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whatisonthemoon · 11 months

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What Was Japan’s Lost Decade? How Did It Happen?

What Was Japan’s Lost Decade? How Did It Happen? (December 12, 2022) Japan, stuck in a liquidity trap, faced a particularly deep economic crisis between 1991 and 2001.

What Was Japan’s Lost Decade?

Between 1991 and 2001, Japan’s once red-hot economy was in trouble. An asset bubble had formed in both its housing and stock markets, and when the Bank of Japan implemented a series of steep interest rate hikes as a way to tame inflationary pressures, you could almost hear the bubble pop.

Japan’s stock market tanked, and asset prices fell. Several big banks, which were overleveraged with speculative investments, either failed outright or needed to be bailed out by the government. Businesses folded, and unemployment rose. Japan became mired in a decade-long recession.

The country was actually experiencing a liquidity trap: It seemed like everything Japan’s central bank did to help didn’t work. Interest rates were cut, but fearful for the future, Japan’s citizens sat on their savings instead of spending them.

The government tried instituting large-scale public works projects, similar to what U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt implemented during the Great Depression, but that only increased Japan’s budget deficit. Finally, its central bank injected huge supplies of yen into the markets through quantitative easing, which lasted for five years. This, along with the resultant inflation, effectively got Japan’s citizens spending again, and the country began a slow recovery.

What Caused Japan’s Lost Decade?

The poster child of 20th-century economic growth, Japan had transformed itself from a largely agricultural nation in the 1960s to the world’s second-largest economy by the 1980s. Japan had figured out ways to make high-quality products cheaply, and these products found their way all over the world.

People sported Sony Walkmans on the street and drove Japanese cars around town. Kids watched Japanese cartoons on Japanese-made televisions. Movies like Shogun dominated the box office, and corporate success manuals extolled the virtues of “Japan, Inc.” Everyone wanted to know Japan’s secret.

A lot of it had to do with how Japan’s businesses were structured. They followed the traditional concept of the keiretsu, a close-knit network of business interests centered around a main bank. These groups took majority shareholder interests in one another instead of being financed through stocks or bonds, and as such, this “socially controlled” investment provided the perfect conditions to nurture, test, and perfect new ideas before they were brought to the larger market.

One well-known keiretsu is the Mitsubishi Group, composed of the MUFG Bank, Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and the Mitsubishi Corporation. Together, it employs over 80,000 people in the automotive, energy, chemicals, and food industries—essentially acting as its own supply chain.

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the Japanese Ministry of International Trade & Industry allowed easy credit to the keiretsu, in addition to a period of protection from foreign competition, so that their businesses would have time to become cost-effective production powerhouses. Once they gained dominance in their respective industries, the businesses would embark on export programs, which is how Japan’s electronics, computer, automotive, and aircraft industries grew so quickly.

Growing hand-in-hand with Japan’s successful businesses was a booming stock market. The Nikkei Stock Average hit an all-time high of 38,916 on December 29, 1989. In addition, real estate grew incredibly valuable—commercial land prices rose over 300% between 1985 and 1991, and it was said that one square mile in Tokyo’s government center was worth more than the entire state of California. A bubble had formed; that was plain to see.

As asset prices grew, so did speculation, particularly in real estate, which was financed largely by corporate stock profits. Banks were lending and not looking twice. Sometimes, collateral was not even required.

Depositors thought they were in safe hands because Japan’s banks were backed by the government, and in turn, the banks believed the government wouldn’t let them fail, so they bundled these deposits into packages of ever-higher rates of interest and risk, and sold them to speculators.

Worried about inflationary pressures, and attempting to quell the bubble, the Bank of Japan began a series of steep interest rate increases from 2.5% to 4.25% at the end of 1989, and then to 6% in 1990. But since rising rates made borrowing more expensive, speculators quickly defaulted on their investments.

Several of Japan’s biggest keiretsu banks began to fail, threatening to take entire industries down with them. The stock market nosedived. By December 1990—just one year from its all-time height—the Nikkei had lost over 43% of its value.

What Happened During Japan’s Lost Decade?

Between 1991 and 2001, Japan’s economy entered a deep recession. GDP declined, and borrowers became insolvent. Big banks failed, including the Hokkaido Takushoku Bank, the Long-Term Credit Bank of Japan, and Nippon Credit Bank. The days of easy credit from banking networks were long gone, and to a large effect, the keiretsu unraveled.

Some businesses went under; in others, production simply slowed, but they lost their competitive edge as a result. The country, which once had guaranteed employment for life, now struggled with unemployment—which affected recent grads and young workers most significantly.

Consumer confidence plummeted, demand declined, and deflation took hold—it was a dangerous mix.

How Did Japan Recover From Its Lost Decade?

It seemed like everything Japan’s central bank tried to do to help didn’t work: Interest rates were slashed to zero, and kept there for a very long time; still, the recession continued. Land prices dropped 15% in some of Japan’s largest cities, which meant that homeowners owed more than their homes were worth.

The Japanese government tried to instill confidence through large-scale stimulus packages. It built new roads and bridges, even when they weren’t completely necessary, and by doing so, created new jobs. These efforts helped boost the economy, but it wasn’t enough to lift it out of the malaise—in fact, they just added to the country’s deficit in the long run.

What finally helped was the quantitative easing program Japan’s central bank began in 2001, which would last until 2006. By 2003, GDP reached a healthy 2% clip, and exports grew once again, due in large part to China’s emergence into the global marketplace, since many of China’s products depended on Japanese parts.

What Lessons Can Other Economies Learn from Japan’s Lost Decade?

The 2007–2008 Financial Crisis had shades of Japan’s Lost Decade written all over it: This time, the asset bubble was created by the U.S. housing market, fueled by toxic subprime mortgages. When the Federal Reserve began a series of interest rate hikes, many subprime borrowers, whose loans were tied to adjustable-rate mortgages, quickly saw their monthly bills shoot up, and millions of homeowners defaulted as a result.

Banks had made profits by pooling these loans into mortgage-backed securities, which were traded by investment banks around the world, and as the mortgages imploded, a series of dominoes began to fall, which affected investors up the ranks of the securities markets: Banks experienced a credit crunch, and investment banks, such as Lehman Brothers, declared insolvency. The crisis affected financial markets around the world and would usher in the Great Recession.

With Ben Bernanke at the helm, the Federal Reserve took notes from past crises and acted swiftly—and by doing so, some say Bernanke helped to avoid deflation and the economic stagnation that had plagued Japan for so long.

The Fed cut the Fed funds rate to 0% for an unprecedented 6-year period between 2008 and 2014. It also implemented a series of quantitative easing measures. The U.S. Congress approved a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), which provided emergency aid to banks as well as underwater borrowers. In 2010, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act was passed, safeguarding consumers from predatory home lenders and limiting banks to the amount of speculative trading they could undertake.

The U.S. economy was jump-started again by the middle of 2009—quite a speedy turnaround compared to Japan’s.

Related links below

Reverend Moon Rises Above Ailing Businesses (1999) Washington Post: Moon’s Japanese Profits Bolster Efforts in U.S. (1984) Japan & US at G7 can bask in multilateral momentum (2023)

The Lingering Tragedy of Japan’s Lost Generation by Roland Kelts (on Tetsuya Yamgami and the "lost generation") US, Philippines, Japan set to hold first-ever joint naval drills (2023) Japan to join Salaknib drills between PH, US armies (2023) Even in South Korea, Few Know Extent of Rev. Moon’s Empire (1988) US-Funding in Post-War Japan Why do these Japanese UC women agree to these brokered marriages?

#history #japan #japanese politics #economy #china #neoliberalism #japanese culture #politics #capitalism #lost generation #lost decades #lost decade

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kawaiicowboycandy · 3 years

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Mitsubishi Outlander Phev User Manual Pdf

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Mitsubishi Group is a Japanese conglomerate, one of the first zaibatsu. The largest companies in its composition are Mitsubishi Corporation, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (which, in turn, includes the automobile giant Mitsubishi Motors, chemical concern Mitsubishi Chemical, Nikon Corporation and other industrial assets). The headquarters are in Tokyo.

Initially, the company was engaged in the production and repair of ships, as well as coal mining for ships and marine insurance. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, Mitsubishi became a large company, which until the end of the Second World War belonged to one family.

For the entire history of the company, the most expensive development and model remains the Mitsubishi 3000GT sports car, it’s Mitsubishi GTO and Dodge Stealth for the American market. In blind execution the car was painted by the famous Italian design bureau Pininfarina, due to what he was nicknamed “the Japanese Ferrari”.

Mitsubishi 3000GT

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Verada Toppo Bj Toppo Bj Wide Town Box Town Box Wide

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oldmotors · 4 years

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The debut of the original #RangeRover was a major leap forward for Land Rover and a big success, even if it didn’t reach America as planned. But what followed was … crickets. Traditional markets dried up, new competitors arrived, and British Leyland’s problems meant Land Rover was largely ignored for most of the 1970s. It wasn’t until 1978 that Land Rover was spun off into its own corporate entity and investment returned. The updates began with a 4-door RR and the LR 90/110 V8, but that left a big gap between them - one increasingly filled by trucks like the Mitsubishi Shogun. In 1986, work began on their answer - “Project Jay,” which debuted as the 1989 #LandRoverDiscovery. At the time, Land Rover was reorganizing its entire operation. Production was consolidated at Solihull and new efforts were being made to push the RR into new markets - particularly the USA. There was also a replacement for the RR in the works, the nascent P38A project, but “Jay” had priority. Out of cost and time necessity, “Jay” would have to re-use as much of the RR as it could. The RR’s 1987 American debut was a smash hit, which justified giving the Jay the financial go-ahead that August. The engineers were given just 24 months to get it into production. Re-using RR bits made that possible, but It did put limits on some things - the steeply raked windshield and doors were clearly carry-overs and LR fretted about cannibalizing RR sales, but a large team at LR cleverly styled the exterior and the Conran Group provided a fresh-looking, contemporary interior. Created as a “leisure vehicle for yuppies,” in the words of then LR director Chris Woodark, the new truck debuted at Frankfurt in 1989 as the 3-door only Discovery, with Land Rover now the brand. The 5-door was added in 1990. Though based on the RR and with the top-spec cars using the Range’s V8, the #Discovery looked completely different and had an array of lesser engines - a rarely seen 2.0 T-series gas four and 4- and 5-cyl diesels. It was a success right out of the gate. The Disco did not arrive in the USA until its 1994 refresh, and they were sold here (as a 5-door V8 only) as a far more upmarket truck than in the U.K. (at Russian Hill-Vallejo Street Crest District) https://www.instagram.com/p/CEXEqjhlltB/?igshid=mz1kqxbpreg0

#rangerover #landroverdiscovery #discovery

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sheet-music-for-teachers-school · 4 years

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In the Pocket: Danzy Jr. reaches back to past - The Daily Gazette - #reaches #to #Jr. #aePiot

In the Pocket: Danzy Jr. reaches back to past - The Daily Gazette

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tokyototokyo · 5 years

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Day 2, 28th March, Nagasaki

Early morning breakfast for some of us only because we were up and ready to go and not because we had to. We arrived in the dark so now we could see what was around the hotel.

The first cherry blossom tree I have seen on this trip and it was across the road from the hotel.

Love the smart taxis around the place and I’m impressed by the suit and ties the drivers wear as well as the white lacy covers over the back of the seats.

People dress very well in Japan. Lots and lots of suits for the men

Traffic can be bad so you often see double and triple decked roads.

A pretty gray day to start. Down near the harbour where a big cruise ship was moored.

Cherry blossoms.

Typical sight seen in the countryside.

Venting machines are everywhere. This was at a stop we had along the way.

It seems to be common to see groups of men in suits travelling together.

Nagasaki Peace Park was built in 1955 on the epicentre of the Atomic bomb. Nagasaki wasn’t the original target but a city further west. However, the weather was overcast and the plane was running low on fuel so the pilot decided to drop the bomb on the city. 75,000 plus people were killed instantly. Many more died over the following months. The bomb landed on a gaol killing the 132 prisoners. All that is left are the gaols foundations.

Our first group photo in front of the Memorial Statue. The face is based on a Japanese but the body has a more muscular western body which refers to the fact the bomb can affect anyone. The finger pointing up is in fear of further bombs and the arm out to the side is indicating no more bombs. The eyes half shut is indicating meditation.

Crane memorial full of paper cranes.

Paper cranes for peace.

There was a lot of help for the city after the war from other parts of Japan as well as from many countries. There are a number of statues around the park indicating what countries gave help.

Angel wing fountain in the Park.

This man was 88 but was only 14 when the bomb was dropped. He was badly burnt and hit with glass. After he recovered he travelled to other parts of the world describing his experience. He spends time in the Park now talking to tourists. Water was a huge problem after the bomb drooped as it was in short supply and that was what all the survivors were begging for.

We watered the plants as an offering of water to the survivors.

Christine and Inosuke Hayasaki. He had been working at the Mitsubishi Arms Plant about 1.1kms north of the hypocenter. When the bomb dropped he was blown behind a pillar, which blocked the heat ray and the blast. Only the man and one other from 32 workers survived. His boss died on the spot.

Lovely flowers along the walkways.

Al taking a photo of Balty.

This was a wall remanent from the Urakami Cathedral which was located about 500 metres northeast of the atomic bomb. The construction of the church began in 1895 and was completed in 1914. The wall was all that remained and was moved to the Peace Park.

Memorial for those killed in the centre of where the bomb was dropped.

I think by the end of this trip we will be cherry blossomed out but the displays are beautiful.

Mother and child. A maternity hospital was hit by the bomb and this statue was erected in memory of the women and babies who were killed. The time and date of the bomb was listed underneath.

Group photo. Two in one day is a bit of a record and I think everyone was in both.

Nagasaki isn’t that attractive generally. It was pretty built up and gray looking.

Love these cute little van cars which are all over.

Everywhere you go there are always people wearing masks. Some to protect themselves against germs and also to protect other people from their germs.

For lunch we headed to a building with shops and lots and lots of restaurants. Each restaurant displayed the samples of their food but all done with plastic. There must be a big market for plastic food in Japan.

In 1571, Portuguese ships arrived at the harbour and since then Nagasaki has continued to develop as an international city. In 1636 under the orders of the Tokugawa Shogun, The Dejima was constructed by the efforts of 25 influential merchants at the tip of the cape of Nagasaki. The Portuguese were housed in the Dejima. Later the Dutch trading post in Hiradoat the time was moved to the Dejima and the exchange between Japan and Holland continued until the end of the Edo period. The Dejima fulfilled an important role as the only trading Port between Japan and Europe, the centre for Dutch study and the source for necessary information towards the modernisation of Japan.

Samurais were warriors and worked for the Shoguns.

Chief Factor’s Residence

Lantern and hats.

One of the old buildings housed activities from the past. This boy was enjoying drawing with a feather quill.

Walkways.

The former Dejima Protestant Seminary.

Lovely Japanese ladies in their kimonos.

Tulips which are remanents from the Dutch settlement.

Friendly schoolboys in their military styled uniforms. Schools are on Spring Break at the moment. The holiday is usually longer but cut short this year because in May the Emperor is stepping aside for his son to become the new Emperor and there will be lots of National holidays during May. The new Emperor will be the 125 th Emperor since the 1st Century.

Old original wall of a garden. Sue and Cheryl in the background.

Oura Catholic Church which was built in 1875 by the Portuguese to provide a place of worship for Western traders.

Coming out from prayer.

Looking up the side of the Church.

Gwenneth and John

Blossom.

The group milling waiting to go into Glover Garden which was built for Thomas Blake Glover, a Scottish merchant who contributed to the modernization of Japan in shipbuilding, coal mining, and other fields. In it stands the Glover Residence, the oldest Western style house surviving in Japan.

This building is now used as a tea room but was once a Jiyute (cafe).

Lovely walkways

On one of the moving walkways that got us up the hill. There were two outside escalates and two moving walkways in the gardens so a very civilised way of getting up the hill.

Looking over part of the city.

Sara and I on the moving walkway.

This building,now on the top of the hill, was erected in 1898 and served as a domitory for crewmembers whilst their ship underwent repairs. It was known as the Mitsubishi No 2 Dock House. The building was originally adjacent to the dock of the Mitsubishi Nagasaki Shipyard.

The stunning blossoms certainly add colour to the gardens

One of a number of lovely homes in the gardens.

Looking through the garden to the harbour. The gardens were beautiful. It was such a lovely area to walk through.

A statue of Madam Butterfly in the grounds of the garden. The story was based around this part of Japan.

This was a big Holland America ship that was in port.ni can’t get away from these ships. There were quite a few westerners around the port. Japan doesn’t really have immigration or accepts refugees so it’s noticeable when you see anyone that isn’t Japanese.

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hakuouki-history · 7 years

Text

Okada Izo - 2010 Japanese Wiki Entry

From the Japanese-English Bilingual Corpus of Wikipedia’s Kyoto Articles . This is a translation from Okada Izo’s Japanese wiki entry, exactly as it was in 2010. It is taken from PNM02538 in that collection.

For information on the database and how to use it, please check this post.

Just like English wikipedia, none of this information is guaranteed to be accurate. It’s not a current version of the Japanese article either.

This entry is really long, and it refers to a lot of people, groups, and places that you might not be familiar with. Still, I’d suggest any Bakumatsu/Shinsengumi fan to take a look at this entry.

Why? The second part is a list with descriptions of nine different incidents, eight of which happened in Kyoto, in which Sonnou Joui shishi, including Okada Izo, murdered or publicly humiliated their enemies. These include details of gruesome murders, so please be aware of that before reading. This list shows in detail how bad the situation was in the Kyoto of 1862-1863. It’s in this context that the Shinsengumi came to exist. The founding members arrived in Kyoto in early 1863.

The translated sentences used in this service contain English contents which are translated by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) from Japanese sentences on Wikipedia. My use of these translated sentences is licensed by the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0. Please refer to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ or http://alaginrc.nict.go.jp/WikiCorpus/ for details.

Izo OKADA

Izo OKADA (1838 - June 3, 1865) was one of the Bakumatsu Shidai Hitokiri (Four famous assassins of Bakumatsu, end of the Edo Period) who joined the Tosa kinnoto (loyalist clique of Tosa) in his hometown, Tosa Province. He was referred to as 'Hitokiri Izo' (Izo the killer).

His imina (real name) was Yoshifuru.

Biography

He was born in Iwamura, Kami County as the eldest son of Yoshihira OKADA, who was a country samurai that earned 20 koku 6 to 4 sho 5 go in rice. He had a younger brother named Keikichi OKADA who also joined the Kinnoto.

In 1848, his father Yoshihira was enlisted as the domain's ashigaru (common foot soldier) to guard the seaside against ships from overseas that appeared off the coast of Tosa; he continued to live in Shichiken machi inside the castle town, and Izo himself succeeded the status as ashigaru.

He became a pupil of Zuizan (Hanpeita) TAKECHI and studied under Onohaittoryu school. Before becoming a pupil of TAKECHI, he was self-taught in swordplay, but was quite skilled. Following TAKECHI, he went to Edo and studied Kyoshin Meichi ryu at Shigakukan, which was the training hall of Shunzo MOMONOI.

In 1860, he followed TAKECHI and practiced martial arts in the Chugoku district and the Kyushu region. On their way, he stopped at the Oka Domain in Bungo Province, and studied the swordplay of 直指 ryu. Afterwards, he joined Tosa kinnoto which was organized by TAKECHI. For some reason however, he was later crossed off from the name list.

It is not known whether if it was TAKECHI's idea or not, but Izo voluntarily went forward to the scene of the assassination following the instruction of TAKECHI. It is also said that TAKECHI used uneducated Izo merely as an instrument in the assassinations.

Starting with Saichiro INOUE, who was the shita metsuke (low class inspector of foot soldiers) of the Tosa Domain, Izo assassinated, in the name of heaven's punishment, Seiichiro HONMA who was his comrade, Daigaku IKEUCHI, Magoroku MORI, Juzo OGAWARA, Kinzan WATANABE, and Jonosuke UEDA, who were government officials and yoriki (police sergeants) that belonged to the Kyoto City Magistrate, Tatewaki TADA who was the son of Kazue MURAYAMA (she was tied to a bridge and made a public display alive), a mistress of Shuzen NAGANO (who commanded Ansei no Taigoku [suppression of extremists by the Shogunate]). With Shinbei TANAKA of Satsuma Province, he was referred to as 'Hitokiri Izo' and was feared.

After the Coup of August 18, the Kinnoto lost its momentum. When TAKECHI returned to Tosa, Izo changed his name to Tetsuzo DOI, and concealed himself alone in Kyoto. However, around June of 1864, he was captured by a shogunate official, and on being tattooed, he was banished from the capital Kyoto; at the same time, an official of the Tosa Domain captured him, and deported him to his hometown.

In the Tosa Domain, all his comrades of the Tosa kinnoto were arrested for the assassination of Toyo YOSHIDA and the series of assassinations that took place in the capital Kyoto, and with the exception of Zuizan TAKECHI, who was a Joshi (superior warrior) rank, they underwent severe torture. Izo endured severe torture, but he finally made a full confession and was beheaded on May 11 1865, and his head was put on public display.

His death haiku read 'My mind that served for you came to nothing, and will only clear up after you've gone.'

His grave is the family grave in the mountains near Azo Station at Kochi City, Kochi Prefecture. He was buried in his secular name, Yoshifuru OKADA.

Documents from the same period or letters written by Izo himself that tell the achievements of OKADA are scarce, but several documents tell about his personality and disposition. According to "Tosa Ijinden" (Lives of Great People of Tosa) (Masamichi TERAISHI), he was 'courageous, fond of martial arts, and a giant with an extremely robust body.'

It must be added that there was a bit of a sense of glorification, for this book was written in 1921, a time when loyal supporters of the Emperor at the end of the Edo Period were extolled owing to the historical view that Japan was peerless as a country under the eternal reign of a ceaseless line of "living-god" emperors.

According to recent studies, he was in fact rough, and loved sake and women; especially in his later years, he was treated coldly even by his comrades of the Tosa kinnoto. Hanpeita TAKECHI, who learned of Izo's arrest, wrote in a letter to his home, 'it is better for such a fool to die soon, and how his parents would lament over him for returning unashamedly to his hometown,' which indicates his ill feeling towards Izo. Letters which were considered to be written by Keikichi TAUCHI (TAKECHI's real younger brother) and so on tell that since his house stood in Shichiken machi, Izo was also disdainfully referred to as '七��.'

According to one theory, on learning of Izo's arrest, TAKECHI became afraid that Izo's confession may put his comrades on line, and he even tried to poison Izo through a jail keeping government official who was devoted to TAKECHI. There is an episode widely known through novels and so on that is interpreted in many ways; according to versions of this episode, TAKECHI was anxious that a weak natured Izo may easily give into torture; or that Izo may go under a far more severe torture than his other comrades due to his frivolousness; or that Izo received the poison and drank it (not knowing that it was poison), but did not die and confessed for not being able to withstand the torture; or he confessed in anger in finding out that it was poison. These show why, through the eyes of TAKECHI, Izo was considered 'merely as an instrument for assassination.'

According to some books, the reason why TAKECHI treated Izo coldly in his later years was, for example, from the discriminative feeling for Izo who had low social standing and no education compared with the other comrades, a sense of danger that exposure of many of the assassinations that Izo took part in may have unfavorable effects to his fellow comrades, and resentment and anxiety toward Izo for not taking his own life although those exposures could be prevented if he had committed suicide; furthermore, even if he had been a member of the Tosa kinnoto that aimed for "Sonno Joi (19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners) and overthrowing the Shogunate", he became a bodyguard to Kaishu KATSU (to be explained later) who was "a member of the open country wing and a vassal of the shogun"; Izo was disdained, for "although skillful in swordplay, he was a man with no resolute ideas and beliefs."

Later, a pistol which was thought to have belonged to Izo OKADA was found, and from July 1, 2006 to August 31, it was put on display during the event 'The end of the Edo period for Ryoma, Hanpeita, and Izo' at the Kochi Prefectural Sakamoto Ryoma Memorial Museum. According to the explanation by this museum, the pistol was made in France, and was a gift from Kaishu KATSU. A 'pistol' by the way, was a name applied for the public display, and in the strict sense, it was actually a handgun. Further, this pistol was put on public display by borrowing a personal belonging.

Apart from this, it was also transmitted that when Manjiro NAKANOHAMA tried to give his pistol to Izo, Izo had refused. However, there is no record that Izo had used these pistols and the details are not known.

Assassination of Saichiro INOUE (August 26, 1862)

Saichiro INOUE was a shita yokome who was investigating the case of the assassination of Toyo YOSHIDA that took place on May 6th of the same year. The Kinnoto, which regarded him dangerous, summoned INOUE at first to a fancy Japanese-style restaurant called 'Daiyo (otherwise written as 大與) and intoxicated him; then on the Shinsai-bashi Bridge, the four men Izo, Kiyoma HISAMATSU, Hachinosuke OKAMOTO, and Kinzaburo MORITA, restrained and strangulated INOUE, and threw his corpse over the bridge into the Dotonbori-gawa River. Yataro IWASAKI, a colleague accompanying Saichiro INOUE on this occasion who had escaped this ordeal, later became the founder of the Mitsubishi Zaibatsu.

It was said that there was an interrogation when Izo and the others were finally arrested, and only Kinzaburo MORITA, who remained silent, survived, and took part in the Boshin War. Later, MORITA told this story to Takayuki IGARASHI, who left behind a record called "An incident of the assassination of Saichiro INOUE."

Assassination of Seiichiro HOMMA (October 13, 1862)

Seiichiro HONMA was one of the supporters of the pro-Imperial from Echigo Province, but since he was a disputant who did not belong to a particular domain, patriots from each of the domains, who thought his attitude frivolous, began to hate him.

Meanwhile, there was a dispute between Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko and Yodo YAMAUCHI over the imperial envoy to demand expulsion of foreigners, and when there was a confrontation between HONMA, who went forward with Imperial Prince Kuninomiya Asahiko, and the Kinnoto, who supported YAMAUCHI, HONMA cast doubt that he was communicating secretly with the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun).

According to "Documents of the Ito family, "HONMA was surrounded by a couple of men when he came out drunk from a fancy Japanese-style restaurant, and although both of his arms were pinned down and his long and short swords were taken away, he furiously fought against them and made some of them shrink back; however, in an unguarded moment, he was stabbed in the ribs, and was beheaded when he was on the verge of dying. There was however, a different opinion, for there was a testimony by a person inside the house who heard a sound 'like throwing coals' when HONMA and the assassins were fighting with swords. HONMA was also thrown into the Takase-gawa River (Kyoto Prefecture) after being killed.

The criminals included Izo, as well as Shujiro HIRAI, Ekichi SHIMAMURA, Shinzo MATSUYAMA, Magozaburo OBATA, Kenta HIROSE, Gojiro TANABE and Shinbei TANAKA, who was known as the Hitokiri of Satsuma.

Ugo Genba no Kami (Director of the Bureau of Buddhism and Aliens) (October 15, 1862)

Shigekuni UGO (Ugo Genba no kami) was a shodaibu (fourth and fifth rank official) to the former chancellor Hisatada KUJO, and he suppressed the patriots with Sakon SHIMADA during Ansei no Taigoku, and because he was also involved in the set up of Kazunomiya koka (the marriage of Imperial princess Kazunomiya to an ordinary person), he was hated by the patriots of Joi (principle of excluding foreigners) group.

Since the assassination of Sakon SHIMADA (August 16 of the same year), UGO, who sensed danger, was moving from place to place, but he was found hiding in the Kawaramachi Palace of the Kujo family, and while sleeping, he was suddenly attacked by Izo OKADA, Hachinosuke OKAMOTO, Chuzaburo MURATA, and Matsuzaemon TSUTSUMI from Higo Province. He was slain by Izo when he tried to escape by jumping out of bed, and his son was also killed by TSUTSUMI. UGO's head was thrust into a spear, and with a document explaining why he was killed, it was put on public display on the riverbank of the Kamo-gawa River.

What is described above were recorded in "Kanbu Tsuki" (Records on civilian and military men), but there were different opinions regarding the criminals, and Izo's involvement was being questioned.

Murder of Mashira no Bunkichi (October 23, 1862)

Mashira no Bunkichi [Also known as 'Bunkichi, the Meakashi (hired thief-taker)] was an okappiki (a hired thief-taker) who, as an agent of Sakon SHIMADA, disclosed many patriots during Ansei no Taigoku. Naturally, many royalists hated him deeply.

Three men, Izo OKADA, Harunosuke KIYOOKA, and Tashima ABE, took Bunkichi to Sanjo-gawara Riverside, and strangulated him with a cord, since 'cutting him would leave a stain on the sword.'

Bunkichi also helped with SHIMADA's money lending, and since the people also hated him, he was stripped of his clothes and tied to a stake at the riverside; a bamboo stick had been pierced through his body from the anus to the head, and there were those that threw rocks at his corpse which was made a public display. Furthermore, because 'inu' (dog) was written on the notice board on this occasion, it is theorized that the expression 'one's dog' was created as a derogatory term for 'one's tesaki' (one's agent).

Assassination of the four yoriki (November 14, 1862)

All of the four men, Kinzaburo WATANABE, Magoroku MORI, Juzo OGAWARA, and Sukenojo UEDA, were yoriki of the Kyoto City Magistrate, and they had also exposed patriots with Shuzen NAGANO and Sakon SHIMADA during Ansei no Taigoku; after the heaven's punishment against Ugo and Bunkichi, they were transferred from Kyoto to Edo in order to avoid being targeted. On the evening of their arrival to Ishibe-juku (the 51st post station of the Tokaido Road), more than thirty members of roshi made an attack on the posting station, and in the uproar, these four men were murdered.

It had said in a note that described their crimes, that this was heaven's punishment for arresting many patriots and making them a felon. It was considered that many of the patriots from Tosa, Choshu, the Satsuma Domain, and the Kurume Domain took part in this raid.

In "A diary while staying in Kyoto" written by Hanpeita TAKECHI, the names of the twelve of those from Tosa who took part were listed, but Izo was not included. However, it was generally viewed that Izo took part in this raid.

Living public displays of Saburo HIRANOYA and Hanbei SENBEIYA (November 30, 1862)

Although merchants, Jusaburo HIRANOYA (?) and Hanbei SENBEIYA ?) were raised to a samurai class when Shigetomi OHARA left Kyoto for Edo as an Imperial Envoy in May of the same year (old calendar), and they had attended to him, they had a bad reputation for accepting bribery and embezzlement. Since such men were appointed to accompany the Imperial envoy that month, patriots from Choshu and Tosa Domains that became anxious for the loss of prestige in the Imperial Court stood together and decided to provoke heaven's punishment.

Izo OKADA, Toranosuke SENYA, and Kinosuke IGARASHI from Tosa, and Chuzaburo TERAJIMA joined from Choshu, and they split up to take both of the men in and kill them, but they did not kill because of the pleas of their family to spare their lives, and because of their class as townsmen; the two men were put on public display alive, by being tied naked on to a stake which was used for exposing cotton on the riverside of Kamo-gawa River.

Assassination of Tatewaki TADA (January 4, 1863)

Tatewaki TADA was a son of Kazue MURAYAMA (otherwise written as '可寿江'. Some documents describe her as Taka MURAYAMA), who was a mistress of Shuzen NAGANO, and he was a terazamurai (samurai who performed administrative functions at temples) at Rokuon-ji Temple (Kinkaku-ji Temple), but was made a target since he also took part in the suppression of patriots during Ansei no Taigoku.

On the night of the 14th, roshi (masterless samurai) conducted a raid on Kazue's house near Shimahara yukaku, and pulled her out of bed and made her a public display alive at the foot of Sanjo-ohashi Bridge; on the next evening, they brought TADA, who was taken in by a threatened owner to the Keage scaffold, and murdered him. His head was on public display at Kuritaguchi. It was said that Kazue was on public display alive for three days and three nights.

A total of twenty men took part in this raid, and it is believed that Izo participated with Yasozuchi NARASAKI of Choshu, Magozaburo OBATA, Masuya KONO, Uzumaro YORIOKA, and Toranosuke CHIYA from Satsuma. Among them, YORIOKA lived until the Taisho era, and told of this incident.

Daigaku IKEUCHI (March 11, 1863)

Daigaku IKEUCHI was formerly a Confucian scholar who belonged to the townsmen class, and was one of the Sonno Joi ha (supporters of the doctrine of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians). Since he devised stratagems for the problems on imperial sanction on treaties and the Shogun's successor, he was severely interrogated from the bakufu during Ansei no Taigoku, but because he surrendered voluntarily, the charges against him were relatively light. Because this had appeared as a 'betrayal against the Bakufu' to the eyes of the patriots that belonged to the Sonno Joi ha, he was made a target.

Daigaku changed his name and hid himself in Osaka, but just at that moment, he was invited to a banquet of Yodo YAMAUCHI, and was attacked on his way home. His head was put on public display at Naniwa-bashi Bridge, and on the 24th of the same month, his ears were thrown inside the house of Sanearu Ogimachi-SANJO and Tadayasu NAKAYAMA with a ransom note, resulting in resignation of both of the court nobles.

Only the name of Izo was mentioned for this incident, and the exact number and the organization of the others who were considered present at the scene were not transmitted.

Assassination of Hajime KAGAWA (March 18, 1863)

Hajime KAGAWA was a vassal of a Court noble Arifumi CHIGUSA, and was made a target because he had cooperated with Sakon SHIMADA and others, and joined the suppression of the patriots during Ansei no Taigoku. When the roshi made a raid and stepped into his house, KAGAWA went upstairs and hid himself; but on seeing his young children who unfortunately came home and were cruelly questioned by the roshi that had captivated them, he went downstairs on his own will, and was beheaded.

This incident was generally thought as the crime of Shinbei TANAKA from Satsuma, but it was conjectured that Izo also joined him. On the other hand, there was a different opinion that it was the crime of Toraroku HAGIWARA from the Himeji Domain.

Izo OKADA is thought to have been involved in the nine incidents described above. However, there is a theory among the researchers that consider him as 'not necessarily involved in all of the incidents.'

On the other hand, there is also a viewpoint that states 'between 1862 to 1864 when assassinations were rampant, there were many assassinations for which even today criminals are not identified (only that they were Sonno joi ha is known from notes describing their crime).'

Kaishu KATSU (1863)

According to 'Hikawa seiwa' (Quiet talks at the Hikwa mansion), which is an autobiography of Kaishu KATSU, Izo OKADA became Kaishu KATSU's bodyguard owing to the mediation of Ryoma SAKAMOTO. Three assassins attacked Kaishu, but when Izo cut one of them down and gave a roar, the remaining two assassins ran away.

On that occasion, KATSU said "You should not be fond of killing people. Such actions taken a few days ago are better to be mended" and tried to persuade him, but Izo said in return "But Mr. Katsu, if it weren't for me, your head must already have been slain."

As might be expected, KATSU seemed to have had no words to say in return, for he said 'I had no a single word to this."

John Manjiro

According to the family tradition of the Nakahama family [("Manjiro NAKANOHAMA - A Japanese that told about 'America' for the first time" (Hiroshi NAKAHAMA, 2005)], Izo OKADA was also a bodyguard of John Manjiro. Kaishu KATSU, who was confident in OKADA's skill as his own bodyguard, made him become a bodyguard of Manjiro.

When they went to a western style grave that Manjiro had built, four assassins tried to attack Manjiro, but Izo had sensed the two ambushes that were hiding, and told Manjiro not to escape impulsively but to stay put with his back against the gravestone, and slew the two attackers down. The remaining two attackers made an escape.

#okada izo #Japanese History #Bakumatsu #katsu kaishu #takechi hanpeita #tosa #john manjiro #tanaka shinbei #japanese 2010 wiki translations #sakamoto ryoma #tw: violence

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radmitsubishitalk · 5 years

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2020 Mitsubishi Pajero Sport

A quick update on the Mitsubishi Pajero Sport. Enjoy!

These are the first spy shots of the 2020 Pajero Sport facelift, which is currently undergoing winter testing in northern Sweden. The body-on-frame SUV, also known as the Montero Sport and Shogun Sport, remains based on the same platform as the L200/Triton pickup truck.

For the 2020MY, the rugged three-row SUV will receive a number of styling updates, although not as many as the full body wrap would suggest. Changes include the new taillights that receive a fresh LED signature and don’t seem to reach all the way to the bumper as on the current model. The camouflage may hide some rear fascia updates as well.

At the front, expect the Pajero Sport to get a similar treatment as the recently-facelifted L200/Triton. Changes will include an additional set of lamps placed below the restyled LED headlights, reshaped upper and lower grilles, as well as a more rugged-looking bumper.

The side profile doesn’t seem to bring anything new despite the presence of camouflage foil. As for the interior, the updates are likely to be restricted to the addition of soft pad materials for the floor, console, armrests, and parking brake. As with the facelifted L200, the Pajero Sport should get new tech onboard including Forward Collision Mitigation, Blind Spot Warning, Rear Cross Traffic Alert, Ultrasonic Misacceleration Mitigation, and the Multi Around Monitor.

There’s no official information on engine updates, so we can assume the SUV will carry on with the 2.4-liter turbo diesel engine it shares with the L200 pickup. In the UK, the engine that currently equips the Shogun Sport produces 181 PS at 3,500 rpm and 430 Nm of torque at 2,500 rpm.

The power plant is mated to an eight-speed automatic transmission that sends power to all four wheels via the Super Select 4WD system that offers low-range capability. The updated SUV might also get the new off-road mode introduced on the facelifted L200, which features Gravel, Mud/Snow, Sand, and Rock settings. Given that the spied prototype is a left-hand-drive vehicle and the testing takes place in Sweden, we can’t rule out a return of the Pajero Sport to continental Europe.

Be one of the first to test drive the 2020 Pajero Sport at a Group 1 Mitsubishi dealership near you.

Article source: http://mas-sat.blogspot.com/2019/01/2020-mitsubishi-pajero-sport-spy-shot.html

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domyhomeworkhelp · 5 years

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Luxury Car Brands | Do My Homework

Actual product or Secondary service

Mercedes Benz has adopted a brand strategy in terms of actual products that have enabled it to remain a competitor in the market. For instance, between 2003 and 2009, the Company produced several sports cars with McLaren Cars. The Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren has a carbon fibre body encompassed by a 5.4 litre V8 supercharged engine. Over the years, the Company has continued to produce cars like the McLaren F1 look-alike that saves the buyer an amount of $ 1 million or so (George 2010). Other products produced by the company that enable consumers save money are the Ferrari, a Mercedes SL55AMG hot sedan, a Porsche, a Bentley Continental and the Maserati Quattroporte all of which are more affordable at $250,000 to $500,000 price range.

The car nomenclature has been part of the Company’s marketing strategy in terms of its brand aimed at gaining grounds in the market. This has seen different products produced by the company being grouped alphabetically. For instance the C model illustrated that the car was characterized with a cabriolet body style. The brand in D signified that the product produced was a diesel motor (Smith 2007). The Mercedes with an E alphabet indicated that the car was having a petrol fuel injection. Other brands included the G model indicating that the vehicle is an off road vehicle.

In September 2003, the Company introduced the 7G-Tronic which was the first seven speed automatic transmission. There was as well the introduction of Mercedes-AMG, 6208 cc M156 V8 engine at 85 PS per litre; it was the most powerful naturally aspirated eight cylinder engine in the world. In an aim of attracting more customers, the company developed eth Electronic Stability Program (ESP) as well as brake assist which were designed to provide customers with safety when using the products. In a step further, the company invented the Pre-Safe system that was to detect an imminent crash (Pankraz 2011). It also assisted customers and the car in general to respond optimally to a given situation. Furthermore, the Company has the AMG in house performance tuning division specializing in the production of highly performing versions of most Mercedes Benz products.

Question Two

The product mix of top marques tends to differ. For instance Ford brands its products as AWD Territory as well as its lower priced 2WD variants SUV that have positioned it to compete favorably in the market. Toyota on the other hand produces the crossover SUV and the Kluger. Subaru also produces the Impreza WRX AWD heartstopper which take into consideration the safety of its consumers.

The Benz Company has also had mix of their products that include the McLaren 1, Ferrari, a Mercedes SL55AMG hot sedan, a Porshe as well as the Bentley Continental GT. The named brands of the company are intended at offering affordable prices to consumers. Mitsubishi Motors is famous for the introduction of the Japanese 4 by 4 models that takes another name in Australia and Japan.

The model is known as Pajero in Japan and Australia. In the United States and United Kingdom, the brand is known as Montero and Shogun respectively. The products of the different automobile industry tend to differ as competitors introduce new models into the industry (Saxena 2009). This has enabled the companies to develop products on a daily basis capturing different names to attract consumers. This is one way through which the companies position their brands in the market.

Reference

Anonymous. 2011. Marketing Highlights-Luxury Car Brands, Marques of Distinction.

Belk, W.R. 2006. Handbook of qualitative research methods in marketing. Edward Elgar Publishing. Massachusetts, MA.

Derval, D. 2007. Wait Marketing: Communicate at the Right Moment at the Right Place. Derval Research. Amsterdam.

https://homeworkprospect.com

George. 2010. The Best or nothing-new global brand strategy by Mercedes-Benz. Retrieved 2nd May 2011

http://www.globalmotors.net/the-best-or-nothing-new-global-brand-strategy-by-mercedes-benz/

Jain, A. 2009. Principles of Marketing. V.K. (India) Enterprises, New Delhi, ND.

Smith, R. 2007. New Mercedes Benz brand identity. Retrieved 2nd May 2011

http://www.gadget-paradise.com/0114/mercedes-benz/car-accessories/new-mercedes-benz/

Ohnsman, A. 2011. Hyundai Tops Asian Car Brands U.S .Gains as Quake Impact Looms. Retrieved 2nd May 2011

http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-04-01/hyundai-tops-asian-car-brands-u-s-gains-as-quake-impact-looms.html

Pankraz, D. 2011. The Big 4 Luxury Car Brands. Retrieved 2nd May 2011

http://danpankraz.wordpress.com/2009/04/07/audi-lexus-bmw-mercedes-benz-brand-positioning/

Saxena. 2009. Marketing Management 4E. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. New York, NY.

Luxury Car Brands | Do My Homework

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crarsports · 5 years

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ultrasfcb-blog · 6 years

Text

Bristol undertake Bears title and alter membership crest for Premiership return

Bristol says it had “rigorously thought of” its long-term future, which included its title, for the previous 18 months

Bristol have integrated ‘Bears’ into their title and altered their membership crest to a picture of the animal’s head in a relaunch to mark their return to the Premiership subsequent season.

It’s the second time prior to now 20 years that the membership has adopted a nickname, having taken the title Bristol Shoguns as a part of a sponsorship deal.

The membership hopes the the title change to Bristol Bears will “entice an entire new era of supporters”.

The title comes into impact on 1 June.

Proprietor Steve Lansdown, who additionally oversaw Bristol’s everlasting transfer to Ashton Gate when the membership final performed within the Premiership in 2015-16, mentioned they needed to be “ready to interrupt the mould” in an effort to market the aspect in a “rising worldwide market”.

He continued: “That is an thrilling and main dedication to making sure the longer term success of the membership.

“We recognise that there’s a historical past and custom related to all sports activities golf equipment and we’re aware and happy with the loyalty, bond and fervour so many share for Bristol Rugby.”

In a 19-page brochure that accompanied the relaunch, the membership drew closely on comparability to the bear, referencing physicality, spirit, starvation and fearlessness in addition to “awakening from hibernation”.

Some Bristol followers have criticised the title change, claiming it can go away the membership “open to ridicule”

Bristol, town itself, has no historical past of being residence to any bears.

Bristol will return to the Premiership in 2018-19 as Championship title winners after being relegated final time period.

Head coach Pat Lam, who has guided the membership again to the highest flight in his first season in cost, mentioned he “cherished the concept” of a reputation change to the Bears when first consulted.

“The entire spirit is a big a part of it,” he advised BBC Radio Bristol. “To get one thing that resembles and resonates with myself and my coach philosophy and what we try to do was thrilling.”

‘We might be recognized on the Yogis’

Bristol Rugby Supporters Membership treasurer Mike West mentioned he was “upset” that the membership had rebranded itself with out consulting the group.

“I am not greatest happy,” he advised BBC Sport. “I am completely puzzled why they did not seek the advice of the Bristol Rugby Supporters Membership, which represents a majority of followers.

“I am confused about why – it is a membership that has been round since 1888 and is one the oldest rugby golf equipment that also exists on the highest ranges. I do not perceive why they’ve immediately contorted the title after 130 years with out some reference.”

West mentioned the membership had repeated the errors made after they offered their title as a part of a sponsorship deal and added that they’re open to ridicule.

Response on social media has been largely unfavourable from followers, with West including that many would refuse to acknowledge the Bears moniker.

“Individuals do not go bear in Bristol that always,” he mentioned. “Within the Premiership subsequent season the opposition followers will certainly be calling us Yogis, or Boo Boos or the Fuzzies.”

Social media response

Whereas not each Bristol fan is towards the change on social media, an amazing majority of responses to the relaunch haven’t been beneficial.

The membership, it appears, has develop into the topic of many memes.

The Care Bears make a vibrant contribution

Barbie from the Toy Story franchise will get a run out

Winnie the Pooh will get multiple point out within the dialog

What’s in a reputation?

Identify modifications in skilled rugby union in England are nothing new, not even for Bristol.

A business cope with automotive producers Mitsubishi noticed the membership renamed Bristol Shoguns after a sport utility automobile.

Not even promoting a reputation is exclusive within the recreation, with Rotherham Titans first taking the nickname on in a sponsorship tie-up on their promotion to the Premiership in 2003-04. The Championship membership even went so far as utterly altering their title to the Earth Titans for 2 seasons as a part of a sponsorship deal.

Premiership membership Wasps went the alternative technique to Bristol when, in 2014, they dropped London from their title, having solely adopted the prefix in 1999. The title change, after all, made it simpler after they relocated to Coventry shortly afterwards.

Premiership leaders Exeter solely integrated Chiefs into their title in 1995, whereas Sale took on the Sharks title in 1999.

Championship membership Yorkshire Carnegie had 4 title modifications in 22 years after Roundhay and Headingley merged to make one membership in 1992.

The membership began out at Leeds Rugby Union Soccer Membership, then in 1998 grew to become Leeds Tykes after they amalgamated with rugby league giants Leeds Rhinos, after which in 2007 they modified that to Leeds Carnegie.

Their newest change to Yorkshire Carnegie was finished in an try assist the membership enchantment to the broader area.

ultras FC Barcelona - https://ultrasfcb.com/rugby-union/2362/

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autelmaxisyspro-blog · 7 years

Text

Mitsubishi spa Still a Contender

I used to work with a guy who told me that his wife worked for Colt Cars in Cirencester England. I remember at the time saying to him "Who the hell are they!" Which I suppose was a bit impolite but I thought I knew most car manufacturers and had never heard of them. Luckily he ignored my rudeness and explained that Colt Cars were a joint venture with Mitsubishi Motors, who I had heard of, and were established largely for the purposes of importing and distributing Mitsubishi vehicles in the UK.

I had forgotten that Britain used to have strict import quotas on foreign vehicles in a vain attempt to protect British manufacturers from the threat to their market from foreign imports. It wasn't until the British public realised that British cars were in fact useless that they started buying foreign cars by the thousand which spelled the end of the road for the majority of UK manufacturers launch x431 v plus, sad but true.

There was a small backlash from people of a certain generation against buying foreign cars particularly Japanese ones but when their Austin Maxi's and Morris Marinas finally rusted into oblivion they begrudgingly grasped the nettle and now wouldn't be seen driving anything other than a Micra or Yaris or indeed a Mitsubishi Colt.

Mitsubishi have had mixed fortunes over the years with some successful models and of course you can't really mention Mitsubishi without talking about their successes with the Ralliart division and the whole Evolution phenomenon autel maxisys elite. Aside from this though the history of Mitsubishi is quite complex and they have had business partnerships with companies you would not have expected, notably Volvo and Daimler Chrysler to name but two.

Mitsubishi Corporation is a huge concern in Japan of which Mitsubishi Motors are a subsidiary of and with a history that dates back as far as 1917. The logo of three red diamonds, which is shared with over forty other companies within the group, predates Mitsubishi Motors itself by nearly a century. It was chosen by Yataro Iwasaki who was the founder of Mitsubishi. Apparently it represented the emblem of the Tosa Clan who first employed him and because his own family crest was three diamonds stacked one on top of the other. The name Mitsubishi is an amalgamation of Mitsu ("three") and Hishi (literally meaning "water chestnut", which is often used in Japanese to denote a diamond or rhombus).

Mitsubishi are currently the seventh largest car manufacturer in Japan and seventeenth in the world which puts them as fairly large but not huge by any standards. Mitsubishi's main problem has been a lack of models to choose from but in the last few years they have worked hard to address this and now have a fairly large range covering most sectors of the market.

After working with Chrysler since the 1970's Mitsubishi were then involved with Daimler Chrysler until around 2005. They have also had alliances with Proton and Hyundai but now after some quite drastic financial reorganisation the company seems to be more settled and were able to reveal the award winning I model in 2006. The new Mitsubishi Lancer has been received favourably and Mitsubishi has joined up with PSA Peugeot Citroen to produce the 4007 and C-Crosser which are SUV vehicles based on the Mitsubishi Outlander. The Outlander itself boasts favourable fuel economy combined with the lowest C02 emissions in its class.

The Shogun or Pajero whose name is rumoured to be rude in Spanish is another vehicle which has ensured Mitsubishi's success over the years. The latest version is far more refined and is now pitched at the luxury SUV market.

A lesser known fact about Mitsubishi is that Jackie Chan has had a long association with the company so with him on their side I guess they will always be a contender!

Jon Barlow acknowledges that Mitsubishi has had mixed fortunes over the years but recently they have achieved successes with their improved range Mitsubishi

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ultrasfcb-blog · 6 years

Text

Bristol undertake Bears title and alter membership crest for Premiership return

Bristol says it had “rigorously thought of” its long-term future, which included its title, for the previous 18 months

Bristol have integrated ‘Bears’ into their title and altered their membership crest to a picture of the animal’s head in a relaunch to mark their return to the Premiership subsequent season.

It’s the second time prior to now 20 years that the membership has adopted a nickname, having taken the title Bristol Shoguns as a part of a sponsorship deal.

The membership hopes the the title change to Bristol Bears will “entice an entire new era of supporters”.

The title comes into impact on 1 June.

He continued: “That is an thrilling and main dedication to making sure the longer term success of the membership.

Some Bristol followers have criticised the title change, claiming it can go away the membership “open to ridicule”

Bristol, town itself, has no historical past of being residence to any bears.

Bristol will return to the Premiership in 2018-19 as Championship title winners after being relegated final time period.

‘We might be recognized on the Yogis’

Bristol Rugby Supporters Membership treasurer Mike West mentioned he was “upset” that the membership had rebranded itself with out consulting the group.

“I am not greatest happy,” he advised BBC Sport. “I am completely puzzled why they did not seek the advice of the Bristol Rugby Supporters Membership, which represents a majority of followers.

West mentioned the membership had repeated the errors made after they offered their title as a part of a sponsorship deal and added that they’re open to ridicule.

Response on social media has been largely unfavourable from followers, with West including that many would refuse to acknowledge the Bears moniker.

Social media response

Whereas not each Bristol fan is towards the change on social media, an amazing majority of responses to the relaunch haven’t been beneficial.

The membership, it appears, has develop into the topic of many memes.

The Care Bears make a vibrant contribution

Barbie from the Toy Story franchise will get a run out

Winnie the Pooh will get multiple point out within the dialog

What’s in a reputation?

Identify modifications in skilled rugby union in England are nothing new, not even for Bristol.

A business cope with automotive producers Mitsubishi noticed the membership renamed Bristol Shoguns after a sport utility automobile.

Premiership leaders Exeter solely integrated Chiefs into their title in 1995, whereas Sale took on the Sharks title in 1999.

Championship membership Yorkshire Carnegie had 4 title modifications in 22 years after Roundhay and Headingley merged to make one membership in 1992.

Their newest change to Yorkshire Carnegie was finished in an try assist the membership enchantment to the broader area.

ultras FC Barcelona - https://ultrasfcb.com/rugby-union/2362/

#Barcelona

#Rugby Union

0 notes

ultrasfcb-blog · 6 years

Text

Bristol undertake Bears title and alter membership crest for Premiership return

Bristol says it had “rigorously thought of” its long-term future, which included its title, for the previous 18 months

Bristol have integrated ‘Bears’ into their title and altered their membership crest to a picture of the animal’s head in a relaunch to mark their return to the Premiership subsequent season.

It’s the second time prior to now 20 years that the membership has adopted a nickname, having taken the title Bristol Shoguns as a part of a sponsorship deal.

The membership hopes the the title change to Bristol Bears will “entice an entire new era of supporters”.

The title comes into impact on 1 June.

He continued: “That is an thrilling and main dedication to making sure the longer term success of the membership.

Some Bristol followers have criticised the title change, claiming it can go away the membership “open to ridicule”

Bristol, town itself, has no historical past of being residence to any bears.

Bristol will return to the Premiership in 2018-19 as Championship title winners after being relegated final time period.

‘We might be recognized on the Yogis’

Bristol Rugby Supporters Membership treasurer Mike West mentioned he was “upset” that the membership had rebranded itself with out consulting the group.

“I am not greatest happy,” he advised BBC Sport. “I am completely puzzled why they did not seek the advice of the Bristol Rugby Supporters Membership, which represents a majority of followers.

West mentioned the membership had repeated the errors made after they offered their title as a part of a sponsorship deal and added that they’re open to ridicule.

Response on social media has been largely unfavourable from followers, with West including that many would refuse to acknowledge the Bears moniker.

Social media response

Whereas not each Bristol fan is towards the change on social media, an amazing majority of responses to the relaunch haven’t been beneficial.

The membership, it appears, has develop into the topic of many memes.

The Care Bears make a vibrant contribution

Barbie from the Toy Story franchise will get a run out

Winnie the Pooh will get multiple point out within the dialog

What’s in a reputation?

Identify modifications in skilled rugby union in England are nothing new, not even for Bristol.

A business cope with automotive producers Mitsubishi noticed the membership renamed Bristol Shoguns after a sport utility automobile.

Premiership leaders Exeter solely integrated Chiefs into their title in 1995, whereas Sale took on the Sharks title in 1999.

Championship membership Yorkshire Carnegie had 4 title modifications in 22 years after Roundhay and Headingley merged to make one membership in 1992.

Their newest change to Yorkshire Carnegie was finished in an try assist the membership enchantment to the broader area.

ultras FC Barcelona - https://ultrasfcb.com/rugby-union/2362/

#Barcelona

#Rugby Union

0 notes