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mylesicy · 1 year

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Halimbawa ng Akademikong Sulatin, ayon sa layunin, gamit at katangian

Anyo: Abstrak

Layunin: Mapaikli o mabigyan ng buod ang mga akademikong papel.

Gamit: Ito ay karaniwang ginagamit sa pagsulat ng akademikong papel para sa tesis, papel siyentipiko at teknikal, lektyur at report.

Katangian: Hindi gaanong mahaba, organisado ayon sa pagkakasunod-sunod ng nilalaman.

Anyo: Sintesis o Buod

Layunin: Organisadong mailahad ang kabuuang nilalaman ng teksto ng may pagkakasunod sunod.

Gamit: Nagpapaikli sa kwento at nilalaman nito ang mahahalagang pang yayari sa isang teksto.

Katangian: Pagpapaikli sa nilalaman ngunit nakaulat na rito ang mga mahalagang detalye sa mas maikli at maayos na pamamaraan.

Anyo: Bionote

Layunin: Ito ay may layunin na ipakilala ang manunulat at nagpapahayag ng mga katangian nito bilang isang indibidwal na may kredibilidad.

Gamit: Ginagamit ang mga bionote upang mabigyan ng sariling “profile” ang isang tao at naipapakita ang mga nagawa nito katulad ng mga akademikong achievements mga parangal at iba pa.

Katangian: Maikli lamang ang laman nito, gumagamit ng pangatlong panauhang pananaw (third-person), nagpapakilala sa mambabasa, gumagamit ng baliktad na tatsulok na sistema ng pagpapakita ng impormasyon mula sa pinakamahalaga papunta sa hindi gaano ka halaga. Nakatuon lamang sa mga angkop na kasanayan o katangian, binabanggit ang degree kung kailangan at maging matapat sa pagbabahagi ng impormasyon.

Anyo: Memorandum

Layunin: Maipabatid ang mga impormasyon ukol sa gaganaping pagpupulong o pagtitipon.

Gamit: Paghingi ng impormasyon, pag-aanunsiyo ng mga pagbabago sa mga pulong at pagbubuod ng mga pulong.

Katangian: Organisado at malinaw para maunawaan ng mabuti.

Anyo: Agenda

Layunin: Layunin nitong ipakita o ipabatid ang paksan tatalakayin sapagpupulong na magaganap para sa kaayusan ng atorgansadong pagpupulong.

Gamit: Ginagamit para maipakita ang adyenda ng isang meeting atpara maging organisado ang meeting.

Katangian: Pormal at organisado para sa kaayusan ng daloy ngpagpupulong.

Anyo: Panukalang Proyekto

Layunin: Ang layunin nito ay malaman ang plano na maaring gawin sa hinaharap.

Gamit: Ito ay ginagamit upang malaman ang isang proposal na kailangang ilatag at naglalayong mailatag ang mga plano na gagawin sa hinaharap.

Katangian: Ito ay pormal at makikita rin dito kung ano nga ba ang mga napagusapan sa natapos na pulong.

Anyo: Talumpati

Layunin: Layunin ng Talumpati na humikayat, tumugon, mangatwiran, magbigay ng kaalaman o impormasyon at maglahad ng isang paniniwala.

Gamit: Ang gamit ng talumpati ay ang makapagpahayag ng mga salita sa madla na siyang binubuo ng "Tagapagsalita" at "Tagapakinig".

Katangian: Ang katangian ng Talumpati ay ang pagtalakay sa napapanahong isyu o paksa na ang layunin ay bigkasin sa harap ng madla na handang makinig.

Anyo: Katitikan ng Pulong

Layunin: Ang pangunahing layunin nito ay maging pormal na pag-uulat ng mga naging kaganapan sa pormal na pagpupulong.

Gamit: Ito ay ginagamit na kung saan ay dito natin makikita ang opisyal na tala ng isang pulong at upang malaman kung kailan ang susunod na pulong.

Katangian: Ito ay dapat organisado ayon sa pagkakasunod-sunod ng mga puntong napag-usapan at makatotohanan.

Anyo: Posisyong Papel

Layunin: Layunin ng posisyong papel na mahikayat ang mga mambabasa na magkaroon ng kamulatan sa argumentong inihahain sa kanila. Ang mga posisyong papel ay karaniwang isinusulat mula sa pinakasimpleng format tulad ng letter to the editor hanggang sa pinakakomplikadong academic position paper.

Gamit: Ang isang posisyong papel ay isang salaysay na naglalahad ng kuro-kuro hinggil sa isang paksa at karaniwang isinulat ng may-akda o ng nakatukoy na entidad, gaya ng isang partido pulitikal. Nilalathala ang mga posisyong papel sa akademya, sa pulitika, sa batas at iba pang dominyo.

Katangian: Maaari itong kabilangan ng mga isyung may saklaw na pambansa o pandaigdigang may epekto sa isa o maraming pangkat ng mga indibi dwal o sa isang buong pamayanan sa pangkalahatan. Kung gayon, likas itong kontrober siyal at nagtataglay ng mga nagtutunggaliang pananaw.

Anyo: Replektibong Sanaysay

Layunin: Ang layunin ng Replektibong Sanaysay ay ang makapag pahayag at maipahiwatig ang pananaw o perspektibo tungkol sa mga isyu o kontento.

Gamit: Ang gamit ng Replektibong Sanaysay ay ang makapaglahad ng mga aral na natutunan sa pagsulat ng akda at kasama rito ang pagtalakay sa mga naging epekto ng isang bagay, tao o pangyayari sa gumawa ng akda.

Katangian: Ang katangian ng Replektibong Sanaysay ay ang makapag lahad ng interpretasyon at maka pagtalakay ng iba't ibang aspeto sa karanasang personal o sa mga nababasa/napapanood.

Anyo: Pictorial Essay o Larawang Sanaysay

Layunin: Layunin ng Pictorial Essay o Larawang Sanaysay ang magbigay ng kasiyahan o aliw sa taong gumagawa ng salaysay, magbigay ng mahalagang impormasyon, at malinang ang pagiging malikhain.

Gamit: Ang Pictorial Essay o Larawang Sanaysay ay ginagamit upang magpahiwatig ng mahalagang mensahe, kadalasan ito ay ginagamitan ng larawan at kaunting gamit ng salita.

Katangian: Ang katangian ng Pictorial Essay o Larawang Sanaysay ay ang paggamit sa larawan para sa mga sulatin kumpara sa mga salita at nagbibigay din ito ng sanaysay batay sa mga litrato na naka ayos.

Anyo: Lakbay Sanaysay

Layunin: Ang layunin nito ay ang magkaroon ng ka ng realisasyon sa paglalakbay na iyong ginawa.

Gamit: Ito ay ginagamit upang maitala ang mga nararanasan sa paglalakbay ng taong sumusulat nito at dito ay mas marami ang pagsulat kaysa sa mga larawan.Katangian: Ito ay personal at kalamitang nakakapang-akit ng mamababasa at ito rin ay detalyado at makatotohanan ang mga pinapakita dito.

Miyembro:

Aguilon, Myles Icy H.

Santiago, Marc Lorenz M.

Ty, Ruth Naomi S.

#FA #akademikongsulatin

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jocelynluvsuuu · 1 year

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Akademikong Sulatin

1. Anyo: Abstrak

Layunin: Ang layunin ng Abstrak ay magbigay impormasyon sa mga mambabasa, ang nilalaman o inaasahan nila sa isang papel o artikulo.

Gamit: Ang abstrak ay karaniwang ginagamit sa pagsulat ng mga akademikong papel gaya ng tesis, papel na siyentipiko, mga report, at teknikal lektyur.

Katangian: Hindi gaanong mahaba, may pagkakasunod-sunod, at organisado ang nilalaman.

Anyo: Sintesis o Buod

Layunin: Ang layunin ng Sintesis o Buod ay ay mailahad nang maayos at organisado ang kabuuang nilalaman ng akda.

Gamit: Ang sintesis ay karaniwang ginagamit sa mga tekstong naratibo gaya na lamang ng nobela, science fiction, mitolohiya at iba pa.

Katangian: Ito ay maikli ngunit iyong makikita ang pinupunto ng isang paksa.

Anyo: Bionote

Layunin: Ang layunin ng Bionote ay magbigay impormasyon tungkol sa may akda gaya na lamang kung ano nga ba ang kanilang mga akademik career, ito ay isang personal na profile ng isang tao.

Gamit: Ginagamit ito para sa personal na profile ng isang tao.

Katangian: Maliwanag, organisado at dito mo rin makikita ang karangalan ng taong may akda nito.

Anyo: Memorandum

Layunin: Ang Layunin ng Memorandum ay para mapabilis ang pakikipagtalastasan sa paraang opisyal upang mabigyang pansin, aksyon, katugunan.

Gamit: Ang Memorandum ay ginagamit sa pagbibigay alam sayo kung ano ang susunod na desisyon.

Katangian: Ito ang nagpapabatid kung ano ang nais na makita sa pagpupulong.

5. Anyo: Agenda

Layunin: Ang Layunin ng Agenda ay para malaman o bigyang ideya kung anong paksa ang mangyayari sa gagawing pagpupulong.

Gamit: Ito ay ginagamit sa pagpupulong para ilista ang kung magiging paksa sa pagpupulong.

Katangian: Ito ay maliwanag at pormal, at obhetibo at may paninindigan din ito.

Anyo: Panukalang Proyekto

Layunin: Ang Layunin ng Panukalang Proyekto ay isang proposal na naglalayong ilatag ang mga plano o adhikain para sa isang komunidad o samahan.

Gamit: Ito ay ginagamit para malaman kung ang isang proposal na kailangan ilatag at naglalayong mailatag ang mga plano na gagawin sa hinaharap.

Katangian: ito ay pormal, at dito makikita kung ano ba ang napag usapan sa natapos na pulong.

Anyo: Talumpati

Layunin: Ang layunin ng talumpati ayon sa pag aaral ay isa itong paraan ng komunikasyong pang publiko na may layuning manghikayat o paniwalaan ang isa mananalumpati sa kanyang ipinapahayag.

Gamit: Ito ay karaniwang ginagamit sa pang publikong komunikasyon, okasyon o pagpupulong. May tatlo itong bahagi na ginagamit sa talumpati ito ay, Pamagat, katawan, Pang huli o katapusan

Katangian: Ito ay may katangiang magpahatid ng impormasyon ukol sa isang pangyayari o paksa.

Anyo: Katitikan ng Pulong

Layunin: Ito ay may layunin ipabatid o ipaalam sa mga mambabasa or tagapakinig ang naganap sa isang pagpupulong sa pormal na paraan ng pag-uulat.

Gamit: Ito ay ginagamit upang ipaalala sa mga indibidwal ang kanilang papel at responsibilidad sa partikular na proyekto o aktibidad na kinakailangan pag pulungan

Katangian: Ito ay nagsisilbing dokumento kung saan nakasaad rito ang mga diskusyon at desisyon na ng yari sa isang pagpupulong

Anyo: Posisyong Papel

Layunin: Ito ay isang impormatibong sanaysay na may layunin mag lahad ng opinyon na ipinapahayag hinggil sa isang mahalagang isyu o pangyayari na tungkol sa batas, akademika, politika at iba pang larangan

Gamit: Karaniwang isinusulat ang isang posisyong papel sa paraang mapanghimok sa mambabasa upang maunawaan at sang-ayunan nito ang paninindigan ng nagsulat hinggil sa isyung pinaksa

Katangian: Ito ay may katangian manghikayat o malaman ng isang mang babasa ng partikular na isyu sa larangan ng diskusyon, aralin, pag aaral, politika at iba pa.

10.

Anyo: Replektibong Sanaysay

Layunin: Ang layunin ng uri ng sanaysay na ito ay maipahayag ang opinyon, karamdaman at mga saloobin tungkol sa isang bagay.

Gamit: Karaniwang ginagamit ito sa mga talumpati na nagpapa-iral ng malalim na pag-iisip sa sariling aksyon at desisyon.

Katangian: Ito ay naglalahaad ng mga ideya at opinyon na maaaring makapag-impluwensya ng pag-iisip ng isang indibidwal.

11.

Anyo: Pictorial Essay

Layunin: Layunin ng Pictorial Essay ay maglahad ng paglalarawan sa isang paksa gamit ang parehong textual at viswal na paraan ng pag-presenta.

Gamit: Karaniwan itong ginagamit sa mga meeting at presentasyon kung saan gusto ng magprepresenta na mas madaling maintindihan ng mga tao ang kaniyang nilalahad na ideya.

Katangian: Ito ay naglalaman ng maraming mga materyal na naglalarawan ng ideya ng isang paksa, tulad ng mga video at larawan.

12.

Anyo: Lakbay Sanaysay

Layunin: Ito ay naglalarawan hindi lamang ng damdamin ng maglalakbay pati na rin ng mga lugar na kanyang napuntahan kasama na dito ang mga tradisyon, kultura at mga tao.

Gamit: Ito ay ginagamit sa mga blog o traveling vlog o mga review sa mga iba’t ibang lugar na napuntahan ng nagsulat.

Katangian: Naglalaman ito ng impormasyon tungkol sa mga napuntahan na lugar at ipinapahayag ang kanilang opinyon at naging karanasan sa lugar na itinakda sa sanaysay.

#FA #AkademikongSulatin

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earthmatesmagazine · 2 years

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AGES 15-24

By Tarık Günersel

Pre-15:

Born in Istanbul in 1953, I was two when my parents divorced. * My mother brought me up. She loved literature, theater and opera. * My father was a humorous politician. * Grandpa was a secular Muslim thinker in favor of democratization. * Though a medical doctor, my uncle has translated many literary works from German, including a play by Goethe.

15-24:

I considered myself a world citizen who defends human rights. The international student movement was also inspiring. *The Soviet Union invaded Czechoslovakia and the USA bombed Cambodia. So in 1969 I criticized the UN for its inefficiency.

In 1970, thanks to AFS International, I finished high school in the USA. *The topic I chose for my article in American History was The Freedmen’s Bureau, founded after the Civil War to help former slaves.

In June 1971, a massive workers’ demonstration in Istanbul impressed some and alarmed others. * I began studying English Literature and Anthropology at Istanbul University.

In 1972 I wrote a temporary guide for myself: ‘Towards My Own Constitution’ -including my ideas accompanied by aphorisms by others.

In mid 1973 I reacted to military coup d’etat in Chile against the democratically elected socialist government led by Salvador Allende. *I hitch-hiked in Western Europe, wrote a poem upon visiting Köln Cathedral -imagining the post-annihilation of humanity due to a nuclear war.

The same year my sister Şen (Joyful) was born thanks to my father’s second marriage.

In 1974 I planned my life-long literary goal: To write a multi-genre mosaic epic.

As religious extremism, fascism and despotic capitalism were ascending in Türkiye, I chose Marxism, because it was inviting workers and other concerned people to solve their problems by getting organized scientifically, without expecting any help from a divine hand.

In 1975 I suffered from a psychological crisis.

In September 1976 I was disturbed during my one week visit in Bulgaria, finding the regime oppressive.

1977 May 1st – but a bloody one:

On May 1st, Workers’ Day was celebrated massively, and I was also at the Taksim Square. Upon provocative gun fires from a roof, there was a panic and thirty-six people were crushed.

I survived but with a trauma.

Grandfather and Grandson:

When the Soviet Union seemed to be strong under the leadership of Brejnev, my grandfather said to me: “The Soviet Union will collapse. Sixty years is nothing in the history of a nation. A regime that does not allow opposition cannot survive.”

Looking back:

My formative years? Began pre-birth, still going on.

Bionote:

Poet, playwright and librettist, Tarık Günersel worked at Istanbul Metropolitan Theater as a dramaturg and actor (1991-2014). *Former president of PEN Türkiye, he was elected to PEN Int’l Board in Japan in 2010.. *TG has also acted in several films -open to international projects.

Translations include Shakespeare’s Hamlet.

www.tarikgunersel.com/en [email protected]

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marcelinoharry · 2 years

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FILIPINO SA PILING LARANG

BLOG

BIONOTE

Ipinasa ni: Harry S. Marcelino

Ipinasa kay: Girlie Fetalvero

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sportstalks · 2 years

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Kevin Patrick Rama

Rama, Kevin Patrick S. was born on 2003, February 11. He's currently living in #15 Falcon Alley Street Batasan Hills Quezon City. Former athlete in Batasan Hills National High School in his two (2) years career as athlete he had two (2) medals which is from 2nd place in Triple Jump and 3rd place in Long jump. After his practice he manage to go to rehearsal for Mr. and Ms. UN and he also win in the Mr. and Ms. UN. He's currently finishing his grade 12 and the course he wants to finish is culinary arts when he gets into college.

In his senior high school career he always got high grades from all his subjects because he always gave his best in school. He loves playing basketball and listening to music every time he does something like when he is cleaning their house. His favorite quote is "if you have a goal in your life pursue it, you can rest but you can't stop" the reason he likes that quote is because he's the one who constructs that quote since he's a positive person. Every problem he faces he ignores it and thinks positive things that he can do.

#meet #bionote

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rajul123 · 8 days

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Asia-Pacific Livestock Diagnostics Market - Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast (2023-2030)

Meticulous Research®, a prominent firm specializing in market research, released a report titled, ‘Asia-Pacific Livestock Diagnostics Market by Product (Consumables {Swine Fever, Influenza}, System, Software), Technology (Immunodiagnostics {ELISA, LFA}, PCR), Animal Type (Swine, Bovine, Poultry), End User (POC, Veterinary Hospital) - Forecast to 2030.’

According to the latest report by Meticulous Research®, the livestock diagnostics market in the Asia-Pacific region is projected to experience a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10% between 2023 and 2030, reaching a total value of $501.8 million by 2030. This growth is fueled by several factors including rising demand for animal-based food products, increasing incidence of transboundary and zoonotic diseases, and supportive governmental initiatives. Furthermore, heightened awareness among farmers regarding animal health is anticipated to offer lucrative opportunities for industry stakeholders. Nevertheless, challenges such as a shortage of veterinary professionals specializing in livestock and inadequate infrastructure for animal health services may impede market growth.

Key Players

Major participants in the Asia-Pacific Livestock Diagnostics Market include IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. (U.S.), Zoetis Inc. (U.S.), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (U.S.), Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. (U.S.), bioMérieux S.A. (France), INDICAL BIOSCIENCE GmbH (Germany), Neogen Corporation (U.S.), BioNote, Inc. (South Korea), Ring Biotechnology Co Ltd. (China), and GD Animal Health (Netherlands).

Asia-Pacific Livestock Diagnostics Market: Future Outlook

The Livestock Diagnostics Market in the Asia-Pacific region is divided into segments based on products, animal types, technology, end users, and geography. These segments include various products like consumables (such as tests for diseases like Bovine Viral Diarrhea and Influenza), systems, and software. Animal types include Ruminants, Poultry, Swine, and others. Technologies used comprise Immunodiagnostics (like ELISA) and Molecular Diagnostics (including PCR), among others. End users encompass Reference Laboratories, Veterinary Hospitals & Clinics, and Point-of-care/At Farm Testing facilities. Additionally, the market is analyzed on a country level, evaluating competitors in the industry.

Based on the product, in 2023, the consumables category is projected to hold the leading share in the Asia-Pacific Livestock Diagnostics Market. This dominance is driven by factors such as the frequent need for consumables, a strong inclination towards rapid diagnostic solutions to enhance disease control, and the wide availability of test kits catering to diverse animal illnesses.

Based on animal type, the Asia-Pacific Livestock Diagnostics Market is categorized into ruminants, poultry, swine, and other livestock segments. Among these, the ruminant’s segment is anticipated to exhibit a higher compound annual growth rate (CAGR) throughout the forecast period. This growth is propelled by factors such as rising consumption of animal-based food items, a surge in livestock numbers to match escalating demand, and expanding export activities of animal-derived food products to international markets.

Based on technology, in 2023, the Asia-Pacific Livestock Diagnostics Market is divided into immunodiagnostics, molecular diagnostics, and other technology segments. The immunodiagnostics segment is projected to hold the most significant portion of the market. This dominance is primarily attributed to the widespread utilization of immunodiagnostic testing for disease detection and surveillance. Furthermore, immunodiagnostic tests provide quick and convenient options for near-patient testing, aiding farmers in early disease identification and treatment, thereby mitigating productivity losses in animals.

Based on end users, the Asia-Pacific Livestock Diagnostics Market is categorized into reference laboratories, veterinary hospitals & clinics, and point-of-care/at farm testing segments. Among these, the point-of-care/at farm testing segment is projected to witness the highest compound annual growth rate (CAGR) during the forecast period. This growth is propelled by factors such as increasing farmer awareness regarding early disease detection in animals and a rising preference for convenient on-site testing options.

Geographic Review

This research report examines key countries and offers a thorough analysis of the Asia-Pacific Livestock Diagnostics Market, including Japan, India, China, Australia, South Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore, and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. China is forecasted to experience the most rapid compound annual growth rate (CAGR) during the projected period. This growth is driven by factors such as the increasing livestock population, the Chinese government's dedicated efforts to bolster the agricultural sector, and the significant impact of African swine fever in the country. For example, according to the American Society of Microbiology, approximately 225 million pigs in China either perished or were culled due to the ASF outbreak between 2018 and 2019, with several new outbreaks reported in 2021 and 2022.

Download Sample Report Here @ https://www.meticulousresearch.com/download-sample-report/cp_id=5678

Key Questions Answered in the Report:

What is the present income generated from the sales of livestock diagnostic products in the Asia-Pacific region?

What is the anticipated growth rate for the demand in the Asia-Pacific livestock diagnostics market over the next 5 to 7 years?

What are the past market dimensions and growth rates of the Asia-Pacific livestock diagnostics market?

What are the primary factors influencing the market's expansion at the regional level? Additionally, what key opportunities are available for both current market participants and new entrants?

Which segments, concerning product, technology, animal type, and end user, are significantly attracting vendors' attention in this market?

What are the primary geographical patterns observed in this market? Which countries are anticipated to present substantial growth prospects for vendors engaged in the Asia-Pacific livestock diagnostics market?

Who are the dominant players in the Asia-Pacific livestock diagnostics sector? What are their distinct product offerings within this market?

What recent strategic advancements have occurred in the Asia-Pacific livestock diagnostics market, and what are their effects on the market?

Contact Us: Meticulous Research® Email- [email protected] Contact Sales- +1-646-781-8004 Connect with us on LinkedIn- https://www.linkedin.com/company/meticulous-research

#Asia-Pacific Livestock Diagnostics Market #Livestock Diagnostic Tests #Animal Health Monitoring #Livestock Diagnostics #Livestock Immunodiagnostics

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academiavet · 2 months

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Diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus e Insulinoterapia em Cães e Gatos segundo o Consenso AAHA (2022) e Update de FLEEMAN, L.; GILOR, C.; (2023) e MOTT et al (2023)

O Diabetes Mellitus clínico é diagnosticado com base na glicosúria persistente, hiperglicemia persistente e presença de sinais clínicos característicos (BEHREND et al, 2018). Documentação de uma concentração sérica elevada de frutosamina pode ser necessário para confirmar o diagnóstico em gatos. Os níveis de frutosamina podem estar apenas ligeiramente elevados com níveis mais baixos de hiperglicemia persistente e devem ser interpretados como parte de uma avaliação completa (BEHREND et al, 2018).

As proteínas glicosiladas incluem frutosamina e glicosilados Hemoglobina a1c). Frutosamina, a proteína glicosilada usada em medicina veterinária, é formada pela ligação não enzimática e irreversível da glicose às proteínas séricas, principalmente à albumina. A taxa de formação é proporcional ao nível médio de BG, portanto, quanto maior for a concentração média de glicose no sangue ao longo do tempo, maior deverá ser a concentração de frutosamina. Como a concentração de frutosamina também é afetada pela meia-vida da albumina, ela reflete o controle glicêmico durante as 1–2 semanas anteriores. Infelizmente, diabéticos bem controlados podem ter concentrações elevadas de frutosamina. Por outro lado, animais de estimação diabéticos não controlados podem ter níveis normais. A frutosamina pode estar elevada em gatos doentes, hiperglicêmicos, mas não diabéticos. Por essas razões, as tendências de frutosamina são mais úteis do que valores isolados. Como a frutosamina normalmente não é afetada pelo estresse, ela pode ajudar a diferenciar a hiperglicemia por estresse do diabetes" (BEHREND et al, 2018).

O exame de hemoglobina glicada, também conhecido como HbA1C ou A1C, é o principal exame indicado na hora de investigar a diabetes mellitus, por não necessitar de jejum em humanos (LABORATÓRIO EXAME, s. d.), tanto para monitoramento, como para diagnóstico, mas raramente é usada em clínicas veterinárias (KIM et al, 2019). No entanto, o sistema de teste de HbA1c pode ser um sistema de teste valioso para avaliar o diabetes mellitus canino em sua forma comercial de teste para humanos (teste HbA1c analisador SD A1cCare (Bionote, Gyeoggi-do, Coreia do Sul), fornecendo uma opção alternativa para uso por médicos veterinários em estabelecimento veterinário conforme avaliado por KIM et al, 2019. No Brasil, você pode encontrar testes rápidos de Hemoglobina Glicada, por exemplo, A1CNOW - NL Diagnóstica -(nldiagnostica.com.br) no Estado de São Paulo. Entretanto, de acordo com o Consenso do American Animal Hospital Association - AAHA (2022) testes comerciais de A1C canino e felino estão disponíveis, porém mais estudos são necessários para avaliar o uso clínico em animais de estimação (BEHREND et al, 2018).

Deve-se, no entanto, ter em mente que: "A hemoglobina glicada A1c (HbA1c) reflete o controle glicêmico de longo prazo (meses) e foi previamente investigada como ferramenta de monitoramento e diagnóstico em gatos diabéticos. No entanto, um teste e intervalos de referência (IRs) padronizados, confiáveis e disponíveis globalmente não foram estabelecidos. Um novo sistema de cartão de sangue seco (A1Care, Baycom Diagnostics) permite fácil coleta e avaliação dos níveis de HbA1c em pacientes felinos" (MOTT et al, 2023).

Às vezes, a glicemia elevada pode ser identificada em exames de sangue na ausência de sinais clínicos consistentes. Nesses casos, se a hiperglicemia de estresse puder ser descartada, o paciente poderá ser classificado como de risco para desenvolver DM. Os sinais clínicos de PoliUria/PoliDipsia não se desenvolvem até que a concentração de glicose no sangue exceda o limiar tubular renal para derramamento de glicose na urina. A glicosúria normalmente se desenvolve quando a concentração de glicose no sangue excede aproximadamente 200 mg/dL em cães e 250–300 mg/dL em gatos (BEHREND et al, 2018).

Cães e gatos nos estágios iniciais do DM não clínico aparecem saudáveis, têm peso estável e geralmente são identificados como resultado de avaliação laboratorial de rotina. Não apresentam sinais clínicos de Diabetes Mellitus. Nesses pacientes, a hiperglicemia de estresse precisa ser descartada, bem como a correção de quaisquer distúrbios de resistência à insulina e a descontinuação de medicamentos associados à liberação ou sensibilidade prejudicada à insulina. A reavaliação da glicemia ou o monitoramento dos níveis de glicose na urina (UG) quando o paciente não estiver mais estressado em casa ou a medição das concentrações séricas de frutosamina podem ajudar a diferenciar entre hiperglicemia de estresse e DM e determinar se medidas adicionais devem ser tomadas (BEHREND et al, 2018).

Como a doença persiste sem tratamento, o exame físico em estágios um pouco mais acançados pode revelar perda de peso, desidratação, pelagem deficiente, dor abdominal se houver pancreatite concomitante ou catarata. Alguns gatos com hiperglicemia de longa data podem desenvolver neuropatia periférica (BEHREND et al, 2018).

Animais com DM clínico apresentarão PoliUria, PoliDipsia, PoliFagia e perda de peso. Alguns podem apresentar letargia, fraqueza e má condição corporal. Os cães podem ter catarata e os gatos podem apresentar queixa de dificuldade de salto e marcha anormal. Alguns pacientes apresentarão sinais sistêmicos de doença devido à cetose/cetoacidose diabética, como anorexia, vômito, desidratação e depressão. Se houver cetose, um odor adocicado pode ser notado no respiração do animal de estimação. A avaliação laboratorial inclui um banco de dados básico mínimo (hemograma completo, bioquímica com eletrólitos, análise de urina com cultura, triglicerídeos, UPC [relação proteína/creatinina], Pressão Arterial e nível de T4 em gatos) (BEHREND et al, 2018).

A insulinoterapia que mais atende ao padrão de ação da insulina basal em cães é a insulina glargina U300 e a insulina degludeca, enquanto em gatos a insulina glargina U300 é a opção mais próxima, formulações de insulina cuja ação é aproximadamente a mesma a cada hora de por dia, embora nenhuma formulação de insulina deva ser considerada por padrão como “melhor”. Suspensões de insulina (NPH, NPH/misturada com regulares, lenta e PZI), bem como insulina glargina U100 e detemir são formulações de ação intermediária administradas duas vezes ao dia (FLEEMAN, L.; GILOR, C.; 2023).

O uso de detemir é indicado no tratamento de cães diabéticos com comorbidades mal controlados com insulinas de ação intermediária (HARRIS-SAMSON, A.R.; RAND, J.; 2023), assim como a administração basal em bolus de insulina glargina parece ser uma alternativa eficaz e segura ao atual protocolo padrão de infusão contínua para o tratamento da cetoacidose diabética em gatos devido aos resultados positivos e a simplicidade tornarem este protocolo uma opção viável para o tratamento da CetoAcidose Diabética (CAD) Felina (ZEUGSWETTER et al., 2021). No entanto, segundo HARRIS-SAMSON; RAND (2023), mais estudos são necessários para desenvolver protocolos de dosagem de insulina detemir que alcancem excelente controle glicêmico em cães diabéticos saudáveis e cães com controle glicêmico deficiente com outras insulinas, outras comorbidades e resistência à insulina; além disso, recomenda-se que dietas com baixo teor de carboidratos sejam desenvolvidas para cães diabéticos, assim como para gatos, para uso em conjunto com insulinas de ação prolongada.

Em pacientes com alguma função residual das células beta, como muitos gatos diabéticos, a administração apenas de uma insulina basal pode levar à normalização completa das concentrações de glicose no sangue se a secreção de insulina endógena pós-prandial for suficiente para compensar a necessidade de bolus e/ou se a necessidade de bolus é sustentado e prolongado (FLEEMAN, L; GILOR, 2023).

Atualmente, encontram-se no mercado, obtidos por tecnologia ADN recombinante, os analógicos de curta ação (a Lispro, a Aspart e a Glulisine) e, mais recentes, os analógicos de longa ação (a Glargina e a Detemir) (Andrade & Marco, 2006; Azevédo, 2006; Werner & Chantelau, 2011 apud SANTOS, F. A., 2012).

Em comparação com as suspensões de insulina (NPH, lenta e PZI), as soluções de insulina (glargina, detemir e degludec) estão associadas a menos variabilidade diária e, se for feita também a comparação na aplicação da combinação tradicional de frasco/seringa, as canetas de insulina melhoram a qualidade de vida do cuidador, melhoram a adesão e permitem melhor exatidão e precisão da dosagem (FLEEMAN, L.; GILOR, C.; 2023).

Embora a insulina manipulada (mistura de diferentes análogos de insulina) esteja disponível, seu uso não é recomendado devido a preocupações com métodos de produção, diluentes, esterilidade e consistência da concentração de insulina entre lotes (BEHREND et al, 2018).

No que tange à disponibilização de insulinas análogas pelo SUS para humanos, as insulinas humanas NPH e Regular, de ação intermediária, na apresentação frascos 10 ml, são disponibilizadas pelo SUS há mais de 10 anos. A Portaria SCTIE/MS nº 11, de 13 de março de 2017, tornou pública a decisão de incorporar caneta para injeção de insulina humana NPH e insulina humana Regular no âmbito do SUS. O análogo de Insulina de ação longa [grupo da insulina pleiteada Degludeca] foi incorporado ao SUS para o tratamento da Diabetes mellitus tipo 1, conforme disposto na Portaria SCTIE nº 19 de 27 de março de 2019.

Está disponível uma forma combinada de NPH mais insulina regular (70 NPH/30 Regular) que pode ser adequada se o cão tiver uma duração de ação completa (8–12 horas) com um nadir precoce ou pico de glicemia pós-prandial. Alguns médicos usam este produto em cães que desenvolvem hiperglicemia pós-prandial quando tratados com NPH (BEHREND et al., 2018).

O tratamento da CAD em cães com insulina lispro intravenosa em infusão contínua é seguro e tão eficaz quanto o tratamento com insulina regular (SEARS; DROBRATZ; HESS, 2012).

"A insulina análoga Aspart tem seu início de ação de 10 a 20 minutos, atinge a concentração máxima (pico) em 1 hora e tem uma duração média de 3 a 5 horas. As suas características clínicas são muito semelhantes às da Lispro, sendo também utilizadas em regimes de terapia intensiva (injeções múltiplas), em bombas de infusão ou misturadas a insulinas bases de ação interativa, como a NPH (Lindholm & Jacobsen, 2001; Owens & Vora , 2006). Desenvolveu-se, ainda, uma variante da Aspart, a Aspart B10. Este derivado da troca da histidina na posição B10 por um ácido aspártico. Esta alteração aumenta a atividade mitogenética, estimula a autofosforilação dos receptores IGF-1 (fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-1), aumenta a visão do ADN e leva à visão das células do endotélio da aorta, bem como, contribui para a mitose das células -β do pâncreas (Hirsh, 2005)" (SANTOS, 2012).

"O mais recente análogo da insulina, ainda não disponível no mercado, é a Glulisina (Apidra®). Este é elaborado através da substituição da lisina por asparagina, perto do terminal-N da cadeia B, e pela substituição do ácido glutâmico pela lisina, próximo do terminal-C. Os ensaios experimentais realizados, demonstram propriedades semelhantes à Lispro e ao Aspart, no entanto, com benefícios ao nível celular, associados a uma maior sobrevida das células-β (Becker & Frick, 2008)" (SANTOS, 2012).

Já a insulina Lente (suspensão de insulina de zinco suína U-40; Vetsulin, Merck Animal Health) é uma insulina de ação intermediária comumente usada pela Força-Tarefa em cães. É aprovado pela FDA para uso em cães e gatos. Tem uma duração de ação de quase 12 horas na maioria dos cães e é útil para minimizar a hiperglicemia pós-prandial. Lente (suspensão de insulina de zinco suína U-40; Vetsulin, Merck Animal Health) é uma insulina de ação intermediária comumente usada pela Força-Tarefa em cães. É aprovado pela FDA para uso em cães e gatos. Tem duração de ação de cerca de 12 horas na maioria dos cães e é útil para minimizar a hiperglicemia pós-prandial (BEHREND et al., 2018).

Agentes terapêuticos não insulínicos usados para tratar diabetes mellitus em pequenos animais incluem sulfonilureias (glipizida: que pode ser usada como coterapia com insulina e é recomendada apenas para proprietários que se recusam a usar insulina em gatos. Não deve ser usada em cães), alfa-glicosidase inibidores (acarbose: pode ser usado em cães e gatos. Útil quando o pico de atividade da insulina ocorre 2 horas após a administração) e incretinas (resultados promissores com exenatida ER [Bydureon] em gatos e liraglutida em cães. O modo de ação é visto mais comumente em animais saudáveis e possivelmente em gatos diabéticos, mas não em cães com diabetes clássico) (BEHREND et al., 2018).

Referências:

BRASIL, SCTIE nº 19 de 27 de março de 2019. Torna pública a decisão de incorporar insulina análoga de ação prolongada para o tratamento de diabetes mellitus tipo I, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS. Disponível em: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/saudelegis/sctie/2019/prt0019_29_03_2019.html. Acesso em: 04/03/2024.

Fleeman L, Gilor C. Insulin Therapy in Small Animals, Part 1: General Principles. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice. Volume 53, Issue 3, 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.02.002. Epub 2023 Mar 9. PMID: 36906469. ISSN 0195-5616, ISBN 9780323940238.Disponível em: <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195561623000219>. Acesso em: 04 de mar. 2024.

Harris-Samson, A. R., Rand, J., and Ford, S. L. (2023). Detemir improves diabetic regulation in poorly controlled diabetic dogs with concurrent diseases. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 261, 3, 327-335, available from: < https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.22.09.0402> [Accessed 04 March 2024]

Kim NY, An J, Jeong JK, Ji S, Hwang SH, Lee HS, Kim MC, Kim HW, Won S, Kim Y. Evaluation of a human glycated hemoglobin test in canine diabetes mellitus. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2019 May;31(3):408-414. doi: 10.1177/1040638719832071. Epub 2019 Feb 18. PMID: 30776981; PMCID: PMC6838714. Disponível em: <https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30776981/> . Acesso em: 04 de mar. 2024.

LABORATÓRIO EXAME, s. d. Exame de Hemoglobina Glicada. Disponível em: <https://laboratorioexame.com.br/saude/exame-de-hemoglobina-glicada#:~:text=O%20exame%20de%20hemoglobina%20glicada>. Acesso em: 04 de mar. 2024.

MOTT, J. et al. Establishment of a feline glycated hemoglobin reference interval for a novel dried‐blood‐spot assay and the effects of anemia on assay results. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, v. 52, n. 3, p. 531–539, 5 jul. 2023.

Sears KW, Drobatz KJ, Hess RS. Use of lispro insulin for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in dogs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2012 Apr;22(2):211-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-4431.2012.00719.x. Epub 2012 Mar 5. PMID: 22390184.

Zeugswetter FK, Luckschander-Zeller N, Karlovits S, Rand JS. Glargine versus regular insulin protocol in feline diabetic ketoacidosis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2021 Jul;31(4):459-468. doi: 10.1111/vec.13062. Epub 2021 May 4. PMID: 33945208; PMCID: PMC8360016.

SANTOS, Filipa Alves. Diabetes Mellitus em cães e gatos: estudo retrospectivo de 35 casos clínicos. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (bacharelado - Medicina Veterinária) - Universidade Técnica de Lisboa - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2012. Disponível em: <https://www.repository.utl.pt/bitstream/10400.5/4050/1/Diabetes%20Mellitus%20em%20caes%20e%20gatos.pdf>. Acesso em: 04 de mar. 2024.

#insulina degludeca #degludec insulin #NPH #insulina #diabetes mellitus em cães #diabetes mellitus em gatos #endocrinologia veterinária #endocrinologia em medicina felina #glargina #insulina lenta #PZI

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sytereic · 2 months

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Bionote

Joaquie (Wa-ki) Andrei C. Panotes (Pa-no-tes) was born on October 18, 2005 in Mandaluyong hospital. Raised as the second and youngest child of Jacquelin and Dennis Panotes, they currently reside in Hugo Perez, Trece Martires City, Cavite to pursue his degree as a communication major.

He previously lived in Bucandala II Imus City, Cavite during his one to three elementary school years. He studied in Bucandala II Elementary School, then finished his remaining elementary years as well as highschool years in Southern Philippines Institute of Science and Technology (SPIST).

He later took Humanities in Social Science (HUMSS) in General Pantaleon Garcia Senior High School (GPGSHS), completing his Senior hIgh school years with honors. Now taking up AB Communication in National University Dasmarinas, he meanderes the path of ABCOMM to pursue his later career of Voice Acting.

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linguistlist-blog · 3 months

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Calls: Expert and Lay Voices in Online Health Communication

Call for Papers: If you would like to participate in the seminar, please submit your proposals for 20-minute papers (app. 200 words) together with short bionotes (up to 100 words) via email to Anna Tereszkiewicz at anna.tereszkiewicz(at)gmail.com http://dlvr.it/T3FWd2

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letters4saint · 3 months

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Sabihin na nating gusto kita kilalanin, kaya nilalagay ko sa notes ko lahat ng interesting facts about you. Lahat ng patungkol sayo ay nilagay ko. Ganto pa nga ang pattern eh,

All about you 🩷

• Favorite Color: Violet

• Favorite Snacks: Choco Mucho Sandwich

• Important 📅: July 5, 2023 - First Night

• Love Language 🎀: Quality time, Physical Touch, and Acts of Service

Tipong tinanggal ko na lahat ng koneksyon sayo, pero lilitaw ka sa DMs ko para tanungin kung ano pa malalagay mo sa bionote mo. Ganon ba talaga ako ka-interesado sayo? Sabagay, sabi nga nila "to be loved is to be known." Kaya siguro sa kahit ilang buwan na pinagsamahan natin, hindi mo manlang ako nakilala.

Noong una, pinagkibit balikat ko lang noong pinahulaan ko sayo kung ano ang paborito kong kulay na maaari kung ipa-pintura sa kwarto ko, pero hindi nagtugma ang inaasam ko na sagot. Totoo pala na hindi mo ko kinilala hanggang sa huling beses na binibigyan kita ng pagkakataon.

Hindi mo pa rin alam kung ano ang tono ang dapat mong gamitin kapag kausap ako. (BASAHIN: Gusto ko lang naman 'yung malambing na tipong hindi ko nadidinig ang sigaw gawa ng pagtitipa nila.)

Hindi mo pa rin alam ang salitang kailangan kong madiinig. (BASAHIN: Gusto ko lang naman 'yung makakausap kita nang maayos at mararamdaman kong mahalaga ako kahit papaano.)

Hindi mo pa rin alam na gusto ko makilala mo ko higit pa sa kilala ako ng kahit kanino.

Bakit mo sila kinikilala kung hindi ka naman nila kilala?

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vanshika393 · 8 months

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Canine CRP Immunoassay Market Analysis Demand, Statistics, Top Manufacturers, Revenue by Reports and Insights 2030

The latest market report published by Credence Research, Inc. “Global Canine CRP Immunoassay Market: Growth, Future Prospects, and Competitive Analysis, 2016 – 2030. The global canine CRP immunoassay market has witnessed rapid growth in recent years and is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 8.5% between 2023 and 2030. The market was valued at USD XX billion in 2022 and is anticipated to reach USD XX billion in 2030.

Canine CRP Immunoassay Market refers to a specific niche within the veterinary diagnostics industry. CRP stands for C-reactive protein, which is a substance produced by the liver in response to inflammation in the body. Measuring CRP levels can be a valuable tool in diagnosing and monitoring various medical conditions in both humans and animals, including dogs (canines).

The Canine CRP Immunoassay Market includes the development, manufacturing, and distribution of diagnostic kits and tools specifically tailored for measuring CRP in dogs. These immunoassay kits typically use antibodies or other biomarkers to detect and quantify CRP levels in a dog's blood or serum. The results of these tests can aid veterinarians in making accurate diagnoses and determining appropriate treatment plans for their canine patients.

Canine CRP Immunoassay Market Growth Factor Worldwide

Increasing Pet Ownership: The rising trend of pet ownership, particularly dogs, has led to a growing demand for advanced healthcare services and diagnostics. As more people consider their pets as family members, they are more willing to invest in their health, including diagnostic testing like CRP immunoassays.

Awareness of Pet Health: There is a heightened awareness of pet health and wellness among pet owners. They are increasingly proactive about identifying and managing their pets' health conditions, driving the need for reliable diagnostic tools like CRP tests for early disease detection.

Aging Canine Population: The global canine population is aging, and older dogs are more susceptible to various health issues, including inflammatory conditions. This demographic trend increases the demand for diagnostic tests like Canine CRP immunoassays.

Advancements in Veterinary Medicine: Advances in veterinary medicine have led to more sophisticated diagnostic tools and treatments for pets. Canine CRP immunoassays are becoming an integral part of this progress, aiding in accurate diagnosis and treatment monitoring.

Some of the leading players in the global market and their market share are as follows:

ACON Laboratories Inc

Bionote Inc

Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc

Eurolyser Diagnostics GmbH

Heska Corporation

IDEXX Laboratories Inc

Randox Laboratories Ltd

R-Biopharm AG

Zoetis Inc

Browse 240 pages report Canine CRP Immunoassay Market By Product Type (Kits & Reagents, Instruments) By Technology (ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunoturbidimetry, Chemiluminescence Immunoassay, Fluorescence Immunoassay) By Application (Diagnosis, Research) By End-User (Veterinary Reference Laboratories Veterinary Hospitals & Clinics, Research Institutes)– Growth, Future Prospects & Competitive Analysis, 2016 – 2030 – https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/canine-crp-immunoassay-market

Here are some of the key offerings in the Canine CRP immunoassay market:

Canine CRP Test Kits: These are diagnostic kits designed to detect and measure the concentration of C-reactive protein in canine blood samples. They may come in various formats, such as ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kits, rapid lateral flow assays, or other immunoassay formats.

Laboratory Services: Some companies offer laboratory testing services where veterinarians or pet owners can send canine blood samples for CRP testing. These services often provide accurate and timely results, making them a valuable resource for diagnosing and monitoring inflammatory conditions in dogs.

Point-of-Care Testing Devices: Portable and easy-to-use point-of-care testing devices are designed for use in veterinary clinics, allowing for rapid CRP testing without the need to send samples to a centralized laboratory.

Software and Data Management Solutions: Software solutions may be offered to manage patient data, store test results, and generate reports for veterinarians. These solutions can help streamline the diagnostic process and enhance the communication of test results to pet owners.

Educational Resources: Many companies provide educational materials and resources to veterinarians, pet owners, and researchers. These resources may include training materials, research publications, webinars, and seminars on the importance of CRP testing in canine healthcare.

Segmentation

By Product Type

Kits & Reagents

Instruments

By Technology

ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay)

Immunoturbidimetry

Chemiluminescence Immunoassay

Fluorescence Immunoassay

By Application

Diagnosis

Research

Why to Buy This Report-

The report provides a qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of the global Canine CRP Immunoassay Market by segments, current trends, drivers, restraints, opportunities, challenges, and market dynamics with the historical period from 2016-2020, the base year- 2021, and the projection period 2022-2028.

The report includes information on the competitive landscape, such as how the market's top competitors operate at the global, regional, and country levels.

Major nations in each region with their import/export statistics

The global Canine CRP Immunoassay Market report also includes the analysis of the market at a global, regional, and country-level along with key market trends, major players analysis, market growth strategies, and key application areas.

Browse Full Report: https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/canine-crp-immunoassay-market

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Related Report: https://www.credenceresearch.com/report/microfluidic-modulation-spectroscopy-market

Browse Our Blog: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/canine-crp-immunoassay-market-grow-steadily-over-cagr-vanshika-shukla

About Us -

Credence Research is a viable intelligence and market research platform that provides quantitative B2B research to more than 10,000 clients worldwide and is built on the Give principle. The company is a market research and consulting firm serving governments, non-legislative associations, non-profit organizations, and various organizations worldwide. We help our clients improve their execution in a lasting way and understand their most imperative objectives. For nearly a century, we’ve built a company well-prepared for this task.

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#Immunodiagnosis

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