#wphil

[projectpolitics]

Film, T.V. and Books 

If you want to learn more about this topic in various media forms:

Film

Grand Army (2020)

The Color Purple (1985)

Daughters of the Dust (1991)

Hidden Figures (2016)

Free Angela Davis and All Political Prisoners (2012)

Books

Hood Feminism: Notes from the Women White Feminists Forgot by Mikki Kendall

Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center by Bell Hooks

In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens by Alice Walker

Hope in the Holler: A Womanist Theology by A. Elanie Brown Crawford

Aint I a Woman? by Bell Hooks

#wphil

[grand--queen]

[Q&A] http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme04.

http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme04.htm (Links to an external site.) Use your text and visit this website ( you will need to scroll down) to research information on the Hellenistic philosophies. Then write (in your own words) a short paragraph on each of these: 1. Cynicism 2. Stoicism 3. Epicureanism Be sure to include the founder of each of these,…

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[drxcos]

[Q&A] http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme04.

http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme04.htm (Links to an external site.) Use your text and visit this website ( you will need to scroll down) to research information on the Hellenistic philosophies. Then write (in your own words) a short paragraph on each of these: 1. Cynicism 2. Stoicism 3. Epicureanism Be sure to include the founder of each of these,…

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[gritvan]

[Q&A] http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme04.

http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme04.htm (Links to an external site.) Use your text and visit this website ( you will need to scroll down) to research information on the Hellenistic philosophies. Then write (in your own words) a short paragraph on each of these: 1. Cynicism 2. Stoicism 3. Epicureanism Be sure to include the founder of each of these,…

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[dude-with-wings]

[Q&A] http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme04.

http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme04.htm (Links to an external site.) Use your text and visit this website ( you will need to scroll down) to research information on the Hellenistic philosophies. Then write (in your own words) a short paragraph on each of these: 1. Cynicism 2. Stoicism 3. Epicureanism Be sure to include the founder of each of these,…

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[clunce]

http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme04.

http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/WeirdWildWeb/courses/wphil/lectures/wphil_theme04.htm (Links to an external site.) Use your text and visit this website ( you will need to scroll down) to research information on the Hellenistic philosophies. Then write (in your own words) a short paragraph on each of these: 1. Cynicism 2. Stoicism 3. Epicureanism Be sure to include the founder of each of these,…

View On WordPress

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[projectpolitics]

The Womanist Answer

According to the Black Metropolis Research Consortium, "Womanism is a term used to refer to feminists of color, more specifically Black feminists. Womanism centers the experiences, contributions and efforts of Black feminists to better the world around them for all of humanity, not just themselves." but how does this differ from feminism?

Feminism refers to a range of political and social movements and ideologies based on the belief that women should have the same rights, opportunities as men, and be treated the same way.

Feminism focuses on the equality of the sexes while womanism focuses not only on equality of the sexes but also racism and classism.

Mainstream feminism has extremely narrow barriers that doesn't account for other forms of liberation, it expects all women to aspire to what a liberated white cis heterosexual middle class woman might look like.

In her Ted Talk, "The Dangers of Western Feminism to African Women" Elma Akob states, "The manner in which feminism is defined with such strict borders that do not accommodate tradition - the fact that African culture is looked down upon as oppressive and the fact that women who choose to be housewives are seen as less and the fact that cancel culture doesn't allow us to have a broad overview on the subject of feminism."

Most black women do not identify as feminists and have even asked the question, "what has feminism done for me?" Growing up learning a commercialized version of the suffrage movement and the revival in the 60's I used to not understand how someone could ask this question but what I didn't recognize is the many intersections black women have that doesn't give them the privilege to benefit from mainstream feminism.

In her book, "Hood Feminism: Notes from the Women That a Movement Forgot" Mikki Kendall writes, "Feminism as a career is the province of the privileged; it's hard to read books on feminist theory while you're working in a hair salon or engaged in the kinds of jobs that put food on the table but also demand a lot of physical and mental energy."

Womanism gives black women a place to be heard without feeling like our words will be overlooked or framed as hurting other peoples feelings. So often black women have had to reframe and refine their approach to discussing their issues because we're afraid that we'll come off as the "Angry black woman" who's loud and obnoxious.

Hopefully in the future womanism will be a more mainstream or more known movement parallel to feminism.

Sources:

Hood Feminism: Notes from the Women That a Movement Forgot by Mikki Kendall

#wphil #Youtube

[projectpolitics]

Black Trans Women 

Black trans women are one of the most underrepresented intersections within the feminist movement yet they have massively contributed to the movement.

Black trans women are the embodiment of the word intersectionality as they represent two social movements that don't accurately represent them. Black trans women encounter disparity within the feminist movement due to transphobia and patriarchal standards of what a woman is "supposed" to fit into and because of this mainstream feminism completely ignores not only their efforts to further the movement but also the violence that occurs based on misogynoir and transphobia.

The life expectancy for a cis gender woman is 74 years old but the life expectancy for a trans woman of color is 35 years old. Black trans women are killed so often that the American Medical Association has declared it an epidemic. During the heinous killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor and Ahmaud Arbery, two black trans women Dominique Fells and Riah Milton were also killed, yet their killing weren't mentioned along with the three previously mentioned.

Mainstream feminism that only protects and uplifts white women serves to erase the issues encountered by Black trans women. Intersectionality highlights the many facets of identity that marginalized groups face, so in the subject of Black trans women, they can't even focus on pay wages or gaining acknowledgement in historically segregated spaces because they have to worry about their right to live and move throughout the world.

In the article "Black Trans Women Seek More Space in the Movement They Helped Start" activist Raquel Willis states,

“So much money and resources and energy has been put into legislative fights or judicial fights, which is important — those wins are important,”-“But as a black trans woman, I often have to grapple with the question of, what do any of these protections mean if I am dead, if I am still at risk of literally being killed?”

The question that's usually asked when people learn about the disparity that Black trans women face is what can we do? How can we combat this injustice?

In the article previously mentioned we can advocate,

"to redistribute police funding to education and public housingcould benefit black transgender people, who because of widespread transphobia have some of the highest rates of homelessness and unemployment in the country. More than one in four transgender people have lost a job because of bias, and more than three-fourths have experienced workplace discrimination, according to the National Center for Transgender Equality."

Sources:

#wphil

[projectpolitics]

Historical Exclusion 

Exclusion of Black women in mainstream feminism has been prevalent since the women's suffrage movement in the 19th century. Figureheads such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton preached feminist ideals and equality that held a powerful message but unfortunately their politics negated the existence of black women and their struggles. What is seen in their feminism is the prioritization of middle class white women.

The suffrage movement took place between 1848 - 1917, during this time three pivotal amendments were passed that helped progress the black population in America. The 15th amendment in particular established the right for all men (including black men) to vote and not be denied to vote based on race, color or previous status of servitude.

After the 15th amendment was passed Stanton wrote an opinion article regarding the amendment called "Manhood suffrage". In her rhetoric where she discusses how women deserve to have the right to vote and essentially receive liberation she goes on to say,

"Just so if woman finds it hard to bear the oppressive laws of a few Saxon Fathers, of the best orders of manhood, what may she not be called to endure when all the lower orders, natives and foreigners, Dutch, Irish, Chinese and African, legislate for her and her daughters?"

Not only does she dehumanize black men by categorizing them into lower classes but she later goes on to write,

"but when you propose to lift the negro above the woman, and make him her Ruler, Legislator, Judge and Juror, if even northern women rebel, what can you expect at the south?"

This speech has been interpreted as Stanton "taking up" for black men and the violence they would face from being given the right to vote but in actuality her language is proposing the fact that black men shouldn't be uplifted and her language is isolating and clearly establishing barriers. To say that the amendment lifted "the negro" above "the woman" completely erases black women and the intersectionality of our existence.

In her book Elizabeth Cady Stanton: An American Life Lori Ginzburg writes, "I think that Stanton helped create a rhetoric or a political ideology where when we say women - and often when the media says women- in terms of feminist goals, we think middle-class, white women."

White liberal feminism has neglected black women tremendously. Movements such as black lives matter, which include black women, is left out of mainstream feminism. The death of Sandra Bland sparked numerous protests and hashtags around the country yet, in mainstream feminism I never hear her name being mentioned.

I think a quote that perfectly encapsulates the black woman in relation to mainstream feminism is a quote from AnaLexicis T. Bridewell's Black Lives Matter: Black Feminism

“Black feminists are made constantly and painfully aware of how little effort white women have made to understand and combat their racisms, which require amongst other things that have a more than superficially comprehension of race, color and Black history and culture.” 

The exclusion of black women in feminism presents a bigger question, what happens when black women are left out?

Sources

#wphil

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