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mayaluvzyou · 1 month

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Eddie Munson x Cheerleader!reader

Warnings: Swearing, abusive relationship, subtle mentions of sexual assault, angst, kinda slow burn, pining, drug usage, f!reader, eventual smut, use of Y/N.

w.c: 1.8k

A/N: IT'S FINALLY HERE!! I know that the song came out in the 90s, but I love it so much and the lyrics are just so fanfic worthy. Btw this takes place in 1989 purely because I want it to. Also, this will have multiple parts !!!

I know this is kinda rushed but we're going to pretend it's not ♥️

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Today was the day. You had put off breaking up with your shitty boyfriend, Jason, for weeks now. If you had been dating anyone else, you wouldn't have hesitated to speak up about the issue. But, this was Jason Carver you were talking about. The school's most popular douchebag.

Everyone was almost always jealous of you for being Jason's girlfriend. Practically the whole school of Hawkins High was drooling over him, so, naturally they'd envy you.

You walked towards the cafeteria in a more stiff manner than usual. Could anyone blame you? No way. You were about three and a half minutes away from being the center of a new wave of drama, therefore you had more than enough reasons to be scared.

Taking a breath deeper than it should've been, you strutted into the cafeteria with the most faux confidence known to man- or to you, at least. Though nobody could tell you were feigning aplomb, it felt like you wanted to run out of there and shrivel up somewhere quiet.

You didn't feel like eating, so, it wasn't a surprise when you sat down at your usual table with no tray or lunchbox. Nobody seemed to notice. Jason certainly didn't.

Mere seconds after sitting down next to him, he uncomfortably snaked an arm around your waist with a smirk. He always did this. It was nice the first few times, but it didn't take long to get weird. It definitely was not as nice anymore. The two of you always sat at the head of the table, having nobody else directly next to either of you. This constantly gave Jason advantages, advantages you didn't like at all. One time, he made an attempt at touching you from under the table that was far from indisputable. The worst part was that you couldn't say anything about it. That was unless you wanted to end up bruised again.

Shuddering at the horrid memory, Jason started to speak, his hand now rubbing your side a little.

"Hey, babe, I was thinking of hosting another party at my place. You in?" He questioned, that disgustingly familiar smirk still plastered on his face.

"I- uhm..." You stuttered, unsure of how to go about this without the whole table hearing and going into a fit of whispers. "Just- c'mere- for a moment.." The tone you spoke in was unintentionally soft. There was no way in hell you'd ever raise your voice at him.

Pulling Jason along with you, you walked back out to the lockers closest to the entryway of the cafeteria, making sure there were little to no students roaming the halls for fear of them overhearing. "Jason, I just... I've been thinking," you took a shaky breath.

"I don't really think that this is.. that this is working out." You had never averted your gaze quicker in your life.

"Wha-" he paused, letting out an amused chuckle. "What do you mean, baby?" His smile was very slowly fading. He knew what you meant. No doubt about it. He just wanted to truly hear it from you.

"I mean I think we should, y'know, leave it here." The way you avoided the words 'break' and 'up' was so undeniably obvious- to both you and him.

"You're saying we should break up? Is that it?" Jason's smile had fully gone away, now replaced with a nasty scowl that made your heart rate increase. "You're saying you wanna leave me for some other dickhead?" With a snarling tone, his words soon became more rhetorical than ever as he shoved you into a cold, metallic locker behind you.

You gasped and winced at the aggression, though it was far from something new. "Jason, please! This is exactly why I'm saying this!" You retored, tears stinging and bubbling in your eyes.

"You know I'm the best you've ever had- and don't try and lie to me like you won't be choking on some other guys dick tomorrow!" Jason snapped back, the words hitting you like a ton of bricks. You wouldn't consider yourself a prude, but sex wasn't a frequent thing for you. It was almost entirely his fault that you knew as much as you did about it.

"Jesus fucking Christ- this is your problem!" You snapped back at your now ex-boyfriend.

"You get all pissed off when things don't go your way and blame it on anyone else but yourself! Just.. Just fuck off!" That was it. The first and most likely last time you had ever bitten back at him.

His immediate change from anger to both shock and fury in expression was enough. You ran off down the hallway before he could say anything more, tears burning and blurring your vision as they streamed down your flushed cheeks in warm lines.

You dashed down the hallway in uneven and uncoordinated steps, quickly barging into the closest bathroom you could find.

The door squeaked a little as it opened and closed. You went directly into the nearest stall, locking yourself in there for god knows how long.

Sinking down against the wall of the cramped bathroom stall, the overwhelming wave of emotion got the best of you. Nothing could stop the fact that you were full on sobbing at this point with zero care if anyone heard you.

It'd been five minutes. Five minutes of wholeheartedly crying your eyes out. That was up until you heard a familiar squeak. The bathroom door.

Shit.

"Hey, uhh.. R'you alright?" They asked, the only thing unusual about it was the fact that it was clearly a male student speaking. A male student. Why would a guy be in the girls bathroom?

You scrambled to wipe your tears and silence your whimpers, but it was too late. Someone had obviously heard you.

"Sh-shit.. Yeah, m'fine.." You somehow managed to mumble out in a small voice, just barely above a whisper.

There was a moment of silence. It seemed like he realized something too, though neither of you thought to mentioned anything about it.

Your eyes fought to find a semipermanent spot to rest for the awkwardly quiet conversation. They eventually landed on the pair of scuffed, white, Reebok sneakers creeping towards the bathroom stall you'd secluded yourself in. The shoes stopped moving about a foot away from the door.

"Can I, y'know, come in?- Or open the door, I guess?" The unknown student questioned, his tone uncertain whether or not it was a normal thing to ask.

The more he spoke, the more you felt as if you knew this boy. Since you didn't recognize his voice right off the bat, it was evident that you two didn't know each other too well.

"Uhm... I guess so.." You answered, the same level of uncertainty in your voice. With that, the door opened slowly, the anticipation to find out who this mystery student was becoming worse. Lo and behold, the schools freak stood towering over your body that was currently shriveled up in the dirty corner.

There was a subtle sense of recognition in his confused gaze. Did he know you or something? Of course he knew you. Everyone did. You aren't exactly a secret after being a school's most popular cheerleader.

"y/n..?" The boy spoke again, more confusion flooding into his single word than before he'd unmasked you. Everyone in the school thought you were perfect, not a single flaw in your soul. So, imagine the surprise of seeing you, crumpled up like a discarded note in the corner of a bathroom stall. Not exactly ideal.

You couldn't say anything. There was nothing to say. The most you could do was peer up at him with red, glossy eyes and mascara stains all down your flushed cheeks, limbs uncomfortably scrunched together.

"There is- so much to unpack here," Eddie stumbled on his words, eyes searching around frantically to no specific destination. "Shit.." His mind was running a mile a minute to think of something- anything to say.

"What're you," he took a breath, eye narrowing. "What're you doin' in the guys bathroom..?"

Your eyes went wide. As if this wasn't already an atrociously awkward and embarrassing interaction, he had to go and ruin it even more. He was unmistakably horrible at comforting people.

"Fuck!" You gave up, too much was happening in too little time. You let your head drop into your knees with another sob of more emotions than you could comprehend, and Eddie couldn't do much but watch your entire breakdown, making things about a million times worse.

Suddenly, Eddie acted on impulse, dropping to his knees to make somewhat of an attempt at helping you.

"Hey, hey, hey, it's okay." His hands twitched with hesitancy, hovering above your shoulders. Should he touch you? Could he touch you? What even happened? Hundreds of thoughts flooded his mind as he stayed there, unable to do much but stare at the way you crumbled into a shaking mess of tears.

Throwing all caution into the wind, he placed his ringed hands on your shoulders and just kept them there, hoping that would do at least a little good in trying to calm you down.

"y/n, look at me." His tone was gentle. The care in his voice clashed with his intimidating appearance. A lot.

Inhaling a shaky breath, you looked up at him with puffy eyes and trembling lips.

"D'you wanna tell me what happened?" Your brain went haywire at the simple question, but you did the best you could at remaining physically (somewhat) calm.

Wiping your stinging tears with the sleeve of your cardigan, you nodded softly. "Just- please don't tell anyone. I don't need everyone in the school to be talking about me."

"Pinky swear." He stated genuinely, holding out his pinky finger to you. The child-like way of promise made you chuckle just a little bit.

You took a breath to recollect yourself before speaking.

"I broke up with Jason."

"Holy fuck."

"I know- I don't.." You sniffled, reddened eyes filling up with water for what felt like the millionth time in the past fifteen minutes. "I don't know what to do, because I know for a f-fact he's gonna start some stupid rumor about how we broke up."

"Like what?" Oblivious to how insensitive that may have sounded considering the current circumstances, Eddie couldn't help but wonder what kind of shitty things the blonde jock would conjure up as a way of dramatic retaliation.

That was a low blow, even for the school's freak. At least that's what you thought.

Looking up at him with wet eyes and a look of disappointment, he immediately took back his previous question, scooting backward to give you a little space.

"Right. Sorry.." Eddie muttered an apology awkwardly, nothing but the chatter of students leaving the cafeteria heard between the two of you.

It took Eddie a minute-- or six-- but, he managed to think of something that he thought would help lighten the mood of the saddened cheerleader before him.

"How about we skip next period? Have a little fun, yeah?"

××××××××××××××××

This is such a short fic but wtv

I hope it was kinda enjoyable anyway 🫶

#Spotify #eddie munson x reader #stranger things #nada surf #eddie munson x cheerleader!reader #fuck jason carver #eddie munson #eddie munson fanfic #eddie munson fluff

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ncteby · 1 year

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FAMILY & FRIENDS

₍ ᶻᶻᶻ [NCTEBY] is typing ... ₎

❱ http:˚♡TOTHEWORLD여기는EBY!˚ˑؘ :🫂: ·˚•org

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ʏᴇs [ √ ] ɴᴏ [ ]

ʟ ᴏ ᴀ ᴅ ᴇ ᴅ

꒰📂꒱ AN ALTERNATE NCT UNIVERSE ♡꙼̈࿐ ࿔

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➦ ADESIDA AMALA EUSBIA ●

➦ NCT & SUPERM MEMBER ○

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➦ P A S S W O R D : 04/09/2016

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➦ C O N T I N U E ?

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✧.*ೃ༄

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

⇢ ˗ˏˋ THE PARENTAL FAMILY FIGURES! ࿐ྂ︵↷ :

AKUNNA ADESIDA JR.

1. Born on July 4th, 1956

2. Relationship— Father

He is the patriarch of the family who overprotects those he loves. He spends his days hanging out with the younger children before going to his shift as a science teacher at a public high school and helping his former wife with the bills. Despite the back and forth in the love triangle between Gyeong-Hui, Akunna, and Himchan, she picked Akunna for a while until it all fell apart, and they are doing much better than before with co-parenting and getting remarried.

KIM GYEONG-HUI

1. Born on April 20th, 1959

2. Relationship— Mother

She is the family's matriarch and overprotective, who overprotects those she loves. She was a well-known former supermodel during the 90s and got discovered while working at McDonald’s after graduating high school. After retiring from modeling and working as a paternity child support officer, she used her degree in business and license in cosmetology to open up a hair salon. She is remarried.

KIM HIMCHAN

1. Born on April 18th, 1958

2. Relationship— Stepfather

He is the stepfather who had to step up to take over the family business after his father died and Gyeong-hui’s first love. He is remarried.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ EBY━🌻

⇢ ˗ˏˋ HER HALF SIBLINGS! ࿐ྂ︵↷ :

KIM BOMI

1. Born on November 3rd, 1986

2. Relationship— Half Sister

She is the first oldest sibling and the first sister of the Kim family. She is the queen of Kpop and is known to do a lot to be in charge of her career, such as producing, composing, choreographing, and writing songs. She is currently married with four kids. (She’s the BoA of the industry).

KIM HARU

1. Born on October 4th, 1987

2. Relationship— Half Brother

He is the second oldest sibling and the first brother of the Kim family. He is a BigBang member and a well-known all-rounder (he can produce, compose, sing, rap, choreograph, and write songs). He has three kids.

KIM MINA

1. Born on March 7th, 1989

2. Relationship— Half Sister

She is the third oldest sibling and the second sister of the Kim family. She is a Girls Generation member and a well known choreographer, producer, composer, and singer-songwriter.

KIM HANEUL

1. Born on November 14th, 1989

2. Relationship— Half Brother

He is the youngest sibling of everyone and the second brother of the Kim family. He is a member of SHINee and is a well known producer, singer-songwriter, choreographer, and composer.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ EBY━🌻

⇢ ˗ˏˋ HER SIBLINGS THROUGH AKUNNA! ࿐ྂ︵↷ :

KWALI ADESIDA

1. Born on September 4th, 1981

2. Relationship— Older Brother

He is the first sibling and the first brother of the Adesida family, and is currently a psychologist at a hospital. He is a sibling who is private from the world to protect his privacy. He has four children with his wife.

CHIOMA ADESIDA

1. Born on September 4th, 1981

2. Relationship— Older Sister

She is the second sibling and the first sister of the Adesida family. She’s the twin to Kwali and is currently a music and theater teacher like her father after retiring from the music industry. She has two kids with her husband. (She’s the Britney Spears in this AU).

BINYELUM ADESIDA

1. Born on January 1st, 1999

2. Relationship— Fraternal twin sister

She is the fourth sibling and the fourth sister who is a twin sister that came out of the womb after Eusbia. They had an extremely toxic relationship growing up because she felt like she was superior to Eusbia and constantly shoved it in her face (Eusbia was called the “ugly twin”). But as time passed, Eusbia grew up and overcame it, but they are working through the rough patch despite her stealing Rome away from Eusbia.

AKIN ADESIDA

1. Born on January 1st, 1999

2. Relationship— Fraternal triplet brother

He is the fifth sibling and the second brother of the Adesida family who is the child born after Abosede. After graduating college with a degree in sports management, he is currently a famous basketball player in the NBA, playing for the New York Knicks, and is one of the youngest players on the team.

SANI ADESIDA

1. Born on January 1st, 2001

2. Relationship— Little brother

He is the sixth sibling, and the third brother of the Adesida family. He is known to be mischievous and the funny brother. He graduated college and is planning to become a neurosurgeon.

DARAJA ADESIDA

1. Born on October 31st, 2004

2. Relationship— Little sister

She is the seventh sibling and the fifth sister, who everything is overprotective of. She was born when Eusbia was six years old and is very smart. She debuted in RIIZE.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ EBY━🌻

⇢ ˗ˏˋ HER BEST FRIENDS! ࿐ྂ︵↷ :

SORAYA “RAYA” WILLIAMS

1. Born on May 12th, 1999

2. Relationship— Best friend and sister all in one.

She is the female best friend whom she met in her Bronx days hanging out in the playground. She graduated in the class of 2022 with a degree in psychology to become a therapist.

BROOKLYN MARTIN

1. Born on March 16th, 1999

2. Relationship— Male best friend and brother all in one.

He is her male best friend, and they met at the local playground, just like how she met Raquel back in her Bronx days. He also graduated class of 2022 with a degree in Criminal Justice Law and will become a civil litigator.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ EBY━🌻

I’m so sorry these are late because I had to fix some personal things outside of here, but now that things are back in order, I can get into the swing of things.

2024 edit: I know constantly editing with no new posts is annoying, but inspiration struck me to change the best friend’s and sibling names.

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suatatan · 18 hours

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Quotes from the book Kato Lomb - Polyglot_ how I learn languages

Kato Lomb - Polyglot_ how I learn languages-TESL-EJ (2008)

One text that relates personal language-learning experi-ence is Dr. Kató Lomb’s Polyglot: How I Learn Languages (2008; Hungarian: Így tanulok nyelveket [1995, 4th ed.]). A collection of anecdotes and ref l ections on languages and lan-guage learning, it belongs to a select group of similar texts by polyglot linguists such as Bloomf i eld (Outline Guide for the Practical Study of Foreign Languages, 1942), Pei (How to Learn Languages and What Languages to Learn, 1973), Pimsleur (How to Learn a Foreign Language, 1980), and Stevick (Success with Foreign Languages, 1989)

*****

Because Lomb recognizes that the amount of time required to learn a language is considerable, she stresses a pragmatic approach, which in fact may help stimulate the motivation she sees as essential to language acquisition

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Despite her own high level of achievement, Lomb claims that she is not a perfectionist in language learning. “I like to say that we should study languages because languages are the only thing worth knowing even poorly,” she writes.

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“Solely in the world of languages is the amateur of value.

Well-intentioned sentences full of mistakes can still build bridges between people. Asking in broken Italian which train we are supposed to board at the Venice railway station is far from useless. Indeed, it is better to do that than to remain uncertain and silent and end up back in Budapest rather than in Milan.”

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nally, I would like to give thanks to a young writer, Mr. S. Pál, for his view that “T h e optimism of the writer is the most important point in the book. And we, the readers, from now on will have a more hopeful perspective and are more likely to over-come our original inhibitions and look upon learning a new language as a personal goal of high value, w

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“Enthusiasm is contagious,” wrote János Selye.

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h is new edition has strengthened my conviction that self-assurance, motivation, and a good method play a much more important role in language learning than the vague concept of innate ability, and that dealing with languages is not only an ef f ective and joyful means of developing human relationships,

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I was still regarded, and I re-garded myself, as a foreign language fl op

Örnek cümle

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Juventus ventus… (Youth is folly…

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Latin adage docendo discimus (we learn by teaching), treading

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If someone can devote an unlimited number of hours to language learning, a concentrated program can be followed; such programs are outside the scope of this book. If, on the other hand, someone can’t devote even 60–90 minutes a day to language learning, this book is not really for them either. In neither case do such students qualify as ALLs.

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pounced

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h e great advantage of the method is the opportunity to repeat the material frequently. And I must stress that repeti-tion is as an essential element of language learning as a knife is to a lathe or fuel is to an internal combustion engine.

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Repetitio est mater studiorum—“repetition is the mother of studies”—as our ancestors said.

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Oftentimes, the foreign language pat-terns are taught by endless repetition, in the form of several hours’ long drills every day, without revealing any theoretical connections. Th inking is a sin, which only hinders success.

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Yet you are not aware of it, and therefore cannot build on your knowledge in any intel-lectual way.

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It is not a mission of this book to speak about what TV programs mean for villagers and shut-ins. It cannot be denied, however, that TV doesn’t only draw young people away from reading in terms of time.

Images are easier to follow than letters;

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To understand your partner’s speech and to express your of great help. Th ese of course are the inventions employed by the audiovisual method.

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It is a bitter lesson but it has to be expressed once: the time spent on language learning is lost unless it reaches a certain—daily and weekly—concentration.

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Serious people tend to avoid generalizations, but one claim seems appropriate here: the ALL needs to study a minimum of 10–12 hours a week. If one cannot or doesn’t want to invest this much time, he or she should think twice about the enterprise.

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(An interesting question is if someone who invests, say, four times as much on learning will be able to acquire last-ing knowledge in a fourth of the time.) T h e 10–12 hours a week is, of course, an average. Still, let’s start from this average when we look at the language learning method of a working adult.

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Persistent attention—one of the preconditions of all suc-cessful learning—is assured.

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Whenever I am asked how I was able to succeed in many languages in a relatively short period of time, I always make a bow in spirit to the source of all knowledge: books. My advice to learners can thus be expressed in one word: read!

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Apart from a conversation with oneself, which I keep advocating so frequently (and which I named autologue be-cause neither monologue or dialogue covers the concept), there is one situation I fi nd suitable for conversation: a relative, friend, or acquaintance visiting you in your home country, who—out of gratitude for showing him around— will allow you to practice with him. What’s more, he might even warn you—possibly tactfully—of your mistakes

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What I would like to add to this well-known fact are only two points: fi rst, that you should dare to include reading in your learn-ing program at the very beginning, and second, that you should read actively. You need to meet linguistic phenomena frequently so that you can fi nd a way through a language’s twists and turns.

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at summer, my only thought was having a rest, playing ball, and swimming. Th erefore, I didn’t bring along anything to work with. At the last minute, I threw a Portuguese book into my baggage.

…in the open, by necessity, I resigned myself to the book, and in the prison of my solitude, formed by dolomite rocks on one side and vast forests on the other, between the sky and the wa-ter, I started to make the text out. At fi rst, it was dif f i cult. Th en I got the hang of it. I resolved I would still get to the bottom of it, without a mas-ter or a dictionary. To spur my instinct and cre-ativity, I imagined I would be hit by some great trouble were I not to understand it exactly, or maybe an unknown tyrant would even condemn me to death.

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at summer, my only thought was having a rest, playing ball, and swimming. Th erefore, I didn’t bring along anything to work with. At the last minute, I threw a Portuguese book into my baggage.

It was a strange game. Th e fi rst week, I sweated blood. Th e second, I intuited what it was about. Th e third week, I greeted the birds in Portuguese, who then chatted with me..

*****

at summer, my only thought was having a rest, playing ball, and swimming. Th erefore, I didn’t bring along anything to work with. At the last minute, I threw a Portuguese book into my baggage.

It was a strange game. Th e fi rst week, I sweated blood. Th e second, I intuited what it was about. Th e third week, I greeted the birds in Portuguese, who then chatted with me...

…I very much doubt if I could ever use it in my life or if I would be able to read any other Portuguese books. But it is not important. I did not regret this summer’s steeplechase.

*****

I mention the library only as a last resort. I recommend buying your own books for language learning. Th ey can be spiced with underlines, question marks, and exclamation points; they can be thumbed and dog-eared, plucked to their essential core, and annotated so that they become a mirror of yourself.

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What shall one write in the margins? Only the forms and phrases you have understood and fi gured out from the context.

Ignore what you can’t immediately understand. If a word is important, it will occur several times and explain itself anyway. Base your progress on the known, not the un-known. Th e more you read, the more phrases you will write in the margins. Th e relationship that develops between you and the knowledge you obtain will be much deeper than if you had consulted the dictionary automatically. Th e sense of achievement provides you with an emotional-af f ective charge: You have sprung open a lock; you have solved a little puzzle

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It is also a special danger in large groups that you will hear your fellow students’ bad pronunciation more than the teacher’s perfected speech.

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Th e traditional way of learning a language (cramming 20–30 words a day and digesting the grammar supplied by a teacher or a course book) may satisfy at most one’s sense of duty, but it can hardly serve as a source of joy. Nor will it likely be successful.

Man lernt Grammatik aus der Sprache, nicht Sprache aus der Grammatik (One learns grammar from language, not language from grammar)—this truth was stated at the end of the 19th century

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Language learning consists of internalizing such patterns

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h e precondition of internalizing them is to face the correct forms as much as possible until they become au-tomatic.

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h is is why I am such an enthusiastic fan of monologues in foreign languages. If I talk with myself, I am relieved that my partner will not be indignant at long hesitations, gram-matical agreements dif f i cult to manage, and vocabulary gaps completed in the mother tongue. All I suggest is that mono-logues be silent. Th is is to avoid learning bad pronunciation from yourself and to prevent passersby from thinking that your tongue has been loosened by some alcoho

*****

Returning to books, the question arises: what shall we read? Answer: A text that is of interest to you. Interesse ist stärker als Liebe—as they put it in German. (Interest[edness] is stronger than love.) And interest beats the fi ercest enemy: boredom.

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Speaking skill is developed most by reading today’s plays and colorful modern short stories and novels that have a good pace. “Situational elements,” as they call them, are built into the background of the story so they steal into your memory along with the background.

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ose venturing to learn a foreign language should be prepared to learn to understand not one but at least two forms of it: the written and the spoken. Th e ALL who has chosen my method will cope with the former more easily and the latter with more dif f i culty.

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culty.

Books have descriptive parts. In these, writers quote themselves and since they are good stylists by profession, they roll out nice, regularly formed sentences in front of you. Also, teachers are educators because they are supposed to speak in a clever and precise way. Unfortunately, all this has nothing—or not always has anything—to do with ac-tual situations in life.

*****

It is much more likely that the conversation will sound something like this:

“Hey, how ’bout getting a cup of joe around here?”

“Oh, slower please, I don’t understand. Getting what?”

“A cup of joe!”

“What is it? A cup of cof f ee?”

“Of course!”

“Sorry, I can’t, I have to go back to the…uh, what do you call it?”

“To the hotel? Well, see you!”

I admit that a course book cannot teach and an instruc-tor cannot recommend using the words “hey,” “oh,” “well,” “y’know,” “huh,” “kind of” and the like. However, they oc-cur much more frequently in everyday chats than well-bred “dictionary words.” So I return to my soapbox: until you naturally begin to acquire such words through usage, you can learn such colloquialisms from today’s prose in the most painless way.

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Conscientiousness is a nice virtue but at the beginning of language learning, it is more of a brake than an engine. It is not worth looking up every word in the dictionary. It is much more of a problem if the book becomes fl avorless in your hands due to interruptions than not learning if the inspector watches the murderer from behind a blackthorn or a hawthorn.

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If the word is important, it will come up again anyway and its meaning will become apparent from the context, as it is called. Th is kind of acquaintance, which needs some thinking, leaves a much more lasting mark than reaching for the dictionary automatically and acknowledging the mean-ing of the word absent-mindedly.

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It is proven by experience that initial dynamism is a good way to start reading in a foreign language, since a habit can be made of it like every other human activity. Th e main thing is to not get discouraged by the unfriendly medium of the foreign language text.

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Who hasn’t felt a mild shiver when throwing oneself into the cool waters of a lake? Who hasn’t desired to climb back to the sunlit sand? And who hasn’t been happy after a minute or two, after getting used to the cold of the water, for resisting the temptation? An interesting foreign language text should help the “swimmer” over the initial aversion and discouragement of reading

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To those who don’t dare to embark on original, un-abridged literary works immediately, I can recommend adapted texts with all my heart. Th e classics of world lit-erature have been rewritten, for language-learning purposes, into simpler sentences with a reduced vocabulary. Th ey are available in every bookstore, and they can be borrowed from libraries for free, but I don’t recommend the latter. Course books are for scrawling. When they have come apart by too much use, they can be bought again.

Language is present in a piece of work like the sea in a single drop. If you have the patience to turn the text up and down, inside out, break it into pieces and put it together again, shake it up and let it settle again, you can learn re-markably much from it.

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Lajos Kossuth,58 whose orations are given as models in 20th-century English rhetoric books, learned English in an Austrian prison. He used 16 lines of a Shakespeare play as a starting point. “I literally had to surmise English grammar from them. And once I had and perfectly understood the 16 lines, I knew enough English so that I only had to enrich my vocabulary.”

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making yourself understood

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Pronunciation is one of the most dif f i cult tasks of lan-guage learning and one of the most important touchstones of your language mastery. Although it isn’t worth very much without a fair knowledge of vocabulary and grammar, this is what your knowledge is judged by when you fi rst speak. It plays approximately the same role in representing your skills as looks do for women. A pretty woman will def i nitely be right at the moment she appears. Later on, she may turn out to be stupid, boring, or even malicious, but she has won the fi rst battle anyway.

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It is another delusion that in order to learn good pronun-that by diligently watching world champion fi gure skaters on TV you will manage to do the three-turn loop or the double axel jump on the ice rink the next day.

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I heaved a deep sigh of envy.

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You should fi ght forgetting with repetition. Th e pre-condition of repetition is that the phrases to be memorized should be commonly used by speakers of the language.

However, this cannot always be ensured even in the very center of a foreign-language environment, let alone thou-sands of miles away from it!

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It is even more important that you learn the correct in-tonation of words and sentences. You can ef f ectively ingrain them in your mind by recording radio and TV programs and playing them repeatedly. Th e eternal rule holds here as well: you should do this for a short time but with full inten-sity rather than sitting around beside the radio or the tape recorder with your thoughts wandering among yesterday’s experiences or tomorrow’s hopes.

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Videos can enrich our vo-cabulary and improve our sentence construction skills, but only if we watch them over and over. According to my own informal surveys, this is not typical of fans of videos

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Th e meaning of a sentence depends on what building blocks you move about on the chessboard of your thoughts.

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Surely all of you remember a situation when you had to start speaking a language you hadn’t used for years. Th e wheels of the mind creak with dif f i culty. You shake your head in anger: you knew the words but now you’ve forgot-ten them. Even the simplest words don’t come to you. When they fi nally do come to you, however, they are not from your guage you have studied. You are annoyed and surprised, and after 10–20 minutes the words and forms from the “right” language start to fall into place. Your partner wonders and you think to yourself with a silent rapture that you may still seem to be a language genius—although it was but the power of words recalling each other that pulled the context into place.

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Like most simultaneous in-terpreters, I usually work at such conferences with my eyes closed so that I exclude all visual impressions and can con-centrate entirely on the spoken

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Understanding high-level, written texts is easier. As you learn the vocabulary of everyday life, however, words be-come more and more context-specif i c. Th ere is nothing to do: you have to learn them. You can’t weave a fabric without thread.

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Probably all of my fellow ALLs have noticed that some words stick easier in the mind than others. Th is depends on subjective and objective factors. Th e subjective factor can be simply expressed like this: you memorize the word that you have a personal connection to. An expression, a number, a name, or an event will become more fi xed in your mind the more meaningful it is to you.

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T h at is why colloquial language is more dif f i cult than academic discourse. Th at is why it is easier to understand a technical text than to correctly ask for a glass of water.

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But woe to he who asks “what is the time” by translating the Hungarian expression.87 It is expressed in German as: How late is it? (Wie spät ist es?), in French: Which hour is it (Quelle heure est-il?), in Russian: Which hour? (Который час?—Kotoryy chas?), in English: What is the time?, in Swedish: How much is the clock? (Hur mycket är klockan?), in Hebrew: What is the hour? (Mah ha shaah?)

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You read a word or a rule but your mind only glides over it: it hasn’t become your own, it hasn’t become a tool that you can use as you please whenever you need it. You are lucky if you can passively recognize it the next time you see it.

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Let’s not be angry then with mistakes. Many a valu-able thing were born out of them—among other things, the French, Italian, and Spanish languages. All three developed from the vulgar (common) use of Latin.

Of course, we shouldn’t create new languages. But we can acquire the existing ones better by comparing the prop-erties of the starting (mother) language and the new lan-guage.

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WE ARE sometimes told, in connection with learning a foreign language, that we should think in the language. I’m not comfortable with that piece of advice.

How can you state what language you are thinking in? How and when can you penetrate into the exceedingly com-plex mechanism of brain activity?

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h e terror of “I don’t remember it” always hovers over you whenever you are speaking a foreign language. You won’t remember a term, however, as long as you keep galloping frightened around the mother-tongue term. (“Oh my God, what is it called…?”) With practice and discipline, you can reach a stage where you banish the mother-tongue expression from your mind and you fl ash upon an accompanying word in the for-eign language that you usually hear in conjunction with the fugitive term.

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If I have recommended learning words in bunches, it is for two purposes. First, you can be more certain that you aren’t wrong in interpreting a word because its relationships def i ne its meaning better. Second, you will have imprinted it in your memory in context, which will help you retrieve 89. Five-year plans were national economic development plans in the Whoever glances into the depth of the shoreless sea of vocabulary will be surprised at how many such embracing word pairs there are in the world. Learning them is a task of the fi rst rank, something that I wholeheartedly recommend to ALLs with an aversion to rote learning. For example:

An obstacle is overcome A duty is fulf i lled A news report is announced A role is played A standard of living is raised A demand is satisf i ed A message is delivered A condition is created A wall is built (or knocked down) etc.

T h e ALL who learns word pairs like these can count on the fact that when he or she is supposed to talk about a par-ticular topic, they will appear in the viewf i nder of his or her camera. Intelligible sentences can then be produced.

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Speaking a foreign language always means a compromise, Kosztolányi said

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If you are in especially bad shape and this method won’t help, you have a last resort: circumlocution. “How poetic “when you spoke about the humble little fl ower that is re-vealed by its scent from far away.” “I had to say that because I forgot the word for ‘violet’ in Italian,” she replied.

Synonyms, antonyms, and circumlocution are kind helpers when starting to speak a foreign language. Th ey have, however, enemies and pitfalls as well: false friends.

Th at is the name for words that appear identical or similar but mean something dif f erent.

Because they often entail common words, false friends are worthy of our attention. I have compiled a small group out of the many hundreds of examples. I have presented them the way others related them to me or the way I en-countered them myself.

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A one Señor Gonzalez wished to spend a weekend in London. He brought with him the addresses of many board-ing houses, yet he had to spend the night in a London park.

Why? Th e reason is that although there were signs saying “Vacancy” on the doors of most of the boarding houses, he confused the word with the Spanish word vacación, which means “vacation,” “shutdown,” or “cease of activity.” And so he only knocked on the doors where he didn’t see such a notice. He was unfortunately rejected at those places.

It was in Sevilla where Signore Rossi fared badly. Trusting in the similarities between Spanish and Italian, he asked for butter for breakfast by saying “burro.” After some delay, his hotel produced a beautifully harnessed donkey (what “bur-ro” means in Spanish). [I note in passing that a Hungarian wishing to ride a donkey from Capri to Anacapri can safely order a somaro because it is indeed called that there.90] False friends have caused even more serious trouble. A Frenchman submitted a demande (request) at a meeting.

However, a “demand” means more than a mere request in 90. Capri and Anacapri are townships on the Italian island of Capri. Th e of f ensive and immediately vetoed it.

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Titles, ranks, and school types are indicated dif f erently in dif f erent countries. A Hungarian akadémikus (academi-cian, member of the Academy of Sciences) doesn’t corre-spond to a German Akademiker because the latter only sig-nif i es that someone graduated from a university or college. Th is institution is called Hochschule only in German since “high school” refers to a secondary school in America—roughly like gimnázium in Hungarian. Gymnasium, on the other hand, means a sport facility in English and it comes from the Greek word gymnos (naked).

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First of all, I try to get my hands on a thick Azilian dic-tionary. Owing to my optimistic outlook I never buy small dictionaries; I go on the assumption that I would fathom them too quickly and then the money I invested in them would end up being wasted. If an Azilian-Hungarian dic-tionary happens not to be available, then I try to get hold of an Azilian-English, Azilian-Russian, etc., dictionary.

In the beginning, I use this dictionary as my textbook. I learn the rules of reading from it. Every language—and consequently every dictionary—contains a lot of interna-tional expressions. Th e bigger the dictionary, the more such expressions there are in it.

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I do not memorize the words; I just scan and study them as though they were some crossword puzzle to be solved. By the time I glean the rules of reading from the above-cited vocabularies, my dictionary will have revealed a lot of other things, too, about the Azilian language. I can see how it morphs the parts of speech into one another: how it nominalizes verbs, how it forms adjectives from nouns, and how it forms adverbs from adjectives.

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Following this fi rst assay, I buy a textbook and some works of Azilian literature, all together. Of the fi rst, I always buy one with answers provided for the questions in the ex-ercises, as I am an ALL: i.e., because of time constraints, I mostly have to teach myself.

I go through the lessons and do all the written exercises in sequence, as they come in the book. I write breezily, leav-ing ample room for corrections. Th en I look up the correct answers in the key and write them beside/above my own incorrect variations. In this way, I get a very visual represen-tation of “the history of my folly.”93 I scold myself for the errors made and then prompt-ly forgive myself. (T h is is very important; see the 10th Commandment below.) I always leave enough space in my notebook to be able to write fi ve –six correct words or sen-tences, similar to the ones I got wrong. Th is is very helpful in imprinting the correct formulas.

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reading Azilian plays or short stories. If I get lucky, there will be adapted texts available. If not, I just start on any literature published before 1950. (I can have trouble understanding the style of modern novels, even in Hungarian.) I always buy books in pairs: this increases the chance that at least one will be comprehensible.

I start on the comprehensible novel immediately. To go from incomprehension to half-understanding to complete understanding is an exciting and inspiring journey of dis-covery worthy of the spirit of a mature person. By the time I fi nish the journey, I part with the book feeling that this has been a prof i table and fun enterprise.

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At fi rst reading, I only write out words that I manage to understand, that is, words whose meaning I have been able to fi gure out from the context. Naturally, I do not write them out in isolation, but in the context they appeared. It is only after a second or third reading that I look up words unknown to me. Even then, I do not look up each and every one. With those that I record in my notebook, I include the context that was supplied by the book or by any contempo-rary dictionary worthy of the name.

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in-ternational events of the day in their main outlines. For this reason—even if the news items are selected according to the probable interests of Azilia’s inhabitants—they are usually listen to the news in some other, familiar language as well.

Th us I am given a key—almost a dictionary—to what I can expect, in advance. If an unknown word crops up along the way, I write it down. After the broadcast, I look it up im-mediately in my big dictionary. Th e reason for this is that at that time, immediately after the broadcast, the word still resounds in my ear with its entire context and if I misheard it (which happens many times), the context, still fresh in my memory, helps redress the error.

If I fi nd the word in the dictionary, a little self-congrat-ulation is in order again, and this makes learning a pleasant pastime instead of a burdensome task.

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Once a week, I tape the broadcast. I keep the recording for a while and play it back several times. On these occa-sions, I always concentrate on pronunciation. Alas, I must admit that based on the announcer’s native pronunciation, sometimes I have to reacquaint myself with words that I thought I already knew from books.

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At fi rst, I write free compositions because it’s easier. Often these are disjointed texts, made up of elements not connected with each other, just loose sentences that I use to hang new, just seen/just heard words and grammatical phrases on. From the teacher’s corrections I verify whether I grasped their meanings and functions properly. When I reach a higher level of knowledge, I begin to translate. At this stage, an already given text compels me to give up using well-practiced formulas and, under the pressure of translat-ing discipline, employ others that I am not so certain of.

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Uncorrected mistakes are very perilous! If one keeps re-peating wrong formulas, they take root in the mind and one will be inclined to accept them as authentic. Written trans-lations pinpoint one’s errors ruthlessly, while a listening ear might be prone to just glossing over them.

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We expect 50–60 phrases of a hotel receptionist, but then those have to be perfect; an ALL, however, must learn how to expand the framework and then fi ll it. A savvy French colleague once told me, “In conversation, say what you know; in translation, know what is required.”

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s on mastering Azilian might fi nd two things lacking in them. Any self-respecting language manual would now say something like “I make an ef f ort to familiarize myself with the history, geography, social, political, and economic con-ditions of Azilia as thoroughly as possible.”

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Th e ideal solution, of course, is to maintain active re-lationships with native speakers of one’s ilk and interests, with lots of shared activities—especially if these natives are willing to correct your mistakes, and if one is resolved not to get mad when they do.

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Always memorize idiomatic expressions in the fi rst per-son singular. For example, “I am only pulling your leg.” Or else: Il m’a posé un lapin—He stood me up.

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Do not let the fear of making mistakes keep you from speaking, but do ask your conversation partner to correct obliges you—a remote possibility, anyway.

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Be fi rmly convinced that you are a linguistic genius. If the facts demonstrate otherwise, heap blame on the pesky language you aim to master, on the dictionaries, or on this book, not on yourself.

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Do not postpone embarking on learning a new language—or restarting such a study—until the time of a prospective trip abroad. Rather, try to gain access to native speakers of your target language who are on a visit to your country and who do not speak your language. Th ey could be relatives or friends. If you accompany them and show them around, they will help you solidify your knowledge of their language out of gratitude; they will enrich your vocabulary and over-look the mistakes you make.

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Do not expect the same behavior from your compatri-ots. Do not practice on them because they will be prone to giving prime time to your errors—or at the very least, they will be inclined to employ meaningful facial gestures—to demonstrate how much better they are at it.

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In your browsing, do not get obsessed with words you don’t know or structures you don’t understand. Build com-prehension on what you already know. Do not automati-cally reach for the dictionary if you encounter a word or two that you don’t understand. If the expression is important, it will reappear and explain itself; if it is not so important, it is no big loss to gloss over it.

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Do not be deterred from speaking by the fear of making mistakes. Th e fl ow of speech creates a chain reaction: the context will lead you to the right track.

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Do not forget a large number of fi ller expressions and sentence-launching phrases. It is great when you can break the ice with a few formulas that are always on hand and can help you over the initial embarrassment of beginning a con-versation, such as “My French is kind of shaky” or “It’s been a while since I spoke Russian,” etc.

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Do not leave newly learned structures or expressions hanging in the air. Fix them in your memory by fi tting them into dif f erent, new settings: into your sphere of interest, into the reality of your own life.

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In this attempt, I have tried to keep in mind the adult who strives to gain a balanced, comprehensive knowledge of a language, rather than the acquisition of a specif i c skill. Th e ALL’s goal is not to understand the foreign language publi-cations in his or her fi eld or how to bargain for a sweater; it is most likely just how to speak the language normally.

Let’s look at the grades used in schools fi rst.

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First, a certain sedimentation does no harm to language ductors will practice a piece inside out nearly every minute. Th en they will put it aside and not touch it before the con-cert one or two weeks later. Th ey notice that it helps the per-formance. In language learning, the amount of a language learned while abroad will often not show up until well after arriving home.

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No one is “just” good at languages. Success in language learning is expressed by a simple equation:

Invested time + interestedness = result

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Yet, I believe that there is something to be put into the denominator on the left side of the primitive equation men-tioned at the beginning of the chapter: maybe I would sim-ply call it inhibition:

Invested time + motivation ______________________ = result inhibition Inhibition is shown when the fear of making mis-takes prevents you from speaking and also when you are consciously aware that you are transferring the structure of your mother tongue to the new language (or transferring the structure of a previously learned foreign language, which can play the role of the mother tongue at these times).

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How could anyone not like this kind scholar?

Mezzofanti once wrote in the notebook of one of his admirers that “Anyone who can comprehend, analyze, judge, and memorize the essence of languages can equal my achievement.”

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TO PREVENT depression, psychologists advise us to fi nd a hobby. Admitting bias, I believe that those who choose languages as their obsession never really feel depres-sion. In fact linguaphiles may achieve a spiritual balance if they can make a living of f of languages. G. B. Shaw says as much in Pygmalion: “Happy is the man who can make a liv-ing by his hobby!”

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According to linguists, languages have both separated and conjoined throughout history. A high mountain or a river with a swift current once posed an obstacle to commu-nication: two neighboring tribes would become separated and after a time could no longer understand one another.

Today, however, I believe that the integration process is un-stoppable. A voice can be received in a split second across an ocean. In the modern world, linguistic isolation is an anachronism.

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English plays the role of Esperanto in science and tech-nology. With its simple morphology and short words, it is very suitable for experts from around the world to use.

Sometimes I wonder what a native speaker of English thinks when he hears two colleagues from, say, Norway and Croatia happily using highly technical (but broken) English that he can hardly understand. “What is the most widespread lan-guage in the world?” I am often asked. “Broken English,” I tend to answer.

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I CANNOT thank those who patiently roamed with me in the realm of languages with more beautiful words than those of Cicero in “Pro Archia Poeta” (7.16):

…haec studia adulescentiam alunt, senectutem oblectant, res secundas ornant, adversis perfugium ac solacium praebent, delectant domi, non impe-diunt foris, pernoctant nobiscum, peregrinantur, rusticantur.

…this study nurtures our youth, delights our old age, brightens the good times, and provides a ref-uge and comfort in bad times; literature brings us pleasure at home, does not hamper us at work, and is the companion of our nights, our travels, our country retreats.

#language #polyglot

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thenostalgicfashionista · 2 years

Photo

Repost from my IG on January 24, 2022: It is a very sad day today. Manfred Thierry Mugler has left this Earth. But his genius and wonderful creations are eternal. Had to share this picture of him and Naomi Campbell, published in Elle US in 1989. She is wearing a F/W 89-90 Mugler piece that you can now see in museums (will also post some pictures from this awesome exhibition seen in Montreal years ago). Photo by Marc Hispard, gone as well, Really the end of an era.... Archived and edited by The Nostalgic Fashionista. #thierrymugler #manfredthierrymugler #naomicampbell #1989 #1990sfashion #sadnessandsorrow

#thierrymugler #manfredthierrymugler #Naomi Campbell #1989 #1990s fashion #marc hispard #ELLE #sadness and sorrow

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skyfire85 · 3 years

Text

-An AV-8B from VMA-163 takes-off from USS Makin Island (LHD-8). | Photo: National Museum of the U.S. Navy

Flightline: 70 - McDonnell Douglas/BAe AV-8B Harrier II

The AV-8A was operated by the USMC beginning in 1971, but the Marines quickly found that the Harrier was less powerful than hoped, only capable (with a standar takeoff, no less) of carrying a smaller payload than an A-4 over a shorter range. In 1973, a joint US/UK team began work on a project to develop a new Harrier, powered by a redesigned Pegasus 15 engine. This aircraft, dubbed the AV-16, would have double the AV-8A’s range and payload, and would replace the Harrier GR.1/3 in RAF service and the AV-8A and A-4 Skyhawk in USMC roles. The UK pulled out of the project in 1975, owing to rising costs and decreased defense spending, and the US, unwilling to foot the costs alone, canceled the program. McDonnell Douglas and Hawker Siddeley continued work on upgrading the Harrier, and in 1976 began modifying two AV-8As with new wings, revised intakes and nozzles, and other aerodynamic changes. These mules were designated YAV-8B.

-One of two AV-8As being modified into YAV-8Bs. | Photo: U.S. Navy Naval Aviation News

The results showed greater than expected drag, but positive test results in other areas, including payload, range, and V/STOL performance, led to the award of a development contract in 1979. In 1981 BAe (formed by the nationalization and merger of British Aircraft Corporation, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, Hawker Siddeley Dynamics and Scottish Aviation) rejoined the program in 1981, enticed by the more affordable path McDonnell Douglas was forging. The MoU stipulated a 60/40 split between the US and UK companies, with airframe production taking place at McDonnell Douglas’ facilities in suburban St. Louis, Missouri, and BAe’s Kingston and Dunsfold facilities, and engine production split 75/25 between Rolls-Royce (which had previously absorbed Bristol Siddeley) and P&W.

-Illustration: McDonnell Douglas

The AV-8B Harrier II was extensively redesigned from the AV-8A, with the forward fuselage extended and the cockpit raised by ten inches, providing better pilot visibility. To compensate for these changes, the rear fuselage was lengthened by a foot and a half, and a taller tail, based on that used on the Sea Harrier, was fitted. The biggest change was the new supercritical wing, which was larger than the one used on previous models (the outriggers on the AV-8B are in the same place as on the AV-8A/GR.1/3, giving a sense of scale), and had a higher aspect ratio and decreased sweep. The new wing also had leading edge extensions, all of which grants the Harrier II a 6,700lb increase in payload with a 1,000' takeoff roll. The AV-8B was the first combat aircraft to feature carbon fiber composites in its construction, with the wing and forward fuselage being almost exclusively carbon/epoxy construction, leading to the Harrier II being almost five hundred pounds lighter than if it had been constructed from metals alone.

-An AV-8B from VMA-331 in 1991 during Operation DESERT STORM. The squadron eventually dropped 256 tons of ordinance during the war and became the first attack squadron to operate from an amphibious assault ship. | Photo: U.S. Navy National Museum of Naval Aviation

The AV-8B completed operational evaluation (OPEVAL) in 1985, and entered service with the USMC starting with USMC squadron VMA-331 (“Bumblebees”). In 1990 Marine Harrier IIs were deployed to the Persian Gulf on the amphibious assault ships USS Nassau and Tarawa as part of Operation DESERT SHIELD, flying training and support sorties. Despite plans to hold the AV-8B in reserve during the initial phases of DESERT STORM, Harriers were pressed into service on 17 January in response to a call for close air support from an USMC OV-10 Bronco against Iraqi artillery positions. The next day, AV-8s began strike missions against Iraqi targets in southern Kuwait. During Operations DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM, 86 AV-8Bs amassed 3,380 flights and about 4,100 flight hours, with a mission availability rate of over 90 percent. Five AV-8Bs were lost to enemy surface-to-air missiles, and two USMC pilots were killed. After the end of the war, Norman Schwarzkopf included the AV-8 along with the F-117 and AH-64 in his list of weapons that played crucial roles in the campaign. Marine Harriers remained in the Gulf region during Operation SOUTHERN WATCH from 1992 to 2003, operating from ‘phibs in the Gulf and from forward operating bases such as Ali Al Salem Air Base, Kuwait. Marine Corps Harrier IIs were later flown during Operation ALLIED FORCE over Yugoslavia, ENDURING FREEDOM in Afghanistan, and the 2003 Iraq war.

-An AV-8B Harrier aircraft hovers above the flight deck of the amphibious assault ship USS Bataan (LHD 5) as the pilot makes a vertical landing. The Bataan was dubbed “Harrier Carrier” during Operation Iraqi Freedom. | Photo: Photographer’s Mate 3rd Class Jonathan Carmichael - USN

Two major variants of the AV-8B were produced: the Night Attack Harrier and the Harrier II Plus. First fielded in 1991, the Night Attack Harrier featured a FLIR camera on the nose cone, a wide-angle HUD, provisions for NVGs and a digital moving map. The Night Attack Harriers are powered by a Pegasus 11-61 (aka the F402-RR-408), which produce 23,000lbf of thrust. The Harrier II+ is also powered by the -408, and is fitted with a APG-65 multi-mode pulse-Doppler radar, taken from early model F/A-18s during their own upgrades to APG-73 radar. This allowed Harrier II+ to carry AIM-120 AMRAAM, as well as AGM-65 Maverick and AGM-84 Harpoon missiles, though the angle-rate bombing system was removed. Upgraded AV-8Bs are also capable of carrying a LITENING targeting pod, allowing the employment of PGMs.

-An AV-8B Night Attack Harrier, showing the FLIR camera mount on the nose. | Photo: Dick Wels

-An AV-8B Harrier II+ hovering. | Photo: D. Miller

The Italian Navy ordered two TAV-8B trainers, followed by a further order of 16 AV-8B+ to operated from the carriers Andrea Doria and Giuseppe Garibaldi. Italian Harriers were part of the nation’s commitment to the NATO campaign over Kosovo, dropping conventional and LGBs. An additional 7 aircraft were ordered in the early 200s to serve on the new carrier Cavour, with existing aircraft also upgraded to carry AIM-120s and JDAM guided bombs. Italy has ordered a force of 15 F-35B Lightning IIs to replace its Harriers.

-An Italian AV-8B+ launching from the carrier Cavour’s ski jump. | Photo: Aldo Bidini

Already an operator of AV-8A Matadors, the Spanish Navy was the first international operator of the AV-8B Harrier II, ordering 12 of its own variants, known as the VA-2 Matador II. The Matadors operated from Príncipe de Asturias beginning in 1989. In 1993, an additional eight VA-2+ (the equivalent of the AV-8B+) were ordered, along with a TAV-8B trainer. In 2000, Boeing (which had absorbed McDonnell Douglas) signed a contract to upgrade a number of early model VA-2s (the number varies from 2-11) to Harrier Plus standards, allowing them to carry AIM-120 missiles. Due to budget constraints, only five of the original Matador IIs were upgraded. The Matadors were part of Spain’s commitment to Operation DENY FLIGHT, enforcing the UN’s no-fly zone over Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the Asturias was decommissioned in 2013, the Matador IIs operate from the amphibious assault ship Juan Carlos I. Spain was interested in replacing the VA-2s with F-35Bs, but has instead settled on extending the Matador’s service life, citing the cost of replacements.

-A Matador II+ over RIAT in 2019. | Photo: Airwolfhound

The first RAF Harrier II, known as the GR.5, entered service in 1987, replacing earlier GR.1 and GR.3 variants. The GR.5 differed from the AV-8B in that it had stainless steel leading edges to meet RAF bird-strike requirements, as well as in avionics and weapons. The RAF’s GR.5s were considered too immature a system to be deployed for the 1991 Gulf War, though several were dispatched to patrol the no-fly zones in 1993. Beginning in 1990 BAe began testing an upgraded Harrier II GR.7, which was broadly similar to the Night Attack AV-8B. After a successful test program 34 GR.7 were delivered through 1991, with the existing GR.5s upgraded beginning the same year. The GR.7s, hastily modified with GPS navigation, were deployed with NATO forced to the former Yugoslavia, and carried out recon and strike missions, often dropping LGBs on targets designated by SEPECAT Jaguars. Later, GR.7s were part of the UK’s commitment to the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Beginning in the middle 2000s, BAe began development of the GR.9 upgrade, which would improve communications, ground proximity warning and navigation systems, followed by the integration of the AGM-65 Maverick air-to-ground missile. The GR.9 upgrade also included replacement of fatigued airframe components. GR.9s were deployed to Afghanistan in 2007, allowing aged GR.7s to be withdrawn. The stresses of war and advancing age of the fleet caused the wholesale retirement of the RAF’s Harrier IIs in 2011, with their tasks being assigned to Tornado GR.4s until delivery of the F-35B Lightning.

-A Royal Air Force Harrier GR.9 conducts a combat patrol over Afghanistan, equipped with a laser-designator pod and armed with Paveway guided bombs. | Photo: USAF

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thepastisalreadywritten · 3 years

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12 surprising facts about Queen Elizabeth II

How much do you know about the longest-reigning monarch in British history?

Born on 21 April 1926 in London, Princess Elizabeth became Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on 6 February 1952 following the death of her father, King George VI (1895–1952).

Known for her efforts to modernise the institution of monarchy – and for her love of corgis – Elizabeth celebrated her Diamond Jubilee in 2012.

Here, we bring you 12 surprising facts about Queen Elizabeth II.

1. Unlikely queen

Elizabeth was not expected to become queen.

The first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (who later became King George VI and Queen Elizabeth), Elizabeth stood third in line to the throne after her uncle, Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII), and her father, the Duke of York.

However, when Elizabeth’s uncle, Edward VIII, abdicated in 1936 in order to marry divorcee Wallis Simpson, Elizabeth’s father acceded to the throne and Elizabeth became first in line.

2. Cinderella

The teenage Princess Elizabeth performed alongside her younger sister, Princess Margaret, in a number of pantomimes during the Second World War.

Never-before-seen images emerged recently of a 15-year-old Elizabeth playing the part of Prince Florizel in Cinderella in 1941.

3. Wedding rations

Engaged to Philip Mountbatten (who was then created His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh) in 1946 (although the formal engagement was delayed until Elizabeth turned 21 in April 1947), the then-princess Elizabeth used ration coupons to buy the material for her wedding dress.

The pair wed on 20 November 1947.

According to the Independent, because of rationing, the couple’s wedding cake was made using “ingredients given as a wedding present by the Australian Girl Guides”.

The cake was baked by McVitie & Price.

4. A working mother

The Queen and her husband have four children: Prince Charles and Princess Anne, who were born before Elizabeth became queen, and Prince Andrew and Prince Edward.

When Elizabeth gave birth to Prince Andrew in 1960, she became the first reigning sovereign to have a child since 1857 when Queen Victoria celebrated the arrival of Princess Beatrice.

5. “Annus horribilis”

The year 1992 spelled disaster for the Queen:

A fire broke out in Windsor Castle, and the respective marriages of three of her children – Prince Charles, Prince Andrew and Princess Anne – broke down.

The Queen deemed this her “annus horribilis” (horrible year).

6. Staying in touch

The Queen has answered more than three-and-a-half million items of correspondence during her reign so far, and has sent more than 175,000 telegrams to centenarians in the UK and the Commonwealth.

She has also sent more than 540,000 telegrams to couples in the UK and the Commonwealth celebrating their diamond wedding anniversary.

The Queen has penned more than 45,000 Christmas cards during her reign and has given out upwards of 90,000 Christmas puddings to staff.

7. Strange gifts

The Queen has, during her reign, received a number of unusual gifts – some of them live animals.

According to The British Monarchy website, these include:

• two tortoises given to her during a tour of the Seychelles in 1972;

• a seven-year-old bull elephant called Jumbo, presented by the President of Cameroon in 1972 to mark the Queen’s Silver wedding anniversary; and

• two black beavers during a royal visit to Canada.

The animals were placed in the care of London Zoo.

Other curious gifts received by the Queen include:

• a pair of cowboy boots (during a visit to the US);

• sunglasses;

• pineapples and

• 7kg of prawns.

8. Pooch pals

The Queen has owned more than 30 corgis during her reign.

The first, Susan, was given to her as an 18th-birthday present in 1944.

It has been reported that Susan accompanied the Queen on her honeymoon – to Broadlands, Hampshire, and Birkhall on the Balmoral Estate – in 1947.

Many of the corgis since owned by the Queen were direct descendants from Susan.

Elizabeth’s love of dogs is similar to that of her great-great grandmother, Queen Victoria, who owned a number of German dachshunds and later in life Scottish collies, which she gave the name of Noble.

9. Ships ahoy

Elizabeth has launched 23 ships during her lifetime, the first being HMS Vanguard on 30 November 1944 in Clydebank, Scotland, when she was Princess Elizabeth.

The first ship Elizabeth launched as queen on 16 April 1953 was the Britannia, which was also from Clydebank.

Other ships launched by the Queen include Elizabeth 2 in 1967 and Queen Mary 2 in 2004.

10. Royal Assent

For a bill to become an act of law, it must first be passed by both the Houses of Lords and Commons, and then receive Royal Assent from the Queen.

Since 1952, the Queen has given royal assent to more than 3,500 acts of parliament.

11. Prime Ministers

The queen has, over the course of her reign, held regular evening meetings with 12 British prime ministers:

Winston Churchill (1951–55);

Sir Anthony Eden (1955–57);

Harold Macmillan (1957–63);

Sir Alec Douglas-Home (1963–64) and

Harold Wilson (1964–70 and 1974–76).

The Queen also met regularly with:

Edward Heath (1970–74);

James Callaghan (1976–79);

Margaret Thatcher (1979–90);

John Major (1990–97);

Tony Blair (1997–2007) and

Gordon Brown (2007–10).

The tradition continued with prime minister David Cameron (2010–2016) – the pair usually met on a Wednesday evening.

Tony Blair was the first prime minister to have been born during Elizabeth’s reign – in May 1953, just a month before the Queen’s coronation.

Interestingly, there have also been 14 US presidents during the queen’s reign:

Harry S Truman (1945–53);

Dwight D Eisenhower (1953–61);

John F Kennedy (1961–63);

Lyndon B Johnson (1963–69);

Richard Nixon (1969–74);

Gerald Ford (1974–77);

Jimmy Carter (1977–81);

Ronald Reagan (1981–89);

George H W Bush (1989–93);

Bill Clinton (1993–2001);

George W Bush (2001–09);

Barack Obama (2009–2017);

Donald Trump (2017–2020) and

Joe Biden (2020–present).

12. Record-holder

Elizabeth II is the 40th monarch since William the Conqueror obtained the Crown of England on Christmas Day 1066.

She is also the oldest monarch to have celebrated a Golden Jubilee (in 2002 at the age of 76) – the youngest was James VI and I, at the age of 51.

Elizabeth II was also the first British monarch to celebrate her Diamond Wedding Anniversary on 20 November 2007, and her Platinum Wedding Anniversary on 20 November 2017.

Only five other kings and queens in British history have reigned for 50 years or more.

They are:

Victoria, who reigned for 63 years;

George III (59 years);

Henry III (56 years);

Edward III (50 years) and

James VI and I (58 years).

#Queen Elizabeth II #Prince Philip #George VI #Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother #William the Conqueror #Queen Victoria #British Royal Family #Queen's corgis #British history #Susan the Corgi #Golden Jubilee #Diamond Jubilee

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fabioferreiraroc · 3 years

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Todos os filmes em que as cenas de sexo foram para valer

A Bula reuniu em uma lista todos os filmes da história do cinema nos quais os atores se envolvem em atos sexuais reais, não simulados. A diferença entre esses longas e a pornografia é que, embora possam ser considerados eróticos, a trama deles não é meramente pornográfica. Ao todo, a lista conta com 264 títulos.

A Bula reuniu em uma lista todos os filmes da história do cinema nos quais os atores se envolvem em atos sexuais reais, não simulados. Nos Estados Unidos, esse tipo de cena era proibido no cinema convencional, mas a partir dos Anos 1960 os cineastas começaram a ultrapassar os limites. A diferença entre esses longas e a pornografia é que, embora possam ser considerados eróticos, a trama deles não é meramente pornográfica. A maioria deles foi lançada nos anos 1970 e 80, com predominância de dois diretores: o espanhol Jesús Franco e o italiano Joe D’Amato. Por repetidas vezes, tamb��m aparecem os nomes de cineastas consagrados atualmente, como Lars von Trier, Gaspar Noé e Yorgos Lanthimos.

1 — Gift (1966), Knud Leif Thomsen

2 — They Call Us Misfits (1968), Stefan Jarl

3 — F*uck (1969), Andy Warhol

4 — 99 Mulheres (1969), Stefen Thrower

5 — Double Face (1969), Riccardo Freda

6 — Quiet Days in Clichy (1970), Jens Jørgen Thorsen

7 — Groupie Girl (1970), Drek Ford

8 — The Deviates (1970), Eduardo Cemano

9 — Bacchanale (1970), John Amero

10 — Kama Sutra ’71 (1970), Raj Devi

11 — Cry Uncle! (1971), John G. Avildsen

12 — Slaughter Hotel (1971), Fernando Di Leo

13 — Uma Lagartixa num Corpo de Mulher (1971), Lucio Fulci

14 — Luminous Procuress (1971), Steven F. Arnold

15 — Secret Rites (1971), Drek Ford

16 —A Clockwork Blue (1972), Eric Jeffrey Haims

17 — Pink Flamingos (1972), John Waters

18 — Who Killed the Prosecutor and Why? (1972), Giuseppe Vari

19 — La Verità Secondo Satana (1972), Ronato Polselli

20 — So Sweet, So Dead (1972), Rose et Val

21 — The Red Headed Corpse (1972), Renzo Russo

22 — Commuter Husbands (1972), Derek Ford

23 — Delirium (1972), Renato Polselli

24 — Christina, the Devil Nun (1972), Sergio Bergonzelli

25 — Danish Pastries (1973), Finn Karlsson

26 — Ingrid the Streetwalker (1973), Brunello Rondi

27 — Thriller – Um Filme Cruel (1973), Bo Arne Vibenius

28 — Revelations of a Psychiatrist on the World of Sexual Perversion (1973), Renato Polselli

29 — A Scream in the Streets (1973), Carl Monson

30 — The Devil In Miss Jones (1973), Gerard Damiano

31 — Fleshpot on 42nd Street (1973), Andy Milligan

32 — The Other Side of the Mirror (1973), Jess Franco

33 — Diary of a Nynphomaniac (1973), Jesús Franco

34 — A Virgem e os Mortos (1973), Jesús Franco

35 — O Reduto dos Monstros (1973), Vidal Raski

36 — The Devil’s Plaything (1973), Joseph W. Sarno

37 — Anita (1973), Torgny Wickman

38 — The Sex Thief (1973), Martin Campbell

39 — The Porn Brokers (1973), John Lindsay

40 — Emmanuelle (1974), Just Jaeckin

41 — The Eerie Midnight Horror Show (1974), Mario Gariazzo

42 — Zelda (1974), Alberto Cavallone

43 — I Tyrens Tegn (1974), Werner Hedman

44 — Score (1974), Radley Metzger

45 — Riot on a Women’s Prison (1974), Brunello Rondi

46 — The Girls of Kamare (1974), René Viénet

47 — La Bonzesse (1974), François Jouffa

48 — Sweet Movie (1974), Dušan Makavejev

49 — Fiossie (1974), Marie Forsa

50 — Contos Imorais (1974), Walerian Borowczyk

51 — Lorna: O Exorcista (1974), Jesús Franco

52 — Countess Perverse (1974), Jesús Franco

53 — Carnal Revenge (1974), Alfredo Rizzo

54 — Keep It Up, Jack! (1974), Derek Ford

55 — The Hot Girls (1974), John Lindsay

56 — Voodoo Sexy (1974), Osvaldo Civirani

57 — Nude for Satan (1974), Luigi Batzella

58 — In the Sign of the Gemini (1974), Werner Hadman

59 — Come To My Bedside (1975), John Hillbard

60 — The Image (1975), Radley Metzger

61 — Número Dois (1975), Jean-Luc Godard

62 — The Teenage Prostitution Racket (1975), Carlo Lizzani

63 — Emanuelle Nera (1975), Bitto Albertini

64 — Emanuelle’s Revenge (1975), Joe D’Amato

65 — Felicia (1975), Max Pécas

66 — But Who Raped Linda? (1975), Jesús Franco

67 — A Maldição da Vampira (1975), Jesús Franco

68 — Les Chatouilleuses (1975), Jesús Franco

69 — L’Éventreur de Notre-Dame (1975), Jesús Franco

70 — Justine e Juliette (1975), Mac Ahlberg

71 — The Bloodsucker Leads the Dance (1975), Alfredo Rizzo

72 — Lábios de Sangue (1975), Jean Rollin

73 — Rêves Pornos (1975), Max Pécas

74 — Wham! Bam! Thank You, Spaceman! (1975), William A. Levey

75 — Breaking Point (1975), Bo Arne Vibenius

76 — Rolls-Royce Baby (1975), Erwin C. Dietrich

77 — Girls Come First (1975), Joseph McGrath

78 — The Sexplorer (1975), Derek Ford

79 — Le Sexe qui Parle (1975), Claude Mulot

80 — Barbie Wire Dolls (1975), Jesús Franco

81 — Emanuelle em Bangkok (1975), Joe D’Amato

82 — Lust (1976), Max Pécas

83 — The Opening of Misty Beethoven (1976), Radley Metzger

84 — Alice in Wonderland: An X-Rated Musical Fantasy (1976), Bud Townsend

85 — Bedside Sailors (1976), John Hillbard

86 — In The Sign of the Lion (1976), Werner Hedman

87 — O Império dos Sentidos (1976), Nagisa Oshima

88 —Through the Looking Glasses (1976), Jonas Middleton

89 — A Real Young Girl (1976), Catherine Breillat

90 — Die Marquise von Sade (1976), Jesús Franco

91 — Girls in the Night Traffic (1976), Jesús Franco

92 — The French Governess (1976), Demofilo Fidani

93 — Inhibition (1976), Paolo Poetti

94 — Around the World in 80 Beds (1976), Jesús Franco

95 — Sex Express (1976), Derek Ford

96 — Keep It Up Downstairs (1976), Robert Young

97 — Secrets of a Superstud (1976), Morton L Lewis

98 — The Office Party (1976), David Grant

99 — The Angel and The Woman (1976), Gilles Carle

100 — Agent 69 in the Sign of Scorpio (1977), Werner Hedman

101 — Shining Sex (1977), Werner Hedman

102 — Fate la nanna coscine di pollo (1977), Amasi Damiani

103 — Blue Rita (1977), Jesús Franco

104 — Emanuelle na América (1977), Joe D’Amato

105 — Emanuelle Around the World (1977), Joe D’Amato

106 — Sister Emanuelle (1977), Giuseppe Vari

107 — Nazi Love Camp 27 (1977), Mario Caiano

108 — Under The Bed (1977), David Grant

109 — The Mark (1977), Ilias Mylonakos

110 — The Cerimony (1977), Omiros Efstratiadis

111 — Monsieur Sade (1977), Jacques Robin

112 — Caligula’s Hot Nights (1977), Roberto Bianchi

113 — Agent 69 Jensen in the Sign of Sagittarius (1978), Werner Hedman

114 — Behind Convent Walls (1978), Walerian Borowczyk

115 — Blue Movie (1978), Alberto Cavallone

116 — Sister of Ursula (1978), Enzo Milloni

117 — The Coming of Sin (1978), José Ramón Larraz

118 — Pleasure Shop on the Avenue (1978), Joe D’Amato

119 — You’re Driving Me Crazy (1978), David Grant

120 — Immoral Women (1979), Walerian Borowczyk

121 — Caligula (1979), Bob Guccione

122 — Images In a Convent (1979), Joe D’Amato

123 — Play Model (1979), Mario Gariazzo

124 — Giallo a Venezia (1979), Mario Landi

125 — Malabimba (1979), Andrea Bianchi

126 — A Prisão (1980), Oswaldo de Oliveira

127 — Beast in Space (1980), Alfonso Brescia

128 — Blow Job (1980), Alberto Cavallone

129 — La Gemella Erotica (1980), Alberto Cavallone

130 — Erotic Nights of the Living Dead (1980), Joe D’Amato

131 — Orgasmo Nero (1980), Joe D’Amato

132 — Flying Sex (1980), Joe D’Amato

133 — Libidomania (1980), Bruno Mattei

134 — When love is obscenity (1980), Roberto Polselli

135 — Hard Sensation (1980), Joe D’Amato

136 — Hotel Paradise (1980), Edoardo Mulargia

137 — Sex and Black Magic (1980), Joe D’Amato

138 — Porno Esotic Love (1980), Joe D’Amato

139 — The Porno Killers (1980), Roberto Mauri

140 — Sem Controle (1980), Paul Verhoeven

141 — Táxi para o Banheiro (1980), Frank Ripploh

142 — Os Frutos da Paixão (1981), Shuji Terayama

143 — Emmanuelle in Soho (1981), David Hughes

144 — Porno Holocaust (1981), Joe D’Amato

145 — Calígula: A História que Não Foi Contada (1982), Joe D’Amato

146 — Scandale (1982), George Mihalka

147 — Apocalipsis Sexual (1982), Carlos Aured

148 — Aphrodite (1982), Robert Fuest

149 — Il Nano Erotico (1982), Alberto Cavallone

150 — My Nights With Messalina (1982), Jaime J. Puig

151 — The Virgin for Caligula (1982), Jaime J. Puig

152 — Luz del Fuego (1982), David Neves

153 — Perdida em Sodoma (1982), Nilton Nascimento

154 — Killing of the Flesh (1983), Cesari Canevari

155 — Satan’s Baby Doll (1983), Mario Bianchi

156 — Taking Tiger Mountain (1983), Tom Huckabee

157 — Emmanuelle 4 (1984), Francis Leroi

158 — Lilian, The Perverted Virgin (1984), Jesús Franco

159 — Alcova (1985), Joe D’Amato

160 — James Joyce’s Women (1985), Michael Pearce

161 — Diabo no Corpo (1986), Marco Bellocchio

162 — Emmanuelle 5 (1987), Walerian Borowczyk

163 — Emmanuelle 6 (1988), Bruno Zincone

164 — Hotel St. Pauli (1988), Svend Wan

165 — Kindergarten (1989), Jorge Polaco

166 — Kinski Paganini (1989), Klaus Kinski

167 — Tokyo Decadence (1992), Ryu Murakami

168 — The Soft Kill (1994), Eli Cohen

169 — A Vida de Jesus (1997), Bruno Dumont

170 — Os Idiotas (1998), Lars von Trier

171 — O Tédio (1998), Cédric Kahn

172 — Fiona (1998), Amos Kollek

173 — Jesus is a Palestinian (1999), Lodewijk Crijns

174 — Romance (1999), Catherine Breillat

175 — Pola X (1999), Leos Carax

176 — The Man-Eater (1999), Aurelio Grimaldi

177 — Olhe por Mim (1999), Davide Ferrario

178 — Vampire Strangler (1999), William Hellfire

179 — Baise-moi (2000), Virginie Despentes

180 — Scrapbook (2000), Eric Stanze

181 — Intimacy (2001), Patrice Chéreau

182 — O Pornógrafo (2001), Bertrand Bonello

183 — Lucia e o Sexo (2001), Julio Medem

184 — Dias de Cão (2001), Ulrich Seidl

185 — O Centro do Mundo (2001), Wayne Wang

186 — La Novia de Lázaro (2002), Fernando Merinero

187 — Le loup de la côte Ouest (2002), Hugo Santiago

188 — Eternamente Sua (2002), Apichatpong Weerasethakul

189 — Coisas Secretas (2002), Jean-Claude Brisseau

190 — Ken Park (2002), Larry Clark

191 — Brown Bunny (2003), Vincent Gallo

192 — Faça Isto (2003), Tinto Brass

193 — Rossa Venezia (2003), Andreas Bethmann

194 — The Principles of Lust (2003), Penny Woolcock

195 — Anatomia do Inferno (2004), Catherine Breillat

196 — 9 Canções (2004), Michael Winterbottom

197 — Story of The Eye (2004), Georges Bataille

198 — Kärlekens språk (2004), Anders Lennberg

199 — Garotinho Bobo (2004), Lionel Baier

200 — All About Anna (2005), Jessica Nilsson

201 — 8mm 2 (2005), J. S. Cardone

202 — Beijando na Boca (2005), Joe Swanberg

203 — O Sabor da Melancia (2005), Tsai Ming-Liang

204 — Princesas (2005), Fernando Léon de Aranoa

205 — Deite Comigo (2005), Clement Virgo

206 — Destricted (2006), Gaspar Noé e outros

207 — Shortbus (2006), John Cameron Mitchell

208 — Taxidermia (2006), Gyorgy Pálfi

209 — Os Anjos Exterminadores (2006), Jean-Claude Brisseau

210 — Amour Fou (2007), Felicitas Korn

211 — Ex Drummer (2007), Koen Mortier

212 — Its Fine. Everything is Fine! (2007), David Brothers

213 — The Story of Richard O (2007), Damien Odoul

214 — Import Export (2007), Ulrich Seidl

215 — Serviço (2008), Brillante Mendoza

216 — Tropical Manila (2008), Sang-woo Lee

217 — Otto, ou Viva Gente Morta (2008), Bruce LaBruce

218 — À l’aventure (2008), Jean-Claude Brisseau

219 — Amateur Porn Star Killer 2 (2008), Shane Ryan

220 — Gutterballs (2008), Ryan Nicholson

221 — House of Flesh Mannequins (2009), Domiziano Cristopharo

222 — Anticristo (2009), Lars von Trier

223 — Viagem Alucinante (2009), Gaspar Noé

224 — The Band (2009), Anna Brownfield

225 — Canino (2009), Yorgos Lanthimos

226 — Angels With Dirty Wings (2009), Roland Reber

227 — Now & Later (2009), Philippe Diaz

228 — Bedways (2010), Rolf Peter Kahl

229 — Rio Sex Comedy (2010), Jonathan Nossiter

230 — The Bunny Game (2010), Adam Rehmeier

231 — Ano Bissexto (2010), Michael Rowe

232 — Gandu (2010), Qaushiq Mukherjee

233 — LelleBelle (2011), Mischa Kamp

234 — Desire (2011), Laurent Bouhnik

235 — O Amor é um Saco! (2011), Scud

236 — Caged (2011), Stephan Brenninkmeijer

237 — Léa (2011), Bruno Rolland

238 — The Wrong Ferrari (2011), Adam Green

239 — Clip (2011), Maja Milos

240 — Uma Estranha Amizade (2012), Sean S. Baker

241 — Paradise: Faith (2012), Ulrich Seidl

242 —And They Call It Summer (2012), Paolo Franchi

243 — I Want Your Love (2012), Travis Mathews

244 — Crônicas Sexuais de Uma Família Francesa (2012), Pascal Arnold

245 — Azul é a Cor Mais Quente (2013), Abdellatif Kechiche

246 — Ninfomaníaca (2013), Lars von Trier

247 — Pornopung (2013), Johan Kaos

248 — O Desconhecido do Lago (2013), Alain Guiraudie

249 — Zonas Úmidas (2013), David Wnendt

250 — Pasolini (2014), Abel Ferrara

251 — Diet of Sex (2014), Borja Brun

252 — Angry Painter (2015), Kyu-hwan Jeon

253 — Love (2015), Gaspar Noé

254 — Muito Amadas (2015), Nabil Ayouch

255 —Theo e Hugo (2016), Olivier Ducastel

256 — Tenemos la Carne (2016), Emiliano Rocha Minter

257 — Needle Boy (2016), Alexander Bak Sagmo

258 — Love Machine (2016), Pavel Ruminov

259 — A Noite (2016), Edgardo Castro

260 — A Thought of Ecstasy (2017), Rolf Peter Kahl

261 — Ana, Meu Amor (2017), Calin Peter Netzer

262 — Picture of Beauty (2017), Maxim Ford

263 — Marfa Girl 2 (2018), Larry Clark

264 — Mektoub, My Love: Intermezzo (2018), Abdellatif Kechiche

Todos os filmes em que as cenas de sexo foram para valer Publicado primeiro em https://www.revistabula.com

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ourladyofperpetualnaptime · 7 years

Photo

maison martin margiela f/w 1989-90

#maison martin margiela #martin margiela #margiela #irl people

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lanirabumolu · 3 years

Text

Atari 2600 games manuals

ATARI 2600 GAMES MANUALS >> DOWNLOAD LINK vk.cc/c7jKeU

ATARI 2600 GAMES MANUALS >> READ ONLINE bit.do/fSmfG

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newestcool · 2 years

Photo

Linda Spierrings & Tatjana Patitz for Azzedine Alaïa f/w 1989 rtw ''Le Touquet'' Photographer Peter Lindbergh Source

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donalddo-cxp306 · 3 years

Text

Is polarization a desirable effect to social media giants? Or they don’t care?

Source:https://www.wsj.com/articles/facebook-knows-it-encourages-division-top-executives-nixed-solutions-11590507499

Mark Zuckerberg and Jack Dorsey were criticise by senates about the fact-check labels their companies applied during the election. Conspiracy theories about the deep state controlling the social media and press have spread widely. Despite conspiracy theory cannot be fact-checked, it is understandable that why people doubt the gatekeeping ability of Facebook and Twitter.

youtube

Business model & Propaganda model

Propaganda model (Bennett et al.,1989) used to describe the audience question about media tycoon who has a relationship with a political party and doubt on its creditability. I believe the filers could also be applied to Facebook and Twitter cases. Facebook and Twitter employees have given $2.7million to Democrats in 2020 (Smith, 2020) and about 99% (Reiff, 2020) & 86% (Johnston, 2020) of revenue comes from ads for Facebook and Twitter.

These statistics had given valid support to poeple which make the “Logic” flows. The money flow and interest has given an explanation for deep-state taking control on social media.

Profit maximisation is the primary motive of all business especially to social media giants Facebook and Twitter listed in Nasdaq. This assumption is crucial to consider if political polarization and propaganda is a desirable on their platform. This framework is highly important in advance to investigate if social media platform could manipulate their algorithm to reduce the polarized gap between democrats and republicans.

Facebook and Twitter used their data to advertise products on the user’s timeline by the algorithm (Reiff, 2020). It applies that the volume and time spent on their platform are directly affect the probability of advertisement exposure and advertising revenue.

If no polarization, and too polarized?

A country without polarization is a place where most of the people support the government while there has only very limited extreme ideologist such as the case in the Philippines (Kenny, 2020). However, research indicates that extreme ideologists are very unlikely to talk politics online. Online political discussion would decrease as online political talk is often aimed at persuasion (Weeks et al., 2015).

In contrast, the situation in the US mentioned in the previous blog post, there is a trend of conservatives migration on social media from ‘traditional elite social media’ to ‘decentralized’ social media such as MeWe or conservative social media such as gab and Parler. The “Migration” makes online political persuasion not possible. The lost of social media users could lead to smaller data size and decrease in views of advertisements. In short conclusion, a pendulum without touching the apex seems to be the best scenario to maximise their profit.

Polarization at apex? Socially responsible algorithm?

A group of students suggest bridging opposing views on social media by recommending relevant content to certain users (Kiran et al., 2017) . However, this move would violate the idea of social media connection and research also indicates that viewing opposite may lead to further polarize effect (Bail et al., 2018).

Instead of bridging opposing people together, a group of Taiwan hackers suggests using an alternative algorithm on finding the common ground between partisan and create consensus but not division (Tang, 2019). This algorithm use hashtags to create trending on social media and collect support for new policies (Olivier, 2020).

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Reference

Bail, C. A., Argyle, L. P., Brown, T. W., Bumpus, J. P., Chen, H., Hunzaker, M., Lee, J., Mann, M., Merhout, F., & Volfovsky, A. (2018). Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(37), 9216–9221. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804840115

Bennett, J. R., Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (1989). Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. Contemporary Sociology, 18(6), 937. https://doi.org/10.2307/2074220 Facebook - Resources. (n.d.). Facebook. https://investor.fb.com/resources/default.aspx

Johnston, M. (2020, November 5). How Facebook Makes Money. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/120114/how-does-facebook-fb-make-money.asp

Kenny, P. D. (2020, August 18). Why Is There No Political Polarization in the Philippines? - Political Polarization in South and Southeast Asia: Old Divisions, New Dangers. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/2020/08/18/why-is-there-no-political-polarization-in-philippines-pub-82439

Garimella K, De Francisci Morales G, Gionis A, Mathioudakis M (2017) Reducing controversy by connecting opposing views. In: Proceedings of the Tenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. WSDM ’17. ACM, New York. pp 81–90 https://doi.org/10.1145/3018661.3018703

Olivier, J. (2020, September 22). Taiwan’s Digital Minister on the New Economy. Taiwan Business TOPICS. https://topics.amcham.com.tw/2020/09/taiwan-digital-minister-new-economy/

Reiff, N. (2020, November 6). How Twitter Makes Money: advertising comprises the bulk of revenue. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/120114/how-does-twitter-twtr-make-money.asp

Smith, J. (2020, October 16). 90% of Facebook and Twitter employee political donations is to Democrats. Mail Online. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8848313/90-Facebook-Twitter-employee-political-donations-Democrats.html

Tang, A. (2019, October 15). A Strong Democracy Is a Digital Democracy. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/15/opinion/taiwan-digital-democracy.html

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thenostalgicfashionista · 3 years

Photo

Young Karen Mulder modelling the Jean-Paul Gaultier’s F/W 1989-90 collection in 1989.

Photo credits unknown. Edited and archived by The Nostalgic Fashionista.

#thenostalgicfashionista #karen mulder #jean paul gaultier #1989 #80s

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scarlettbmle · 6 years

Text

Media Interview (17.04.18)

Reflection, on the preparation for and performance during the interview.

On April the 17th I took part in a media interview as part of my university coursework.

Over the past semester we have been studying the licensing act. We were instructed on a assignment brief which informed us we were going to be questioned on the four sections of the licensing act. This would be in the form of a media interview.

In preparation for my media interview, our class was given four scenarios based on the licensing act: prevention of public nuisance, public safety, prevention of crime and disorder and protection of children from harm. For each scenario we had to pretend to be the spokes person for an event organisation or venue whom is being interviewed by a TV news journalist who has discovered something precarious about my event or venue which I had to answer to.

Preparation for each scenario:

1. Timing (Prevention of public nuisance)

The headlining act at your show on Friday night went on stage at 10.45pm, more than 90 minutes later than advertised. This caused problems for the audience and the local neighbourhood, due to issues with noise and traffic disruption.

Questions:

Will you be compensating fans that missed their trains and had to pay for taxis to get home? Do you have a legal responsibility to refund fans?

I started by looking at previous cases where by artists had shown up late for gigs or shows and how the situation was handled. I looked at cases such as the Justin Bieber concert where he showed up later than advertised. From looking at cases such as this this, I learnt, and furthermore looked into, that legally as a promoter, I had no obligations to compensate for fans missing trains or buses or even compensating those whom had to leave early and missed the heading act.

In order to prepare for the two possible questions that were not given, I looked into the question to see what has not been asked and what could possibly come up. I looked at noise and disruption and what could have been held against me as a promoter if my show had caused noise and disruption to the surrounding neighbours. I looked at the environmental protection act of 1990 and explored what it said about noise and disruption.

2. Food Festival. (Public safety)

You are the organiser of a new food festival in High Wycombe and following your event a large number of visitors have been taken ill with serious food poisoning. You have yet to identify the source of the outbreak.

Questions:

Did you take any specific measures to ensure that all of your traders were following appropriate guidance on hygiene? What risks did you identify in advance of the event?

I looked at festivals such has Glastonbury whom have a large food trading at their events and looked at what they requested each trader to have to allow them to are at the event. I also looked legally into what the law says about hygiene at food festival events. The food standards agency told me that that each trader needed a up to date food safety certificate as well as measures that followed my food hygiene requirements. I looked at a case where there was mass food poising at a food events and people where left terminally unwell. In order to be prepared for the other possible questions looked into how I can compensate for people when the have been unwell by using the Newcastle Street Spice Festival in 2013 as an example.

When asking the risks I follow the five steps to risk assessments set out by the living act to identify what hazards could be found at a food festivals and how I can solve them. e.g keeping food at the right temperate etc.

3. Drug Dealing at Venue (Prevention of crime and disorder)

The residents whose homes overlook your venue have complained to the police that groups of youths are gathering behind your venue and they believe that drug deals and drug use is taking place. Syringes have been found in the car park during the daytime.

Questions:

Are you aware of a problem with drug dealing at your venue? Are you aware of any current legislation that covers the potential areas of concern

In regards to drug dealing in my venue focused on the bases that I was not aware of any dealing that happening inside the venue, but went on to state what I could do to help the problem such as tightening up on security, working with undercover police, sniffer dogs and putting in more cctv.

I looked into the misuse of drug act 1971 and how my door staff are protect to make a citizens arrest and how they can take drugs from customers with amnesty boxes etc. I researched into ensuring all my staff was under the SAG (safety adversory groups) an decided it was my responsibility to help stop the problem surrounding my venue. Cases such as the closure of fabric night club in London was a valuable source for my research.

4. Crisis Management. (Protection of children from harm)

You manage a major pop star and she made a statement from the stage at last night’s show where she stated that the current government were a “Bunch of F***ing W***ers”. That has angered many parents whose children were at the show and this has been picked up by the media who now want to question your artist about that statement.

Questions:

Has your artist apologised for the language that she used on stage? Do you have any concerns about your artist expressing views through social media sites?

I started by researching artists whom had made political statements on stage that have cause contravisory. I looked at the case of Stormzy at the Brit Awards who had made a political statement about the current priminster. I evaluated what I can do legally in regards to underaged people who had been exposed to adult language and adult themes and found the the children’s act of 1989 which explains parental responsibility over their children being exposed to adult themes.

Finally I looked at what responsibility I have over my wrist expressing her views over social media and looked at what damage it has done in the past where other influential people had done the same. I decided that my artist would have been initialled to freedom of speech however needed to be aware of her age demographic and whom her general audience is.

The day itself:

On the day I was given scenario one. I found myself being a little nervous and did feel the pressure on the day. I was slightly disappointed with my performance as I felt my nerves got the better of me however my research was sufficient so I feel that that help me up despite my slight uneasiness on the day. I had watched videos my lecturer had posted online of examples of interviews and how you should present yourself when stating your points, examples varied from Boris Johnson to professional spokespersons. This thoroughly helped me on the day.

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ericvick · 4 years

Photo

Recent home sales in Boston and Cambridge (June 3)

ALLSTON

41 Haskell St. #41 Condo, built in 1990, 1,900 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1.5 baths, on 1,900-square-foot lot. $760,000

90 Easton St. #3 Condo. $640,000

20 Glenville Ave. #1 Condo, built in 1910, 1,255 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 1,255-square-foot lot. $575,100

BACK BAY

175 Marlborough St. #2 Condo, built in 1850, 4,171 square feet, 7 rooms, 4 bedrooms, 3.5 baths, on 4,171-square-foot lot. $4,550,000

BEACON HILL

101 Revere St. One-family Row-Middle, built in 1890, 2,488 square feet, 12 rooms, 4 bedrooms, 3 baths, on 682-square-foot lot. $2,740,000

88 Mount Vernon St. #20 Condo, built in 1880, 599 square feet, 3 rooms, 1 bedroom, 1 bath, on 599-square-foot lot. $835,000

BOSTON DOWNTOWN

133 Seaport Blvd #1202 Condo. $1,765,000

170 Tremont St. #1701 Condo, built in 1989, 1,430 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 1,430-square-foot lot. $1,630,000

188 Brookline Ave. #23I Condo, built in 2018, 949 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths. $1,605,000

133 Seaport Blvd #717 Condo. $1,535,000

136-140R Shawmut Ave. #2F Condo, built in 2017, 1,109 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2.5 baths. $1,250,000

100 Lovejoy Wharf #8H Condo, built in 2017, 795 square feet, 3 rooms, 1 bedroom, 1 bath. $1,095,000

3531 Washington St. #304 Condo. $755,000

BRIGHTON

22 Orkney Road #31 Condo, built in 1915, 755 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 755-square-foot lot. $470,000

CAMBRIDGE

75-83 Cambridge Pkwy #E510 Condo Condo/Apt, built in 1989, 1,315 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths. $2,350,000

53 Ellery St. #1 Condo Family Flat, built in 1890, 1,270 square feet, 8 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 2.5 baths. $1,650,000

194 Erie St. One-family Conventional, built in 1873, 1,901 square feet, 8 rooms, 4 bedrooms, 2.5 baths, on 2,929-square-foot lot. $1,615,000

156 Thorndike St. #2 Condo. $1,525,000

114 Inman St. #1 Condo. $1,445,000

17 Roberts Road #B Condo Semi Detachd, built in 1900, 1,295 square feet, 7 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 3 baths. $1,355,000

214 Hurley St. #214 Condo Town House, built in 1986, 1,254 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2.5 baths. $1,060,000

6-10 Gardner Road #6 Condo Free-Standng, 1,119 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1.5 baths. $1,048,000

36 Upland Road #1 Condo Family Flat, built in 1916, 1,475 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1.5 baths. $1,035,000

57 Bristol St. #57 Condo Semi Detachd, built in 1886, 810 square feet, 6 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths. $910,000

53 Webster Ave. #1 Condo Two Story, built in 1854, 785 square feet, 6 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths. $848,000

116 Reed St. #1 Condo. $789,999

26-26A Plymouth St. #1 Condo Family Flat, built in 1903, 770 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath. $605,000

373 Broadway #5 Condo Condo/Apt, built in 1870, 540 square feet, 3 rooms, 1 bedroom, 1 bath. $565,000

CHARLESTOWN

82 Green St. One-family Colonial, built in 1885, 2,512 square feet, 8 rooms, 4 bedrooms, 3 baths, on 1,590-square-foot lot. $1,380,000

10 Cross St. One-family Colonial, built in 1885, 1,363 square feet, 7 rooms, 4 bedrooms, 1.5 baths, on 1,380-square-foot lot. $1,330,000

28 Harvard St. #1 Condo, built in 1900, 1,430 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths. $939,000

34 Mystic St. #1 Condo, built in 1860, 1,527 square feet, 5 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 2 baths. $899,000

13 Bartlett St. One-family Row-End, built in 1810, 707 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 937-square-foot lot. $896,000

5 Hancock St. #1 Condo, built in 1999, 935 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath. $632,000

42 8th St. #1314 Condo, built in 1899, 940 square feet, 4 rooms, 1 bedroom, 1.5 baths. $605,000

8 Allston St. #1 Condo, built in 1875, 696 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath. $575,000

403 Main St. #1 Condo, built in 1899, 1,025 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath. $495,000

18-20 Main St. #2 Condo, built in 1900, 480 square feet, 2 rooms, 1 bedroom, 1 bath. $460,000

DORCHESTER

85 Willow Court #502 Condo. $1,012,250

48 Juliette St. Three-family Decker, built in 1905, 3,357 square feet, 15 rooms, 6 bedrooms, 3 baths, on 4,155-square-foot lot. $1,010,500

125 Stoughton St. #6 Condo, built in 2017, 1,294 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths. $750,000

73 Dix St. #6 Condo. $740,000

2 Port Norfolk St. One-family Semi Detachd, built in 1987, 1,458 square feet, 7 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 1.5 baths, on 2,976-square-foot lot. $639,000

55 Coleman St. Three-family Row-Middle, built in 1890, 1,698 square feet, 7 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 3 baths, on 1,933-square-foot lot. $570,000

41-43 Port Norfolk St. #3 Condo, built in 1900, 1,065 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 1,065-square-foot lot. $524,500

27 Armandine St. #2 Condo. $499,000

77 Draper St. #1 Condo. $470,800

1906-1918 Dorchester Ave. #504 Condo, built in 2006, 910 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 910-square-foot lot. $460,000

668 Adams St. #2 Condo, built in 1925, 970 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 970-square-foot lot. $385,000

21 Oakhurst St. One-family Colonial, built in 1905, 1,607 square feet, 8 rooms, 4 bedrooms, 1.5 baths, on 3,250-square-foot lot. $350,000

EAST BOSTON

14 Murray Court #1 Condo. $719,000

39 Leyden St. #39 Condo, built in 2007, 1,393 square feet, 5 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 2.5 baths, on 1,903-square-foot lot. $655,000

412 Meridian St. #2 Condo, built in 2013, 1,110 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 1,110-square-foot lot. $595,000

46 W Eagle St. #3 Condo, built in 2013, 923 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 923-square-foot lot. $570,000

527 Bennington St. #1 Condo. $485,000

138 Trenton St. #2 Condo. $472,000

154 Lexington St. #3 Condo. $450,000

265 Lexington St. #3 Condo, built in 1899, 630 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 630-square-foot lot. $380,000

FENWAY

70 Fenway #42 Condo, built in 1920, 425 square feet, 3 rooms, 1 bedroom, 1 bath, on 425-square-foot lot. $439,000

HYDE PARK

73 Hamilton St. One-family Colonial, built in 1960, 2,152 square feet, 9 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 5,954-square-foot lot. $705,000

73 Prospect St. One-family Cape Cod, built in 1950, 1,235 square feet, 6 rooms, 4 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 7,452-square-foot lot. $585,000

156 Summit St. One-family Colonial, built in 1930, 1,248 square feet, 6 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 4,573-square-foot lot. $535,000

22 Pine St. One-family Colonial, built in 1876, 2,046 square feet, 9 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 5,799-square-foot lot. $445,000

25 Alpine St. #31 Condo, built in 1970, 858 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 858-square-foot lot. $290,000

JAMAICA PLAIN

15 Bancroft St. Two-family Conventional, built in 1915, 3,802 square feet, 13 rooms, 6 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 4,666-square-foot lot. $1,150,000

45 Burnett St. #209 Condo. $875,000

62-76 Cornwall St. #E Condo, built in 2000, 1,784 square feet, 3 rooms, 1 bedroom, 1.5 baths, on 1,784-square-foot lot. $825,000

991 Centre St. One-family Colonial, built in 1910, 1,918 square feet, 9 rooms, 4 bedrooms, 2.5 baths, on 23,610-square-foot lot. $825,000

14 Union Ave. #F Condo, built in 1905, 1,305 square feet, 6 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 1.5 baths, on 1,305-square-foot lot. $749,000

6 Craft Place #1 Condo, built in 1905, 1,308 square feet, 6 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 1,308-square-foot lot. $651,000

40 Rockview St. #1 Condo, built in 1905, 1,205 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1.5 baths, on 1,205-square-foot lot. $640,000

12 Clive St. #2 Condo, built in 1905, 960 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 960-square-foot lot. $625,000

67 Spring Park Ave. #2 Condo. $615,000

53 Wenham St. #2 Condo, built in 2015, 1,185 square feet, 6 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath. $541,000

MATTAPAN

666 Walk Hill St. Two-family Two Family, built in 1900, 2,586 square feet, 9 rooms, 6 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 5,123-square-foot lot. $470,000

1241-1251 Adams St. #310 Condo, built in 1900, 802 square feet, 4 rooms, 1 bedroom, 1 bath, on 802-square-foot lot. $419,900

ROSLINDALE

19 Harrison St. Two-family Conventional, built in 1909, 3,149 square feet, 13 rooms, 4 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 5,000-square-foot lot. $935,000

132 Orange St.. $850,000

392 Beech St. Three-family Conventional, built in 1935, 4,441 square feet, 15 rooms, 6 bedrooms, 3 baths, on 7,651-square-foot lot. $840,000

12 Amherst St. Two-family Two Family, built in 1920, 1,988 square feet, 10 rooms, 4 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 5,000-square-foot lot. $625,000

53 Bateman St. One-family Split Level, built in 1961, 979 square feet, 8 rooms, 4 bedrooms, 1.5 baths, on 6,544-square-foot lot. $565,000

49 Florence St. #3 Condo, built in 1905, 1,042 square feet, 5 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 1,042-square-foot lot. $505,000

50 Seymour St. #15 Condo, built in 1967, 890 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 890-square-foot lot. $291,500

ROXBURY

691 Massachusetts Ave. #207 Condo, built in 2010, 793 square feet, 4 rooms, 1 bedroom, 1 bath, on 793-square-foot lot. $650,000

183 Blue Hill Ave. Two-family Conventional, built in 1900, 2,294 square feet, 10 rooms, 4 bedrooms, 3 baths, on 2,351-square-foot lot. $640,000

SOUTH BOSTON

476 E 4th St. Three-family Row-Middle, built in 1915, 3,780 square feet, 18 rooms, 9 bedrooms, 3 baths, on 2,319-square-foot lot. $1,525,000

536 E 8th St. #3 Condo. $700,000

270 Bowen St. #2 Condo, built in 1890, 912 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 1.5 baths, on 912-square-foot lot. $685,000

108 P St. #1 Condo, built in 1902, 1,070 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 1,070-square-foot lot. $673,500

331 E St. #2 Condo, built in 1905, 751 square feet, 5 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 751-square-foot lot. $560,000

160 I St. #3 Condo, built in 1900, 613 square feet, 3 rooms, 1 bedroom, 1 bath, on 613-square-foot lot. $495,000

181 Bowen St. #3 Condo. $410,000

21 Wormwood St. #619 Condo, built in 1900, 1,089 square feet, on 1,089-square-foot lot. $865,000

SOUTH END

46 Union Park #4 Condo, built in 1899, 948 square feet, 5 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 948-square-foot lot. $1,250,000

221 W Canton St. #1 Condo, built in 1910, 1,010 square feet, 4 rooms, 2 bedrooms, 2 baths, on 1,010-square-foot lot. $950,000

66 Clarendon St. #3 Condo, built in 1890, 550 square feet, 3 rooms, 1 bedroom, 1 bath, on 550-square-foot lot. $660,000

WEST ROXBURY

89 Salman St. One-family Colonial, built in 1933, 1,714 square feet, 7 rooms, 4 bedrooms, 2.5 baths, on 5,099-square-foot lot. $670,000

1789 Centre St. #203 Condo. $649,000

34 Searle Road One-family Colonial, built in 1900, 1,152 square feet, 6 rooms, 3 bedrooms, 1 bath, on 8,250-square-foot lot. $150,000

These listings are provided by The Warren Group. Send all comments to [email protected]. Subscribe to the Globe’s free real estate newsletter — our weekly digest on buying, selling, and design — at pages.email.bostonglobe.com/AddressSignUp. Follow us on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter @globehomes.

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