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HORMONES

Hormones movement They are molecules produced by glands. They are produced by multicellular organisms They are transported by the circulatory system They are transported to target distant organs. They should regulate physiology and behaviour

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The Holmium Laser Lithotripsy

The holmium laser lithotripsy. Holmium laser can produce a thermal effect Another step in fragmentation and dusting strategies in URS.

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Creatinine

Creatinine Creatinine is a waste product used to make energy by the urine. Creatinine travels to the kidney in the blood.

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SONOGRAPHY

Sonography A sonographer performs Ultra sound scan The radiologist, cardiologist or other specialist interpret the images

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STENT REMOVAL

Removal of uretic stent Apply sterile lubrication with local anaesthetics (lidocaine) It should be instilled into the urethra The thread should be used in pulling out the stent A constant steady force should be applied while pulling The patient should be sedated.

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AFTER THE STENT PROCEDURE

After the stent procedure . Normal activities can be carried out by the patient before the removal of the stent But strenous physical activities or cumbersome activities should be avoided because they may cause some discomfort by the stent. Stents with a thread can serve as a hindrance to sex

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URETIC STENT

Uretic stent . An uretic stent can also be known as an ureteral stent. The uretic stent is a thin tube. It is inserted into the ureter. It prevents the obstruction of urine flow from the Kidney An adult patient can h ave a stent length of 24-30cm. Different sizes of ureters should fit stents of varying diameter or gauges.

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RADIOLOGY

Radiology Medical images is used medically to diagnose and treat diseases in humans and animals.

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IMAGING TECHNIQUES

Types of imaging techniques Xray Radiography Ultrasound CT Scan Nuclear medicine MRI

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XRAY

XRAY XRAYS An x radiation Using an electromagnetic solution With a wavelength of 0.07-10 manometer With a frequency of 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz. Emerges as 100eV to 100keV. The wavelength is shorter than that of UV length. The wavelength is longer than gamma rays. A high dosage of radiation over a period of time can cause radiation sickness. It XRAYS the inside especially of opaque objects. It makes use of a normal microscope. Detectors used are digital detectors comprising of: Image plates And flat panel detectors.

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KIDNEY FUNCTIONS

Functions of the Kidney -. Blood detoxification -. It helps in balancing the fluids in the body -. It maintains the level of electrolytes in the body such as sodium, Potassium, calcium, magnesium and others.

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