While sugarcane has defined Caribbean islands since the onset of European settler colonization, a little-known African species, guinea grass, has invaded sugar plantations from within. Cultivated to intensify sugar production, guinea grass ironically became a weed of the plantations while providing material and spiritual resources to enslaved and marooned Africans and their descendants. [...]
While sugarcane was imported from Austronesia, guinea grass hails from the western coast of Africa. Sugar was the principal crop of many Caribbean plantations; guinea grass was imported as fodder for the oxen that labored in the fields and for the cattle that fed the planters. [...]. A 1707 account by Hans Sloane, whose collections would form the core of the British Museum, describes the grass (then known as “Scotch grass”) as widespread in Barbados and Jamaica [...].
The imported grass was celebrated by eighteenth- and nineteenth-century planters for its high grazing quality. Bryan Edwards sang its praises in Jamaica, writing that it may be considered as next to the sugar-cane, in point of importance; as most of the grazing and breeding farms or pens throughout the island were originally created, and are still supported, chiefly by means of this invaluable herbage. For Edwards, guinea grass had an almost equal status to sugar cane because it could feed “the plenty of horned cattle both for the butcher and planter.” [...] By 1786, the African grass had become naturalized in Guadeloupe, and, by 1813, it had reached Mississippi, writes Parsons. It spread widely throughout Central and South America [...].
Indeed, one observer in New Granada (modern-day Colombia) was so enthusiastic as to argue that whoever had introduced the plant deserved a statue “as high as New York’s Statue of Liberty” [...].
In Cuba, the grass appears in an 1816 report of José Antonio de la Ossa, the first director of the Botanical Garden of Havana, who wrote: “It is an abundant and convenient pasture grass, because it multiplies its stalks in the same way as Sugar cane[.]”
Like Sloane and Edwards, Ossa compares guinea grass to sugarcane. The two foreign grasses seemed to them similar in morphology and function, because they both [...] promoted the economic development of the islands’ cash crop societies. [...] While sugar was introduced to Cuba long before guinea grass, it was guinea grass that allowed for the intensification of Cuban sugar cultivation with large herds of oxen.
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Yet something strange happened in the history of this ostensibly symbiotic relationship.
Although guinea grass was meant to support the sugar economy by feeding its beasts of burden, ironically, it became a virulent weed to the sugarcane plants. By 1977, guinea grass was rated the number one weed to sugarcane in Cuba. In 2012, the journal of the National Botanical Garden of Cuba (Revista del Jardín Botánico Nacional) listed it as [...] an invasive species of greatest concern. In this way, the two imported grasses became stalky antagonists in the daily competition for light, water, and soil nutrients.
Their cultural meanings, however, had long since diverged. If sugarcane supported the economic interests of European planters, guinea grass was appropriated by enslaved and marooned Africans across the Caribbean for practical and religious purposes.
Diasporic Africans in the Virgin Islands used the dried grass to make masquerade costumes for Carnival and other festivals. In Cuba, priests used it to make omiero, [...] of the Afro-Cuban Reglá de Ochá religion.
Moreover, some of the enslaved canecutters used an ancestral West African technique to thatch their mud huts with guinea grass. [...] In fact, the famed maroon Esteban Montejo described using this method of thatching during his escape from a Cuban sugar plantation in the late nineteenth century: [...] I had never left the plantation before. I walked uphill, downhill, in every direction. [...] My feet were blistered and my hands were swollen and festering. I camped under a tree. I made myself a shelter of guinea grass in a few hours and I stayed there four or five days. [...]
Guinea grass has continued to take on new meanings for Caribbean writers in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. In Alejandro Aguilar’s 1997 short story “Landscape of Clay,” [...] [t]he untamed grass, like the cadets’ expressions of sexuality, subverts the rigid structure of the institution. Likewise, the storyteller in the 2002 play In the Time of the Revolution by the Guadeloupean writer Maryse Condé bemoans the fact that “people’s dreams are not made to grow freely like guinea grass on the banks and highways. Some people try to pull them up, to mow them down, to dry them out, to burn them and see them go up in smoke.” [...] In undermining the economic ambitions of the plantation system, guinea grass has come to represent acts of subversion [...].
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All text above by: Hannah Rachel Cole. “Plant of the Month: Guinea Grass.” JSTOR Daily. 1 December 2022. [Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me.]
Discovering the Ideal Time: The Best Season to Visit Guadeloupe Island
Guadeloupe Island, nestled in the heart of the Caribbean, beckons travelers with its lush landscapes, vibrant culture, and captivating history. Whether you're drawn to its pristine beaches, tropical rainforests, or colorful markets, choosing the right time to visit can greatly enhance your experience. In this guide, we'll explore the best season to visit Guadeloupe Island, considering factors such as weather, crowds, and seasonal attractions.
Seasons Overview:
Guadeloupe experiences a tropical climate characterized by warm temperatures year-round. The island has two primary seasons: the dry season (December to May) and the rainy season (June to November). Understanding the nuances of each season can help you plan a memorable trip.
Dry Season (December to May):
The dry season, spanning from December to May, is considered the peak tourist season in Guadeloupe. During this time, the weather is typically sunny and dry, with minimal rainfall and comfortable temperatures ranging from 75°F to 85°F (24°C to 29°C). These ideal conditions make it perfect for beach activities, water sports, and exploring outdoor attractions.
Highlights of the Dry Season:
Festivals and Events: The dry season coincides with several cultural festivals and events, including the Guadeloupe Carnival in January and the Terre de Blues Festival in May. These celebrations showcase the island's rich heritage through music, dance, and culinary delights.
Whale Watching: From January to March, humpback whales migrate to the waters surrounding Guadeloupe, offering visitors the opportunity to witness these majestic creatures up close on organized whale watching tours.
Diving and Snorkeling: The dry season provides excellent underwater visibility, making it an ideal time for diving and snorkeling adventures. Explore vibrant coral reefs, underwater caves, and a diverse array of marine life in the crystal-clear waters of Guadeloupe.
Rainy Season (June to November):
The rainy season, from June to November, is characterized by higher humidity levels and increased rainfall. While this period may deter some travelers, it also offers unique experiences and opportunities to explore Guadeloupe's natural beauty in a different light.
Highlights of the Rainy Season:
Lush Greenery: The rainy season brings renewed vitality to Guadeloupe's landscapes, with lush green vegetation and blooming flowers adorning the island. Nature enthusiasts will appreciate the opportunity to explore verdant rainforests, cascading waterfalls, and botanical gardens.
Waterfall Adventures: With the increase in rainfall, many of Guadeloupe's picturesque waterfalls reach their peak flow, creating stunning cascades surrounded by lush foliage. Hike through tropical trails to discover hidden gems such as the Carbet Falls or the Cascade aux Ecrevisses.
Lower Prices and Fewer Crowds: As the rainy season is considered the off-peak travel period, you may find lower accommodation rates and fewer crowds at popular attractions. Take advantage of this quieter time to immerse yourself in the local culture, savor authentic cuisine, and explore the island at your own pace.
Conclusion:
Choosing the best season to visit Guadeloupe Island depends on your preferences, interests, and tolerance for weather conditions. Whether you prefer the sunny skies and dry weather of the peak season or the lush landscapes and tranquility of the rainy season, Guadeloupe offers something special year-round. By understanding the unique characteristics of each season, you can plan a memorable and rewarding getaway to this Caribbean paradise.
These different type of genres comes from certain country such as Soca comes from all of the Lesser Antilles, steel pans come from Lesser Antilles and the greater and lesser Antilles are country such as Bahamas, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada and Trinidad and etc.
The Guadeloupe Carnival - Carnavaldeguadeloupe.com
The Guadeloupe Carnival – Carnavaldeguadeloupe.com
Carnavaldeguadeloupe.com – The Guadeloupe Carnival are organized by European settlers. It will be held on January – february 2021 in Capesterre-Belle-Eau.
Carnavaldeguadeloupe.com | The Guadeloupe Carnival
You just need to follow the steps to participate in European settlers. (The Guadeloupe Carnival).
Open your default internet browser.Type www.carnavaldeguadeloupe.com in your address…