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#when you actually work in biopharma you know
judasvibe · 8 months
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crazy how criticizing regulatory shortcuts and tricks is considered being 'antivax' by the same circles that criticize big pharma for being willing to risk public health for their profits
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ahiddenpath · 2 years
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Life Update
It me, yuh gurl.
Long personal post about...  Dealing with...  *Waves hands*  Everything.
Hey my boops, how ya doin?
I’m feeling sort of...  Hm, what’s the word?  Pensive?  Ruminative?  These days.  I guess I’m wondering: is my life where I want it to be?  If not, what do I want?  Stuff like that.  It’s a normal and common thing, I’m sure.
My life has been kind of wild since...  Actually, since I broke my foot in three places and nearly tore my ankle tendons in late 2017.  I spent about three months nonmobile, then another six in physical therapy to regain motion in my ankle/foot.  My grandmother passed in 2018 (while I was still in PT), and my family fractured after that (basically squabbling over her possessions, which weren’t valuable, but old grievances were involved, too).  I started therapy after that, and I spent over two years really focused on that- which I think is some of the hardest/most difficult work you can do, at least by choice.  The pandemic started while I was still in therapy, and I’m still trying to wrap my brain around the loss of over two years of my life???  Which is still ongoing????
So, uh, yeah, actually...  My sense of being displaced in time and my own life is making more sense, now that I wrote that out.
One of the big things on my mind recently is work.  I’m a researcher at a biotech, annnnnd our current capital will run out in Q4, based on our financial reports.  So, uh, under five months, and of course, they would have to close shop well before they hit $0 to take care of expenses (paying out vacation days to employees and paying any business debts, for example).  
Biotechs are volatile, they start and close all the time, and layoffs are common when big projects are dropped.  Our company projected income for the year from collaborations, and literally none of those deals have panned out.  It’s looking bad- but I’ve never been between jobs or unemployed since I was 16, so, um, a break would be amazing?  So I’m torn between applying to get ahead of it and taking it easy and letting the chips fall. 
I’ve always been focused on planning for my future, like...  For as long as I can remember.  My family is...  Well, I knew I’d have to support myself and be independent ASAP since I was a child.  I can’t go to my family for emotional support, advice, or a basic understanding and acknowledgement of who I am as a person.  I certainly can’t go to them for financial support; it just isn’t there.  My mom expected me to financially support her, in fact, and when she first saw the house I bought two years ago, she spent the whole visit insulting me because I told her she would not be moving in.  (My therapy session after that was a whole thing, lemme tell ya what).  It’s sad how much of my life has pointed directly towards achieving financial security, knowing that I have no place to land.  Every decision, every plan.  And, like, it worked, or at least it has so far, which is undeniably a good thing!  
But I need to figure out how to shift from “everything I do is strategized to promote economic security” to “uh hey babe, darling, sweetie pie, being happy and appreciating the moment is kind of what life is made of.”  And yet, here I am feeling hypocritical as heckin heck, because of course you need economic security to appreciate the moment!  You can’t be enjoying a croissant and a hot cocoa on your day off if you are stretching to afford a pound of spaghetti noodles for like $1.60, or whatever that costs with recent inflation- or if you’re working your second or third job on your day off.
I think I’ve been mourning things that are difficult to articulate these days, too.  I...  Don’t know if I’ll have children, that’s the big thing.  Listen, no shade to people who choose to reproduce- in fact, I admire hope in the face of adversity- but I don’t know if there will be a tenable planet for my theoretical kiddo within thirty years- or sooner.  I’m a biopharma research scientist, not a climate scientist, but I can interpret data, and my formal summary: that shit be scary.  And my country, the USA, is catapulting backwards in terms of rights and dignities.  Plus, you know, late stage capitalism hellscape, etc.  
And what about the loss of time since 2020?  I planned to spend my early 30s travelling- I am sadly an untravelled person- and now it’s heckin hard to even plan a domestic trip (fuel prices, pilot shortages, etc).  Like many people, I’ve spent the time since 2020 terrified of being sick and losing loved ones, stuck inside far more, and trying to navigate how to behave in the face of deadly unknowns- and incredibly frustrated by my country’s response.  It actually kind of reminds me of the Thanos snap.  Obviously, we didn’t, like, dematerialize, but as of this writing, there have been over a million recorded covid deaths in the states.  Lives came to a halt, and so many people lost so much- high schoolers missing out on activities and postponing college or opting for remote, babies and toddler missing periods of socialization, on and on and on.  And then, after a few weeks, we pushed on as normal, even though nothing was normal???
 So, yeah.  I feel like I’m passing my hands over my body and feeling holes that aren’t physically there.  They are there, but they can’t be seen or easily explained.  And I bet most people feel this way.  Global trauma, my guys.
I have exactly zero advice, except to be gentle with ourselves and each other.  I hope I’ll have the courage to focus on being happy, and not on how messed up the world is and wondering if the holes are expanding.  In the face of uncertainty, working harder and hoarding what we have and forgoing fun things in the name of security is...  The exact instinct of someone with an anxiety disorder who has focused on security all her life.  And I’m willing to bet you don’t need a mood disorder or a past of security-based insecurities to feel this way.
So...  Here I am, struggling to absorb everything that has been, everything that is, and a future that is more unsure than ever.  That’s it, really, even after that honkin’ wall of text.  I hope you’re hanging in there, and that you have fun things going on, even if they’re small- maybe especially if they’re small.  Much love to you, my dears.
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sciencespies · 4 years
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Will These Consortia Lead The United States To Global Quantum Supremacy?
https://sciencespies.com/news/will-these-consortia-lead-the-united-states-to-global-quantum-supremacy/
Will These Consortia Lead The United States To Global Quantum Supremacy?
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In the global race for leadership in quantum information science, a promising new era for computer, communications, and sensing applications, the United States has a unique advantage: A long tradition of government-academia-industry collaboration to achieve new technological breakthroughs.
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Conceptual artwork of a pair of entangled quantum particles or events interacting at a distance.
getty
The most prominent example of such a successful collaboration is the internet, launched a half century ago as a government-sponsored initiative that included academic research centers and private companies developing new hardware and software. Last month, the Department of Energy (DOE) announced the development of a national quantum internet, “bringing the United States to the forefront of the global quantum race and ushering in a new era of communications.” DOE’s 17 National Laboratories will serve as the backbone of the planned “virtually unhackable” internet, which will require “intense coordination” between various Federal agencies, academic institutions, and industry.
The DOE expects the quantum internet to be one of the implementation pathways of the National Quantum Initiative Act. The Act, which was passed nearly unanimously by both houses of Congress and signed into law by President Trump on December 21, 2018, committed $1.2 billion in funding to promote quantum information science over an initial five-year period. It called for the establishment of a program of research, development, and setting of standards; the creation of the National Quantum Coordination Office; investment in exploratory research and new research and engineering centers; and the training of scientists and engineers in quantum information science.
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The National Quantum Initiative Act also led also to the establishment last year of The Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C), overseen by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and working to create a robust U.S. quantum ecosystem and marketplace, develop standards and quantum-trained workforce, and coordinate partnerships with government agencies.
“We are serving as a kind of industry association,” says Dr. Celia Merzbacher, QED-C Deputy Director, providing a forum for discussing the emerging industry and facilitating government agencies’ access to “the industry’s collective voice.”  The consortium has about 170 members, including large corporations, startups, research centers, national labs, and various non-profits. Its work is currently organized around four technical advisory committees: highlighting the most promising commercial use cases, helping define standards and benchmarks, identifying enabling technologies, and developing a “quantum-ready” workforce.
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Dr. Celia Merzbacher, Deputy Director, Quantum Economic Development Consortium
QED-C
Workshops on specific topics are a primary way for the consortium to gather input from its members that helps identify research needs and recommendations for follow-up investigations conducted by members in collaboration with government sponsors. “There is a lot of work still to be done to make something that’s even just a demonstration,” says Merzbacher. “This is why it’s important and reasonable for the government to be investing heavily the way it does right now.”
The Chicago Quantum Exchange is another meeting place for collaboration and community creation for National Laboratories (Argonne and Fermi), universities (University of Chicago, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Northwestern University) and a number of large corporations (e.g., Boeing, Applied Materials, JPMorgan Chase) and startups (e.g., Rigetti Computing).
“In this emerging field, science and engineering come together,” says David Awschalom, Liew Family Professor in Spintronics and Quantum Information at the University of Chicago, a senior scientist at Argonne National Laboratory, and Director of the Chicago Quantum Exchange. “You need to work with companies because the most advanced engineering is happening in the industrial world,” he adds.
There are about 150 quantum scientists across the four participating universities and, assisted by an NSF-sponsored program, graduate students can do their PhD with two advisors, one of them from one of the member companies. “It gives students a real sense of what it is to do research in industrial setting,” says Awschalom, and familiarity with real-world, practical business challenges. “In the quantum world, the application, the technology, and the science, are all connected with one another. You design the system based on the application. So it very important to know what might these things be useful for.”
What will be the “use cases” or “killer apps” in the new era of quantum information and why should the business world pay attention to these emerging technologies now?
“Quantum communications is already happening,” says Awschalom. In February, Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago announced a 52-mile quantum network that “taps the unique properties of quantum mechanics to eventually ‘teleport’ information virtually instantaneously across a distance.” It serves as the foundation for the “unhackable” quantum internet mentioned above, because quantum states change when observed.
“For information security it is an asset, not a liability,” observes Awschalom, as the presence of an outside listener would actually change what is communicated over the network. “Developing a communication system based on the laws of quantum physics gives you a built-in security,” says Awschalom.
For financial services companies keen on secure communications, this could be the first useful application of quantum information science, and now is the time to explore it. “It makes perfect sense that JPMorgan Chase and Goldman Sachs have powerful and impressive quantum groups today,” says Awschalom.
Another already happening area is quantum sensing. “Because of quantum’s sensitivity to its environment, we work very hard to protect qbits [the basic units of quantum information] from the external world. For a sensor, you can take the opposite approach. Purposely expose it to the world and it becomes an extraordinary precise sensor,” explains Awschalom.
Quantum sensing is already used to precisely measure magnetic fields. Recently, researchers demonstrated the world’s smallest magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), scanning the magnetic field of single atoms with unprecedented resolution. Other researchers have demonstrated magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging of single molecules. “Imagine how our world will change if I can do MRI with single molecule resolution. It will revolutionize biology and chemistry—it’s not an exaggeration,” Awschalom asserts.
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David Awschalom, Liew Family Professor at the University of Chicago and Director, the Chicago … [+] Quantum Exchange
Chicago Quantum Exchange
While quantum computing may eventually have an even bigger practical impact than quantum communications and quantum sensing, it is not there yet and may not be there for a while. “The challenge is that there isn’t today a quantum computer that provides an advantage [i.e., surpasses the capabilities of today’s supercomputers] but this is very dynamic,” says Merzbacher. “These things are happening very quickly,” says Awshalom, advising companies to get ready today by developing a “workforce with knowledge of quantum science and engineering.”
Next month, the Chicago Quantum Exchange is launching certificate programs in Quantum Engineering and Technology. It is aimed at professionals working for companies as engineers or computer scientists or industrial researchers who could be oriented towards quantum engineering. “We think there are thousands and thousands of engineers who could be highly impactful in the quantum field if they could be slightly retrained,” says Awschalom.
He also advises companies to hold quantum-related workshops, bring in knowledgeable people to discuss possible quantum applications and their impact on their specific business and what steps they should take today. Another way for companies to get closer to the quantum state-of-the-art is to fund PhD students working on a topic relevant to their industry.
“The Pharmaceutical industry may be more organized than others, they want to be prepared, “ says Merzbacher. QED-C has collaborated with the Pistoia Alliance and QuPharm to establish a cross-industry community of interest to “explore the opportunities for quantum computing to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of biopharma R&D.” A recent survey conducted by these organizations found that 31 percent of life science organizations polled are set to begin quantum computing evaluation this year and a further 39 percent are planning to evaluate next year or have quantum computing “on their radar.”
All together now—academia, government, and industry—joining forces on the way to quantum supremacy.
#News
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maleenhancementmd · 4 years
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ccrpsorg · 4 years
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Clinical Research Associate Training Guide
Why Become a Clinical Research Associate?
CCRPS is one of the only major US-based ACCRE, ACCME, ANCC, ACPE, and Transcelerate Biopharma accredited CRA certification courses that accepts students with no prior background for certification. This is because our course is thorough and created by Senior CRAs who have been in the field for long enough to understand what you need to know to begin working and applying. The course can be completed in as little as 7 days with dedicated full-day study time.
Nonetheless, for those who have always wanted a career in medicine or have a gap year before medical school; Clinical Research Training is the next step to getting a head start in your career. Because the position is unlike actually working in the lab and requires a management role; you get 1-on-1 connections with physicians and medical staff that can lead to a better application for medical school and other medical careers later on.
Best of all; many of these positions accept remote staff (and some allow you to travel 45-75% with full expenses including travel, accommodation, meals, and other per-dime expenses covered). Clinical Research Training can help you save money while also increasing your salary. CRA’s with our level of training can expect to make between $6,500-$12,000 a month with an estimated promotion rate of 33% a year; an amount that is not common in other science-degree careers.
Many CRA students are actually matriculated foreign doctors who opted not to take the USMLE or repeat their residency training. In fact, some of our Clinical Research Training Students come to us immediately after moving to the U.S. and questioning what to do with an MBBS degree in US.
Unlike what you’ve learned during your 3-8 years in university or graduate school; the information needed for Clinical Research Training after your degree. Is rarely a repetition of any course you’ve taken before and thus we have 110 Clinical Research Training modules (more than any other course available) to make you get the position you want as a CRA.
2. Clinical Research Associate Certification Qualifications
Over 1.9 million students receive a bachelors of science every year. While a few go on to PhD, Masters, and Medical programs; many are ready to start clinical research certification online to start a career in the frontiers of medical research and patient care. As a new student applying to the science job market, you may only find internships or recognize that even entry-level science jobs requires 1-2 years of experience. More so, you may realize many of these jobs require intense labor in the lab or just did not meet your expectations for your science degree. This is why a career as a CRA should be considered with clinical research coordinator training. We train over 100 students each month in clinical research coordinator training and clinical research associate training (depending on prior background).
A Clinical Research Associate or Coordinator directs and supervises clinical trials that are run by physicians, nurses, and other science-degree holders. Unlike the jobs you currently can apply to on the market, a position as a CRA is actually much more difficult to obtain. While many generic courses exist on the market; we have seen that many of these students cannot find a job afterwords because of the lack of content depth. This is why our course offers a Senior Clinical Research Associate level of training with 110 intense modules. This science-based medical position is now a high-demand job which can be done privately for pharmaceutical companies such as Pfizer, or academically in medical schools. We have the largest number of clinical research courses online.
3. Why Take a CRA Certification Course
The role of the clinical research associate is very important in clinical trials to ensure that medical devices, new treatments and new drugs are approved for patients' use.
This field is taken as a certificate program course in many schools. You may also discover the availability of associate degree programs depending on the school. These programs can be completed in two years and can be offered through both the online and the hybrid formats. Hybrid formats combine both online and on-campus courses together.
If you opt for an online program, different platforms like emails and discussion boards are used to ensure and promote interaction between the students as well as with the lecturers. Online learning platforms are used to upload the syllabus, course materials, lectures and assignments. Some online programs include field work as part of their requirements, in order to gain first hand experience working with clinical trials and patients. Depending on the school, they may have a list of approved clinical research institutes and other facilities. Otherwise, you will have to find a facility for yourself and get the school's approval.
These certificate programs are generally designed for professionals that are already in the medical fields like medical assistants, nurses etc, and are interested in moving to the field of clinical research. They may therefore ask for a copy of your CV or resumé or they may ask for a letter from your employers to verify that you have the needed medical experience. Some programs may require just an undergraduate degree in a medical science or life science related field.
Clinical research associates are trained to assist clinical researchers and investigators in the coordination, administration and management of clinical trials. During this training, different courses will be taught revolving around subjects like safety procedures, subject recruitment, regulatory requirements, drug development, accountability, trial management, medical terminology etc.
The importance of the role of the clinical research associate means that companies that conduct clinical trials are usually very selective, the need to comply with strict regulations often inform their decision when making a choice of their clinical research associate. It is therefore very difficult to get a job as a clinical research associate without previous experience of clinical trials. Many companies require around at least two years experience in clinical monitoring as a clinical project assistant or clinical trial administrator before considering applicants for this important role.
In applying for the post of a clinical research associate, ensure that you read the job description and indicate or highlights the relevant experience on your curriculum vitae. Your cover letter should be specific to the company you're applying to. Do not use a one-for-all cover letter. Personalize your cover letter to each company and highlight the skills that fit the specific requirements of the role. Not all companies advertise their vacancies, so you can try to find out about other unadvertised vacancies, you might get more chance with that.
Further certification can enhance your resume such as the ACCRE accredited CRA program which contains 110 learning modules for Clinical Research Associate Training and Placement
4. The Best CRA Certification Course for Entry-Levels
CCRPS Course covers double to triple the amount of course content than other courses. While many courses are simply 5-20 simple interactive modules, our course covers 140 dense modules in thorough detail. After each session, students can ask their questions privately with the course instructor, all of whom have 15+ years of CRA experience. We offer clinical research courses distance learning.
There is a huge shortage of well-trained CRAs, but many companies are reluctant to hire untrained entry-level clinical monitors because of patient and trial safety. Because of this, even the beginner entry-level jobs require certification or training. Most courses provide very light training that may look good because of the company names, but alone is not sufficient to pass the interview rounds a company conducts. Because we prepared our modules to stand by you even as a Senior Clinical Research Associate, we find more of our students with no background quickly passing their interview rounds. Our program is considered one of the top clinical research graduate programs online.
Currently, 82% of our students are hired within the first month of taking the course. Students with limited background or those looking to gain extra experience are offered a remote internship of up to 6 months during the time they are interviewing. This advantage allows many students with limited experience to get hired with a higher paying job than previously offered. For exam, nurses are offered our clinical research nurse training and can additionally take our clinical research management training.
While a majority of our students are physicians, a majority of the CRA workforce are Science Grads and Nurses. We train at a Senior CRA level for all students regardless of background because clinical research monitoring is vastly different from any lab or science course you may have taken. Clinical research associates are given the protocol of a study including all medical protocol that must be followed but because they do not diagnose or treat, the medical knowledge is supplemental but not sufficient in this career path. This is the main reason why our Clinical Research Training includes all possible scenarios you may face at the protocol and guideline level in your future company.
5. How to get Experience for Clinical Research Associate Jobs
Learn about our partnerships with dedicated clinical research recruiters by inquiring. We provide an 8 module job application preparation section in our CRA certification course.
CCRPS, like other educational institutes, is only associated with educating and certifying clinical research professionals so we do not provide job placement. We want to make sure you apply with your best foot forward. Below are links we readily refer to graduates who are looking for job support. Having a great CV and cover letter are essential to applying for jobs. Recruiters are paid by the company which hires you and thus are free for searching employees. Be realistic but also be driven. Make sure you get continue reaching out until you get a true rejection from any job you apply to as they may never have seen your application if you received no response.
Clinical Research Job Advising: Kunal at ClinicalTrialPodcast
Free Resume Review: TopCV TopCV provides a free review and feedback for your current resume.
Resume Distribution: ResumeRabbit Resume rabbit distributes your resume to 60 job posting sites.
Clinical Research Recruiters: I-Recruit I-Recruit distributes your resume to clinical research recruiters.
Clinical Research Job Bulletin: Indeed Indeed usually provides the most uptodate job bulletin for clinical research jobs
Always use a cover letter specific for the company and job when applying if you are not using a recruiter.
Clinical Research Associate Certification
Receive more information about the course by speaking with our 24/7 chat and phone advisors right now.
ICH GCP TRAINING 
The ICH GCP training modules go over the entire ICH GCP guidelines in detail. They teach you how to apply them rather than just understand the protocols. This is the essential basis of Clinical Research Training.
15 MODULES
1.   An Introduction to Clinical Research
2.   An Overview of ICH GCP
3.   Code of Federal Regulations
4. FDA 21 CFR Part 11 ( Part 1 and 2)
5. ICH GCP E6 Section 5 - Sponsors Responsibilities
6. ICH GCP E6 Section 4 - Investigators Responsibilities
7. ICH GCP E6 Section 4 - Investigators Responsibilities – Informed Consent Form
8. Reporting Responsibilities of the Investigators
9. Ethics of Research Involving Children
10. Ethics of Research Involving Mentally Incapacitated
11. Ethics of Research Involving Pregnant Women and Fetuses
12. Ethics of Research Involving Prisoners
13. ICG GCP 5.5 Trial Management – Data Handling and Record Retention
14. ICH GCP E6 and E2A - Adverse Events
15. Safety of Human Subjects in Clinical Research
Reference Modules - to be used for reference purposes only:
a) Common Terminology Used In Clinical Research
b) Commonly Used Abbreviations and Terms in Clinical Research
QUALITY MONITORING 
The quality monitoring modules are needed to work as a supervisor on clinical trials. This is the section not available in any other entry or introductory clinical research training course with more detail than many new Senior CRAs know. These modules allow you to obtain the application, examples, and guidelines needed to monitor trials with ease in your new position.
45 MODULES
1.    Duties and Responsibilities of a Clinical Research Associate
2.    Designs of Clinical Trials
3.    Phases of Clinical Trials
4.    Pre-Clinical Trials
 5.    Stakeholders in Clinical Research and Their Relationships
 6.    Contract Research Organization- CRO
 7.    Randomized Controlled Trials
 8.    Types of Monitoring Visits
 9.    Site and Investigator Selection
 10. Site Qualification Visit
 11. Routine Monitoring Visit
12.  Monitoring Tools and Notes
 13.  Checklists for Pharmacy Monitoring and Inspection Visits
14.  Site Close Out Visit
 15.  Source Documents
 16.  Inclusion Exclusion Criteria in Clinical Research
 17.  Interactive Voice Response System - IVRS
 18.  Protocol in Clinical Research
 19.  Protocol Deviations and Violations
 20.  Institutional Review Board
 21.  Quality Control in Clinical Research
 22.  Data Safety Monitoring board- DSMB
 23.  An Overview of Remote Monitoring
 24.  Centralised Versus Onsite Monitoring
 25.  Electronic Data Capture and Remote Data Capture Basics
 26.  Remote Monitoring of Clinical Trials and EMRs
 27.  Blinding in Clinical Trials
 28.  Communication between Blinded and Unblinded Staff
 29.  Investigational Product Storage and Dispensing
 30.  Investigational Product Accountability in Clinical Trials
 31.  Adverse Drug Reactions
 32.  Basics of Adverse Event Monitoring
 33.  Adverse Event Reporting
 34.  Risk Based Monitoring
 35.  Pharmacovigilance (Part 1)
36. Pharmacovigilance (Part 2)
 37. Safety Reporting Requirements for Sponsor Investigators
 38.  Investigator Initiated Multi Center Trails
 39.  IND and NDA Process
 40.  Guidelines for Designing and Completing Case Report Forms
 41.  Do’s and Don’ts of a Case Report Form Design
 42.  Introduction to Bioresearch Monitoring (BIMO)
 43.  Clinical Trial Management System-CTMS
 44.  Minimising Source Data Queries in Clinical Trials
 45. Role of Local and Central Labs in Clinical Trials
REGULATORY TRAINING  
Regulatory training allows you to understand and apply the FDA regulation guidelines to each individual trial you will supervise after your Clinical Research Training.
15 MODULES
1.    Regulatory Documents in Clinical Research
 2.    Regulatory Affairs
3.    Essential Regulatory Documents Guidance and Binder Tabs -Part 1
 4.    Essential Regulatory Documents Guidance and Binder Tabs - Part 2
 5.    Electronic Regulatory Submission and Review
 6.    Financial Disclosure- Duties and Strategies for Clinical Studies
 7.    Financial Disclosures and Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Research
 8.    FDA Form 1572 - Part 1
 9.    FDA Form 1571 - Part 2
10.  Delegation of Authority Log – DOAL
11. Investigators Brochures
12. Protocol Continuing
13.  IND Application
14.  Trial Master File Reference Guide
15.  Trial Master File and DIA Model
AUDIT AND INSPECTIONS  
The auditing and inspections modules train you to prepare clinical trials for auditing by your company, government organisation, or academic organisation after your Clinical Research Training.
SUBJECT RECRUITMENT, RETENTION AND COMPLIANCE 
5 MODULES 
1.    Compliance Requirements in Clinical Trials
 2.    Subject Recruitment and Retention (Part 1 and Part 2)
 3.    Increasing Subject Compliance in Clinical Trials
 4.    Ethical Consideration Associated with Investigator Payment and Patient Recruitment
 5.    Advertisement aid in Subject Recruitment and Retention6 MODULES
1.    Audits and Inspections in Clinical Trials
 2.    FDA Warning Letter
 3.    Site FDA Audit Inspection Checklist
 4.    How to Survive Through an FDA Inspection
 5.    Do and Don’ts during an FDA Inspection
 6.    Mock FDA Audits
MISCONDUCT AND FRAUD 
2 MODULES 
1.    Scientific Misconduct in Research and How to Prevent It
 2.    Misconduct in Research – Detecting Falsification
WRITING QUALITY MONITORING REPORTS & FOLLOW UP LETTERS
These modules immerse you in understanding, applying, and learning to write monitoring reports, follow up letters, and professional write-ups required in the CRA position after each clinical site visit or review after your Clinical Research Training.
16 MODULES
1. Site Monitor Transition Letter   
2. Checklist of Activities for Pre-Study Visit Qualification
 3.   Pre-study Visit Assessment and Monitoring Questionnaire
 5.   Pre-Study Visit Follow Up Letter
 6.   Site Initiation Visit Agenda
 7.   Site Initiation Visit Confirmation Letter
 8.   Site Initiation Visit Report
9.   Site Initiation Visit Follow Up Letter
10. Site Monitoring Visit Confirmation Letter/Fax
11. Site Monitoring Visit Report
12. Site Monitoring Visit Follow Up Letter
13. Site Close Out Visit Confirmation Letter
 14. Site Close Out Visit Agenda
 15. Site Close Out Visit Report
 16. Site Close Out Visit Follow Up Letter
COMPETENCY TESTING FOR A CRA   
The competency testing of your Clinical Research Training modules is the next step needed to ensure that you are ready for your interviews. We establish our CRA’s as future leaders in the clinical trial industry by ensuring you have the full education needed to be promoted in your career quicker than without the course.
CRA Certification Modules also cover the following roles:
CLINICAL RESEARCH COURSES
Below are our ACCRE accredited clinical research certification programs:
While several careers exist with a science degree, the best exposure to a medical career with a science bachelors is through Clinical Research Training. This can be taken as early as your senior year of college to prepare for a job directly out of university.
CRA positions right out of undergrad are nearly impossible to get due to the yearly 1.9 million graduates of science degrees (and approximate 2,000 applications per position). This is why Clinical Research Training is an essential investment in your career.
CRA positions after hiring will cover the expenses of travel, housing, food, and more if visiting clinical sites. Most pay $6.5-12k a month with the potential to move on to a CRA position after 2 years.
While many positions will fund or reimburse your CRA training; securing an initial position is the tough part. This is why our Clinical Research Training provides 110 clinical research training modules and interview preparation with a Senior CRA and Physician of 25 years.
Our Clinical Research Training makes almost anyone interested in making use of their science degree in medicine possible. We take on students with no medical background to full-on doctors looking for a better position due to their international medical degree.
We also offer private Principal Investigator Training for practicing physicians.
See available positions here to understand why CRA certification is essential to obtaining a career in medicine with a science degree.
CLINICAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATE CERTIFICATION
Online modules and competency exam with 60 day period of completion - Use to enhance knowledge for promotion to CRA, SrCRA, or other management levels in clinical trials. Can be taken by physicians, nurses, and bachelors, masters, and PhD graduates. No clinical research background required for enrollment and certification.
ICH GCP CERTIFICATION
Online modules and competency exam - No clinical research background required. ICH GCP certification is required by all jobs working with clinical trials.
CLINICAL TRIALS ASSISTANT CERITIFCATION
Online modules and competency exam - Minimum of high school degree or GRE is required. Use for jobs that require clinical trials experience and knowledge. No clinical research background required
CLINICAL RESEARCH MONITOR CERTIFICATION
Online modules and competency exam - No clinical research background required. Bachelors degree required.
CLINICAL RESEARCH NURSE CERTIFICATION
Online modules and competency exam - No clinical research background required. RN or BSN required.
FOR CLINICAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATE ENTRY LEVEL TRAINING
Learn about the PayScale and promotion methods for Clinical Research Associates by scrolling below.
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Clinical Trial Supplies and Its Various Attributes
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Successful clinical trial supplies optimization is vital and certainly, people spend too much time trying to make forecasts 100% precise. Once a project starts, it is very unusual for the real to look like the prediction?
People spend hours in a hopeless challenge to produce the faultless estimation only to result in the right forecast altered again the next week and so on. It is clear that people need some intensity of estimation in order to manage supplies but should this prediction be at a top more common level with an improved focus on the capability to respond to transforms. For example when setting up the IVRS or IRT systems for research and requesting quotes from possible vendors, how many of them actually assess the rate and time of potential changes? It is impossible to anticipate the modifications required, therefore how can you be expected to calculate the price and time of something that is unknown? Whilst the literal changes required may not be observable at the initial stage of a medical study there is no reason why you cannot work with your vendors to make system and clinical supply chain design as flexible as probable. Numerous IRT or IVRS vendors have now established advanced systems that can reply faster and run more economically to changes required whilst the arrangement is live. Some other areas that should be taken into consideration when designing flexibility into supply chains are kit designing and Clinical labeling. Clinical Supply kits should be designed to give the utmost flexibility to allow for astonishing adjustments are dosage or visit frequency. Do you regularly consider which countries are likely to be added as emergencies if enrollment doesn't go as intended and if these are known are country requirements and languages for dependent areas included in the pamphlet label from the start? There are numerous models, clinical trial supplies optimization, and forecasting devices available on the internet. They are designed to make the procedure more exact and to a level, they possibly do add some value. However, as the fact going in is usually based on the greatest guess and assumptions it is indispensable that the estimation coming out, whilst development on the customary spreadsheet or paper-based approach, will never be 100% perfect. Globyz Biopharma Services is a renowned name for sourcing and supply of commercial medicines or comparators for clinical trial studies across all therapeutic regions. It is the utmost destination for global sourcing, GMP-compliant storage, Clinical Packaging, clinical distribution, clinical labeling, and cold-chain supply solutions. Whether you need commercial medicine sourcing or complete clinical supply services including attaining, packaging and labeling, storage, and distribution or regulatory consulting, you have customized and optimal solutions tailored to your clinical trial needs as a flawless expansion of your supply chain. The company has years of experience and possesses outstanding expertise in managing the legal issues, planning, and supply chain challenges of sourcing, storing, and distributing pharmaceuticals for clinical trials. Globyz Biopharma Services is focused to provide customized solutions with the uppermost level of quality and service to make the name just perfect for comparator sourcing and supply partner for the customer’s clinical trial material necessities and services. to know more about the company and its work and services, visit the website.
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googlenewson · 4 years
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If you’re worried you might have COVID-19, how does the coronavirus testing procedure actually work? And how much does it cost? The answer is: It’s complicated, confusing, and a lot of people simply don’t know the intricacies of the situation—including the financial burden a U.S. patient with suspected coronavirus might have to bear.
Fortune reached out to all 51 state public health departments in the country (each state and the District of Columbia), urgent care centers, pharmacy giants, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), and multiple other agencies to figure out how the process plays out. Most didn’t respond or declined to comment.
Here’s what we know so far.
Why was the U.S. slow to test for coronavirus?
It’s unclear why the CDC and the Trump administration decided to develop their own test instead of using those already in place in countries with major outbreaks. Manufacturing issues for the CDC’s coronavirus test significantly slowed down the process in the U.S.
According to the CDC’s latest numbers, there have been a total of 60 cases of COVID-19 (the official name for disease caused by the new coronavirus strain) in the U.S. and six reported deaths, all of them in Washington state. Those cases now span a dozen states: California, Oregon, Washington, Arizona, Illinois, Wisconsin, Florida, Georgia, New York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island, with Georgia and New Hampshire reporting the newest known cases.
That number is expected to swell significantly in the coming weeks and months as the CDC fixes its test and distributes it to state and local labs across the nation.
On Monday, Tom Frieden, former CDC director and former commissioner of New York City’s health department, held a public briefing to discuss the U.S. response to coronavirus to date. Frieden, as many public health officials have done, praised China’s rapid response and containment efforts and pointed to the lessons learned and mistakes made in America’s own quest to quell the pathogen.
“In 2009, with the H1N1 flu epidemic, and with the Ebola outbreak in 2014, the CDC’s labs and contractors created high quality tests very quickly,” he said in response to a question from Fortune during the briefing. “This time there’s clearly been a glitch in that process. I think it’ll be important when things quiet down to have a review and figure out what went wrong.” He went on to emphasize his confidence in the medical professionals at the CDC.
President Trump appointed Vice President Mike Pence as the leader of the administration’s coronavirus response. On Sunday, Pence said that the CDC’s manufacturing capacity for testing would ramp up significantly by the end of the week, and that state and local laboratories would be able to conduct their own initial testing without having to send samples to a federal CDC lab—a critical tool in containing the outbreak, according to Frieden.
In addition to the CDC test, the Wadsworth Center, a research lab within the New York State Department of Health, developed its own FDA-approved test, the first of its kind. The center partnered with hospitals to expand testing.
Who gets tested for coronavirus?
Fortune reached out to every state health agency in the country to ask about the status of coronavirus testing. Most declined to comment, did not reply, or pointed to a press release. A handful—Wyoming, Wisconsin, Utah, Hawaii, Louisiana, New York, Arkansas, Indiana, and Idaho—directly answered questions either via email or by phone.
The departments Fortune spoke to presented a common narrative: CDC-cleared coronavirus tests are finally making it to state and local labs. The CDC has stated that as many as 40 public health labs across the country can conduct coronavirus testing at the moment.
“In Arkansas, today, our state public health lab is testing,” said Dr. Jennifer Dillaha, medical director for immunization and outbreak response in Arkansas, on Monday. “Today is the first day that we’ve been able to do our own test.”
According to Dillaha, the CDC has provided guidelines to help state agencies make judgments on who to test, but discretion will fall to the individual agencies—although she doesn’t think there will be much variance between public health departments’ procedures.
In Arkansas, assessing that risk relies on a combination of factors including whether or not someone has been to a region where the outbreak is prevalent or had contact with an infected individual. If the U.S. continues to see a “community spread” of coronavirus—the term used when the source of infection is unknown—it’s expected that more people will be tested.
How is coronavirus testing done?
The coronavirus test is a combination of a nasal swab and an oral swab. Dillaha said medical professionals might only take one or the other, but labs prefer to have both.
As of now, urgent care centers and organizations like CVS’s health clinics cannot conduct coronavirus tests on site, according to a CVS spokesperson. That may be a possibility in the future should private commercial entities develop their own coronavirus tests; as of now, samples collected at hospitals, urgent care centers, and doctors’ offices are sent to public health labs cleared to conduct the reviews.
Dillaha says that Arkansas public health labs can conduct the test within four hours. Initial results are shared with medical professionals and patients, and then samples would be sent to a CDC lab for final confirmation.
How much does the coronavirus test cost?
Any coronavirus test conducted in a public health lab using an FDA-approved test should, theoretically, be free to the patient.
“Those people are all tested by the CDC. It’s not based on whether or not someone would be able to pay,” said Dillaha. “Of course no test is free. Someone is bearing the cost.”
She notes there are ongoing conversations between federal and state authorities on how to finance the tests and that she doesn’t know all the intricacies of the payment situation.
Representative from Utah, Wisconsin, and New York’s health departments concurred, saying FDA-approved tests (the CDC test and the Wadsworth Center test) that are tested in public health facilities are free to patients.
But the fragmented nature of the American health system complicates the issue significantly. For instance, even though the coronavirus test itself is free, the associated hospital stay, doctors’ visit, or quarantine may not be—and depending on the quality of one’s insurance, a patient with a suspected case may face thousands of dollars in medical costs. An urgent care visit or hospital stay related to coronavirus may not be fully covered.
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced in a tweet on Monday that he had issued a directive “requiring NY health insurers to waive cost sharing associated with testing for #coronavirus, including emergency room, urgent care and office visits.” He added that anybody in the state covered by Medicaid would not have to pay for coronavirus-related care. It’s unclear how this would play out for those with private insurance.
More must-read stories from Fortune:
—How to think about COVID-19 —Coronavirus spreads to a previously healthy sector: corporate earnings —Coronavirus is giving China cover to expand its surveillance. What happens next? —Coronavirus shows why we need vaccines before, not after, an outbreak —Before coronavirus, there were SARS and MERS. Do epidemics ever really end? Subscribe to Fortune’s Brainstorm Health newsletter for daily updates on biopharma and health care.
from Fortune https://ift.tt/3ctbQ05
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dinafbrownil · 4 years
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Readers And Tweeters: More Than Two Sides To Every Story
Letters to the Editor is a periodic feature. We welcome all comments and will publish a selection. We edit for length and clarity and require full names.
Dispensing The Facts — Or Dispensing With The Facts?
Kaiser Health News and PolitiFact HealthCheck’s rating of our advertisement on House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s drug pricing legislation, H.R. 3, ignored key facts and third-party data that backed up the assertions made (“Pharma’s Take On The Pelosi Drug-Pricing Bill: Fair Warning Or Fearmongering?” Dec. 5).
In our ad, we correctly stated that H.R. 3 “would siphon $1 trillion or more from biopharmaceutical innovators over the next 10 years.” The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that just one part of the legislation (Title 1) would reduce revenues to the biopharmaceutical industry as high as $1 trillion. In addition, an analysis from Avalere, a leading health care consulting firm, found that H.R. 3 could “decrease manufacturer revenues by $1T for CYs 2020-2029 in the Medicare and commercial markets.” The KHN story excluded the Avalere analysis while providing no evidence that the impact was less than the amount estimated by CBO and others.
Moreover, our ad directly quoted CBO’s preliminary estimate, which said the bill “would result in lower spending on research and development and thus reduce the introduction of new drugs.” Despite being an exact quote, KHN still chose to rate this as “mostly false,” even though every person quoted in the article acknowledged there would be a reduction in new medicines.
The story also ignored a study from Vital Transformation, an economic consulting firm, which found H.R. 3 could result in at least 56 fewer innovative medicines from emerging biotech companies over 10 years. The impact on the entire industry would be much greater.
We stand by the claims we made in our advertisement and reject KHN’s analysis of our ad and the impact H.R. 3 would have on biopharma innovation.
― Robert Zirkelbach, executive vice president of public affairs, PhRMA, Washington, D.C.
The simple argument that a tradeoff exists is "mostly false"!? I agree the industry overplays the effect size but come on!
— Ben Ippolito (@ben_ippolito) December 5, 2019
— Ben Ippolito, Washington, D.C.
I was very glad to see Kaiser Health News look into and expose the false and misleading advertisements from the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) that had been running in “Politico PM Playbook” over the past few weeks leading up to the House vote on H.R. 3, “The Lower Drug Costs Now Act of 2019.”
This is exactly the kind of spotlight that we need more of on an industry that is pouring hundreds of millions of dollars into lobbying and false advertising in an attempt to stop any meaningful action that would threaten their record profits. We at Accountable.US are doing everything we can to expose the corruption, influence-purchasing and coziness between the pharmaceutical industry and the Trump administration, but we need the media to step up as well to help people cut through Big Pharma’s false advertisements and learn the truth.
Because to be clear: Corruption and lies may be par for the course in Washington, D.C., during the Trump era, but this is an issue that can’t be seen as simply another run-of-the-mill falsehood by a D.C trade organization. The cost of prescription drugs is a matter of life and death for millions of Americans and it’s an issue that elected officials have made commitments to address. But if the pharmaceutical industry is able to spread false and misleading information to policymakers and the public unchallenged and with impunity, then this critical work becomes far more difficult.
That is why following the Kaiser Health News analysis, I wrote a letter to the publisher and top editors of Politico requesting that the false advertisements be removed from the website and that further advertisements from PhRMA using assertions that have been labeled false be rejected.
― Kyle Herrig, president, Accountable.US, Washington, D.C.
This is a dumb. I use blended feeds every day, and while they are usually thick, it still works just fine. EnFit is small, yes, but it’s not any smaller than the g-tube port. It’s a safety mechanism that differentiates it from IV ports so tube feds are administered incorrectly. https://t.co/6bJ7YEw8KS
— 𝙂𝙐𝙉𝙉𝘼𝙍 𝙀𝙎𝙄𝘼𝙎𝙊𝙉 (@G17Esiason) December 16, 2019
— Gunnar Esiason, Hanover, N.H.
This ‘Warmline’ Is All Ears To All
I am the president of a nonprofit organization, Peers in Cayuga County, in Auburn, N.Y. We have been offering a “warmline” since 2015 (“‘Warm’ Hotlines Deliver Help Before Mental Health Crisis Heats Up,” Dec. 9). It operates 24/7/365. We volunteer in Cayuga County and mostly work with people within the county. But, when it comes to the warmline, we answer the phone and listen and talk with whomever is on the phone. We have received calls from out of the county as well as out of the state. We believe in supporting anyone who needs help and are open to anyone calling in to get the support they need. Of course, we don’t know which resources to direct them to nationwide, but people are people and we can support anyone. With that in mind, I would like to have our number listed in as many ways as possible so we can help whoever wants it: (315) 246-3004.
― Margaret Phinney, Auburn, N.Y.
Extra Pointers For Patients To Ward Off Billing Fraud
KHN Editor-in-Chief Elisabeth Rosenthal makes many excellent points (“Analysis: In Medical Billing, Fraudulent Charges Weirdly Pass As Legal,” Dec. 16), but please allow a few comments.
First, not to apply a neck brace in such an accident when the patient has been unconscious would be medical malpractice ― period.
Second, the article ignores patient responsibility. When a patient has been out of the hospital for a while, pain management should transition to one’s personal physician. Depending on state law, it may require an office visit, but it’s your personal physician’s job.
Regarding being offered unnecessary medical equipment such as walkers or commodes, just say no and sign that you refuse it. It is your choice. Actually, it could be argued that accepting unnecessary medical equipment constitutes fraud.
Finally, Ms. Rosenthal reminds us of post-accident “pfishing.” Accident reports are easily accessible. Honest businesses never cold-call patients. If you haven’t been told a referral is being made to “X” office and to expect a call, hang up! (Some states have laws forbidding this; you may wish to inform your state attorney general’s office.) Follow your doctor’s recommendations and don’t get hooked!
— Gloria Kohut, Grand Rapids, Mich.
This! Medical billing is a game of greed, confusion, obfuscation, and fraud, plain and simple. After my last experience with CU Health, I have refused to get medical attention I still need because I can't stand or afford the hugely profitable billing scam. https://t.co/1NbGyVvkVD
— Sharon McCreary (@selfesteemfail) December 19, 2019
— Sharon McCreary, Denver
I love this article! I want to know when we are going to stop accepting this as OK. Some of these bills can really hurt people who live on a fixed income. The government needs to step in and stop allowing these things to happen.
― Michaela Reyes-Holmes, Thompson, Ohio
Health care is crazy town. No other part of the economy looks anything like this, because no other sector is as deeply screwed up by government misregulation. #GovtFailure #NotMarketFailure https://t.co/Hjr6qYaZgV
— Kurt Couchman (@KurtCouchman) December 19, 2019
— Kurt Couchman, Burke, Va.
from Updates By Dina https://khn.org/news/readers-and-tweeters-more-than-two-sides-to-every-story/
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josephborrello · 5 years
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Magnitude and Direction, Issue #38 | 26 Jul 2019
Hardware, Prototyping, and Fabrication
Make functional, affordable hinges out of PVC pipe. (Definitely a technique mechanical engineering teams on a shoestring budget should have in their back pocket.) ➰➰Via The Prepared, a great twitter thread on why it's rarely ever worth it to build your own computing infrastructure (even when you get to scale). The real reasons the US won't switch to the metric system.
Software and Programming
AI and Art History aren't two topics you'd necessarily expect to be associated, but this unlikely marriage is helping properly attribute artworkacross a range of genres. Web Curios, where I originally came across this link, framed the website as a great resource for tricking people into thinking your waiting for an update to finish instead of just browsing on your phone. I'll let you all decide how you'd like to leverage the linked resources. Lots of games from the past look like they were fun to play, but it can be hard to find a rulebook during archaeological digs. That problem is beginning to be addressed through machine learning, which is helping us understand how these ancient games were played. Computers are now better at bluffing than we are. One does wonder, though, if human players behave differently when they're playing against a computer. It's one of many experiments we can't necessarily test perfectly, the focus of my Moment of Inertia musings this week.
Science, Engineering, and Biomedicine
🔜⛈ Via Gareth's Tips, Tools, and Shop Tales, a method to forecast the weather using a cup of coffee. (Definitely something I'm going to try at home.) 🤮 When it comes to romantic relationships, we do indeed appear to have a "type", whether we want to or not. I sh*t you not, here is an academic paper on the socio-psychology of BS artists. Lots of great science content in this edition. Even the lowest-profile heart monitoring devices can be cumbersome to wear for long periods of time, limiting the clinical data that can be gathered. But what if all you had to do was get a tattoo? (Here's the original paper.) ‍ This past weekend was the 50th anniversary of the first moon landing. Neil and Buzz, however, weren't on the moon for a very long time, compared with the overall mission duration. In fact, a whole lot of the mission was just boring status updates from the astronauts and mission control. You can relive it all, in real time, though, through this highly accurate mission simulator.
Mapping, History, and Data Science
The story of how a janitor at Frito-Lay came up with Flamin' Hot Cheetos. (And sorry, the popcorn emoji was the closest thing to a cheeto I could find.) I've seen this article kicking around for a few weeks and decided to share it here as well, since it's just so interesting and deals with data that many of us wouldn't even consider analyzing: "Hedge Funds Are Tracking Private Jets to Find the Next Megadeal". From the majors to the minors, pretty much all baseball stadiums have netting behind the plate to protect spectators from foul balls. But, given where foul balls actually land, is the current netting setup sufficient?
Events and Opportunities
Is it just me, or is there more activity this summer than in summers past? Also, I don't mention this enough, but if there are upcoming events that I don't have listed here, and/or events you'd like me to share, feel free to drop me a line andlet me know. I'll add it!
Tuesday, 7/30 If you couldn't make it to NYDesigns' hardware accelerator lunch and learn last month, don't worry, they're holding an after-work happy hour to meet other potential cohort members, mentors, NYDesigns staff, and learn about the accelerator program.
Wednesday, 7/31 The NY Hardware Startup meetup isn't holding any formal meetings for the summer, but that won't stop them from getting together for some drinks at Other Half Brewing Co. for a summer happy hour.
Wednesday, 7/31 The Digital Health CT accelerator will be coming to NYC to hear pitches from local digital health startups competing for one of 10 spots in Digital Health CT’s zero-equity accelerator. Whether you’re interested in meeting experts in the field, connecting with startups, or contributing your own knowledge to the startup community, you're welcome to attend and share some food and drinks with you along the way! If you're interested in attending, RSVP here. If you're interested in pitching email Ben Fischbein at [email protected]. If you think your startup could be a fit for the program, you can apply here.
Tuesday, 8/6 Taste of Science is back at Ryan's Daughter for their next drinks-and-lectures event, focusing on infectious diseases.
Wednesday, 8/7 Starting next month, BioLabs@NYU Langone hosts "Larger Than Life Science" a free monthly event series open to everyone interested in building a strong support network for New York’s life science and healthcare innovators. The inaugural event will provide an opportunity to learn about the co-working lab model, explore the microbiome, and taste clinical nutritional goodies.
Friday, 8/9 Uptown nanotech enthusiasts, this is your moment! Nanotech NYC's next Nanonite Social is being held at Harlem Tavern.
Some other upcoming events to keep on your radar...
Tuesday, 8/13 Join the New York Biopharma networking group for their August meetup, back at Tir Na Nog in midtown.
Friday, 8/23 Join the New York Academy of Sciences for a brainy comedy night where local scientists will attempt to confirm the hypothesis that science does indeed have a sense of humor.
Wednesday, 9/25 Coming off their 1st birthday party, the NYC JLABS crew is taking a short break for the summer but will be back in September for their next Innovators and Entrepreneurs mixer.
Tuesday, 10/15 October may feel far away, but I promise you it's not and you'll want to be sure to mark your calendars for GRO-Biotech's next big event the Careers & Connections mini-conference andnetworking event, held concurrently with emerging healthcare technologies conference SINAInnovations.
Map of the Month
Here's a map of all (all?) the satellites orbiting the Earth right now.
Odds & Ends
⚙🔄➡ You've heard of dial-up internet, but what about crank-up internet?
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jamesgeiiger · 5 years
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Green Growth’s CEO dismisses doubts about the bid for Aphria that a short seller is calling a ‘fakeover’
Aphria Inc. shares fell 4.3 per cent to US$5.99 on Monday as investors questioned a hostile takeover bid for the Canadian marijuana producer from Green Growth Brands Ltd.
Columbus, Ohio-based Green Growth, which owns one cannabis retail store in the U.S., said on Dec. 27 it was planning to make a $2.8 billion unsolicited takeover offer for Aphria. Short-seller Hindenburg Research, which has previously targeted Aphria, immediately called the bid “non-credible” and raised questions about connections between the two companies.
Green Growth Chief Executive Officer Peter Horvath responded by phone Friday to some of those doubts. His comments have been edited and condensed.
Aphria targeted in $2.8-billion hostile takeover bid from U.S.-based Green Growth Brands
Why Shopify and Parex are welcome under the tree, but cannabis isn’t
Aphria the target of proposed class action following short-seller allegations that tanked stock
Q: Hindenburg Research alleges Green Growth’s offer isn’t actually a hostile takeover bid but a related-party “fakeover.” What’s your response?
A: I read the short report. There’s not much to comment on because we have a real business. Honestly, if Aphria wanted to construct … related-party transactions, why wouldn’t they just accept the offer? It is what it is, there’s nothing to debate. We’ve never hidden anything.
Q: What’s your relationship with Aphria Chief Executive Officer Vic Neufeld?
A: I met Vic once probably in September. Then in October, I saw him briefly when they were doing a legalization party. But I haven’t talked to him since.
Q: Your company’s second-largest shareholder is GA Opportunities Corp., a fund backed by Aphria and advised by Neufeld. Hindenburg calls it a “remarkable coincidence” that Aphria holds a major stake in its own hostile bidder through a fund advised by its own CEO. Did you know that?
A: We’ve held the line consistently that GA Opportunities was a fund that made an investment in us. We didn’t meet with the people that provided the money to them. We didn’t discuss it. It basically was brought to us, “Hey, we want to do a private placement with you,” and we accepted that. Normally we don’t ask who’s behind the money because normally the answer is very complicated.
Q: Hindenburg believes your bid to be an attempt to “generate the appearance of demand in the hopes of spurring credible offers” for Aphria. Is it?
A: No one at Aphria said, “Hey, please try to buy us.” I haven’t had that conversation. This pretty much happened independently. … I know that the folks in Canada on Bay Street are all pretty tightly knit and everybody knows everybody, so it doesn’t completely surprise me. I don’t think they made that investment hoping that we would buy them. That just seems really far-fetched.
Q: Hindenburg says the Schottenstein family — Green Growth’s biggest shareholder — was involved with Aphria just one year ago. What do you say to that?
A: The Schottensteins, as far as I know, do not own any Aphria stock. Therefore, this is an appropriate transaction. I know that the board of Aphria and the management team of Aphria were not involved in developing this idea. In fact, what’s very visible is that they’ve rejected the idea. I feel everything’s fine, above board and transparent.
Q: Hindenburg also raised concerns about two individuals, Shawn Dym and Adam Arviv, who both had directorship roles at Green Growth as recently as October and both have close ties with Aphria. What about that?
A: When we did the reverse takeover [of Xanthic Biopharma], we got a new board. Shawn represents a family trust, I believe. They put some feed money into us back in March, and as a result, Shawn had a board seat. Adam Arviv had a board seat and the Schottensteins had two board seats. So then the reverse takeover took place and we adopted the board from Xanthic. We’re still in the process of re-forming the board now.
Q: When did you get involved with Green Growth and whose idea was it to approach Aphria?
A: I got involved in looking at the idea of forming the company in December of 2017. I presented a business plan and then we formed the company March 1. … Like seven or eight days ago, Cannacord, our investment bankers, and Norton Rose, an M&A firm, brought to us the idea that this is a possibility to combine the companies.
Q: Did you question how your much smaller company would acquire a big one? How many retail locations does Green Growth have? 
A: Right now we own one. We have a second that we have an option to buy in Nevada. We were awarded seven licences in Nevada. We also recently closed on a purchase of a Massachusetts licence that gives us a grow facility, a processing facility and three stores. We also are underway working with six different developers, who represent most of the malls in the United States. We believe that by the end of this year we’re going to have 300 mall kiosks.
Q: After reading the short seller’s report, are you reconsidering your offer for Aphria or do you have any new concerns about the relationship between your two companies?
A: We don’t want to put ourselves in a position that jeopardizes our existing business, which has a lot of upside. If there’s anything that would appear inappropriate, we wouldn’t allow this to take place. We’re not into get-rich-quick schemes. We’re looking at real assets, real value, a seasoned management, and a true operating capabilities. At the end of the day, this is going to be up to shareholders to decide. There’s no opportunity to pull a fast one here.
Bloomberg.com
Green Growth’s CEO dismisses doubts about the bid for Aphria that a short seller is calling a ‘fakeover’ published first on https://worldwideinvestforum.tumblr.com/
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mikemortgage · 5 years
Text
Green Growth’s CEO dismisses doubts after bid for much bigger Aphria raises eyebrows
Aphria Inc. shares fell 4.3 per cent to US$5.99 on Monday as investors questioned a hostile takeover bid for the Canadian marijuana producer from Green Growth Brands Ltd.
Columbus, Ohio-based Green Growth, which owns one cannabis retail store in the U.S., said on Dec. 27 it was planning to make a $2.8 billion unsolicited takeover offer for Aphria. Short-seller Hindenburg Research, which has previously targeted Aphria, immediately called the bid “non-credible” and raised questions about connections between the two companies.
Green Growth Chief Executive Officer Peter Horvath responded by phone Friday to some of those doubts. His comments have been edited and condensed.
Aphria targeted in $2.8-billion hostile takeover bid from U.S.-based Green Growth Brands
Why Shopify and Parex are welcome under the tree, but cannabis isn’t
Aphria the target of proposed class action following short-seller allegations that tanked stock
Q: Hindenburg Research alleges Green Growth’s offer isn’t actually a hostile takeover bid but a related-party “fakeover.” What’s your response?
A: I read the short report. There’s not much to comment on because we have a real business. Honestly, if Aphria wanted to construct … related-party transactions, why wouldn’t they just accept the offer? It is what it is, there’s nothing to debate. We’ve never hidden anything.
Q: What’s your relationship with Aphria Chief Executive Officer Vic Neufeld?
A: I met Vic once probably in September. Then in October, I saw him briefly when they were doing a legalization party. But I haven’t talked to him since.
Q: Your company’s second-largest shareholder is GA Opportunities Corp., a fund backed by Aphria and advised by Neufeld. Hindenburg calls it a “remarkable coincidence” that Aphria holds a major stake in its own hostile bidder through a fund advised by its own CEO. Did you know that?
A: We’ve held the line consistently that GA Opportunities was a fund that made an investment in us. We didn’t meet with the people that provided the money to them. We didn’t discuss it. It basically was brought to us, “Hey, we want to do a private placement with you,” and we accepted that. Normally we don’t ask who’s behind the money because normally the answer is very complicated.
Q: Hindenburg believes your bid to be an attempt to “generate the appearance of demand in the hopes of spurring credible offers” for Aphria. Is it?
A: No one at Aphria said, “Hey, please try to buy us.” I haven’t had that conversation. This pretty much happened independently. … I know that the folks in Canada on Bay Street are all pretty tightly knit and everybody knows everybody, so it doesn’t completely surprise me. I don’t think they made that investment hoping that we would buy them. That just seems really far-fetched.
Q: Hindenburg says the Schottenstein family — Green Growth’s biggest shareholder — was involved with Aphria just one year ago. What do you say to that?
A: The Schottensteins, as far as I know, do not own any Aphria stock. Therefore, this is an appropriate transaction. I know that the board of Aphria and the management team of Aphria were not involved in developing this idea. In fact, what’s very visible is that they’ve rejected the idea. I feel everything’s fine, above board and transparent.
Q: Hindenburg also raised concerns about two individuals, Shawn Dym and Adam Arviv, who both had directorship roles at Green Growth as recently as October and both have close ties with Aphria. What about that?
A: When we did the reverse takeover [of Xanthic Biopharma], we got a new board. Shawn represents a family trust, I believe. They put some feed money into us back in March, and as a result, Shawn had a board seat. Adam Arviv had a board seat and the Schottensteins had two board seats. So then the reverse takeover took place and we adopted the board from Xanthic. We’re still in the process of re-forming the board now.
Q: When did you get involved with Green Growth and whose idea was it to approach Aphria?
A: I got involved in looking at the idea of forming the company in December of 2017. I presented a business plan and then we formed the company March 1. … Like seven or eight days ago, Cannacord, our investment bankers, and Norton Rose, an M&A firm, brought to us the idea that this is a possibility to combine the companies.
Q: Did you question how your much smaller company would acquire a big one? How many retail locations does Green Growth have? 
A: Right now we own one. We have a second that we have an option to buy in Nevada. We were awarded seven licences in Nevada. We also recently closed on a purchase of a Massachusetts licence that gives us a grow facility, a processing facility and three stores. We also are underway working with six different developers, who represent most of the malls in the United States. We believe that by the end of this year we’re going to have 300 mall kiosks.
Q: After reading the short seller’s report, are you reconsidering your offer for Aphria or do you have any new concerns about the relationship between your two companies?
A: We don’t want to put ourselves in a position that jeopardizes our existing business, which has a lot of upside. If there’s anything that would appear inappropriate, we wouldn’t allow this to take place. We’re not into get-rich-quick schemes. We’re looking at real assets, real value, a seasoned management, and a true operating capabilities. At the end of the day, this is going to be up to shareholders to decide. There’s no opportunity to pull a fast one here.
Bloomberg.com
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foursprout-blog · 6 years
Text
"I Was A Fool": Here Is Martin Shkreli's Letter Begging Judge For Forgiveness
New Post has been published on http://foursprout.com/wealth/i-was-a-fool-here-is-martin-shkrelis-letter-begging-judge-for-forgiveness/
"I Was A Fool": Here Is Martin Shkreli's Letter Begging Judge For Forgiveness
For a long time, Martin Shkreli approached reality the way a drunk alcoholic approaches, well, reality: his arrest, his court appearances, his house detention, to him it all seemed like a surreal, vast, elaborate joke. However, as time went by, as the judge found Shkreli personally responsible for $10.4 million in losses, and the prospect of spending years in a higher-security prison, it finally dawned on the scrawny 34-year-old that his near-to-mid term future is suddenly disastrously bleak.
As a result, the remorseful former hedge fund manager and pharmacist wrote a letter to the judge who will sentence him next Friday, begging for forgiveness and promising that he’ll be “more careful, open and honest” if she doesn’t impose a long prison term, admitting the he “was a fool” and “should have known better.”
“I assure you that any mercy shown at sentencing will be met with a strict adherence to this oath and I hope to make your honor proud of me in the years ahead,” Shkreli said in a letter he wrote on Feb. 26 from the Brooklyn detention center where he’s been holed up since September.
It wasn’t always like that: Shkreli, who in the summer of 2015 was dubbed “the most-hated-man in America” after raising the price of a life-saving drug by 5,000%, mocked and blasted members of a congressional panel who had quizzed him about the price hike, calling them “imbeciles” on Twitter.
Things got weirder last September when Shkreli issued a bounty for a sample of Hillary Clinton’s hair, an act which prompted Judge Kiyo Matsumoto to revoke his house arrest and send him to prison.
And now, with Shkreli’s sentencing just days away on March 9, the infamous hedge funder and former biopharma exec is suddenly begging if not for forgiveness then understanding. The reason? As we reported two days ago, Judge Matsumoto found that Shkreli caused investors to lose more than $10.4 million, rejecting his claim he made them money. 
Shkreli’s blockbuster legal team led by Ben Brafman, said that decision means Shkreli could face a sentence of more than 30 years in prison, arguing it’s a term he doesn’t deserve. “He is a caring intellectual” who’s helped find cures for diseases that afflict kids, Brafman said of Shkreli. But he’s is plagued by “personal demons hell bent on self-destruction,” the lawyer added according to Bloomberg.
It gets worse: according to prison consultant Joel Sickler while Shkreli would ordinarily be eligible to serve his time in a minimum-security federal camp that resembles “an austere college campus,” officials will instead place him in a higher-security facility because of his threat against Clinton.
That will mean Shkreli will be housed in a crowded prison filled with felons who’ve been convicted of violent crimes ranging from racketeers, drug cartel leaders and sex offenders, all posing a threat to what Sickler called Shkreli’s “fragile mental state.”
Which again brings us to the letter, where in Shkreli’s first direct communication with the judge, he called his five-week trial a “frightening wake-up call” and blamed his actions on insecurity, saying, “I wanted to be more than I was. I exaggerated.”
He admitted that he’d “dodged” questions posed by his investors or gave answers “that were only correct if put in a certain assumed context.” He described himself as a “irreverent and free-wheeling individual” whose comments and actions didn’t reflect his true nature.
“I regret where my temper can take me when I get angry or feel betrayed,” he pleaded.
His verbal contrition may not be enough.
Prosecutors are scheduled to make their sentencing recommendation on March 5.
Shkreli’s full letter is below:
* * *
Your Honor,
I hope my trial gave the Court sufficient insight into the case, and also to me as a person. I hope Your Honor will treat me as an individual. I acknowledge and respect the Jury’s verdict, but the verdict is not who I am.
Despite the Jury’s verdict, I maintain that I never intended to actually harm anyone. I am not trying to be defiant or obstinate. I accept the fact that I made serious mistakes, but I still believe that I am a good person with much potential.
I have watched this process unfold, from indictment to verdict and although Mr. Brafman and his colleagues are peerless defenders, they cannot fully reproduce my own perspective, only I can try. I understand it, I am very far from blameless. I caused this entire mess to happen. I lost the trust of my investors who now have questioned my motives and integrity. This is a painful realization that I will never forget. I had pride in the final results of MSMB, but after hearing the investor testimony, the concept of “all’s well that ends well” is clearly a poor attempt to excuse my many preventable mistakes.
Investors deserve truth. Investors deserve transparency. Any loss of trust in the sacred relationship between investor and manager is the manager’s fault and could have been avoided. At times, I dodged answering questions at other times I provided answers that were only correct if put in a certain assumed context. These choices are now seen as attempts by me to deceive and manipulate, and it is my fault.
The truth is somewhere in between. I wanted to be more than I was. I exaggerated if I felt I had any basis to make the claim. I am now, however, a more self confident and secure person. The demons that haunted me — the root cause of my insecurity in my life — no longer all exist. I have learned a very painful lesson. Never again will I prevaricate or omit or mislead-intentionally or not. There are ways to communicate which eliminate the possibility of doubt and alternative interpretations of fact. I take responsibility for the fact that I used to behave and communicate in this way. It was wrong. I was a fool. I should have known better. Watching my trial was a very scary experience. For the first time in my fife I saw me from other people’s perspective and realized that most people don’t share my perspective.
It breaks my heart that good and honest people were dragged into this mess because of me. Some of my investors who took a chance on me; my colleagues, many of whom now regret having partnered with me; my family and friends, whose worry is more painful to me than anything else; patients and charitable organizations, whose fives and activities have been upended in some cases; and the huge loss of economic resources and productivity that this case represents. It wouldn’t have happened if I was more careful, more honest, more reasonable and far wiser.
Today I am the majority owner of businesses worth many millions of dollars, but more importantly, I employ over a hundred people globally, in high-paying jobs who have critical roles and responsibilities. They are counting on me, and I let them down. I have learned a harsh lesson. The trial and six months in a maximum security prison has been a frightening wake-up call. I now understand how I need to change.
I feel I should try to explain my personality. I am an irreverent and free-wheeling individual, who has never been shy about speaking my mind. I am an individual who prizes equal rights, scholastic achievement and individuality. Please understand that when I get into a public war of words with someone, my comments do not always reflect my true nature. Sadly, when I get dragged into mud fight, I often dive in, head first. I pray Your Honor doesn’t hold this behavior against me or mistake it for my regular approach to life. At times, I have been characterized totally incorrectly at trial by some who are biased, as litigation opponents for example do not make fair critics. I regret where my temper can take me when I get angry or feel betrayed. I have worked on this bad habit for some months now and will try to find equanimity in the future.
Prison has been both the most frightening experience in my life but also an opportunity for me to see a side of the world seldom seen or discussed. I have tried my best to make a positive impact on many of the people I encounter here. If I have something to teach my fellow inmates, I implored them to listen and learn. I have comforted the forlorn and forgotten men facing long sentences, many are severely depressed, and sadly, suicidal. I try my best to set a good example for these individuals too, knowing my fame and achievements were something they might know of, and I try my best to explain that in order to have a chance to succeed, they had to make a serious commitment to lifelong education and move far away from poisonous surroundings and attitudes that lead to a temptation to cut corners and commit crimes.
My own advice has not gone unheeded by me. I have also been lucky in my life to be surrounded by some wonderful people who have been better to me than I deserve. I owe them a life built on honesty, integrity and achievement that advances humanity. I assure you that any mercy shown at sentencing will be met with a strict adherence to this oath and I hope to make Your Honor proud of me in the years ahead. I promise to be more careful, open and honest in my business dealings so that I never again have to hear people who once had faith in me and trusted me testify or complain that I misled them or let them down terribly. Just as important, however, is my pledge to Your Honor that if you find it appropriate to impose a sentence that does not include an extended period of incarceration, I will do my absolute best to use my skills and whatever talents I have been blessed with for the betterment of humanity. I honestly believe that I can contribute and really make a difference if Your Honor gives me a chance.
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isaacscrawford · 6 years
Text
Science Fiction Coming to Life
By DAVID SHAYWITZ, MD
  Given the size and scope of the annual J.P. Morgan (JPM) Healthcare meeting (I resisted the temptation to say “diversity”), everyone in town – the minority who actually attend the formal presentations, and the many others who show up in San Francisco to meet and network – comes away with a slightly different experience.
With this caveat (and with the explicit reminder/disclosure that I now work at a life science venture fund, and as always, I’m speaking only for myself), I left the meeting with two fairly pronounced takeaways.
JPM: Two Contrasting Takeaways
First, this feels like an unbelievable, almost magical time in biopharma – a colleague described it (in a good way) as science fiction coming to life. Biological technologies, approaches, and ambitions that might have been dismissed as fantasies only a few years ago now are part of the fabric of the industry – and increasingly, it seems, clinical care. Gene therapy, gene editing, cell therapy, immune modulation – these modalities, alone and in combination, are what many in and around biopharma are contemplating, and the sorts of programs many drug development organizations are hoping to prosecute. It’s hardly surprising many JPM participants emerged with the sense of optimism my Forbes colleague Matthew Herper so accurately captured.
I was equally surprised by what I saw – or more accurately, didn’t see – through the lens of data and technology. As I’ve shared on Twitter, in addition to life science opportunities, I aspire to focus on the elusive middle-ground between tech and life science, and identify and invest in grounded, implementation-focused tech-powered startups that can improve how impactful new treatments are discovered, evaluated, and delivered. However, my overwhelming impression from this year’s JPM is that while data and tech may be embraced at the level of the C-suite, and while everyone professes an interest in AI, these emerging approaches and ways of thinking have generally not penetrated most biopharma organizations at the line/operations level, and have generally not yet impacted how these organizations actually approach their basic work of discovering and developing new therapeutics. Exploratory innovation initiatives, of course, abound, as do data wrangling and integration efforts (see here, eg), but these activities as yet seem to have had minimal impact on how most R&D is actually prosecuted within these organizations.
From what I can gather, it’s not a hostility to technology as much as a sense that it’s not immediately clear to most of those in the trenches how (or even whether) the emerging technologies will meaningfully impact the work they need to do, and many are concerned about, or at least wary of, the additional work it may create. Most acknowledge the possibility that big data and emerging analytics will likely be useful eventually, but few see these changes on the immediate horizon.
Technologist View
One biologist who does believe we’re on the threshold of profound change is Vijay Pande, a computational biologist and investor at the high-profile VC fund Andreessen-Horowitz, best known for their tech prowess, but increasingly looking towards biology; they recently raised their second biology-focused fund ($450M), and have built out their biology/healthcare team. During JPM, Pande published a (characteristically) thoughtful essay that captured what might be described as the tech view of biology.
The gist of Pande’s argument is that biology is especially complex because evolution has left cells with the equivalent of “technical debt” – essentially, old code that isn’t really used but has stuck around; cells can be “refactored,” he argues – the old code removed, the essential stuff retained and perhaps refined. Moreover, our ability to understand biology has been limited by the intellectual capabilities of the human mind; turn AI loose on biology, he argues, and we’ll be able to “go beyond the limits of the human mind and inherited tech debt.” And when “we can go beyond human hunches to really understanding biology,” Pande says, “we get far greater predictive power.” He adds,
“For the first time, the technical debt and ‘spaghetti code’ of biology can be mapped, understood, and even refactored. And given the better-than-Moore’s-Law for bio, this is happening at a time when genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc. have become relatively inexpensive to map. Coupled with the advances in AI (which itself are driven by similar cost reduction curves), this all opens the door to new applications of biology for healthcare with unprecedented accuracy. So the question becomes: When you finally understand the spaghetti code of bio, what can you do with it?”
Pande’s perspective on our current state of understanding – the view that we’re on threshold of replacing empirical experimentation with in silico analysis — contrasts sharply with the perspective of almost everyone I met at JPM with biopharma domain expertise. Most would likely dismiss Pande’s take as incredibly naïve, disconnected from their lived reality. As outspoken entrepreneur Ethan Perlstein (an impassioned empiricist) put it, rather acidly, on Twitter, Pande’s piece “is like an AI bot imitating a first year CS grad student discovering biology for the first time on Wikipedia.” Well, then.
Tech futurists like Pande typically are not troubled by such critique; many have the view that workers in industries about to be disrupted by tech don’t see it coming, and tend to see such disruption as the sort of thing that impacts other people and other industries, often discovering too late that they were wrong. (Of course, sometimes it’s the futurists who are wrong — flying cars, anyone?)
How Will Tech Find Its Way Into Pharma?
My own view is that we’re still pretty far away from the future Pande describes, and I’ve seen little evidence to suggest technology has brought us anywhere close to meaningfully resolving the complexity of biology and of biological systems, much less turning drug discovery and development into a tidy in silico exercise.
And yet, as fantastical as this tech perspective seems, my sense is that there’s something incredibly robust and exciting behind it. Pande’s optimism, I suspect, is driven by the remarkable progress that occurring on the tech side, especially in the tools available for collecting and analyzing data, often in massive quantities. Simply stated, these tools are too powerful and too important not to impact how we think about biology and drug discovery. The question is how to bring the power of these tools to bear in developing impactful new medicines for patients. (See also this recent post on the vital, often-underappreciated importance of implementation.)
To this point, much of the interaction has taken the form of transactional engagements, what I call “Rumpelstiltskin” projects, designed essentially to spin straw into gold. For example, a pharma company has a dataset (such as from a failed trial), and the tech co is tasked with finding hidden value – a discriminatory biomarker, perhaps. Or, a pharma company is struggling with designing a small molecule against a particular target, and the tech co is tasked with using their proprietary methodology to deliver it.
In the near term, I suspect the main impact of technology on drug development will be through such transactions. A pharma is more likely to license a compound developed through fancy analytics (it knows how to evaluate compounds) than it is to license, successfully implement, and routinely incorporate the analytic methodology itself. Given that the economics for products (especially after early clinical de-risking) tend to be especially attractive, it’s perhaps not surprising that many companies that start as analytic or diagnostic companies ultimately pivot towards therapeutics.
After enough of these successes, however, pharmas will recognize that competence in modern analytics (or big data), is essential for drug development (a must-have, rather than a nice-to-have, in consultant-speak), and at that point will strive with a real sense of urgency to internalize and integrate both the technology and the expertise.
The Nature Of Medical Progress
While such tech-enabled drug discovery may seem remote today, consider how far-fetched gene editing and gene therapy seemed just a few years ago – who would have guessed they would so quickly become must-have biological technologies?
Medical advances rarely arrive as overnight successes, and powerful new approaches tend to fail before they succeed, as Anish Koka has described in this truly magnificent, must-read essay on the history of organ transplantation.
“We need the pessimists,” writes Koka, “because most attempts at progress in medicine will fail. But we also need the relentless optimists, because just maybe, one of them will break through and make the impossible possible.
The point – which Paul Kedrosky described on Twitter as “the “Triumph of the Optimists” argument, or the Enlightenment idea of progress” – is that the naive/optimistic belief that progress just around corner motivates the intense effort often required to deliver change, even though the change generally takes far longer to achieve than the initial champions imagined.
We’ve seen this in gene therapy, an effort that took more than thirty years of hard work, as biotech CEO Cyrus Harmon pointed out on Twitter. Moreover, as VC Vishal Gulati wryly observed, “at no point in those thirty years did we believe it was not imminent in the next five years.” (tweet lightly edited for clarity).
I resonate with the relentless optimism that propels medical science forward – it’s also what I love most about tech and Silicon Valley. And as out of touch as the tech view of biology seems today, I am excited about the potential of emerging technologies to radically redefine the way we approach biology and understand disease.
To be sure, it would behoove tech futurists (and particularly, I suspect, tech futurists who are investors) to have the humility to appreciate the difficulty of taming biology. But it seems equally important for contemporary drug developers to remind themselves of the need for radical improvement, of the possibility of radical change, and of the tendency for disruption, like bankruptcy, to arrive slowly at first, then all at once.
  Article source:The Health Care Blog
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arethawieck71-blog · 7 years
Text
What To Do Concerning The Backstabber In Your Lifestyle.
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mthrynn · 7 years
Link
Twenty years ago high performance computing was nearly absent from life sciences. Today it’s used throughout life sciences and biomedical research. Genomics and the data deluge from modern lab instruments are the main drivers, but so is the longer-term desire to perform predictive simulation in support of Precision Medicine (PM). There’s even a specialized life sciences supercomputer, ‘Anton’ from D.E. Shaw Research, and the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center is standing up its second Anton 2 and actively soliciting project proposals. There’s a lot going on.
“The ultimate goal is to simulate your body,” says Ari Berman, vice president and general manager of life sciences computing consultancy BioTeam whose clients span government, academia, and biopharma. “If we can do that can we target what’s wrong and not only increase lifespan but also our health-span. The health span is still quite short in the US even though people are living longer.”
Ari Berman, BioTeam
Of course we aren’t there yet, but the needle is moving in the right direction and fast according to Berman. In this conversation with HPCwire, Berman examines the changing dynamics in HPC use in life sciences research today along with thoughts on the future. In 2015, he predicted that 25 percent of life scientists would require access to HPC resources – a forecast he now says was correct. By the end of 2017 the number will rise to around 35 percent and could be 50 percent by the end of 2018. The reason uptake has been relatively slow, says Berman, is that HPC remains an unfriendly or at least unfamiliar place for the majority of LS researchers.
Long-term it won’t matter. The science requires it and the emergence of scientist-friendly gateways such as CyVerse (formerly iPlant) are accelerating HPC adoption in life sciences by simplifying access, says Berman. In this whirlwind tour of HPC in the life sciences, Berman talks about several important themes, starting with broad trends in HPC use followed by specific trends in key technologies:
Life Science HPC Use Today
Genomics Data isn’t the Biggest Driver
Trends in LS Core Compute – Think Density
Data Management & Storage Challenge.
Networking – Not So Easy Anymore.
Processor Frenzy? Not!
Theme 1 – Spreading HPC Use Via Portals; LS’s Changing Data Drivers
Characterizing HPC use in life sciences can be problematic, notes Berman, “It depends on what you define as HPC. If spinning up a CfnCluster at Amazon is HPC, that the number has grown a lot larger. If we are looking at traditional HPC facilities, that are whole owned datacenter and managed by HPC technicians, then it’s a bit smaller just because those resources aren’t as readily available. So I am going to go with the wider definition on this one because a lot of HPC these days is being done in the various clouds under various conditions. In cancer research, for instance, they’ve got a full data commons project going run out of NCI and each one of those has a really nice graphic interface for the use of HPC resources, both on-prem resources and the cloud. I think things like that are going to become more prevalent.
“In 2015 I thought that 25 percent of life scientists would require access to HPC and at least at NIH that is absolutely true and at most places it was true. I verified [the estimate] with the guys who run the NIH HPC resources at Biowulf (main NIH HPC cluster, ~60K cores). We’ve had a number of accounts that have gone exactly the same way. At this point the biggest rate-limiting factor is the lack of knowledge of command line and how to operate with it among lab scientists. I believe that life sciences usage would be more like half if that wasn’t a barrier. HPC is traditionally not an easy thing to use, even when you are not writing your own software.
“What we’re starting to evangelize and I think that what’s going to happen is the proliferation of science gateways, this idea that was started by Nancy Wilkins-Diehr (Assoc. Dir., San Diego Supercomputer Center). That idea is going to continue to grow but on a wider scale and enable bench scientists who just don’t have the sophistication or time to learn command line and queuing systems but want to get to some standard stuff on really high powered computers. We’re building a few of these gateways for some customers to enable wide scale HPC access in very unsophisticated computational environments. I think that will bring down the barrier for general usage in life sciences.
“For 2017 I’m going to go a bit more conservative than I want to and say it will probably jump to 35%, so another ten percent will probably start where the availability and use of those resources is going to go way up by not requiring command line access and the ability to use common tools. In fact there’s likely going to be a period of abstraction that happens where that some life scientists don’t know they are using HPC but are with resources like CyVerse and other portals that actually do access and utilize high performance computing on the back end. My guess is by the end of 2018 it will be at least half are using HPC.”
Theme 2 – Genomics Data is No Longer Top HPC Need Driver
“What’s happening now is that genomics is not the only big kid on the block. [In large measure] sequencing platforms are normalizing in terms of data output, the style and quantity and size and what’s possible with the amount of files being generated, and are starting to standardize a bit. Now the optic technology that made next generation sequencing possible is moving to other devices such as microscopes creating new streams of data.
“So the new heavy hitters are these light shaping microscopes and one of these devices with like 75 percent usage can generate up to 25TB of data a week and that’s more than sequencers. And it does it easily and quickly and gives you just enormous amounts of image data and there’s a whole number of these things hitting the lab. I can tell you, as a person who formerly spent lots of time on confocal microscopes, I would have loved these because it saves you an enormous amount of time and gives you higher resolutions.
“Light shaping microscopy is one of the things displacing next gen sequencing as a leading generator of data; closely behind that is cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoem) where they use very high resolution scanning electron microscopes against cryopreserved slices of tissue. This allows them not to have to fix and stain a section of tissue or whatever they are looking at. It allows them to just freeze it very quickly and look at it without chemical modifications, which allows researchers to do things like actually see protein structures of viruses, DNA, very small molecules, and all sorts of interesting things. Cryoems can generate 5TB of data per day. So there’s a lot of data coming out and the analyses of that information is also expanding quite a bit as well – it’s all image recognition. Really the imaging field is nipping at the heels of not surpassing the data generation potential of next generation sequencing.”
Managing and analyzing this imaging data moved life sciences computing beyond traditional genomics and bioinformatics and gets into phenotyping and correlation and structural biology – all of which require more computational power, specifically HPC, to handle, “These other types of research domains that extends the capability for using HPC for primary analysis and for just plain data management for these volumes of data. You can’t do it on a workstation.”
As a brief interesting aside, Berman suggested the capability of applying machine learning to this kind of imaging data analysis is still fairly limited. The new flood of imaging data is certainly driving increased GPU use (touched on later in this article) but use of ML to interpret the imaging data isn’t ready for prime time.
“The problem with machine learning is that the more complex the model the less likely it is to resolve. The number of variables you have in any sort of supervised or unsupervised machine learning model – supervised does better with greater number of variable if you train it first – but the problem with using ML with region of interest selection and things like that is the variability can be incredibly high in life sciences. You are not looking for something that is necessarily of a uniform shape or size or color variations things like that.
“The more tightly you can define your matrix in a machine learning algorithm the better it works. So the answer is maybe. I am sure someone is trying but I don’t know of it, certainly Facebook does this to some degree. But faces are an easy to predict shape out of as lot of noise so selecting a region of interest of a face out of a picture is a much easier thing than trying to select for something that no one really knows what it looks like and isn’t easy to picture, like a virus. Maybe over time that model can be built.”
Interestingly, there is currently a major effort to advance machine learning infrastructure as part of the NCI Cancer Moonshot program (See HPCwire article, Enlisting Deep Learning in the War on Cancer). Hopes are high but it is still early days there.
Theme 3 – Trends in LS Core Compute: Think Density
“Core compute in life sciences was pretty uninteresting for quite awhile. It was a solved problem and easy to do. The challenge in life sciences was the heterogeneity of the systems and configurations because they handle an incredibly wide range of computational needs. It generally had very little to do with the CPUs and more to do with I/O capacity, memory bandwidth, memory availability and things like that.
“But it’s pretty clear that we have finally started to reach the point we just can’t cram any more transistors in a CPU without making it slower and taking more energy,” says Berman echoing the mantra heard throughout HPC these days. “The operating frequency of CPUs has flattened and started actually to go down. They are still getting faster but that’s because they’re making more optimization than in the past. We are also at the point where you really can’t get that many more cores on a die without significantly affecting your power budget and your cooling and things like that. I’m not sure there’s going to be a lot more core density coming up in the future, but compute requirements continue to increase and density matters in that case.”
One result, he says, is a growing push, at least with regard to space and energy budgets, towards greater system density. Again, this is something rippling through advanced scale computing generally and not restricted to life sciences.
Comet, Source: Dell
“I was doing a tour of San Diego Supercomputing Center [recently] and amazed at the compute density. I’ve seen Comet before there but it’s so tiny yet it has almost as many cores as Stampede (TACC) which takes up eight full length aisles in the datacenter. Comet takes two small aisles. It’s a really interesting comparison to see how the density of compute has increased. I think that’s one of the things that is going to catch on more. You’re going to just have to cram more system level architectures into a smaller space. Unfortunately that means quite a lot of power and cooling to deal with that. My guess is at some point people are going to say air is a terrible way to cool things and the ultra high density designs that Cray and SGI and those folks do that are water cooled are probably going to catch on more in this space to improve the density and decrease energy needed.”
Asked if this was just a big lab phenomenon, Berman said, “Honestly, I think that same trend at least for the hyper density compute is taking hold for local on-prem stuff as well as the national labs and for the same reasons; power is expensive, space is at a premium, and if you are going to make an investment you want to shove as much into a rack as possible. [Not only supercomputers] but I think local on-premise deployments are going to start to adopt, if they can, the use of 48U racks instead of 42Us racks where you can just get more stuff into it. I’ve seen a number of smaller centers and server rooms being renovated to be able to handle those racks sizes because it changes how you can wire up your room and cool it.
“Another trend is that GPUs have caught on in a really big way in life sciences for a number of applications and especially with all the imaging. The deconvolution matrices and some other resolution enhancement tools can be very much GPU-driven and I think that as more and more imaging comes into play the need for GPUs to process the data is going to be key. I am seeing a lot more GPUs go in locally and that’s a small number of nodes.”
Back in 2015, Berman talked about the diversity of nodes – fat and thin – being used in life sciences core compute and that many core compute infrastructures were being purpose-built for specific use cases. That practice is changing, he says.
“As far as the heterogeneity of nodes used, that seems to be simplifying down to just a few building blocks, standard compute nodes, thin nodes, and they are not terribly thin either – there’s something like 16 to 20 cores and high memory nodes ranging from 1.5TB to 6TB – and having some portion, maybe 5 to 10 % of the cluster. Then you are having GPU nodes, sometimes they are spread evenly through the cluster, [and are] just assigned by a queue or they are dedicated nodes with high density in them.”
NVIDIA P100 GPU
Berman says the latest generation of GPUs, notably NVIDIA’s Pascal P100 will be game changers for applications in molecular dynamics and simulation space. “The P100 have come out in really hyper dense offerings, something like 180 teraflops of performance in a single machine. Just insane. So those are incredibly expensive but people who are trying to be competitive with something like an Anton are going to start updating [with the new GPU systems].”
Given CPU bottlenecks it’s perhaps not surprising Berman is also seeing efforts to reduce overhead on system tasks. “We are seeing, at least in newer applications, more use of Intel’s on-package features, namely the encryption offloading and the data plane where you literally take network transmission and offload it from the CPU. I think that when Intel comes out with chips with on package FPGAa [to handle those tasks] that might change things a lot.”
Berman is less hopeful about FPGA use as LS application accelerators. “I’m not sure it’s going to accelerate algorithms because there’s still a lot involved in configuring an FPGA to do an algorithm. I think that’s why they haven’t really caught on in life sciences. And I don’t think they will because the speed increase isn’t worth the effort. You might as well just get a whole lot more compute. I think that performing systems level things, imagine a Linux kernel, starting to take advantage of FPGAs for stuff that is very high overhead makes sense.”
One persistent issue dogging FPGA use in life sciences, he says, is the constant change of algorithms. That hasn’t stopped companies from trying. Convey Computer, for example, had a variety of FPGA-based bioinformatics solutions. A more recent hopeful is Edico Genome and its DRAGEN processor (board and FPGA) which has a couple of marquee wins (e.g. Earlham Institute, formerly TGAC).
“I see this about every two years where someone [FPGA-based solution provider] will get into four or five high impact environments but usually not more. People have realized that doing chip customization and hardware description languages is not something that is a common skill set. And it’s an expensive skill set. We’ve talked to them (DRAGEN). We probably still are going to get one of their units in our lab as a demo and really check it out. Because it does sound really promising but still the field hasn’t normalized on set algorithms that are stable enough to release a stable package for an FPGA. I honestly think it’s less about the viability of the technology and more about the sheer sprawl of algorithms in the field. The field is not mature enough for it yet.”
Theme 4 – The Data Management & Storage Challenge.
Perhaps not surprisingly, “Storage and networking are still the two biggest headaches that BioTeam runs into. The really interesting thing is that data management is becoming sort of The Issue, really fast. People were sort of hemming and hawing about it – it doesn’t really matter – but really this year data management became a real problem for most people and there’s no solution for it.
“On storage itself, and Aaron Gardner (senior scientific consultant, BioTeam) and I just gave a half-day workshop on the state of storage in life sciences. It’s such a complex field right now because there are all these vendors, all offering something, they all think their thing is the greatest. The reality is there’s, I think we came up with, 48 viable active types of files systems out there that people are using actively in life science. And they all have vastly different characteristics – management potential, scalability, throughput speed, replication, data safety, all that stuff.”
“We saw a surge of Lustre for a little bit and then everyone realized it is simply not ready for life sciences. The roadmap looks really good. But we’ve built a number of these and installed a number of these and it’s just not there. There are too many problems. It was very much designed for high volume, highly parallel workloads, and not for the opposite, which a lot of life sciences are running. Things like single client throughput being deliberately low; that make Lustre nearly useless in the life sciences environment. So I am seeing a fall off on that moving to GPFS that can work well in most environments and honestly the code is more mature and there’s better support.”
Data hoarding continues in life sciences – no one is willing to discard data – and that’s prompting a need for careful tiering of storage, says Berman. “Tier 1 and 2 should be picked with the smallest possible storage footprint and have only active data, and combined with another much larger tier that is less expensive which is where people store stuff. Those other tiers are turning out to be anything from scale out NAS to even object storage. It’s an incredibly complicated environment and once you tier, you still want to make it appear as a single namespace because otherwise you are very much complicating the lives of your users.”
“To really pull that stuff together, across many domains, possibly four different tiers of storage is a hard thing to do because vendors tend to live within their own domains and only help you find what they have. So all of them are trying corner you into only buying their stuff and there’s not a lot of commercially supported ways of binding more than two tiers together without multiple software packages.
“We’re really seeing a resurgence in tools, like iRODS that can function as both a data management layer and a policy engine that can collect and operate on rather extensive metadata collections to make smart decisions. In the rather complex life sciences storage environment iRODS is about the only tool we see that really works integratively across everything as both a metadata management layer and policy instrument, and it has got a lot more mature and is reasonably safe to put into production environments.”
Supported through RENCI and the iRODS consortium. You can do relatively sophisticated metadata curation with it to make smart decisions and federate your data across multiple tiers of storage and multiple types of storage. [Also] because of recent changes in the iRODS data mover, it’s become an interesting target for moving data to as a data transfer tool and it’s now as fast as GridFTP in globus. There some really interesting use cases we are starting to explore as an abstraction tool.”
As a practical matter, says Berman, most life science users are not inclined or skilled tracking data storage. “You might have five different storage systems underneath but no one cares. I think that abstraction is sort of where the whole field is going next. When you interoperate with data, you don’t care about where it is or where it is being computed on and that data live in sort of this api-driven environment that can be accessed a whole lot of ways.”
Theme 5 – Networking: Not So Easy Anymore.
“Networking on every level is where I am spending my time,” says Berman, “and networking within clusters is becoming an interesting challenge. For awhile InfiniBand was the only thing you wanted to use because it was cost effective and fast but now all of a sudden Arista and Juniper have come out with extraordinarily cost effective 100 Gigabit Ethernet environments that start to rival the Mellanox operating environment in cost and performance. Then you don’t have the challenges of trying to integrate RDMA with Ethernet (RoCE – RDMA over converged Ethernet). So a number of organizations are starting to make decisions that involve 100 Gig Ethernet and Arista is making a lot of great deals to break into that environment and honestly their Ethernet has some of the lowest latencies on market today.”
“There are really interesting decisions here and implications for cluster design; and given the challenges of things like Lustre, even if you are using RDMA over InfiniBand, those things may not have the benefits over Ethernet. The only advantage we’re seeing is there’s been a sort of a surge from the storage in using NFS over RDMA which is actually incredibly fast and so if you have a reasonably high performance scale out NAS of some sort like you built a high tuned PFS system, for instance.”
“I think InfiniBand is still a really interesting target there because you can do NFS over RDMA. We’ve played with that a little bit. So the back end of clusters are still something to think about and Mellanox was interesting for a long time because you could mix those Ethernet and IB; they’ve gone away from that because I think they are trying to consolidate their packages and now you have to buy one or the other. But at least you have the option there.”
The IB-OmniPath Architecture battle has been loudly raging this year. So far, says Berman, OPA has hit rough skidding. “In my mind, it still isn’t in the game at all except in the national supercomputing level [and that’s] because the promises of it still aren’t actually in the offering. There’s a 2.0 timeline now. Also they are not planning on offering any sort of Ethernet gating – you’ll have to build some sort of routing device to be able to move stuff between that backend fabric and wide area Ethernet. So from a cluster point of view that’s an interesting divergence in trends because for a while we were designing and building purely IB backbones because you could use the Ethernet gateways. Now we are sort of reverting back a little bit and others are too.”
Berman noted a rising trend with “organizations biting the bullet” and building high performance science DMZs to serve science clients. “Most of them, even if they don’t have the data need right now, are starting with 10 Gig networks but using 100 Gig capable hardware so it is pretty easy to swap to 100 Gig if they see that need. And that whole network field just diversified its offerings. Instead of just being 10, 40 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet, now there’s 10, 25, 40, 50, 75 and 100 Gigabit Ethernet available, and prices have come down.
“As much as I love science DMZs — and I spend most of time designing them and implementing right now — I still think they are a band aid to a bigger problem. At the enterprise [level], supporting this type of stuff in a dynamic way, basically people are behind [the curve]. You lose opportunities in designing a traditional enterprise network to be able to virtualize your environments and use software defined networking and virtual circuits and set up virtual routers – things like that which can really make your environment much more flexible and way more supportive of lots of different uses cases including all the secure enterprise.”
Other networking trends:
“We are also spending a lot of time trying to solve very wide area network movement problems and binding organizations that are spread across great distances. We are really starting to get into “how do you move petabytes of data from the U.S. to Europe. ESnet has been really helpful with that. That’s not a simple problem to solve by any means.”
“The other thing that we are starting to see is that even the Cisco users are starting to realize that Cisco is designed as an enterprise stack not a high performance stack – it will do it but you have to force it. I think that some people are starting a little bit to get away from their good old standard and starting to consider things like Arista, and Ciena and Brocade; basically that whole other entire 15 percent of the market has much more potential in the high performance space than in the enterprise space.”
Theme 6 – Processor Frenzy? Not!
Few technology areas have received more attention recently than the frothy processor technology landscape. Stalwart Intel is facing challenge from IBM (Power), ARM, and even NVIDIA (P100). Berman is pretty unambiguous. “For system level processors, clearly Intel is just wining in every way. IBM’s decision to divest the x86 architecture was an interesting one as we all know and it turns out that for the x86 market and that space Lenovo is actually not doing very well.
“The IBM Power architecture is an extremely narrow use case as far as I can tell. It’s the same fear as people who are afraid of going away from Cisco in the networking space. Everyone’s stuff is compiled and works on Intel. They know it. No one wants to take the time to reintegrate all of their stuff for new architecture. The Power stuff has its advantages in certain environments and disadvantages in others. The space where Power8 excels above Intel is really floating point in the precision space, which is not the majority of life sciences. The majority of life sciences requirements are integer based except for the simulation space and the predictive stuff.
All netted out, he says, “I see zero Power8 in the life sciences field. I haven’t come across any of it. I see a couple of donated servers in the national supercomputer centers but they are not even doing it. Power8 is most prevalent in IBM’s cloud of course and that’s the biggest installation anywhere that I know of outside of the DoD but no one can know about that, right. Unless something major changes, I don’t see enough market pressure for Power8 to take any hold in a real way in the life sciences computing market. There’s just too much effort to change over to it.
“ARM is kind of the same thing. In fact it is exactly the same thing. You know it’s a completely different architecture, completely different than Power than Xeon. It’s kind of interesting in niche environments, especially field environments and far-flung environments where [obtaining steady power can be an issue]. People keep playing with it but it is some weird fraction of a percent that’s out there. I’ve not seen any real move towards it in life sciences at all. Not in any environments, not in cloud, not in anything.
“So I don’t think that getting in life sciences is really the place for that particular architecture; it would require the same type of software integration and rewrites as GPUs did back in the day and it took them so long to be adopted in order for that to take hold in my mind. Most people aren’t going to hold their publication off for a year or year and a half while they try to rewrite or revalidate programs to run on ARM. It’s far more likely that someone will use the Power8 or Sparc.
“When the rubber hits the road it’s about what the end users can actually get done and what’s the risk-benefit of doing it. In life sciences, organization don’t get into things they haven’t done before without really doing this cost-benefit analysis and the cost of those architectures both in human and recoding and trying something new versus just keeping your head down and getting it done the old fashioned way because you know it is going to work — that is often the tradeoff.”
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