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HINDI + MALAYALAM + TAMIL RESOURCES (GOOGLE DOC FOLDERS)

Hi guys!

As a Hindustani, Malayalee and Tamil girl, Hindi, Malayalam and Tamil are my native tongues. Even though, English is my first language, being fluent in writing, reading and speaking these languages is important to me. I do not want to have my mother tongues die. I want to pass on the beauty of these languages to my children and have them teach it to their own kids. 

I have found these PDFs online (credit goes to them) and compiled them in Google Doc folders. 

Disclaimer: I own none of this content.

Good luck!

Hindi Resources:

Learning Hindi - https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0B9QanVFHM0vGX0x4ZjB2Z0xJalk?usp=sharing

(This folder is not mine and was created by http://www.learning-hindi.com/ // Contact them at  [email protected] // Read me! https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_bSLz75Iwr4bgR6PUrP_rw2MoHYeWA5dxoFdDTOJZqA/edit

Learning Hindi 2 - https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0ByWUCmmbtYqxMTdMOFlTLXdFT2s?usp=sharing

(Resources I compiled on my own) 

Malayalam Resources:

Learning Malayalam 

- https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0ByWUCmmbtYqxVExkLXd3eTdoRlE?usp=sharing

(Resources I complied on my own)

Tamil Resources:

Learning Tamil

- https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/0ByWUCmmbtYqxTnJfS2tlYldfa3M?usp=sharing

(Resources I compiled on my own) 

#y'know one would have thought i had reblogged this or checked it out before but i don't think i ever did #despite having definitely seen it on currylangs #going to finally look into this thanks for making it #malayalam #resources

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Defying age with a sword: Meenakshi Gurrukkal, Kerala’s grand old Kalaripayattu dame 

“Meenakshi Gurukkal crouched low, sword poised; her eyes unblinking as she faced her opponent in the mud-paved ‘kalari’ or arena. From the tree tops, a mynah’s call resonated in the silence. In a flash she moved to attack, twirling her sword; metal clashing loudly as it made contact with a shield.

At 74, she is possibly the oldest woman exponent of Kalaripayattu, the ancient martial arts from Kerala. She has been practising Kalaripayattu for no less than sixty-eight years - training and teaching.

Around 150 students learn Kalaripayattu in her school Kadathanadan Kalari Sangam, in a tiny hamlet in Vadakara, near Calicut, Kerala. From June to September every year, classes are held thrice a day teaching the Northern style of Kalaripayattu, including “uzhichil” or massages for aches and pains. Techniques have been passed down through generations, written in a palm ‘booklet’, grey and delicate with age. When school term is over, Meenakshi takes part in performances. “Nowadays, apart from teaching, I practise only when I have a show,” she says nonchalantly. This, from someone who on an average performs in 60 shows a year…”

Keep reading at thenewsminute

[ Follow SuperheroesInColor on facebook / instagram / twitter / tumblr ]

#culture #i love

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Vadakkunnathan Temple, Thrissur, Kerala, India Vadakkunnathan Temple is an ancient Hindu temple dedicated to Shiva at city of Thrissur of Keral. This temple is a classic example of the architectural style of Kerala and has monumental towers on all four sides and also a kuttambalam. wikipedia (via Instagram: Mayur DC)

#places #kerala

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Panels Depicting Nagadevata Circa 20th Century. Kerala/Tamil Nadu. a) Wood 19.5 in (49.6 cm) high b) Wood 19.5 in (49.5 cm) high (Set of two)

Snakes or nagas have always been depicted in Hindu art and architecture as potent symbols. The hooded cobra is seen as a protector and guardian, and the snake is associated with Shiva and Vishnu in iconographic representation.

Capitals of columns, awnings and doorways to homes and temples were sometimes carved with images of snakes to serve as symbols of protection. The present lot has carvings of hooded snakes who seem imbued with an essential energy stemming from the artist’s carving skills. (via Saffronart.com)

#culture #hinduism

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hinduism + ladies –> br - devah

#culture #hinduism #need to look more into all of this #i said i would and i really haven't

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Synagogues of India (Calcutta/Kolkata, Mumbai, and Cochin). Photographs by Jono David.

Jews were once a prominent component of India’s population. The three main branches of Indian Jewry are the Maharashtrian (Bene Israel) Jews, Cochin Jews, and Baghdadi Jews. Bene Israel, who constitute the majority of Indian Jews, claim to be descendants of seven Jewish families from Judea who were shipwrecked near the village of Navgaon in western India around 175 B.C. They settled primarily in Mumbai, Calcutta, Old Delhi, and Ahmedabad. 

Cochin Jews, according to local tradition, are descendants of Jewish merchants who arrived on the Malabar coast of India with the ships of King Solomon’s fleet. After the Spanish Edict of Expulsion, Jewish refugees migrated to Cochin from Aleppo, Constantinople, and Palestine. Within the same timeframe, Jews escaping forced conversions in Persia and persecution in Baghdad also fled to Cochin. 

The waves of Jewish emigration from Baghdad started gaining momentum in the 19th century. Via intricate mercantile routes, communities of Baghdadi Jewish traders reached Calcutta, a port city in eastern India and the former nerve center of the British Empire. Although there was no shortage of rifts and conflicts between Baghdadi Jews and the local Bene Israel of Calcutta, the two groups merged their cultures together and gave rise to new sociocultural forms.

India gained its independence of Britain in 1947, and nationalism and emphasis on the Partition of Hindu and Muslim identities intensified. The following year, the state of Israel was established, and Indian Jews relocated to Katamon in Jerusalem, Beersheba, Ramla, Dimona, and Yeruham in dramatic numbers. In the 1940s, over 30,000 Jews were registered in India; in 1971, there were roughtly 5,825. 70,000 Indian Jews live in Israel today (the great majority of them Bene Israel).

#places #kerala #culture #the one in cochin is really pretty #i want to learn more about malayali jews tho

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കൈയിൽ

ഉടുപ്പയിൽ

പുസ്തകത്തിൽ

കട്ടിലയിൽ

വെള്ളത്തിൽ

And a bonus sentence, just for fun:

ഞാൻ എന്രെ വീടുയിൽ ഉണ്ട്.

Malayalam Lesson 11: The Locative Case

Previous Lesson

The locative case is used to indicate spatial and temporal meanings, so in it’s simplest form it can be compared to the prepositions “in”, “at”, and “on” and at a higher level it is used to express feelings, behaviours and ideologies. So as a beginner it will be difficult to grasp the full potential of this case because there are many aspects in a sentence to consider before interpreting it. For now, we’ll stick to understanding how to use this case in its simplest forms.

In order to turn nouns and pronouns into the locative form, we add ഇൽ. And just like the other suffixes, if the word ends with a consonant that’s not free (Chilaksharam are not really consonants and having a chandrakala doesn’t count as being not free. Review of lesson here) then there are two options: 

Either use the യ buffer, യിൽ but there are also words that have a free consonant that cannot take ഇ symbol because of the inherent vowel in a consonant for example മേശ (table), to say “on” the table you would say മേശയിൽ. 

Or use ത്തിൽ, this is for the words that end with ആം, for example, പാഠം (lesson) becomes പാഠത്തിൽ so in a sentence that would be ഇ പാഠത്തിൽ നമ്മൾ പഠിക്കാൻ പോകുന്നത്… In this lesson we are going to learn…

There is also അത് form, but it is not used as commonly because there aren’t many words who can take that case form. Example: മുറ്റത്ത് നിൽക്കുന്ന മുല്ല the jasmine in the garden/yard (lit trans: the jasmine standing in the yard) ദേശം country എന്റെ ദേശത്തിൽ In my country or എന്റെ ദേശത്ത് At my country 

The locative form is also used to expresses deeper thoughts or feelings when paired with pronouns so when you these pronouns you either sound poetic or dramatic:

എന്നിൽ നിങ്ങളിൽ (means among/amongst you, this is strictly plural form) നിന്നിൽ

Not as common, just because there aren’t many scenarios where you would use this version of the pronoun.

ഇവളിൽ ഇവനിൽ അവളിൽ അവനിൽ

Here are some examples of how you would use this case

ആ കസേരയിൽ ഇരിക്കുന്നത് ആരാണ്? Who is sitting on that chair?

വീട്ടിൽ പോയിട്ട്‌ ഞാൻ ഉറങ്ങാന്‍ പോവുകയാണ് I’m going to sleep when I get home. You can also literally translate this sentence as after going home I will sleep.

സ്വപ്നത്തിൽ ഞാൻ പറന്നു I flew in my dream

(drama example) എന്നിൽ അരിശമുണ്ട്! I have anger in me!

Here are some nouns for you to turn into locative forms കൈ ഉടുപ്പ് cloth പുസ്തകം  കട്ടിൽ bed (this is challenging but think about what consonant can replace ൽ and still have similar sound) വെള്ളം

Next Lesson

#marisa does malayalam #malayalam #resouces

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Kerala, India.

#kerala #places

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Bed of flowers - Thrissur Pooram Thiruvambadi Sri Krishna Temple, Thrissur, Kerala, India. A thick layer of flowers is seen on the road outside the Thiruvambady temple complex. This was shot at the end of “Purappadu” ceremony. (via Flickr: Rajesh Vijayarajan)

#places #kerala #culture

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നടക്കുന്നു

പാടുന്നു

വായിക്കുന്നു

കഴിക്കുന്നു

ചെയ്യുന്നു

ഉറങ്ങുന്നു

ഞാൻ നടക്കുന്നു

അവൾ നടക്കുന്നു

നീ വായിക്കുന്നു

ഞങ്ങൾ കഴിക്കുകയാണ്

അവൻ ചെയ്യുകയാണ്

കുട്ടി ഉറങ്ങുകയാണ്

എന്രെ

നിന്രെ

ഞങ്ങളുടെ

അവരുടെ

Also here’s a hot mess of a paragraph:

ഞാൻ സർവകലാശാലക്ക് പോയി. ഞാൻ തിന്നു. എന്രെ കൂടുകാർക്ക് ഞാൻ സംസാരിച്ചു. ഇപോൾ ഞാൻ എഴുതുന്നു. എന്രെ സുഹൃത്ത് ഇവിടെ ഉണ്ട്. അവൻ വായിക്കുന്നു.

Corrections welcome!! ^^

Malayalam Activity 2

We’re working on an important grammar post for next week, so meanwhile, here’s another (shorter) activity to refine your skills!

Turn these verbs into the simple present tense form:

നടക്കുക (to walk)

പാടുക (to sing)

വായിക്കുക (to read)

കഴിക്കുക (to eat)

ചെയ്യുക (to do)

ഉറങ്ങുക (to sleep)

Use present tense form to translate the following

I walk

She walks

You read

Use the present continuous tense form to translate the following

We are eating

He is doing

The child is sleeping

Fill in the blanks with the correct possessive pronouns

ഇത് _____ വീട് ആണ് (this is my house)

അവൻ ____ ചേട്ടൻ ആണ് (he is your brother)

_____ സ്കൂൾ പുതിയത് ആണ് (our school is new)

ഇത് _____ വണ്ടി ആണ് (this is their car)

And finally, try writing a paragraph using the grammar we’ve learnt so far.

You can submit it if you want to, and refer to our vocab lists and grammar. It doesn’t have to be complex or have difficult words, but try and use a variety of sentence structures. If you need a prompt or any help, don’t hesitate to ask us!

That’s all for this week, good luck!

#these are uncorrected #i don't think any of them are super dubious though #the paragraph is bad though #marisa does malayalam #malayalam #resources

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Malayalam lesson 10 - Numbers (അക്കങ്ങള്‍)

Previous Lesson

We thought we’d take a break from the activities and bring you numbers for this week!

Malayalam numbers are very similar to the ones in other Dravidian languages especially Tamil, there is a pattern to how these numbers are said/written it is multiplication! It may seem difficult at the beginning, but once you memorise the first 10 then it becomes easier in figuring out the rest. These are the first 10 cardinal numbers:

ഒന്ന് (onnu) - 1

രണ്ട് (randu) - 2

മൂന്ന് (muunnu) - 3

നാല് (naalu) - 4

അഞ്ച് (añchu) - 5

ആറ്(aaru) - 6

ഏഴ് (eezhu) - 7

എട്ട് (ettu) - 8

ഒൻപത് (onpattu) - 9

പത്ത് (patthu) - 10

Did you notice something towards the end? The number 9 is a combination of ഒന്ന് and പത്ത് (like Roman numerals!). This doesn’t continue with the rest of the numbers but it’s just something interesting we thought you should know and because nine is weird throughout ;p

Now in groups of ten, the cardinal numbers are:

ഇരുപത് (irupathu) - 20

മുപ്പത് (muppathu) - 30

നാല്പത് (naalpathu) - 40

അന്‍പത് (anpathu) - 50

അറുപത് (arupathu) - 60

എഴുപത് (ezhupathu) - 70

എണ്‍പത് (ennpathu) - 80

തൊണ്ണൂറ് (thonnuuru) - 90

നൂറ് (nuru) - 100

Like mentioned before the pattern for numbers after ten is based on multiplication, literally we are saying three tens or five tens. Now, what about the numbers in between?

You just combine them like 10+1 for 11 or 20+4 for 24, so there is a little addition too :)

പതിനൊന്ന് pathinonnu

പന്ത്രണ്ട്‌ panthrandu

പതിമൂന്ന് pathimuunnu

പതിനാല് pathinaalu

പതിനഞ്ച്‌ pathinañchu

പതിനാര്‍ pathinaaru

പതിനേഴ്‌ pathineezhu

പതിനെട്ട്‌ pathinettu

പത്തൊന്‍പത്‌ patthonpathu

Nines are tough and easy to get mixed up, so don’t be too hard on yourselves.

After memorising these numbers, the others shouldn’t be too difficult. We’ll introduce them to you in a future lesson!

Practice these and make sure you can pronounce them (don’t try following the transliteration too much, you might be saying things wrong), but if you forget the spellings you can always use Arabic numerals like English (even though there is a native set of numerals)!

Next Lesson

#i didn't do anything with these #but to be fair numbers are one of the few things i have down in malayalam #and that my dad actually vaguely taught to me as a child #marisa does malayalam #malayalam #resources

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ഞാൻ

അവൾ

ഇവർ

നമ്മൾ

നീ

അവർ

അവൾ

അവരുടെ

ഇവനെ (I didn’t realize these were only nominative case aaaaaa)

ഞങ്ങൾ

നമ്മൾ

ഞങ്ങൾക്ക് (should be അവർ, I’m just stupid)

എന്രെ പേര് … ആണ്. (Can you say this?)

???? (I saw the note about it though)

ഇത് എന്രെ അമ്മ ആണ്.

വെള്ളം ഉണ്ട്.

ഉണ്ട്

ആണ്

ഉണ്ട്

ഉണ്ട്

ആണ്

ആണ്

Malayalam Grammar Activity 1: Pronouns and State of Beings

Using the right Pronouns! These are sentences in english, but choose the best Malayalam pronouns you would replace the bolded words with: Review of pronouns

I am studying

He is not here (far away from you)

They don’t like bitter gourd (close to you)

We are all going out to eat

You are wrong

They (far from you) are against us

Next imagine a debate going on between two teams, fill in the blanks with the right pronouns based on the tone and meaning of sentences. Translation is provided as well. This is a little challenging but we believe in you guys!

(about girl from opposing team) ______ എന്താണ് പറയുന്നത്? What is she saying is?

(about opposing team) അത് ________ അഭിപ്രായമാണ് That is their opinion!

(team defending their own guy) _______ പറയുന്നത് കേൾക്ക്! Listen to him!

_________ നിങ്ങൾ ഓട് യോജിക്കുന്നില്ല We don’t agree with you (you guys)

_________ ഇത് ഇപ്പോൾ ചർച്ചചെയ്യണം! We need to discuss this now! (as in between the two teams, trying to be inclusive)

________ നിങ്ങൾ ഓട്  പറഞ്ഞത് ശരിയായിരുന്നില്ല What they said to us wasn’t right.

State of Being using ആണ് and ഉണ്ട്

For a refresher ആണ് means “is” this is mostly used to make descriptive statements and facts, such “my name is” or “This is yellow”

ഉണ്ട് is the equivalent of “have” but it’s also a state of being mostly used with emotions, things, and other intangible concepts. So statements such as “I have an apple” or “there is water in the bucket” or “I am getting angry” in malayalam you “have anger” vs in english you “are angry”

If things aren’t clear feel free to ask us questions.

Translate sentence using ആണ് and ഉണ്ട്

My name is _____

She is from Kerala

This is my mother

There is water

Fill in the blanks with the right state of being

അവിടെ ഒരു ചക്ക ____

ഞാൻ മലയാളീ _____

എന്റെ വീട്ടിൽ തെങ് _____

ഇവിടെ ഫോൺ _____

അവൾ ചിറകുക ______

കേരളം പച്ചപ്പുള്ള നാട് ______

#these are the answers i wrote before looking at corrections #so forgive the fact that they're a mess #i didn't want to just put the answers that wouldn't serve for much #marisa does malayalam #malayalam #resources

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Translations, corrections welcome ^-^

ഞാൻ ആപ്പിൾ തിന്നു.

എന്രെ സുഹൃത്ത് ഓടി.

നിന്രെ ചേച്ചി പുസ്തകം കൊടുത്തു.

അവൾ പാടുകയായിരുന്നു.

എന്രെ അമ്മ നടക്കുകയായിരുന്നു.

അവർ സംസാരിക്കുകയായിരുന്നു.

Malayalam Lesson 9 - Past tense

Previous Lesson

It feels like a long time since we covered critical grammar point, so today we are going to learn how to talk and write in past tense. The sentence structure is very much similar to present tense, so reviewing it helps a lot. There are two main ways to express past tense simple past and past continuous.

The first thing we’ll cover is Simple Past tense, which is using conjugated verbs in a sentence, so learning how to conjugate verbs into past tense is important. There isn’t a pattern necessarily but rest assured there are only two main ending: ഇ and ഉ (the symbols of course because vowels cannot be used in the middle or at the end), the rest depends upon the flow the original word and what consonant it ends with.

Here are some common verbs, you’ll recognize them from previous lessons. How do you know which ending to use? For now, you’ll have to memorize it but soon you’ll be able to tell if something just “sounds right”

പോവുക (to go) - പോയി (went, gone, left) പാടുക (to sing) - പാടി  (sang) ഓടുക (to run) - ഓടി (ran) എഴുതുക (write) - എഴുതി (wrote) വാങ്ങുക (buy) - വാങ്ങി (bought) കിട്ടുക (get/receive)- കിട്ടി (got/received)

കിടക്കും (lie) - കിടന്നു (laid, lay) ഇരിക്കുക (sit) - ഇരുന്നു (sat) വരുക (come) - വന്നു (came) നടക്കുക (walk) - നടന്നു (walked) പറയുക (say) - പറഞ്ഞു (said) കുടിക്കുക (drink) - കുടിച്ചു (drank, drunk) സംസാരിക്കുക (speak/talk) - സംസാരിച്ചു (spoke/talked) ചെയ്യുക (do) - ചെയതു (done) കേൾക്കുക (listen) - കേട്ടു (listened) കൊടുക്കുക (give) - കൊടുത്തു (gave)

Next is the equivalent of Past Continuous in English. The word to use and add to the verbs is ആയിരുന്നു (was), the past tense of ആണ് (is) (lesson 2 & lesson 3).

In this case the verbs are left in their infinitive form and ആയിരുന്നു is added to it, you can write them separately especially as a beginner but the common way to write it is to combine both

Infinitive + ആയിരുന്നു

പോവുക + ആയിരുന്നു = പോവുകയായിരുന്നു (combo form)

As mentioned before യ is like a glue and it helps smooth everything out in writing and speaking.

ഞാൻ നടക്കുകയായിരുന്നു - I was walking അവർ വരുകയായിരുന്നു - They were coming

Try translating these: Simple Past I ate an apple. My friend ran. Your sister gave the book.

Past Continuous He was singing My mother was walking They were talking

PSA From next week onward we’ll begin an exercise or activity series, in which we’ll review all the grammar points learned so far. Please look forward to it!

Next Lesson

#i put tinnu because i couldn't find the past tense for karikkuka #forgive my awful romanization #but yeah if anyone knows what the past tense for it is please tell me!! #marisa does malayalam #malayalam #resources

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Practice food sentences:

ഞാൻ പയര് കഴിക്കുന്നു.

അച്ഛൻ മത്തികൾ കഴികുന്നു.

അമ്മ കമ്പിളിനാരങ്ങ കഴിക്കുന്നു.

Malayalam Vocabulary List 3

Food: Fruits, Vegetables, and Meats (can’t be a Malayalee and not love our beef) Sticking with last week’s theme of food, we’ll be covering the most common and popular fruits, vegetables, and meats of Kerala. Some of these you’ll be hearing for the first time and probably never seen them either but we urge you to try them when you get a chance, they’re all delicious!

Fruit/Fruits: പഴം or പഴങ്ങൾ payam or payangal Banana - വാഴപ്പഴം or പഴം, because banana is such a staple in Kerala and there are like 50 different kinds of them we generally refer to banana as പഴം vayapayam Plantain ഏത്തപ്പഴം or ഏത്തക്ക or നേന്ത്രപ്പഴം (it varies depending on what region you’re from) yettapayam or yetthakka or nenthrapayam Jackfruit (important fruit, state fruit) - ചക്ക chakka Mango - മാങ്ങ manga (what would the world do without kerala?) Guava - പേരയ്‌ക്ക perakka Jambu or Bell Fruit ചാമ്പങ്ങ chambanga Gooseberry - നെല്ലിക്ക nelikka Dates ഈന്തപ്പഴം intha payanam Pineapple കൈതച്ചക്ക kaithachakka Melon മത്തങ്ങ mathanga Papaya ഓമക്കാ omakka Watermelon തണ്ണിമത്തന്‍ (tamil origin thus തണ്ണി and not വെള്ളം) thanimathan Grapefruit കമ്പിളിനാരങ്ങ (lit trans: blanket citrus/lemon) kambllinarnga Lemon നാരങ്ങ narnga Grapes മുന്തിരി munthari Pomegranate: മാതളനാരങ്ങ mathallanarnga

Coconut: തേങ്ങ thenga We feel uncomfortable categorizing this lol cause it’s another one of those staples and is used in everything we make! Kerala is called the “land of coconuts” for a reason, also Kerala or as we Malayalees refer to it as Keralam കേരളം literally means that, because another word for coconut/coconut tree is കേരം

Vegetables - പച്ചക്കറി or പച്ചക്കറികൾ (lit trans greens, both are plural) pachakari/pachakarikal Tapioca - കപ്പ kappa Yam - ചെന്ന chena Taro - ചേമ്പ് chembu Ladies fingers lol or for the Americas Okra - വെണ്ടക്ക vendakka Eggplant - വഴുതനങ്ങ vazhuthananga Bitter Gourd - പാവയ്ക്കാ pavakka (yes extremely bitter)  Ivy Gourd - കോവക്ക kovakka Drumstick - മുരിങ്ങക്ക muringakka Spinach - ചീര cheera Tomato - തക്കാളി thakali (we do know it’s a fruit and we do call it തക്കാളിപഴം) Potatoes - ഉരുളക്കിഴങ് uralakizhangu Kerala cuisine basic ingredients:  onion - ഉള്ളി ulli Ginger - ഇഞ്ചി inji Garlic - വെളുത്തുള്ളി (lit trans white onion) veluthulli Chilli - മുളക് mulaku (there are many different types as well) Beans - പയര് payar,  a general term for legumes, so below are all the types of beans (We refer to green beans as beans to lessen the confusion since it’s also a popular veggie) Mung beans ചെറുപയര് (lit trans: small beans) cherupayar Chickpeas - കടല kadala (there are two types so watch out) Brown peas വന്പയര് vanpayar Red beans പെരുമ്പയര് perumpayar

Non-Veg

Beef - (state’s favourite meat, enough to cause riots and controversy lol) we use the term ഇറച്ചി erachi (lit trans: flesh) and beef equally Goat - ആട് aadu (also the title of a funny movie) Mutton - lamb or sheep (we refer to it as mutton because sheep and goat is the same family species so it’s all ആട് ) Chicken - കോഴ kozhi

Fish (general) - മീന്‍ meen Since we are a coastal state we don’t joke about our fishes either but there is too many so we’ll cover the basics Mackerel ഐല aila Sardine മത്തി or ചാള mathi or chaalla Seer Fish നെയ്മീന്‍ (lit trans fatty/oily fish) neimeen Green Chromide കരിമീന്‍ karimeen Shrimp ചെമീൻ Chemmeen (a classic movie Malayalees enjoy)

#i'm actually doing the stuff on the posts now!! #mostly because now i actually have time to type stuff up #corrections welcome as always ^^ #marisa does malayalam #malayalam #resources

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hinduism + ladies –> a - anj

insp

#culture #hinduism

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Malayalam Lesson 8 - Dative Case

Previous Lesson

Dative cases in general varies from language to language. So for simplicity think of the dative cases in Malayalam as the english equivalent of “for” and sometimes “to”, it’s almost like a particle that attaches to nouns and pronouns. It also functions as marking the indirect object. 

The particle for/to in malayalam is ക്ക് or ന് depending upon endings but 99% of the time it’s the first one, a good way to think about this is what flows better, if you feel like your tongue twists while using one of them then it’s the wrong one. Try it using the other particle for എനിക്ക് and ഇവന്  you’ll see what we are talking about

Pronouns എനിക്ക്  for/to me നിനക്ക്  for/to you നമ്മൾക്ക് for/to us (inclusive) ഞങ്ങൾക്ക് for/to us (exclusive)

Proximal ഇവൾക്ക് for/to her ഇവന് for/to him ഇവർക്ക്  for/to them

Distal അവൾക്ക് for/to her അവന് for/to him അവർക്ക് for/to them

Like all the cases you can do this with any nouns including your names.

Examples

Is this for me? ഇത് എനിക്ക് അന്നോ?

She knows how to swim അവൾക്ക് നീന്താൻ അറിയാം

They send a letter to him അവർ അവനു ഒരു കത്ത് അയക്കും

Can we do this? ഇത് നമ്മൾക്ക് ചെയ്യാമോ?

Next Lesson

#malayalam #resources #i think next week i'll be all caught up?? #so then i'll actually do the exercises when i reblog the posts

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ഓണാശംസകൾ!

This Monday is ഓണം so let’s prepare for this amazing celebration. ഓണം onam is Kerala’s equivalent of New Year celebration. There is a misconception among non-Malayalees that ഓണം is only celebrated by Hindus. Although the origin of ഓണം is of Hindu religion and beliefs, it’s loved and celebrated by every Malayalee, regardless of religion on this planet. Schools give out a week long break even adults get few days off, everyone goes shopping for new clothes, we have a dress code :)

Google will give you a more detailed story, so the short version of the myth behind ഓണം is മാവേലി Maveli, a just and kind king, was asked by a disguised Vishnu (a poor brahmin) if he could have three feet/steps of land and the king agreed. Since this was a test for Maveli, Vishnu grew so large that with the first step he covered the entire earth and the second the skies. Now he doesn’t have place for the third step and he tells Maveli this and in response Maveli said he can place the third step on his head and Vishnu does, sending Maveli to nether world/underground. Having passed the test and he gets a wish but the king only had one request, to visit his kingdom, Kerala, once a year. Vishnu moved by all this granted it. So on the day of തിരുവോണം, the final day of onam season, Maveli visits Kerala.

We’ll cover the Malayalam months first, which is based on the കൊല്ലവർഷം (Kollam Year.) Right now the year is 1193! On a day to day basis we do follow the gregorian calendar but for things like festivals, farming, and birth charts etc we use the Malayalam months because കൊല്ലവർഷം is solar calendar and the months are named and based on constellation position (there is lot more science involved but we don’t know all of it).

Based on Gregorian Calendar the year starts in August-September time frame. So the months are:

ചിങ്ങം Chingam

കന്നി Kanni

തുലാം Thulam

വൃശ്ചികം Vrishchikam

ധനു Dhanu

മകരം Makaram

കുംഭം Kumbham

മീനം Meenam

മേടം Medam

ഇടവം Edavam

മിഥുനം Midhunam

കര്‍ക്കടകം Karkkadakam

And so Onam is celebrated in ചിങ്ങം! It’s a season, 10 days long, on the 10th day is തിരുവോണം, the actual day malayalees go all out and celebrate it! This year it’s from the 25th of August to the 4th of September.

Now let’s truly prepare for the festivities so you can wish people and more importantly ask for more food!

ഓണാശംസകൾ! Onnashamsakal (lit trans: onam greetings) Make sure to greet everyone on Monday!

പൂക്കളം pookkalam = A flower arrangement done with different kinds of petals in a colourful design

പുലികളി pulikali = tiger dance

വള്ളംകളി vallamkali = a traditional boat race that looks AMAZING when you see it happening irl

ഓണാ സാധ്യ ona sadhya = a meal with variety of traditional dishes( **vegetables only for onam!**) are served on a banana leaf, this meal is during lunch only

Next are types of dishes you can make with almost any vegetables, or even fruits!

തോരൻ thoran = coconut shavings based veggies, for example: beans thoran

പുലിശയറി or മോര് pulisseri or morru= yogurt curry

അവിയൽ avial = vegetable potluck

എരിശേരി erisseri = spicy coconut paste base with one or multiple veggies

പരിപ്പ് കറി parippu curry = lentil curry (what westerners drink as soup)

സാംബാർ sambar = the essential curry to all South Indians, spicy red color vegetable mix, soup consistency

മെഴുകുവാര്ടി mayukkuvarti = kerala equivalent of stir fry

അച്ചാർ aCHar = pickle (you can turn any food item into achar, even meat but this onam so only veggies)

Dont forget the പപ്പടം! Pappadam = a thin crispy kind of food so your sadhya is more crunchy

പായസം paayasam = the milk based dessert that ties everything together in the end

This is like extra fancy having that many sides, but we hope everyone gets to eat this many sides cause it is heavenly~ And bless you all with at least two types of payasam :D

Eat with your hands like a proper Indian, and fold the leaf top to bottom to show that you’ve enjoyed the meal and you’ll come again! (If you fold it from the bottom, it’s disrespectful!)

Happy Onam!

#malayalam #resources #culture #i had forgotten how glorious kerala papadums looked #it's been too long