#manufacturing high-quality bulletproof helmet

[holyheartdefendor]

#H Win New Material Technology #manufacturing high-quality bulletproof helmet #bulletproof helmet

[chemanalystdata]

Exploring the Versatility of Polycarbonate: Applications, Manufacturing, and Advantages of Polycarbonate (2023-2034)

Polycarbonate is a common polymer which finds applications from automotive to consumer goods.  In this blog, we'll dive into the fascinating world of polycarbonates. We'll explore its unique properties, its manufacturing process, and its range of applications that make it popular in the world of polymers. The global Polycarbonate market is likely to flourish at a moderate CAGR of 4.32% by the year 2034.

Here are some of the main topics we'll cover in this blog:

The Properties: Get to know the details of polycarbonate's remarkable properties like toughness, clarity, and heat resistance.

Applications: Explore the applications of polycarbonate, from lifesaving medical devices to everyday consumer products.

Introduction

Polycarbonate (PC) stands out as a high-performance thermoplastic polymer. Its molecular structure comprises organic functional groups connected by carbonate groups (–O–(C=O)–O–), granting it a distinctive array of properties. Due to its remarkable compatibility with certain polymers, polycarbonate finds extensive use in blends like PC/ABS, PC/PET, and PC/PMMA. This versatile material is employed in various applications, including compact discs, safety helmets, bulletproof glass, car headlamp lenses, baby feeding bottles, roofing, glazing, and more. With its exceptional toughness, transparency, and thermoplastic nature, polycarbonate remains a sought-after choice across industries, offering a balance of strength, durability, and optical clarity. Its ability to withstand impact, coupled with its transparent quality, renders it indispensable in safety-critical applications like protective gear and automotive components. Moreover, its versatility allows for diverse applications, ranging from consumer products to architectural solutions. Its properties include:

Transparency: PC boasts high transparency, facilitating superior light transmission. It is commonly utilized in applications necessitating optical clarity, like eyeglass lenses and transparent protective shields.

Impact resistance: A standout characteristic of PC is its outstanding resistance to impact. It is virtually indestructible, making it ideal for safety-critical applications such as bulletproof glass, safety goggles, and automotive headlight lenses.

Heat resistance: PC can endure high temperatures without melting or distorting. Its elevated glass transition temperature renders it suitable for applications requiring exposure to heat, such as microwave-safe cookware and LED light covers.

Lightweight: Despite its strength, PC is relatively lightweight. This property makes it favored for weight reduction in industries such as aerospace and automotive.

UV resistance: PC exhibits good resistance to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, making it suitable for applications like greenhouse panels or protective covers for outdoor equipment.

Manufacturing Process

VARIPLANT Process is the main process used to produce Polycarbonate. This process initiates Bisphenol A (BPA) and Diphenyl carbonate (DPC) melting which are then introduced into a raw material melt mixing tank. To ensure high-purity monomer essential for polycarbonate production, purification methods like filtration and impurity removal through stripping are applied. The pre-heated raw materials are then delivered in liquid form into the transesterification reactor. During the initial reaction phase, the raw material melt is combined with catalysts and heated to the specified transesterification temperature, adjusting a specific pre-conversion rate. As monomer and polymer chains develop, phenol begins to separate. Upon completion of transesterification, the produced oligomers are continuously discharged and directed to the prepolycondensation I reactor for the subsequent reaction phase.

By employing elevated temperatures and reduced vacuum conditions, mid-size chain length molecules are formed. Following the prepolycondensation I reactor (PP I), and depending on the plant's production rate design, the system can be configured with one, two, or three polycondensation lines in parallel. This allows for the simultaneous production of up to three distinct product grades. The product from PP I is then transferred to the prepolycondensation II reactor for further chain growth, and subsequently to the final polycondensation reactors. The final polycondensation reactor plays a crucial role in achieving the desired polymer chain length, thereby attaining the targeted properties of the Polycarbonate. Both the horizontal prepolycondensation II stage and the final reactor are equipped with a disc-ring agitator, ensuring significant surface area for efficient mass transfer and chemical reactions.

Applications of Polycarbonate

Electricals & Electronics

Polycarbonate and their blends find application in various appliances like refrigerators, air conditioners, coffee machines, and washing machines. Their utilization enables design flexibility due to a diverse range of mechanical properties, enhancing product durability and aesthetic appeal.

Automotive

Polycarbonate (PC), known for its lightweight and transparent nature, contributes to eye-catching vehicle designs and enhances efficiency by reducing weight without compromising durability or aerodynamics. Its exceptional heat resistance makes it ideal for light housing, headlamp bezels, and lenses. PC blends offer optimal rigidity and excellent creep resistance, making them suitable for both interior and exterior car body parts.

Construction

PC serves as a viable substitute for glass in diverse glazing applications including agricultural structures, industrial and public buildings, facades, security windows, shelters, and skylights. Its attributes of high impact strength, transparency, UV light resistance, and weatherability make it an ideal choice for such purposes.

Consumer goods

Polycarbonate's minimal birefringence, low internal stress, and precise dimensional accuracy make it ideal for CD/DVD manufacturing. Its exceptional transparency enables innovative designs for everyday items like safety goggles, ophthalmic lenses, and large-volume water bottles. Additionally, its optical clarity lends itself to applications such as shatterproof sunglasses, face shields, and bulletproof windows.

Market Outlook:

The automotive sector serves as the primary driver for the global Polycarbonate market, with its utilization in lightweight exterior and interior parts. Polycarbonate's unique properties enable sleek designs while reducing component weight by up to half, particularly in applications like automotive glazing, panoramic roof panels, and backlights. Additionally, its high impact resistance extends its usage to electronic devices, meeting the demand for durable and technologically advanced gadgets. The growing consumer preference for stylish automotive designs and innovative electronics further propels the demand for Polycarbonate, positioning it as a pivotal material in driving industry innovation and meeting evolving market demands. The global Polycarbonate market is anticipated to reach approximately 8.5 million tonnes by 2034.

Polycarbonate Major Manufacturers

Significant companies in the Global Polycarbonate market are Covestro AG, SABIC, Mitsubishi Engineering-Plastics Corporation, Lotte Chemical Corporation, LG Chem, Formosa Chemicals & Fibre Corp., Teijin Limited, Chi Mei Corporation, Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd. (Japan), Zhongsha (Tianjin) Petrochemical, SABIC-Sinopc JV, SHELL-CNOOC, LG Dow polycarbonate, Lutianhua Zhonglan New Materials, Wanhua Chemical, and Others.

Polycarbonate market restraints

The Polycarbonate market faces several restraints as well. These are as follows:

Fluctuating Raw Material Prices: Polycarbonate production relies on raw materials like bisphenol A and phosgene, the prices of which are subject to market volatility. Fluctuations in raw material costs can affect the overall production costs and profit margins for Polycarbonate manufacturers.

Environmental Concerns: The production process of Polycarbonate involves the use of chemicals and solvents that can have environmental implications. Stringent environmental regulations aimed at reducing emissions and waste disposal pose challenges for Polycarbonate manufacturers in terms of compliance and operational costs.

Competitive Pressure: The Polycarbonate market faces competition from alternative materials such as acrylics, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS). These materials may offer similar properties at lower costs, posing a threat to Polycarbonate's market share.

Conclusion:

The global Polycarbonate demand, closely tied to Electrical and Electronics, Automotive, and Construction industries, has experienced strong growth in the past few years. Polycarboante’s distinct characteristics, including lightweight nature, high resilience, and resistance to chemicals, suggest an anticipated expansion of the Polycarbonate market in the forecast period. With urbanization activities on the rise, increasing demand for modern electronic devices, and heightened vehicle sales projected, there is expected to be a surge in demand for Polycarbonate by the year2034.

[acf-lab]

LINZHI TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION: A Leader in the Development of Impact Resistant Materials with Innovative Technology

Foshan Linzhi Polymer Material Technology Co., Ltd (referred to as "Linzhi Technology") is a leading enterprise in China, which focuses on the research and development of innovative and technological impact-resistant materials. After years of efforts, the company successfully developed the ACF artificial cartilage bionic energy absorption technology, become the world's highest impact protection level of cushioning energy absorption material suppliers, technology has been in the world's leading position.

LINZHI TECHNOLOGY, under the leadership of academician Wang Bowei, has successfully developed ACF Artificial Cartilage Bionic Energy Absorption Technology by imitating human cartilage tissues on the basis of interdisciplinary research and through more than 12,000 tests in 6 years. The technology has a world-leading position, the domestic blank, can absorb 97.1% of the impact energy, and the impact energy into insignificant heat, effectively protect the human body and valuables from the impact force.

As an enterprise focusing on scientific and technological innovation, Linzhi Technology now has a strong R&D team led by 2 academicians, as well as a number of R&D platforms. These platforms include ACF Basic Laboratory, Foshan Nanhai District Extreme Impact Protection Engineering and Technology Research Center, Foshan Special Functional Materials University Science and Technology Achievement Pilot Platform and a number of university joint laboratories. These R&D platforms provide strong support for the company's technological innovation and product development.

Linzhi Technology's products are widely used in many fields, including sports, medical care, shoes, clothing, bags, industrial vibration damping, electronic chip protection, automobile collision avoidance, bridge construction shock absorption, rail transportation cushioning, aircraft cushioning, explosion-proof bulletproof, intelligent equipment, and even daily life clothes shoes helmets protective gear bags home appliances and so on. Its core product - ACF artificial cartilage energy-absorbing materials, as a multi-scale micro-nanometer structure of functional materials, in the market has a high degree of competitiveness, can be due to impact, collision, vibration, fall, explosion and other factors caused by the military, economic and social problems to provide professional solutions and standard services, as long as it involves the impact of protection, cushioning and shock absorption, ACF materials, and so on, can be used to provide professional solutions and standard services. As long as it involves impact protection, cushioning and shock absorption, ACF materials can play a role. Empowering the transformation of local manufacturing enterprises.

In addition, Lin Zhi Technology also won a number of honors, including National Intellectual Property Advantageous Enterprise, Guangdong Province and Foshan City, "Specialized, Specialized and New" enterprises, Guangdong Province, science and technology experts industrial station, Foshan City, Science and Technology Bureau of the team of innovative talents, the South China Sea brand enterprises and other honorary titles. The company also owns 68 domestic and foreign patents, and has completed 3 national standards and 1 military standard, 7 high-tech products in Guangdong Province, and all the indexes have passed the testing and certification of the third-party authoritative organizations, such as SGS, ITS, CE, and the General Logistics Institute of Munitions. Among them, 17 combat boots project has realized the whole army equipment, and become one of the important suppliers of national military equipment.

Linzhi Technology is committed to providing better protection for life through the support of materials, technology and ACF. The company not only provides high-quality products and services, but also actively promotes scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading. Through the cooperation and establishment of joint laboratories with universities (Shanghai University, Jinan University, Guangzhou Sports Institute, Southern Medical University, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Foshan University, etc.) and research institutes, Lin Zhi Technology continuously optimizes and improves its technology and products, and promotes the development of related fields.

After nearly 20 years of integration and innovation, Linzhi Technology has developed into a scientific and technological innovation enterprise that emphasizes on scientific and technological innovation and has strong R&D strength. Its ACF artificial cartilage bionic energy-absorbing technology research and development results in the field of impact-resistant materials in the world's leading position, for the safety of human life to provide a strong guarantee. As a company with a high sense of responsibility and mission, Linzhi Technology will continue to be committed to scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading, to create a better future for mankind.

400-6543-699

www.acf.com

[yoursupercable]

How to identify the quality of optical cables

MV ABC cable

Sheath: Indoor optical cables are generally made of polyethylene or flame-retardant polyethylene, and the appearance should be smooth, bright, flexible, and easy to peel off. The outer sheath of the optical cable with poor quality has poor finish, and it is easy to adhere to the tight sleeve and aramid fiber inside. The PE sheath of the outdoor optical cable should be made of high-quality black polyethylene. After the cable is formed, the sheath is flat, bright, uniform in thickness, and free of small bubbles. The outer sheath of inferior optical cables is generally produced with recycled materials, which can save a lot of cost. The outer sheath of such optical cables is not smooth. Because there are many impurities in the raw materials, the outer sheath of the optical cable made has many very small pits, which will crack and enter after a long time. water.

Optical fiber: Regular optical cable manufacturers generally use A-level fiber cores from major manufacturers. Some low-priced and inferior optical cables usually use C-level, D-level optical fibers and smuggled optical fibers from unknown sources. These optical fibers have a long delivery time due to their complicated sources. It has often become damp and discolored, and multimode fibers are often mixed with single-mode fibers. Generally, small factories lack necessary testing equipment and cannot make judgments on the quality of fibers. Because the naked eye cannot distinguish such optical fibers, the common problems encountered in construction are: narrow bandwidth and short transmission distance; uneven thickness, which cannot be connected with pigtails; optical fibers lack flexibility, and they will break when they are bent.

Reinforced steel wire: The steel wire of the outdoor optical cable of regular manufacturers is phosphating-treated, and the surface is gray. Such steel wire does not increase hydrogen loss after being cabled, does not rust, and has high strength. Inferior optical cables are generally replaced by thin iron wires or aluminum wires. The identification method is very easy-the appearance is white and can be bent at will when pinched in the hand. The optical cable produced by such steel wire has a large hydrogen loss, and after a long time, the two ends of the optical fiber box will rust and break.

Steel armor: regular production enterprises use double-sided anti-rust coating longitudinal wrapping steel strips, and inferior optical cables use ordinary iron sheets, usually only one side has been treated with anti-rust.

Loose tube: The loose tube for installing optical fiber in the optical cable should be made of PBT material. Such a tube has high strength, no deformation, and anti-aging. Inferior optical cables generally use PVC as the sleeve. The outer diameter of such a sleeve is very thin, and it will be flat when squeezed by hand, a bit like a drinking straw for us to drink.

Fiber paste: The fiber paste in the outdoor optical cable can prevent the oxidation of the optical fiber. Due to the moisture ingress, the fiber paste used in the inferior optical fiber is very little, which seriously affects the life of the optical fiber.

Aramid: Also known as Kevlar, it is a high-strength chemical fiber. It is currently used most in the military industry. Military helmets and bulletproof vests are produced from this material. At present, only DuPont and Aksu in the Netherlands can produce it in the world, and the price is about 300,000 tons. Indoor optical cables and electric overhead optical cables (ADSS) both use aramid yarns as reinforcements. Due to the high cost of aramid, inferior indoor optical cables generally have a very thin outer diameter, so that a few strands of aramid can be used to save costs. Such an optical cable is easily broken when passing through the pipe. Because the ADSS optical cable determines the amount of aramid used in the optical cable according to the span and the wind speed per second, it is generally not dare to cut corners.

#MV ABC cable

[plastic-mold]

why you need China polycarbonate injection molding Polycarbonate injection molding is a manufacturing process that uses heat to soften and shape a plastic resin into a mold, which then hardens and takes on the shape of the object being molded. This process differs from compression molding, which uses high-pressure to compress pre-shaped material into its final form. Polycarbonate is one of the most popular materials used in injection molding because it's strong and lightweight. Manufacturers use polycarbonate molds to produce parts for everything from eyeglasses to computer monitors, as well as toys, sporting goods, automotive parts and more. In this article we'll explore why you need China polycarbonate injection molding. What is polycarbonate? Polycarbonate is a type of plastic that is very strong and impact resistant. Polycarbonate has been used in many applications, including electronics, safety goggles and bulletproof glass. In the construction industry, polycarbonate windows are commonly used because they provide protection from the elements while letting light and heat through. Because of its strength and resistance to impact, polycarbonate is also commonly used in the manufacturing of sports helmets and other safety equipment. Polycarbonate has many applications in the consumer electronics industry, including cell phone covers and computer monitors. The advantages of China polycarbonate injection molding There are a wide variety of advantages to China polycarbonate injection molding. The China injection molding cost is low. Prices are usually much lower than those of other materials like acrylic and glass, and they're even comparable to ABS plastic. However, since you only need a small amount of material in order to produce your product (depending on its size), the overall cost will be much lower than that of many other types of plastics. Delivery times are quick—a few days(for prototype mould) or weeks at most for finished products that use this process! This is especially important if you need to get your product done quickly and don’t have time to wait around for weeks or months on end. Easy to use, this method is flexible and easy to use (which makes it quite popular). It can also produce good-quality parts with little or no post-processing required after molding has taken place; this cuts down on labor costs associated with creating your product further still! Polycarbonate Injection molding procedure Designing the mold.Once you know what type of plastic you want to use, it’s time to start designing the mold. The first step is deciding how many parts will be made from one mold and how they will fit together—this will determine how many cavities are needed in the final product. From there, you can move on to creating a CAD file of your product with all of its dimensions and features. This file should then be sent off for approval before proceeding further with production (as some modifications may need to be made).Manufacturing the mold.Once you’ve received approval for your CAD file, it’s time to start manufacturing the mold. This process can take anywhere from several weeks to months, depending on how many parts are in your design and how intricate they are. When the mold is complete, you will need to send it off for approval before moving on to injection molding.Testing and inspecting the mold to ensure quality.Once the mold has been manufactured, it needs to be tested for quality. This is done by injecting a small amount of plastic into each cavity and then examining how well it flows throughout the interior channels. If there are any imperfections, they will need to be corrected before moving forward with production.Molding your polycarbonate part using an injection molding machine .Once the mold has been approved, you can move on to injection molding your part. This process involves placing resin pellets into an injection machine, which heats them up and then injects them into each cavity of the mold.

The molten polycarbonate plastic cools down and hardens as it flows through channels inside each cavity; once this is done, you will have your polycarbonate injection molded part! Polycarbonate Injection molding companies in China Injection molding companies in China are plentiful and are located all across the country. Many of these companies have been in operation for decades, and they know exactly what it takes to deliver great service. They will help you with everything from designing your part to making sure that it meets all of your specifications. The largest concentration of injection molding companies, however, is in Guangdong Province where you can find Shenzhen, Dongguan and Hong Kong. Therefore it's no wonder that China has become the world's largest manufacturer of polycarbonate injection molding. China has a long history of manufacturing, and they've honed their skills over the years to become one of the best. In fact, many countries rely on China for their injection molding needs. Whether it is plastic or metal parts, there's no better place than China to find exactly what you're looking for. Final words Polycarbonate injection molding is a common method for creating plastic products, and it can be used for any number of applications. Polycarbonate has many benefits over other plastics, but the most important factor to consider when choosing your material is whether or not it’s right for your project needs. If you want more information about how polycarbonate injection molding works, feel free to contact us today!

[sozixixa-blog]

How To Choose The Best Lenses For Your Glasses

The lenses you choose for your eyeglasses — even more than frames — often will determine how happy you are with your eyewear.

And buying eyeglass lenses is not an easy task. In fact, in a recent issue, Consumer Reports magazine said, "There are so many choices for lenses and coatings, it's easy to be confused about what's worth buying."

This buying guide will help you cut through the hype about different types of eyeglass lenses and help you choose lenses and coatings that offer the best features and value for your needs.

Why Choosing The Right Eyeglass Lenses Is So Important

When buying eyeglasses, the frame you choose is important to both your appearance and your comfort when wearing glasses. But the eyeglass lenses you choose influence four factors: appearance, comfort, vision and safety.

                        Eyeglass lens thickness is determined in part by the size and style of the frame you choose. For thinner lenses, choose smaller, round or oval frames. Also, plastic frames hide edge thickness better.

A common mistake people often make when buying eyeglasses is not spending enough time considering their choices of eyeglass lens materials, designs and coatings.

This article gives you the basics you need to know to buy eyeglasses lenses wisely.

The following information applies to all prescription lenses for glasses — whether you need single vision lenses to correct nearsightedness, farsightedness, and/or astigmatism, or you need progressive lenses, bifocals or other multifocal lenses to also correct presbyopia.

Eyeglass Lens Materials - Features And Benefits

Glass lenses. In the early days of vision correction, all eyeglass lenses were made of glass.

Although glass lenses offer exceptional optics, they are heavy and can break easily, potentially causing serious harm to the eye or even loss of an eye. For these reasons, glass lenses are no longer widely used for eyeglasses.

Plastic lenses. In 1947, the Armorlite Lens Company in California introduced the first lightweight plastic eyeglass lenses. The lenses were made of a plastic polymer called CR-39, an abbreviation for "Columbia Resin 39," because it was the 39th formulation of a thermal-cured plastic developed by PPG Industries in the early 1940s.

Because of its light weight (about half the weight of glass), low cost and excellent optical qualities, CR-39 plastic remains a popular material for eyeglass lenses even today.

Polycarbonate lenses. In the early 1970s, Gentex Corporation introduced the first polycarbonate lenses for safety glasses. Later that decade and in the 1980s, polycarbonate lenses became increasing popular and remain so today.

Originally developed for helmet visors for the Air Force, for "bulletproof glass" for banks and other safety applications, polycarbonate is lighter and significantly more impact-resistant than CR-39 plastic, making it a preferred material for children's eyewear, safety glasses and sports eyewear.

A newer lightweight eyeglass lens material with similar impact-resistant properties as polycarbonate is called Trivex (PPG Industries), which was introduced for eyewear in 2001. A potential visual advantage of Trivex is its higher Abbe value (see below).

High-index plastic lenses. In the past 20 years, in response to the demand for thinner, lighter eyeglasses, a number of lens manufacturers have introduced high-index plastic lenses. These lenses are thinner and lighter than CR-39 plastic lenses because they have a higher index of refraction (see below) and may also have a lower specific gravity.

Here are popular eyeglass lens materials, arranged in order of refractive index and lens thickness (pretty good indicators of cost). Except for the crown glass, these are all plastic materials.

Index Of Refraction

The index of refraction (or refractive index) of an eyeglass lens material is a number that is a relative measure of how efficiently the material refracts (bends) light, which depends on how fast light travels through the material.

Specifically, the refractive index of a lens material is the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum, divided by the speed of light in the lens material.

For example, the index of refraction of CR-39 plastic is 1.498, which mean light travels roughly 50 percent slower through CR-39 plastic than it does through a vacuum.

The higher the refractive index of a material, the slower light moves through it, which results in greater bending (refracting) of the light rays. So the higher the refractive index of a lens material, the less lens material is required to bend light to the same degree as a lens with a lower refractive index.

In other words, for a given eyeglass lens power, a lens made of a material with a high refractive index will be thinner than a lens made of a material with a lower refractive index.

The refractive index of current eyeglass lens materials ranges from 1.498 (CR-39 plastic) to 1.74 (a specific variety of high-index plastic). So for the same prescription power and lens design, a lens made of CR-39 plastic will be the thickest lens available, and a 1.74 high-index plastic lens will be the thinnest.

Abbe Value

The Abbe value (or Abbe number) of a lens material is an objective measure of how widely the lens disperses different wavelengths of light as light passes through it. Lens materials with a low Abbe value have high dispersion, which can cause noticeable chromatic aberration — an optical error visible as colored halos around objects, especially lights.

When present, chromatic aberration is most noticeable when looking through the periphery of eyeglass lenses. It is least noticeable when looking directly through the central optical zone of the lenses.

Abbe values of eyeglass lens materials range from a high of 59 (crown glass) to a low of 30 (polycarbonate). The lower the Abbe number, the more likely the lens material is to cause chromatic aberration.

Abbe number is named after the German physicist Ernst Abbe (1840-1905), who defined this useful measure of optical quality.

Aspheric Design

In addition to choosing a lens material that has a high index of refraction, another way to give your lenses a slimmer, more attractive profile is to choose an aspheric design.

Aspheric designs — where the lens curvature changes gradually from the center of the lens to its edge — enable lens manufacturers to use flatter curves when fabricating eyeglass lenses, without degrading the optical performance of the lenses.

Because aspheric lenses are flatter than conventional (spherical) lens designs, they cause less unwanted magnification of the wearer's eyes, for a better appearance. In some cases, aspheric designs also improve the clarity of the wearer's peripheral vision.

Most high index plastic lenses are made with aspheric designs to optimize both the appearance and the optical performance of the lenses. With polycarbonate and CR-39 lenses, an aspheric design usually is an option that increases the cost of the lenses.

Minimum Center Thickness (Or Edge Thickness)

The FDA has guidelines for impact resistance, so there's a limit to how thin an optical laboratory can grind your lenses.

In (concave) lenses for the correction of myopia, the thinnest portion of the lens is the optical center, located at or near the middle. In (convex) lenses that correct farsightedness, the thinnest portion of the lens is at its edges.

Because of their superior impact resistance, polycarbonate and Trivex lenses that correct myopia can be fabricated to a center thickness of just 1.0 mm and still pass the FDA impact-resistance standard. Myopia-correcting lenses made of other materials usually have to be thicker in the center to pass the standard.

The size and shape of your eyeglass frames also will affect the thickness of your lenses, especially if you have a strong prescription. Choosing a smaller, well-centered frame can significantly reduce the thickness and weight of your lenses, regardless of the lens material you choose.

Generally, the thinnest lenses for your prescription will be aspheric lenses made of a high-index material, worn in a small frame.

Eyeglass Lens Treatments

For the most comfortable, durable and best-looking glasses, the following lens treatments should be considered essential:

If you're not going to wear sunglasses outdoors, make sure your eyeglass lenses block 100 percent of UV rays. Some lens materials don't without an added coating.

Anti-scratch coating. All lightweight eyeglass lens materials (see table) have surfaces that are significantly softer and more prone to scratches and abrasions than glass lenses. The softest eyeglass lens is also the one that is the most impact-resistant: polycarbonate. But all plastic and high-index plastic lenses require a factory-applied anti-scratch coating for adequate lens durability.

Most of today's modern anti-scratch coatings (also called scratch coats or hard coats) can make your eyeglass lenses nearly as scratch-resistant as glass. But if you're hard on your glasses or you're buying eyeglasses for your kids, ask about lenses that include a warranty against scratches for a specific period of time.

Anti-reflective coating. An anti-reflective (AR) coating makes all eyeglass lenses better. AR coatings eliminate reflections in lenses that reduce contrast and clarity, especially at night. They also make your lenses nearly invisible, so you can make better eye contact and you and others aren't distracted by reflections in your lenses. AR-coated lenses are also much less likely to have glare spots in photographs.

Anti-reflective coating is especially important if you choose high-index lenses, because the higher the refractive index of a lens material, the more light the lenses reflect. In fact, high-index lenses can reflect up to 50 percent more light than CR-39 lenses, causing significantly more glare, unless AR coating is applied.

UV-blocking treatment. Cumulative exposure to the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation over a person's lifetime has been associated with age-related eye problems including cataracts and macular degeneration.

For this reason, people should protect their eyes from UV beginning in early childhood. Thankfully, polycarbonate and nearly all high-index plastic lenses have 100 percent UV protection built-in, due to absorptive characteristics of the lens material.

But if you choose CR-39 plastic lenses, be aware that these lenses need an added coating applied to provide equal UV protection afforded by other lens materials.

Photochromic treatment. This lens treatment enables eyeglass lenses to darken automatically in response to the sun's UV and high-energy visible (HEV) light rays, and then quickly return to clear (or nearly clear) when indoors. Photochromic lenses are available in virtually all lens materials and designs.

Cost Of Eyeglass Lenses And Eyeglasses

Depending on the type of lenses and lens treatments you choose and the lens design you need, your eyeglass lenses can easily cost more than the frames you choose — even if you choose the latest designer frames.

So how much will your glasses cost? That's hard to say.

According to Consumer Reports' latest reader survey published in 2013, respondents spent a median of $244 out-of-pocket on their last pair of prescription eyeglasses. But this figure can be misleading.

The amount you pay for your next pair of glasses will depend on many factors, including your visual needs, your fashion desires and whether you have vision insurance that covers a portion of the cost of your eyewear.

Keep in mind that if you choose high-end designer frames and aspheric, high-index progressive lenses with premium anti-reflective coating, it's not unusual for the cost of your eyeglasses to exceed $800.

On the other hand, if you're buying your child's first pair of prescription eyeglasses with polycarbonate lenses for mild myopia, the cost will be much closer to $200 for quality eyewear, including a scratch-resistant warranty.

To get the best value, it's essential to understand the features and benefits of the products you are considering and to choose wisely with the help of a reputable eye care provider and/or eyewear retailer.

When Buying Eyeglass Lenses, There's No Substitute For Expert Advice

Buying eyeglass lenses can seem daunting, but it doesn't have to be. The key is getting accurate, unbiased eyeglass lens information from sources you can trust. To find an eye doctor near you, click here.

[aliworldtrade]

Yuemai Outdoor And Camping Co., Ltd.

0086-25-84986508 008613813821879

Rm. 1010, Bldg. A, 68 Zhushan Rd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

We Yuemai Outdoor & Camping Co., Ltd. Is the professional manufacturer with over 20 years experience in making military supplies, police equipment and tactical gears, outdoor and camping products. We have our own design department , 3 factories ,300 workers and always could do OEM or ODM as per the customer strict quality request .Our excellent quality and perfect reputation have been widely accepted by more and more overseas army and security buyers. We have ever exported to American, North America , Germany ,UK ,France ,Netherlands ,Belgium ,Italy ,Australia , South American Middle East and African Countries and other worldwide countries. We specialize in making individual equipment :military uniforms ,field jacket ,waterproof parkas , flight jacket ,tactical clothing , body armor vest ,body armor helmet and bulletproof plate , tactical vest, army rucksack, ,Molle pouches, weapon case , army sleeping bag, elbow and knee pad,, army boot ,pistol belt ,sweater and other military survival equipment .We always offer the customer high quality products ,competitive price and We strongly believe in establishing long-term business relationship based on trust and client’s satisfaction. We warmly welcome you to visit us.

[scottdonaldinfo]

Jiangsu Langdun Police Equipment Brings A Wide Range Of High-Quality Equipment For The Police And Military

Jiangsu Province, China (Aug 19, 2020) - Everyone would agree that police officers have the most stressful, dangerous, and hardest tasks in the world. They are constantly dealing with life-threatening situations and require the right equipment to do their job safely. Of all the items, ballistic vests are the most important. These are popularly known as bulletproof vests and are often the only thing between an officer and a bullet. Several officers have been saved through the use of Chinas bulletproof clothing.

Police officers also need utility belts during their work. Usually, police officers carry several small items with them at all times. Utility belts are the best way to carry multitudes of small items together. They also carry alternative protection devices like stun guns in places where the threat of violence is relatively low.

About

Jiangsu Langdun Police Equipment specializes in manufacturing a wide range of military and police recruitment. The company has more than 10 patented products in their portfolio. Some of their main products include body amour, tear gas dispenser, single police equipment, Chinas bulletproof helmet etc. Their manufacturing facility complies with all the legal and environmental regulations.

Visit to explore their range of products https://www.ldpoliceequipment.com/   

Media Contacts

Jiangsu Langdun Police Equipment Co., Ltd.

Tel: [phone]

E-mail: [email protected] Address: No. 62, Jingcheng Station Road, Jingjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China

###

[suntelecomcn]

Several Factors Influencing the Price of Fiber Optic Patch Cords

Today's fiber optic patch cord markets are very complex. The price of a conventional 1 meter SC single core patch cord ranges from $ 0.3 to more than $ 2. What are the reasons for such a big price difference of fiber optic patch cords? Below are the various factors which influence the price of fiber optic patch cords.

1. Different Quality of Raw Materials Fiber optic patch cord is composed of optical cable in the middle and connectors at both ends. The optical cable is made up of four parts from the inside to the outside: fiber, inner sheath, aramid yarn and outer sheath.

(1) Optical Fiber Optical fiber is the core raw material in fiber optic cables. Formal manufacturers generally use grade A fiber cores. Low-cost and inferior cables are often made from grade C or D fiber cores. Sometimes there are cases where OM3-300 fiber is used to pretend to be OM4 fiber. Small factories lack the necessary test equipment for judgment on the quality of optical fiber. Because such optical fibers cannot be identified by the naked eye, problems often encountered during construction are that excessive loss leads to short transmission distance and uneven core diameter leads to the difficulty to butt with pigtails or large loss after butting.

(2) Aramid Yarn Aramid is a new type of high-tech synthetic fiber with super high strength, high-temperature resistance and acid & alkali resistance. Its strength is 5-6 times that of steel wire, and it does not melt or be decomposed at a temperature of 560 degrees. Aramid also has good insulation and anti-aging properties. The invention of aramid is considered to be a very important historical process in the material industry. The main material of current bulletproof vests and military helmets is generally aramid. The purpose of using aramid in indoor fiber optic cables is to protect tight buffer fiber from mechanical tension.

Aramid yarn is roughly divided into Kevlar, imported aramid yarn, domestic aramid yarn and polyester yarn according to the difference of its material. Kevlar is the patented trade name of para-aramid developed by DuPont in the United States, and its price is high. In addition to DuPont, the major foreign aramid yarn manufacturers include Teijin in Japan and Kolon in South Korea. Their prices are lower than DuPont's. As the performance of aramid yarn made in China tends to stabilize, the price is relatively low. Chinese aramid yarn manufacturers mainly include Yantai Tayho, Suzhou Zhaoda, Sinopec Yizheng and Bluestar Chengrand.

Aramid yarn is one of the main cost components of indoor fiber optic cables. Due to the high cost of aramid yarn, inferior indoor cables may be made from fewer strands of aramid yarn or from polyester yarn which is similar in appearance to aramid yarn instead to save costs. The price of polyester yarn is less than one-tenth of that of imported aramid yarn. But polyester yarn can hardly bear any tension so that the optical fiber is easily broken or damaged when laying. Moreover, polyester yarn is not resistant to high temperature and not flame retardant. Based on these characteristics, the way to distinguish aramid yarn and polyester yarn is very simple -- just burn it with fire. The following are burning test videos of aramid yarn and polyester yarn.

                                       Aramid Yarn Burning Test

                                    Polyester Yarn Burning Test

(3) Sheath The outer sheath materials of indoor fiber optic cables are mainly polyvinyl chloride (PVC), flame-retardant PVC, low smoke zero halogen (LSZH) or flame-retardant LSZH. LSZH cable jacket is composed of thermoplastic or thermoset compounds that emit limited smoke and no halogen when exposed to high sources of heat. The price of LSZH is higher than that of PVC. The price of flame-retardant sheath is different according to the flame-retardant grade. The high quality outer sheath should be easy to be peeled off and its appearance should be smooth, bright and elastic. Inferior cable jacket has poor surface roughness, what’s more, it is easy to stick with tight buffer fiber and aramid yarn.

(4) Ferrule

Ferrule is the core component which affects the performance of fiber optic connector. The quality of ferrule directly affects the precise center connection of the two optical fibers. Ferrule is made of ceramic, metal or plastic. Ceramic ferrule is widely used. There are two situations where the quality of connectors is not good due to the ceramic ferrule. ① Using ferrules with a concentricity of 1.5 um instead of 1.0 um for production. Rotating connector to adjust the position of cores during the test in order to make loss value appear to enter qualified range. ② Using recycled ferrules. Since second-hand ferrules have already undergone a grinding process when they are first made into connectors, the exposed length of the ferrules may be too short which will cause large access loss when they are used again.

2. Different Technical Standards (1) Fiber End Face As shown in the figure below, the fiber end face is divided into three areas ABC. There must be no spots, scratches or other defects in the fiber core area A and the fiber cladding area B on the high-quality end face. Otherwise, they will cause obstacles to optical signal transmission and affect the values of insertion loss and return loss.

(2) Insertion Loss & Return Loss The optical performance of fiber optic connectors is mainly measured by two basic parameters, insertion loss and return loss. Insertion Loss (IL) refers to the optical power loss caused by the connection. It describes the optical loss between two fixed points in the fiber, usually generated by the horizontal deviation between two fibers, the vertical gap between two connectors or end face quality. The unit is expressed in decibels (dB). And the value of IL is generally required to be less than or equal to 0.3dB. Return Loss (RL) refers to the parameter of signal reflection performance which describes the power loss of optical signal return or reflection. The unit is also expressed in decibels (dB). The typical RL value of a general APC connector is about 60dB, and for a UPC connector, it is about 50dB. During the IL and RL test of Sun Telecom's fiber optic connector, each end is continuously measured 3 times. Each measurement value meets the following requirements, and the insertion loss change is less than 0.2dB. The average value of 3 times will be recorded if it is necessary to record the actual value.

(3) Plug Stability According to the IEC 61753-1 standard, the plugging durability of fiber optic connectors should be greater than or equal to 500 times, and the change in insertion loss should be less than or equal to 0.2dB. The attenuation of inferior connectors will increase after repeated plugging and unplugging many times. Therefore, plugging durability is usually considered to be one of the most important indicators reflecting the stability of fiber optic connectors.

3. Different Strengths of Manufacturers The production steps of fiber optic patch cords can be divided into three parts: an assembly of cables and connectors, end face polishing, inspection and testing. The production of high-quality fiber optic patch cords has high requirements for many aspects. There are many factors that affect the quality and price of patch cords, such as the efficiency of production scale, the automation of the production equipment, the completeness and accuracy of test instruments, the proficiency of operators, the quality control ability and the lean production site management ability, etc. All in all, when choosing a fiber optic patch cord supplier, you should consider the cost performance and the supplier's product quality, technical strength and service quality, not just the cheapest price. As a professional fiber optic solutions provider, Sun Telecom not only provides cost-effective fiber optic patch cords, but also offers turnkey solutions for helping build an integrated or sectional patch cord production line based on more than 30 years of experience.

#suntelecom fiberopticsolution telecommunication patchcords price

[supershiba123-blog]

Phenolic Resins Market Analysis, Trends, Growth, Size, Share, Forecast 2020 to 2026

The global phenolic resins market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of nearly 5.6% during the forecast period. Emerging applications across major industries, including electrical and electronics, consumer goods, automotive, and others are primarily driving the market growth. Phenolic resins can be applied for the development of several kinds of substrates that are used in the production of electrical laminates. Electrical laminates have several applications ranging from electronic components that are used in printed circuit boards to electrical isolation materials utilized in electrical machinery, generators, and transformers. In the textile industry, laminates that possess electrical isolation properties are used primarily in tubes owing to their extreme dielectric strength.

Request a Free Sample of our Report on Phenolic Resins Market: https://www.omrglobal.com/request-sample/phenolic-resins-market

Electrical laminates are produced as per the global and national standards. Apart from EN 60893, German DIN 7735 and the USA NEMA LI-1 standards are of specific importance. A considerable amount of resin is used to produce substrates which makes the laminates hydrophobic. Phenolic resin possesses better chemical and corrosive resistance and maintains its strength at high temperatures, and resists creep under load. These resins are extensively used in household appliances owing to their excellent thermal and dimensional stability, and electrical resistance, as well as resistance to solvents and water. The structural composite gratings and pipes manufacturers for applications in offshore oilrigs use phenolic resins, as there is a constant threat of fire in offshore oil rigs.

Phenolic resins are also useful to design glassy carbon articles including rocket nozzles, heat shields for missiles, crucibles for melting rare earth metals, special analytical electrodes, and very high-temperature bearings and seals. Automotive applications of phenolic resins include brake linings, clutch facings, and brake blocks and pads. Further, the rising demand for lightweight materials in vehicles is supporting the adoption of phenolic resins. Phenolic resins are lightweight, provides superior corrosion and temperature resistance up to 300 - 350°C, and fine machinable. This, in turn, is contributing to the adoption of phenolic resins in the automotive industry.

In aerospace and defense, the adoption of phenolic resin-based composites has increased over the years. Armor and panels for ships and boats, military vehicles, and personal protective equipment including bulletproof jackets and helmets require extreme strength with properties including excellent flame, smoke and toxicity (FST) performance and fire resistance. Composites produced from phenolic resins incorporate such characteristics and meet a range of military standards. Composites based on phenolic resin-based are ideal for both exterior and interior applications and can be processed through compression molding or pre-preg. Excellent properties of phenolic resins have emerged its applications in several industries, which, in turn, is contributing to the growth of the global phenolic resins market.

A Full Report of Phenolic Resins Market is Available at https://www.omrglobal.com/industry-reports/phenolic-resins-market

Global Phenolic Resins Market- Segmentation

By Product Type

Novolac

Resol

Others

By Application

Adhesive

Molding

Insulation

Coatings

Laminates

Others

By End-Use Industry

Automotive     and Transportation

Aerospace     and Defense

Building     and Construction

Electrical     and Electronics

Consumer     Goods

Others

Global Phenolic Resins Market– Segment by Region 

North America           

US

Canada

Europe

Germany

UK

France

Spain

Italy

Rest of     Europe

Asia-Pacific    

China

Japan

India

Rest of     Asia-Pacific

Rest of the World

Latin     America

Middle     East and Africa

Company Profiles

·        Arclin, Inc.

·        Ashland Global Holdings Inc.

·        ASK Chemicals GmbH

·        BASF SE

·        Changshu South-East Plastic Co., Ltd.

·        DIC Corp.

·        Dujodwala Paper Chemicals Ltd.

·        Fenolit d.d.

·        Hexcel Corp.

·        Hexion Inc.

·        Kangnam Chemical Co.‚ Ltd.

·        Koch Industries, Inc.

·        KOLON Industries, Inc.

·        Kraton Corp.

·        Lerg S.A.

For More Customized Data, Request for Report Customization @ https://www.omrglobal.com/report-customization/phenolic-resins-market

About us:

Orion Market Research (OMR) is a market research and consulting company known for its crisp and concise reports. The company is equipped with an experienced team of analysts and consultants. OMR offers quality syndicated research reports, customized research reports, consulting and other research-based services.

For More Information, Visit https://www.omrglobal.com/

Media Contact:

Company Name: Orion Market Research

Contact Person: Mr. Anurag Tiwari

Email: [email protected]  

Contact no: [phone]

#phenolicresinsmarket #phenolicresinsmarketshare #phenolicresinsmarketsize

[floridaindependentblog]

Polycarbonate and lucite are grouped under different types of plastic. Despite these items being referred to as plastics, they have different characteristics. They are most times compared to each other due to their similarities in appearance and the fact that they are the most common see-through plastics you can find in the market.

One of the important points you should know is that polycarbonate sheets have more high tensile strengths, while lucite sheets, also known as acrylic, are shinier. However, when compared to other materials like glass, both plastic materials weigh way less than half but provide more strength than glass. Besides, they are easy to clean as well.

To begin with, we will discuss the unique features of polycarbonate and lucite before proceeding to contrast them.

What Makes Up These Plastics?

Polycarbonate and lucite plastics are regarded as polymers. What does this term mean? Polymers are materials that are constructed from various molecules which are connected together in long chains. Hence, based on the molecules that make up these materials and their structures, polycarbonate and lucite act, look, and feel different. The process involved in creating these polymers is referred to as polymerization.

What properties make up these plastic materials? When phosgene COCL2 is combined with bisphenol A, the reaction generated is used to create polycarbonate. On the other hand, acetone cyanohydrin is produced by the reaction generated when acetone is combined with sodium cyanide. Acetone cyanohydrin is reacted with methyl alcohol, also known as methanol, to produce methyl methacrylate.

Types Of Polycarbonate And Lucite Plastic Sheets

Due to the unique properties, these polymers possess and the various manufacturing processes they undergo, they are produced in different forms designed to meet various applications. We will take a look at some of the different types of polycarbonate and lucite plastic sheets:

Polycarbonate plastic sheets are available in clear, coloured, mirrored, tinted, abrasion-resistant, bulletproof, flame retardant, multiwall, FDA approved, and anti-static. Conversely, the types of lucite (acrylic) sheets include clear, coloured and fluorescent, light-diffusing, bullet resistant, mirrored, abrasion-resistant, black and white, block, anti-static and non-glare, and UV filtering and transmitting.

Depending on what application would be needed, you can choose either polycarbonate or lucite plastic sheets. This brings us to their various uses.

The Applications Of Polycarbonate And Lucite Plastic Sheets

There are several applications polycarbonate and lucite materials provide in various industries. Polycarbonate plastics are used to manufacture skylights, safety and vandal-resistant windows, outdoor signs, windshields, diffusers and light pipes for LEDs, electronic components, machinery guards, construction materials, reusable drinking bottles, data storage, football and hockey helmet visors, and many more.

On the other hand, lucite plastics can be applied to manufacture signage, furniture, accent walls, point-of-purchase (POP) displays, the interior layer of storm window linings, light covers, residential and commercial aquariums, spectator protection for ice hockey rinks, animal and reptile enclosure, riot control shields, medical technologies and implants.

How Do They Differ From Each Other

In this section, we will compare some of the unique qualities of both Polycarbonate and lucite plastic sheets.

Polycarbonate

Polycarbonate, also known as Makrolon or Lexan, is 30 times stronger than acrylic and has a resistance that is 250 times greater than glass.

It is able to transmit light by up to 88%.

Polycarbonate plastics have more flexibility and are available in different grades.

This polymer can be used even in temperatures of 240°F.

The level of flammability is low.

It is highly durable which makes it resistant to cracks and chips.

It can not be damaged by acid and other chemicals.

You can drill the material without worrying about cracks.

Polycarbonate sheets can be formed and bent without the application of heat.

Width varies from 38” to 75”, while the length varies 78” to 150”.

Lucite

Lucite sheets are not as expensive as polycarbonate and glass.

It has a resistance 17 times greater than glass.

This polymer has one of the highest clarity, being able to transmit light by up to 92%.

Resistant to discolouration.

Works in temperatures of 180°F.

It can be polished to give a shiny look.

Provides durability against dents and scratches.

Easy to cut and bend with heat.

Available in various colours.

It can be recycled.

Width varies from 48” to 108”, while the length varies from 72” to 192”.

The post POLYCARBONATE VS LUCITE: All You Need To Know appeared first on Florida Independent.

#Web Guide

[holyheartdefendor]

PASGT Ballistic Helmet | Bulletproof Helmet

PASGT Ballistic Helmet is designed to protect against ballistic threats and fragments with improved comfort and is used by Law Enforcement and Military Personnel.

Features:

High ballistic performance with low weight

4 point harness improves comfort, balance and stress fatigue

The ergonomic design of the internal harness provides ultimate comfort and fits most head sizes.

H Win is a leading bulletproof helmet manufacturer and supplier. Since the company's foundation, they have been keenly dedicated to consistently improving its product quality and service.

For more information visit here - https://www.hwinbulletproof.com/

#bulletproof helmet supplier #Bulletproof Helmet Manufacturer #bulletproof helmet Manufacturers and Suppliers

[bharatiyamedia-blog]

Some overseas corporations eager to arrange vegetation in India to provide uncooked supplies for bulletproof jackets: NITI Aayog

http://tinyurl.com/yxqwmjrr In a lift to the Centre’s ‘Make In India’ drive, 4 to 5 abroad firms have evinced curiosity in organising vegetation in India to supply a number of the uncooked supplies used for manufacturing bulletproof jackets for the Military, a NITI Aayog member stated on June 23. V Ok Saraswat, who can be a former DRDO chief, stated Indian firms producing bulletproof jackets import Chinese language uncooked supplies resulting from worth benefit. “There are efforts happening now to ask collaboration from overseas firms who’re keen to arrange firms in India to provide a number of the uncooked supplies used for manufacturing bulletproof jackets for the Military. “Up to now, 4 to 5 overseas firms have proven curiosity to arrange models in India. It will likely be untimely to provide their names at this stage,” the NITI Aayog member stated. The Prime Minster’s Workplace (PMO) had requested the NITI Aayog to arrange a street map for “incentivising” home manufacturing of light-weight physique armours (bulletproof jackets). The Bureau of Indian Requirements (BIS) has additionally finalised high quality norms for physique armours for use by Indian forces, in accordance with Saraswat. He stated it has been agreed that future tendering of bulletproof jackets can be as per BIS norms. Representational picture. Reuters In line with authorities projections, greater than three lakh bulletproof jackets can be required by Indian armed forces, Saraswat stated, including that “based mostly on that, armed forces have already positioned order with non-public firms in India for manufacturing of bulletproof jackets”. Indian firms had been earlier procuring uncooked supplies for bulletproof jackets from the US and Europe. Now, most of them are being obtained from China resulting from decrease costs. The concept of producing light-weight physique armours in India was mooted because the bulletproof vests at the moment in use by the Indian forces are very heavy. Indian firms like Kanpur-based MKU and Tata Superior Supplies export physique armours to armed forces of many international locations. If the light-weight bulletproof vests and helmets are produced in bulk within the nation, it would guarantee low-cost provides and finish to the infinite await overseas distributors to provide the tools. Your information to the most recent cricket World Cup tales, evaluation, studies, opinions, dwell updates and scores on https://www.firstpost.com/firstcricket/series/icc-cricket-world-cup-2019.html. Observe us on Twitter and Instagram or like our Facebook web page for updates all through the continued occasion in England and Wales. !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function() {n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)} ; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window,document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '259288058299626'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); (function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "http://connect.facebook.net/en_GB/all.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.9&appId=1117108234997285"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); window.fbAsyncInit = function () { FB.init({appId: '1117108234997285', version: 2.4, xfbml: true}); // *** here is my code *** if (typeof facebookInit == 'function') { facebookInit(); } }; (function () { var e = document.createElement('script'); e.src = document.location.protocol + '//connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js'; e.async = true; document.getElementById('fb-root').appendChild(e); }()); function facebookInit() { console.log('Found FB: Loading comments.'); FB.XFBML.parse(); } Source link

[manishbloggerworld-blog]

Insights on Kevlar

Kevlar is a type of plastic with a very high tensile strength. The molecules are aligned parallel to each other and are very tightly bound, making the material bulletproof.

Stone Age man used wood, leaves, stone, tree sap and metal (eventually) for their survival. We use mattresses made of straw, cotton, foam or rubber and sometimes metal springs. Bed frames are typically made of wood or metal. Pillows are composed of feathers, bed sheets and pillow covers are cotton or linen, and thick blankets contain layers of cloth and even electrical components for heating purposes.

Not only do we still use many natural materials, but we also use a wide range of synthetic (man-made) materials. Plastics are perhaps the most prominent of these synthetic materials and have a very wide range of applications. They are used to make polythene bags, plastic chairs, Tupperware, bottles and drinking straws (among thousands of other items), while extremely strong plastics like Kevlar are used to make aircraft parts and bulletproof materials!

What is Kevlar?

Kevlar, as mentioned earlier, is a synthetic material manufactured by a chemical company called DuMont. Scientifically speaking, Kevlar is basically poly-para-phenelyne-terephthalamide.

Kevlar Structure

Kevlar is a polymer, which means that it has units that are repeating and bound together to form a much bigger molecule. In the case of Kevlar, the repeating units form chains. These chains line up parallel to each other on their own, just like Liquid Crystals (used in the making of LCD TVs), showing what is known as nematic behavior. The chains are cross-linked with hydrogen bonds, which is what gives the material its super high-tensile strength.

When the polymer is in a very and hot concentrated form, it is forced through a sieve, which gives rise to long and thick fibers that are woven into super-stiff mats or sheets. This material is now called Kevlar.

Kevlar comes in many types; mainly, there are different grades of Kevlar that vary in quality. The most commonly used ones are Kevlar K29 and Kevlar K49.

What is Kevlar used for?

As expected, Kevlar is used for many things. Its industrial applications include being used to make hoses, belts and reinforcement materials. It can also be used to make parts of aircrafts, support ship hulls and reinforce tires.

It’s also used in the making of sports equipment, such as canoe hulls, race car parts, snowboards, skateboards and surfboards, as well as in the making of safety equipment like gloves and motor sport helmets.

Most famously, it is used in the making of bulletproof vests, helmets and other lightweight military equipment. Riding shoes, firefighting apparel, body armor and body pads also rely on Kevlar’s unique qualities.

Kevlar- A Bulletproof material

What makes bullets so incredibly damaging is their very high speed. Of course, speed ranges from gun to gun, but they all move pretty fast! Rifles have bullets with a much higher speed and hence more penetrating power than bullets shot from revolvers.

Bulletproof materials work by absorbing the Kinetic Energy of the fired shot and dissipating it so that the speed of the bullet reduces to nearly zero, which decreases the penetrating power and damage that is done.

When a bullet hits a Kevlar vest, it gets caught in the web of strong fibers, which absorbs and dissipates the energy, drastically reducing the impact of the bullet. This happens because the fibers are lined up so tightly that it takes a great deal of energy to separate them. Sometimes, the vest is strong enough to cause the the bullets that hit it to become distorted or bent.

Obviously, the more layers of Kevlar sheets, the greater the absorption power. Depending on the grade of Kevlar used and the number of layers, vests can more or less be made bulletproof.

These vests are also used as armor against knives and daggers for similar reasons. Another added advantage is their light weight compared to their steel counterparts, which were once worn by medieval Knights.

Conclusion

Kevlar is obviously a fantastic material, but it does have certain disadvantages. It is obviously very expensive, as it is difficult to make. In order for it to be used more publicly and exhaustively, new techniques in the manufacturing process must be found to make it less expensive. Kevlar also has a poor compressive property, so innovations must be made to increase that element of this material. Although its biggest advantage is its super-high tensile strength, this also makes it incapable of flexibility, which is obviously very important for movement when it is used to make vests or bodysuits.

Discoveries and inventions continue to be made concerning Kevlar, as it is a very important material and could have groundbreaking applications. Many years from now, you might be wearing Kevlar suits on a daily basis just because you’re a clumsy person that falls over too often. Your car may even have Kevlar-protected bumpers.

#kevlar #sheets #industrial

[yoursupercable]

Seven factors to judge the quality of photovoltaic line

Solar energy technology will become one of the future green energy technologies. Solar energy cable is being widely used in China. In addition to the rapid development of government-supported photovoltaic power stations, private investors are also actively constructing power stations and plan to put them into production and sell them globally. Solar modules. How to choose fiber optic cable for us?

         1. Optical fiber: Formal photovoltaic cable manufacturers usually use Class A core wires from large factories. Some low-cost and low-quality optical cables usually use Class C, Class D optical fibers and smuggled optical fibers from unknown sources. These optical fibers take a long time to leave the factory due to their complex sources. , It often becomes wet and discolored, and single-mode fiber is often mixed into multi-mode fiber. Usually, small factories lack the necessary test equipment to judge the quality of the optical fiber. Because this kind of optical fiber cannot be distinguished by the naked eye, the common problems encountered in construction are: narrow bandwidth and short transmission distance; uneven thickness and cannot be connected to the pigtail; the optical fiber lacks flexibility and will break when bent. 2. External: Indoor optical cables usually use polyethylene or flame-retardant polyethylene. The appearance should be smooth, bright, soft and easy to peel off. The outer skin of inferior fiber optic cable is not smooth, and it is not easy to adhere to the inside of tight sleeve and aramid fiber.         The PE sheath of the outdoor optical cable should be made of high-quality black polyethylene. After the cable is formed, the outer skin is smooth, bright, uniform in thickness and free of small bubbles. Inferior fiber optic cable sheaths are usually made of recyclable materials, which can save a lot of cost. The sheath of this optical cable is not smooth. Because there are many impurities in the raw materials, the outer skin of the fiber optic cable made has many very small pits. water.

3. Aramid: also known as aramid, is a high-strength chemical fiber. Currently, it is used most in the military industry. Military helmets and bulletproof vests are made of this material. Currently, only DuPont and Akzo of the Netherlands can produce them, and the price is about 300,000 tons. Both PV wire and overhead power cables (ADSS) use aramid yarn as reinforcement. Due to the high cost of aramid, inferior indoor optical cables usually have very thin outer diameters, which can save costs by using fewer aramid bundles. This kind of optical cable breaks easily when passing through the tube. Since ADSS optical cable determines the amount of aramid in the optical cable according to the span and the wind speed per second, it is usually afraid to cut corners. 4. Loose tube: The loose tube of optical fiber in the optical cable should be made of PBT material with high strength, no deformation and no aging. Inferior fiber optic cables usually use PVC as the sleeve. The outer diameter of such a sleeve is very thin and is flattened by pinching it by hand. It is a bit like a straw for drinking beverages. 5. Steel armor: Conventional production companies use double-sided brushed anti-rust paint longitudinally wrapped pattern steel strips. Inferior optical cables are made of ordinary iron sheet and usually only one side is rust-proofed. 6. Fiber paste: The fiber paste in outdoor optical cables can prevent the oxidation of optical fibers. Due to the ingress of moisture and humidity, the fiber paste used in the inferior fiber is very small, which seriously affects the service life of the fiber.

7. Reinforced steel wire: The steel wire of the outdoor optical cable of the conventional manufacturer is phosphated and the surface is gray. Such steel wire will not increase hydrogen loss, rust, and has high strength after the cable is connected. Inferior fiber optic cables are usually replaced by thin iron or aluminum wires. The identification method is very easy-it is white in appearance and can be bent at will when pinched by hand. The optical cable produced with this kind of steel wire has a large hydrogen loss. After a long time, the ends of the suspended optical cable box will rust and break.

[inhandnetworks-blog]

The Amazing Pro m2m iot  perties of Cornstarch and Water

www.inhandnetworks.com

At the right ratio, a blend of water and cornstarch displays some mysterious qualities. It’s a liquid until you throw a bowling ball on it. Then it solidifies at the point of impact and the ball bounces off. You can find scores of online videos posted by transformer monitoring   people running on the substance, only to sink into after stopping.

The substance – also known as “oobleck” in tribute to a Dr. Seuss story – makes for great party tricks, but researchers believe it could have a lot more practical applications, such as using it to make protecti Industrial router ve gear. The phenomenon happens when liquid is mixed with other substances made of small particles (about 10 microns each). Corn starch is most commonly used because it’s cheap and mass-produced. Researchers believe the solid state is created when the suspended particles gather at the point of impact, but there are still many questions about how and why it behaves the way it does.

In the lab of Eric Brown, assistant professor of mechanical engineering & materials science & physics, researchers have come one step closer to figuring out how it works. Specifically, they looked at how the substance returns to liquid after solidifying. The process turns out to be very different from what traditional models would have predicted. Their research is published this week in Physical Review Fluids.

In the field of rheology (the study of fluid properties), standard thinking about Newtonian liquids (such as water and other common fluids) states that the substances should “relax” or go back to liquid form within milliseconds. But tests in the lab find that the unjamming process for the particles actually takes about one second – several times longer than previously expected.

“It not only deviates from the theory, it deviates magnificently,” said Rijan Maharjan, a graduate student in Brown’s lab and lead author of the paper.

This discovery also goes a long way toward explaining what gives the substance its remarkable properties.

“If it was to melt in a millisecond, as the old model predicted, then someone running on it would sink instead of being able to run across it as a solid,” said Brown.

The solidifying effect of the cornstarch-water mix may be related to a phenomenon known as shear thickening in which impacts and other stresses cause certain fluids to change properties. Because the cornsta VPN gateway  rch mix has a unique response to stresses, Brown’s lab uses a special device to measure these effects in which a high-speed camera captures what happens when a rod is jammed into a container of the solution.

The researchers’ newest discovery about the relaxing of the particles is an importance piece of the puzzle as far as putting this substance to use. There are early versions of self-healing bulletproof vests and bike helmets, for instance, but expanding the range of applications requires more specifics about the physics of the material. With more details, predictive models unique to the substance can be created.

“If we want to design a certain kind of impact-protective gear, what material do we use?” he said. “If we understand, for example, how different material properties affect the behavior, then we can know that a particular material would be really good to resist a certain amount of force.”

Publication: Rijan Maharjan and Eric Brown, “Giant deviation of a relaxation time from generalized Newtonian theory in discontinuous shear thickening suspensions,” Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 2017; doi:10.1103/PhysRevFluids.2.123301

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