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Welcome to the show notes for Episode 141 of the "Spacetime" podcast, hosted by Stuart Gary. In this episode, we delve into China's ambitious Mars mission, a novel cosmic source for gold, and NASA's upcoming SPHEREx mission. **Episode Highlights:** 1. **China's Mars Sample Return Mission**:
Summary: China announces plans to conduct a Mars sample return mission, potentially beating NASA and ESA. The mission, named Tianwin Three, involves complex logistics and builds on the success of Tianwin One.
2. **Alternative Cosmic Source for Gold**:
Cosmic Gold, Neutron Stars, Astrophysics, Heavy Elements, Gold Synthesis, Stellar Explosions. - Summary: Astrophysicists propose a new theory suggesting that low mass neutron stars could be a source of heavy elements like gold and platinum, offering fresh insights into cosmic chemistry.
3. **NASA's SPHEREx Mission**:
Summary: NASA's SPHEREx mission, slated for a 2025 launch, aims to create the most detailed map of the universe, studying the history of galaxies and searching for key molecules in space.
4. **Additional Topics**: - El Nino Conditions: Discussion on the persistence of El Nino and its climatic impact. - Artificial Sensor for Fabric Textures: Introduction of a new sensor mimicking human touch in recognizing fabric textures. - AI Stereotypes in Medical Imaging: Exploration of biases in AI-generated images of medical professionals. - Derbyshire Big Cat Sighting: A light-hearted anecdote about a supposed big cat sighting in Derbyshire.
**Connect with Us:** - Follow us on Twitter: [@SpacetimeWithStuartGary](https://twitter.com/stuartgary) - Join our Instagram community: [@SpacetimeWithStuartGary](https://www.instagram.com/spacetimewithstuartgary/) - Subscribe to our YouTube Channel: [Spacetime with Stuart Gary](https://www.youtube.com/channel/SpacetimeWithStuartGary) **Support the Show:** - Visit our Store for exclusive merchandise. - Become a Patron for early access to episodes and bonus content. - details on our website.
**About "Spacetime" Podcast:** "Spacetime" is a leading podcast exploring the latest in space exploration, astrophysics, and beyond. Hosted by Stuart Gary, each episode brings fascinating stories from the cosmos, insightful interviews, and updates on the latest space missions.
#astrophysics#china#cosmic#el#esa#exploration#gold#mapping#mars#mission#nasa#neutron#return#sample#space#spherex#stars#three#tianwin#universe
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Researchers ready NASA's SPHEREX space telescope for 2025 launch
NASA's SPHEREx space telescope has been tucked inside a custom-built chamber on and off for the past two months undergoing tests to prepare it for its two-year mission in space. SPHEREx, which stands for Spectro-Photometer for the History of the universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer, is set to launch into orbit around Earth no later than April 2025.
It will map the entire sky in infrared wavelengths of light, capturing not only images of hundreds of millions of stars and galaxies but spectra for these objects as well. Spectra are created by instruments that break apart light into a rainbow of wavelengths, revealing new details about a cosmic object's composition, distance, and more.
"It's a small telescope, but it gathers an enormous amount of light thanks to its very wide field of view," explains Stephen Padin, a research professor of physics at Caltech and member of the SPHEREx team. "This will be the first all-sky near-infrared spectroscopic survey."
To ready SPHEREx for its journey, scientists and engineers at Caltech and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), which is managed by Caltech for NASA, have been busy testing SPHEREx's detectors and optics in a basement lab at Caltech's Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics.
Because performing these tests requires simulating the extremely cold vacuum of space, the SPHEREx team enlisted colleagues at the Korean Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) to build a specialized chamber for this purpose. The SUV-sized chamber cools the telescope to about minus 350 degrees Fahrenheit (about minus 200 degrees Celsius).
"A series of measurements inside the chamber will test that the telescope is in focus and stays in focus through the shaking of launch," says Jamie Bock, the principal investigator of the mission, professor of physics at Caltech, and senior research scientist at JPL. "The chamber will later be used to characterize SPHEREx's spectrometer, which will capture detailed spectral information for every point on the sky."
Last year, the custom chamber was lowered into the basement of Cahill with the help of a 30-ton crane, as seen in a timelapse video. The telescope was then carefully prepared to be placed in the chamber, a process that included wrapping parts of the telescope in a foil material to block out stray light and to keep the telescope cool. A second timelapse video shows team members loading the telescope into the chamber.
To test whether the telescope is in focus, the team uses a collimator, basically a telescope operating in reverse, to shine an artificial star into the chamber and onto the detectors. The chamber was designed with a gold-coated sapphire window that allows the team to project the artificial star into the chamber while reflecting heat from the laboratory away from the chamber.
"The lab is glowing at infrared wavelengths," explains Phil Korngut, a scientific researcher at Caltech and instrument scientist for the SPHEREx team. "We need to keep that nasty thermal background light from getting into the telescope because it would totally swamp the detectors."
In between tests at Caltech, the telescope is being shipped to JPL, where a large mechanical shaker is mimicking the vibrations that SPHEREx will experience when it blasts off into space aboard a rocket. Once SPHEREx passes the tests at Caltech and JPL, it will be shipped to Ball Aerospace in Boulder, Colorado, for integration with the spacecraft starting in March 2024.
The mission's maps of the sky will showcase stars and galaxies throughout the universe in just over 100 different infrared wavelengths of light. Its images and spectral data will allow astronomers to trace the large-scale structure of the universe to answer fundamental questions about the first moments after the birth of our cosmos 13.8 billion years ago. SPHEREx will also help answer the mystery of how water arrived on Earth by studying the abundance of water and other ices in regions where stars and planetary systems are forming.
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"Our mission is complementary to others like JWST and the future Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope," says Chi Nguyen, a postdoctoral scholar research associate at Caltech and member of the SPHEREx team. "They look at objects in detail, whereas we map out the whole sky and look more at global features."
SPHEREx is managed by JPL for NASA's Astrophysics Division within the Science Mission Directorate in Washington, D.C. Ball Aerospace will supply the spacecraft. The science analysis of the SPHEREx data will be conducted by a team of scientists located at 10 institutions across the U.S. and in South Korea. Data will be processed and archived at IPAC at Caltech. The SPHEREx data set will be publicly available.
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The team wants to first send a mission called SphereX (not to be confused with NASA’s Earth-orbiting SPHEREx mission) to explore the lunar lava tubes and collect lunar regolith (loose rock and dirt). A team of robots would deploy from a nearby lander, hop or fly into the tubes, and then form a relay, transferring images and data back to the lander. SphereX could teach researchers about the lava tubes’ layout, temperature, and geological makeup, to guide the design process for what would be the first structure built on the moon.
“What we envision is taking one of the existing pits—just the opening into the lava tube—and installing an elevator shaft,” Thanga says. From there, the elevator shafts would function as the entry and exit to a series of 32 cryopreservation modules. These upright cylinders, stacked in 16 rows, would preserve the reproductive cells. Robots or astronauts would be able to check samples in petri dishes in and out, “like a library,” Thanga says.
The storage modules would need cryogenic coolers to maintain the cells at the right temperatures: –292 degrees Fahrenheit for reproductive cells, and –320 degrees Fahrenheit for stem cells. And they would require a spinning apparatus that uses centrifugal force to keep the freezers in motion and prevent the cells from clumping together and building up cold spots. “The setup would be similar to a carousel shelving unit with music CDs packed into a circle,” Thanga says.
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SphereX lansmanını kutluyor: Etkinliklerine özel Atlas Koleksiyonu NFT Airdropu sunuyor
ICYMI: https://www.haberidiyarbakir.com/spherex-lansmanini-kutluyor-etkinliklerine-ozel-atlas-koleksiyonu-nft-airdropu-sunuyor/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=tumblr
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Construction on NASA Mission to Map 450 Million Galaxies Is Under Way
Key components are coming together for NASA’s SPHEREx objective, an area telescope that will produce a map of deep space like none before. NASA’s SPHEREx area telescope is starting to look similar to it will when it shows up in Earth orbit and begins mapping the whole sky …Read More
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Construction on NASA Mission to Map 450 Million Galaxies Is Under Way
Key elements are coming together for NASA’s SPHEREx mission, a space telescope that will create a map of the universe like none before. NASA’s SPHEREx space telescope is beginning to look much like it will when it arrives in Earth orbit and starts mapping the entire sky. Short for Specto-Photometer for the History of the […]
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Researchers ready NASA’s SPHEREX space telescope for 2025 launch – The Lifestyle Insider
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La cámara de prueba para el nuevo creador de mapas cósmicos de la NASA hace una entrada espectacular
La cámara de prueba para el nuevo creador de mapas cósmicos de la NASA hace una entrada espectacular
Después de tres años de diseño y construcción, un viaje en bote de un mes a través del Océano Pacífico y un levantamiento de una grúa de 30 toneladas, la cámara de prueba personalizada para la próxima misión SPHEREx de la NASA finalmente llegó a su destino en el Centro de Astronomía y Astrofísica Cahill de Caltech en Pasadena.
Esta ilustración muestra una sección transversal de la próxima misión…
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NASA SPHEREx Mission: Finalized Plans for a Cutting-Edge Cosmic Mapmaker
The SPHEREx mission will have some similarities with the James Webb Space Telescope. But the two observatories will take dramatically different approaches to studying the sky.
NASA’s upcoming SPHEREx mission will be able to scan the entire sky every six months and create a map of the cosmos unlike any before. Scheduled to launch no later than April 2025, it will probe what happened within the first second after the big bang, how galaxies form and evolve, and the prevalence of molecules critical to the formation of life, like water, locked away as ice in our galaxy. Achieving these goals will require cutting-edge technology, and NASA has this month approved final plans for all the observatory’s components. ...
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تلسكوب سفيركس الذي تعتزم وكالة ناسا إطلاقه لاستكشاف تاريخ الكون منذ الانفجار العظيم (ناسا)
قالت وكالة الفضاء الأميركية (NASA) إنها تعتزم استكشاف تاريخ الكون منذ الانفجار العظيم، بواسطة تلسكوب “سفيركس” (SPHERE x) الفضائي التابع لها، والذي يقدر بحجم سيارة صغيرة، وفق بيان نشره موقع (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) التابع للوكالة المذكورة.
من المتوقع أن يساعد هذا التلسكوب، الذي سيطلق بين يونيو 2024 وأبريل 2025، في دراسة أصل الكون والّمجرات وأنظمة الكواكب التي تسكنه منذ ذلك الحين، وهو ما يساهم…
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Key elements are coming together for NASA’s SPHEREx mission, a space telescope that will create a map of the universe like none before. NASA’s SPHEREx...
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Test Chamber for NASA’s New Cosmic Mapmaker Makes Dramatic Entrance The SPHEREx mission will create a 3D map of the entire sky. Its cutting-edge instruments require a custom-built chamber to make sure they’ll be ready to operate in space. After three years of design and construction, a monthlong boat ride across the Pacific Ocean, and a lift from a 30-ton crane, the customized test chamber for NASA’s upcoming SPHEREx mission has finally reached its destination at Caltech’s Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics in Pasadena. Set to launch no earlier than June 2024, SPHEREx (short for Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer) will make a unique map of the cosmos that will contain hundreds of millions of objects, including stars, galaxies, star-forming regions, and other cosmic wonders. Unlike any previous map, it will provide images of individual objects, as well as a spectrum for every point in the sky. Spectra can contain a treasure trove of information about cosmic objects, including their chemical composition, age, and the distance to faraway galaxies. With this dynamic chart, scientists will be able to answer questions about what happened shortly after the big bang, the prevalence of life-sustaining molecules like water ice in our galaxy’s planet-forming regions, and how galaxies began and evolved over the universe’s lifetime. But for SPHEREx to make that possible, the telescope must be able not only to withstand the rigors of space but also to thrive there. That’s where the custom test chamber comes in. About the size of a small SUV and made of stainless steel, the cylindrical chamber was built by the Korean Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), a partner in the SPHEREx mission. It will be used to test SPHEREx’s detectors (essentially its cameras) and optics (the system that collects light from the cosmos). Cold Light Managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, SPHEREx will detect infrared light, which human eyes can’t detect. Sometimes called heat radiation, it is emitted by warm objects, including stars and galaxies, as well as the telescope’s instruments. So the chamber is designed to cool the detectors to about minus 350 degrees Fahrenheit (about minus 200 degrees Celsius) to make sure their own heat won’t overwhelm the light from the objects they’re built to observe. But first, the SPHEREx team needs to test whether the detectors are in focus. This is determined by their distance from the optics, similar to how moving a magnifying glass closer to or farther away from your eye brings objects into or out of focus. The team will have to get the distance between the detectors and the optics correct to within 0.0003 inches (7.5 micrometers), or about one-tenth the width of a human hair. To do this, they’ll point the optics and detectors at a projected source of infrared light located outside the chamber’s window, which is made of sapphire because glass blocks infrared. The source will serve as a stand-in for the objects that SPHEREx will observe in space, and the resulting image will tell engineers if the spacing is correct. “A number of factors can influence the focus position of our instrument as it gets down to its operating temperature,” said Phil Korngut, the SPHEREx instrument scientist and a researcher at Caltech. “It’s absolutely essential that we get this thing sharply into focus before we fly, and the only way to accomplish that is through specific cryogenic optical testing in the environment provided by the KASI chamber.” The chamber is also customized to calibrate the SPHEREx spectrometer, which will provide a spectrum of every point on the sky. Long Journey In 2018, KASI launched a mission called the Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer for Star formation history (NISS), which has similarities to SPHEREx. Working on NISS gave the KASI team the right experience to build the custom chamber. After traveling by ship from Korea to Long Beach, California, the chamber was transported north to Caltech. Too large to fit through the main entrance of its new home, it had to travel under the building: A 30-ton crane lifted off a removable section of an adjacent road and then lowered the test chamber, along with its components, into a high-ceilinged, windowless receiving room unofficially known as “the crypt.” The chamber was then wheeled into the SPHEREx test lab, where it will stay for about 18 months until the hardware tests are complete. “Not only the SPHEREx team at KASI, but the whole Korean astronomical community are very interested in the SPHEREx data and its science objectives,” said Woong-Soeb Jeong, the principal investigator for SPHEREx for KASI. “So KASI’s participation in the SPHEREx mission is expected to have a great impact on the research in our astronomical community. That heritage will be of great help in developing our own medium- or large-class space telescope in the future.” More About the Mission SPHEREx is managed by JPL for NASA’s Astrophysics Division within the Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The mission’s principal investigator, James Bock, has a joint position between Caltech and JPL. Ball Aerospace in Boulder, Colorado, will supply the spacecraft. The science analysis of the SPHEREx data will be conducted by a team of scientists located at 10 institutions across the U.S. and in South Korea. Data will be processed and archived at IPAC at Caltech. The SPHEREx dataset will be publicly available.
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New mission given the go-ahead to search for beginning of universe and possibly life
New mission given the go-ahead to search for beginning of universe and possibly life
NASA’s Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer or SPHEREx spacecraft is currently slated for a 2023 liftoff. It is hoped that SPHEREx will help astronomers how common the elements of life are throughout the universe. Image Credit: Caltech
A new space probedesigned to observe hundreds of millions of galaxies to gain a better grasp on how the…
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SphereX lansmanını kutluyor: Etkinliklerine özel Atlas Koleksiyonu NFT Airdropu sunuyor
https://www.haberidiyarbakir.com/spherex-lansmanini-kutluyor-etkinliklerine-ozel-atlas-koleksiyonu-nft-airdropu-sunuyor/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=tumblr
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NASA's SPHEREx missie gaat het heelal tot IN de oerknal in beeld brengen
NASA’s SPHEREx missie gaat het heelal tot IN de oerknal in beeld brengen
Impressie van SPHEREx. Credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech
Tsja, de ambities zijn reuzenhoog. Is het streven van de sterrenkundigen om met de Webb ruimtetelescoop de allereerste sterrenstelsels in het heelal te zien, die pakweg 300 miljoen jaar na de oerknal ontstonden, met NASA’s komende SPHEREx missie willen ze nóg verder gaan en wel het in beeld brengen van het heelal tot de eerste fractie van een…
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