocotrienols. These components have slightly different chemical structures, and these differences impart unique properties that influence their biochemical functions and their effects in the body. Most conventional supplements are typically rich in tocopherols—alpha-tocopherol, in particular—but the tocotrienol fractions have unique effects across a variety of tissues that make them desirable to supplement on their own, without tocopherols.

Tocotrienols, especially delta-tocotrienol as sourced from the annatto plant (bixa orellana), have shown impressive effects in supporting overall health. Tocotrienols are associated with significantly positive effects on cardiovascular health, particularly with regard to influencing healthy cholesterol and triglyceride levels. They may also be beneficial for a healthy inflammatory response, an important asset since chronic inflammation is a factor in damage to the cardiovascular system.

Having a positive influence on lipids (fats in the blood), tocotrienols may be beneficial for those with a buildup of fat in the liver, as well as those who need help managing blood sugar and insulin levels. Clinical research also suggests tocotrienols may be a valuable addition to the supplement regimens of those who need nutritional support for strong, healthy bones.

Here is a recent remark of Jonathan Lizotte, Designs for Health Founder and Board Chairman:

“The health benefits realized by annatto tocotrienol go beyond that of any other nutrient I know. It’s the one supplement I would want with me if I were stranded on a desert island! This is a change for me as after 35 years in this industry, my top desert island supplements have switched between magnesium and fish oil and now it stands firmly as annatto tocotrienol alone. A minimum of 150 mg per day is a must for every adult alive.”

Apart from tocotrienol, Barrie discovered and has extracted the first-in-class geranylgeraniol (GG), also from the annatto plant. GG has benefits as 1) testosterone and progesterone booster; 2) pain alleviation and; 3) sarcopenia, myopathy and muscle building from this endogenous nutrient. GG is the last common step between plant and mammal (has huge implications), and may possibly be the last frontier in anti-aging nutrients. Here are Dr. Tan’s two anti-aging bottom-line nutrients: tocotrienol (exogenous) will work from outside-in, and geranylgeraniol (endogenous) will work from inside-out.

During our discussion, you'll discover:

-How Dr. Tan discovered annatto and became interested in vitamin E…9:05

Began while an assistant prof at U of Mass in Amherst

Palm oil in his native Malaysia is orange; is bleached out when it's processed

Received grant from the Malaysian government to research

Research process on palm oil:

Remove all fats and oil

Remove all kerosene colors (orange)

25% of what was left was alpha-tocopherol, the most common variant of vitamin E

Remainder was tocotrienol

Led to research on different forms of lung cancer (stopped soon after)

Prince of Thailand hired him to research

Buddhists don't like anything mitochondrial related

Wanted plant-derived, not animal-derived research

Most beneficial results came from rice bran oil (contained tocotrienol)

Research funding slowed due to a slow economy in 1987

Needed a break in 1998 from studying tocotrienol; this led to studying treating macular degeneration

Vitamin E is made up of 8 different compounds

4 of them are tocopherols; 4 are tocotrienols

The most common are tocopherols, particularly alpha-tocopherols

Tocotrienols are less common and are the locus of Dr. Tan's research

Research on the efficacy of vitamin E as it pertains to exercise was primarily done on tocopherols

Vitamin E was discovered in 1922 at Berkeley

Was extracted from spinach

Assisted in bringing fetus to full-term

Alpha-tocopherol is the “currency” of vitamin E; all other strains (delta, gamma tocopherol) is converted into alpha during processing

Even “all-natural” alpha-tocopherol is partly synthetic

How to undo the damage from an alpha-tocopherol heavy supplement:

Best thing is to stop taking alpha-tocopherol supplement

Ideal intake of alpha-tocopherol is 15 mg per day, derived from natural foods

If you didn't get all that, get this… A vitamin E supplement is not derived from what we would find in nature. It is only a few strands of tocopherol, mostly alpha-tocopherol. The original use of alpha-tocopherol has long outlived its purpose. Dr. Tan advocates for the other strands, particularly tocotrienols for humans to derive the full benefits of vitamin E.

-The major differences between alpha-tocopherols and tocotrienols…30:55

Tri = 3; E = double bond

Tocopherol has a head with an OH group; tail is saturated

Tocotrienol tail has 3 double bonds, so it is unsaturated; head is smaller than tocopherol

Lipid antioxidants are the low-hanging fruit for our body to be oxidized

Astaxanthin is a powerful singlet antioxidant (efficacious in an environment that is oxygen-deficient)

>90% of antioxidants in the phospholipid cells are vitamin E molecules

Remaining ~10% are hydrocarbon caratonoids

Beta carotene and lycopene contain nothing else than hydrogen and carbon

1995 study by Dr. Lester Packer of UC Berkeley:

Used electron-resonance spectroscopy to compare alpha-tocopherol and tocotrienol

Concluded that both capture free radicals, to protect the lipid from oxidation

However, tocotrienol is 50 times more effective in protecting the cell

Comparison: Tocopherol is like municipal police within a small jurisdiction; tocotrienol is like a state trooper with far larger jurisdiction

Tocotrienol recruits to cancer cells 10X more than tocopherol

Critics say that only alpha-tocopherol is found in the blood; therefore all advocacy for tocotrienol is moot

Only alpha-tocopherol has a “transport protein”, which chaperones a particular molecule to a site of action

The transport protein ensures the conservation of alpha-tocopherol (which is why supplementation is bad news)

-Dr. Tan's discovery of the amazing annatto plant while living in South America…43:20

Went to find lutein and zeaxanthin

Discovered the annatto while searching for marigold flowers in Brazil

It was nicknamed the “lipstick plant” due to its intense red color on the inside

South Americans called it “achuite”; is used as a food coloring

Dr. Tan recognized the annatto to be a caratenoid:

Carotene in nature has to be protected by something due to its instability (plants changing color in the spring)

Because the annatto did not change color, he realized it was a potentially powerful antioxidant

Biggest surprise of his research:

Did not contain polyphenols, nor any type of tocopherol.

It contained primarily delta-tocotrienol, which had been shown to be the most potent form of vitamin E.

The plant is naturally free of any type of tocopherol

-How the annatto plant is used to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)…52:30

NAFLD is the new name for “metabolic syndrome”

20% of youth and 40% of adults in America are obese

3 of 5 risk markers:

Elevated triglycerides

Reduced HDL

Increased weight circumference

80-100 million Americans have NAFLD in some form

The liver is very intolerant of fat

Symptoms resemble those of alcoholics, hence the name “non-alcoholic”

Notable data from Dr. Tan's study:

Gave people 600 mg of tocotrienol vitamin E; 300 mg twice daily

70 patients; double-blind; placebo controlled

Did at the beginning, 3 months after, 6 months after

3 months: lost average of 10 pounds

6 months: lost average of 17 pounds

Waist circumference dropped 3 cm

Use caution when purchasing products using the words “liver support” in its packaging

-The other compound Dr. Tan found in the annatto plant in addition to tocotrienols…1:03:10

GG: geraniol geranial

It's an endogenous nutrient, naturally produced by the human body

Helps with the synthesis of testosterone

Older folks take it, not for the sex drive, but to have a zest for life

Required for the synthesis of caratenoid

GG is a prerequisite for the synthesis of CoQ10

GG is currently in development; not currently on the market

Its use as a pain management tool is complimentary, but not similar to, CBD

-And much more!

Resources from this episode:

–Designs For Health Annatto-E

–Book: Tocotrienols: Vitamin E Beyond Tocopherols

–Book (edition 2): Tocotrienols: Vitamin E Beyond Tocopherols, Second Edition

–Article: Annatto: Delivering tocotrienols from Amazonia

–Article: Vitamin E: A closer look at tocotrienols

Episode Sponsors:

–Kion: My personal playground for new supplement formulations. Ben Greenfield Fitness listeners receive a 10% discount off your entire order when you use discount code: BGF10.

–Trusii: Contains a host of anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, and anti-allergy benefits. For this reason, I have decided to now make consumption of hydrogen-rich water an important part of my daily nutritional routine…and I highly recommend it! Save 30% off your order when you use discount code: BEN

–Four Sigmatic: I’ve been using Four Sigmatic products for a while now and I’m impressed by the efficacies of their mushroom products. I use them. I like them. I support the mission! Receive 15% off your Four Sigmatic purchase when you use discount code: BENGREENFIELD

–Harry's Razors: Try the shaving company that’s fixing shaving. Get a $13 value trial set that comes with everything you need for a close, comfortable shave when you go to harrys.com/greenfield

Do you have questions, thoughts or feedback for Barrie or me? Leave your comments below and one of us will reply!

Ask Ben a Podcast Question

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#_form_64_ ._form_10 text-align:center !important; #_form_64_ ._x20518276 label,#_form_64_ ._field10 label text-align:left; #_form_64_ ._form_31 width:100% !important; ]]>

Source: https://bengreenfieldfitness.com/podcast/supplements-podcasts/vitamin-e-dangers/

#read more #see more #check it out #interesting #learn more

[biomedgrid]

Biomed Grid| Cleaning Up of Contaminated Soils by Using Microbial Remediation: A Review and Challenges to the Weaknesses

Abstract

The use of microbial bioremediation in recovering polluted soils is not a new technology based on many review reports and studies on its efficiencies and on how to increase the effectiveness. In this short paper, we reviewed the advantages and weaknesses of microbial remediation in cleaning up the polluted ecosystems. Based on the identified weaknesses/disadvantages or incompleteness of the microbial remediation by Sharma and Reddy (2004), future studies should focus on how to increase the effectiveness of the bioremediation technology that should further reduce environmental stress on the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Overall, strategies in the future studies for improving the microbial remediation are discussed.

Keywords:Microorganisms; Remediation; Microbes

Introduction to Bioremediation

Cleaning up of chemical pollutants from contaminated soils is a worldwide problem nowadays. The presence of elevated levels of chemical pollutants in the soil environment has contributed to soil pollution [1]. This is a potential threat to the ecosystem health that has a strong connection to the health of wildlife and human life quality ultimately.

The contaminated soils have been a result of

I. Mining of raw elements/materials,

II. Industrial waste due to production,

III. Vehicular transportation,

IV. Disposal or accidental spills of chemicals.

The use of bioremediation by using microorganisms have been found many in the literature [2-7]. Microbial remediation can be simply defined by employing microorganisms to lower the bioavailability of pollutants (especially organic contaminants) so as to make less toxic to the ecosystem. These microorganisms are capable to break down (or metabolize) contaminants by using them as a food source. Introduction of specific competent strains of microorganisms has been widely used in the bioremediation of soil pollution [1]. According to [6], bioremediation is an environmental friendly technology for cleaning up or recovering the polluted soils.

Table 1: Advantages of bioremediation over conventional/ traditional soil remediation methodologies.

According to [1], it is important to use suitable bioremediation technologies because of the site-specificity of most remediation methods. The weaknesses of conventional remediation technologies are presented in (Table 1).

Based on Table 1, there are apparent advantages of using bioremediation when compared to conventional methods (Table 1). For example, the biodegradation by using bioremediation is non-invasive and cost-effective in the removal of Petroleum Hydrocarbon (PH) pollutants [1].

Advantages and Disadvantages/Weaknesses of Microbial Remediation

According to [10], the advantages and disadvantages/weaknesses of microbial remediation have been summarized in Table 2. According to a good review conducted by [11], the use of microbial remediation such as bacteria and fungi are useful for cleaning polluted soils. This is because the microbial remediation can effectively remove soil pollutants. From soil quality point of view, microbes can able to help limiting growth of plant pathogens, increasing nitrogen fixation, and causing lower bioavailabilities inorganic and organic pollutants in the soils. Microbe-assisted bioremediation (microbial remediation) offer many ecological and cost-associated benefits [5].

Challenges to the Weaknesses/Disadvantages of Microbial Remediation

Based on the weaknesses or disadvantages of microbial remediation in (Table 2), five challenges can be highlighted:

Table 2: Advantages and disadvantages/weaknesses of microbial remediation [10].

    To decrease the bioavailability of incomplete breakdown of pollutants

Since there is possibility of incomplete breakdown of organic pollutants by using microbial remediation, the challenge is to study a complete breakdown of those contaminants. If complete breakdown of these pollutants is not possible, the bioavailability of these pollutants should be decreased. Studies should continue to increase the effectiveness of the microbial remediation technology. This includes how to control the processes so that the organic contaminants can be fully metabolized. This is important to immobilize and to reduce the bioavailability of the organic contaminants in the soils. [12] found that linear correlations between the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) and alkane degradation rates and the population and activity increases of TPH and alkane degraders (microbes). [9] critically reviewed the bioavailability of the pollutants during the degradation of PH process by microorganisms [13] reviewed the commercially available microbes in the bioremediation depending on factors affecting the biodegradation process of PH [13].

More studies on specific species of fungal and bacteria should be documented

that the process involving these microbes are tolerant and insensitive to the levels of toxicity of the environmental soils. From a review by [8], they mentioned successful bioaugmentation of aromatics- contaminated soils by single strains or mixed consortia. Regular application of herbicides may lead to their accumulation in the soil and at elevated concentration changes the physico-chemical properties of soils, microfloral composition and their activities and consequently the crop yields [2]. Microbial remediation is related to relationship of plant–bacteria that is applied to improve crop yield [14]. This plants obtain benefits from their associated-bacteria that possess the capability to biodegrade hydrocarbon. This enhances lower bioavailability of PH in terms of phytotoxicity and evapotranspiration of volatile hydrocarbons. Synergistic response between relationship of plants and microbes is recognized as an effective in situ method to clean up the polluted soils [7].

Regular monitoring of the effectiveness of microbial remediation is needed

Regular check and field biomonitoring of the rate of biodegradation of PH by the microbes should be conducted to reduce the unmobilized organic contaminants to be leached into the ground. If an ex-situ process is used, methodologies on how to control problematic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the soils should be provided based on field and laboratory studies. Since incomplete breakdown of pollutants into non-toxic compounds is sometimes possible, the persistent and toxic residual levels should be managed properly to reduce further environmental problems to the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This could result in toxic by-products in the soil that could be more mobile and toxic when compared to the initial contamination.

If an ex-situ method is used in the microbial remediation, monitoring and controlling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is not easy [10]. Therefore, field monitoring of VOCs on the efficiency of microbial remediation is necessary.

Shorter treatment period of microbial remediation

Although low-technology equipment is required, treatment time could be shorter. This could involve genetically engineered microorganisms for the microbial remediation. The efficiency of microbial remediation can be improved by genetically modified microbes [5]. Hence, further studies on the biodegradation process by the microbes are needed. Enhancement of bioremediation technologies by using transgenic plants and microbes has also been reviewed by [15]. This is important in the mitigation of associated ecological risk assessments of the polluted soils.

Microbial remediation should include a wider range of contaminant clean up

Future studies should focus on wider range of contaminants that can be effectively treated. These compounds that to be metabolized and degraded should include those of non-biodegradable in addition to biodegradable pollutants. Although the advantages of microbial remediation include minimal secondary pollution and preservation of topsoil quality [3], the usefulness in treating a broad range of environmental contaminants is questionable. [4] focused on phytoremedial plants that are able to deal with this type of complex pollution. This involves not only species that tolerate the joint effect of heavy metals in the soil, but also those that can take advantage of associated bacteria to efficiently break down organic compounds.

This has been the subject research area of [4] who focussed on phytoremedial plants that can tolerate the combination effects of heavy metals in the soil, in addition to the advantage of associated bacteria that can efficiently break down organic compounds in the soils.

Concluding Remarks

The use of microbial bioremediation in recovering polluted soils is not a new technology based on many review reports and studies on its efficiencies and on how to increase the effectiveness. Based on the above-mentioned six weaknesses/disadvantages of the microbial remediation by [10], future studies should focus on how to increase the effectiveness of the bioremediation technology that should further reduce environmental stress on the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These challenges should be considered a trial and error research niche in the betterment of microbial remediation technology in future studies.

Read More About this Article: https://biomedgrid.com/fulltext/volume2/cleaning-up-of-contaminated-soils-by-using-microbial-remediation.000589.php

For more about: Journals on Biomedical Science :Biomed Grid

#biomedgrid #Journal on medical science #Open access medical journal #Free medical journal #American medical journal #List of open access medical journal

[gt-adventures]

Giant Species Infodump: Ankaniim

You like giants? I know you do! 

This species belong to me, and belong in the world I made for them, which is the world of my original fantasy story Beanstalk. The following is almost all the information I have written up on the giant species of my own invention, which I call Ankaniim.You can find all of the story so far on my deviant art!  (i’ve been slowly working on it since I was 16, and im turing 22 in 2017...) 

I posted this info on DeviantArt a long time ago, but I should have it here too!

A lot of this information wont be revealed in story, it's stuff for me to keep in mind as I write. Also this is... what is the word? A CLOSED RACE* meaning, no you can't use them. not yet.  *not because I think any of you will steal them, my dream is to have people write fanfiction for my stories! But my story isn't ready for that. I haven't supplied enough world building, plus I don't want you using the magic wrong. This document will help with that, as it does explain some things. 

if you have any questions about Ankaniim or Higher Ground (the series of Beanstalk is Book 1), just ask! 

Name origin: Anka (singular) Ankaniim (plural) is just my augmentation of one of the hebrew words for Giant (Anak (singular) Anakiim (plural). You might think, isn’t the hebrew word for giant "nephiliim?" Yes, that is another word, and notice it's plural. It also means "fallen ones" as the hebrew word for fall is naphal. This word would be more appropriate for my story but I want to be different.         Humans: the human race are called Gamda (singular) Gamdaniim (plural) from the hebrew word for dwarf (gamad/gamadiim). Height Range: 50-80ft tall (average is about 72ft). their scale is ~11:1, so yes, compared to humans, they have a fairly large average height. age range: 50-60 years. 60 is old age. 70 is the equivalent of reaching like, 90 in a human. Giants are physically mature at 13 years old, with mental maturity at 16. (For reference: Tam is 15 years old, Jedraek is 19) Appearence: Giants come in all shapes and colors found in humans! but in more fun combinations.         feet: Giants have larger and flatter feet than humans, and look a bit like hobbit feet (but again flatter). Hair: Giants have very distinct dichromatic and sometimes tricromatic hair. This takes the form of spots or stripes. There is always one primary color (which can be any color found in humans) and a secondary color (which can be any color, including pastels, metallic, etc, anything goes!). For trichromats there are two secondary patches (the secondary color appears in more than one place, usually in spots, trichromatic stripes are more rare) or, even more rarely, two secondary colors. [yes im using the words that are normally used to describe a persons vision but they are good words]         In many societies having a more vibrant and contrasting secondary color meant better breeding. Also having eye color that matches your secondary is often seen as special. Body temperature: Ankaniim's body temperature is a bit lower than a humans, at 32C/90F but their body chemistry is amazingly resilient.  able to hold temperatures that would death in a human but only for a few hours. So the toggle is about 30C- 43C/85-110F (this is a huge temperature range for a warmblooded creature btw, homeostasis is usually means a core temperature is pretty much constant. However, ranges like this are typical of cloud dwelling creatures) Culture: Ankaniim live all over the world and there are many cultures, it would take to long to describe them all. I will save culture for another time. However         Ankaniim do not eat gamdaniim. There may be some cultures that do, but it would be more of a ritualistic thing, not an "attack the humans and eat them" thing.         Ankaniim do not like gamdaniim, at least ankaniim of the featured kingdoms don't. There are reasons for this, but no one really knows them since it's ancient history and now it's a culturally imbedded species rivalry. Long ago, the two species were friends. there are still many cultures where they are friends! but they are on other continents.         then why live where there are giants that do attack? Well it's not super frequent! Gamdaniim, like us regular humans, are stubborn as mules, we live in places that have tornadoes and earthquakes and hurricanes! Magic/Work: Hoowee, you ready for some complicated science fantasy bullshit!? Because I am! -Ankaniim are a magical race. They have "magical powers". This is a trait belonging to of ALL species that dwell in the clouds. The difference is that animals cannot use it the way Ankaniim do. There are no spells, no words or symbols, in fact, Ankaniim don't call it magic, it's called Work. It's the innate ability to redirect some of their metabolism over to generate and manipulate, with their mind, a stabilizing form of energy (referred to as magical energy for simplicity). -Magical energy exists in them, and but in it's low amounts is only enough to facilitate the metabolic redirection to generate more. Basically, in addition of making chemical energy and heat, their bodies will make magical energy as well. (How do they have magical energy to start with? When not switched, magical energy is a very minor by-product of neural electrical impulses. In fact, magic energy is what makes life possible, but magical beings produce a little extra) -Another way of putting it: The cellular metabolism of Cloud Dwelling animals can be redirected to create magical energy (this of course means they are not making their normal amount of biochemical energy and get tired very fast when using magic). Giants have the ability to control this energy with their minds. Direct it’s flow and purpose (while it still maintains its stabilizing properties). Energy (not just magical) is the capacity to do work or transfer heat. Thus using magic is called doing work or working. -what can magic really do? It stabilizes and controls other energy. Energy effects matter, so control of energy is control of matter! The simplest forms involve just transferring heat, the more difficult forms involve making or breaking chemical bonds or cold fusion and cold fission. I will provide some examples, from simple concepts to the more complex.         Important Note: Calorie Count. One Calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree. Water has a high heat capacity, so changing the temperature of water takes a lot of heat. (btw, calories in food are actually kiloCalories, which are 1000 calories). All work takes energy, magical energy mostly makes work possible, though it does assist in lowering the amount of energy needed to do these tasks.         example: thermal transfer: [The most simple and easy work]. This is the directed transfer of heat either into or out of an object. Usually used to heat and cool liquids. All heat being transferred into an object must be generated by the person doing the transfer*. All heat being transferred out of an object must be taken into the person.*                 *simultaneous transfer: one can transfer heat from one thing to another to avoid having to use energy to generate their own source of heat, however they must serve as the conduit for the heat.                 Phase Change: the difficulty of this task depends on the substance(s) being changed. Changing a substances phases between solid <--> liquid <--> gas. This is basically pushing thermal transfer until enough energy is taken out or put in that the substance changes phase. But, since their is a energy barrier that must be crossed to achieve change (the link shows it for water. it's different for every substance. Plus atmospheric pressure is a factor in how difficult this is)         cold fusion and fission you know any of the elements beyond Hydrogen exist? Fusion in stars. The pressure and heat is so great the hydrogen atoms fuse into helium, and those fused atoms fuse. They can't make elements beyond Iron there is not enough heat or pressure to make the next element. It takes a supernova to burst through and make it all the way to Uranium. Fission is the opposite, breaking atoms apart, releasing energy. This usually results in explosions that vaporize their immediate surroundings and melt/set on fire the less immediate. e=mc^2 and all that         Work Fusion/Fission: magic allows for both fusion and fission to be done safely. How? This is the science fantasy bullshit part. Where does the energy go from fission? where is the energy needed for fusion coming from? idk, it's magic! Also a great deal of energy is coming from the Anka performing the work. However this is how metal is made in the cloud world, since elemental metals are not found in the cloud land.  The starting material must be the clouds themselves. The hydrogens in the water provide units of 1 proton for fission and the oxygen provide units of 8 protons. It must be done with the clouds, since those contain a high amount of magical energy otherwise it can't be done. Of course, pulling bonds hydrogens and oxygen apart requires energy. Any elements made will most likely be bonded to each other, which releases energy. Magic makes this possible.                 the easiest and most commonly performed work of this type is making of oils and other hydrocarbon fuels. the hardest is complex substances that are made of more than just hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. These require more than just thinking and directing the energy, it takes steps and chemistry. Making metals is also difficult just because of the fusion involved.         Ok, so now you know what magic can do. the Fusion/Fission thing should provide you will all the possibilities! (condensed: an Anka can make any material they wish starting from clouds if they are trained and have the energy. Overexertion is possible, easily possible when making things beyond hydrocarbons like alkanes, alkenes, and also other oils)         what magic can't do: magic takes energy and time, it is not something that can be used to cast shields or attacks. There are no enchantments or illusions. Magic can't conjure, it can't do anything except what I described above.       Congrats, you made it through the science fantasy babble! You have earned a fun fact:     fun fact: Gamdaniim evolved from Ankaniim. The species diverged about 70,000 years ago. Ankaniim felt like exploring more of the world, and that included the surface, so a sizable group was sent down while the rest spread out across the clouds! Over the years the lack of magical energy along with the environment being harsher, less plentiful, caused each generation to decrease in size until it was sustainable. They also lost the ability to do Work but gained more innate curiosity and cunning, which is why Gamdaniim are at a higher technology level than Ankaniim. Here is an image of my main Anka, Tam, drawn by my friend sailerscrimshaw.tumblr.com (link has fully image, showing my OCs Tam, Camden, and Aliza, but with Tam at a human scale. And bellow that is Tam and Camden at the proper scale!  (Tam’s skin color is correct in the first image!)

Once again, if you have questions or comments, my askbox is open :D

#giant tiny #size difference #giants #tinies #higher ground beanstalk #gt

[agplus3]

Job Of The Day 2-6-2020

If you see a job you are interested in or may be qualified for and want more details on that job, message me with the Job Title, City and State of that job and I can get you all the information needed!

 Also, like and follow my page AG Plus 3 Recruiting to stay up to date with the most recent job openings!! You can find me on Instagram, Liknedin, FB Page and Twitter!

 Just because you don’t see a job listing in your city or state, doesn’t necessarily mean there isn’t one. It might just mean I didn’t get to that one today. You can always message me and ask what it is you’re looking for and I will be happy to take a look 😊

 MAINTENANCE SUPERVISOR - OFF SHIFT

LOCATION

Louisville, KY

TYPE

Direct Hire

POSTED

Feb 5, 2020

Major well established company has an opportunity in the Louisville, KY metropolitan area for a Maintenance Supervisor to work in their high volume food process facility.  The shift is still being determined, but could be either 1:00pm - 10:00pm or 10:00pm - 7:00am.  Also could overlap the shifts mentioned here such as for example of it being 6:00pm - 3:00am.  

prefer a technical bachelor degree, but will consider no degree

must be open to work off shift

At least 3 years of maintenance supervision experience in manufacturing

food process industry a plus

needed is knowledge of preventative maintenance programs

must be literate with computers

SAP experience is a plus

ability to apply concepts of basic algebra and geometry

must be able to speak effectively before groups of employees or customers

  MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING MANAGER

LOCATION

Opelika, AL

TYPE

Direct Hire

POSTED

Feb 5, 2020

Major established and global leading company has an opportunity for a Manufacturing Engineering Manager with growth potential  at a well performing and good size plant in eastern Alabama.  In this facility will be over manufacturing engineering in this machining and assembly operation that utilizes both Lean and Six Sigma.  SAP is the ERP utilized and there is significant automation using both PLCs and robots.   There will be involvement also with project management / capital projects.  A significant amount of time will be spent on the manufacturing floor.  Will be involved in driving change in the plant.   Will relocate in nationally and there is bonus potential.

Engineering related bachelor degree needed

Must have successful experience driving change in a plant to take the facility to the next level

must be motivated to take care of the customer

Need successful experience driving accountability

Strong leadership is needed as well as being team oriented

must be an aggressive leader

Need at least 5 years of supervisory to management level experience

Must have experience being over manufacturing engineering

Need experience over machining and being over assembly is a plus

Strong computer experience is needed

Must have ERP user experience with a preference for SAP experience

Utilization of both Lean and Six Sigma is needed

Must be very mechanically driven

Need to be shop floor / hands-on oriented

Prefer automation / robotics and capital project /project management  experience

Could have experience in high mix / low volume or high volume metal working manufacturing

Prefer test and welding experience also

Will consider person with director level experience for this manager level role

  MAINTENANCE TECHNICIANS - HIGH PRESSURE ALUMINIM DIE CASTING

LOCATION

Greensboro, NC

TYPE

Direct Hire

POSTED

Feb 5, 2020

Established company has opportunities at one of their plants located in an attractive central NC location for  Maintenance Technician - high pressure aluminum die casting that is on the second shift to install, repair, replace or modify electrical and electronic equipment in accordance with blueprints, sketches or wire diagrams.  Will diagnose problems and develop, redesign or modify systems, equipment, procedures or methods to accomplish solutions.  Will develop and troubleshoot programs for Allen Bradley programmable controllers. Will maintain installation within safety regulations or codes.    Typically some OT that is paid at time and ½.  There is a 401K with some matching and bonus potential also.  There is also a relocation package available.  

High School Graduate or higher education

At least 3 years of multi-craft maintenance technician experience with high pressure aluminum die casting  equipment or very strong experience with plastic injection mold equipment could substitute.

Advanced hydraulics, stick and MIG welding knowledge

Allen Bradley PLC-2 and SLC-500 experience

Knowledge of Windows and Excel

Training or experience with using testing equipment

Blueprint, schematic and diagram reading for electrical hydraulic and pneumatic systems experience

Knowledge of power distribution wiring, control electronics and ladder diagrams

Must be open to working on the 2nd shift

 MAINTENANCE MULTI-CRAFT SERVICE TECHNICIANS - 12 HOUR ROTATING SHIFT - 3

LOCATION

Louisville, KY

TYPE

Direct Hire

ID

Feb 5, 2020

Major  international company has opportunities in greater Louisville, KY at a high volume plant for Maintenance Technicians on either the 2nd or 3rd shift and they are going to a 12 hour rotating shift .  The role is multi-craft.  There is paid overtime and bonus potential.

high school graduate or GED as to minimum education

must be open to both 2nd and 3rd shift as could be moved from one to the other

must be open to a 12 hour rotating shift as they are going in that direction in the future

At least 5 years of multi-craft maintenance technician experience of which the majority will be production equipment

ability to troubleshoot and repair electro-mechanical industrial equipment using drawings, schematics and diagnostic tools

must be willing to work other hours when needed

needed is experience with hydraulics, pneumatics, PLCs, VFDs and automation

ability to troubleshoot, repair and rebuild equipment involving electrical power and control circuits

Fanuc robot experience

Word and Excel experience is needed

strong math skills

good problem solving and decision making skills

good written and verbal communication skills

need to demonstrate safe maintenance practices understanding

ammonia technician experience of importance for one of the positions

  EMBEDDED SOFTWARE ENGINEER

LOCATION

Syracuse, NY

TYPE

Direct Hire

POSTED

Feb 5, 2020

Major leading company with a good working culture has an opportunity for an Embedded Software Engineer at their site in the southern region of upstate NY to support the portfolio of current product and future needs. Duties include embedded  software development for vehicle controls.  Will test and debug software for conformance to requirements.  Will be involved in software coding, integration, review, debug, test and release for embedded control systems on vehicles.  Procedures for software release will be performed involving verification and validation to include for sample stage and final production software according to specifications.  There is an attractive relocation package.

  Bachelor degree in Computer field or Electrical as well as other engineering fields that are applicable

At least 4 years of successful experience with embedded software development preferred

Embedded microcontroller experience

C language experience

CANalyzer experience

Embedded software development experience with toolchains such as StateFlow, Matlab Simulink, Polyspace etc. is preferred

Prefer experience with some the following tool is preferred:  VeriStand, LabVIEW, cRIO, PXI /  dSPACE / Python, C++, SQL, R / CANoe, CANape

Prefer CAN / CANopen experience

Good organization skills needed

Must have good verbal and written communication skills and able to present technical material to technically diverse audiences

Need to be a team player as well as adaptable and flexible

Must be authorized to work indefinitely in the USA without sponsorship

  SR. ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT ENGINEER

LOCATION

Charlotte, NC

TYPE

Direct Hire

POSTED

Feb 5, 2020

Established and dynamic environmental engineering and consulting firm has an opportunity in the Charlotte metro in NC for a Sr. Environmental Project Engineer that is passionate, driven and motivated about growing their career and that is motivated to serve the clients and improve the communities that they work in.  Offered here is unique leadership and technical training programs .  Will be involved in playing a key role in making decisions for complex site assessment and remedial strategy development and solving the environmental challenges that are complex.  National relocation package is available to this nice sunbelt location and there is attractive bonus potential.

 Needed is a bachelor degree from a reputable school

At least 7 years of experience as an environmental engineer or geologist with an environmental engineering consulting firm.

Needed is successful experience with site assessment and remedial design on complex industrial / commercial sites

Brownfield site experience is required

Needed is RCRA and CERCLA project experience

Must have project management experience and successful track record at leading teams

Wanting cost estimating, project execution and budget management experience

Must be able to work well in a fast paced environment

Need to be able to produce high quality technical reports and deliverables

Vapor intrusion assessments is a plus

Would like State Voluntary Cleanup Sites experience

Ground water remediation experience is preferred

Experience with chlorinated solvent, metal, petroleum hydrocarbon and PCB contamination

Prefer PE and/or PG certifications

Desire super fund site experience

Federal or State level experience

  SOUTHEASTERN REGION SALES MANAGER

LOCATION

Atlanta, GA

TYPE

Direct Hire

POSTED

Feb 6, 2020

Our client is a leading $2B international integrated freight, package and logistics solutions provider specializing in air and ground delivery services. We are looking for a successful Sales Manager to cover the the Southeastern Region .The Region Sales Manager leads sales activity within the branches of his/her specific Region while managing the field sales teams within assigned Region.

  Compensation-Base salary plus commission -$250,000 earnings the in first year

Job Responsibilities

Lead, train, motivate and deploy a successful “focused” sales team

Determine sales representative’s strengths and assist them in identifying their individual areas of development

Coach sales reps and assist them in identifying their individual areas of strength & development areas

Create sales training opportunities for sales reps to build upon strengths and enhance areas of deficiencies

Set clear goals and effectively relay those goals to sales force

Support the strategic direction of the company by focusing the sales team on targeted market segments and high yielding margin clients

Instill a sense of urgency while creating a team environment and ensure accountability and recognize success

Organize frequent joint sales calls with each sales rep while demonstrating how to build strong business relationships. Maintain a hands-on approach with top clients & prospects in area of responsibility. Enhance customer relationships & assist in closing clients

Manage the qualification and account management process though the use of a CRM system; target account process; support the sales process and development of client strategies and proposals; actively engage in identifying and closing of new business opportunities

Work in close alignment with Service Quality Management teams to develop service solutions to meet the needs identified for each client

Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Requirements

 Leadership abilities and the experience required to create and manage a significant part of our sales budget

Experience leading and managing a sales team and sales budget

Team player with a proven sales management track record

Passion for sales, and a drive to succeed

Excellent verbal & written communication skills

Strong presentation skills

Superior mentoring and coaching skills are a must for this leadership role

Strong sales skills and proven success in closing new business opportunities

Attention to detail and strong analytical ability

Enthusiastic, persistent, and confident approach

Strong problem solving and planning skills

Strong ability to persuade, motivate, and influence others

Experience utilizing a CRM system, salesforce.com preferred

Knowledge of sales process

Ability to travel including driving to various work and/or customer locations within the local markets.

Education and/ or Work Experience Requirements

 5+ years sales management experience managing 3-5 sales representatives in a commercial sales environment

Logistics industry experience preferred

Proficient computer and presentation skills

  SOFTWARE ENGINEER - YOCTO

LOCATION

Cortland, NY

TYPE

Direct Hire

POSTED

Feb 5, 2020

Major and well established company with a good working culture has an opportunity in the southern portion of upstate NY for a Software Engineer.  Will be involved in the software product development or health portion of their complex electrical / mechanical products.   In this role will be responsible for contributions to the team effort of multidisciplinary and software exclusive projects.  Will be involved with embedded software development on various operating systems and targets.  These will be complex assignments.  A good relocation package is available for this position.

 Bachelor degree in Computer Science, Computer Engineering or a discipline that is related

Yocto build systems is required

Prefer at least 4 years of related experience

Working knowledge of the Linux Kernel that is good

Able to write and modify C++ code

Apply C++ in a Linux embedded environment

Someone that is detail oriented with good documentation skills that are good

Need debugging skills that are solid

Proficiency with Modern C++ ( 11 or greater)

Developing and integrating device drivers experience

Experienced with object oriented design

Written and verbal communication skills that are good

Ability to present material that is technical to a technically diverse group

Creative person who is flexible, adaptable, team-oriented, self-motivated as well as a quick learner

Prefer CANopen, BASH, Perl and JavaScript

Prefer GIT and Subversion experience

Prefer experience in an Agile environment that leverages JIRA

Development skills with Mobile APP plus UI/UX

Must be authorized to work indefinitely in the USA without sponsorship

  CONTROLS ENGINEER - AUTOMATION

LOCATION

Greenville, SC

TYPE

Direct Hire

POSTED

Feb 5, 2020

Well established and a leading international company has an opportunity in the beautiful upstate of SC for a Controls Engineer – Automation related at their manufacturing and distribution facility of around 700 people which is commute distance of the Greenville metropolitan area.  In this role will design, build and program the manufacturing and installation of electrical equipment, components or systems.  Will be responsible for programming drives and robots. Troubleshooting and repairing equipment will be a responsibility.  MES systems will be designed, installed and maintained.  Quotations will be developed for new machinery for capital budget projects. Capital projects will be managed from inceptions to final turnover to production.  A safe workplace will be promoted by performing all tasks in a safe and thoughtful manner.   These are some of the responsibilities associated with this role.  The environment includes Fanuc and Stabli robots as well as Siemens and Allen Bradley PLCs.  The manufacturing processes include both assembly and machining. Major company benefits, relocation assistance as well as bonus potential are associated with the role.  This company values personal life / work balance and offers a family atmosphere.

 BSEE or other relevant BS in Engineering degree

Strong written and verbal communication skills

Project management ability that is excellent

At least 7 years of electrical engineering experience in a manufacturing environment

Must be self-motivated and a team player

Needed is knowledge of PLC software ladder logic, motor drives and vision systems

Experience with general manufacturing assembly equipment

Proficiency with AutoCAD, Microsoft Office, PLC programming, Access, drive software as well as HMI programming

Data collection concepts and date storage and retrieval knowledge

Experience with analyzing and interpreting data

Must be open to occasional travel

Customer service skills that are excellent

  CONTROLS ENGINEER

LOCATION

Starkville, MS

TYPE

Direct Hire

POSTED

Feb 5, 2020

Major Fortune 500 company that is a global leader has an opportunity at a large plant in east central Mississippi near the Alabama line for a Controls Engineer.  In this capacity will support the machining department and entire plant for electrical and control systems for Liebherr gantry control systems as well  as Heller CNCs.  In order to increase efficiencies, reduce cost and improve reliability will design and implement controls.  Will implement and maintain computerized PLC and CNC.  Will design and implement modifications to existing electrical system that includes robotics, automation equipment as well as CNC machines.  Will make sure projects are completed within budget and on schedule, ensuring that the contractor follows the company’s safety requirements.  These are some of the responsibilities of the role.  There is an attractive relocation and benefit package associated with this opportunity.

 BSEE or equivalent degree

Siemens Step-7 and WinCCFlex PLC programming experience

At least 5 years related controls engineering experience

Profibus, Profisafe, Safety Integrated and ASI-Bus knowledge

Able to manage multiple projects with the flexibility to adapt to conflicting requirements

Must have knowledge of city, state and federal electrical requirements

CNC programming using HMI advance and Siemens Step-7 Powerline

Computer literacy that is exceptional as well as AutoCAD is desired

Experience creating and interpreting electrical, pneumatic and hydraulic schematics and ladder diagrams and function block diagrams

Experience with equipment controls must be hands on

Must be authorized to work indefinitely in the USA without sponsorship

    If the stars were made to worship, so will I.

John 16:33

#job #jobs #career #resumes

[allyklapak]

Connecting the Dots of the Living Environment

The issues that currently plague the earth are entwined with the many intricate systems that support the planet and life as we know it. Science embarks on a quest to uncover the truth about nature and delve into the complexities of living things and their relationships with their surroundings.[^1] The scientific method provokes researchers to address problems in the natural world with critical thought and substantiating data. While these endeavors are often distorted by inherent human bias and natural limitations, the peer review system aims to minimize uncertainties and validate working theories or scientific findings.[^2] Though it is understood that nothing can be absolutely certain, the scientific process has yielded foundational findings on matter, organisms, and the environment that have been accepted as standard explanations of nature. In order to sway the minds of those in opposition to the science behind climate change, I feel it is crucial to acknowledge the limitations of science so that the safeguards against misinformation can be underscored. Additionally, those in denial of the harsh reality at hand may foster a new understanding of how important a healthy environment is to life by developing a more thorough comprehension of this connection between organisms and where they live. Matter is the general category for tangible objects with a certain mass and form.[^3] Matter can further be broken down into molecules and furthermore, elements comprised of relatively indivisible atomic structures and a uniform composition that determines particular qualities.[^3] The microscopic breakdown of atoms always includes protons, neutrons, and electrons in varying quantities to distinguish elements.[^4] Elements and the compounds they make up are differentiated by classifications that describe various behaviors. For example, pH measure how acidic or basic a compound may be depending on their quantity of hydrogen ions in comparison to hydroxide atoms.[^5] Likewise, assessing organic compounds and their composition elaborates on why different carbon-based groupings (hydrocarbons, carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids) are essential to life.[^6] These highly variant building blocks of matter abide to a uniform law of conservation of matter, dictating that no matter can ever be created or destroyed.[^7] This principle is important to recognize when considering recycling or conscientiously consuming goods. A rudimentary understanding that matter can never fully be destroyed should reinforce the urgency to recycle. Everything that is discarded has mass and volume, therefore it is mass and can never fully disappear. It will never naturally break down into a helpful form unless properly recycled. Humans produce waste at a rate at which we do not have space to store it. Therefore, our overflowing waste ultimately contaminates other habitats and harms the inhabitants. Perhaps it would be effective to appeal to man’s pragmatic side and propagate the truth that waste will persist and will only cause harm. The alternative option to repurpose and reform matter is a win-win situation for both the planet and the consumer. Energy allows for work to be done and can take on many forms.[^7] Kinetic energy typically exists in the form of electromagnetic radiation or thermal energy and can be transferred through radiation, conduction, or convection.[^8] The sun constitutes 99% of the energy needed to sustain life as it is converted within plants to be usable energy for life.[^9] The remaining 1% is accounted for as nonrenewable commercial energy that is cultivated by burning fossil fuels.[^9] In the same way as matter, energy is conserved, as iterated by the first law of thermodynamics.[^10] When energy is transformed efficiently, it is high quality and enables work to be done with minimal resulting waste. However, low quality energy produces energy waste in the form of useless heat that will emit into the atmosphere and remain for posterity in adherence to the rule of conservation.[^10] It is necessary for the public to be aware of how they independently use energy to minimize waste. Although some are hesitant to switch to higher efficiency energy sources due to economic or practical concerns, these alternatives do more useful work and spare the atmosphere from unnecessary excess low-quality energy. The connection between human consumption of matter and energy and the environment can be defined by different types of systems. Humans utilize unclean energy that cycles into the atmosphere at an overwhelming rate, trapping the detrimental environmental effects in a positive loop.[^11] If this progression in a damaging direction is not halted in a timely manner, the environment may reach its ecological tipping point that will put it in a perilous state.[^11] Companies that capitalize on commercial energy cover up these adverse effects, making the average consumer oblivious to the environmental repercussions getting rapidly closer to irreparable. Parsing out how the emission of fossil fuels into the atmosphere progressively cycles through nature, may make the public more inclined to recognize how their actions are directly facilitating this damage. Ecosystems encompass all of the interacting features of a particular environment because they include the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and biosphere.[^12] Hence all aspects of the air, water, land, and living population are linked. Chemical cycling sustains life within the ecosystem as solar energy is passed through the system, ultimately creating the greenhouse effect to set earth to a hospitable temperature, and vital nutrients are cycled through the flora and the fauna.[^12] The organisms designated as the biosphere are evidently dominant in the system and fall into a natural food chain. Each living thing is divided into groups or phyla and proceed to be defined further into more specific species. Having a diverse set of species is important to maintain a healthy and stable system because they yield adaptable species with specialized abilities.[^13] If there is no variety of producers, there is not variety of designated roles that facilitate a productive system. If species continue to merge the repercussions of loosing certain roles in the system could lead to entire collapses. Native species create the initial balance but may be challenged by the incoming of nonnative species.[^14] Keystone species possess a major influence over the environment, as made evident by the wolf. When wolves returned to Yellowstone, their predatory relationship with deer altered their behaviors that had ultimately affected the growth of certain trees and plants.[^15] The restoration of the landscape gave rise to the return of new species to Yellowstone, fully illustrating the scope of one keystone species’ influence.[^15] It is remarkable to see the unconscious effect one type of species may cause. Throughout evolution, humans have prevailed as the top of the food chain and have abused this position as the fittest to bend ecosystems to our will. Unlike other keystone species, humans have knowingly used our position to manipulate the environment. The pyramid of energy flow shows that human habit of eating at high trophic levels are unsustainable.16 Our exploitation of fresh water, vegetation, and the wetlands has destroyed once flourishing natural habitats for diverse species.[^17] The rise of genetic modification shows our dictatorship of what is now artificial selection. It seems highly unethical that humans have assumed the right to hinder natural processes and it is even more concerning that the repercussions of doing so have not been properly dealt with. While it is exciting to experiment with breeding, genetic manipulation only serves a human purpose which leaves the environment severely lacking. Perhaps the major changes in climate and rise of uncharacteristic weather events have not been drastic enough to convince the masses. The desolation of entire aquatic ecosystems due to humanity’s merciless pollution of our ocean and lakes has unfathomably not warranted unanimous outrage. It is astounding the poor habits of one species can jeopardize the ecosystems and lives of all the rest. The interconnected nature of humankind with every aspect of the world that we live in calls us to take responsibility and clean up this vast mess.

Discussion Question:The advancement of technology has enabled humans to break the rules of evolution and conduct their own genetic engineering. The ethics of using these genetic engineering capabilities on other humans is quite controversial. Does the same degree of ethical ambiguity apply to modifying nonhuman thing and how does the scope of repercussions differ when modifying humans or nonhumans?

Word Count: 1289

Miller Jr, G. Tyler, “Science, Matter, Energy, and Systems,” in Living in the environment: An Introduction to Environmental Science. No. Ed. 19. Cengage Learning, 2017, 31.

Miller, 32.

Miller, 34.

Miller, 35.

Miller, 36.

Miller, 37.

Miller, 39.

Miller, 40.

Miller, 41.

Miller, 42.

Miller, 43.

Miller Jr, G. Tyler, “Ecosystems: What Are They and How Do They Work?,” in Living in the environment: An Introduction to Environmental Science. No. Ed. 19. Cengage Learning, 2017, 51.

Miller Jr, G. Tyler, “Biodiversity and Evolution,” in Living in the environment: An Introduction to Environmental Science. No. Ed. 19. Cengage Learning, 2017, 80.

Miller, 82.

Sustainable Human. “How Wolves Change Rivers.” Youtube video, 4:33. February 13. 2014. https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=ysa5OBhXz-Q

Miller, 59.

Miller, 64.

[timclymer]

The Truth About Tobacco and Marijuana

WHAT ARE THEY?

Substances

Are non food, mood-altering substances that are not deemed medically necessary but that are used in an effort to escape from the problems of life, to get a dreamy feeling, or a sense of well-being or of elation.

Tobacco-An addictive substance containing toxic substances with temporary harmful effects when ingested into the body. Tobacco contains thirty different substances such as nicotine, arsenic, alcohol and ammonia. Nicotine is one of the oldest, the most widely used, and, in the same amounts, stronger and more addictive than cocaine. The euphoric effect of nicotine is the same as morphine and cocaine.

According to one researcher, “tobacco contains as nice a collection of poisons as you will find anywhere. The tobacco used in pipes and cigars contains more nicotine, more cancerous tars, and produces more dangerous carbon monoxide gas than that used in cigarettes.

Marijuana (also known as pot, reefer, grass, ganja, or weed) has been the focus of much controversy among experts.

Marijuana is a drug prepared by drying the leaves, flowering tops, stems and seeds of the hemp plant known as Cannabis sativa. Here, the name sometimes used for it- ‘Cannabis’ Its common name is "pot.” In India it is called bhang. Hashish is another form of cannabis, made from the resin of the plant and usually pressed into the form of blocks or chunks of varying potency. Hashish and an oil made from it are greater strength than marijuana.

For one thing, marijuana is extremely complex; a marijuana cigarette contains over 400 chemical compounds in its smoke. It took doctors over 60 years to realize cigarette smoke causes cancer. It may likewise take decades before anyone knows for sure just what marijuana’s 400 compounds do to the human body.

Marijuana smoke, like the smoke from tobacco, consist of a number of toxic substances, such as tars which are only soluble in fat and stored in body tissues, including brain, for weeks and months, like DDT. The storage capacity of tissues for these substances is awesome-which explains their slow deleterious effects in habitual smokers.

WHY TAKE IT?

-Some take these substances to escape from their problems: Failure to develop the skills needed for coping with problems may indeed force an individual to smoking. -To satisfy curiosity -To ease depression or boredom -Peer pressure -For the pleasure of it- -To be with the crowd-to feel, cool, grown-up, sophisticated. -By smoking, teenagers feel independent, whereas they are capitulating to peer pressure.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

-The quality of family life or rather the lack of it may affect whether young people take it or not -Family breakdown (divorce and separation); Eighty percent of drug addicts have serious family problems. They come from a very repressive or a very permissive family or from a home without a father. “ -Emotional conflicts: awareness is an emotionally turbulent period; hence young ones take drugs to escape the turbulence -Substance abusers are also being manipulated by the tobacco companies. The companies know that their future is with the youth. If youths can make addicts in their teens, they will likely be good customers for life.

WHAT EFFECTS?

Vascular- Researcher have further linked smoking with the hardening and general deterioration of small arms. The doctor concluded. Smoking damages these particular sections and makes their walls stiff. So when a pulse of blood comes down, the vessel can not expand (to ease its passage). That would happen in old age anyway, but it happens twice as fast in smokers. ”

Blood – Cigarette smoking causes immediate and worsening changes in teens’ blood, the kind of changes that lead to early artery problems and heart disease.

Hearing – Smoking poses a “special risk of hearing loss” for “people who work or live in high-noise-level environments.” normal “than that of non smokers.

Skin – Smoker’s Face- Many doctors believe that smoking may make a person’s facial skin look older. The faces of smokers and non-smokers are not very different at age 30. But by 40 and 50 the differences are obvious.

Tooth and bone loss- Smoking is one of the largest factors in teeth loss. Smokers sufferers a greater incidence of tooth and bone loss. They also had a great build-up of plaque and tartar, which collect on the teeth and contribute to gum disease and decay. Smoking causes constriction of the blood vessels in the gum tissue, thus reducing the circulation and speeding up the disease process. ”

Heart- Cigarette smoking as the cause of a rare but lethal heart disease named cardio-myopathy. This disease weakens the whole heart muscle, thereby inhibiting proper blood circulation. The result is ever heart failure.

Respiratory-Smokers have a much higher risk of pulmonary complications than surgery than do non-smokers. These include lung collapse and infections leading to such diseases as pneumonia. Some suffer sore throats from smoking cannabis while others suffer from bronchitis. Marijuana users were also found to have bronchial lesions characteristic of the early stages of cancer.

Nervous- Marijuana is damaging to the brain, damaging mental functions, even when a person is not under its immediate influence. It can be said with confidence that marijuana produces acute effects on the brain, including chemical and electrophysiological changes. “Although at present, there is no comprehensive proof that marijuana permanently damages the brain. to "the golden bowl” should not be dismissed lightly.

Marijuana is known “to cause birth defects when administrated in large doses to experimental animals.” Whether it has the same effects on humans is that far unproved. It should be remembered, though, that birth defects (such as the one caused by the hormone DES) often take years to manifest themselves. So, what the future holds for the children-and grandchildren-of marijuana smokers remains to be seen.

Cancer- Tobacco causes cancer in the cheeks, gums, and throat. These finds do not surprise experts. One study notes: “Snuff has the highest level of cancer-causing agents of any product taken into the body.” No wonder that “long-term snuff users have a 50% greater risk of developing oral cancer than nonusers.

For example, those who regularly chew or dip can get cracked lips, stained teeth, bad breath, and sore gums-nothing to smile about. In addition, their ability to taste and smell decreases while their heartbeat and blood pressure increase.

Whether one chew or suck on moist snuff held between cheek and gum (called dipping), oral cancer, gum disease, and nicotine addiction are inevitable consequences. Cancer develops where the tobacco touches cheek and gum, and the malignancy often spreads to other parts of the body. Smokeless tobacco contains 20 or more cancer-causing nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Nutritional-Smoking destroys the vitamin C that a person takes in from food and drink. Nicotine decreased the ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content of the blood by 24 to 31 percent. Thus smokers are in much greater need of this essential vitamin. This explains why those who smoke generally are more prone to infections than those who do not. For example, smokers are more likely to catch the flu during an epidemic and they usually have it worse than non-smokers. Marijuana produces lower resistance to disease, as well as damage to chromosomes and genes.

Reproductive-Marijuana use has been addressed in lower levels of male sex hormones, which has produced problems related to the male reproductive system

Fetal damage- Smoking during pregnancy damages fetal arteries. This damage is evident with the high incidence of congenital malformations, low birth weights and premature separations among infants of women who smoke.

Even father’s smoking may harm fetus. Studies show that when a non-smoking pregnant woman is exposed to the cigarette smoke of other people [such as the father], the fetal blood contains significant amounts of tobacco smoke by-products.

Infants- because the brain’s barrier to drugs and the liver, which detoxifies nicotine, are less well developed in infants than in adults, passive smoking is particularly harmful to them. Damages could range from aversion to certain foods, due to nausea caused by tobacco smoke, to sudden infant death syndrome.

Tobacco Hinders Sleep and Memory- Smokers generally find it harder to sleep than non-smokers do, and sleep habits of smokers who suddenly quit dramatically according to researchers.

Life expectancy-Smoking-related diseases are important causes of disability and premature deaths. And as regards cigarette-related fires, not a few of the deaths and injuries in residential fires is started by smoldering cigarettes.

Social effects

Accidents- Driving a car under the influence of marijuana can be every bit as dangerous as driving under the influence of alcohol. Not surprisingly, drug users are also three or four times more likely to be involved in accidents at work.

Home- Parents who are distracted by their craving for drugs rarely provide their children with a stable home life. Infant-parent bonding-so vital during the first weeks of a child’s life-can even be inhibited. Many children who grow up in this environment take to the streets or even get involved in drugs themselves.

Employment- Addicted individuals frequently get into debt or may end up losing their jobs either due to absenteeism, truancy or negligence.

Physical Abuse- Drug abuse can also lead to physical abuse-of the minor or of the children. Cannabis especially when combined with alcohol can provoke violent behavior in a person who may otherwise be quite gentle.

Effect on Others – More than ten studies last year showed that passive smoking-inhaling the smoke from the cigarettes of others-caused lung cancer in the non-smoking spouses of smokers. Research indicates that "spouses of smokers are two or three times more likely to get lung cancer than those of non-smokers.” One study “estimated that passive smoking in the United States causes more cancer deaths than all regulated industrial air pollutants combined.

Children with parents who smoke have more colds, influenza, bronchitis, asthma, and pneumonia. Learning ability is damaged in children of mothers who smoke. In India, 39 percent of the women chew tobacco. Underweight babies are the result.

Society- A far greater cost, however, is the social damage drugs do to the community. No price could be put on the disintegration of so many families, the abuse of so many children, the corruption of so many officials, and the premature death of so many people.

Source by Okesola Josiah

from Home Solutions Forev https://homesolutionsforev.com/the-truth-about-tobacco-and-marijuana-2/ via Home Solutions on WordPress from Home Solutions FOREV https://homesolutionsforev.tumblr.com/post/184857396160 via Tim Clymer on Wordpress

#Home Solutions FOREV

[universedesiccant]

Desiccant manufacturers in india

Maybe this is the hottest and useful thing on the planet. It's been used since several years at the manufacturing components. It's also a very crucial thing in pharmaceuticals, compound businesses and so forth. It really is but one of those fundamental items employed in filters. Silica gels can be utilized for adsorption. This is actually a process whereby the impurities from water have been all removed. These impurities collect on the top of protein gel. Thus, silica-gel is quite essential for purification of drinking water. Besides removing impurities, in addition, it adsorbs certain minerals . This also boosts the quality of drinking water. Thus, silica gel can be quite a helpful item. A variety of manufacturers want regular distribution of aloe vera. Thus, it's extremely crucial to possess a silica-gel supplier that offers premium excellent material. Big businesses receive yourself a source of silica gel out of big silica-gel manufacturer businesses. With a normal supply of excellent quality silica-gel, purification procedure is going to be looked after easily. Thus, it's extremely crucial that you acquire yourself a fantastic source of this particular material. There are lots of silica gels, providing businesses. Silica gel can be found in a number of colours and forms. Every one of those variations has their particular benefits. Thus, businesses desire silica dyes in large amounts. Its porous temperament makes it effortless to adsorb impurities onto its own surface. It's affordable and works nicely. These features contribute to its wide usage.

That really is just another helpful material employed in most places. A desiccant is a chemical which aids keeping in mind the environment dry. It lessens the moisture content at the area and so prevents compounds out of shifting thanks to water. That is essential for compounds. Thus, compound businesses use this chemical on a big scale. Such a substance is quite vital in most places. It really is but one of those moisture absorbers. Since water material from the atmosphere can spoil lots of helpful goods, desiccants can be used widely to avoid this from happening. Desiccants generally stop the current presence of water throughout the process known as adsorption. The water molecules accumulate on the face of these chemicals and may therefore be eliminated. Thus giving more life to the substances that might be readily turned into unworthy by responding with water. Because so most places possess moist states, such compounds prove very beneficial for changing the ecological illness. Desiccants play a important part to keep a variety of services and products in good shape. They're an equally significant part storage of such services and products. In most places, they have been also used throughout the chemical reaction between various substances to find the preferred product. Desiccants are likewise an essential chemical in the food market. Ever since packed food could possibly get cluttered in regards in contact with moisture, desiccants have been utilized to avoid this from occurring. There are lots of kinds of these chemicals. Desiccants are utilized dependent on their physiological conditions and their capacity to answer various things. These would be the 2 chief aspects which can be thought before using desiccants. There are various providers of these chemicals. Because so most businesses utilize them, it's crucial to have desiccants from the ideal source. Many fabricating units concentrate for making those substances. Chemical organizations start looking for a trustworthy desiccant supplier. Probably one of the very useful desiccants can be that a molecular sieve. This is definitely an remarkable thing. It's used widely owing to the effective usage as well as result. It's used for specific absorption of particular substances. It's created in a way that it works perfectly to adsorb just tiny molecules. The human body with this sieve contains small pores that will make it hard for larger molecules to experience. Even the smaller molecules are adsorbed that so separated. Thus, it offers contributes to easy methods. These pockets work well in the right separation of items centered on how big these molecules. Ergo, undesired things might be taken out of the blend of numerous substances. There are various kinds of such molecular sieves. They're utilized due to these easy usage. With these kinds of matters, it will become an easy task to distinguish various substances in chemical businesses. They're particularly utilized to distinguish the numerous pollutants from eachother. These things are employed when no other process enables you to different substances from the mix. With good usage, businesses obtain the specified results in several easy ways. All these sieves are available commonly in chemical businesses. For the correct functioning of these sieves, then they have to be produced together with accuracy. The pores of those sieves needs to really be designed in a way they adsorb the ideal molecules. Thus, it's crucial to possess a suitable molecular sieve manufacturer. With the manufacture of such goods, many businesses will benefit by the using such sieves.

As its name implies this really is a card which shows the moisture content from the atmosphere. Since moisture plays a main part in changing their condition of varied services and products, it's necessary to continue to keep this variable under assess. With all these cards, it will become simple to find the ideal moisture information. Thus, the usage of these goes together with the measures used to regulate humidity. All these cards have been made in a manner that they allow it to be simple to grasp the content. It's a moisture sensitive compound that affects whilst the moisture rises. There are lots of complex humidity signs which found in lots of businesses. A whole lot of humidity index cards are created in a way that people discover that it's simple to see the fluctuations in humidity from studying them. There are signs written on these cards. This makes it straightforward to utilize these cards from businesses.

These chemicals require a special reference. They're utilized because of their easy accessibility and effective outcomes. Carbon adsorbents are essentially carbon atoms which consume dirt contaminants. Thus, they're employed at plenty of businesses. Since purification is extremely vital oftentimes, businesses strain on the using premium quality carbon adsorbents. With these kinds of goods, purification turns into a simple endeavor. Thus, it's crucial to make use of carbon adsorbents. Considering these adsorbents different an extensive selection of impurities, their usage is essential. With no, businesses might need to spend money on lots of procedures for removing those impurities.

As cotton is quite decent for its practice of adsorption, it's commonly utilized in chemical businesses. Cotton brings impurities that stay glued to its own surface. This effortless mechanism may be utilised in businesses such as effective separation of varied combinations. Throughout the practice of fabricating a variety of compounds, cotton coils might be useful for dividing the impurities once the ideal product can be available. As they have been available readily, folks utilize them all of the time in numerous businesses. Silk coils are specially found in pharmaceutical and chemical businesses. They aid keep the capsules and tablets at good problems. These cotton coils take advantage of highquality cotton which may withstand pressure and also function well.

Aluminum is found in lots of places. As a result of several options that come with the element, many applications are made as a result. Aluminum tubes are just one item that's truly beneficial. As a result of very low resistance of aluminum, these tubes might be utilized in many chemical businesses. They have been also utilised in construction businesses. In general, these tubes have been found at a great deal of businesses as a result of their simplicity of usage and less reactivity.

Moisture Adsorbing Sheet That is just another item that's used to avoid moisture from destroying materials fabricated in businesses. It's created by hydrocarbons and uses adsorption for producing results. It eliminates the moisture from the services and products, hence keeping them tender. This aids in reducing the consequences of moisture onto the services and products. These sheets come in many manufacturing components. They truly are very popular because of their large surface . These sheets could be changed into horizontal boards too. Thus they have been elastic and also have a great deal of importance. They're used in scenarios where moisture content is quite high.

Concerning Supplier Organizations

These things are utilized on daily basis in most places. With a suitable supplier, compound businesses may benefit into a wonderful scope. Thus, there's obviously a demand to get the successful supplier. With this kind of a supplier, businesses can depend on the fantastic grade of these services and products and get exceptional results. Businesses employing such services and products have a great deal of expectations out of their store. Considering the services and products play a very important part within the manufacturing procedures, they ought to meet all your expectations. Because of this, it's challenging to find the ideal supplier. Many businesses have been in the industry to be the adsorbents supplier. Ever since supplying such items can be quite a significant endeavor, organizations hope, just experienced and expert men and women. If low end services and products are properly used, the creation of these businesses are affected. Thus, to keep up decent quality, substances that provide accomplishment are all used. The history of the supplier organizations is essential. Because there are brand new and advanced services and products coming from the market daily, the supplier corporation needs to be in a position to supply the most useful services and products. With advanced level procedures, businesses can always offer the best outcomes. Thus, new improvements in the compound field needs to be implemented effortlessly. With the usage of complex procedures, energy and time is going to be stored. Chemical science has grown to a fantastic extent. Thus, by means of latest technology and improved procedures, lots of new services and products can be manufactured. It's ideal to get a supplier who's producing a number of merchandise. This will offer many choices to big businesses to pick the merchandise they desire. The supplier of those products ought to have a great comprehension of those. It's going to aid with good production and provide fine results. Thus, obtaining a fantastic supplier is quite crucial.

Selecting the Most Appropriate Products

Another huge choice to make could be the ideal selection of the services and products. As there are lots of adsorption substances, it's very important to pick the proper ones. Each product has its own very own benefit. Predicated on the condition, businesses should find the item which best solves the specified situation. There may be a lot more than 1 product which may fit your job. There are quite a few other things which need to be looked at while deciding upon the adsorbent. The price tag, simple finding the solution and the effect written by it will be a number of the critical facts to think about prior to picking an adsorbent.

Putting It Together

In general, you can find lots of adsorbents to select from. Since adsorption is this a well-researched procedure, you can find lots of products available that may boost this procedure. The need for adsorption has resulted in lots of fresh services and products which may be useful for greater absorption. Numerous properties of those products should know before with them. This is going to lead to better usage and guarantee exemplary work. With the most useful services and products for adsorption, the significance of the resulting products is going to undoubtedly be rather significant. In regions very purity is quite essential, such adsorption procedure is vital. It's in charge of proper products that are finished at the conclusion of most the manufacturing procedures.

Sorbead India could be producer of supreme quality Adsorbents and Desiccant services and products to fulfill up with the maximum caliber and mass desiccants. A few of the Goods are Activated Alumina, Silica Gels, Container Stains, Molecular Sieves and Oxygen Absorbers.

#container desiccant manufacturer #desiccant bags #Desiccant manufacturers in india #desiccant manufacturers in tamilnadu #desiccant manufacturers #desiccant capsules suppliers #desiccant product manufacturer #desiccant pouches manufacturer #manufacturers desiccant silica gel #manufacturers silica gel blue #manufacturers container desiccant #manufacturer container desiccant suppliers

[homesolutionsforev]

The Truth About Tobacco and Marijuana

WHAT ARE THEY?

Substances

Are non food, mood-altering substances that are not deemed medically necessary but that are used in an effort to escape from the problems of life, to get a dreamy feeling, or a sense of well-being or of elation.

Tobacco-An addictive substance containing toxic substances with temporary harmful effects when ingested into the body. Tobacco contains thirty different substances such as nicotine, arsenic, alcohol and ammonia. Nicotine is one of the oldest, the most widely used, and, in the same amounts, stronger and more addictive than cocaine. The euphoric effect of nicotine is the same as morphine and cocaine.

According to one researcher, "tobacco contains as nice a collection of poisons as you will find anywhere. The tobacco used in pipes and cigars contains more nicotine, more cancerous tars, and produces more dangerous carbon monoxide gas than that used in cigarettes.

Marijuana (also known as pot, reefer, grass, ganja, or weed) has been the focus of much controversy among experts.

Marijuana is a drug prepared by drying the leaves, flowering tops, stems and seeds of the hemp plant known as Cannabis sativa. Here, the name sometimes used for it- 'Cannabis' Its common name is "pot." In India it is called bhang. Hashish is another form of cannabis, made from the resin of the plant and usually pressed into the form of blocks or chunks of varying potency. Hashish and an oil made from it are greater strength than marijuana.

For one thing, marijuana is extremely complex; a marijuana cigarette contains over 400 chemical compounds in its smoke. It took doctors over 60 years to realize cigarette smoke causes cancer. It may likewise take decades before anyone knows for sure just what marijuana's 400 compounds do to the human body.

Marijuana smoke, like the smoke from tobacco, consist of a number of toxic substances, such as tars which are only soluble in fat and stored in body tissues, including brain, for weeks and months, like DDT. The storage capacity of tissues for these substances is awesome-which explains their slow deleterious effects in habitual smokers.

WHY TAKE IT?

-Some take these substances to escape from their problems: Failure to develop the skills needed for coping with problems may indeed force an individual to smoking. -To satisfy curiosity -To ease depression or boredom -Peer pressure -For the pleasure of it- -To be with the crowd-to feel, cool, grown-up, sophisticated. -By smoking, teenagers feel independent, whereas they are capitulating to peer pressure.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS

-The quality of family life or rather the lack of it may affect whether young people take it or not -Family breakdown (divorce and separation); Eighty percent of drug addicts have serious family problems. They come from a very repressive or a very permissive family or from a home without a father. " -Emotional conflicts: awareness is an emotionally turbulent period; hence young ones take drugs to escape the turbulence -Substance abusers are also being manipulated by the tobacco companies. The companies know that their future is with the youth. If youths can make addicts in their teens, they will likely be good customers for life.

WHAT EFFECTS?

Vascular- Researcher have further linked smoking with the hardening and general deterioration of small arms. The doctor concluded. Smoking damages these particular sections and makes their walls stiff. So when a pulse of blood comes down, the vessel can not expand (to ease its passage). That would happen in old age anyway, but it happens twice as fast in smokers. "

Blood – Cigarette smoking causes immediate and worsening changes in teens' blood, the kind of changes that lead to early artery problems and heart disease.

Hearing – Smoking poses a "special risk of hearing loss" for "people who work or live in high-noise-level environments." normal "than that of non smokers.

Skin – Smoker's Face- Many doctors believe that smoking may make a person's facial skin look older. The faces of smokers and non-smokers are not very different at age 30. But by 40 and 50 the differences are obvious.

Tooth and bone loss- Smoking is one of the largest factors in teeth loss. Smokers sufferers a greater incidence of tooth and bone loss. They also had a great build-up of plaque and tartar, which collect on the teeth and contribute to gum disease and decay. Smoking causes constriction of the blood vessels in the gum tissue, thus reducing the circulation and speeding up the disease process. "

Heart- Cigarette smoking as the cause of a rare but lethal heart disease named cardio-myopathy. This disease weakens the whole heart muscle, thereby inhibiting proper blood circulation. The result is ever heart failure.

Respiratory-Smokers have a much higher risk of pulmonary complications than surgery than do non-smokers. These include lung collapse and infections leading to such diseases as pneumonia. Some suffer sore throats from smoking cannabis while others suffer from bronchitis. Marijuana users were also found to have bronchial lesions characteristic of the early stages of cancer.

Nervous- Marijuana is damaging to the brain, damaging mental functions, even when a person is not under its immediate influence. It can be said with confidence that marijuana produces acute effects on the brain, including chemical and electrophysiological changes. "Although at present, there is no comprehensive proof that marijuana permanently damages the brain. to "the golden bowl" should not be dismissed lightly.

Marijuana is known "to cause birth defects when administrated in large doses to experimental animals." Whether it has the same effects on humans is that far unproved. It should be remembered, though, that birth defects (such as the one caused by the hormone DES) often take years to manifest themselves. So, what the future holds for the children-and grandchildren-of marijuana smokers remains to be seen.

Cancer- Tobacco causes cancer in the cheeks, gums, and throat. These finds do not surprise experts. One study notes: "Snuff has the highest level of cancer-causing agents of any product taken into the body." No wonder that "long-term snuff users have a 50% greater risk of developing oral cancer than nonusers.

For example, those who regularly chew or dip can get cracked lips, stained teeth, bad breath, and sore gums-nothing to smile about. In addition, their ability to taste and smell decreases while their heartbeat and blood pressure increase.

Whether one chew or suck on moist snuff held between cheek and gum (called dipping), oral cancer, gum disease, and nicotine addiction are inevitable consequences. Cancer develops where the tobacco touches cheek and gum, and the malignancy often spreads to other parts of the body. Smokeless tobacco contains 20 or more cancer-causing nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Nutritional-Smoking destroys the vitamin C that a person takes in from food and drink. Nicotine decreased the ascorbic acid (vitamin C) content of the blood by 24 to 31 percent. Thus smokers are in much greater need of this essential vitamin. This explains why those who smoke generally are more prone to infections than those who do not. For example, smokers are more likely to catch the flu during an epidemic and they usually have it worse than non-smokers. Marijuana produces lower resistance to disease, as well as damage to chromosomes and genes.

Reproductive-Marijuana use has been addressed in lower levels of male sex hormones, which has produced problems related to the male reproductive system

Fetal damage- Smoking during pregnancy damages fetal arteries. This damage is evident with the high incidence of congenital malformations, low birth weights and premature separations among infants of women who smoke.

Even father's smoking may harm fetus. Studies show that when a non-smoking pregnant woman is exposed to the cigarette smoke of other people [such as the father], the fetal blood contains significant amounts of tobacco smoke by-products.

Infants- because the brain's barrier to drugs and the liver, which detoxifies nicotine, are less well developed in infants than in adults, passive smoking is particularly harmful to them. Damages could range from aversion to certain foods, due to nausea caused by tobacco smoke, to sudden infant death syndrome.

Tobacco Hinders Sleep and Memory- Smokers generally find it harder to sleep than non-smokers do, and sleep habits of smokers who suddenly quit dramatically according to researchers.

Life expectancy-Smoking-related diseases are important causes of disability and premature deaths. And as regards cigarette-related fires, not a few of the deaths and injuries in residential fires is started by smoldering cigarettes.

Social effects

Accidents- Driving a car under the influence of marijuana can be every bit as dangerous as driving under the influence of alcohol. Not surprisingly, drug users are also three or four times more likely to be involved in accidents at work.

Home- Parents who are distracted by their craving for drugs rarely provide their children with a stable home life. Infant-parent bonding-so vital during the first weeks of a child's life-can even be inhibited. Many children who grow up in this environment take to the streets or even get involved in drugs themselves.

Employment- Addicted individuals frequently get into debt or may end up losing their jobs either due to absenteeism, truancy or negligence.

Physical Abuse- Drug abuse can also lead to physical abuse-of the minor or of the children. Cannabis especially when combined with alcohol can provoke violent behavior in a person who may otherwise be quite gentle.

Effect on Others – More than ten studies last year showed that passive smoking-inhaling the smoke from the cigarettes of others-caused lung cancer in the non-smoking spouses of smokers. Research indicates that "spouses of smokers are two or three times more likely to get lung cancer than those of non-smokers." One study "estimated that passive smoking in the United States causes more cancer deaths than all regulated industrial air pollutants combined.

Children with parents who smoke have more colds, influenza, bronchitis, asthma, and pneumonia. Learning ability is damaged in children of mothers who smoke. In India, 39 percent of the women chew tobacco. Underweight babies are the result.

Society- A far greater cost, however, is the social damage drugs do to the community. No price could be put on the disintegration of so many families, the abuse of so many children, the corruption of so many officials, and the premature death of so many people.

Source by Okesola Josiah

from Home Solutions Forev https://homesolutionsforev.com/the-truth-about-tobacco-and-marijuana-2/ via Home Solutions on WordPress

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Top 10 Chemicals To Avoid In Your Beauty Care Regimen

We put a special kind of trust in the things that we use to make us beautiful: they are always at our sides and on our vanities. They are one of the first thing we use in the morning and help us get ready for bed at night. But are the components in our beauty care regimen truly deserving of this undying love and trust?

Not always, The product labels are full of complex chemicals names that you can barely pronounce. despite the confusion these substances continue to be used as ingredients in our beauty care products . Here are the top 10 common chemicals to avoid from here on out and why they should be nixed from the process that makes us even more beautiful than before.

Coal Tar Dyes: Used in permanent hair dye and many cosmetics, these chemicals can be identified as C.I and then followed by five numerical digits, or in the US they can be identified by “FD&C” or “DC” and then the name of a color. One that is particularly common in darker hair dyes is called P-phenylenediamine. These dyes are petroleum byproduct and known carcinogens to humans.  At times, they are contaminated by heavy metals or trace amounts of aluminum. In some cases, it can even increase the risks of ADHD. So next time you’re getting your roots touched up, look for a brand that only uses natural dyes.

BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acid): A common ingredient in over the counter moisturizers and makeup,  this chemical interferes with hormone functions. BHA’s are closely related to preservatives in makeups like lipstick and moisturizer to give it a longer shelf life. It’s also under consideration as a potential carcinogen. Because it can seep through the skin it also is prone to inducing allergic reactions. Is that perfect shade of red lipstick really worth all of this?

Formaldehyde – Releasing Preservatives: Formaldehyde causes cancer. No if ands or buts, this is a well-established carcinogen that appears frequently in a wide range of cosmetics from deodorant to nail polish. Some of the most common ones are Methenamine, DMDM, and Quaternium-15. Some studies have shown that you can absorb formaldehyde through your skin, and even though this substance does occur naturally, the compounding amounts used in our beauty care products are beyond the expected exposure levels.

Sodium Laureth Sulfate: Found in your foamy products like cleansers and bubble bath gel, Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) lead to cancer if they become contaminated by 1,4 -dioxane. SLES is detrimental to liver health, and a skin, eyes, and lung irritant. Over-exposure has in some cases been a cause of depression and some researchers suspect that it has the ability to cause the layers of the skin separate from one another and swell, leading to a compromised immune system in your skin. When looking at the ingredients label, be very wary of words with the ending “-eth” (as in laureth). But there is good news to combat this beauty regimen travesty: sulfate free products do not contain this compound, and it’s very trendy to be sulfate free. Just make sure you look for these alternatives.

Parabens: These are easy to spot because if it’s present, it is clearly in an ingredient name: for example there is methylparaben and ethylparaben. Used as a preservative in most cosmetics, it prevents fungal growth; however this chemical isn’t all rainbows and sunshine – parabens are quite toxic and commonly associated with breast cancer. They seep through the skin with ease and interrupt natural hormone functions, typically forcing the body to produce an excess of estrogen – a grower of breast cancer cells – even male hormone functions are affected by this chemical. Not only are your breasts at risk, but when parabens in the skin react with UVB light (found in sunlight) it leads to accelerated skin aging due to increased skin and DNA damage. So your foundation may last for an extended period of time, but your body might as well be in an aging time-lapse machine.

DEA (diethanolamine): DEA can typically be found in your creamy moisturizers, sunscreens, and shampoos. When they bond with the  nitrites – added as an anticorrosive – in cosmetics, they form the nitrosamine carcinogen. Used to create a creamy, sudsy texture and temper the acidity of a product, DEA will irritate the eyes and skin, but high levels exposure have led to thyroid problems and liver cancer. Now it’s not necessary to fear for your life at this point, but you need to monitor the levels of exposure you have to this chemical; look for sunscreen, shampoo, and moisturizer alternatives to incorporate into your routine.

Petrolatum: Curious why this sounds mildly familiar? Maybe you know it by its other name; Petroleum Jelly. Yes, ladies and gentlemen petroleum jelly. Used to lock in the moisture in your skin and lips, this is a common ingredient in moisturizer, lip balm, and hydrating lipstick. Now here is the good news: on its own it is not harmful to you, but if it has been contaminated by PAH’s- the contaminant in mineral oil – then it becomes an issue. Prolonged exposure to contaminated petrolatum can be linked to cancer. So what you need to take away from this is that you need to know the purity of this product before you buy it: if it’s pure then you are 100% in the clear, carry on about your moisturizing.

Mineral Oil: Found in baby oils, lotions, and soaps, this is most harmful if it has been poorly refined. Because mineral oil is commonly contaminated with PAH’s (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: in layman’s terms it’s a probable carcinogen), when it is absorbed by your skin, the chemicals that seep into your body slowly damage your liver. Mineral oil is a byproduct of petroleum that clogs your pores while inhibiting your skin’s ability to get rid of the toxins in your body. Thus, an ingredient that sounds so lovely and natural in fact causes acne and premature wrinkles along with other signs of early aging such as slowing your cell development rates. Let’s find something else to slather on our skin shall we? Perhaps a nice, organic coconut oil.

Triclosan: Used in antibacterial substances in your beauty regimen such as toothpaste, deodorant, cleanser, facial tissues, and even laundry detergent, triclosan is absorbed through the skin and has been found to disrupt your body’s hormone functions and its ability to balance these hormones. You can’t just wash this stuff down the drain and expect it to go away forever: this chemical doesn’t break down into its components with ease and is quite harmful to water environments. Check your ingredients label next time to make sure that you aren’t putting your body at risk when all you want to do is be clean. I know it sounds scary, but there are plenty  of products on the market that will not put your body in danger while you are using them.

Aluminum: Though we love to wrap our food in this metal, it’s best left outside of our bodies.Found commonly in your deodorants, body sprays, and even feminine hygiene products, aluminum has been found as a cause or contributing factor to both Alzheimer’s Disease and breast cancer when excessive exposure has occurred. Aluminum when in the body essentially acts as a pore plug for a short period of time. During the time when this ‘plug’ is in effect, toxins cannot be removed from the body through sweat or oils, and thus the toxins that would be released are sent back into the bloodstream where they can bond to our red and white blood cells and given time, they will have the potential to cause microvascular strokes, which in turn lead to even bigger issues

[Read More ...] http://www.healthfitnessrevolution.com/top-10-chemicals-avoid-beauty-care-regimen/

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cancer and what is causes,symptoms,treatment and type of cancer

Cancer Overview

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the probable to invade or spread to other parts of your body. These comparisons with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body. Practical signs and symptoms add a lump, unusual bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained fat loss and a transformation in bowel motions.  these symptoms may appear in cancer, but some other diseases also show some of these symptoms. Above 100 types of cancers impact humans. Tobacco use is the reason behind about 22% of malignancy deaths. Another 10% is because of obesity, poor diet, insufficient physical activity or increased drinking of alcohol. Other elements include certain infections, contact with ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants. In the developing world, 15% of cancers are because of infections such as for example Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human papillomavirus infections, Epstein-Barr virus, and individual immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These elements take action, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell. Typically, many genetic improvements are required before cancers develop. Approximately 5-10% of cancers are because of inherited genetic defects from someone's parents. Cancer could be detected by certain signs or symptoms or screening tests. It really is then typically additional investigated by medical imaging and verified by biopsy. Many cancers can be avoided by not smoking, maintaining a wholesome weight, not drinking an excessive amount of alcohol, eating a good amount of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, vaccination against certain infectious diseases, not eating an excessive amount of processed and red meat and avoiding an excessive amount of sunlight exposure. Early on detection through screening pays to for cervical and colorectal cancer. The benefits associated with screening in breast cancers are controversial.   Cancer is normally treated with some combo of radiation therapy, medical procedures, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Soreness and symptom operations are a crucial part of care. Palliative treatment is particularly important in people with advanced disease. The chance of survival will depend on the kind of cancer and level of disease at the beginning of treatment. In children under 15 at diagnosis, the five-year survival price in the developed globe is normally 80%. For a tumor in the United States, the common five-year survival rate is 66%. In 2015, about 90.5 million people got cancer. About 14.1 million new cases occur a year (excluding skin cancer apart from melanoma).  The most common types of cancer in men are lung cancer, prostate cancers, colorectal cancer and stomach cancers. In females, the most frequent types are breast cancers, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and cervical cancer. If epidermis cancer apart from melanoma was contained in total new cancer situations each year, it would take into account around 40% of conditions.   In children, severe lymphoblastic leukemia and human brain tumors are most prevalent, except in Africa where non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more regularly. The chance of cancer increases drastically with age, and several cancers occur additionally in developed countries. Rates are increasing as more persons live to a vintage age and as changes in lifestyle occur in the developing environment. The financial costs of cancer were estimated at $1.16 trillion USD annually as of 2010.    

OVERVIEW

Cancer Causes

Cancer is a complex band of conditions with many possible causes. In this section, you can find out more on the regarded and possible causes of cancer, along with general information regarding carcinogens and how genetics are likely involved in cancer. Cancer is caused by adjustments (mutations) to the DNA within cells. The DNA in the cell can be packaged into a sizable number of individual genes, each of which contains a set of guidance telling the cell what capabilities to execute, as well as how to grow and divide. Errors in the recommendations can cause the cell to stop its normal function and may allow a cell to be cancerous. What do gene mutations do? A gene mutation can instruct a wholesome cell to: Allow quick growth. A gene mutation can notify a cell to expand and divide quicker. This creates many latest cells that all have that same mutation. Fail to stop uncontrolled cell development. Normal cells know when to avoid growing in order that you have the ideal number of each kind of cell. Cancers cells lose the handles (tumor suppressor genes) that inform them when to stop growing. A mutation in a tumor suppressor gene allows cancer cells to keep growing and accumulating. Make mistakes when fixing DNA errors. DNA service genes search for errors in a cell's DNA and make corrections. A mutation in a DNA service gene may mean that different errors aren't corrected, leading cells to become cancerous. These mutations are the most frequent ones within cancer. But a great many other gene mutations can donate to causing cancer. What causes gene mutations? Gene mutations may occur for many reasons, for instance: Gene mutations you're born with. You may well be born with a genetic mutation that you inherited from your own parents. This sort of mutation accounts for a small percentage of cancers. Gene mutations that occur after birth. Most gene mutations appear after you're born and aren't inherited. Several forces could cause gene mutations, such as for example smoking, radiation, viruses, cancer-causing chemicals (carcinogens), obesity, hormones, long-term inflammation, and too little exercise. Gene mutations occur frequently during regular cell growth. However, cells include a mechanism that recognizes whenever a mistake occurs and maintenance the mistake. Occasionally, a mistake is missed. This could result in a cell to become cancerous.   How do gene mutations interact with each other? The gene mutations you're born with and those that you acquire during your life work together to cause cancer. For instance, if you have inherited a genetic mutation that predisposes you to cancer, that doesn't mean you're sure to get cancer. Rather, you may need a number of other gene mutations to reason cancer tumor. Your inherited gene mutation will make you much more likely than other people to build up tumor when exposed to a certain cancer-causing substance. It's not clear how many mutations must accumulate for cancer to form. It's likely that varies among cancer types.

Chemicals which cause cancer

Exposure to particular substances has been linked to specific types of cancer. These chemicals are called carcinogens. Tobacco smoke, for example, causes 90% of lung tumor. It also causes tumor in the larynx, head, neck, belly, bladder, kidney, esophagus and pancreas. Tobacco smoke contains over fifty known carcinogens, incorporating nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Tobacco is accountable for about one in five cancers deaths worldwide and about one in three found in the developed world. Lung cancer death rates in the USA have mirrored smoking habits, with increases in smoking accompanied by dramatic increases in lung cancer death costs and, recently, decreases in smoking prices since the 1950s followed by reduces in lung cancer death rates in men since 1990. In Western European countries, 10% of cancers in males and 3% of cancers in females are attributed to alcohol exposure, especially liver and digestive system cancers. Cancer from work-related chemical exposures could cause between 2 and 20% of cases, triggering at least 200,000 deaths. Cancers such as lung cancer and mesothelioma can come from inhaling tobacco smoke or asbestos fibers, or leukemia from contact with benzene.

Exercise

Diet plan, physical inactivity, and obesity happen to be linked to up to 30-35% of cancer deaths. In America, excess body weight is associated with the development of several types of malignancy and is one factor in 14-20% of cancers deaths. A UK research including data on over 5 million persons showed higher human body mass index to be linked to at least 10 types of tumor and responsible for around 12,000 situations each year in that region. Physical inactivity is thought to contribute to cancer risk, not merely through its effect on body weight but also through unwanted effects on the disease fighting capability and endocrine system. Over fifty percent of the result from a diet is due to overnutrition (eating an excessive amount of), rather than from eating too little vegetables or other healthful foods.

Some specific foods are associated with specific cancers

. A high-salt diet is associated with gastric cancer. Aflatoxin B1, a good frequent food contaminant, triggers liver cancer tumor. Betel nut chewing could cause oral cancer. National differences in dietary practices may partly make clear differences in tumor incidence. For example, gastric cancer is more common in Japan because of its high-salt diet while cancer of the colon is more prevalent in the United States. Immigrant cancer tumor profiles develop mirror that of their new country, often within one generation.

INFECTION

Worldwide approximately 18% of cancers deaths are linked to infectious diseases. This proportion ranges from a higher of 25% in Africa to less than 10% in the developed world. Infections are the usual infectious brokers that cause cancer but cancer bacteria and parasites could also play a role. Oncoviruses (viruses that may cause cancer) include human being papillomavirus (cervical cancer tumor), Epstein-Barr virus (B-cell lymphoproliferative disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (Kaposi's sarcoma and major effusion lymphomas), hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections (hepatocellular carcinoma) and people T-cell leukemia virus-1 (T-cell leukemias). Infection may also increase the risk of cancer, as observed in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinoma. Parasitic infections associated with cancer involve Schistosoma haematobium (squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder) and the liver flukes, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis (cholangiocarcinoma).

RADIATION

Up to 10% of invasive cancers are related to radiation publicity, including both ionizing radiation and non-ionizing ultraviolet radiation. On top of that, the majority of non-invasive cancers are non-melanoma epidermis cancers caused by non-ionizing ultraviolet radiation, mostly from natural light. Sources of ionizing radiation involve medical imaging and radon gas. Ionizing radiation is not an especially strong mutagen. Residential contact with radon gas, for instance, has similar cancer hazards as passive smoking. Radiation is certainly a more potent way to obtain cancer when coupled with other cancer-causing agents, such as radon plus tobacco smoke. Radiation could cause cancer in most areas of the body, in all animals and at any years. Children and adolescents are doubly likely to develop radiation-induced leukemia as men and women; radiation exposure before birth has ten instances the effect. Medical make use of ionizing radiation is a small but growing way to obtain radiation-induced cancers. Ionizing radiation enables you to treat other cancers, but this might, in some cases, induce another form of cancer. It is also used in some varieties of medical imaging. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight can bring about melanoma and different skin malignancies. Clear data establishes ultraviolet radiation, specifically the non-ionizing channel wave UVB, as the reason for most non-melanoma pores and skin cancers, which will be the most common kinds of cancer in the world. Non-ionizing radio rate of recurrence radiation from mobile phones, energy transmission, and other similar sources have been referred to as a practical carcinogen by the Globe Health Organization's International Organization for Research on Cancer. Even so, studies have not really found a consistent link between cell phone radiation and cancer risk.  

Physical agents

Some substances cause cancer generally through their physical, rather than chemical, effects. A prominent exemplary case of this is prolonged exposure to asbestos, obviously occurring mineral fibers that are a major cause of mesothelioma (cancer tumor of the serous membrane) generally the serous membrane encircling the lungs. Other chemicals in this category, including both naturally occurring and synthetic asbestos-like fibers, such as for example wollastonite, attapulgite, cup wool, and rock wool, are believed to have similar effects. Non-fibrous particulate materials that reason cancer involve powdered metallic cobalt and nickel and crystalline silica (quartz, cristobalite, and tridymite). Generally, physical carcinogens must get inside the body (such as for example through inhalation) and need years of contact with produce cancer. Physical trauma leading to cancer is relatively rare. Claims that breaking bones led to bone cancer, for instance, have not shown. Similarly, physical trauma is not accepted just as a cause for cervical cancer, breast cancer or brain cancer. One accepted source is frequent, long-term application of hot things to the body. It's possible that repeated burns on a single part of the human body, such as for example those made by kanger and Kairo heaters (charcoal hand warmers), may produce epidermis cancer, particularly if carcinogenic chemicals are also present. Frequent consumption of scalding sizzling hot tea may produce esophageal cancers. Generally, it is believed that cancers arise, or a pre-existing cancer is encouraged, through the process of healing, instead of directly by the trauma. However, repeated injuries to the same tissues might promote increased cell proliferation, which could then increase the probability of a cancerous mutation. Inflammation can donate to the proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and migration of cancer tumor cells by influencing the tumor microenvironment. Oncogenes build up an inflammatory pro-tumorigenic microenvironment.

Hormones

Some hormones are likely involved in the development of cancers by promoting cell proliferation. Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins take up a key role in tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, suggesting practical involvement in carcinogenesis. Hormones are important agents found in sex-related cancers, such as for example cancer of the breasts, endometrium, prostate, ovary, and testis and in addition to thyroid cancers and bone cancer. For instance, the daughters of women who have breast cancer have considerably higher degrees of estrogen and progesterone compared to the daughters of females without breast cancer. These larger hormone levels may describe their higher threat of breast cancer, also in the lack of a breast-cancer gene. In the same way, males of African ancestry have substantially higher levels of testosterone than guys of European ancestry and have a correspondingly more impressive range of prostate cancer. Males of Asian ancestry, with the lowest degrees of testosterone-activating androstanediol glucuronide, possess the cheapest levels of prostate cancer. Other elements are relevant: obese people have higher degrees of some hormones associated with cancer and an increased rate of those cancers. Women of all ages who take hormone replacement remedy have a higher risk of developing cancers connected with those hormones. Alternatively, people who exercise a lot more than average have lower levels of these hormones and lower risk of cancer. Osteosarcoma could be promoted by hgh. Some treatments and prevention techniques leverage this reason by artificially reducing hormone amounts and therefore discouraging hormone-sensitive cancers.    

causes of cancer

Autoimmune diseases

There is an association around celiac disease and an increased risk of all cancers. People with the untreated celiac disease have a higher risk, but this risk decreases as time passes after diagnosis and strict treatment, probably as a result of the adoption of a gluten-no cost diet, which seems to get a protective role against the expansion of malignancy in persons with celiac disease. Even so, the delay in diagnosis and initiation of a gluten-free diet plan seems to increase the threat of malignancies. Costs of gastrointestinal cancers are heightened in people with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, due to chronic inflammation. As well, immunomodulators and biologic brokers used to take care of these diseases may promote growing extra-intestinal malignancies.    

Classification of cancer

Cancers are actually classified by the sort of cell that the tumor cells resemble and is therefore presumed to come to be the foundation of the tumor. These kinds include: Carcinoma: Cancers derived from epithelial cells. This group contains many of the most prevalent cancers and include nearly those in the breast, prostate, lung, pancreas, and colon. Sarcoma: Cancers arising from connective tissue (we.e. bone, cartilage, excess fat, nerve), each which develops from cells while it began with mesenchymal cells beyond your bone marrow. Lymphoma and leukemia: These two classes arise from hematopoietic (blood-forming) cells that keep the marrow and have a tendency to mature in the lymph nodes and blood, respectively. Germ cell tumor: Cancers produced from pluripotent cells, most often presenting in the testicle or perhaps the ovary (seminoma and dysgerminoma, respectively). Blastoma: Cancers produced from immature "precursor" cells or perhaps embryonic tissue. Cancers are usually named using -carcinoma, -sarcoma or -blastoma as a suffix, with the Latin or perhaps Greek phrase for the organ or cells of origin as the root. For instance, cancers of the liver parenchyma arising from malignant epithelial cells are called hepatocarcinoma, while a malignancy due to primitive liver precursor cells is named a hepatoblastoma and cancer arising from fat cells is named a liposarcoma. For some common cancers, the English organ brand is used. For example, the most frequent type of breast tumor is named ductal carcinoma of the breasts. Here, the adjective ductal identifies the appearance of cancer beneath the microscope, which suggests that it has started in the milk ducts. Benign tumors (that are not cancers) are actually named using -oma as a suffix with the organ name as the root. For instance, a benign tumor of steady muscle cells has named a leiomyoma (the common name of this frequently occurring benign tumor in the uterus is certainly fibroid). Confusingly, some types of cancer utilize the -noma suffix, illustrations including melanoma and seminoma. Some types of cancers are named for the size and form of the cells in a microscope, such as for example giant cell carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, and small-cell carcinoma.    

CLASSIFICATION OF CANCER

Risk factors

  While doctors have a good idea of what may boost your risk of cancer, nearly all cancers occur in persons who don't have any known risk factors. Elements known to increase your risk of cancer include: Your age Cancer can take decades to build up. That's why most people identified as having cancer are 65 or older. While it's more prevalent in older adults, malignancy isn't exclusively an adult disease - cancer can be diagnosed at any age. Your habits Certain lifestyle choices are known to increase your threat of cancer. Smoking, drinking multiple alcoholic drinks a working day (for women of most ages and men over the age of age group 65) or two beverages a day (for men get older 65 and younger), excessive contact with sunlight or frequent blistering sunburns, obesity, and having unprotected sex can contribute to cancer. You can change these habits to lessen your risk of cancer - through some habits are simpler to change than others. Your family history Only a small portion of cancers are because of an inherited condition. If a tumor is common in your loved ones, it is possible that mutations are staying passed from one generation to another. You might be a prospect for genetic assessment to see whether you have inherited mutations that may increase your threat of certain cancers. Understand that having an inherited genetic mutation doesn't invariably mean you'll get cancer. Your health conditions Some chronic well-being conditions, such as for example ulcerative colitis, can markedly boost your threat of developing certain cancers. Speak to your doctor about your risk. Your environment The environment around you might contain harmful chemicals that can increase your risk of cancer. Even when you don't smoke, you may inhale secondhand smoke if you go where people are smoking or if you live with somebody who smokes. Chemicals in your home or workplace, such as for example asbestos and benzene, also are associated with an increased risk of cancer.  

RISK FACTORS OF CANCER

Cancer Symptoms

Cancer often does not have any specific symptoms, so that it is important that persons limit their risk elements and undergo appropriate cancer screening. Most cancer screening is specific to particular age groups as well as your primary health care doctor will know very well what screening to perform depending on your age. People who have risk factors for cancer (for instance, smokers, heavy alcohol use, large sun exposure, genetics) ought to be acutely aware of potential cancer symptoms and become evaluated by a physician if any develop. The simplest way to fight cancers is normally by avoidance (eliminating or decreasing risk factors) and early detection. Consequently, individuals have to know which symptoms might indicate cancer. People shouldn't ignore a warning symptom that may lead to early on diagnosis and perhaps to a cure. A persistent cough or blood-tinged saliva. These symptoms usually represent straightforward infections such as for example bronchitis or sinusitis. A person with a nagging cough that lasts more than a month or with bloodstream in the mucus that's coughed up should see a medical expert. A change in bowel habits Most changes in bowel practices are related to your daily diet and fluid intake. Doctors sometimes find pencil-thin stools with cancer of the colon. Sometimes, cancer exhibits continuous diarrhea. Some people with cancer feel like they have to have bowel movements but still feel that way after they have had a bowel movement. If these abnormal bowel complaints last lots of days, they require evaluation. A substantial change in bowel patterns that cannot be easily explained by dietary adjustments needs to be evaluated. Blood in the stool A healthcare provider always should investigate blood in your stool. Hemorrhoids frequently cause anal bleeding, but because hemorrhoids are so general, they may exist with cancer. Therefore, even when you have hemorrhoids, you ought to have a doctor test your entire intestinal tract once you have blood in your bowel movements. With some individuals, X-ray studies may be plenty of to clarify a diagnosis. Colonoscopy is normally recommended. Routine colonoscopy, even without symptoms, is preferred once you happen to be 50 years old. Sometimes when the foundation of bleeding is totally clear (for instance, recurrent ulcers), these studies might not be needed. Unexplained anemia (low blood count) Anemia is a condition where people have less than the expected quantity of red blood cells in their blood. Anemia should be investigated. There are many sorts of anemia, but the loss of blood almost always causes iron insufficiency anemia. Unless there is an obvious resource of the ongoing loss of blood, this anemia must be explained. Many cancers can cause anemia, but bowel cancers mostly cause iron insufficiency anemia. Evaluation will include endoscopy or X-ray analyses of your top and lower intestinal tracts. Breast lump or breast discharge Most breasts lumps are noncancerous tumors such as fibroadenomas or cysts. But all breasts lumps have to be thoroughly investigated.   A negative mammogram result isn't usually sufficient to evaluate a breast lump. Your doctor needs to determine the appropriate X-ray study which might involve an MRI or an ultrasound of the breast. Discharge from a breast is common, however, many forms of discharge may be signs of malignancy. If a discharge is usually bloody or from only 1 nipple, further evaluation is preferred. Women should conduct monthly breast self-examinations. Lumps in the testicles. Most men (90%) with cancer of the testicle possess a painless or uncomfortable lump on a testicle. Some men have an enlarged testicle. Other conditions, such as infections and swollen veins, may also cause changes on your testicles, but any lump ought to be evaluated. Men are advised to conduct monthly testicular self-examinations. A change in urination Urinary symptoms range from frequent urination, small amounts of urine, and gradual urine flow or an over-all change in bladder function. These symptoms can be due to urinary infections (usually in women) or, in men, by an enlarged prostate gland. Most men will suffer from harmless prostate enlargement because they age and will frequently have these urinary symptoms. These symptoms could also signal prostate cancer. Men experiencing urinary symptoms want further investigation, possibly including bloodstream tests and a digital rectal exam. The PSA bloodstream test, its indications, and interpretation of results should be discussed with your doctor. If cancer is suspected, a biopsy of the prostate could be needed. Malignancy of the bladder and pelvic tumors may also cause discomfort of the bladder and urinary rate of recurrence. Blood in the urine Hematuria or blood in the urine can be due to urinary infection, kidney stones, or other causes. Any episode of blood on the urine should be investigated Hoarseness Hoarseness not caused by a respiratory infection or perhaps that lasts longer than 3 to 4 weeks should be evaluated. Hoarseness can be due to simple allergy or perhaps by vocal cord polyps, nonetheless, it may be the first sign of cancers of the throat. Persistent lumps or swollen glands Lumps most frequently represent harmless conditions, for instance, a benign cyst. A healthcare provider should examine any different lump or a lump that won't go away. Lumps may represent cancer or a swollen lymph gland linked to cancer. Lymph nodes swell from contamination and other causes and may have weeks to shrink again. A good lump or gland that remains swollen for 3 to 4 weeks should be evaluated. Obvious change on a wart or a mole Multicolored moles that contain irregular edges or bleed could be cancerous. Larger moles are extra worrisome and should be evaluated, especially if they appear to be enlarging. Removing a mole is often simple.  The doctor will send it for evaluation under a microscope for epidermis cancer. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing Most persons with chronic heartburn usually do not have serious problems. People who suffer from chronic or lasting symptoms despite using over-the-counter antacids might need to have a top GI endoscopy. A condition called Barrett's esophagus, which can bring about cancer of the esophagus could be treated with medication and monitored by a doctor. Difficulty swallowing is a universal problem, especially in seniors, and has many causes. Swallowing problems should be investigated because the diet is always important. Difficulty swallowing solids is seen with cancer of the esophagus. Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge Uncommon vaginal bleeding or bloody discharge may be an early signal of cancer of the uterus. Women ought to be evaluated when they possess bleeding after intercourse or bleeding between periods. Bleeding that comes home, that lasts two or more days longer than expected, or that's heavier than usual also merits medical examination. Postmenopausal bleeding, unless expected about hormone therapy, is also worrisome and really should be evaluated. Usually, the evaluation will include an endometrial biopsy, when a doctor takes a tiny tissue sample from inside uterus for testing. A Pap smear ought to be part of each woman's routine medical care. Unexpected weight damage, night sweats, or fever These nonspecific symptoms could possibly be present with a number of different types of cancer. Various infections can cause similar symptoms (for instance, tuberculosis). Continued itching on the anal or genital area Precancerous or cancerous conditions of the skin of the genital or anal areas can cause persistent itching. Some cancers cause pores and skin changes. Countless infections or skin conditions (for example, fungal infections or psoriasis) can also cause these symptoms. If itching will not stop with over-the-counter topical medicines, your physician should inspect the area. Nonhealing sores Sores generally heal quickly. If an area fails to heal, you may have cancers and should see a medical expert. Nonhealing sores in the mouth area or persistent white or reddish patches on your own gums, tongue, or tonsils will be also should raise concerns. Some nonhealing sores may be due to poor circulation (for instance, diabetic foot ulcers). Headaches Headaches have many causes (for instance, migraines, aneurysms) but cancer isn't a common one. An extreme unrelenting headache that feels different from usual could be a sign of cancer, but aneurysms may within the same way. If your headache fails to improve with over-the-counter medicines, see a doctor promptly. Back pain, pelvic pain, bloating, or indigestion They are common symptoms of lifestyle, often related to food intake, muscle spasms or strains, nonetheless, they also can be seen in ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer is especially difficult to treat because it is certainly frequently diagnosed late throughout the disease. The American Cancer World and other organizations have been trying to make both patients and physicians more aware and think about this diagnosis if the classic symptoms are present.    

SYMPTOMS  

Complications

Cancer and its treatment could cause several complications, including: Pain. Pain can be due to cancer or by tumor treatment, though not absolutely all cancer is painful. Prescription drugs and other approaches can properly treat cancer-related pain. Fatigue. Fatigue in people with cancer has many causes, but it can frequently be managed. Difficulty breathing. Cancer or cancers treatment may cause a feeling to be short of breath. Procedures may bring relief. Nausea. Certain cancers and cancers treatments could cause nausea. Your doctor will often predict if your treatment will probably cause nausea. Medications and different treatments may help you prevent or lower nausea. Diarrhea or constipation. Tumor and cancer treatment make a difference your bowels and reason diarrhea or constipation. Weight loss. Cancer and tumor treatment could cause weight loss. Tumor steals food from common cells and deprives them of nutrition. This is often not affected by just how many calorie consumptions or what kind of foodstuff is eaten; it's complicated to treat. Generally, using artificial diet through tubes into the stomach or vein does not help change the weight damage. Chemical changes within you. Cancer can upset the standard chemical balance within your body and raise your threat of serious complications. Signs or symptoms of chemical substance imbalances might include high thirst, regular urination, constipation, and confusion. Brain and nervous system problems. Cancer can press on close by nerves and distress and damage of function of one part of your body. Cancer that involves the mind could cause headaches and stroke-like signs and symptoms, such as weakness on one side of your body. Unusual disease fighting capability reactions to cancer. In some instances, the body's disease-fighting capability may react to the occurrence of cancer by attacking healthful cells. Known as a paraneoplastic syndrome, these very rare reactions can bring about a variety of signs or symptoms, such as for example difficulty walking and seizures. Cancer that spreads. As cancers advances, it could spread (metastasize) to other areas of your body. Where cancer spreads is determined by the type of cancer. Cancer that returns. Cancers survivors have a threat of cancer tumor recurrence. Some cancers will recur than others. Ask your physician in what you can do to reduce your risk of cancer recurrence. Your doctor may devise a follow-up care arrange for you after treatment. This course of action can include periodic scans and examinations in the months and years after your treatment, to look for cancer recurrence.    

COMPLICATIONS  

HISTORY

Cancer has existed for most of human history. The earliest written record regarding cancer is from circa 1600 BC in the Egyptian Edwin Smith Papyrus and describes breasts cancer. Hippocrates (ca. 460 BC - ca. 370 BC) described several varieties of cancer, referring to them with the Greek term karkinos (crab or crayfish). This name originates from the looks of the cut surface area of a good malignant tumor, with "the veins stretched on all sides as the pet the crab features its feet, whence it derives its brand". In the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries, it became acceptable for doctors to dissect bodies to find the reason for death. The German professor Wilhelm Fabry thought that breast cancer was the effect of a milk clot in a mammary duct. The Dutch professor Francois de la Boe Sylvius, a follower of Descartes, believed that disease was the results of chemical techniques and that acidic lymph fluid was the cause of cancer. His modern-day Nicolaes Tulp believed that cancers were a poison that gradually spreads and figured it was contagious. Hill described tobacco as the cause of cancer in 1761. This was followed by the report in 1775 by British surgeon Percivall Pott that chimney sweeps' carcinoma, cancer of the scrotum, was a common disease among chimney sweeps. With the widespread usage of the microscope in the 18th century, it was uncovered that the 'cancer poison' pass on from the primary tumor through the lymph nodes to other sites ("metastasis"). This viewpoint of the disease was first formulated by the English cosmetic surgeon Campbell De Morgan between 1871 and 1874.    

HISTORY    

Prevention

There's no certain method to prevent cancer. But doctors have discovered several ways of reducing your cancer risk, such as for example: Stop smoking. If you smoke, quit. Unless you smoke, don't start. Smoking is normally linked to various kinds of cancer - not only lung cancer. Stopping today will reduce your risk of malignancy in the future. Avoid excessive sun exposure. Harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun can increase your threat of skin cancers. Limit your sun exposure by residing in the shade, using protective clothing or applying sunscreen. Eat a healthy diet. Select a diet rich in fruit and veggies. Select whole grains and lean proteins. Exercise most days of the week. Regular exercise is linked to less risk of cancer.  In the event that you haven't been exercising on a regular basis, begin slowly and work the right path up to 30 minutes or longer. Maintain a healthy weight. Being overweight or obese may boost your risk of cancer. Function to achieve and maintain a wholesome weight through a combination of a healthy diet and regular exercise.   Drink alcohol in moderation, in the event that you choose to drink. If you choose to consume alcohol, limit you to ultimately one drink a moment if you're a female of any age group or a man more than years 65, or two beverages a day if you're a man 65 years old or young. Schedule cancer screening exams. Speak to your doctor in what types of tumor screening exams are greatest for you based on your risk factors. Ask your physician about immunizations. Certain viruses boost your risk of tumor. Immunizations may help prevent those infections, including hepatitis B, which increases the threat of liver cancer, and individual papillomavirus (HPV), which escalates the threat of cervical cancer and various other cancers. Ask your physician whether immunization against these viruses is appropriate for you.    

PREVENTTION

Screening

Unlike diagnostic efforts prompted by symptoms and medical signals, cancer screening involves efforts to detect cancer after it has formed, but before any noticeable symptoms appear. This might involve physical examination, bloodstream or urine testing or medical imaging. Cancer screening is not designed for many types of cancers. Even though tests are available, they might not exactly be recommended for everybody. General screening or mass screening includes screening everyone.  Several factors are believed to determine whether the benefits of screening outweigh the hazards and the expenses of screening. These factors include: Likely harms from the screening test: for example, X-ray images involve contact with potentially harmful ionizing radiation The likelihood of the test effectively identifying cancer Possible harms from follow-up procedures Whether suitable treatment is available Whether early detection improves treatment outcomes If cancer will ever need treatment Whether the check is acceptable to the people: If a screening check is too burdensome (for example, extremely painful), then persons will refuse to participate. Cost.    

TREATMENT

Many treatment options for cancer exist. The principal kinds include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation remedy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, and palliative care. Which therapies are used depends on the type, location, and quality of cancer plus the patient's health and tastes. The procedure intent may or may well not be curative.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is the treatment of the tumor with a number of cytotoxic anti-neoplastic drugs (chemotherapeutic brokers) as part of a standardized regimen. The word encompasses a selection of drugs, which are split into broad categories such as alkylating brokers and antimetabolites. Traditional chemotherapeutic brokers act by eliminating cells that divide rapidly, a crucial property of all cancer cells. Targeted therapy is a sort of chemotherapy that targets particular molecular dissimilarities between cancer and common cells.  Another common example is the school of Bcr-Abl inhibitors, which are being used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Presently, targeted therapies exist for most of the most common cancer types, including bladder cancers, breast cancer, colorectal tumor, kidney cancer, leukemia, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphoma, pancreatic cancers, prostate cancer, skin cancers, and thyroid cancer along with other cancer types. The efficacy of chemotherapy depends upon the kind of cancer and the stage. In combination with surgery, chemotherapy has tested useful in cancers types including breast tumor, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancers, osteogenic sarcoma, testicular cancer, ovarian cancer, and selected lung cancers. Chemotherapy is normally curative for some cancers, such as some leukemias, ineffective in a few human brain tumors, and needless in others, such as for example most non-melanoma epidermis cancers. The potency of chemotherapy is often limited by its toxicity to other cells within the body. Even when chemotherapy will not provide a permanent remedy, it may be beneficial to reduce symptoms such as for example pain or to reduce the size of an inoperable tumor in the desire that surgery can be possible in the future.

Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy involves the utilization of ionizing radiation so that they can either cure or perhaps improve symptoms. It functions by damaging the DNA of cancerous tissue, killing it. To spare common tissues (such as skin or organs, which radiation must go through to treat the tumor), designed radiation beams happen to be aimed from multiple publicity angles to intersect at the tumor, providing a much larger dose there than in the encompassing, healthy tissue. As with chemotherapy, cancers vary within their response to radiation therapy. The radiation could be either from internal resources (brachytherapy) or external sources. Rays is most commonly low strength x-rays for treating epidermis cancers, while higher strength x-rays are used for cancers in the body. Radiation is commonly used in addition to medical procedures and or chemotherapy. For several types of cancer, such as early head and neck malignancy, it might be used alone. For unpleasant bone metastasis, it's been found to work in about 70% of patients.

Surgery

Surgery is the primary approach to treatment for most isolated, solid cancers and could play a role found in palliation and prolongation of survival. It really is typically a crucial part of definitive medical diagnosis and staging of tumors, as biopsies usually are required. In localized cancer, medical procedures typically attempt to remove the complete mass along with, in certain situations, the lymph nodes in the region. For some types of cancer, this is sufficient to remove cancer.  

Palliative care

Palliative care identifies the treatment that attempts to greatly help the patient look and feel better and could be combined with an effort to treat cancer. Palliative attention includes action to reduce physical, mental, spiritual and psycho-public distress. Unlike treatment that's aimed at directly killing cancers cells, the principal goal of palliative attention is to boost the quality of life. People at all levels of cancer tumor treatment typically receive some sort of palliative care. Occasionally, medical specialty professional organizations advise that patients and physicians react to cancer only with palliative care. This applies to patients who: display low-performance position, implying limited ability to care for themselves received no reap the benefits of prior evidence-based treatments are not eligible to take part in any appropriate clinical trial no strong evidence means that treatment would be effective Palliative care could be confused with hospice and therefore only indicated when persons approach the end of life. Like hospice attention, palliative care attempts to greatly help the individual cope with their immediate necessities and to increase relaxation. Unlike hospice care, palliative care does not require people to avoid treatment targeted at cancer. Multiple countrywide medical guidelines recommend early on palliative care for patients whose cancer has produced distressing symptoms or who must help to cope with their illness. In people first diagnosed with metastatic disease, palliative care could be immediately indicated. Palliative attention is indicated for patients with a prognosis of significantly less than 12 months of life even given aggressive treatment.

Immunotherapy

Various therapies using immunotherapy, stimulating or helping the disease fighting capability to fight cancer, have come into use since 1997. Methods include antibodies, checkpoint remedy, and adoptive cell transfer.

Laser therapy

Laser remedy uses high-intensity light to take care of cancer by shrinking or perhaps destroying tumors or precancerous growths. Lasers are mostly used to treat superficial cancers that happen to be on the top of the body or the liner of internal organs. It is used to take care of basal cell skin malignancy and the very first stages of others like cervical, penile, vaginal, vulvar, and non-tiny cell lung cancers. It can often be combined with other treatment options, such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation remedy. Laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT), or interstitial laser photocoagulation, uses lasers to take care of some cancers employing hyperthermia, which uses heating to shrink tumors by damaging or killing tumor cells. A laser is more specific than surgery and causes less destruction, soreness, bleeding, swelling, and scarring. A disadvantage is surgeons will need to have specialized training. It might be more expensive than other treatments.

Alternative medicine

Complementary and alternative cancer treatments are a diverse band of therapies, practices, and products that are not part of conventional medicine."Complementary medicine" identifies methods and chemicals used along with conventional medicine, while "alternative medicine" identifies compounds used instead of conventional medicine. Just about all complementary and alternative medications for cancer have certainly not been studied or tested using conventional techniques such as clinical trials. Some alternative procedures have been investigated and shown to be ineffective but nonetheless continue being marketed and promoted.

Economic effect

The total healthcare expenditure on cancer in the US was estimated to be $80.2 billion in 2015. Even though cancer-related healthcare expenditure has increased incomplete conditions during recent decades, the share of health expenditure specialized in cancer treatment has remained close to 5% between your 1960s and 2004. A similar pattern has been seen in Europe where about 6% of most healthcare expenditure is allocated to cancer treatment. Furthermore to healthcare expenditure, the tumor causes indirect costs with regards to productivity losses because of lost work times and premature death, and also informal treatment. Indirect costs are typically estimated to exceed the medical care costs of cancer.

Pregnancy

Cancer influences approximately 1 in 1,000 pregnant women. The most frequent cancers found during pregnancy will be the same as the most frequent cancers within non-pregnant women during childbearing age groups: breast cancer, cervical malignancy, leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, ovarian cancers, and colorectal cancer. Diagnosing fresh cancer in a pregnant female is difficult, partly because any symptoms are generally assumed to become a normal discomfort connected with pregnancy. Because of this, cancer is typically learned at a somewhat later level than average. Some imaging techniques, such as for example MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging), CT scans, ultrasounds and mammograms with fetal shielding are believed safe during pregnancy; some others, such as PET scans, are not. Treatment is generally exactly like for non-pregnant women. On the other hand, radiation and radioactive medicines are normally avoided during pregnancy, particularly if the fetal dosage might go beyond 100 cGy. In some instances, some or all treatments happen to be postponed until after birth if the tumor is certainly diagnosed late in the pregnancy. Early deliveries can be used to advance the beginning of treatment. Surgery is normally safe, but pelvic surgeries through the first trimester could cause miscarriage. Some treatments, especially certain chemotherapy drugs given during the first trimester, raise the risk of birth defects and pregnancy damage (spontaneous abortions and stillbirths). Elective abortions are not needed and, for the most frequent forms and stages of the tumor, do not enhance the mother's survival. In a few occasions, such as advanced uterine malignancy, the pregnancy cannot be continuing and in others, the patient may end the pregnancy to ensure that she can get started aggressive chemotherapy. Some treatments can interfere with the mother's capability to give birth vaginally or to breastfeed. Cervical cancer may necessitate birth by Caesarean section. Radiation to the breasts reduces the ability of that breast to produce milk and increases the threat of mastitis. Likewise, when chemotherapy is provided after birth, many of the drugs come in breast milk, that could harm the baby.  

List of cancer types

Chondrosarcoma Ewing's sarcoma Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone/osteosarcoma Osteosarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Heart cancer Breast cancer Invasive lobular carcinoma Tubular carcinoma Invasive cribriform carcinoma Medullary carcinoma Male breast cancer Phyllodes tumor Inflammatory Breast Cancer Adrenocortical carcinoma Islet cell carcinoma (endocrine pancreas) Multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome Parathyroid cancer Pheochromocytoma Thyroid cancer Merkel cell carcinoma Astrocytoma Brainstem glioma Pilocytic astrocytoma Ependymoma Primitive neuroectodermal tumor Cerebellar astrocytoma Cerebral astrocytoma Glioma Medulloblastoma Neuroblastoma Oligodendroglioma Pineal astrocytoma Pituitary adenoma Visual pathway and hypothalamic glioma Uveal melanoma Retinoblastoma Anal cancer Appendix cancer cholangiocarcinoma Carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal Colon cancer Extrahepatic bile duct cancer Gallbladder cancer Gastric (stomach) cancer Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) Hepatocellular cancer Pancreatic cancer, islet cell Rectal cancer Bladder cancer Cervical cancer Endometrial cancer Extragonadal germ cell tumor Ovarian cancer Ovarian epithelial cancer (surface area epithelial-stromal tumor) Ovarian germ cell tumor Penile cancer Renal cell carcinoma Renal pelvis and ureter, transitional cell cancer Prostate cancer Testicular cancer Gestational trophoblastic tumor Ureter and renal pelvis, transitional cell cancer Urethral cancer Uterine sarcoma Vaginal cancer Vulvar cancer Wilms tumor Esophageal cancer Head and neck cancer Nasopharyngeal carcinoma Oral cancer Oropharyngeal cancer Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer Pharyngeal cancer Salivary gland cancer Hypopharyngeal cancer Acute biphenotypic Multiple myeloma/plasma cell neoplasm Myelodysplastic Syndromes Primary effusion lymphoma Plasmablastic lymphoma Sézary syndrome Splenic marginal zone lymphoma T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia Bronchial adenomas/carcinoids Small cell lung cancer Mesothelioma Non-small cell lung cancer Pleuropulmonary blastoma Laryngeal cancer Thymoma and thymic carcinoma Basal-cell carcinoma Melanoma Skin cancer (non-melanoma)  

LIST  

A short overview of some cancers

Chondrosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma is cancer made up of cells derived from transformed cells that manufacture cartilage. Chondrosarcoma is a member of a group of tumors of bone and very soft tissue referred to as sarcomas. About 30% of skeletal system cancers are chondrosarcomas. It really is tolerant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Unlike various other primary bone cancers that predominantly affect kids and adolescents, chondrosarcoma can present at any get older. It more often affects the axial skeleton compared to the appendicular skeleton.

Osteosarcoma

An osteosarcoma (OS) or perhaps osteogenic sarcoma (OGS) is a cancerous tumor in a good bone. Specifically, it really is an extreme malignant neoplasm that comes from primitive changed cells of mesenchymal origin (and therefore a sarcoma) and that exhibits osteoblastic differentiation and generates malignant osteoid. Osteosarcoma is the most typical histological kind of primary bone cancer. It is most prevalent in teenagers and adults.

Astrocytoma

Astrocytomas are a kind of cancer of the mind. They originate in a specific sort of glial cells, star-shaped mind cells in the cerebrum referred to as astrocytes. This kind of tumor will not usually spread outside the brain and spinal cord and it generally does not usually affect different organs. Astrocytomas happen to be the most frequent glioma and can occur in most parts of the mind and occasionally in the spinal cord. Within the astrocytomas, two wide classes are accepted in literature, people that have: Narrow zones of infiltration (mostly noninvasive tumors; e.g., pilocytic astrocytoma, subependymal huge cell astrocytoma, pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma), that often are evidently outlined on diagnostic images. Diffuse zones of infiltration (e.g., high-quality astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma), that share various features, including the ability to arise at any location in the central nervous program, but with a preference for the cerebral hemispheres; they take place usually in adults, and also have an intrinsic tendency to advance to more advanced grades. People can form astrocytomas at any years. The low-grade type is more regularly found in children or young adults, while the high-grade type is more frequent in individuals. Astrocytomas in the bottom of the mind are more prevalent in young people and account for approximately 75% of neuroepithelial tumors.

Pituitary adenoma

Pituitary adenomas are actually tumors that occur on the pituitary gland. Pituitary adenomas are usually divided into three categories dependent after their biological operating: benign adenoma, invasive adenoma, and carcinomas. Just about all adenomas are benign, approximately 35% are invasive and just 0.1% to 0.2% are carcinomas. Pituitary adenomas represent from 10% to 25% of most intracranial neoplasms and the approximated prevalence rate in the overall population is approximately 17%. Non-invasive and non-secreting pituitary adenomas are considered to be benign in the literal in addition to the clinical sense; however a recently available meta-analysis (Fernández-Balsells, et al. 2011) of available research has displayed there are to time scant studies - of low quality - to either support or refute this assumption. Adenomas which exceed 10 millimeters (0.39 in) in proportions are thought as macroadenomas, with those small than 10 mm known as microadenomas. Many pituitary adenomas will be microadenomas and have around the prevalence of 16.7% (14.4% in autopsy analyses and 22.5% in radiologic research). Most pituitary microadenomas generally remain undiagnosed and the ones that are diagnosed are often found as an incidental selecting, and so are referred to as incidentalomas. Pituitary macroadenomas are actually the most common cause of hypopituitarism, and in nearly all cases they are actually non-secreting adenomas. While pituitary adenomas are common, affecting approximately one in 6 of the general population, clinically dynamic pituitary adenomas that require medical procedures are more rare, affecting approximately one in 1000 of the general population.  

Medullary carcinoma

Medullary carcinoma may make reference to one of several numerous tumors of epithelial origin. As the word "medulla" is normally a generic anatomic descriptor for the mid-layer of various organ cells, a medullary tumor usually arises from the "mid-layer cells" of the relevant organ. Medullary carcinoma most commonly refers to: Medullary thyroid cancer Medullary carcinoma of the breasts.

Thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer is cancer that develops from the cells of the thyroid gland. This is a disease where cells grow abnormally and also have the potential to pass on to other parts of the body. Symptoms range from swelling or a lump in the throat. Cancer can also happen in the thyroid after pass on from other spots, in which case it isn't classified as thyroid cancer. Risk factors include radiation publicity at an age, having a great enlarged thyroid, and genealogy. There are four key types - papillary thyroid tumor, follicular thyroid cancers, medullary thyroid tumor, and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Diagnosis is often predicated on ultrasound and excellent needle aspiration. Screening persons without symptoms and at common risk for the condition is not recommended by 2017. Treatment options can include surgery, radiation therapy including radioactive iodine, chemotherapy, thyroid hormone, targeted therapy, and watchful waiting around. Surgery may involve removing portion or all the thyroid. Five calendar year survival rates are 98% in the USA. Globally as of 2015 3.2 million persons have thyroid cancer. In 2012, 298,000 new instances occurred.  Women are damaged more often than men. Those of Asian descent happens to be more commonly affected. Rates have increased in the last few years which is thought to be due to better detection. In 2015 it led to 31,900 deaths.

Merkel-cell carcinoma

Merkel-cell carcinoma (MCC) is usually a good rare and highly aggressive epidermis cancer, which, in most cases, is due to the Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV or MCV) discovered by scientists at the University of Pittsburgh found in 2008. It is also referred to as cutaneous APUDoma, primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of your skin, primary little cell carcinoma of your skin, and trabecular carcinoma of the skin. About 80% of Merkel-cell carcinomas are due to MCV. The virus is usually clonally built-into the cancerous Merkel cells. Furthermore, the virus includes a particular mutation only when within cancer cells, but not when it is detected in healthy epidermis cells. Direct evidence because of this oncogenetic mechanism comes from the analysis showing that inhibition of production of MCV proteins causes MCV-contaminated Merkel carcinoma cells to die but has no influence on malignant Merkel cells that aren't contaminated with this virus. MCV-uninfected tumors, which take into account about 20% of Merkel-cell carcinomas, may actually have another and as-yet-unknown cause. Those generally have extremely large genome mutation rates, due to ultraviolet light exposure, whereas MCV-infected Merkel cell carcinomas have low prices of genome mutation.

Uveal melanoma

Uveal melanoma is cancer (melanoma) of the eye relating to the iris, ciliary body, or choroid (collectively referred to as the uvea).  These melanocytes are distinct from the retinal pigment epithelium cells underlying the retina that usually do not contact form melanomas. When eyes melanoma is spread to distant areas of the body, the 5-year survival charge is about 15%.

Retinoblastoma

Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a good rare form of malignancy that rapidly develops from the immature cells of a good retina, the light-detecting cells of the attention. It is the most frequent primary malignant intraocular tumor in children, in fact, it is almost solely found in young children. Though virtually all children survive this cancer, they could lose their vision in the damaged eye(s) or have to have the eye removed. Practically half of the children with retinoblastoma contain a hereditary genetic defect connected with retinoblastoma. In other conditions, it is the effect of a congenital mutation in the chromosome 13 gene 13q14 (retinoblastoma protein).

Anal cancer

Anal cancer is definitely cancer (malignant tumor) which comes from the anus, the distal starting of the gastrointestinal tract. This is a distinctive entity from the more prevalent colorectal cancer. Anal cancer is normally an anal squamous cell carcinoma that arises close to the squamocolumnar junction, often associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It could be keratinizing (basaloid) or non-keratinizing (cloacogenic). Other styles of anal cancer happen to be adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, sarcoma or melanoma. From data collected 2004-2010, the relative five season survival rate in America is definitely 65.5%, though individual rates may vary depending upon the level of cancer at diagnosis and the response to treatment.

Appendix cancer

Appendix cancer or perhaps appendiceal cancers are actually rare malignancies of the vermiform appendix. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are unusual tumors with malignant potential. Main lymphomas may appear in the appendix. Breast tumor, cancer of the colon, and tumors of the feminine genital tract may metastasize to the appendix.

Cholangiocarcinoma

Cholangiocarcinoma also called bile duct cancer, is definitely a sort of cancer that is composed of mutated epithelial cells (or cells showing attributes of epithelial differentiation) that originate found in the bile ducts which drain bile from the liver into the small intestine. Different biliary tract cancers involve gallbladder cancer and cancer tumor of the ampulla of Vater. Cholangiocarcinoma is a relatively rare neoplasm that's classified as an adenocarcinoma (cancer that forms glands or perhaps secretes quite a lot of mucins). It possesses a gross annual incidence rate of 1-2 cases per 100,000 in the Western world, but rates of cholangiocarcinoma have been rising worldwide in the last few decades.   Prominent signs and symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma include abnormal liver function tests, belly pain, jaundice, and weight damage. Other symptoms such as for example generalized itching, fever, and changes in the color of stool or urine could also occur. The disease is diagnosed through a combination of blood checks, imaging, endoscopy, and sometimes medical exploration, with confirmation received after a pathologist examines cells from the tumor under a microscope. Known risk elements for cholangiocarcinoma include primary sclerosing cholangitis (an inflammatory disease of the bile ducts), contamination with the parasitic liver flukes Opisthorchis viverrini or Clonorchis sinensis, some congenital liver malformations, and exposure to Thorotrast (thorium dioxide), a chemical formerly found in medical imaging. However, most people with cholangiocarcinoma haven't any identifiable risk factors. Cholangiocarcinoma is known to be a great incurable and rapidly lethal cancers unless both the major tumor and any metastases can be fully removed by medical procedures. No possibly curative treatment exists except medical procedures, but many people have the advanced level disease at presentation and are inoperable during diagnosis. Persons with cholangiocarcinoma are usually managed - though not cured - with chemotherapy, radiation remedy, and other palliative care measures. They are also used as additional therapies after surgery in cases where resection has apparently been successful (or nearly so).

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Zantrex 3 review: closest legal ephedrine alternative?

Zantrex 3 is a fat-burning dietary supplement which claims to help people lose weight rapidly.

It works as an appetite suppressant and metabolism booster. Zantrex 3 also claims to boost energy levels to assist the user in their exercise and weight loss goals.

Zantrex 3 claims to help people lose weight and burn fat quickly and easily while increasing energy levels. Its a supplement which heavily focuses on the use of ingredients containing caffeine to achieve this.

Attention Zantrex 3 readers: Click here for our #1 rated weight loss supplement

Benefits

Zantrex 3 is a proprietary blend of 14 active ingredients. These are made up of  caffeine plus various different herbal extracts, such as: yerba mate, guarana, asian ginseng, maca root and kola seed.

It claims to be more effective than the banned substance of ephedra.

Here are the main benefits of Zantrex 3:

Boosting Your Metabolism

The higher your metabolism, the more effective your body becomes at burning calories.

When you are using energy more effectively you stand a better chance of losing weight in a calorie restricted scenario.

Zantrex 3 uses a very large concentration of caffeine based ingredients to boost your BMR.

Increase In Energy Production

Losing weight means your regular energy levels will not be maintained through the period of dieting.

You can try to take away some of the impact by choosing energy dense macros, like complex carbs. These generate slow release steady energy, but it all comes under scrutiny of calorie control.

Zantrex 3 contains ingredients which also double as energy boosters and fatigue reducers.

This helps to restore energy levels and can even assist your performance when you workout.  

Fat Burning

If you take a higher rate of energy expenditure and combine it with a reduction of calorie intake – you get a fat burning scenario.

Your body is forced to switch supplies and uses up the excess stored away, which equals body fat reduction.

Zantrex 3 has been formulated with this concept in mind.

Hunger Control

Zantrex 3 does also contain a few other ingredients to help with weight loss.

These ingredients assist by suppressing your appetite.

This means you can manage diet induced hunger even better and curb any unwanted cravings. .

Ingredients

Zantrex 3 is based on a proprietary blend containing the following ingredients:

Niacin

A form of vitamin B3, niacin helps increase your energy levels. It does not cause weight loss directly, but aids in the production of energy from the foods that you eat. (1)

Niacin can also help in the reduction of bad cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood. (2)

Trimethylxanthine

This is simply a very fancy word for something we are all familiar with – pure caffeine.

Caffeine raises the metabolic rate which helps with weight loss and fat burning.

Caffeine intake has been found to affect both overweight and healthy individuals, especially if combined with a meal.(3)

Furthermore, caffeine also increases energy levels and alertness. This can be useful if you are on a calorie restricted diet, or if you are building up the intensity of your exercise regime.

Yerba Mate (Leaf) Extract

Yerba mate is produced from the leaves of the Ilex paraguariensis tree, native to South America. It is traditionally brewed into a stimulating tea.

Yerba mate has shown to contribute towards fat-burning and weight loss by increasing the metabolic rate. (4)

Yerba mate extract also has other health benefits, such as being rich in antioxidants and having anti-inflammatory properties. (5)

There have been some concerns raised regarding a link between an increased risk of cancer and consumption of yerba mate.

However, these concerns are centered around the levels of carcinogenic ‘polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons’ produced when yerba mate is brewed into a tea. (6)

Guarana

Produced from the seeds of the guarana tree, guarana has been traditionally been used in Amazonian medicine.

Guarana has a high caffeine content, which contributes to an increase in metabolic rate and fat-burning. (7)

Damiana

This extract comes from the dried leaves of the turnera diffusa plant. It has traditionally been used as an aphrodisiac and stimulating tea in Central America.

There is evidence damiana helps with weight-loss by suppressing the appetite when taken alongside yerba mate and guarana. (8)

Green Tea (Leaf) Extract

As well as containing caffeine, green tea contains active compounds known as catechins.

Catechins have antioxidant properties and also contribute to the reduction of body fat. (9)   

Kola (Seed) Extract

Most people will be familiar with the name kola because of the popular soda.

The Kola tree is native to the tropical rainforests of Africa. The seeds are found inside the fruits or nuts as they are more commonly known.

They are traditionally chewed in West African culture to restore vitality.

Kola contains high levels of caffeine which works to boost the body’s metabolism and increase the amount of calories burnt at rest.  

Schizonepeta (Flower) Extract

Also known as Japanese catnip; schizonepeta is a medicinal herb that originates from China and Korea.

It is most often used for its anti-inflammatory properties. Although it has also shown to be an effective ingredient for weight loss in Japanese herbal medicine. (10)

Black Pepper  

Black pepper is a spice which helps absorption of nutrients in the body. (11)

If your body takes in more of the nutrients it means the formula will be more beneficial and therefore effective.

Rhodiola Crenulata (Root) Extract

Rhodiola crenulata is a herb with similar traits to that of the “rosea” variety. (12)

Studies suggest that this extract can improve energy levels and exercise endurance by increasing oxygen consumption. (13)

Asian Ginseng (Root) Extract

Asian or panax ginseng has been used in chinese medicine for thousands of years.

It contains active ingredients called ginsenosides. (14)

Ginseng can improve mental alertness and also combats fatigue. (15)

Maca (Root) Extract

Maca root is taken from a plant found in south america. It’s a compound which increasing in popularity and used in many supplements.

Maca has an anti-fatigue effect, which increases exercise endurance and stamina. (16)

It can also restore hormonal balance, which is essential for weight loss. (17)

Cacao (Seed) Extract

Cacao has been added to the list of “superfruits” because of its nutritional content and the rich source of antioxidants. It’s what chocolate and cocoa are made from. (18)

Experts suggest it may inhibit fat absorption when taken in conjunction with a low-calorie diet. (19)

Black Tea (Leaf) Extract

Black tea shouldn’t need an introduction as it’s one of the most popular beverages in the world.

It contains polyphenols – plant based antioxidants which help reduce body fat. (20)  

Side Effects

As Zantrex 3 caffeine content is considered high, this can unfortunately cause unpleasant side effects.

We know from personal experience ingesting large amounts of caffeine can result in heart palpitations, anxiety and that “wired” feeling.

It is important to be aware of, and consider the Zantrex 3 blue bottle side effects before using this product. Besides, it does come with a warning.

If you have any existing medical conditions you should consult your doctor before use.

Common side effects include: insomnia, anxiety, nausea, dizziness, headaches, stomach ache, indigestion, and heart palpitations.

Recommended Dosage

The recommended  Zantrex 3 dosage is two capsules with a glass of water, 15 minutes before main meals.

You must not exceed 6 capsules in any 24hr period.

If you suffer from any condition which may make you sensitive to caffeine, consult with your physician before use.

One important note on dosage:

Zantrex 3 make it very clear you are not to use zantrex 3 blue bottle in conjunction with the zantrex 3 High Energy Fat Burner red bottle

FAQ

How fast does Zantrex 3 work? How fast Zantrex 3 works will vary based upon your lifestyle. You are more likely to see faster results if used in combination with a low calorie diet and exercise program.

Does Zantrex 3 work without exercise? Some users experienced weight loss without working out . However, the Zantrex 3 directions state that best results are achieved when used alongside exercise.

How to take Zantrex 3? The Zantrex 3 dosage is two capsules with a glass of water, 15 minutes before a main meal. Do not exceed six capsules in any 24hr period.

Who should use Zantrex 3? Zantrex 3 is suitable for those who are looking for help losing excess weight in conjunction with a healthy lifestyle. Consult your physician before use if you are taking any form of medication or if you are sensitive to stimulants.

How much does Zantrex 3 cost? The official website price for Zantrex 3 was $29.99 for 84 capsules.

Is Zantrex 3 safe? As mentioned throughout this review, the Zantrex 3 caffeine content is high.  However, providing you follow Zantrex 3 directions, this level of intake should be safe for healthy individuals.However, do not take more than the recommended dosage.

Is Zantrex 3 legal? Yes, Zantrex 3 is legal.

Where to buy Zantrex 3? Zantrex 3 is available from the official website, drug stores, Amazon, and also Walmart.

Does Zantrex 3 really work? Many of the ingredients in Zantrex 3 are proven to help with weight loss. Of course, as always individual results will vary.

Are there any Zantrex 3 alternatives? There are many supplements on the market today which claim to help you lose weight and burn fat easily. “Burn HD” and “Phen 375” are often compared. Formulas such as “Zantrex 3 Fat Burner” and “Zantrex Black” are also available. These contain different ingredients and levels of caffeine to Zantrex 3.

Summary

Throughout this review we have seen that many of the ingredients in Zantrex 3 have been clinically proven to assist with weight loss and fat burning.

However, we can’t ignore the fact this supplement is based heavily around an extreme amount of caffeine. This could result in producing more side effects than you really want from a diet pill.

Because of this, we believe that Zantrex 3 could be a good choice for those looking for help with weight loss goals who can handle the caffeine content.

Attention Zantrex 3 readers: Click here for our #1 rated weight loss supplement

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