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macroplast010-blog · 1 year

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What are Distribution Transformers?

Distribution transformer has lower ratings like 11 KV, 6.6 KV, 3.3 KV, 440 V and 230 V. They perform voltage transformation in the power system by stepping down the voltage level where the electrical energy is distributed and utilized at the consumer end. They have a rating of less than 200 MVA.

Aluminum or copper wire with an enamel coating is wound around the distribution transformer's primary coil. The secondary winding of the transformer, which is made of a thick ribbon of Aluminium and copper, has a high current and low voltage. Paper and oil that have been impregnated with resin are used as insulation.

The transformer's oil is utilized for

Cooling

Insulating the windings

Defending against dampness

The following categories are used to group the numerous distribution transformer types, and they are displayed in the following figure.

Mounting location

Insulation type

Nature of supply

Contact us if you're looking for Distribution Transformers for home, commercial or Industrial use. Macroplast Transformer is a reputable and well-known company among Distribution Transformers Manufacturers in India that sells its products for a very competitive price. To know more about the products and pricing, contact on details that mentioned below:

Contact Info: -

Macroplast Transformers

Website: - https://www.macroplasttransformers.com/distribution-&-power-transformers.html

Address: - D-18/2, Surajpur Industrial Area, Site-B, Greater Noida, Gautam Buddh Nagar, U.P, India Pin Code - 201306

Mobile: 9958904598

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joeypetter · 1 year

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Composite Insulators Market 2022 | Global Business, Share, Trend and SWOT Analysis 2030 | By R&I

Reports & Insights has freshly issued a new report titled “Composite Insulators Market: Opportunity Analysis and Future Assessment 2022-2030” which speaks about the market size, market potential and comprehensive understanding of the statistics concerned with the development of the respective market. The market analysts estimate that the Composite Insulators Market size will elevate from XXX in 2022 to XXX by the year 2030, at an estimated CAGR of XX. The base year considered for the study is 2020, and the market size is projected from 2022 to 2030.

Request a Sample Copy of this Report @: https://reportsandinsights.com/sample-request/2534

Composite Insulators Introduction

Insulators basically serve its utility in electrical equipment with a view to sustain and differentiate electrical conductors without enabling current to percolate through the insulators. Silicone rubber is one of the most comprehensively utilized polymeric insulation materials for high tension products. Particularly, the composite insulators are a unique kind of insulation control that further holds a crucial role in overhead transmission lines.

Composite insulators are also known as non-porcelain insulators, synthetic insulators, rubber insulators, polymer insulators, among others. Notably, composite insulators are light in weight, minor in size, reliable to transport, light in structure, easy to maintain and easy to install. Such factors aid composite insulators to gain traction all across the markets. In addition to that, the composite insulator has excellent fouling resistance and robust fouling flash voltage resistance. Notably, the wet withstand voltage and fouling resistance voltage of composite insulators are 2 to 2.5 times that of porcelain insulators with the equal creepage distance.

Also, there is no need for cleansing and secure operation in severely polluted areas. Owing to such factors, the composite insulators are witnessing higher demand all around the world. Moreover, the soaring investments from governments and regulatory authorities to revamp the maturing grid networks across established nations together with the swift adoption of smart grid technology, worldwide, is further projected to boost the growth of the global composite insulators market in the coming years.

Wish to Know More About the Study? Click here to get a Report Description: https://reportsandinsights.com/report/composite-insulators-market

Composite Insulators Market Segmentation

The composite insulators market is segmented on the basis of voltage, application, product, rating, installation, end use, and region.

By Voltage

High Voltage

Medium Voltage

Low Voltage

By Application

Cables & Transmission Lines

Switchgears

Transformers

Bus Bars

Others

By Product

Pin Insulators

Suspension Insulators

Shackle Insulators

Other Insulators

By End Use

Residential

Commercial & Industrial

Utilities

By Rating

<11 KV

11 KV

22 KV

33 KV

5 KV

145 KV

220 KV

400 KV

800 KV

1200 KV

By Installation

Distribution

Transmission

Substation

Railways

Others

By Region

North America

Latin America

Europe

Asia Pacific

Middle East

Africa

Composite Insulators Market Key Players

Some of the key participating players in composite insulators market are:

Siemens Energy

ABB

Toshiba

Aditya Birla

NGK Insulators

Hubbell

Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited

LAPP Insulators

Maclean-Fogg

Seves Group

TE Connectivity

To view Top Players, Segmentation and other Statistics of Composite Insulators Market Industry, Get Sample Report @: https://reportsandinsights.com/sample-request/2534

About Reports and Insights:

Reports and Insights is one of the leading market research companies which offers syndicate and consulting research around the globe. At Reports and Insights, we adhere to the client needs and regularly ponder to bring out more valuable and real outcomes for our customers. We are equipped with strategically enhanced group of researchers and analysts that redefines and stabilizes the business polarity in different categorical dimensions of the market.

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1820 Avenue M, Brooklyn

NY 11230, United States

+1-(718) 312-8686

Find Us on LinkedIn: www.linkedin.com/company/report-and-insights/

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biointernet · 4 years

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The History of Bioelectrography

Kirlian photograph of the electromagnetic discharge between two fingertips.

The Bioelectrography History

Since 500BC HISTORY OF GDV/EPI BIOELECTROGRAPHY KIRLIANGRAPHY, ELECTROPHOTONICS see more about Different names of Bioelectrography 500BC – Testing of genuine amber by static process in China 1541-1603 – Electroscope, William Gilbert

William Gilbert William Gilbert, also known as ‘Gilberd’, was a famous researcher in magnetism. He was famous during the time of Queen Elizabeth I and is best known for his publication, ‘De Magnete’. Credited as one of the originators of the term of electricity, William Gilbert is also known as the father of electricity, magnetism and electrical engineering. He travelled extensively and wrote many publications such as ‘Magnetisque Corporibus’ and ‘ET de Magno Magnete Tellure’ during his lifetime. Apart from being a scientist, Gilbert led a parallel career as an astronomer. He studied the moon’s surface without a telescope and concluded that the craters were in fact land, and the white patches on the moon’s surface were water bodies. One of his other significant contributions was when he pointed out that the motion of the skies occurred due to the rotation of the earth. One of the first people to try to map the markings of the moon’s surface, Gilbert was a celebrated astronomer and scientist. His theories on magnetism and electricity had also been the subject of controversy for many of his successors.

electroscope An electroscope is an early scientific instrument that is used to detect the presence and magnitude of electric charge on a body. It was the first electrical measuring instrument. The first electroscope, a pivoted needle called the versorium, was invented by British physician William Gilbert around 1600. The pith-ball electroscope and the gold-leaf electroscope are two classical types of electroscope that are still used in physics education to demonstrate the principles of electrostatics. A type of electroscope is also used in the quartz fiber radiation dosimeter. Electroscopes were used by the Austrian scientist Victor Hess in the discovery of cosmic rays. Electroscopes detect electric charge by the motion of a test object due to the Coulomb electrostatic force. Since the electric potential or voltage of an object with respect to ground equals its charge divided by its capacitance to ground, an electroscope can be regarded as a crude voltmeter. However, the accumulation of enough charge to detect with an electroscope requires hundreds or thousands of volts, so electroscopes are only used with high-voltage sources such as static electricity and electrostatic machines. Electroscopes generally give only a rough, qualitative indication of the magnitude of the charge. An instrument that measures charge quantitatively is called an electrometer. 1602-1686 – Electrostatic machine, Otto von Guerricke & Hauksbee

Otto Von Guerickes Sulphur Ball Otto von Guericke's electrostatic machine evolved into increasingly improved instruments in the hands of later scientists. Otto von Querricke (1602-1686), the Burgomeister of Magdeburg best known for his demonstration of the effect of atmospheric pressure on evacuated bodies (the Magdeburg Hemispheres), also showed the electrical effects were obtained by rubbing glass. Originally, he used a globe of sulphur mounted on a shaft, with the hand rubbing the rotating sphere. The sulphur was cast in a spherical shell of glass that was subsequently broken away; soon it was discovered that glass, and not sulphur, was the key ingredient of the demonstration. About 1700 Francis Hauksbee the Elder suggested that a glass cylinder be used in place of the sphere. In the early 1700s, Francis Hauksbee designed his own electrostatic generator, a feat stemming from his studies of mercury. 1661-1713 - Resulted in the reproduction of electrical phenomena in the laboratory 1622 – Magnetic declination varies with time, Edmund Gunter 1671 – Electric organ of torpedo fish studied, Francesco Redi 1672 – Living tissues react to environment, Francis Glisson 1702 – Air at low pressure glows during an electrical discharge, Hauksbee 1704 – Electrons, particles, wave forms. Newton 1729 – Photometry, Pierre Bouger 1729 – Electric current, Stephen Gray 1731 – Anything can be charged with static electricity if isolated by non conductive materials, Stephen Gray 1733 – Two types of static electric charge, like charges repel whilst unlike charges attract, (later opposed by Benjamin Franklin), Charles Francois de Cistemay 1746 – Leyden Jar (Leiden) for storing static electricity Pieter Van Musschenbrooek & E G Pieter got a shock when using it suggesting a connection between lightning, VonKleist 1747 – A pointed conductor draws off an electric charge from a charged body, Benjamin Franklin 1747 – First electrometers, Abbe Jean-Antoine Nollet (Paris) 1756 – Electricity and the origin of light and the wave theory, Mikhail Valilievich Lomonosov 1766 – That all nerves follow a path through the spinal column to the brain and that the nerves stimulate the muscles, A Von Haller 1766 – Improved electrometer, Horace Benedict de Saussure (Suisse) 1766 – Chart of magnetic inclination, Johna Wicke (German) 1766 - Joseph Priestley, English explorer, registered the colored circles which are obtained by electrical discharge on a metal surface («Priestly's rings»). 1771 – Tissue conduction of electricity, Luigi Galvani 1775 – Early electrical condensers, Alessandro Volta 1777 – Electrographic images, G C Lichtenberg 1777 – GERMANY GEORGE CRHISTOPHER LICHTEMBERG

GEORGE CRHISTOPHER LICHTEMBERG Georg Christoph Lichtenberg was a German physicist, satirist, and Anglophile. As a scientist, he was the first to hold a professorship explicitly dedicated to experimental physics in Germany. He obtained, with dust particles, under Statics Electricity, anything that we can consider as being primitive “Bioelectrographic Images” and those primitive images, in electrified dust were named, by him, as Electro-graphics”. In 1777 a German physicist George Lichtenberg touched a metal electrode covered with glass and connected to voltage with his finger while experimenting with the electrical machine. And suddenly a burst of sparkles flew all around. This was magically beautiful, although a little bit frightening. Lichtenberg jerked back the finger and then repeated the experiment. The finger placed on the electrode was shining with bright blue light and treelike sparkles dispersed from it. Lichtenberg, being a real academic scientist, investigated the behavior of this fluorescence in detail, although he substituted a grounded wire for a finger. The effect was the same, which later suggested an idea that some special energy exists in the body, and first electrical then torsion properties were attributed to it. Articles by Lichtenberg, masterfully done in German, are still cited in books on gas discharge. Further research demonstrated that electrical fluorescence was not so rarely met in nature.

Lichtenberg figures 1777-Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph. De Nova Methodo Naturam Ac Motum Fluidi Electrici Investigandi (Concerning the New Method Of Investigating the Nature and Movement of Electric Fluid). Göttinger Novi Commentarii, Göttingen, 1777. 11 1778-Lichtenberg, G.C. "Super nova methodo motum ac naturum fluidi electrici investigandi," Soc. Reg. Sc. Gottingensis, 1778, T.8, p.168-180. 1779-Lichtenberg, G.C. Commentatio posterior. Commentationes Soc. Reg. Sc. Gott. Glassis mathematicae T.1. p.65-79. 1779. 1779-G.C. Lichtenberg. Zweite Abhandlung uber eine neue Methode, die Natur und die Bewegung der elektrischen Materie zu erforschen. Ebd., Class. Math. tom. I, ad annum 1778, S.65 (1779) (Pup 56). The effect of discharge in the high voltage field observed in the experiments Tesla, Rengo and D'Arsonval, at voltages above 30 kV (especially good discharge visible after a 100kV). Two major invention that allowed to implement a method of photographing images of various objects in the high-frequency field: 1839 - invention of photography Daguerre, 1851 - creation Ruhmkorff coil. 1839-Jacques Daguerre, a French researcher, has published a method for producing an image on a copper plate covered with silver. 1842-G. Karsten, Berlin. Germany. He put a coin on a glass plate and gave it a few sparks from the electric machine. If you then breathe on the glass, it was seen the image of the coin. He called these figures «electrical breath figures». 1851-Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff, German inventor. In 1851, he patented the first version of its induction coil. This further coil is widely used for electrophotographic images.

The History of Bioelectrography - Coil Ruhmkorff

Coil Ruhmkorff - The History of Bioelectrography The device Ruhmkorff coil. The primary winding of the coil, consists of several tens of turns of thick wire wound around the core, and is energized through the electrochemical cell (chemical current source). An important element of the chopper coil is in the form of a hammer, which is attracted by the core to create the primary winding of the magnetic field due to flow through it from the DC power source. Thus, the hammer breaks the circuit and the magnetic field disappears, the hammer returns to its original state, closing the circuit again. The change in the magnetic field reacts secondary winding consisting of thousands of turns of a thin wire, is wound over the primary winding. This leads to a second winding of high instantaneous currents of different directions (closing / opening). Due to a member of the condenser coil, the coil stores energy in a magnetic field, which further increases the currents in both windings, and allows the air gap between the punch pin of the secondary winding. 1876 - I. Goldstein Gittorfor (1850-1931), German physicist, received a specially designed discharge tube coin image using it as a cathode. These experiments were carried out under reduced pressure of the gaseous medium. Relief cathode (coins) was seen in the light of the cathode-ray fluorescence on the opposite wall of the cathode of the discharge tube. 1871 - Cromwell Fleetwood Varley (1828-1883), English engineer-electrician. The interrelation of the phenomena of electricity and spiritualism, studied electrical discharge in gases. 1877 - Lachinov Dmitry Alexandrovich (1842-1902), Russian physicist and electrical engineer, SPGU, Professor of Forest Institute, St. Petersburg. Since 1877 Lachinov worked on the gas discharge visualization. Building on its cycle of meteorological research, continuing to work on the study of the electric arc and pictures in the late 1870s and early 1880s Lachinov published in the "Russian Invalid" a number of articles dealing with different aspects of the research programs, their complex application. In the summer and autumn of 1887 in the physics laboratory of the Forest Institute Lachinov simulated form of atmospheric electricity, differentiation electrodischarges in a gaseous environment. With the assistance of the photographer V.Monyushko photographed or recorded on the plate bromzhelatinovoy direct impact sparks. During the first experiments filmed bright discharge (spark induction coil connected to a capacitor) or dim when entered in a long chain of the resistance gave a discharge discharge. The second and third series of experiments was carried out without a camera, the category of sliding along the surface of the dry bromzhelatinovoy plate and left her a trail that the manifestation is made visible, nothing else, as one of the first examples of the so-called gas discharge visualization. On the progress and results of the experiments reported in V.Monyushko V (photographic) department Russian Technical Society (St. Petersburg Engineering Society) October 9, 1887. He spoke about the possibility of photographing using a variety of metal objects spark. October 27, 1887 Lachinov posts made in Russian Physical and Chemical Society (RFHO). Lachinov DA He invented a device for detecting defects of electrical insulation. 1878 DA Lachinov A new way of photographing. Russian invalid. 1878. №14. 1879 DA Lachinov Electrophotography. Russian invalid. 1879. №98. 1880 DA Lachinov Phosphorescence and its application to the photos. Russian invalid. 1880. №331. 1880 – UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NIKOLA TESLA

Nikola Tesla He showed, in a public presentation, a luminous halo around human body and another objects while exposed to a strong electromagnetic field with high A.C. voltage and high frequency. But he considered this subject only as a scientific curiosity that received the general name of “Corona Effect”. In the Nineteenth century enigmas of electricity were opening to people. One of the great inventors was Nicola Tesla, from whom we now have lamps and television sets. He invented the generator of alternating current. However, if it had not been him, somebody else would have done it. Inventions come to life when a social need for them appears. Then different people simultaneously and independently start arriving at the same ideas. This is connected with the fact that the ideas have their logic of development, and the developers shall only intuitively feel this logic. After raising good money with his patents, Nikola Tesla began the mysterious experiments on energy transfer without wires. He did not finish his developments and died in destitution, but up to now enthusiasts have been trying to investigate his ideas. We get used to our technical progress and reap its fruits with pleasure, but is it the only possible way of development? At the peak of his career Tesla liked to give public lectures and impress the audience with the following experience. The light was turned off in the room, Tesla turned on the generator of his own design, stood on the platform-electrode, and his body got wrapped in the glow. The hair stood on end, glowing rays of light radiated in the space. The experiment was very effective, though not all those who wished managed to repeat it: as a matter of fact, their glow was much less and for some people even missing. Not in vain was it said that Nikola Tesla had special energy state. Further research did not go much beyond investigations of the glow of fingers, sometimes ears, nose and other prominent parts of the body. Is it possible to reproduce Tesla’s experiments and make all the body glow? Yes, it is. But is it necessary? Powerful equipment, which is not safe if not handled properly, is required for such an experiment. Moreover, the stronger electrical glow, the more ozone is generated in the air. A high concentration of ozone is far from being healthy. 1887 - DA Lachinov "Russian Invalid". 1887, №220, №225. November 26th 1887 - DA Lachinov On studies of electrical discharges through photography. ZhRFKhO. 1887, issue 8. s.438. 1888 DA Lachinov On studies of electrical discharges through the photos. Journal of Russian PhysicoChemical Society. 1888 of the Financials. vol.3. s.44-49. 1888 DA Lachinov "Electricity". 1888, №1-2. s.1-7. 1888 DA Lachinov "Yearbook of the St. Petersburg Forestry Institute." 1888 vol.3. s.169-179. 1888 ZRTO. 1888, Issue 1. s.42-48. 1902 DA Lachinov (Obituary). Herald of experimental physics and elementary mathematics. 1889, Czech B. Navratil coined the word "electrography" 1896, a French experimenter, H. Baraduc, created electrographs of hands and leaves Hippolyte Ferdinand Baraduc (1850 - 1909) was a French physician and magnetist parapsychologist, and highly recognized for photographing thought and feelings with iconographies. 1892 – RUSSIA Jakob. J. NARKIEVITCH-JODKO

J. J. NARKIEVITCH-JODKO On an electricized plate, he obtained a type of photo that he simply named Electric Photography, in black and white colors, and started to investigate, through this technique, the human potencialities, but he did not continue his work. Later on, already during the middle of XXth Century, his work was taken back by M. Pogorelski, in Russia, and by B. J. Navratil, in Czechoslovakia, but with no other significative consequence. A significant contribution to the study of these photographs was made by a talented Byelorussian scientist Jacob Narkevich-Yodko in the end of the Nineteenth century. He was an independent landowner and spent most of his time on his estate above the river Neman. There he actively experimented with electricity, applying it in agriculture and medicine. A straight parallel with modern medicine can be drawn from the description of experiments on the stimulation of plants with electrical current, on electrotherapy, and magnetism by J. Narkevich-Yodko. But the scientific achievements of our time are not just “the new as a well-lost old”. This is a new convolution of perception. 1893 - Russia “Electrophotosphenes and energography as a proof of existence of the physiological polar energy”. This was the name of a small book by a doctor from St. Petersburg, Messira Pogorelsky, where he described his experiments in bioelectrography. Book, published in 1893. Many photographs of the glow of fingers and toes, ears and nose show how the pattern of fluorescence varies when the psychic state of a person changes. However, this work was far from being the first one. 1865 - Narkevitch-Yodko finished Minsk provincial classical gymnasium and went abroad. 1869 - entered the medical faculty of the University of Paris. He studied in Vienna, Paris, Florence. 1872 - he returned home, he conducts scientific experiments. 1888 - Metoostantsiya transferred to the estate of over-Neman (80km south-west of Minsk). 1902. Issue 335. s.259. http: /www.vofem.ru/ru/cat/113/ (Russian) 1904 – BRAZIL Father Roberto Landell de Morua (A Brazilian Jesuit Catholic Priest)

Father Roberto Landell de Morua Besides to be a priest, he was a Physicist too and, in Porto Alegre (RS), he invented an engine that he named “Bioelectrographic Machine”. He did take some hundreds of photos and named the halo around the human body as “Perianto”. He researched on this subject during 8 (eight) years, until 1912, when he was obliged by Catholic Church to stop those researches. In Brazil, very similar experiments were performed by a Catholic monk, padre Landell de Morua. A monk’s life left a lot of free time, after reading prayers and performing rituals. Padre de Morua invented the technique of photoregistration of electrical glow and started giving lectures and writing to social leaders in order to attract attention to his offspring. Invention of padre de Morua produced much rapt attention, congratulations, banquets, but was not widespread. Then the little priest invented the radio (practically simultaneously with Popov and Markoni), but again he was unable to draw in large crowds. Even the military. FIRST SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES AT INTERNATIONAL LEVEL In the beginning of the Twentieth century nobody even recalled the mysterious glow. There were many other problems: wars, revolutions, breakthroughs in physics, discovery of antibiotics and roentgen rays – everybody was sure that it was very close to the outright victory. Only by 1930’s the life more or less came right. And here appeared the mysterious glow again. And, as if by chance, it was discovered anew, but there is a rule behind every chance. 1904/12 – BRAZIL We can consider that Fr. Landell was the pioneer of the first scientific and systematic researches on the Bioelectrography field, during 8 years, at worldwide level. However, Catholic Church, in that period, did not allow he continued his researches because of purely doctrinary reasons and confiscated almost all of his notes, but many of those reports escaped and are in a safe place, the current Fr. Roberto Landell de Moura Museum, in Porto Alegre (RS) – Brazil. 1939 - Around the World In 1939, two Czechs S. Pratt and J. Schlemmer. published photographs showing a curious glow or aura around leaves. The same year, the Russian electrical engineer Semyon Kirlian and his wife Valentina developed their own technique after observing a patient who was receiving medical treatment from a high-frequency electrical generator. Electrotherapy was popular at the time and they had noticed that when the electrodes were brought near the patient’s skin, there was a glow similar to that seen in an electrified tube filled with neon. Kirlian photography consisted of placing photographic film on top of a conducting plate, and attaching another conductor to a hand, leaf, or other part of a plant. When the conductors were energized by a high frequency high voltage power source, the resulting image showed a silhouette of the object surrounded by an aura of light. 1939 - Experiments in psychics Practical studies in direct writing (automatic) supernormal photography and other phenomena by F. W. Warrick Golinger, Skotographs, Nengraphy, Nensha, Thoughtography, Spirit Photography, Themography, ectoplasm

Semyon & Valentina Kirlian Semyon & Valentina Kirlian 1939 – RUSSIA Semyon and Valentina Kirlian In Krasnodar, former URSS, he re-invented the Bioelectrographic Camera, now renamed as Kirlian Camera, and started systematic and scientific researches, helped by several Soviet Scientists. Those researches were revealed to the rest of the world only in 1960, during a Congress on Parapsychology. Semyon Kirlian spent most part of his life with his wife Valentina in a poor two-room apartment at the corner of Gorky and Kirov streets in Krasnodar. The wooden two-story house where they had started their family life was swept away by progress – a building program turned the small provincial town on the banks of the Kuban river into an industrial center. Kirlians were deeply carried away with the experiments with auras of live subjects, and since 1939 they had worked hard. The only rest they could afford was walking hand in hand under the trees and along blossoming fields so typical of the South Russian cities. The Kirlians published the results of their experiments for the first time in 1958, and in 1961 reported that the characteristics of fingertip auras not only varied in different people, but was also affected by their emotional status. If someone felt very anxious or was in an opposite state of deep relaxation during meditation, there was a corresponding change in the size and intensity of the glow. Their work was virtually unknown in the West until 1970, when two Americans, Lynn Schroeder and Sheila Ostrander published their book, “Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain”. Russian books about Bioelectrography 1967 – BRAZIL Prof. Newton Milhomens

Prof. Newton Milhomens At the end of 1967, in Brasilia (DF), he built his first Kirlian Camera, based on a Soviet electronic scheme, starting his scientific researches in Psychological Clinics, in 1968, and, later on, in Hospitals. Moving to Rio de Janeiro (RJ), in 1981, in that city he continued his researches. Currently, he is living in Curitiba (PR), ever since 1983. Professor Newton Milhomens books 1969 – GERMANY

Dr. Peter Mandel Dr. Peter Mandel YEARS 1970s It was published the book “Psychic Discoveries Behind the Iron Curtain” that was writen by the American press-women Sheyla Strander and Lynn Schroeder, that popularized worldwide the Semyon Kirlian researches. So, hundreds of persons, in all countries, started to build Kirlian Cameras and began to research with this new device, some of them in an amateur manner but another persons used a systematic and scientific manner. Unfortunately, this subject was divulged by International Press with sensationalism considering the Kirlian Photo as a mystic and supernatural subject. 1970 – BRAZIL Dr. Paulo de Castro Teixeira, a Homeopathic Pharmaceut from do Rio Preto (SP), built his Kirlian Camera and take hundreds of Kirlian Photos of several persons, before and at each 15 minutes, after those persons had ingested any homeopathic remedy, and he found several types of modifications, in the Kirlian Photos. He published several books, in Portuguese, all about his researches in this field and, till today, he is living in S?o Jos? do Rio Preto (SP), where he is the owner of a Pharmaceutic Industry that produces Homeopathic remedies. 1972 – BRAZIL Dr. Hernani G. Andrade He always was considered the greatest divulger of Spiritism in Brazil. He built his Kirlian Camera, in San Paulo (SP), and took many hundreds of Kirlian Photos of plants and human beings intending to prove the existence of Spirit with them, not only in human beings, but even in bacteria too. He only divulged his researches in Spiritist Magazines and Congresses mainly at the State of S?o Paulo (SP) where is considered the greatest one. 1974 - IKRA IKRA – The International Kirlian Research Association 1974 scientists from different countries came together in an international association for the study of Kirlian effect (The International Kirlian Research Association, IKRA) (Drexel University). The organization was formed in December 1974 at a seminar in the Community Hospital in Brooklyn, NY for the purpose of standardization and assistance at all stages of research into the Kirlian phenomenon. Dr. Benjamin Shafiroff, New York College of Medicine, USA President of the Association IKRA.

1974 – UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Dr. Stanley Krippner, PhD Psychologist and Parapsychologist, published the book “The Kirlian Aura” in which he described all that was known in that period, about Kirlian Photos, under a scientific approach.

The Probability Of The Impossible: Scientific Discoveries and Explorations of the Psychic World 1974 - The Probability Of The Impossible: Scientific Discoveries and Explorations of the Psychic World by Thelma Moss. In The Probability of the Impossible, Dr. Thelma Moss presents a rare picture of a parapsychologist at work in her laboratory and in the field. She explores the seemingly incredible assumptions of parapsychologists and carefully shows how the scientific psychical researcher attempts to recreate, capture, and analyze the elusive phenomena of the paranormal. Step by step, she leads the reader along a continuum from everyday experiences through events that happen only rarely and under "special" circumstances on to the extraordinary, indeed the seemingly impossible, experiences of both well-known and little-heralded psychics. She convincingly presents arguments for a psychic world as "real" as the material one.

Dr. Thelma Moss 1975 – UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Dr. Thelma Moss, PhD Psychologist and Professor of University of California, she started her researches on Kirlian Photos and published the book “The Probability of the Impossible”, where she reported her initial researches. Later on, she published another book “The Electric Body” in which she described her last researches in that University and showed to all, the reasons which provoked her removal, all of them were the result of pure preconception.

The living aura - Radiation field photography and the Kirlian effect 1975 - The living aura: Radiation field photography and the Kirlian effect by Kendall L Johnson 1978 - IUMAB IUMAB – International Union of Medical and Applied Bioelectrography, the maximum and the greatest Organization, at worldwide level, on Bioelectrography. Today, IUMAB is recognized by UNO/WHO and is considered by this UNO’s Organization as the maximum Bioelectrographic Organization on world whose rules, recommendations, directives and other acts are valid and must be observed in Bioelectrographic researches, courses, standards, etc. The International Union of Medical and Applied Bio-Electrography was formed in 1978 to help standardize equipment, research methods, and data acquisition. Researchers such as German naturopath and acupuncturist Peter Mandel and Newton Milhomens in Brazil developed their own way of interpretation of Kirlian photography of human fingers and toes. Peter Mandel was one of the first, who energized certain acupuncture points by using different colored lights to achieve a desired response. Mandel's Energy Analysis Emission diagnostic system utilized Kirlian photography and his Esogetic Colorpuncture therapy is believed to restore yin and yang equilibrium. All of these modalities, as well as non-invasive laser acupoint stimulation, have been used with varying degrees of success in thousands of patients over the years.

1979 - USA The Body Electric: A Personal Journey into the Mysteries of Parapsychological Research, Bioenergy and Kirlian Photography by Dr. Thelma Moss The Body Electric tells the fascinating story of our bioelectric selves. Robert O. Becker, a pioneer in the filed of regeneration and its relationship to electrical currents in living things, challenges the established mechanistic understanding of the body. He found clues to the healing process in the long-discarded theory that electricity is vital to life. But as exciting as Becker’s discoveries are, pointing to the day when human limbs, spinal cords, and organs may be regenerated after they have been damaged, equally fascinating is the story of Becker’s struggle to do such original work. The Body Electric explores new pathways in our understanding of evolution, acupuncture, psychic phenomena, and healing. 1983 – BRAZIL It was published, in Brazil, the book “Kirlian Photos – How to Interpret”, in Portuguese, whose author was Prof. Newton Milhomens, the first, on world, to teach how to diagnose almost all about the main problems of organic and psychic health using Kirlian Photos, where he described in details the way and the results of his researches, since 1968. 1983 – BRAZIL Newton Milhomens founded at Curitiba (PR) , his Industry and started to produce his first models of Kirlian Cameras which were initially sold to Brazilian doctors, psychologists and therapeuts.

Electrographic Imaging in Medicine & Biology by Ion Dumitrescu 1983 - Romania Electrographic Imaging in Medicine & Biology by Ion Dumitrescu 1985 – RUSSIA Dr. Konstantin Korotkov, PhD Physicist, Professor of the University of Saint Petersburg, after innumerable researches with a team of scientists of that University, he discovered that Kirlian Effect is the result of the ionization of gases and vapors exhaled by our skin, through the pores. He named this model GDV (Gas Discharge Visualization) or, simply, GDV Technique, Electrophotonic Imaging, EPI. 1986 – BRAZIL At Curitiba (PR), the Ist Brazilian Congress on Kirliangraphy was realized with more than 250 Brazilian researchers on Kirliangraphy that came from all Brazil. During this Congress, it was approved by unanimous decision the “Newton Milhomens Standard” as the Brazilian Official Standard of Kirliangraphy. 1987 – BRAZIL It was published (in Portuguese) in Revista do Hospital das Foras Armadas (Magazine of the Brazilian Armed Forces Hospital), a scientific magazine on Military Medical Area, a Scientific Article entitled “Kirliangraphic Diagnosis on Oncology” that was written by two military doctors from Curitiba (PR): – Drs. J?lio Grott and H?lio Grott Filho. They discovered a sign that they named “fracture”, which is the sign able to diagnose cancer in human beings. 1987 – ARGENTINA Prof. Newton Milhomens was invited to dictate some lectures at Buenos Aires to hundreds of persons. By this way, Kirliangraphy with a scientific approach was introduced in that South American country. AROUND THE WORLD – YEARS 1987/95 During this period of 8 years, hundreds of articles, theses of post-graduation, and several books using Kirlian Photos, were published at several countries on world, including Brazil. Some of those books were written in an amateuristic manner but other ones, however, were written seriously with many scientific and systematic foundation and accurate statistic treatment. Thus, the scientific phase of Kirliangraphy was starting. 1989 – PORTUGAL Prof. Newton Milhomens was invited to dictate a lecture on Kirliangraphy at Lisbon, Portugal, during a Congress on Parapsychology, sponsored by Escola Superior de Biologia e Sa? de (Superior School of Biology and Health) and so, he introduced Kirliangraphy with a scientific approach in Portugal. During this period, he taught Kirliangraphy as an official matter subject of the course of Naturopatic Medicine in that Portuguese University. 1990 – PORTUGAL Prof. Newton Milhomens returned to Portugal to teach Kirliangraphy in Superior School of Biology and Health, at Lisbon, Portugal. This event was noticed by several local newspaper and the Tass TV Agency, from Russia, asked for him an interview that would be shown to all the russian territory to demonstrate that a Brazilian was teaching in Europe a Russian technique based on an engine that was invented by a Russian, Semyon Kirlian.

Dr. Konstantin Korotkov and GDVCAMERA 1995 – RUSSIA After many years of researches, he was succeeded to build a new Kirlian Camera which declines the photographic film and puts the GDV image directly at a computer’s screen. It was a new milestone in the History of Bioelectrography. First GDVCAMERA by Dr. Konstantin Korotkov on Saint-Petersburg, Russia created. More details on Bio-Well History. The GDV camera is based on the stimulation of photon and electron emissions from an object when it is placed in an electromagnetic field and subjected to brief electrical pulses. This process is called ‘photo-electron emission’ and has been thoroughly studied with cutting edge electronic techniques. The emitted particles accelerate in the electromagnetic field, generating electronic avalanches on the surface of the dielectric (glass) plate in a process called ‘sliding gas discharge. The discharge causes a glow from the excitement of molecules in the surrounding gas which is constantly measured. Voltage pulses stimulate optoelectronic emissions that are amplified in the gas discharge, and light produced by this process is recorded by a sensitive CCD (charge coupled device) camera that converts it into a colored computer image, or BIO-gram. Data obtained from the fingers of both hands are converted into a Human Energy Field image using proprietary sophisticated software. Russian books about Bioelectrography. 1996 – THE “WAVE” Induced by the success of the researches on Kirlian field, radiotechnicians on all countries around the world started to produce Kirlian Cameras from “backyard”. It was the radiotechnicians worldwide “wave”… As their unique intention was merely commercial, they never were interested in a standard and these “backyard standard” Kirlian Cameras never had a good quality and no stability but were enormously cheap, because they used the worse electronic components and also because anyone of these “producers” never made or had any participation in any kind of scientific experiment on Kirlian field and no one of them had any universitary education and the outsiders of Kirlian researches started to use the Kirlian Camera searching Mysticism and Supernatural exploring this new “commercial mystic field” in Fairs and Parks what was again divulged by International Press with much more sensacionalism and the name “Kirlian” lost credibility. Any samples of “backyard standards” around the world. 1998 – THE INTERNET When the Internet becomes firm and trustable, the informations become much more easy to be interchangeable at world wide level and the Kirlian subject appeared in several homepages. Many of them were only showing interest in commercial sales and another ones, on mysticism and supernaturalism. However, many serious homepages were taking aim at scientific publications or at a simple change of scientific informations were beginning to appear as the case of Prof. Newton Milhomens, in Brazil, Dr. Korotkov, in Russia, Dr. Peter Mandel, in Germany. Dr. Tom Chalko in Australia. IUMAB.org, GDVPLANET.com, GDVCAMERA.com, Kirlian.ru, GDVSOFTWARE.com, GDVsputnik.com and many other homepages from serious researchers around the world. 1998 – NEW ZEALAND Prof. Newton Milhomens was invited by Dr. Robert Beasley (center) to dictate a lecture on Kirliangraphy in a Congress at Auckland, New Zealand, where he knew Dr. Tom Chalko (right) that was researching on Kirliangraphy at Melbourne, Australia. 1998 - IUMAB Review IUMAB Review - Annual Digest Established by Professor Pavel Bundzen and Kirill Korotkov in 1998

IUMAB Review 2012 The International Union of Medical and Applied Bioelectrography publishes the IUMAB Review one time per year, and is free to all Regular Members. It contains original articles, news and book reviews. Current and past editions of IUMAB Review are ready for download as PDF files for IUMAB Regular Members. 1999 – RUSSIA In the beginning of this year, Ministry of Health, in Russia, declared that Kirliangraphy was Officially Admitted as a Scientific Fact and its main appliance was recommended in Medical Practice. In September, the Russian Academy of Sciences, during a Congress in Moscow, with more than 300 of the most renown russian scientists, officially admitted Kirliangraphy as a SCIENTIFIC FACT. 1999 – BRAZIL In April, at Curitiba (PR), occurred the IVth Brazilian Congress of Kirliangraphy, with the presence of more than 200 persons and the Russian Physicist, Dr. Konstantin Korotkov, PhD, was invited to be the special international invited lecturer. 2000 – RUSSIA Prof. Newton Milhomens was invited as Honor Invited Lecturer to a Congress that occurred at Saint Petersburg. During a certain night, inside a ship on Ladoga Lake, he was honored because he was the first researcher on world to have discovered how to diagnose problems of psychic and organic health using Kirlian Photos. 2000 – BRAZIL Sponsored by IUMAB it was realized, at Curitiba (PR), the Vth Worldwide Conference on Kirliangraphy-2000, with the presence of 350 persons, where 45 of them were europeans. There were 5 lecturers from several European countries and 5 ones from Brazil. During the Vth Worldwide Conference on Kirliangraphy-2000, were presented two new discoveries on organic health area: – The signs that shows Allergic process, by Dra. Celia Cruz, from St Paulo, and the scientific proof of Flower therapy efficiency, by Prof. Rodrigo Campos, from Minas Gerais, a meeting of IUMAB Directory occurred and the executives deliberated that, on all the world, would be valid only 3 (three) OFFICIAL WORLDWIDE STANDARDS of Kirlian Cameras (in alphabetic order): Brazil – Newton Milhomens Standard Germany – Peter Mandel Standard Russia – Konstantin Korotkov Standard

Konstantin Korotkov, Rosemary Steel, Peter Mandel 2000 – BRAZIL (THE 3 OFFICIAL STANDARDS) Left – Camera and Kirlian Photo of “Newton Milhomens Standard” – Brazil Center – Camera and Kirlian Photo of “Peter Mandel Standard” – Germany Right – Camera and Kirlian Image of “Konstantin Korotkov” – Russia During the same Vth Worldwide Conference on Kirliangraphy – 2000’s meeting, Dr. Konstantin Korotkov was elected by unanimous decision the President of IUMAB. Prof. Newton Milhomens was elected the Vice-President of IUMAB on Brazil, and also the IUMAB’s Official Plenipotentiary Representative on Brazil. Yet during the same Vth Worldwide Conference on Kirliangraphy-2000, the Rector of UNESC – Universidade do Extremo Sul de Santa Catarina (University of the Extreme South of Saint Katherine), Brazil, officially informed that Kirliangraphy would be introduced in that University, as official subject Matter in the Courses of Medicine and Psychcology, with official authorization from Brazilian Ministry of Education. Yet during the same Vth Worldwide Conference on Kirliangraphy-2000’s meeting, the IUMAB’s Directory deliberated by unanimous decision to change, from day 12/01/2000 toward, the name Kirliangraphy to Bioelectrography, in honor to Fr. Roberto Landell de Moura, the first researcher on world to use this name and to research on this subject during the period from 1904 to 1912. It happened a ceremony of homage to Fr.Landell symbolized by the delivery of a bust of him to Dr. Korotkov by Profa Vania Abatte, Curator of the Landell de Moura’s Museum, at Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil. 2000 – RUSSIA/BRAZIL The letter from Dr. Korotkov, as IUMAB’s President, confirming to exhibit the bust of Fr. Landell in Kirliangraphy Museum, in Russia, what really came to be true. 2000 – RUSSIA The Fr. Roberto Landell de Moura’s bust is in exhibition in the Kirliangraphy Museum, in Russia, beside the busts of Kirlian couple together a book which tells, in Portuguese, the Biography of this Brazilian eminent scientist and another book, in Russian, with the Biography of the Russian couple. 2001 – BRAZIL The Bioelectrography is taught as official subject of the Course of Holistic Terapies, at University Est?cio de S?, in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), where the first course of How to Interpret Kirlian Photos, was taught in official manner, by Prof. Newton Milhomens, to the first graduating class in that University. 2001/2002 – AROUND THE WORLD Dr. Konstantin Korotkov, PhD During this period, Dr. Korotkov was travelling to U.S.A., Europe and another countries to divulge Bioelectrography. Prof. Newton Milhomens also was traveling to several South America countries and to all the Brazil to do the same. 2002 – BRAZIL Several theses of Graduation and Post-Graduation, including theses of Post-PhD, were presented in several Brazilian Universities, for example, USP, UNICAMP and UFSC, in several Post-Graduation Courses of these Universities, all of them using the Bioelectrography as an auxiliary researches’ instrument. Several Professors from USP and from another Brazilian Universities are purchasing Kirlian Cameras and realizing serious researches, on several areas of human and vegetable health using the Bioelectrography as an auxiliary instrument in their researches. Also many of these Professors are coming to Curitiba (PR) to learn How to Interpret Kirlian Photos with Prof. Newton Milhomens. It was officially and legally founded, at Santo Paulo (SP) , the UBBA – Unio Brasileira de Bioeletrografia Aplicada (Brazilian Union of Applied Bioelectrography) that is recognized by IUMAB and is the greatest directive Oranization in Brazil on the Bioelectrographic field. Its current President of Honor is Prof. Newton Milhomens and the current Executive President is Dr. Celia Cruz. 2003 - BRAZIL Dr. Selma Milhomens Psychologist and wife of Prof.. Newton Milhomens, began teaching in Bioelectrography UNIABEL - Open University of Educational Freedom in Curitiba (PR), as a discipline curriculum for the courses that University ofBiotherapy curitibana. 2004 - COLOMBIA Dr. Edith Torres Noboa, Ecuador Medical, based in Cali, Colombia, degenerative disease specialist and former student of Professor. Newton Milhomens, is using the Bioelectrography as an aid to diagnosis in their patients with great success. RUSSIA – 2002-2012 Dr. Konstantin Korotkov Dr. Korotkov is using GDV CAMERA for sport research. He is Professor, PhD, Deputy Director of Saint-Petersburg Federal Research Institute of Physical Culture. Dr. Korotkov’s Laboratory creates new GDV Software and GDV Cameras. Every year International Bioelectrography Congress collects hundreds researchers from over the World. 2012 - Human Light System Research Project launched IUMAB community are growing. Research project Human Light System brings new Energy to IUMAB. 2012 - Korotkov’s images – Kirlian images downloaded and processed on GDV Software.Korotkov’s images – BEO gram, GDV images, EPI images, Bio-Well images, etc.

GDV basic Korotkov image is a complex 2-D figure with each pixel characterized by its brightness coded by integer in the range of 0 (“black”) to 255 (“white”). Geometrical parameters of GDV-images (e.g., the area defined as a sum of pixels exceeding the specified brightness threshold; fractality coefficient defined as relation of the length of the image perimeter to its average radius multiplied by 2Pi, the breadth of streamers) contain the information about the object’s characteristics. For example, with an increase of ion concentration in liquid the glow increases while the streamer breadth decreases. To include such data into the structure of a complex biophysical experiment quantitative processing of the obtained images is required. GDV chart, GDV Diagnosis Chart, GDV Maps, GDV Tables

The Energy of Consciousness - new book by Dr. Korotkov 2014 - Bio-Well New model of GDVCAMERA – BIO-WELL opened next level of Electrophotonic Research. GDVCAMERA BIO-WELL has been developed by Dr. Konstantin Korotkov and brings the powerful technology known as Gas Discharge Visualization technique to market in a more accessible way than ever before. The product consists of a desktop camera and accompanying software, which allows a user to quickly and easily conduct human energy scans. Accessory attachments, like GDV SPUTNIK, BIO-COR and other are also available for purchase to conduct environment and object scans.

2014 - GDV Sputnik GDVSPUTNIK is a sensor and attachment system that affixes to the Bio-Well device, allowing for the energy of an environment to be read. BENEFITS of GDVSPUTNIK: Measure the energy of different places of interest during travels. Allows you to see the influence of Moon phases, Sun storms and environmental conditions to space, and, hence, to your wellbeing. Sputnik allows you to find the best position of a bed in your bedroom. Measure response to human emotions, meditations, pray, both individual and collective within an environment. Sputnik may detect the influence of music to the audience. Gas Discharge Visualization (GDV) technology was developed in Russia by the team of Professor Konstantin Korotkov in 1995. The GDV camera is a state-of-the-art computerized system that has superseded traditional Kirlian photography for several reasons. A major difference is that it allows direct, real-time viewing and analysis of changes in human energy fields since the data is quantified and analyzed by sophisticated software. Because the results are obtained so rapidly, it has become an ‘‘express-method’’ not only for diagnosis, but also detecting abnormalities that require more detailed investigation. Most importantly, since this technology and the protocols used are standardized, GDV results obtained by different investigators can be compared with reliability. The results are interpreted based on the energy connections of fingers with different organs and systems via meridians that have been used in acupuncture and traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. This technology has extraordinary implications for all health related fields, including conventional as well as complementary or alternative therapies. A comprehensive review of these varied GDV applications can be found in a recent book co-authored with Dr. E. Yakovleva from Moscow Medical University. Research with the GDV device is currently being carried out at universities and research institutes worldwide in medicine, "energy medicine", athletic training, biophysics, parapsychology, and other disciplines (please, see Papers section). GDV has been used in numerous significant research projects that have confirmed its usefulness and reliability and value. GDV technology provides a convenient and user friendly method to assess patients with a wide range of complaints and can also be utilized to assess responses to drugs, meditation, stress reduction therapy or any other interventions.

2014 - Human Light System Online Course Human Light System – Experimental Online 5 years Course. Online lectures, 2-3 times per week. 42 lectures per course. HLS 1.0 – Human Light System devices 2014/2015 Season 2015 - Bio-Well Water tester The Bio-Well Water electrode connects to the Bio-Well Calibration Unit similarly to the Sputnik and allows for the testing of water’s response to environmental stimuli. It is not designed for evaluation of water quality or comparing different types of water from quality standpoint. Bio-Well Water electrode

2015 - Biocor BIOCOR is a unique device that aids in shifting and correcting your energy state and balance through the use of high frequencies. This device can be used independently from BioWell or it can be used in conjunction with the Chakra audio setting in the BioWell software. BIOCOR – correction device of human energy field using information extracted fingers with GDV BIO-WELL. These results may help to develop a better quality of life. Biocor uses super Hight Frequency (SHF) in the range Higo-Hertz (4.9 mm (60.12 HHz), 5.6 mm (53,53 HHz) and 7.1 mm (42.19 HHz) of very low intensity (less than 10 mW/cm2). 2015 - Georges Vieilledent and Electrophotonique Ingenierie · France Electrophotonique Ingenierie is an innovative company working on corona effect and development of solutions based on the use of electromagnetic waves. From its basic research, the company has developed a unique patented device to highlight informational fields never identified to date. This device, designed for research laboratories, universities and specialized institutes, opens important perspectives in the healthcare and biotechnology. 2016 - The Biointernet meditation The Biointernet meditation - online experiment with GDV Sputnik. Every Saturday.

The Biointernet Meditation HLS 2.0 Online Course and Human Light System International Workshop, Prague. 2017 - The Energy of Space https://youtu.be/pnXGbwYLlYE The Energy of Space project established.Bio-Well Glove – new version of BioClip that will be called from now on Bio-Well Glove. Our research has shown that blue BioClip sensor had very low sensitivity and was almost useless in experiments.The Energy of Health - new book by Dr. KorotkovThe Energy of Space - new book by Dr. KorotkovHuman Light System Congress Training, Prague 2017 - New Books by Professor Konstantin Korotkov on IUMAB Library

IUMAB Library 2018 - Online Education by Korotkov.TV Bio-Well AnalysisBio-Well Applications Online workshops and trainings with GDVCAMERA BIO-WELL on Human Light System Course 2018 - Bio-Well 2.0 The same quality (Bio-Well 1.0) plus $600! Another one commercial product from Bio-Well company. 2018 - HLS Congress Beach Human Light System Congress on the Beach, Burgas, Bulgaria. HLS Congress Beach - practical 2 weeks the Biointernet training with Translighters and GDVCAMERA. HLS Congress Beach - new system of Education 2018 - GDVCAMERA Crownscopy updated

GDV Crownscopy Software 2019 - Bioelectrography Education Inside Human Light System Course: Bio-Well video courseGDV Diagnostics video courseGDV Diagnostics 2 with Kirill Korotkov and Alexander Dvoryanchikov GDV BIOELECTROGRAPHY – PAGES OF HISTORY AND MODERN DEVELOPMENT So where is the similarity in the experiments of Lichtenberg, Tesla and the lightning? In all those cases the gas discharge appears near the earth rod. High field intensity is formed near its sharp end when placed into an electrical field. Electrons, which always exist in the air or are emitted by the bodies, start speeding up in this field and, having picked up necessary speed, ionize air molecules. Those, in their turn, emit photons, mostly in the blue and ultraviolet spectral regions. Here the glow appears. What is more, from the viewpoint of physics both a nail, a tree, a human finger, and a person can be the rod. Everything depends on the scale. Generators used in Bioelectrography have very small power. It means that they can not give high current, even if you lick the electrode with your tongue. In addition, these generators make use of high-frequency voltages and short impulses, and by the laws of physiology such current can not penetrate into the organism, as it slides on the skin surface. In XX'th century many researchers was attracted by Kirlian photography, hundreds books and papers were published, but scientific acceptance of Kirlian photography was rather limited because the quality of equipment used by early investigators varied considerably and results were inconsistent since there was no standardization. Things improved when a multidisciplinary group headed by William Eidson, professor of physics at Drexel University in Philadelphia, showed it was possible to image electrical parameters of a specimen in real time, thus making it possible to map human energy fields and any rapid changes. This six-year project and related research were summarized in a 1976 article in the prestigious journal Science. Bioelectrography patents.

The History of Bioelectrography Light and Love, Dear Friends! Welcome to IUMAB! See more on IUMAB History Research Department Welcome to IUMAB! Be a Member! https://www.gdvplanet.com/product/umab-regular-memberships/ The History of Bioelectrography 2019 - Bio-Well Element - the same Bio-Well device, but GDVCAMERA Bio-Well Element What is the Bio-Well Element?

GDVCAMERA Bio-Well Element Bio-Well Element is a GDVCAMERA (gas discharge visualization) from 4 Generation of GDVCAMERA. It intended for Kirlian photography of various materials and liquids. It has a larger horizontal glass electrode than a GDV Bio-Well camera, which allows the user to lay conductive objects flat on its surface. This is main difference with GDVCAMERA Bio-Well 2.0. Bio-Well Element has the same low quality of images like Bio-Well or Bio-Well 2.0. 2019 Kirlian Photography as Art and Science - online Kirlian museum Kirlian Photography as Art and Science - group on Facebook Read the full article

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kabirsales-blog · 7 years

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zoeyisagirl · 3 years

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What are the types of disc insulators?

Insulators have many types, like shackle, strain, suspension and pin insulator. The insulators work to provide necessary insulation between line conductors and supports and thus prevent any leakage current from conductors to earth which is as important as conductors in the external overhead electrical system. Further information is as following.

A high-quality disc insulator must have high mechanical strength in order to withstand conductor load, wind load etc as well as high electrical resistance of insulator material in order to avoid leakage currents to earth. Besides that, they should be made by high relative permittivity of insulator material in order that dielectric strength is high. The insulator material be non-porous, free from impurities and cracks otherwise the permittivity will be lowered with a high ratio of puncture strength to flashover.

The most commonly used material for insulators of overhead lines is ceramics, but glass, talc and materials with special components are also used to a certain extent. Porcelain is made by firing a mixture of kaolin, feldspar and Shi Ying at high temperature. It is mechanically stronger than glass, and has less trouble in leaking and is less affected by temperature changes.

Different types of insulators in transmission lines:

The most commonly used are pin type, suspension type, strain insulator and shackle insulator.

NO.1 pin insulators

As the first overhead insulator, pin insulators are commonly used among transmission lines with 33kv voltage or lower voltage. Pin insulators can be divided into ordinary type (single umbrella), double umbrella type or three umbrella type, and the choice of these insulators depend mainly on the line voltage. In 11 kV power system, we usually use ordinary pin insulator, that is, the whole pin insulator has only one umbrella canopy.

There are two main reasons for the design of pin insulator umbrella skirt. First of all, since the leakage path of an insulator is through its surface, the leakage distance can be extended by increasing the vertical length of its surface area in the manufacturing process of an insulator. In other words, providing one, two or more canopy or umbrella skirts on the insulator body can make it obtain a longer creep distance. In addition, beside increasing creepage distance, the insulator skirt design has another purpose: when it rains, the outer surface of the umbrella skirt will be wet by rain, but the inner surface will remain dry and non-conductive, thus interrupting the conduction of current on the wet pin insulator surface.

In 33 kv and 66 kV high voltage power system, ordinary pin insulator is difficult to perform the task of high voltage porcelain. Because the higher the voltage, the thicker the insulation layer required to ensure adequate insulation during operation. In this case, power systems prefer multi-umbrella pin insulators, in which multiple umbrella skirts are fastened together to form a complete insulator unit. And 33 kv power system generally uses double umbrella type pin insulator, 66 kV power generally uses three umbrella type pin insulator.

NO.2 suspension insulator

As we mentioned above, with the voltage increasing the costs of using ordinary pin insulator are also growing. Therefore, it is not economical to apply pin insulator in a high voltage transmission line. But suspension insulator could work in transmission lines with a high voltage. Suspension insulator is commonly used in high voltage transmission lines. Suspension insulators can be divided into disk type suspension insulators and rod type suspension insulators. Disk-type suspension insulators are the most widely used insulators in transmission lines. Rod type suspension insulators have been widely used in Germany and other countries.

Suspension insulators consist of several porcelain plates, which are connected in series by metal links in the form of strings. The conductor is carried by the bottom insulator, while the top insulator is fixed to the cross arm of the tower. A single insulator plate can be used for low voltage lines, while multiple insulator plates connected in series can be used for higher voltage lines. For example, six 11kV insulator plates connected in series can be used for 66kV transmission and distribution lines.

NO.3 strain insulator

Strain insulator is an important part of transmission line, including porcelain strain insulator, composite strain insulator and glass strain insulator. Strain insulators can effectively isolate conductors from the ground based on keeping the position of each conductor unchanged, futher to enhance the safety of transmission line environment.

In the daily operation and maintenance of transmission lines, the geographical environment and weather conditions of transmission lines are complex and changeable, and insulators will inevitably be damaged. Tension insulator is the most common product in transmission lines, which is often used together with matching hardware fittings to achieve the function of high voltage electrical porcelain insulation. In addition, in actual business, according to the construction needs of power system, the construction party also combines several tension insulators to meet the tension requirements of transmission lines.

NO.4 shackle insulator

Shackle insulators (also known as spool insulators) are usually used in low voltage transmission lines. It can be used in both the horizontal or vertical positions. With the increasing number of underground cables for distribution purpose, the application of such insulator has decreased rapidly.

If you are looking for a disc insulator supplier, we are looking forward to be your first choice as JiangDong Group Co,Ltd, a professional insulator manufacturer, has engaged in telecom, power, renewable energy for 26 years. If you have any need, please feel free to contact us.

#insulators

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renda-chan · 3 years

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Jual Harvik Fire Boots

Deskripsi :

Harvik Fire Boots adalah sepatu pemadam kebakaran, bagian atas tahan api dengan penutup kaki baja dan sol tengah baja, tahan guncangan listrik, sol anti selip tahan panas dan oli, tahan air 100%, upper dan sol karet vulkanisir, dan perlindungan tunggal.

Jenis Konstruksi :

- Electric Shock Resistant-meet CSA - Z195-02, (Hingga 18kV) - Ketahanan terhadap Kontak Panas - memenuhi EN 345-2 - Penyerapan Energi - memenuhi EN 345-2 - Isolasi Dingin - memenuhi EN 345-2

Midsole Baja

- Satu bagian Stainless Steel, memenuhi CSA-Z195-02 - Penetrasi Tunggal dan uji melenturkan EN 345

Kaki Baja

- Memenuhi Dampak dan Kompresi EN 345

Tahan Bahan Kimia

- Tahan atas terhadap asam ringan dan alkali - Satu-satunya tahan terhadap asam ringan fitur

- Kenyamanan ekstra dengan anyaman kanvas katun - Bagian atas tahan api dengan insulasi panas - Karet yang diperkuat - Tahan air - Visibilitas tinggi dengan kontras hitam dan kuning - Sol luar karet tahan api - Sol tahan bahan bakar minyak cocok untuk lingkungan yang berbahaya - Harvik Fire Boots Indonesia - Outsole karet vulkanisir yang tahan slip - Tahan abrasi yang sangat baik untuk daya tahan ekstra - Tahan 18kV arus kehidupan pada kondisi kering - Desain penyerapan energi tumit untuk meminimalkan benturan tumit - Dilayani untuk memasukkan suhu tinggi - Konstruksi sol isolasi dingin - Baja tahan karat tidak korosif - Tahan pin & benda tajam - Tutup kaki berlapis epoksi - Memenuhi uji impak dan kompresi EN ISO 20345 - Perlindungan andal di lingkungan dingin & panas - Sole & Upper - Tahan terhadap asam ringan dan basa - Lapisan pernis untuk perlindungan cuaca

Standar Eropa CE Disetujui :

- EN 15090: 2006 (F2 IS HI3 P T CI) - EN ISO 20345: 2004 (SB P E CI SRA) Standar Australia Selandia Baru Disetujui- - AS / NZS 4821: 2006 (P E T I HI) - F2 = Alas kaki tipe 2 untuk petugas pemadam kebakaran yang cocok untuk penyelamatan kebakaran, kebakaran penindasan, konservasi properti & dll. - SB = Perlindungan Dasar Standar sesuai EN ISO 20345 - IS / I = Sol Luar Resistensi Listrik Tinggi - HI 3 = Tingkat Isolasi Panas 3 - CI = Isolasi Dingin - SRA = Ketahanan Selip pada ubin keramik dengan Sodium Lauryl Sulphate - E = Penyerapan Energi Tumit - P = Resistensi Penetrasi - T = Perlindungan Jari Kaki - HRO = Tahan terhadap kontak panas

CSA Z195-02 / ASTM F 2413-11 Perlindungan kaki tingkat 1 Resistensi penetrasi Perlindungan Resistensi Kejut Listrik (ESR) 18 kV

SAFETY MART INDONESIA menjual berbagai macam safety boot salah satunya Jual Harvik Fire Boots dan berbagai jenis sepatu boot safety lainnya.

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jayashreeblr-blog · 5 years

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Aging equipment, increased demand, capacity bottlenecks, along with rising emphasis toward the capacity addition of power generation will enhance the industry growth of electric insulators.

Electric Insulator MarketElectric Insulator Market is segmented by the material, voltage, application, product, end use, rating, installation and region. Based on material segment porcelain electric insulators has dominated the global electric insulator market in 2017. Ability to offer optimum mechanical strength and withstanding considerable stress resistance are the key factors supporting the product’s dominance across the industry landscape among other segments. Moreover, the growing prominence of polymeric counterparts is expected to offer a competitive edge to these insulators.

Under the product segment, pin electric insulator held highest market share in 2017. These insulators find applications across distribution and sub-transmission lines, in form of single-piece or multi-piece, depending on the voltage of application. High anti-fog performance, ease of manufacturing, and operational flexibility are also some of the underlying parameters that support the product penetration of pin electric insulator.

Electric Insulator are be also segmented based on applications, where the transformers segment held the highest market share primarily driven by rising concerns over power thefts & protection along with increased focus on real-time monitoring of power networks.

Asia-Pacific among other regions held the largest Electric Insulator Market share in 2017 and is also expected to have a high growth rate in the forecast period with China being a major contributor to the overall market. Favorable government reforms toward energy efficiency along with strengthening focus on up-gradation and expansion of the existing R&D infrastructure will propel the market growth. For instance, in 2016 the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) announced plans to expand investment in the country’s electrical transmission infrastructure by 28% over the period of next five years.

Key player across the electric insulator industry are General Electric, ABB, Siemens, Hubbell Lapp Insulators, and NGK Insulators. Major industry participants are focusing on design innovations and expansion of the product line as part of a strategy to meet the regulatory standards and enhance the market presence. Furthermore, electric insulator manufacturers are undertaking M&A activities to expand their global footprint.

For More Information Visit

https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/electric-insulator-market/11647/

Market Scope High-Voltage Switchgear Market:

High-Voltage Switchgear Market By Material

Ceramic/Porcelain

Glass

Composite

High-Voltage Switchgear Market By Voltage

High

Medium

Low

High-Voltage Switchgear MarketBy Application

Cables and transmission lines

Switchgears

Transformers

Busbars

Others

High-Voltage Switchgear Market By Product

Suspension

Shackle

Others

High-Voltage Switchgear Market By End-Use

Residential

Commercial & Industrial

Utilities

High-Voltage Switchgear Market By Rating

<11 kV

11 kV

22 kV

33 kV

72.5 kV

145 kV

220 kV

400 kV

800 kV

1200 kV

High-Voltage Switchgear Market By Installation

Distribution

Transmission

Substation

Railways

Others

High-Voltage Switchgear Market By Geography

North America

Europe

Asia-Pacific

Middle East & Africa

Latin America

Key Players operating in the High-Voltage Switchgear Market:

General Electric

ABB

Siemens

Hubbell Lapp Insulators

NGK Insulators

Aditya Birla.

Maclean Fogg

Elsewedy Electric

Seves Group

BHEL

TE Connectivity

This Report Is Submitted By @Maximize Market Research Company

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siva3155 · 5 years

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300+ TOP TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION Objective Questions and Answers

TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION Multiple Choice Questions :-

1. By which of the following systems electric power may be transmitted ? (a) Overhead system (b) Underground system (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above Ans: c 2. are the conductors, which connect the consumer's terminals to the distribution (a) Distributors (b) Service mains (c) Feeders (d) None of the above Ans: b 3. The underground system cannot be operated above (a) 440 V (b) 11 kV (c) 33 kV (d) 66 kV Ans: d 4. Overhead system can be designed for operation up to (a) 11 kV (b) 33 kV (c) 66 kV (d) 400 kV Ans: c 5. If variable part of annual cost on account of interest and depreciation on the capital outlay is equal to the annual cost of electrical energy wasted in the conductors, the total annual cost will be minimum and the corresponding size of conductor will be most economical. This statement is known as (a) Kelvin's law (b) Ohm's law (c) Kirchhoffs law (d) Faraday's law (e) none of the above Ans: a 6. The wooden poles well impregnated with creosite oil or any preservative compound have life (a) from 2 to 5 years (b) 10 to 15 years (c) 25 to 30 years (d) 60 to 70 years Ans: c 7. Which of the following materials is not used for transmission and distribution of electrical power ? (a) Copper (b) Aluminium (c) Steel (d) Tungsten Ans: d 8. Galvanised steel wire is generally used as (a) stay wire (b) earth wire (c) structural components (d) all of the above Ans: d 9. The usual spans with R.C.C. poles are (a) 40—50 meters (b) 60—100 meters (c) 80—100 meters (d) 300—500 meters Ans: c 10. The corona is considerably affected by which of the following ? (a) Size of the conductor (b) Shape of the conductor (c) Surface condition of the conductor (d) All of the above Ans: d 11. Which of the following are the constants of the transmission lines ? (a) Resistance (b) Inductance (c) Capacitance (d) All of the above Ans: d 12. 310 km line is considered as (a) a long line (b) a medium line (c) a short line (d) any of the above Ans: a 13. The phenomenon qf rise in voltage at the receiving end of the open-circuited or lightly loaded line is called the (a) Seeback effect (b) Ferranti effect (c) Raman effect (d) none of the above Ans: b 14. The square root of the ratio of line impedance and shunt admittance is called the (a) surge impedance of the line (b) conductance of the line (c) regulation of the line (d) none of the above Ans: a 15. Which of the following is the demerit of a 'constant voltage transmission system' ? (a) Increase of short-circuit current of the system (b) Availability of steady voltage at all loads at the line terminals (c) Possibility of better protection for the line due to possible use of higher terminal reactants (d) Improvement of power factor at times of moderate and heavy loads (e) Possibility of carrying increased power for a given conductor size in case of long-distance heavy power transmission Ans: a 16. Low voltage cables are meant for use up to (a)l.lkV (b)3.3kV (c)6.6kV (d)llkV Ans: e 17. The operating voltage of high voltage cables is up to (a)l.lkV (b)3.3kV (c)6.6kV (d)llkV Ans: d 18. The operating voltage of supertension cables is up to (a) 3.3 kV (b) 6.6 kV (c) 11 kV (d) 33 kV Ans: d 19. The operating voltage of extra high tension cables is upto (a) 6.6 kV (b) 11 kV (c) 33 kV (d) 66 kV (e) 132 kV Ans: d 20. Which of the following methods is used for laying of underground cables ? (a) Direct laying (b) Draw-in-system (c) Solid system (d) All of the above Ans: d 21. Which of the following is the source of heat generation in the cables ? (a) Dielectric losses in cable insulation (b) losses in the conductor (c) Losses in the metallic sheathings and armourings (d) All of the above Ans: 22. Due to which of the following reasons the cables should not be operated too hot ? (a) The oil may loose its viscosity and it may start drawing off from higher levels (b) Expansion of the oil may cause the sheath to burst (c) Unequal expansion may create voids in the insulation which will lead to ionization (d) The thermal instability may rise due to the rapid increase of dielectric losses with temperature (e) All of the above Ans: e 23. Which of the following D.C. distribution system is the simplest and lowest in first cost ? (a) Radial system (b) Ring system (c) Inter-connected system (d) None of the above Ans: a 24. A booster is a (a) series wound generator (b) shunt wound generator (c) synchronous generator (d) none of the above Ans: a 25. Besides a method of trial and error, which of the following methods is employed for solution of network problems in interconnected system ? (a) Circulating current method (b) Thevenin's theorem (c) Superposition of currents (d) Direct application of Kirehhoffs laws (e) All of the above Ans: e 26. Which of the following faults is most likely to occur in cables ? (a) Cross or short-circuit fault (b) Open circuit fault (c) Breakdown of cable insulation (d) All of the above Ans: 27. The cause of damage to the lead sheath of a cable is (a) crystallisation of the lead through vibration (b) chemical action on the lead when buried in the earth (c) mechanical damage (d) all of the above Ans: 28. The voltage of the single phase supply to residential consumers is (a) 110 V (b) 210 V (c) 230 V (d) 400 V Ans: c 29. Most of the high voltage transmission lines in India are (a) underground (b) overhead (c) either of the above (d) none of the above Ans: b 30. The distributors for residential areas are (a) single phase (b) three-phase three wire (c) three-phase four wire (d) none of the above Ans: c 31. The conductors of the overhead lines are (a) solid (b) stranded (c) both solid and stranded (d) none of the above Ans: 32. High voltage transmission lines use (a) suspension insulators (b) pin insulators (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of the above Ans: a 33. Multicore cables generally use (a) square conductors (b) circular conductors (c) rectangular conductors (d) sector-shaped conductors (e) none of the above Ans: d 34. Distribution lines in India generally use (a) wooden poles (b) R.C.C. poles (c) steel towers (d) none of the above Ans: b 35. The material commonly used for insulation in high voltage cables is (a) lead (b) paper (c) rubber (d) none of the above Ans: b 36. The loads on distributors systems are generally (a) balanced (b) unbalanced (c) either of the above (d) none of the above Ans: b 37. The power factor of industrial loads is generally (a) unity (b) lagging (c) leading (d) zero Ans: b 38. Overhead lines generally use (a) copper conductors (b) all aluminium conductors (c) A.C.S.R. conductors (d) none of these Ans: c 39. In transmission lines the cross-arms are made of (a) copper (b) wood (c) R.C.C. (d) steel Ans: d 40. The material generally used for armour of high voltage cables is (a) aluminium (b) steel (c) brass (d) copper Ans: b 41. Transmission line insulators are made of (a) glass (b) porcelain (c) iron (d) P.V.C. Ans: 42. The material commonly used for sheaths of underground cables is (a) lead (b) rubber (c) copper (d) iron Ans: a 43. The minimum clearance between the ground and a 220 kV line is about (a) 4.3 m (b) 5.5 m (c) 7.0 m (d) 10.5 m Ans: c 44. The spacing between phase conductors of a 220 kV line is approximately equal to (a) 2 m (b) 3.5 m (c) 6 m (d) 8.5 m Ans: c 45. Large industrial consumers are supplied electrical energy at (a) 400 V (b) 11 kV (c) 66 kV (d) 400 kV Ans: c 46. In a D.C. 3-wire distribution system, balancer fields are cross-connected in order to (a) boost the generated voltage (b) balance loads on both sides of the neutral (c) make both machine^ run as unloaded motors (d) equalize voltages on the positive and negative outers Ans: 47. In a D.C. 3-wire distributor using balancers and having unequal loads on the two sides (a) both balancers run as generators (b) both balancers run as motors (c) balancer connected to lightly- loaded side runs as a motor (d) balancer connected to heavily- loaded side runs as a motor Ans: 48. Transmitted power remaining the same, if supply voltage of a D.C. 2-wire feeder is increased 100 percent, saving in copper is (a) 25 percent (b) 50 percent (c) 75 percent (d) 100 percent Ans: b 49. A uniformly-loaded D.C. distributor is fed at both ends with equal voltages. As compared to a similar distributor fed at one end only, the drop at the middle point is (a) one-fourth (b) one-third (c) one-half (d) twice (e) none of the above Ans: a 50. As compared to a 2-wire D.C. distributor, a 3-wire distributor with same maximum voltage to earth uses only (a) 31.25 percent of copper (b) 33.3 percent of copper (c) 66.7 percent of copper (d) 125 percent of copper Ans: a 51. Which of the following is usually not the generating voltage ? (a) 6.6 kV (b) 8.8 kV (c) 11 kV (d) 13.2 kV Ans: b 52. For an overhead line, the surge impedance is taken as (a) 20-30 ohms (b) 70—80 ohms (c) 100—200 ohms (d) 500—1000 ohms (e) none of the above Ans: c 53. The presence of ozone due to corona is harmful because it (a) reduces power factor (b) corrodes the material (c) gives odour (d) transfer energy to the ground (e) none of the above Ans: b 54. A feeder, in a transmission system, feeds power to (a) distributors (b) generating stations (c) service mains (d) all of the above Ans: a 55. The power transmitted will be maximum when (a) corona losses are minimum (b) reactance is high (c) sending end voltage is more (d) receiving end voltage is more Ans: c 56. A 3-phase 4 wire system is commonly used on (a) primary transmission (b) secondary transmission (c) primary distribution (d) secondary distribution Ans: d 57. Which of the following materials is used for overhead transmission lines ? (a) Steel cored aluminium (b) Galvanised steel (c) Cadmium copper (d) Any of the above Ans: d 58. Which of the following is not a constituent for making porcelain insulators ? (a) Quartz (b) Kaolin (c) Felspar (d) Silica Ans: d 59. There is a greater possibility of occurence of corona during (a) dry weather (b) winter (c) summer heat (d) humid weather (e) none of the above Ans: d 60. Which of the following relays is used on long transmission lines ? (a) Impedance relay (b) Mho's relay (c) Reactance relay (d) None of the above Ans: b 61. The steel used in steel cored conductors is usually (a) alloy steel (b) stainless steel (c) mild steel (d) high speed steel (e) all of the above Ans: c 62. Which of the following distribution systems is more reliable ? (a) Radial system (b) Tree system (c) Ring main system (d) All are equally reliable Ans: c 63. Which of the following characteristics should the line supports for transmission lines possess ? (a) Low cost (b) High mechanical strength (c) Longer life (d) All of the above Ans: d 64. Transmission voltage of ll kV is normally used for distances upto (a) 20—25 km (b) 40—50 km (c) 60—70 km (d) 80—100 km Ans: a 65. Which of the following regulations is considered best? (a) 50% (b) 20% (c) 10% (d) 2% Ans: d 66. Skin effect is proportional to (a) (conductor diameter) (b) (conductor diameter) (c) (conductor diameter) (d) (conductor diameter) (e) none of the above Ans: c 67. A conductor, due to sag between two supports, takes the form of (a) semi-circle (b) triangle (c) ellipse (d) catenary Ans: d 68. In AC.S.R. conductors, the insulation between aluminium and steel conductors is (a) insulin (b) bitumen (c) varnish (d) no insulation is required Ans: d 69. Which of the following bus-bar schemes has the lowest cost ? (a) Ring bus-bar scheme (b) Single bus-bar scheme (c) Breaker and a half scheme (d) Main and transfer scheme Ans: b 70. Owing to skin effect (a) current flows through the half cross-section of the conductor (b) portion of the conductor near the surface carries more current and core of the conductor carries less current (c) portion of the conductor near the surface carries less current and core of the conductor carries more cur¬rent (d) any of the above (e) none of the above Ans: b 71. By which of the following methods string efficiency can be improved ? (a) Using a guard ring (b) Grading the insulator (c) Using long cross arm (d) Any of the above (e) None of the above Ans: d 72. In aluminium conductors, steel core is provided to (a) compensate for skin effect (b) neutralise proximity effect (c) reduce line inductance (d) increase the tensile strength Ans: d 73. By which of the following a bus-bar is rated ? (a) Current only (b) Current and voltage (c) Current, voltage and frequency (d) Current, voltage, frequency and short time current Ans: d 74. A circuit is disconnected by isolators when (a) line is energized (b) there is no current in the line (c) line is on full load (d) circuit breaker is not open Ans: b 75. For which of the following equipment current rating is not necessary ? (a) Circuit breakers (b) Isolators (c) Load break switch (d) Circuit breakers and load break switches Ans: b 76. In a substation the following equipment is not installed (a) exciters (b) series capacitors (c) shunt reactors (d) voltatre transformers Ans: a 77. jCorona usually occurs when the electrostatic stress in air around the conductor exceeds (a) 6.6 kV (r.m.s. value)/cm (b) 11 kV (r.m.s. value)/cm (c) 22 kV (maximum value)/cm (d) 30 kV (maximum value)/cm Ans: d 78. The voltage drop, for constant voltage transmission is compensated by installing (a) inductors (b) capacitors (c) synchronous motors (d) all of above (e) none of the above Ans: c 79. The use of strain type insulators is made where the conductors are (a) dead ended (b) at intermediate anchor towers (c) any of the above (d) none of the above Ans: c 80. The current drawn by the line due to corona losses is (a) non-sinusoidal (b) sinusoidal (c) triangular (d) square Ans: a 81. Pin type insulators are generally not used for voltages beyond (a) 1 kV (b) 11 kV (c) 22 kV (d) 33 kV Ans: d 82. Aluminium has a specific gravity of (a) 1.5 (b) 2.7 (c) 4.2 (d) 7.8 Ans: b 83. For transmission of power over a distance of 200 km, the transmission voltage should be (a) 132 kV (b) 66 kV (c) 33 kV (d) 11 kV Ans: a 84. For aluminium, as compared to copper, all the following factors have higher values except (a) specific volume (6) electrical conductivity (c) co-efficient of linear expansion (d) resistance per unit length for same cross-section Ans: b 85. Which of the following equipment, for regulating the voltage in distribution feeder, will be most economical ? (a) Static condenser (b) Synchronous condenser (c) Tap changing transformer (d) Booster transformer Ans: d 86. In a tap changing transformer, the tappings are provided on (a) primary winding (b) secondary winding (c) high voltage winding (d) any of the above Ans: c 87. Constant voltage transmission entails the following disadvantage (a) large conductor area is required for same power transmission (b) short-circuit current of the system is increased (c) either of the above (d) none of the above Ans: b 88. On which of the following factors skin effect depends ? (a) Frequency of the current (b) Size of the conductor (c) Resistivity of the conductor material (d) All of the above Ans: d 89. The effect of corona can be detected by (a) presence of ozone detected by odour (b) hissing sound (c) faint luminous glow of bluish colour (d) all of the above Ans: d 90. For transmission of power over a distance of 500 km, the transmission voltage should be in the range (a) 150 to 220 kV (b) 100 to 120 kV (c) 60 to 100 kV (d) 20 to 50 kV Ans: a 91. In the analysis of which of the following lines shunt capacitance is neglected ? (a) Short transmission lines (b) Medium transmission lines (c) Long transmission lines (d) Medium as well as long transmission lines Ans: a 92. When the interconnector between two stations has large reactance (a) the transfer of power will take place with voltage fluctuation and noise (b) the transfer of power will take place with least loss (c) the stations will fall out of step be¬cause of large angular displacement between the stations (d) none of the above Ans: c 93. The frequency of voltage generated, in case of generators, can be increased by (a) using reactors (b) increasing the load (c) adjusting the governor (d) reducing the terminal voltage (e) none of the above Ans: c 94. When an alternator connected to the bus-bar is shut down the bus-bar voltage will (a) fall (b) rise (c) remain unchanged (d) none of the above Ans: c 95. The angular displacement between two interconnected stations is mainly due to (a) armature reactance of both alternators (b) reactance of the interconnector (c) synchronous reactance of both the alternators (d) all of the above Ans: a 96. Electro-mechanical voltage regulators are generally used in (a) reactors (b) generators (c) transformers (d) all of the above Ans: b 97. Series capacitors on transmission lines are of little use when the load VAR requirement is (a) large (b) small (b) fluctuating (d) any of the above Ans: b 98. The voltage regulation in magnetic amplifier type voltage regulator is effected by (a) electromagnetic induction (b) varying the resistance (c) varying the reactance (d) variable transformer Ans: c 99. When a conductor carries more current on the surface as compared to core, it is due to (a) permeability variation (b) corona (c) skin effect (d) unsymmetrical fault (e) none of the above Ans: c 100. The following system is not generally used (a) 1-phase 3 wire (b) 1-phase 4 wire (c) 3-phase 3 wire (d) 3-phase 4 wire Ans: a 101. The skin effect of a conductor will reduce as the (a) resistivity of conductor material increases (b) permeability of conductor material increases (c) diameter increases (d) frequency increases Ans: a 110. When a live conductor of public electric supply breaks down and touches the earth which of the following will happen ? (a) Current will flow to earth (b) Supply voltage will drop (c) Supply voltage will increase (d) No current will flow in the conductor (e) None of the above Ans: a TRANSMISSION & DISTRIBUTION Mcqs Interview Questions Pdf :: Read the full article

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spookywizardcomputer-blog · 5 years

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Global Pad-Mounted Switchgear Market Outlook 2018-2024:Electronic & Electrical Industries Corporation, G&W Electric, Hubbel Incorporated

The report on the "Pad-Mounted Switchgear market"offers elaborated knowledge on the Pad-Mounted Switchgear market. parts like dominating firms, classification, size, business atmosphere, SWOT analysis, and most effectual trends within the business area unit comprised during this analysis study. In this report, the global Pad-Mounted Switchgear market is valued at USD XX million in 2018 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2018 and 2025. additionally to the current, the report sports charts, numbers, and tables that provide a transparent viewpoint of the Pad-Mounted Switchgear market. The dominant firms Eaton Corporation, Federal Pacific, Entec Electric & Electronic, Trayer Engineering Corporation, Tiepco, Power Grid Solution, S&C Electric Company, Electronic & Electrical Industries Corporation, G&W Electric, Hubbel Incorporated area unit to boot mentioned within the report.

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The latest knowledge has been conferred within the Global Pad-Mounted Switchgear market study on the revenue numbers, product details, and sales of the foremost corporations. additionally to the current, this data conjointly includes the breakdown of the revenue for the Pad-Mounted Switchgear market additionally to claiming a forecast for a similar within the calculable timeframe. The strategic business techniques accepted by the noteworthy members of the Global Pad-Mounted Switchgear market have conjointly been integrated during this report. Key weaknesses and strengths, additionally to claiming the hazards encountered by the most contenders within the Pad-Mounted Switchgear market, are a fraction of this analysis study. The report conjointly categorizes the market into main product kind by Product, Gas Insulated, Air Insulated, Solid Insulated, Other Switchgears, by Voltage, 0-15 KV, 16-25 KV, Above 25 KV and the sub-segments Application123 of the Pad-Mounted Switchgear market are depicted in the report

The Global Pad-Mounted Switchgear market report includes a profound outline of the key sectors of the Pad-Mounted Switchgear market. each quickly and slowly growing sectors of the Pad-Mounted Switchgear market are examined via this study. Forecast, share of the market, and size of every s and sub-segment is getable within the study. The key energetic possibilities associated to the foremost quickly growing segments of the market also are a fracturing of this report. what is more, classification supported geographies also because the trends powering the leading regional markets and developing geographies is obtainable during this analysis study. the Global Pad-Mounted Switchgear market report wraps regions that area unit in the main classified into: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Mideast and Africa.

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The report on the & what is more offers a written account factsheet regarding the strategically mergers, acquirements, venture activities, and partnerships widespread within the Pad-Mounted Switchgear market. outstanding suggestions by senior consultants on tactically defrayal in analysis and development may facilitate energetic entrants also as respectable firms for increased incursion within the developing segments of the Pad-Mounted Switchgear market. Market players may accomplish a transparent perception of the most rivals within the Pad-Mounted Switchgear market additionally to their future forecasts. The report conjointly analyses the market in terms of volume [k MT] and revenue [Million USD].

There are 15 Chapters to display the Global Pad-Mounted Switchgear market

Chapter 1, Definition, Specifications and Classification of Pad-Mounted Switchgear , Applications of Pad-Mounted Switchgear , Market Segment by Regions; Chapter 2, Manufacturing Cost Structure, Raw Material and Suppliers, Manufacturing Process, Industry Chain Structure; Chapter 3, Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Pad-Mounted Switchgear , Capacity and Commercial Production Date, Manufacturing Plants Distribution, R&D Status and Technology Source, Raw Materials Sources Analysis; Chapter 4, Overall Market Analysis, Capacity Analysis (Company Segment), Sales Analysis (Company Segment), Sales Price Analysis (Company Segment); Chapter 5 and 6, Regional Market Analysis that includes United States, China, Europe, Japan, Korea & Taiwan, Pad-Mounted Switchgear Segment Market Analysis (by Type); Chapter 7 and 8, The Pad-Mounted Switchgear Segment Market Analysis (by Application) Major Manufacturers Analysis of Pad-Mounted Switchgear ; Chapter 9, Market Trend Analysis, Regional Market Trend, Market Trend by Product Type by Product, Gas Insulated, Air Insulated, Solid Insulated, Other Switchgears, by Voltage, 0-15 KV, 16-25 KV, Above 25 KV, Market Trend by Application; Chapter 10, Regional Marketing Type Analysis, International Trade Type Analysis, Supply Chain Analysis; Chapter 11, The Consumers Analysis of Global Pad-Mounted Switchgear ; Chapter 12, Pad-Mounted Switchgear Research Findings and Conclusion, Appendix, methodology and data source; Chapter 13, 14 and 15, Pad-Mounted Switchgear sales channel, distributors, traders, dealers, Research Findings and Conclusion, appendix and data source.

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This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

Thanks for reading this article; you can also get individual chapter wise section or region wise report version like North America, Europe or Asia.

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#Pad Mounted Switchgear Market Global Pad Mounted Switchgear Market 2018 Pad Mounted Switchgear Market Size & Share

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cvikhsaniabadisaktius-blog · 7 years

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Thought via Path

Kepada Yth., Bapak/Ibu Purchasing/Bagian Terkait Perkenalkan, Saya Dwi Purwanto,ST , bersama ini kami ingin mengenalkan perusahaan kami : Company profile CV. IKHWANI ADIL SEJAHTERA Perusahaan kami bergerak di beberapa bidang Bisnis antara Lain : 1. Servis dan Perbaikan Mesin Industri dan Mesin Perkakas sebagai berikut: Kami berpengalaman di bidang service dan perbaikan mesin industri sejak tahun 2006 meliputi : 1.1. Servis dan Perbaikan Mesin Las ( Welding Machines ) , Mesin Potong ( Cutting Machines ), Inverter Welding Machines semua Merek. 1.2. Servis dan Perbaikan Mesin CNC Milling, CNC Drilling, CNC Lach, Mesin Grinding , dan Mesin Perkakas Lainnya. 1.3. Rewinding Electro Motors dan Transformers Mesin Las. 1.4. Servis dan Perbaikan Printed Circuit Board ( PCB ), Power Modul dan Peralatan Otomasi. 1.5. Servis dan Perbaikan AVIONICS AIRCRAFT ( RADAR, GPWS , dll ) dan Perkapalan. 1.6. Servis dan Perbaikan Alat Berat ( Loader, Crane, Exavator, Electric Forklif) Semua Merek. 2. Jasa Instalasi Listrik Perumahan , Perkantoran maupun Workshop 2.1. Jasa Pemasangan Instalasi Listrik dari awal 2.2. Jasa Bongkar Pasang Instalasi Listrik 3. General Supplier Selain bidang Jasa perbaikan mesin industri dan jasa instalasi listrik , kami memiliki divisi khusus yang bergerak dibidang general supplier yang akan memberikan solusi dan pengadaan segala kebutuhan industri anda diantaranya : 3.1. Supplier Elektronika dan Mekanikal Komponen • Semikonduktor • IGBT • Power Modul • Dioda • Thyristor • Braking Resistor • Potensiometer • Solid State Relays • Katodik • Rubber Fender • Contactor • PLC • CNC • Drive • Inverter & Converter • Peralatan Telekomunikasi • Electric Forklift & lift • Part Instrument • Komponen Electronics 3.2. Supplier Perangkat Telekomunikasi dan Hardware Komputer • Spare Part Hand Phone • Spare Part HT , SSB , RADAR , GPS dll • Power Supply Komputer Desktop • Mother Boards All Branch • Processor • Memory Desktop , Note Book , Server • VGA Card • Storage Harddisk • UPS • Input Device • Optical Drive • Monitor • Gaming Device , dll 3.3. Supplier komponen Listrik 3.3.1. Kabel Listrik NYA,NYM,NYY,NYYHY ( Low Power Cable 450/750Volt) No Description Size Mark 1 NYA 1x1,5;1x2,5;1x4;1x6;1x10;@100Mtrs Supreme,Eterna,Kabel Metal,Extrana,Jenbo 2 NYAF 1x1,5;1x2,5;1x4;1x6;1x10;@100Mtrs Supreme,Eterna,Kabel Metal,Extrana,Jenbo 2 NYM 2x1,5;2x2,5;3x1,5;3x2,5;3x4;4x2,5;4x4;4x6;4x10 @ 50 Mtrs and 100 Mtrs Supreme,Eterna,Kabel Metal,Extrana,Jenbo 3 NYY 3x1,5;3x2,5;3x4;3x6;3x10;4x1,5;4x2,5;4x4;4x6;4x10 4x16;4x25;4x35;4x50;4x70;4x95;4x120;4x150 @50Mtrs and 100Mtrs Supreme,Eterna,Kabel Metal,Extrana,Jenbo 4 NYYHY 2x0,75;2x1,5;2x2,5;3x1,5;3x2,5 @50 Mtrs Supreme,Eterna,Kabel Metal,Extrana,Jenbo 3.3.2. Control Cable Mark SMI ( 300/500 Volt ) 3.3.3. Medium Voltage Cable ( 3.6 kV to 30 kV ) 3.3.4. MCB, Contactor , MCCB, Switch , conduit dll • Clipsal • Broco • Legrand • Scheneider • Hager • ABB • Siemens • Hanyoung dll 3.4. Supplier ATK ( Alat Tulis Kantor ) 3.5. Supplier Alat Kesehatan dan laboratorium 3.6. Supplier Bahan Bangunan 4. General Kontraktor Kami juga mempunyai team yang solid dalam melakukan pekerjaan kostruksi baik itu piping , fabrikasi baja maupun erection . Kirimkan inquiry anda, kami akan memberikan solusi dengan respon cepat, komunikasi yang baik dan tepat serta dengan penawaran yang fleksibel Kami harap ini adalah awal yang baik untuk menjalin kerjasama dengan perusahaan bapak, semoga perusahaan kami dapat menjadi referensi untuk meningkatkan atau memberi solusi kebutuhan industri anda Best Regards, Dwi Purwanto,ST CV. IKHSANI ABADI SAKTI Head Office : Perumahan Taman Krakatau Blok E12 No.11, RT/RW 002/008, Waringin Kurung , Serdang , Serang , Banten – Indonesia 42161 , Phone : +62-254-8484493. Faxs : +62-254-8484493, Mobile : +62-81315468453 ; +62-819-1022-2756 ; +62-823-1212-1244 ,PIN BBM : 56AE053E ID Line : ikhsaniabadisakti.cv Twitter : @cv_ikhsani Facebook : www.facebook.com/ikhsaniabadisakti Email : [email protected] or [email protected] Website : www.ikhsaniabadisakti.blogspot.com – Read on Path.

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mjagtap · 4 years

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Electric Insulator Market – Industry Analysis and Forecast (2019-2027)

Electric Insulator Market is estimated to reach US$ XX Bn by 2027 in terms of revenue at CAGR of XX % in the forecasting Period. The report includes the analysis of impact of COVID-19 lock-down on the revenue of market leaders, followers, and disrupters. Since lock down was implemented differently in different regions and countries, impact of same is also different by regions and segments. The report has covered the current short term and long term impact on the market, same will help decision makers to prepare the outline for short term and long term strategies for companies by region. Growing investments toward the refurbishment of aging grid infrastructure across developed economies along with the acceptance of smart grid technology will drive the global electric insulators market. Sizable expenditure toward modernization of electrical infrastructure along with rapid urbanization will further drive the overall Electric Insulator Market. According to the recent report of World Energy Outlook, an investment of more than USD 3.4 trillion has been made to contribute to the refurbishment and replacement of existing assets showing the huge demand and opportunities for market growth. Aging equipment, increased demand, capacity bottlenecks, along with rising emphasis toward the capacity addition of power generation will enhance the industry growth of electric insulators. Electric Insulator Market is segmented by the material, voltage, application, product, end use, rating, installation and region. Based on material segment porcelain electric insulators has dominated the global electric insulator market in 2017. Ability to offer optimum mechanical strength and withstanding considerable stress resistance are the key factors supporting the product’s dominance across the industry landscape among other segments. Moreover, the growing prominence of polymeric counterparts is expected to offer a competitive edge to these insulators. Under the product segment, pin electric insulator held highest market share in 2017. These insulators find applications across distribution and sub-transmission lines, in form of single-piece or multi-piece, depending on the voltage of application. High anti-fog performance, ease of manufacturing, and operational flexibility are also some of the underlying parameters that support the product penetration of pin electric insulator. Electric Insulator are be also segmented based on applications, where the transformers segment held the highest market share primarily driven by rising concerns over power thefts & protection along with increased focus on real-time monitoring of power networks. Asia-Pacific among other regions held the largest Electric Insulator Market share in 2017 and is also expected to have a high growth rate in the forecast period with China being a major contributor to the overall market. Favorable government reforms toward energy efficiency along with strengthening focus on up-gradation and expansion of the existing R&D infrastructure will propel the market growth. For instance, in 2016 the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) announced plans to expand investment in the country’s electrical transmission infrastructure by 28% over the period of next five years. Key player across the electric insulator industry are General Electric, ABB, Siemens, Hubbell Lapp Insulators, and NGK Insulators. Major industry participants are focusing on design innovations and expansion of the product line as part of a strategy to meet the regulatory standards and enhance the market presence. Furthermore, electric insulator manufacturers are undertaking M&A activities to expand their global footprint. The objective of the report is to present comprehensive analysis Electric Insulator Market including all the stakeholders of the industry. The past and current status of the industry with forecasted market size and trends are presented in the report with analysis of complicated data in simple language. The report covers all the aspects of industry with dedicated study of key players that includes market leaders, followers and new entrants by region. PORTER, SVOR, PESTEL analysis with the potential impact of micro-economic factors by region on the market have been presented in the report. External as well as internal factors that are supposed to affect the business positively or negatively have been analyzed, which will give clear futuristic view of the industry to the decision makers. The report also helps in understanding Electric Insulator Market dynamics, structure by analyzing the market segments, and project the Electric Insulator Market size. Clear representation of competitive analysis of key player by type, price, financial position, product portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence in the Electric Insulator Market make the report investor’s guide.For More Information Visit @:https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/electric-insulator-market/11647/Market Scope Electric Insulator Market: Electric Insulator Market, By Material • Ceramic/Porcelain• Glass• CompositeElectric Insulator Market, By Voltage • High• Medium• LowElectric Insulator Market ,By Application • Cables and transmission lines• Switchgears• Transformers• Busbars• OthersElectric Insulator Market, By Product • Pin• Suspension• Shackle• OthersElectric Insulator Market, By End-Use • Residential• Commercial & Industrial• UtilitiesElectric Insulator Market ,By Rating • <11 kV• 11 kV• 22 kV• 33 kV• 72.5 kV• 145 kV• 220 kV• 400 kV• 800 kV• 1200 kVElectric Insulator Market, By Installation • Distribution• Transmission• Substation• Railways• OthersElectric Insulator Market, By Geography • North America• Europe• Asia-Pacific• Middle East & Africa• Latin AmericaKey Players operating in the Electric Insulator Market: • General Electric• ABB• Siemens• Hubbell Lapp Insulators• NGK Insulators• Aditya Birla.• Maclean Fogg• Elsewedy Electric• Seves Group• BHEL• TE Connectivity This Report Is Submitted By : Maximize Market Research CompanyCustomization of the report:Maximize Market Research provides free personalized of reports as per your demand. This report can be personalized to meet your requirements. Get in touch with us and our sales team will guarantee provide you to get a report that suits your necessities.About Maximize Market Research:Maximize Market Research provides B2B and B2C research on 20,000 high growth emerging opportunities & technologies as well as threats to the companies across the Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals, Electronics & Communications, Internet of Things, Food and Beverages, Aerospace and Defense and other manufacturing sectors.Contact info:Name: Lumawant GodageOrganization Address: MAXIMIZE MARKET RESEARCH PVT. LTD.Email: [email protected]: Pune, Maharashtra 411051, India.Contact: +919607195908

#Electric Insulator Market

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mjagtap · 4 years

Text

Electric Insulator Market – Industry Analysis and Forecast (2019-2026)

Electric Insulator Marketis estimated to reach US$ XX Bn by 2026 in terms of revenue at CAGR of XX % in the forecasting Period. Growing investments toward the refurbishment of aging grid infrastructure across developed economies along with the acceptance of smart grid technology will drive the global electric insulators market. Sizable expenditure toward modernization of electrical infrastructure along with rapid urbanization will further drive the overall Electric Insulator Market. According to the recent report of World Energy Outlook, an investment of more than USD 3.4 trillion has been made to contribute to the refurbishment and replacement of existing assets showing the huge demand and opportunities for market growth. The report study has analyzed revenue impact of covid-19 pandemic on the sales revenue of market leaders, market followers and disrupters in the report and same is reflected in our analysis. Aging equipment, increased demand, capacity bottlenecks, along with rising emphasis toward the capacity addition of power generation will enhance the industry growth of electric insulators. Electric Insulator Market is segmented by the material, voltage, application, product, end use, rating, installation and region. Based on material segment porcelain electric insulators has dominated the global electric insulator market in 2017. Ability to offer optimum mechanical strength and withstanding considerable stress resistance are the key factors supporting the product’s dominance across the industry landscape among other segments. Moreover, the growing prominence of polymeric counterparts is expected to offer a competitive edge to these insulators. Under the product segment, pin electric insulator held highest market share in 2017. These insulators find applications across distribution and sub-transmission lines, in form of single-piece or multi-piece, depending on the voltage of application. High anti-fog performance, ease of manufacturing, and operational flexibility are also some of the underlying parameters that support the product penetration of pin electric insulator. Electric Insulator are be also segmented based on applications, where the transformers segment held the highest market share primarily driven by rising concerns over power thefts & protection along with increased focus on real-time monitoring of power networks. Asia-Pacific among other regions held the largest Electric Insulator Market share in 2017 and is also expected to have a high growth rate in the forecast period with China being a major contributor to the overall market. Favorable government reforms toward energy efficiency along with strengthening focus on up-gradation and expansion of the existing R&D infrastructure will propel the market growth. For instance, in 2016 the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) announced plans to expand investment in the country’s electrical transmission infrastructure by 28% over the period of next five years. Key player across the electric insulator industry are General Electric, ABB, Siemens, Hubbell Lapp Insulators, and NGK Insulators. Major industry participants are focusing on design innovations and expansion of the product line as part of a strategy to meet the regulatory standards and enhance the market presence. Furthermore, electric insulator manufacturers are undertaking M&A activities to expand their global footprint. The objective of the report is to present comprehensive analysis Electric Insulator Market including all the stakeholders of the industry. The past and current status of the industry with forecasted market size and trends are presented in the report with analysis of complicated data in simple language. The report covers all the aspects of industry with dedicated study of key players that includes market leaders, followers and new entrants by region. PORTER, SVOR, PESTEL analysis with the potential impact of micro-economic factors by region on the market have been presented in the report. External as well as internal factors that are supposed to affect the business positively or negatively have been analyzed, which will give clear futuristic view of the industry to the decision makers. The report also helps in understanding Electric Insulator Market dynamics, structure by analyzing the market segments, and project the Electric Insulator Market size. Clear representation of competitive analysis of key player by type, price, financial position, product portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence in the Electric Insulator Market make the report investor’s guide.For More Information Visit @: https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/electric-insulator-market/11647/ Market Scope Electric Insulator Market: Electric Insulator Market, By Material • Ceramic/Porcelain• Glass• CompositeElectric Insulator Market, By Voltage • High• Medium• LowElectric Insulator Market ,By Application • Cables and transmission lines• Switchgears• Transformers• Busbars• OthersElectric Insulator Market, By Product • Pin• Suspension• Shackle• OthersElectric Insulator Market, By End-Use • Residential• Commercial & Industrial• UtilitiesElectric Insulator Market ,By Rating • <11 kV• 11 kV• 22 kV• 33 kV• 72.5 kV• 145 kV• 220 kV• 400 kV• 800 kV• 1200 kVElectric Insulator Market, By Installation • Distribution• Transmission• Substation• Railways• OthersElectric Insulator Market, By Geography • North America• Europe• Asia-Pacific• Middle East & Africa• Latin AmericaKey Players operating in the Electric Insulator Market: • General Electric• ABB• Siemens• Hubbell Lapp Insulators• NGK Insulators• Aditya Birla.• Maclean Fogg• Elsewedy Electric• Seves Group• BHEL• TE Connectivity This Report Is Submitted By : Maximize Market Research CompanyCustomization of the report:Maximize Market Research provides free personalized of reports as per your demand. This report can be personalized to meet your requirements. Get in touch with us and our sales team will guarantee provide you to get a report that suits your necessities.About Maximize Market Research:Maximize Market Research provides B2B and B2C research on 20,000 high growth emerging opportunities & technologies as well as threats to the companies across the Healthcare, Pharmaceuticals, Electronics & Communications, Internet of Things, Food and Beverages, Aerospace and Defense and other manufacturing sectors.Contact info:Name: Lumawant GodageOrganization Address: MAXIMIZE MARKET RESEARCH PVT. LTD.Email: [email protected]: Pune, Maharashtra 411051, India.Contact: +919607195908

#Electric Insulator Market

0 notes

mjagtap · 4 years

Text

Electric Insulator Market – Industry Analysis and Forecast (2019-2026)

Electric Insulator Market is estimated to reach US$ XX Bn by 2026 in terms of revenue at CAGR of XX % in the forecasting Period.

Growing investments toward the refurbishment of aging grid infrastructure across developed economies along with the acceptance of smart grid technology will drive the global electric insulators market. Sizable expenditure toward modernization of electrical infrastructure along with rapid urbanization will further drive the overall Electric Insulator Market. According to the recent report of World Energy Outlook, an investment of more than USD 3.4 trillion has been made to contribute to the refurbishment and replacement of existing assets showing the huge demand and opportunities for market growth.

Aging equipment, increased demand, capacity bottlenecks, along with rising emphasis toward the capacity addition of power generation will enhance the industry growth of electric insulators.

Electric Insulator Market is segmented by the material, voltage, application, product, end use, rating, installation and region. Based on material segment porcelain electric insulators has dominated the global electric insulator market in 2017. Ability to offer optimum mechanical strength and withstanding considerable stress resistance are the key factors supporting the product’s dominance across the industry landscape among other segments. Moreover, the growing prominence of polymeric counterparts is expected to offer a competitive edge to these insulators.

The objective of the report is to present comprehensive analysis Electric Insulator Market including all the stakeholders of the industry. The past and current status of the industry with forecasted market size and trends are presented in the report with analysis of complicated data in simple language. The report covers all the aspects of industry with dedicated study of key players that includes market leaders, followers and new entrants by region. PORTER, SVOR, PESTEL analysis with the potential impact of micro-economic factors by region on the market have been presented in the report. External as well as internal factors that are supposed to affect the business positively or negatively have been analyzed, which will give clear futuristic view of the industry to the decision makers.

The report also helps in understanding Electric Insulator Market dynamics, structure by analyzing the market segments, and project the Electric Insulator Market size. Clear representation of competitive analysis of key player by type, price, financial position, product portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence in the Electric Insulator Market make the report investor’s guide.

For More Information Visit @:

https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/electric-insulator-market/11647/

Market Scope Electric Insulator Market:

Electric Insulator Market, By Material

• Ceramic/Porcelain

• Glass

• Composite

Electric Insulator Market, By Voltage

• High

• Medium

• Low

Electric Insulator Market ,By Application

• Cables and transmission lines

• Switchgears

• Transformers

• Busbars

• Others

Electric Insulator Market, By Product

• Pin

• Suspension

• Shackle

• Others

Electric Insulator Market, By End-Use

• Residential

• Commercial & Industrial

• Utilities

Electric Insulator Market ,By Rating

• <11 kV

• 11 kV

• 22 kV

• 33 kV

• 72.5 kV

• 145 kV

• 220 kV

• 400 kV

• 800 kV

• 1200 kV

Electric Insulator Market, By Installation

• Distribution

• Transmission

• Substation

• Railways

• Others

Electric Insulator Market, By Geography

• North America

• Europe

• Asia-Pacific

• Middle East & Africa

• Latin America

Key Players operating in the Electric Insulator Market:

• General Electric

• ABB

• Siemens

• Hubbell Lapp Insulators

• NGK Insulators

• Aditya Birla.

• Maclean Fogg

• Elsewedy Electric

• Seves Group

• BHEL

• TE Connectivity

This Report Is Submitted By : Maximize Market Research Company

Customization of the report:

About Maximize Market Research:

Contact info:

Name: Lumawant Godage

Organization Address: MAXIMIZE MARKET RESEARCH PVT. LTD.

Email: [email protected]

Address: Pune, Maharashtra 411051, India.

Contact: +919607195908

#Electric Insulator Market

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