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ziseviolet · 4 years

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Hello! So before I ask, I just want to say that you have an incredible tumblr and I want to thank you for answering questions about Hanfu, it helps a lot! Anyway, I have two doubts about Hanfu. The first one may be silly, but I wonder if in some dynasty fashion women wore earrings. The second question is whether clothing during the Qing Dynasty can be considered Hanfu. Sorry for my bad english!

Hi, thanks for the questions! (image via)

For your first question, please see my post on earrings here.

As to whether clothing during the Qing dynasty that lasted almost three centuries (1644-1912) can be considered hanfu: the simple answer - no. The more nuanced answer - it depends.

First of all, some types of hanfu & hanfu accessories were worn from the Ming dynasty into, and throughout, the Qing dynasty without changing their basic forms. Some examples include: religious clothing like Daoist robes, Chinese opera costumes, children’s clothing like Baijiayi (One Hundred Households Robe) and animal hats & shoes (e.g. Tiger hats), yunjian (cloud collars), and mandarin squares & rank badges. These items were commonly worn during the Qing dynasty, and are considered part of hanfu.

What did change was men and women’s everyday clothing. When the Manchu rulers of the Qing dynasty took power, they imposed their fashions on Han civilians. Wikipedia has this to say (x):

“For a period of time, under the dynastic laws after 1636, all Han Chinese were forced under penalty of death to adopt the Manchu male hairstyle, the queue, and dress in Manchu [clothing] instead of traditional [hanfu]. However, the order for ordinary…Han civilians to wear Manchu clothing was lifted, and only those Han who served as officials or scholars were required to wear them…By the late Qing…a great many commoner Han men wore Manchu male attire. For women, Manchu and Han systems of clothing coexisted.”

As you can see, while Han men’s fashion changed quite abruptly, Han women’s fashion evolved more gradually, taking on more Manchu influences as time passed. Let’s take a look at this timeline (source) of the evolution of Han women’s clothing during the Qing dynasty, from the late Ming dynasty to the beginning of the Republican era.

Rows 1-3: Han women’s clothing during the early Qing dynasty (rows 2-3) was a relatively unchanged continuation of late Ming dynasty hanfu (row 1). Note the hanfu styles of changshan, pifeng, and bijia:

Rows 4-6: As time time passed, more Manchu elements were incorporated. Note the changing shape of the collar & sleeves, and the use of wide decorative borders (rows 5-6):

Rows 7-9: Women’s clothing of the late Qing is markedly different from that of the early Qing. The collars, sleeves, silhouettes, and decorative borders have taken on the distinct forms that most people today associate with Qing dynasty fashion:

Therefore, the modern hanfu revival movement considers Han women’s clothing of the early Qing dynasty to be hanfu, as it overlaps with that of the late Ming dynasty (1, 2):

However, Han women’s clothing of the mid-to-late Qing dynasty is not considered hanfu, due to the many changes it underwent. Rather, it is in the separate category of “Qing Han Nv Zhuang/清汉女装” - “Han women’s clothing of the Qing dynasty”. The image below shows the similarities and differences between Han women’s clothing of the late Qing dynasty (left), and Manchu women’s clothing of the Qing dynasty (right). The main difference is that Han women maintained the two-piece top & skirt style from the Ming dynasty, while Manchu women wore long, one-piece robes. The other elements, however, are quite similar. Note: Manchu clothing is called Qizhuang/旗装. The “qi/旗”in qizhuang is the same “qi” in qipao, and means “banner”. It refers to the Eight Banners system of the Qing dynasty, and is shorthand for the Manchu people (1, 2):

For more detail on the differences between Ming dynasty hanfu and Qing dynasty clothing, @guzhuangheaven has a great post here.

Here are additional resources on hanfu & its relation to Qing dynasty fashion:

My “Qing dynasty” & “Qizhuang” tags

The “Notes on Qing dynasty costumes” series by @guzhuangheaven

“The Brief History of Qing Dynasty Clothing” article by Newhanfu

Please note that I am no expert on Qing dynasty fashion, and welcome any corrections/feedback ^^

Hope this helps!

#hanfu #earrings #Han women’s clothing of the Qing dynasty #清汉女装 #qizhuang #Qing Dynasty #>500 #history #reference #ask #reply #jesusestavoltando #chinese fashion #china

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chinesetong-china · 4 years

Video

Learn Chinese in Chinese stories｜Chinese Idiom ｜Li Bing Constructed Dujiangyan

"Tian Fu zhi Guo" means ‘ The land of abundance’, which refers to the Chengdu Plain in Sichuan Province, where giant pandas live. In the early years ,the flood and drought disasters in the Chengdu Plain were frequent, and its prosperity benefited from a hydraulician named Li Bing, who construced Dujiangyan two thousand years ago . Dujiangyan eliminated the floods,irrigated the Chengdu Plain and made it become the land of abundance .

‘天府之国’的意思是富庶之地，它是指四川省成都平原，这里也是大熊猫的故乡。最初的成都平原水旱灾害频繁，它的繁荣得益于一个叫李冰的水利专家，他在两千年前修建的都江堰解除了水灾，灌溉了农田，奠定了‘天府之国’的地理基础。

CONTENT

Lǐ Bīng Xiū Dū Jiāng Yàn

李冰修都江堰

Li Bing Constructed Dujiangyan

Min jiang ,wei yu si chuan sheng cheng du ping yuan xi bu

岷江，位于四川省成都平原西部

Minjiang River, located in the west of Chengdu Plain, Sichuan Province

Liang qian liang bai nian qian ,min jiang ji hu nian nian fa da shui

2200年前，岷江几乎年年发大水

About 2200 years ago, the Minjiang River flooded almost every year

Hong zai zhi hou ,you chang chang chu xian gan han

洪灾之后，又常常出现干旱

Floods was often followed by frequent droughts

Ren men sheng cun kun nan ,liu li shi suo

人们生存困难,流离失所

People were difficult to survive and lost their homes

Gong yuan qian er bai wu shi liu nian ,shui li zhuan jiaLi bing dan ren shu guo jun shou

公元前256年，水利专家李冰担任蜀国郡守

In 256 BC, Li Bing，a hydraulician，served as the stadholder of Shu ’Si Chuan’ State

Min jiang bei yu lei shan dang zhu ,zhi hao xiang nan liu

岷江被玉垒山挡住，只好向南流

Minjiang River was blocked by Yulei mountain, had to flow south

Mei nian shan hong yi lai jiu jue di

每年山洪一来就决堤

Every year the mountain torrents overflowed the banks

Er zhe kuai di fang ze mei nian da han

而这块地方则每年大旱

And this place was dry every year

Wo men yao zao kai yu lei shan fen liu min jiang

我们要凿开玉垒山分流岷江

We need to cut the Yulei mountain and diverse the Minjiang river

Kun nan fei chang da

困难非常大

It is very difficult

Dan shi xiu hao hou ,zi sun hou dai dou neng shou yi

但是修好后，子孙后代都能受益

But future generations will benefit when repaired

Li bing rang ren yong da huo ba shan shi jia re

李冰让人用大火把山石加热

Li Bing asked people to heat the rock in fires

Zai yong leng shui jiao zhu

再用冷水浇注

Poured in cold water

Shi shan shi bao lie

使山石爆裂

To burst the rocks

Ran hou qiao kai shi tou zao chu yi ge shan kou

然后撬开石头凿出一个山口

Then pried open the rocks and cut a pass

Jiang min jiang yin ru dong bian gan han di qu

将岷江引向东边干旱地区

To lead the Minjiang River to the eastern arid region

You yu shan di jiao gao ,fen liu de min jiang bu neng man zu guan gai xu qiu

由于山地较高，分流的岷江不能满足灌溉需求

Due to the high mountain area, the Minjiang River can not meet the irrigation demand

Li bing jue ding xiu jian di ba ti gao shui wei

李冰决定修建堤坝提高水位

Li Bing decided to build a dam to raise the water level

Ke shi di ba hen rong yi bei tuan ji de Min jiang chong zou

可是堤坝很容易被湍急的岷江冲走

But the dam was easily washed away by the swift Minjiang River

Li bing cong he bian xi yi fu de fu nv shen shang shou dao qi fa

李冰从河边洗衣服的妇女身上受到启发

Li Bing was inspired by women washing clothes by the river

Dang fang ru shi tou dao xi yi kuang shi

当放入石头到洗衣筐时

When put stones into the laundry basket

He shui cong xi yi kuang de feng xi zhong liu guo

河水从洗衣筐的缝隙中流过

The river flowed through the crevices of the laundry basket

Xi yi kuang que bu hui bei he shui chong zou

而洗衣筐却不会被河水冲走

And the laundry basket won't be washed away

Tong yang de ,ru guo yong zhu long zhuang shang e luan shi tou ru jiang zhong

同样的，如果用竹笼装上鹅卵石投入江中

Similarly, if put pebbles in bamboo cages and throw into river

Jiang shui cong zhu long he e luan shi de feng xi zhong liu zou

江水从竹笼和鹅卵石的缝隙中流走

The river flows through the crevices of bamboo cages and pebbles

Dang jiang shui de chong ji li bian xiao hen duo

当江水的冲击力变小很多

When the impact force of the river becomes much smaller

Di ba jiu neng xiu zhu qi lai

堤坝就能修筑起来

The dam can be built

Li Bing dai ling bai xing yong zhe ge fang fa xiu jian di ba

李冰带领百姓用这个方法修建堤坝

Li Bing led the people to build dams in this way

Ti gao shui wei bing jiang Min jiang fen wei nei jiang he wai jiang

提高水位并将岷江分为内江和外江

Raised the water level and divided the Min jiang river into inside and outside rivers

Ji jian shao le yu ji shi jiang shui dui di an de chong ji

既减少了雨季时暴涨的江水对堤岸的冲击

It reduced the river’ impact force to the banks in wet-season

You yin nei jiang shui guan gai le gan han de nong tian

又引内江水灌溉了干旱的农田

And pumped inside river water into dry fields

Ke shi wen ti you lai le

可是问题又来了

But there was another problem

Nei jiang he dao xia zhai ,hen rong yi bei yu ji de ni sha du se

内江河道狭窄,很容易被淤积的泥沙堵塞

The inside River is narrow and easily blocked by silt

Li Bing you she ji le si xing de fei sha yan

李冰又设计了S型的飞沙堰

And Li Bing designed S-shaped desilting Weir

Li yong shui liu de chong ji jiang ni sha pai ru wai jiang

利用水流的冲击将泥沙排入外江

Using the impact of water flow to drain silt into the outer river

Shi gan jing de shui liu ru nei jiang

使干净的水流入内江

To lead the clean water to inside river

Li Bing you rang ren zai jiang di fang ru you ke du de shi xiang

李冰又让人在江底放入标有刻度的石像

Li Bing asked to put graduated stone statues at the river bottom

Dang he di ni sha da dao shi xiang jing jie xian shi

当河底泥沙达到石像警戒线时

When river silt reach the warning line of the status

Bian dui ni sha jin xing qing li

便对泥沙进行清理

To clean up the silt

Zhi ci ,Du jiang yan shui li gong cheng zhong yu wan gong

至此，都江堰水利工程终于完工

The Dujiangyan Water Conservancy Project was finally completed

Du jiang yan xiao chu le shui huan

都江堰消除了水患

Dujiangyan eliminated the floods

Guan gai le cheng du ping yuan , shi ta cheng wei le tian fu zhi guo

灌溉了成都平原，使它成为了天府之国

irrigated the Chengdu Plain and made it become the land of abundance

Li jing liang qian san bai nian ，Dujiangyan zhi dao jin tian dou zai fa hui zuo yong.

历经2300年，都江堰直到今天都在发挥作用

Until now It has worked for 2300 years

KEYPOINTS

Lǐ Bīng

李冰

Lǐ李: 姓 family name

Bīng冰: 名 given name

Zhōng guó rén de xìng míng ,xìng shì fàng zài qián miàn ,míng zì fàng zài hòu miàn

中国人的姓名，姓氏放在前面，名字放在后面

All Chinese names, the family name is placed in the front and the given name in the back

Lǐ zài zhōng guó shì dà xìng , bǐ rú ‘lǐ xiǎo lóng’--- Bruce Lee

‘ 李’在中国是大姓，比如李小龙-----BRUCE LI ;

Li is a popular surname in China, such as‘ Li xiao long ‘ ----Bruce Lee;

Zài zhōng guó wén huà zhōng ,wǎn bèi de míng zì bù néng hé zhǎng bèi xiāng tóng ,duì zhǎng bèi yě bù néng zhí hū qí míng

在中国文化中，晚辈的名字不能和长辈相同，对长辈也不能直呼其名

In Chinese culture, to show respect, the younger generation's name can not be the same as the elders,and can’t call the elders ‘ names directly

Tiān fǔ zhī guó

天府之国

the land of abundance

Tiān fǔ zhī guó shì zhǐ sì chuān shěng ,sì chuān wèi yú zhōng guó xī nán bù ,shì dà xióng māo de gù xiāng

天府之国是指四川省，四川位于中国西南部，是大熊猫的故乡

‘tian fu zhi guo’ refers to Sichuan Province, which is located in southwest China and home to pandas

Lǐ Bīng xiū jiàn de dū jiāng yàn diàn dìng le sì chuān chéng wéi tiān fǔ zhī guó de dì lǐ jī chǔ

李冰修建的都江堰奠定了四川成为天府之国的地理基础

Dujiangyan, constructed by Li Bing, laid the foundation for Sichuan to become the land of abundance .

.......

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hiddenalready · 5 years

Text

Chu Qing Hua

素胚勾勒出青花筆鋒濃轉淡 su pei gou le chu qing hua bi feng nong zhuan dan The brush outlines a beautiful pattern, brush strokes becoming lighter 瓶身描繪的牡丹一如妳初妝 ping shen miao hui de mu dan yi ru ni chu zhuang The peony on the bottle, simplest beauty, just like you 冉冉檀香透過窗心事我了然 ran ran tan xiang tou gou chuang xin shi wo liao ran Whiffs of incense smoke bring your troubles to my heart 宣紙上走筆至此擱一半 xuan zhi shang zou bi zhi ci ge yi ban I pause halfway while painting 釉色渲染仕女圖韻味被私藏 you se xuan ran shi nv tu yun wei bei si cang The glazing of the lady's portrait hides her charm 而妳嫣然的一笑如含苞待放 er ni yan ran de yi xiao ru han bao dai fang Your smile, to me, like a budding flower 妳的美一縷飄散去到我去不了的地方 ni de mei yi lv piao san / qu dao wo qu bu liao de di fang But your beauty dissipates like smoke, to a place I can never reach ＃天青色等煙雨而我在等妳 (1) tian qing se deng yan yu / er wo zai deng ni The perfect shade of blue awaits the right weather, like how I wait for you 炊煙裊裊昇起隔江千萬里 chui yan niao niao sheng qi / ge jiang qian wan li From a thousand miles away, I gaze at the curling chimney smoke 在瓶底書漢隸仿前朝的飄逸 zai ping di shu han li fang qian zhao de piao yi The calligraphy beneath the bottle, elegance of the Han Dynasty 就當我為遇見妳伏筆 jiu dang wo wei yu jian ni fu bi Our meeting I foreshadowed ＊天青色等煙雨而我在等妳 (1) tian qing se deng yan yu / er wo zai deng ni The perfect shade of blue awaits the right weather, like how I wait for you 月色被打撈起暈開了結局 yue se bei da lao qi / yun kai liao jie ju The moonlight smudged away the remnants of our ending 如傳世的青花瓷自顧自美麗妳眼帶笑意 ru zhuan shi de qing hua ci zi gu zi mei li / ni yan dai xiao yi Like legendary porcelain obsessed with itself, your eyes full of laughter 色白花青的錦鯉躍然於碗底 se bai hua qing de jin li yue ran yu wan di Those blue carp seem to come alive on the white bowl 臨摹宋體落款時卻惦記著妳（2） lin mo song ti luo kan shi que dian ji zhe ni While I am imitating the Song inscription I'm thinking of you 妳隱藏在窯燒裡千年的秘密 ni yin cang zai yao shao li qian nian de mi mi The eon of secrets you buried in the kiln 極細膩猶如繡花針落地 ji xi ni you ru xiu hua zhen luo di It's exquisiteness like an embroidery needle 簾外芭蕉惹驟雨門環惹銅綠 (3) lian wai ba jiao re zhou yu men huan re tong lv The banana tree outside brought the sudden downpour, and in turn the copper rust on the door handle 而我路過那江南小鎮惹了妳 (3) er wo lu guo na jiang nan xiao zhen re le ni My passing by Jiangnan brings me to you 在潑墨山水畫(4) 裡妳從墨色深處被隱去(5) zai po mo shan shui hua li / ni cong mo se shen chu bei yin qu Yet you fade away into the deep abyss of the Chinese painting

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