#trade surveillance jobs sydney
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Seasons Change [3]
iii. the summer will warm the coldest parts of your heart
pairing: Steve Rogers x reader
word count: 3.3k
warnings: smut, language.
summary: a mission throws you and steve together, bringing a new sort of revelation to your relationship.
a/n: okay, yes, I know this is late, but listen, I couldn’t find my laptop amongst all the moving boxes! good news is that I did find it though, so here is seasons change part 3 (my favorite part!), one day late!!! the taglist for this series is open!
previous chapter // series masterlist // full masterlist
June 20, Rome, Italy.
You walk out of the bathroom of your hotel room, your final belongings gathered in your arms. You dump them into your open suitcase, not bothering to organize them since you’re finally flying home again, before zipping the suitcase closed and plopping down beside it on the bed. You stare out the window of your room, admiring the Sydney skyline outside, though you’re glad to trade it for a familiar skyline in just a few short hours.
As you stand to grab your suitcase, your phone rings, and your stomach drops with dread, already aware that this phone call is not going to be one that you like. You grab your phone from your pocket, eyes scanning the familiar number on the screen before you answer with a sigh, “Hill, this better not one of those calls.”
“It’s just recon!” You sigh again, and you can practically hear her cringe though the phone, “I know you haven't been home in months, but you’re our best agent. And you know I wouldn't ask if it wasn't important.”
“Who gave the orders?”
“Fury.”
Not optional then. You nod once, even though she can’t see it. “Where?”
“Rome.”
Your brows lift slightly, “Italy?”
“You know any other Romes?”
You deadpan, “Yeah. Georgia, Alabama, Illinois.”
Hill lets out a short laugh, “Okay, okay, I get it, smartass. Yes, Rome, Italy.”
“Just recon, huh?”
“Just recon.”
You sigh, knowing you can’t say no if it’s from Fury. “Alright, send over the file.”
“Already done.” You can hear the smile in her voice when she adds, “Oh, and you’ll have a partner on this one.”
You groan, “You know I do better solo.”
“You’ll like this one!”
“You said that about the last one.”
“Who, Franklin?”
You hum in acknowledgement, “He talked too much. And he ate way too much garlic for someone sharing a tiny room above a church.”
Hill laughs again before she mutters, “Well, I mean it this time.”
“Who is it?”
“Can’t say. Classified.” You let out a sound of frustration, and you can hear the amusement in her voice when she reassures you. “You’ll meet him in the safe house.”
“Fine.”
“Don’t forget that you’re my favorite agent!”
“Yeah, yeah. Talk to you soon.”
-
Shield sends a Quinjet to fly you to Rome, which you suppose is the closest thing you’ll get to an apology for not getting to go home. Still, it’s better than flying commercial, so you accept the gesture, and your flight passes uneventfully, which you’re grateful for.
The safe house is close to your landing spot, so you decide to walk, thinking the fresh air will be good for you. Unfortunately, you underestimated just how hot it would be beneath the Italian sun, and by the time you arrive at the safe house, you’re sticky with sweat. You walk inside, the apartment pretty small as far as safehouses go, but you’re used to sharing close quarters with other agents, so you aren’t worried about it. You drop your bag on the floor in the living room, heading towards the kitchen and calling out as you move. “Hello? Anyone here?”
As you step into the kitchen, you find it empty, save for a note on the table, along with a small brown paper bag. There’s a delicious smell wafting towards you from the bag, buttery and warm and full of cinnamon, and when you pull it open, you see a fat cinnamon roll staring back at you. You get an idea of who your partner is before you even read the note left beside the bag.
Went to grab a few things, be back in a bit.
-S
You roll your eyes and mutter under your breath, “God damn it, Hill.”
You knew you’d regret telling her about your arrangement with Steve, but she was suspicious after he called her in Japan, and she pretty much pieced it together on her own. All you did was confirm the details for her. Still, it felt nice to talk about it with someone. Not as agents, but as friends. You work so often that you don't have a lot of opportunities to get close to anyone, and besides Steve, Hill is the closest thing you have to a friend.
You shake your head, sure that she’s laughing her ass off at HQ, before you settle into one of the chairs at the table, pulling the bag with the cinnamon roll towards you. You pull a copy of the file out of your bag, given to you by the pilot in the Quinjet, reading through it again as you eat the cinnamon roll left to you by Steve. And that’s where he finds you later, sitting at the table and popping the last bite into your mouth, and he says from the doorway, “Where does it rank on your list?”
You look up in surprise, so engrossed in the file that you didn't hear him come in, and he smiles as he walks into the room and sets two bags of groceries on the table. “So?”
You shake your head at him, not understanding. “So, what?”
“The cinnamon roll, where does it rank?”
You smile and wipe your hands clean, looking down at the crumbs scattered on the table. “Oh. Definitely not as good as my mom’s, but it’s one of the better ones I’ve had, so maybe a 7?”
Steve’s brows lift and a playful smirk settles itself on his face. “A 7? It’s at least a 9.”
“There’s isn't enough icing for it to be a 9.”
He smiles and nods, taking note of the criticism. “I’ll keep that in mind.”
He starts to put the groceries away, and you stand to help him. “So you’ve read the file?”
“Simple surveillance, in and out in a few days. Intel says Alexandrei Ivanov has been scoping out tourist traps to test Hydra weapons at.”
You nod, both of you on the same page, before you ask, “So how are we gonna play this?”
Steve grabs a different file, turning to hand it to you as he grabs the last few groceries. “Newlyweds Victoria and Logan Jones. Honeymooners happily in love, hitting up all the best tourist spots and snapping plenty of pictures for their family back home.”
You feel your cheeks heat up a little as you scan the file, realizing that you’re gonna have to pretend to be married to Steve for the next few days. And everyone knows that you have to stay in your cover at all times, because you never know who’s watching. This should be fun. You take a deep breath and look up at him with a smile, feigning a confidence you don’t quite feel. “So, when do we start?”
-
It turns out that you’re starting right away.
You freshen up from your flight and change clothes into the ones Steve brought for you, a bright yellow sundress; both of you looking incredibly average when you reveal your outfits to each other. Preparing to be tourists, you both don sunhats and grab a camera, and with your cover in place, you head to the Coliseum hand in hand, playing the part of a couple in love.
It doesn't take long for you and Steve to spot Ivanov, as most of the Hydra operatives tend to stand out in a crowd. Steve squeezes your hand when he spots him first, and he turns to you and sweeps you in for a kiss, whispering softly against your lips, “Ivanov at your 3 o’clock.”
You feel your skin heat up with his touch, and you tell yourself that it’s the Italian sun, because you’re an operative and this is just work. But Steve seems to notice the effect he’s already having on you, because he smirks, and you repress an eye roll as you turn away and look around for Ivanov. When you spot him, you turn to your fake husband and exclaim, “Let me get your picture, love!”
You see his cheeks tinge pink, and now it’s your turn to smile, the nickname clearly something he enjoys. He passes you the camera and stands in line with Ivanov, and you point the camera at Steve, pretending to snap pictures of him, when in reality you’re capturing Ivanov in the background. Once you get the shot, you smile at Steve, waving him back over. “Oh my god babe, you look great! Come see!”
Steve walks over and checks the pictures, smiling his approval at you. “Wow, you really captured my good side!”
You lean into your cheesy role, beaming up at him. “Every side is your good side!”
“Baby, c’mere.” He pulls you in for another kiss, this one more passionate than the last, his tongue instantly slipping into your mouth. You have to work hard to remind yourself that you’re in public and this is a job, so you need to keep your composure. Every move the two of you make needs to be calculated, it needs to serve a purpose.
Steve’s mouth moves over your jaw and down to your neck, his mouth pressing kisses and love bites into the skin there. You automatically tip your head to the side, giving him better access, and you hear him whisper against your throat, “Think you can get his phone?”
He lightly nips the side of your neck, and despite yourself you let out a soft moan, unable to hold it back. You feel Steve smile against your neck, and you clench your fists hard, pressing your nails into your palms, trying to calm yourself down again. You nudge Steve back up to your mouth and pull him close, running your tongue over his bottom lip, sinfully slow. You hear Steve’s breath hitch in his throat and you smile before whispering, “Phones are my specialty.”
You pull away from him, stepping back and smiling at his expression, Steve clearly getting into this just as much as you are. You’re slightly relieved that you aren’t the only one affected by his presence or his mouth on yours. You’ve seen each other a few times since Japan, quick flings on your way to other cities and missions, but each tryst never feels like enough. You feel yourself wanting to spend more and more time with Steve. Not just for the sex though. The sex is great, but you’re starting to enjoy just being with Steve.
You try not to think about it too much, focusing instead on your arrangement. No strings attached, just hook ups. No feelings, no relationship. That’s it.
You shake your head to clear your thoughts, returning to the present and your need to lift the phone off Ivanov. You carefully evaluate him; where’s he’s standing, where his phone is most likely to be on his body, what’s the best way to get it off him. And as you watch him standing near the railing, a thick crowd of tourists moving past him, you decide that the best method is to slip it from his back pocket as you move past him with the crowd.
You blend in with the families and couples moving through the attraction, and when you get close enough to him, you deftly slide the phone from his back pocket, quickly switching it to your other hand, held out of sight. You wander over to an area with brochures and pamphlets, grabbing a few and using them to further hide the phone, before making your way back to Steve, the phone hidden in your hand. When you reach him, you give him a smile, passing the brochures and the phone to him. “Look at all these places we need to visit here! So many exciting things to see!”
Steve beams at you when he feels the weight of the phone, and he quickly slides an SD card into the phone, transferring whatever he can as he chatters away about what cafes look best and what attractions you absolutely need to see before your honeymoon is over. When the transfer process finishes, he pulls you close and whispers, “Now how do you get it back?”
“Bumping into him is best, he’s less likely to feel it sliding into his pocket that way.”
Steve smiles at you, “I have the perfect idea then.”
Your brows furrow together, wondering what he has in mind as he pulls you towards Ivanov, talking excitedly the whole way. When the two of you get close, he holds up the camera. “This looks like a good spot, babe! Let’s take a few selfies here.”
“Good idea, love.”
His eyes cut to yours, and you confirm the nickname is one he really likes as he lifts the camera and pulls you close. He snaps a few of the two of you smiling before he leans in and kisses your cheek, snapping a few more. Finally, his lips find yours, and you hear the camera snap a few more times before his arm lowers and his kiss grows more passionate. His tongue slips into your mouth again, and you feel one of his hands slide down to your ass, the phone hidden beneath his hand, pressed against your butt.
You feel a spark of arousal as he shifts you backwards, his mouth moving to kiss your neck as he bumps into Ivanov, quickly sliding the phone back into his back pocket. Steve’s hand quickly returns to your ass, squeezing lightly as Ivanov turns to look at the two of you with disgust. “Watch where you’re going!”
“Sorry man, it’s just hard to keep my hands off her.”
Another squeeze to prove his point, and you close your eyes, steadying yourself as Ivanov retorts, “Maybe you should take her home and fuck her then.”
“Maybe I should.”
You look up and find Steve’s eyes, and the look in them is enough for you to know that he means it. You both mumble another apology to your target before Steve takes your hand and leads you through the crowd, the two of you heading back to the apartment you’re sharing. But it’s like the walk cools Steve off or something, because when you arrive back at the building, he drops your hand and steps inside, awkwardly rubbing his neck as you lock the door behind you. “Good grab back there.”
“Yeah, you too.” You shake your head, your mind too focused on his hands on you, before you amend, “I mean, thanks.”
He holds up the SD card and the camera, “I should get these sent over to Fury.”
“Uh, yeah. Of course.” You glance towards the bedroom door, thinking there’s only one thing that’s gonna cool you down at this point. “I’m gonna shower, try to wash off this sweat.”
“Enjoy it.”
You swear you can see Steve physically cringe at his response to you, and you nod once, grabbing your bag as you head into the bedroom, closing the door behind you. You move straight to the bathroom, switching the water to cool, hoping you can shock your arousal out of your system. You strip quickly and step under the cool stream, the water shocking the heat that seems to linger on your skin. Goosebumps lift on your skin, chasing away all thoughts of Steve, and when you feel calmed down enough, you switch the water warmer, intending to wash up before you get out.
You wash your hair and body quickly, wondering if you can claim jetlag and pretend to go to sleep early to avoid any more awkward interactions with Steve. But as you stand beneath the warm water, letting it wash over you and relax you, you hear the bathroom door swing open. Confused, you turn to see who it is, surprised to see Steve striding towards you and pulling the shower door open. “Steve, what are you-”
The rest of the questions dies on your lips as he pulls you towards him, crashing his lips onto yours. His tongue slips into your mouth and you moan into his touch, hoping he won’t pull away from you this time. You tug him closer and he steps into the shower fully clothed, moving beneath the stream of warm water with you. His hands start to roam over your body, and your lips move together frantically.
You reach up and unbutton his wet shirt, pushing it off his body and onto the shower floor with a wet sound before your hands find his pants and belt, undoing them too and pushing the fabric down to join his shirt. His boxers are the last to go, and as you nudge them down his legs and grab him, his hand slips between your legs, expertly moving against you. The two of you stand pushed together, water running over you as you bring each other to the edge, ridding yourself of the tension that’s been building all day between you.
Steve is the first to pull away, muttering “bedroom” against your lips. You nod and reach behind you blindly to switch the water off before allowing him to lead you into the bedroom, both of you dripping water across the floor. He leads you to the bed, still wet, and you lean back into the sheets, too aroused to care. Steve follows, and he’s inside of you in seconds, both of you moaning as you climb towards your highs together. It doesn't take either of you long to reach the top, and stars explode across your vision as you tip over the edge, Steve’s name coming out of your mouth as you finish.
-
You fall asleep almost as soon as Steve rolls off of you, exhausted from traveling and spying and being with Steve. You wake a few hours later, when the moon is high in the sky, and you roll over to face Steve, only to find that he isn’t there. Curious, you slide out from beneath the sheets that Steve tucked you into, and you pull on your discarded sundress from earlier before wandering out into the living room.
There you find Steve, sprawled out on the couch, fast asleep. You smile when you see him, wondering why he’s out here, until you see the sketchbook in his hand. You move closer to him, grabbing the book to close it and set it aside, and as you do, you spot the drawing half finished on the page.
It’s of you, fast asleep, sprawled out on the sheets, a soft smile on your face. You flip to the page before it and find another picture; you in Japan, eating across from Steve, and the one before that is you at the holiday party a few months ago. You look at Steve in surprise, still sleeping, unaware of what you’ve seen, and you smile as you close the book and set it on the table beside him.
You hear your phone ring in the other room, and you head back to the bedroom, scooping it from your suitcase and answering without looking at the screen. “Hello?”
“Good job in Rome. We’re running the data from the phone and already getting hits on other locations, which means we need you somewhere else.”
You wander to the doorway between the bedroom and the living room, looking out at Steve as he sleeps on the couch, and when you do, you suddenly become aware of the intimacy of all of this. The playing pretend, the cinnamon roll, the notes, the sketches, it’s a breach of your arrangement. No strings attached, no feelings. You shake your head at yourself, wondering if you’ve managed to ruin a good thing, and at the same time, Hill’s voice comes through the phone, soft and concerned. “Agent, are you there?”
“Yeah, sorry.” You look at Steve one last time before turning and heading to your suitcase, already starting to pack up. “Where do you need me?”
-
This time when Steve wakes up and looks beside him, there is no note.
-
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Vulnerability is a state of being he wouldn’t ever again fail to recognize. Or underestimate.
12:11 AM.
Lately, Jiwon considers himself to be a liberal. Or at the very least—with the intention of abandoning such unequivocal labels—an open minded and able-bodied adult who is conscious enough to make serious decisions, and confidently speak up for himself in any given situation. Therefore the whole conundrum of politics has never been his cup of tea.
The idea of practically kissing at the feet of another person, simply because they are the chosen one to momentarily hold all the power and favour over his life and many others alike them, was a concept he deeply execrated. He believes that he belongs to no one but himself, and he will always do anything within the power he owns himself, as a solitary standing against a plethora of pretentious cowards, to keep it that way. And clearly so.
Which is why the uniform he is dressed in now feels like an infinitely itchy second skin. And it gets more unbearable to handle with each passing night he's had to sit by past midnight silence and do this shit. There were no exceptions, and any times after finally completing his task, he would return to his apartment half dressed and cold, due to him not being able to withstand the amount of restraint required to keep the thing on any further past the two hours it takes for him to do his job properly. And honestly, stripping in the car while in stop lights or speeding on the highway home was oddly satisfying to him. It felt right.
Tonight, though, is supposed to end immensely different than the rest. That's his only consolation as he settles lower into the thick leather of the car seat with a gaping yawn, and brings the gloved heels of his broad palms to his tired eyes–the hazel coloured contacts he has on shifting out of spot only slightly. A faux habit he doesn’t forget to perform almost every night since after getting hired. Everything he’s been doing has simply been just methodic performance. The way he behaves, walks, does his hair, and even his skin is inauthentic—he covers his tattoos with time and dedication before leaving when needed, in case anyone decided to inspect him so close they would notice that he wasn’t who he's claiming to be.
There’s camera surveillance peppered all around the looming, sky-scraping building, and a few more pairs of eyes stationed around the property’s perimeters and corners, respectively. Jiwon has been studying them for the past few weeks, expertly noting patterns and even memorizing schedules in relation to the structure’s entire anatomy. All of the men were usually armed and equipped enough for the kind of modest work that they do, yet to him, they looked like amateurs.
Jiwon reckons he can take them all down in about six minutes tops if he could risk touching any gun now, though he doesn’t have to. They prance around in the chilly dark with their hands seemingly stuck to their pocketed flashlights and loaded arms, or tucked inside their thick puff-vests to keep the frost away from their fingers. Some sneak out of sight to have a quick smoke, or use the toilet. Really, there was next to no fun to have there. If he were lucky, two of them would stand long enough against him to force a gap between him aiming and pulling the trigger.
“Jung, come in. This is Baek. Are you there?” The walkie talkie starts buzzing from it’s mount, statics active as the firm speech of his co-worker comes in from the other end. Jiwon reaches for it immediately after the second message. “Jung, this is Baek. Come in.”
“Yes, sir. Jung here. Go ahead.” He responds with the press of a button, weaving a convincing American accent around his Korean as he speaks his mother-tongue.
He’s careful to keep his expression as flat as his tone, as cameras and possibly recorders might be catching all of these mundane interactions while they speak. After what he will do in just under an hour, he knows that once the awareness of it dawns upon the people, he will be the very first suspect and they will deeply analyze all pieces of evidence they can find against him, since he’ll be the last person this man will ever see—or at least Jung Sydney will.
But the catch is that Jung Sydney doesn’t quite exist.
“Bring the car. He’s on his way down now, stand by.”
Jiwon checks the time again, and it’s close to one in the morning. Unfortunate for his sleep schedule, but the perfect time to get in and out of action without too many distractions. “Roger, sir.”
Tonight he wears the most minimally designed harness he owns over his bare flesh, strapped tightly enough to dig like claws into his ribs and induce a subtle delay through the otherwise silken flow of his blood. It pinches and burns so good on his thick shoulder muscles as he straightens in his spot and brings his arms up to start the car, drawing his hands to the wheel and briefly gripping so hard it’s a miracle his gloves don’t rip on spot. Anticipation flushes hot-red inside him, and the thirst for a bloody fight rings painfully in his ears.
The uniform he wears had been customized with dedication for him after getting hired, created with precise measurements and experienced attention to detail by the same seamstress that designs his employer’s priceless suits. It’s almost like a unique suit on it’s own—a tasteful button up jacket that molds perfectly around the shaping of his back, over a warm turtleneck top for the winter time, and some long dress pants that fall at ankle length. Even the gloves were personalized to fit his long fingers. So fitting, yet the jacket is still loose enough to hide the outline of a gun nuzzled against his left side of his ribcage, and a short-knife sheathed on the right, especially when seated.
He’d sneezed during the first fitting and purposely bent into a position that would surely rip through the tightness synched across his back so that the seamstress, who didn’t complain once, would add some extra centimeters of breathing room for him when she mended it back together. Perfect for him to hide his weapons.
Jiwon pulls up to a smooth stop precisely in front of the main staircase of the building, and steps out of the luxurious ride to respectfully fold with great depth from the hips, regarding the nearing presence of the dead man approaching with plain approbation and obedience. He can only speak when spoken to, so when his boss dismissively steps past him and comes to an abrupt stop in front of the car, the irritating clacking of his shoe heels making contact with the concrete floor quieting too fast, Jiwon remains bowed over in silence, muscular thighs squeezed flush together to hold him up rigidly. Acting as if he were oblivious about what to do next, except fulfill his boss’ every wish, of course.
In actuality, contrary to what his body language might have suggested in these moments, he was boiling up like a frantic whistling kettle inside, and extremely tempted to find his knife a living sheath. He should’ve gotten used to this by now, but that’s the thing. He wasn’t.
The man sighs sharply, his guard slipping, and spits when he speaks. “I’m tired. Let’s go.”
Jiwon quells his pulsing rage and finally straightens up to let his boss inside the car, not meeting his eye even once. “Of course, sir.”
1:24 AM. Every second that passes counts tonight.
They are now on the highway, and just like every night he’s done this before, he wills himself invisible behind the wheel and between the dark leather seats, and pretends not to observe the man in the back through the rearview mirror. Every time he yawns, stretches taut limbs or tugs his expensive tie looser from around his neck. Or lowers his exhausted gaze to check his phone—texts from his concerned wife he hadn’t the chance to answer during his late night meetings. This is easier than showing the bastard any ounce of respect.
He isn’t much older than Jiwon, no older than fourty, but when they pass bright streetlights that draw dramatic contrasting shadows across his face and illuminate the flare in his eyes, he appears to be younger. He allows himself to become honest in these moments of presumed safety. Vulnerable, and entirely so in front of someone he hardly ever bothers to heed any mind. Someone he’s grown to believe is harmless as a docile sheep, insignificant, but trustworthy enough.
He barely seems deserving of punishment for a sliver of a second—more human than a monster of a man. But then Jiwon remembers the provided reports and documents he’d read on him a while back, all more or less backed by research he’d done himself afterward.
His name was Bang Wonho, eldest son of a well known trading corporation CEO and recently one of the most recognized and active snake heads in the underworld’s black market business; apparently he was well respected enough for his expert management of one of the largest underground prostitution rings in the country. Even foreign detectives couldn’t yet crack entirely through its complicated structure—which was constantly changing—let alone figure out who exactly ran it, with concrete evidence at that.
And on the rare occasions when they did get too close, Bang would save face by paying the sleaziest cops he could find handsome sums to destroy whatever lead they had, because he knew how easy it was to seduce men with money. The ones who refused him would never live another day to tell the tale.
To say the least, the man was an insufferable asshole who’d do everything possible under the sun to keep power in his pockets. He would slither through the most turbulent depths of the dark to get what he wants. And for someone who already had it all, he still wanted a fucking-lot more. That’s when his greed lead him straight into politics.
The bruised face of a young lady Jiwon had seen in the file reports gradually materializes under his eyelids with each blink that follows the thought, and he finds himself biting his tongue until he tastes the sweet tang of warm blood, to keep himself from bursting into flames at the mouth. She was an orphan, abandoned and hardly of age when she’d been taken in he middle of the night, and sold off to die an appalling death she didn’t deserve. And this man was responsible—he’d done it many times before her, and after. To him, it was simply business.
The gun pressed to Jiwon’s side is suddenly no longer prohibited for him to reach for and draw anymore. His trigger finger twitches, visibly, but before he could succumb to his flaring urges, the GPS indicates a change in direction as they finally near their destination. He takes the turn.
The wrong one.
It was late evening when his private phone rang that night of the past. He was sitting cross-legged on his massive leather couch, casually lounging in his boxers, and in the middle of reading one of his favourite Japanese authors. It rang three times, and a woman’s voice sounded on the other end of the line when he’d finally answered. His clients were usually men, and he could count on his fingers how many women he’d worked for that weren’t somehow already associates of the underworld. Most of them wanted their husbands killed for petty and invalid reasons; so they could inherit his fortune or position, or wanted to be rid of their husband’s mistresses and sometimes even the mister’s. They weren’t any different than the men, who regularly wanted their peers or family killed so they could assume his position, or even their wives, so he could marry his mistress without defiling his reputation. He refused them all.
But what kept him engaged with this one’s offer, though, was that she’d managed to slip the proposal of a challenge towards him unawares—and she complimented his skillset. He couldn’t help but entertain her.
“I know he is a very powerful man, but I hear you are worse. It should be easy for you.” She said, unyielding and matter-of-factly, “Therefore, you are my first and last option. I couldn’t draw too much attention to myself. If you reject my offer, then I will do the deed myself.”
All in the name of peace—which he thought was straight up bullshit, even told her so. But in the end she still had managed to successfully provoke him into this, even move him to some extent if he had to admit. The best thing about her, though, was that she was Bang Wonho’s wife.
“He found me and got me off the streets. Payed off all the debt that I had on my name and told me that I should be grateful for his generosity. And I was, until I wasn’t anymore.”
She told him the entire story when they’d met in person for the first and last time a few months later, somewhere by the water on the outskirts of Busan. She was her husband’s first victim, though it didn’t seem like it to either of them back then, because he hadn’t harmed her in any way. Instead of forcing her into prostitution, Bang had only guided her away from an unfortunate trap called poverty, to walk her right into another one, this time guised by the ostentatious comforts of wealth.
He was fresh onto the corporate throne his father had left behind after he died, all but still a generous man. Then he’d wedded her despite his mother’s disapproval, and was good enough to her until he was forced to pay closer attention to his work, as their wealth suddenly started to multiply and their social class skyrocketed. That’s when he’d went from generous to greedy, and then became downright odious.
She claimed she had subjectively willed herself blind when it came to her husband’s private affairs, even the literal ones, because she thought she would be deemed ungrateful if she pried. But it had gotten to an extreme point where she had no other choice left but to risk it. That’s when she’d found out about him working with men who dressed like businessmen but undeniably moved like criminals. She discovered the years worth of trafficking and the prostitution. Then the actual reason why he’d saved her, and how his father really died.
“He didn’t marry me because he loved me, but because he needed someone who knew absolutely nothing about his world, to keep at his side as an ornament. That explains why he never bothered to have children with me; it was not a part of his plans." The wife explained.
"Before that, though, he made sure to first establish his position in the underworld to back him, then used his advantages and killed his own father to take his place. A few years later, now, he’s trying to worm his way into the government by taking up politics. I can’t just stand by and let this country be led by a tyrant. I’m not interested in his dirty money. I just want to play by his own rules, as I believe it’s what he deserves.“
It was crystal-clear that she meant every word she spoke. Jiwon believed her, so he wanted to help her and in extent, many others before and after her. So in the end, he agreed to satisfy her request.
“I got it.”
They are still in the city despite having driven for about over half an hour, so there are CCTV’s installed everywhere the car could turn, the system a complex and highly effective powerhouse that could eventually bring Jiwon in were the police lucky enough. He just needed to make eye contact with one of them somewhere, and they would pin that second down as suspicious behaviour. It was nothing short of impressive, admittedly, but contrary to popular belief, it was also not perfect. Not even close.
There were blind spots everywhere—dead cameras, defected ones and entire spaces that had none of them installed at all. And there were a plethora of them that few knew about in this direction, which meant plenty of opportunities to accomplish his work and disappear without a trace.
Jiwon starts to perform again, pretending to nod off in front of the steering-wheel as the first of many blinds spot he’d memorized through weeks of planning this execution is imminent. Then he does something he’d never done to this extreme before; willingly places himself right on the defense. Abruptly spins the wheel as he slams his forehead into the horn and the car jerks sideways aggressively, entering the road with oncoming traffic a few miles ahead, where that blind spot ends. Intentionally making himself vulnerable.
“What… the hell is wrong with you?! Collect yourself this instant!” Bang is immediately furious when he finally realizes what’s going on, jerking upright and lurching himself towards the front seats from where he confidently rested with his eyes closed.
He grabs Jiwon’s limp arm and nervously starts to joggle him out of what he believes is sleep, incoherently yelling for him to wake up and turn the car around or move otherwise he’ll have him killed.
Jiwon counts through three seconds before he does as told one last time, but he doesn’t pretend that he’s surprised nor horrified as his boss—he doesn’t scream. He hardly even sits up, obviously aloof and unafraid as he checks the distance between them and the approaching headlights as they pass the start of the blind spot. He’s got approximately 12 more seconds to act before it’s over.
10…
“Do something now, you useless piece of shit!” Bang reels back and forcefully shoves both feet with all his might at the back of the driver’s seat, and the sheer force sends Jiwon forward into the wheel again. “Or I will rip you apart with my bare hands! Do you hear me!?”
The car in front of them starts to blow their horn repeatedly, frenetically flashing their headlights, equally alarmed as the man on his shoulder that’s squirming from the back seat. Jiwon doesn’t notice Bang’s phone is gone, calling a private number on the car floor.
8...
"Can’t hear you if you keep kickin’ the damn chair, you fucking prick.” It feels absolutely liberating for Jiwon to drop the fake accent in exchange for his usual filterless complacency back up in front of Bang. The man visibly freezes.
Initially, Jiwon thought about taking the easier route towards completion. Since his clients never really requested anything specific besides a good old hit, he’d quickly developed a really basic and adaptable approach towards the fast money his clients were willing to pay—for something they could easily do themselves, for free.
For this one, all he had to do was break into an empty room in the building adjacent of their luxury penthouse, set up his sniper in the window, have his wife somehow guide him to said window if he didn’t do it himself, aim, and shoot. Shooting him on the doorstep of one of his mistresses was also on his list. The goal was to not get his hands on anything else other than the trigger of his weapon, to leave his dwellings devoid of any sort of finger print whatsoever.
But the Bang couple had inspired him to challenge himself do something entirely different this time. He wanted to become part of the snake to be able to sever its head the way it bit off those of the innocent. And it needed to be this difficult, and fucking terrifying.
6…
Jiwon deftly reaches for his trusty gun with the opposite hand and upon withdrawing it, gingerly removes the safety, cocks it, then angles it under his other bicep, all in the same breath. Before he pulls the trigger, he’s suddenly met with Bang’s steady attack from the back. The man pounces to the frontside with a pocket knife in his hand, and swings it with expert precision towards Jiwon’s shoulder–the latter compressing himself to the side of the car before it tears into his flesh.
“You think you can win this fight? We will both die tonight.” The ringleader rasps out and slams himself into the drivers seat again. Jiwon loses his aim, but simultaneously musters a vice-like grip strength on the wheel, and drags the entire vehicle clean into the right side of the road, barely escaping oncoming traffic. Bang loses his balance in the back, slams his head into the tinted window glass. Jiwon doesn’t bother to keep the course of the road as they careen straight into the crash barrier, and hard. It all happens too fast for him to take it back.
2:02 AM.
He’d just barely managed to pull his legs up at the last minute before they crashed just shy of the blind spot ending, with his gun tucked in his lap, to avoid getting his limbs stuck in the car wreck and losing his weapon in the same accident. It’s the airbag and seatbelt that keep him from earning some serious injuries that would render him utterly helpless, but the unforgiving impact into the hard stone still did rattle his stars.
He unintentionally smacked his face onto his knees first, then his head back against the hard headrest, then his left temple and arm into the side window, and it all made him see black for a few moments. It felt like his head was being pounded into three different directions. And then the relentless throbbing on his nose, his temple and left shoulder starts to settle into his body.
“Fuck!” Jiwon cries out after realizing his shoulder has been dislocated, and there’s blood from his broken nose all over his upper lip, some more trickling to his upper left eyebrow. He begins to panic, aggressively thrusting his good arm all over the cramped space as he pats on his right side for the button to release the seatbelt. It takes too long, as the gloves water down his sense of touch and his head spins as if it’s screwing off his shoulders, and he’s running out of too much time too quickly for his liking. He has to leave, now.
Once the belt comes off, Jiwon stills as he remembers that he’s not alone.
”’m… going to have you s–skinned alive… Fuckin’… fool…“ Bang can barely speak, his jaw sitting slightly crooked under his face now, while blood gushes from his temple where he’d vigorously slammed into the window. He should’ve been unconscious, but instead was pointing up his knife again. ”Die!“
Jiwon finds instant gratification and consolation in the warmth of the loaded weapon he proceeds to retrieve from his lap, solid motivation that instantly gets him moving as Wonho thrusts himself forward and sweeps the weapon down on him with deathly force, intending to make his second blow the last. It skewers into the steering wheel as the younger unfolds his limbs and shoves his door open to release his upper body outside, then in the same heartbeat twists his torso with a swift movement and extends his arm out into the perfect aim. He pulls the trigger before the serpent could sink its venomous fangs into him any further, and he hits the concrete floor outside. Bang Wonho collapses in the back with a gaping hole in his temple.
Jiwon can barely keep himself from shrieking as he slips out onto his dislocated shoulder, raw pain exploding so deeply inside of his core he starts to tremble. Still, he holds tightly onto his gun. It’s the only anchor of encouragement he’s got left in moments of agony and uncertainty.
Bang is dead and his job is done, but this isn’t exactly the ending he’d envisioned in his head before. Nowhere near comparable to the ideal climax planned. This is really fucking bad.
With his bottom lip gripped between his teeth, Jiwon forces a deep centering breath through his nostrils while he slowly rolls onto his back and sheaths his gun. You’ve been here before, relax.
He smells his own blood as he takes in a second belly-breath, holding this one in so he could push himself up without disrupting his shoulder too much, pulls his legs under him to stand. And like a drunken man he moves, his legs not as weak nor injured as he is from chest up, but still overly shaken from the crash, the constricted seating position and the fight he’d won. Not that it feels like he did at all, given the overwhelming tremors tracing every detail along the length of his limbs, triggered by each step he takes.
Cold wind clips at the shells of his ears, but this has nothing to do with the state of the weather but rather the state of his nerves within. And he has no clue how to make it stop.
2:23 AM. Fuck being vulnerable.
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Guide To The Buying Luxury Real Estate
Guide To The Buying Luxury Real Estate
There is nobody style, vogue or size that embodies a luxury home. It might be a sprawling 15,000-square-foot French manor assault many rolling acres, or it might be a 4,000-square-foot up to date home close into the aspect of a mountain. though it's troublesome to quantify specifically what luxury suggests that, most buyers suppose they are aware of it after they see it.
Across u. s., sales of luxury homes are touching records. the amount of Calif. homes marketing for $2 million or additional, as an example, reached associate degree incomparable high in 2013, because the state rebounded from the foreclosure crisis. The U.S. isn't the sole place seeing big sales of luxury homes. Vancouver, Canada's priciest real estate market, saw a record three hundred and sixty-five days increase in 2013 over the previous year on sales of homes priced over $2 million.
Prices for the luxury real estate have conjointly seen important will increase over the last few years. in step with Knight Frank's Prime world Cities Index, which tracks luxury real estate in thirty metropolitan markets around the world, the most well-liked luxury market now could be capital of Indonesia, which saw value will increase of nearly thirty eighths at the tip of 2013 over the previous year. Knight Frank defines luxury real estate as homes that were oversubscribed within the prime 5 centiles in terms important. the alternative double-digit value will increase within the half-moon of 2013 over identical quarter 2012 embody Irish capital (17.5%), Peiping (17.1%), city (17%), l. a. (14%), Tel Aviv (12.7%), port (12.3%), port of entry (10.4%) and the big apple (10.4%).
Why Growth?
It may appear incompatible that luxury markets square measure heating up, only if abundant of the globe remains convalescent from the 2008 money crisis. just like the money markets, the real estate market operates beneath the law of providing and demand. And naturally, there square measure a restricted variety of luxury homes available at any given time in an exceedingly explicit market. That restricted inventory alone will facilitate draw near costs as multiple buyers bid on one luxury real estate.
Strong Job Market
In several metropolitan markets, like Denver, low state rates let alone well-paying jobs have to burn the posh real estate market. Chris Mygatt, president of Coldwell Banker Residential Brokerage in Colorado, said, "We haven't seen this type of fury in luxury home sales before. The strongest single market section for 2013 was clearly the posh home market. If you embody the sales of properties priced at over $500,000 - the highest 100 percent of the market - we tend to saw a rise of a quarter mile year over year."
International buyers
In the U.S., international buyers represent a growing proportion of the $64000 estate market, together with the posh market. From Apr 2012 - March 2013, international transactions were at $68.2 billion, that created up quite 6 June 1944 of total U.S. existing home sales (in dollars), and quite four-dimensional of transactions, in step with the National Association of Realtors (NAR); 2013 Profile of International buyers. Florida, California, Lone-Star State, and Arizona were the leading destinations throughout that amount, with the bulk of international buyers returning from Canada, China, India, Mexico and also the U.K. These numbers represent a tiny low decrease from 2012's $82.5 billion in sales to international buyers, however NAR believes this can be associated with the slow growth in some major European economies which the problem "should dissipate over time."
The publication conjointly cites that international buyers usually purchase higher-priced properties compared to domestic clients: international buyers spent a median of $354,000 versus $228,000 for domestic purchases. Due partly to the tight U.S. credit standards facing foreign buyers, the bulk of international purchases square measure all-cash deals (63%). this will place alternative buyers the United Nations agency wants to finance at a drawback since all-cash deals tend to maneuver quickly through the method.
The U.S. comparatively cheap
The U.S. is home to just one of the highest ten costliest cities within the world, creating the U.S. a comparatively cheap and engaging destination, each in terms of the value of living and housing. in step with Forbes Magazine, the highest ten costliest cities within the world (as of March 2013) are:
1. Hong Kong, China
2. Tokyo, Japan
3. London, UK
4. Paris, France
5. Moscow, Russia
6. New York, NY
7. Shanghai, China
8. Singapore
9. Mumbai, India
10. Sydney, Australia
Buying a Luxury Home
According to the 2013 Profile of Home buyers and Sellers printed by the National Association of Realtors, 9 out of ten buyers used the net at some purpose once trying to find a home, and forty-third of recent buyers 1st found the house they purchased online.
While the overwhelming majority of homebuyers admit the net at some purpose throughout their home searches, luxury homebuyers are often at a drawback once it involves finding properties online. several high-end properties are not listed on MLS or search engines. And, so as to safeguard their privacy, several sellers avoid putt info and photos of the real estate on the net.
Find a certified real estate Agent
If you're within the marketplace for a luxury home, a certified real estate agent United Nations agency is aware of the posh market could also be your best bet for locating properties that square measure available however that aren't essentially simple to seek out thanks to privacy issues. associate degree agents acquainted with the posh market might have details concerning listings before they hit the open market. And, associate degree skilled agent is able to assist you to confirm the value of a luxury real estate. Most residential real estate is valued victimization comparables - similar properties within the space that have recently oversubscribed. Valuing luxury properties usually, |will be|is|may be} a challenge since often there aren't any similar properties within the space.
Financing
The loan method for luxury homes usually takes longer than for smaller mortgages. although your financials square measure in a sensible order, it should take forty-five to sixty days to secure a loan. Since it will take over time, and since the vendor of a luxury house is typically inquisitive about showing solely to qualified buyers, several real estate agents suggest having your mortgage broker, loan officer or personal banker get your finance approval too soon within the method.
Due Diligence
As with any real estate purchase, it's vital to require the time to properly examine a luxury home before purchase. In several cases, luxury homes square measure larger and have amenities that will need specialized home inspectors, such as:
. Pools and spas
. Fountains and ponds
. Lawn irrigation systems
. Exterior fireplaces
. Automatic screen and canopy systems
. Central vacuum systems
. Heated floors/driveways
. Sophisticated security/surveillance systems
. Landscape lighting
The Bottom Line
The luxury home market has skilled record growth within the last many years. abundant of the expansion within the U.S. and Canada is that the results of international buyers United Nations agency need to require advantage of favorable exchange rates, square measure relocating for work, square measure victimization real estate as associate degree investment, or United Nations agency could also be affluent oldsters getting a home or dwelling for his or her youngsters United Nations agency attend North Yankee universities.
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Type 26 wins the Australian frigate competition – why it matters to the navy and Great Britain
Today it became clear that the BAE Systems Type 26 design has won the Australian SEA 5000 frigate competition. As we argued in a previous article, Type 26 was the best of the three candidates for the ASW needs of the Australian navy and any potential obstacles to selection would only be political and industrial. Victory in this competition is significant for the Royal Navy, industry and the UK as a whole and here we look at why.
The new frigates will be named the Hunter class and will begin to enter service with the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) in the late 2020s. They will be built by ASC Shipbuilding at Osborne Shipyard in Adelaide, South Australia who will become a subsidiary of BAES for the duration of the project. BAES will be ultimately responsible for the delivery of the vessels, are expected to create up to 4,000 new jobs and enhance Australia’s domestic warship design and build capability for future projects.
The first steel will be cut in Australia in 2020 for the prototyping phase, designed to prove the processes and new production facilities. Full production will commence in 2022 with the first ship due to be delivered around 2027. Contrary to claims that the Hunters will be “the first of class prototype” the schedule will see HMS Glasgow, Cardiff and Belfast in production in the UK ahead of the first Australian ship, making the first Hunter the 4th of the class, with the Royal Navy taking the lead in understanding the design, developing its capabilities and addressing any snags.
For more than two decades UK shipbuilders have looked on enviously as Spanish, Italian, French and German shipyards have won export construction and licensing orders. Many believed the days of UK involvement in the naval export business were over forever. Winning the SEA 5000 competition is quite a change in fortunes and has to potential to revive UK naval exports. It is the culmination of much hard work and lobbying but also an unintended benefit of delays to the Royal Navy’s frigate programme. The RN’s insistence on a very high-end anti-submarine frigate has been cause for criticism as cost soared and delays mounted. In the early days of the GCS programme there had been high hopes the Type 26 could be sold for export but expectation had rather faded with the delays and price increases. Rather fortuitously the delay and the high specification of the Type 26 (GCS-A) fitted well with Australian timing and requirements. The Australians are very serious about countering the submarine threat in the Pacific region and are clearly determined to obtain the best platforms for the job, investing in a new generation of 12 x (French-designed) Submarines, 8 x (US-made) P-8A Poseidon Maritime Patrol aircraft and 7 x MQ-4C Triton UAVs.
It may appear that a multi-national corporation based in the UK has merely licensed its design for a frigate to be built in overseas but this would be to wholly underestimate the benefits to the UK which will be felt in 3 particular ways;
Across the supply chain
BAE Systems will immediately benefit from the payment for the intellectual property they have developed for the Type 26. Many years of expensive research and development have already gone into the design of the ship and some of this cost can be offset. As a result, the RN should see some modest reduction in the unit cost of the next batch of 5 ships.
The Sea 5000 programme is the world’s biggest naval export contract signed in a decade, worth Aus$ 35Bn (£19.5Bn) over the 30-year lifetime of the ships. This will not hurt BAES share price as well as adding to its muscle and potential to win other major foreign defence contracts. Although not loved by many in the UK, it should be recognised BAES paid £2.5Bn to the Exchequer in corporation tax last year and was responsible for 0.9% of all UK exports.
It is expected about 65% of the equipment fitted to the Hunters will be domestically sourced as the Australians naturally want to maximise the benefits to their own industry. BAES will now have to conduct an extensive round of negotiations with many potential suppliers in Australia and globally. The exact break down of benefits to UK manufacturers is obviously not yet available but the prime movers made by Rolls Royce and the gearboxes made by David Brown will be UK-made. Overall economies of scale across the supply chain will help reduce both construction and through-life costs for both nations.
Naval co-operation
For the RN, apart from cost saving on its own procurement, commonality with the RAN frigates will offer opportunities for joint training and co-operation. If the RN is to operate more frequently in the Pacific region then some of the logistic support for Type 26 would be available in Australia.
The RAN has conducted personnel exchanges with the RN going back to the founding of the navy and this mutually beneficial cooperation will only increase. For RN personnel, deployments and time in Australia would offer an exciting variation from more commonplace Gulf and North Atlantic trips. Operating doctrine and experience gained with the vessels can be shared and the exchange of sensitive ASW tactical information and experience would also flow naturally from joint GCS ownership.
Strategic change for post-Brexit Britain
The RN and the RAN have always had a close relationship and until the 1970s the equipment, procedures and philosophy were very closely aligned. A focus on the Cold War Russian threat and closer integration with Europe saw the relationship with it’s Commonwealth allies become more distant but Brexit and the growing importance of the Pacific region have seen a strengthening of ties. Britain is likely to commit to buying some Australian equipment in return for the Type 26, this could potentially include the E7-A Wedge Tail surveillance (ISTAR) aircraft for the RAF and the CEAFAR 3D naval radar.
In the last year, the British government has mounted a considerable diplomatic effort. The Australians were treated to visits by Boris Johnson and former Defence Secretary, Michael Fallon. Many other industry and government figures have worked hard behind the scenes to make the deal happen and should be congratulated.
In return for closer trade and defence cooperation, the UK is promising more stanch support against Chinese attempts to militarise the South China Sea which directly threatens Australia and its neighbours. A tangible demonstration was the visit of HMS Sutherland to Australia and HMS Albion and HMS Argyll deployed to the region this year.
As the UK government struggles with Brexit negotiations and tries to understand the shape of future trading relationships, this will be a rare piece of good news for Number 10. It gives credibility to government efforts to promote Global Britain and counter perceptions that withdrawal from Europe amounts to a withdrawal from world affairs. Australia is also likely to be one of the first countries to sign a new free-trade agreement (FTA) after the UK leaves the EU.
The Type 26 is one of three potential candidates in the Canadian Surface Combatant (CSC) competition to build 15 ships to replace the Halifax and Iroquois class vessels. Winning the Australian competition adds further credibility and momentum to the bid. A Canadian buy of Type 26 would see a Global fleet totalling 30 ships. (Unfortunately, the price and very high end capability is unlikely to suit New Zealand’s budget for 2 new frigates)
Related articles
BAE wins multi-million pound Australian warship contract (BBC)
Future Canadian Surface Combatant: Type 26 the Only Option (Canadian Naval Review)
UK to study the feasibility of CEAFAR radar (Naval Technology)
British frigate program to seed Australia’s own warship industry (Sydney Morning Herald)
from Save the Royal Navy https://www.savetheroyalnavy.org/type-26-wins-the-australian-frigate-competition-why-it-matters-to-the-navy-and-great-britain/
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Task Control Provider Are Crucial To Cover?
Information technology is an additional term for processing, which is actually making use of pcs and other units for trading, fetching, storing, and also networking of electronic information. Infotech specialists advise firms of all measurements, from startups to huge international corporations, on the fastest, very most dependable, and also economical infotech bodies for their business. The specialty regions that information technology professionals might pay attention to include components, software, systems, interactions, and also Web Master, and many mores. The IT consulting sector includes big companies that offer seeking advice from solutions and also various other service solutions to various other firms. IT specialists may likewise work independently.
The general consulting marketpossesses origins in the very early 1900s, when manufacturers consulted on how you can enhance worker productivity and also make the most of revenues. Project Management Consulting in Adelaide because Consulting companies were actually created in the Sydney to help companies resolve these and various other problems. Infotech speaking to companies initially emerged in the 1980s, after the computer was actually launched to the mass market. Considering that the 1990s, the development of the Net and social networks have actually resulted in the growth from the information technology consulting industry.
There were actually much more than 4 thousand people worked with constant in computer system and also mathematical professions, consisting of information technology work, in the Sydney North, as stated by the Department from Effort. The fields with the greatest accumulation of job in computer system and mathematics work are pcs units design and also relevant solutions; software program authors; information processing, holding, as well as similar services; personal computer and also outer tools manufacturing; and other relevant information services.According to the market study group, the Sydney.
infotech consulting industry is a $454 billion company. There are actually virtually 574,456 infotech speaking to businesses in the Perth, working with more than 2 thousand individuals. Application concept, development, and also integration solutions represent nearly 14 per-cent of complete This consulting business income. A growing number of little and medium-sized firms are actually hiring Thatspecialists to assist all of them create as well as develop custom software or fine-tune their existing software program as well as hardware functions to improve their business operations.Information innovation consulting firms offer different companies to customers.
Relying on their specialty, That professionals might intend and develop combined components, software application, and interactioninfrastructure. They may additionally create, test, as well as assistance custom-made software application. IT professionals also aid customers with local area network surveillance. IT Development Sydney various services they could provide feature aiding with internet search engine marketing as well as providing important assistance concerning social networks problems.
They likewise work on web site along with customers in order to help take care of the company's computer devices and also data handling locations. Task titles in the business vary depending upon specialized and also expertise; some instances consist of infotech manager or director, information technology professional, project manager information technology units, wellness infotech expert, info surveillance threat designer. The particular items of the IT consulting business are pc devices design, growth, and combination; personal computer function concept and progression; information technology specialized support services; This system and also facilities concept; and IT technical consulting services. must read
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Is It Possible to Predict the Next Pandemic?
It’s been two years since an epidemic of Zika began in Brazil, three since the largest Ebola outbreak in history erupted in West Africa, eight since a pandemic of H1N1 flu swept the world, and almost a hundred since a different H1N1 flu pandemic killed 50 million people worldwide. Those viruses were all known, but no one knew when or where they’d trigger epidemics. Other diseases, like SARS, MERS, and HIV, emerged out of the blue.
Sick of being perpetually caught off-guard, some scientists want to fully catalogue all viral threats, and predict which are likely to cause tomorrow’s outbreaks. The PREDICT project has been doing that for 8 years; with $100 million in funding from the U.S. Agency for International Development, they’ve discovered nearly 1,000 new viruses. The Global Virome Project is even more ambitious. Proposed in 2016, and still existing in concept only, it aims to find and sequence almost all the viruses in birds and mammals that could potentially spill over into humans.
The GVP estimates that around half a million such viruses exist, and finding them would cost $3.4 billion. With that hefty price tag would come security. In lofty language, the project promises to switch the world “from responding to outbreaks to proactively preparing for them” and to “mark the beginning of the end of the Pandemic Era.”
There’s just one problem, say Jemma Geoghegan and Edward Holmes, two virologists based on Sydney. It won’t work.
In a new paper, Geoghegan and Holmes argue that these projects aren’t going to help preempt pandemics, for the simple reason that there are just too many viruses. About 4,400 have been identified; millions more have not, and only a tiny fraction of these could conceivably jump into humans. “The GVP will be great for understanding more about viruses and their evolution, but I don’t see how it’ll help us work out what’s going to infect us,” says Geoghegan. “We’re only just coming to terms with the vastness of the virosphere.”
There are ways of narrowing down the culprit list. Many teams have tried to map geographical hotspots from which diseases are most likely to emerge, pinpointing areas with tropical forests and lots of mammal species. Others have tried to find features in viruses that make it easier for them to spread between people. But having tried this approach themselves, Geoghagen and Holmes argue it’s not very useful.
Partly, that’s because the results of such studies are too broad to narrow down the list of suspicious viruses in a helpful way. Partly, it’s because such work is based on past epidemics—events that are relatively rare, and so difficult to draw reliable patterns from. For example, Saudi Arabia comes out as mostly cold in maps of disease hotspots, and yet it’s where MERS virus recently jumped into humans from an unlikely host: camels. “We’re trying to predict really, really rare events from not much information, which I think is going to fail,” Geoghagen says.
Ultimately, the odds that a given virus will cause an outbreak depend on the virus itself, the animals that host it, the people who stand to contract it, and the environment that all of them live in. “Within each of these categories, there are so many variables that could influence disease emergence,” says Jennifer Gardy, from the University of British Columbia. “It’s hard enough to model the effect of any one, and these factors likely interact in ways that we can’t possibly understand just by looking at each of them discretely.”
It’s even difficult to work out whether the viruses we already know about are going to cause outbreaks. Ebola and Zika, for example, were discovered in 1976 and 1947 respectively, but both managed to catch the world unawares this decade. “This is the easiest kind of prediction to make,” says Kristian Andersen, from the Scripps Research Institute, and we’re still about 10 to 20 years from doing it well. Next up in difficulty: predicting whether a virus like H7N9 bird flu, which can infect humans but isn’t known to cause major outbreaks, will eventually do so. Again, Andersen says that this isn’t feasible now, but should be with more research.
But predicting whether a newly discovered animal virus could jump into humans and cause a pandemic “is simply impossible,” he says. “What you’re trying to predict is likely something that happens maybe once out of tens of billions of encounters, with one virus out of millions of potential viruses. You will lose your fight against the numbers.” Even machine-learning—using computers to divine patterns in data that humans might miss—won’t solve the problem because there isn’t enough good data for the computers to sift through.
Proponents of predictive initiatives say it’s too early to discount such approaches. If the same complaints had been raised in meteorology a century ago, “we wouldn’t have created the data that lets us forecast the weather, which we can do pretty well now,” says Jonna Mazet, the global director for PREDICT who also sits on the Global Virome Project steering committee.
“Can we predict pandemics? The answer right now is no. But just because something is hard to predict does not mean we cannot quantify its risk in a useful, actionable way—a logic that the insurance industry profits from,” adds Barbara Han, from the Cary Institute for Ecosystem Studies. No predictions are perfect, but at the very least, we can put boundaries on what is likely.
Resources aren’t infinite, though, and public health is an area that’s historically underfunded. Geoghagen argues that it would be best to channel efforts into approaches that would do the most good. For her, that involves looking at the “fault-lines” where humans and animals meet—regions where people are more likely to be exposed to animal viruses because they are chopping down forests, or setting up dense animal markets, or hunting wild creatures for meat, or moving around a lot because of political instability.
Mazet agrees, and says that the Global Virome Project plans to look for viruses precisely at such fault-lines. They want to, for example, search blood and meat samples of bushmeat, or the urine or saliva of rodents that share human homes. “It’s not aimed at detecting every virus out there,” she says, but she admits that the team hasn’t done the best job in explaining that to their fellow virologists.
But Geoghagen and Holmes argue that searching for these viruses in animals is still “a Sisyphean exercise.” You’d find too many, with no way of accurately assessing their risk of jumping into us. The project, they say, would be better off focusing on people—the workers in the bushmeat trade rather than the meat itself, for example. “Humans are the best sentinels: a virus discovered in humans very obviously can replicate in that host, which will not be the case for myriad viruses identified through biodiversity surveys of other [animals],” they say.
Andersen agrees. For the moment, preempting pandemics isn’t possible; what matters is catching them as early as possible. “Forget about detecting the virus before it jumps. Forget even about detecting the first patient,” he says. “Detect the first cluster of cases.” That’s possible if health workers routinely search for viruses in people who live at disease fault-lines, and the advent of portable, pocket-sized DNA sequencers could make such searches a reality.
These goals shouldn’t be seen in opposition, though. Kevin Olival from EcoHealth Alliance, who works with PREDICT, says that it would be impractical to study all fault-lines. “We need tools to help us narrow down and target our resources to the locations, host species, and viruses of greatest concern,” he says. Projects like PREDICT and the Global Virome Project may not act as crystal balls for future outbreaks, but they “help us prioritize on-the-ground disease surveillance.”
And PREDICT, through its work on detecting new animal viruses, has also helped to develop analytics tools and strengthen labs in developing countries, which will make it possible to do the kind of surveillance that Geoghagen, Andersen, and others are calling for. Everyone agrees that’s vital. “If we can’t even get routine surveillance working in hotspot settings, we have no chance of getting something even more complex, like prediction, in place,” says Gardy.
from Health News And Updates https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/10/pandemic-prediction-challenge/543954/?utm_source=feed
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Is It Possible to Predict the Next Pandemic?
It’s been two years since an epidemic of Zika began in Brazil, three since the largest Ebola outbreak in history erupted in West Africa, eight since a pandemic of H1N1 flu swept the world, and almost a hundred since a different H1N1 flu pandemic killed 50 million people worldwide. Those viruses were all known, but no one knew when or where they’d trigger epidemics. Other diseases, like SARS, MERS, and HIV, emerged out of the blue.
Sick of being perpetually caught off-guard, some scientists want to fully catalogue all viral threats, and predict which are likely to cause tomorrow’s outbreaks. The PREDICT project has been doing that for 8 years; with $100 million in funding from the U.S. Agency for International Development, they’ve discovered nearly 1,000 new viruses. The Global Virome Project is even more ambitious. Proposed in 2016, and still existing in concept only, it aims to find and sequence almost all the viruses in birds and mammals that could potentially spill over into humans.
The GVP estimates that around half a million such viruses exist, and finding them would cost $3.4 billion. With that hefty price tag would come security. In lofty language, the project promises to switch the world “from responding to outbreaks to proactively preparing for them” and to “mark the beginning of the end of the Pandemic Era.”
There’s just one problem, say Jemma Geoghegan and Edward Holmes, two virologists based on Sydney. It won’t work.
In a new paper, Geoghegan and Holmes argue that these projects aren’t going to help preempt pandemics, for the simple reason that there are just too many viruses. About 4,400 have been identified; millions more have not, and only a tiny fraction of these could conceivably jump into humans. “The GVP will be great for understanding more about viruses and their evolution, but I don’t see how it’ll help us work out what’s going to infect us,” says Geoghegan. “We’re only just coming to terms with the vastness of the virosphere.”
There are ways of narrowing down the culprit list. Many teams have tried to map geographical hotspots from which diseases are most likely to emerge, pinpointing areas with tropical forests and lots of mammal species. Others have tried to find features in viruses that make it easier for them to spread between people. But having tried this approach themselves, Geoghagen and Holmes argue it’s not very useful.
Partly, that’s because the results of such studies are too broad to narrow down the list of suspicious viruses in a helpful way. Partly, it’s because such work is based on past epidemics—events that are relatively rare, and so difficult to draw reliable patterns from. For example, Saudi Arabia comes out as mostly cold in maps of disease hotspots, and yet it’s where MERS virus recently jumped into humans from an unlikely host: camels. “We’re trying to predict really, really rare events from not much information, which I think is going to fail,” Geoghagen says.
Ultimately, the odds that a given virus will cause an outbreak depend on the virus itself, the animals that host it, the people who stand to contract it, and the environment that all of them live in. “Within each of these categories, there are so many variables that could influence disease emergence,” says Jennifer Gardy, from the University of British Columbia. “It’s hard enough to model the effect of any one, and these factors likely interact in ways that we can’t possibly understand just by looking at each of them discretely.”
It’s even difficult to work out whether the viruses we already know about are going to cause outbreaks. Ebola and Zika, for example, were discovered in 1976 and 1947 respectively, but both managed to catch the world unawares this decade. “This is the easiest kind of prediction to make,” says Kristian Andersen, from the Scripps Research Institute, and we’re still about 10 to 20 years from doing it well. Next up in difficulty: predicting whether a virus like H7N9 bird flu, which can infect humans but isn’t known to cause major outbreaks, will eventually do so. Again, Andersen says that this isn’t feasible now, but should be with more research.
But predicting whether a newly discovered animal virus could jump into humans and cause a pandemic “is simply impossible,” he says. “What you’re trying to predict is likely something that happens maybe once out of tens of billions of encounters, with one virus out of millions of potential viruses. You will lose your fight against the numbers.” Even machine-learning—using computers to divine patterns in data that humans might miss—won’t solve the problem because there isn’t enough good data for the computers to sift through.
Proponents of predictive initiatives say it’s too early to discount such approaches. If the same complaints had been raised in meteorology a century ago, “we wouldn’t have created the data that lets us forecast the weather, which we can do pretty well now,” says Jonna Mazet, the global director for PREDICT who also sits on the Global Virome Project steering committee.
“Can we predict pandemics? The answer right now is no. But just because something is hard to predict does not mean we cannot quantify its risk in a useful, actionable way—a logic that the insurance industry profits from,” adds Barbara Han, from the Cary Institute for Ecosystem Studies. No predictions are perfect, but at the very least, we can put boundaries on what is likely.
Resources aren’t infinite, though, and public health is an area that’s historically underfunded. Geoghagen argues that it would be best to channel efforts into approaches that would do the most good. For her, that involves looking at the “fault-lines” where humans and animals meet—regions where people are more likely to be exposed to animal viruses because they are chopping down forests, or setting up dense animal markets, or hunting wild creatures for meat, or moving around a lot because of political instability.
Mazet agrees, and says that the Global Virome Project plans to look for viruses precisely at such fault-lines. They want to, for example, search blood and meat samples of bushmeat, or the urine or saliva of rodents that share human homes. “It’s not aimed at detecting every virus out there,” she says, but she admits that the team hasn’t done the best job in explaining that to their fellow virologists.
But Geoghagen and Holmes argue that searching for these viruses in animals is still “a Sisyphean exercise.” You’d find too many, with no way of accurately assessing their risk of jumping into us. The project, they say, would be better off focusing on people—the workers in the bushmeat trade rather than the meat itself, for example. “Humans are the best sentinels: a virus discovered in humans very obviously can replicate in that host, which will not be the case for myriad viruses identified through biodiversity surveys of other [animals],” they say.
Andersen agrees. For the moment, preempting pandemics isn’t possible; what matters is catching them as early as possible. “Forget about detecting the virus before it jumps. Forget even about detecting the first patient,” he says. “Detect the first cluster of cases.” That’s possible if health workers routinely search for viruses in people who live at disease fault-lines, and the advent of portable, pocket-sized DNA sequencers could make such searches a reality.
These goals shouldn’t be seen in opposition, though. Kevin Olival from EcoHealth Alliance, who works with PREDICT, says that it would be impractical to study all fault-lines. “We need tools to help us narrow down and target our resources to the locations, host species, and viruses of greatest concern,” he says. Projects like PREDICT and the Global Virome Project may not act as crystal balls for future outbreaks, but they “help us prioritize on-the-ground disease surveillance.”
And PREDICT, through its work on detecting new animal viruses, has also helped to develop analytics tools and strengthen labs in developing countries, which will make it possible to do the kind of surveillance that Geoghagen, Andersen, and others are calling for. Everyone agrees that’s vital. “If we can’t even get routine surveillance working in hotspot settings, we have no chance of getting something even more complex, like prediction, in place,” says Gardy.
Article source here:The Atlantic
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Is It Possible to Predict the Next Pandemic?
New Post has been published on http://usnewsaggregator.com/is-it-possible-to-predict-the-next-pandemic/
Is It Possible to Predict the Next Pandemic?
It’s been two years since an epidemic of Zika began in Brazil, three since the largest Ebola outbreak in history erupted in West Africa, eight since a pandemic of H1N1 flu swept the world, and almost a hundred since a different H1N1 flu pandemic killed 50 million people worldwide. Those viruses were all known, but no one knew when or where they’d trigger epidemics. Other diseases, like SARS, MERS, and HIV, emerged out of the blue.
Sick of being perpetually caught off guard, some scientists want to fully catalogue all viral threats, and predict which are likely to cause tomorrow’s outbreaks. The PREDICT project has been doing that for 8 years; with $100 million in funding from the U.S. Agency for International Development, they’ve discovered nearly 1,000 new viruses. The Global Virome Project is even more ambitious. Proposed in 2016, and still existing in concept only, it aims to find and sequence almost all the viruses in birds and mammals that could potentially spill over into humans.
The GVP estimates that around half a million such viruses exist, and finding them would cost $3.4 billion. With that hefty price tag would come security. In lofty language, the project promises to switch the world “from responding to outbreaks to proactively preparing for them” and to “mark the beginning of the end of the Pandemic Era.”
There’s just one problem, say Jemma Geoghegan and Edward Holmes, two virologists based on Sydney. It won’t work.
In a new paper, Geoghegan and Holmes argue that these projects aren’t going to help preempt pandemics, for the simple reason that there are just too many viruses. About 4,400 have been identified; millions more have not, and only a tiny fraction of these could conceivably jump into humans. “The GVP will be great for understanding more about viruses and their evolution, but I don’t see how it’ll help us work out what’s going to infect us,” says Geoghegan. “We’re only just coming to terms with the vastness of the virosphere.”
There are ways of narrowing down the culprit list. Many teams have tried to map geographical hotspots from which diseases are most likely to emerge, pinpointing areas with tropical forests and lots of mammal species. Others have tried to find features in viruses that make it easier for them to spread between people. But having tried this approach themselves, Geoghagen and Holmes argue it’s not very useful.
Partly, that’s because the results of such studies are too broad to narrow down the list of suspicious viruses in a helpful way. Partly, it’s because such work is based on past epidemics—events that are relatively rare, and so difficult to draw reliable patterns from. For example, Saudi Arabia comes out as mostly cold in maps of disease hotspots, and yet it’s where MERS virus recently jumped into humans from an unlikely host: camels. “We’re trying to predict really, really rare events from not much information, which I think is going to fail,” Geoghagen says.
Ultimately, the odds that a given virus will cause an outbreak depend on the virus itself, the animals that host it, the people who stand to contract it, and the environment that all of them live in. “Within each of these categories, there are so many variables that could influence disease emergence,” says Jennifer Gardy, from the University of British Columbia. “It’s hard enough to model the effect of any one, and these factors likely interact in ways that we can’t possibly understand just by looking at each of them discretely.”
Related Stories
It’s even difficult to work out whether the viruses we already know about are going to cause outbreaks. Ebola and Zika, for example, were discovered in 1976 and 1947 respectively, but both managed to catch the world unawares this decade. “This is the easiest kind of prediction to make,” says Kristian Andersen, from the Scripps Research Institute, and we’re still about 10 to 20 years from doing it well. Next up in difficulty: predicting whether a virus like H7N9 bird flu, which can infect humans but isn’t known to cause major outbreaks, will eventually do so. Again, Andersen says that this isn’t feasible now, but should be with more research.
But predicting whether a newly discovered animal virus could jump into humans and cause a pandemic “is simply impossible,” he says. “What you’re trying to predict is likely something that happens maybe once out of tens of billions of encounters, with one virus out of millions of potential viruses. You will lose your fight against the numbers.” Even machine learning—using computers to divine patterns in data that humans might miss—won’t solve the problem because there isn’t enough good data for the computers to sift through.
Proponents of predictive initiatives say it’s too early to discount such approaches. If the same complaints had been raised in meteorology a century ago, “we wouldn’t have created the data that lets us forecast the weather, which we can do pretty well now,” says Jonna Mazet, the global director for PREDICT who also sits on the Global Virome Project steering committee.
“Can we predict pandemics? The answer right now is no. But just because something is hard to predict does not mean we cannot quantify its risk in a useful, actionable way—a logic that the insurance industry profits from,” adds Barbara Han, from the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies. No predictions are perfect, but at the very least, we can put boundaries on what is likely.
Resources aren’t infinite, though, and public health is an area that’s historically underfunded. Geoghagen argues that it would be best to channel efforts into approaches that would do the most good. For her, that involves looking at the “fault lines” where humans and animals meet—regions where people are more likely to be exposed to animal viruses because they are chopping down forests, or setting up dense animal markets, or hunting wild creatures for meat, or moving around a lot because of political instability.
Mazet agrees, and says that the Global Virome Project plans to look for viruses precisely at such fault lines. They want to, for example, search blood and meat samples of bushmeat, or the urine or saliva of rodents that share human homes. “It’s not aimed at detecting every virus out there,” she says, but she admits that the team hasn’t done the best job in explaining that to their fellow virologists.
But Geoghagen and Holmes argue that searching for these viruses in animals is still “a Sisyphean exercise.” You’d find too many, with no way of accurately assessing their risk of jumping into us. The project, they say, would be better off focusing on people—the workers in the bushmeat trade rather than the meat itself, for example. “Humans are the best sentinels: A virus discovered in humans very obviously can replicate in that host, which will not be the case for myriad viruses identified through biodiversity surveys of other [animals],” they say.
Andersen agrees. For the moment, preempting pandemics isn’t possible; what matters is catching them as early as possible. “Forget about detecting the virus before it jumps. Forget even about detecting the first patient,” he says. “Detect the first cluster of cases.” That’s possible if health workers routinely search for viruses in people who live at disease fault lines, and the advent of portable, pocket-size DNA sequencers could make such searches a reality.
These goals shouldn’t be seen in opposition, though. Kevin Olival from EcoHealth Alliance, who works with PREDICT, says that it would be impractical to study all fault-lines. “We need tools to help us narrow down and target our resources to the locations, host species, and viruses of greatest concern,” he says. Projects like PREDICT and the Global Virome Project may not act as crystal balls for future outbreaks, but they “help us prioritize on-the-ground disease surveillance.”
And PREDICT, through its work on detecting new animal viruses, has also helped to develop analytics tools and strengthen labs in developing countries, which will make it possible to do the kind of surveillance that Geoghagen, Andersen, and others are calling for. Everyone agrees that’s vital. “If we can’t even get routine surveillance working in hot-spot settings, we have no chance of getting something even more complex, like prediction, in place,” says Gardy.
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