#Yash as Ravana
Text
Yash as Ravana: Not Hrithik Roshan, but ‘Rocky Bhai’ Yash to play Ravana in ‘Ramayana’, Rockstar to play Rama
If you see, now a days movies are being made on mythological stories besides historical issues. Be it Ramayana or Mahabharata, so many TV shows and movies have been made on it that even the viewers are now confused as to what is the real story. Prabhas, Kriti Sanon and Saif Ali Khan starrer ‘Adipurush’ is coming soon. Apart from that, another film is being made, which is called ‘Ramayana’. Now what are some updates related to this, let’s elaborate.
The characters of Rama and Sita are not known in ‘Ramayana’ directed by Nitesh Tiwari and Madhu Mantena, but who will be Ravana is known. According to media reports, Yash has been in talks for the character. The makers hope ‘Rocky Bhai’ will agree. However, nothing has been confirmed yet. Along with this, it is also being said that Ranbir Kapoor may also be given an important role in this.....
Read more: Yash as Ravana: Not Hrithik Roshan, but ‘Rocky Bhai’ Yash to play Ravana in ‘Ramayana’, Rockstar to play Rama
#usalateslynews#Entertainment news#bollywood news#Yash as Ravana#Rocky Bhai#Kgf Fame Yash#Play Raavan In Film Ramayan#news#Rocking star yash
2 notes
·
View notes
Text
A viral photo on social media features Ranbir Kapoor and Sai Pallavi together
We will read about, "A viral photo on social media features Ranbir Kapoor and Sai Pallavi together." As a picture of Sai Pallavi and Ranbir Kapoor becomes widely popular on social media, followers' excitement grows. The highly anticipated Ramayana is a colossal undertaking that has captured the attention of devoted fans. This epic narrative beautifully depicts the life of Lord Rama and Goddess Sita.
Ranbir Kapoor and Sai Pallavi’s Pictures From Ramayana Sets Leaked
The image circulating widely on social networking sites depicts Ranbir Kapoor portraying the character of Shri Ram, while Sai Pallavi takes on the role of Sita in Nitesh Tiwari's adaptation of the Ramayana. This film is going to be directed by Nitesh Tiwari, in which only some actors and characters have been revealed. Ramayana is about the victory of good over evil.
The shooting of the Ramayana film has started, a picture of it has been leaked on social media. In the photo, Ranbir Kapoor is seen in the role of Lord Rama and Sai Pallavi is seen in the role of Mata Sita in traditional attire. Ranbir Kapoor is wearing a traditional dhoti, on the other hand Sai Pallavi is wearing a purple saree with Jewellery. There have been a lot of comments and posts about the photo after it went viral.
View this post on Instagram
A post shared by Ranbir Kapoor ✨ (@ranbirkapoor143___)
Posted Ranbir Kapoor's fitness trainer Shivoham on Instagram and wrote Captain, "It was all hard work over a period of 3 plus years. Nothing is ever achieved by taking short cuts in life. Clarity and a vision of the end goal with a proper planned and structured program to reach to that goal is essential. Then again, if you dint have the WILL, DESCIPLINE, CONSISTENCY and the FIRE to achieve the goals, no amount of planning and structure will help. It was a beautiful journey and I wish you #ranbirkapoor all the best for the next blockbuster success #ramayana #ramayanthefilm"
According to India Today, Ranbir Kapoor has slimmed down his body, especially losing weight from his face and torso. Yash will be seen in the role of Ravana along with Ranbir Kapoor and Sai Pallavi in the film. Zoom has previously shared photos of Lara Dutta as Kaikeyi and Arun Govil as Dashrath. In the well-known Ramanand Sagar TV series Ramayana, Arun Govil portrayed Lord Rama. Nitish Tiwari's Ramayana movie promises to be full of stellar cast, VFX, beautiful cinematography and many more features.
Even before this, many films and television series have been made on Ramayana, the last film made on Ramayana "Adipurush" starring Prabhas and Kriti Sanon could not make much impact. Yash has produced 'Ramayan' along with Namit Malhotra. Animal, Ranbir Kapoor's most recent movie, and KGF 2, Yash's latest film, have both been incredibly successful at the box office.
More about Ramayana movie
Ramayana movie is directed by Nitesh Tiwari, produced by Namit Malhotra and Yash under the banner of Monster Mind Creations and Prime Focus. The soundtrack was composed by A.R. Rahman. The film stars Ranbir Kapoor, Yash, Sai Pallavi, Arun Govil, Lara Dutta, Sunny Deol, Indira Krishnan and many other as per as Imdb. Get ready, you are about to witness an amazing cinematic experience.
Read More
- The new look of Pratik Gandhi and Patralekhaa starrer Phule has been released.
- The film Luv You Shankar, starring Shreyas Tanisha Mukherjee, has officially released.
- The ultimate guide to Tillu Square: A must-watch film for romantic crime comedy fanatics
- Razakar Review: Razakars: The Silent Massacre of Hyderabad released in Hindi on 26 April
- Aranmanai 4 Trailer: Sundar C's Aranmanai 4 releases in cinemas globally in April
- Do Aur Do Pyaar Movie Review: Do Aur Do Pyaar is a delightful romantic comedy that explores the complexities of love and marriage.
- Kasoombo Hindi Trailer out now
- Dukaan movie review: The concept is intriguing but fails to achieve its maximum potential.
- Pawan Kalyan met Chiranjeevi during the filming of Vishwambhara
Read the full article
0 notes
Text
"Ranbir Kapoor & Sai Pallavi's Mythical Odyssey: 'Ramayana' Takes Bollywood by Storm, Clashing with 'Animal' – A Cinematic Spectacle Unveiled!"
Get ready for a cinematic treat as Bollywood heartthrob Ranbir Kapoor and South sensation Sai Pallavi gear up for the mythological spectacle 'Ramayana.' Directed by the talented Nitesh Tiwari, this movie promises to bring the ancient epic to life in a new avatar.
Bollywood Buzz: Animal Roars into Cinemas, Leaving Stars and Audiences Alike in Awe!
Ranbir Kapoor, fresh from the success of 'Animal,' is stepping into the divine shoes of Lord Rama, while Sai Pallavi, known for her stellar performances down South, takes on the enchanting role of Sita. The casting also brings Yash, the 'KGF 2' star, as the formidable Ravana, and Bollywood legend Sunny Deol as the powerful Hanuman.
https://youtu.be/4NGC6IGnBPU?si=RsihQiQBBfgaaAXd
The buzz around 'Ramayana' is not just about the star-studded cast but also the director's vision. Nitesh Tiwari, acclaimed for his storytelling finesse, is adding a 3D visual appeal to make this movie a true visual spectacle.
As per reports, the film is set to start shooting in March 2024, with plans for a grand release. For Sai Pallavi, this marks her Bollywood debut, adding to the excitement for fans eager to see her in Hindi cinema.
The pairing of Ranbir Kapoor and Sai Pallavi is generating anticipation. Their fresh chemistry, combined with the grandeur of 'Ramayana,' promises an unforgettable cinematic experience.
As we await the clash of mythological titans on the big screen, 'Ramayana' is not just a movie; it's a journey into the heart of an age-old epic, filled with magic and grandeur.
With stellar actors, visionary direction, and cutting-edge visuals, 'Ramayana' is not just a movie; it's an experience. The clash with Yash's 'Animal' adds an intriguing twist, making it a must-watch for movie lovers eagerly awaiting the magic of myth on the silver screen.
Also Checkout.
Read the full article
0 notes
Text
0 notes
Text
Exclusive: Yash goes through a look test for the Ramayana; Ranbir Kapoor's rumor that he would play Rama is accurate
There have been rumors that Ranbir Kapoor will play Rama in Nitesh Tiwari's Ramayana.
Unquestionably one of the most eagerly anticipated productions is the upcoming Ramayana movie by Nitesh Tiwari and Madhu Mantena. Despite the fact that the movie has yet to even begin shooting, there is a tangible sense of expectation.
When KGF actor Yash was cast to play the pivotal role of Raavan, the anticipation for the project reached new heights. Unverified rumors also claim that Rama and Sita would be played by Ranbir Kapoor and Alia Bhatt, respectively. Currently, Bollywood Hungama has access to intimate information about the project.
Nitesh Tiwari, Madhu Mantena, and Namit Malhotra are working slowly and steadily towards the major project Ramayana, according to a source familiar with the project. The creators are patient and take their time before finalizing each stage.
The source continued, "There were rumors regarding Ranbir Kapoor, which is genuine, when talking about the casting of the main characters. Aalia Bhatt, however, was never asked to play a part in the Ramayana. In actuality, no one has yet been approached for Sita's role because the movie has not yet reached that point.
The source continued, "They are currently working on Ravana, for which Yash recently underwent a number of appearance tests. Yash's completion is still up in the air. Sita and Hanuman's casting will take some time, probably a few months. The creators desire nothing left unexplored. They are willing to invest several years to produce a high-quality project.
The source further stated that Tiwari has consistently given his projects a lot of time to finish in order to provide outstanding work. "Nitesh Tiwari also needed two years to complete Dangal. He is a committed director who takes his time to produce a high-quality result. In January 2014, Dangal was announced, and it was launched in December 2016," the insider added.
#Alia Bhatt#Bollywood#Casting#Madhu Mantena#Namit Malhotra#News#Nitesh Tiwari#Ramayana#Ranbir Kapoor#Yash
0 notes
Text
Sri Hanuman Chalisa
Doha
Shri Guru Charan Sarooja-raj Nija manu Mukura Sudhaari
Baranau Rahubhara Bimala Yasha Jo Dayaka Phala Chari
Budhee-Heen Thanu Jannikay Sumirow Pavana Kumara
Bala-Budhee Vidya Dehoo Mohee Harahu Kalesha Vikaara
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE:
] MAHARAJ HANUMAN ]
[ Video ]
[ Vedsutra hanuman ]
[ Hanuman chalisa blogspot ]
[ Speaking tree/these ]
Chopai
Jai Hanuman gyan gun sagar
Jai Kapis tihun lok ujagar
Ram doot atulit bal dhama
Anjaani-putra Pavan sut nama
Mahabir Bikram Bajrangi
Kumati nivar sumati Ke sangi
Kanchan varan viraj subesa
Kanan Kundal Kunchit Kesha
Hath Vajra Aur Dhuvaje Viraje
Kaandhe moonj janehu sajaiSankar suvan kesri Nandan
Tej prataap maha jag vandan
Vidyavaan guni ati chatur
Ram kaj karibe ko aatur
Prabu charitra sunibe-ko rasiya
Ram Lakhan Sita man Basiya
Sukshma roop dhari Siyahi dikhava
Vikat roop dhari lank jarava
Bhima roop dhari asur sanghare
Ramachandra ke kaj sanvare
Laye Sanjivan Lakhan Jiyaye
Shri Raghuvir Harashi ur laye
Raghupati Kinhi bahut badai
Tum mam priye Bharat-hi-sam bhai
Sahas badan tumharo yash gaave
Asa-kahi Shripati kanth lagaave
Sankadhik Brahmaadi Muneesa
Narad-Sarad sahit Aheesa
Yam Kuber Digpaal Jahan teav
i kovid kahi sake kahan te
Tum upkar Sugreevahin keenha
Ram milaye rajpad deenha
Tumharo mantra Vibheeshan maana
Lankeshwar Bhaye Sub jag jana
Yug sahastra jojan par Bhanu
Leelyo tahi madhur phal janu
Prabhu mudrika meli mukh mahee
Jaladhi langhi gaye achraj nahee
Durgaam kaj jagath ke jete
Sugam anugraha tumhre tete
Ram dwaare tum rakhvare
Hoat na agya binu paisare
Sub sukh lahae tumhari sar na
Tum rakshak kahu ko dar naa
Aapan tej samharo aapai
Teenhon lok hank te kanpai
Bhoot pisaach Nikat nahin aavai
Mahavir jab naam sunavae
Nase rog harae sab peera
Japat nirantar Hanumant beera
Sankat se Hanuman chudavae
Man Karam Vachan dyan jo lavai
Sab par Ram tapasvee raja
Tin ke kaj sakal Tum saja
Aur manorath jo koi lavai
Sohi amit jeevan phal pavai
Charon Yug partap tumhara
Hai persidh jagat ujiyara
Sadhu Sant ke tum Rakhware
Asur nikandan Ram dulhare
Ashta-sidhi nav nidhi ke dhata
As-var deen Janki mata
Ram rasayan tumhare pasa
Sada raho Raghupati ke dasa
Tumhare bhajan Ram ko pavai
Janam-janam ke dukh bisraavai
Anth-kaal Raghuvir pur jayee
Jahan janam Hari-Bakht Kahayee
Aur Devta Chit na dharehi
Hanumanth se hi sarve sukh karehi
Sankat kate-mite sab peera
Jo sumirai Hanumat Balbeera
Jai Jai Jai Hanuman Gosahin
Kripa Karahu Gurudev ki nyahin
Jo sat bar path kare kohi
Chutehi bandhi maha sukh hohi
Jo yah padhe Hanuman Chalisa
Hoye siddhi sakhi Gaureesa
Tulsidas sada hari chera
Keejai Nath Hridaye mein dera
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindiastroyogi ]
[ Watchyoutubev=ulf2bj ]
[ Watchyoutubev=nr18coa ]
[ Raagtunes ]
[ Khabarindiatv ]
Doha
Pavan Tanay Sankat Harana
Mangala Murati Roop
Ram Lakhana Sita Sahita
Hriday Basahu Soor Bhoop
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maharaj Hanuman ]
[ Watchyoutubev=cblgjbeq ]
[ VedsutraHnuman chalisa ]
[ Hanuman chalisa bhajan ]
[ Speaking tree ].
Meaning: The Hanuman Chalisa (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː]; literally Forty chaupais on Hanuman) is a Hindu devotional hymn (stotra) addressed to Hanuman. ... Hanuman is a vanara (a monkey-like humanoid), a devotee of Ram, and one of the central characters in the Indian epic poem, the Ramayan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman ]
[ Speaking tree /blog meaning ]
[ The indianmythology ]
[ Watch youtubev=gjoe5gq ]
[ Hindiremedy/Hanuman ]
Who was Lord Hanuman?
Hanuman participated in Rama's war against the demon king Ravana. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. He is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Pawan, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
Hanuman ,(Sanskrit: हनुमान्) is an ardent devotee of Lord Rama and one of the central characters in the various versions of the epic Ramayana found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. As one of the Chiranjivi, he is also mentioned in several other texts, such as the Mahabharata the various Puranas and some Jain, Buddhist, and Sikh texts. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. Hanuman is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
His theological origins in Hinduism are unclear. Alternate theories include him having ancient roots, being a non-Aryan deity who was Sanskritized by the Vedic Aryans, or that he is a fusion deity who emerged in literary works from folk Yaksha protector deities and theological symbolism.
While Hanuman is one of the central characters in the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, the evidence of devotional worship to him is missing in the texts and archeological sites of ancient and most of the medieval period. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist known for his studies on Hanuman, the theological significance and devotional dedication to Hanuman emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas expressed Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been increasingly common. He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti. In later literature, he has been the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling, acrobatics, as well as meditation and diligent scholarship. He symbolizes the human excellences of inner self-control, faith and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like a monkey.
Besides being a popular deity in Hinduism, Hanuman is also found in Jainism and Buddhism. He is also a legendary character in legends and arts found outside Indian subcontinent such as in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia and Bali Indonesia. Outside India, Hanuman shares many characteristics with the Hindu versions in India, but differs in others. He is heroic, brave and steadfastly chaste, much like in the Sanskrit tradition, but not celibate. He marries and has children in other cultures, as is the case in a few regional versions in India. Hanuman is stated by scholars to be the inspiration for the allegory-filled adventures of a monkey hero in the Xiyouji (Journey to the West) – the great Chinese poetic novel influenced by the travels of Buddhist monk Xuanzang (602–664 CE) to India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman/org/wiki ]
[ Scoop whoop/inotheernew ]
[ Kasgar/god ]
[ Quora/how ]
[ Askgnesha/stories/hanuman/asp ]
Historical development:
Vedic roots:The earliest mention of a divine monkey, interpreted by some scholars as the proto-Hanuman, is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 1500 and 1200 BCE. The twenty three verses of the hymn is a metaphor and riddle filled legend. It is presented as a dialogue between multiple characters: god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Vrisakapi and his wife Kapi. The hymn opens with Indrani complaining to Indra that some of the soma offerings for Indra have been assigned to the energetic and strong monkey, and the people are forgetting Indra. The king of gods Indra responds by stating to his wife that the living being (monkey) that bothers her is to be seen as a friend, and that they should make an effort to be together in peace. The hymn closes with all agreeing that they should come together in Indra's house and share the wealth of offerings.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hnaman org /Hanuman ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa vednotesaspx ]
[ Astrojyoti Sankat mochan ]
[ Astrojyoti ]
This hymn, which includes an explicit discussion of sex and differences between species, has been interpreted in a number of ways by contemporary scholars. R.N. Dandekar states that it may metaphorically refer to another fertility god, while Wendy Doniger compares it to horse sacrifice. Stephanie Jamison states that the hymn mentions a bull-monkey, a euphemism for a horse and fertility ritual, very different from later era Hanuman. According to Philip Lutgendorf, there is "no convincing evidence for a monkey-worshipping cult in ancient India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maahiastro/abhi/Hanuman vedsutra ]
[ Astrojyoti/Sankatmochan ]
[ Atrojyoti ]
Tamil roots: The orientalist F. E. Pargiter (1852-1927) theorized that Hanuman was a proto-Dravidian deity. According to this theory, the name "Hanuman" derives from the Tamil word for male monkey (ana-mandi), first transformed to "Anumant" – a name which remains in use. "Anumant", according to this hypothesis, was later Sanskritized to "Hanuman" because the ancient Aryans confronted with a popular monkey deity of ancient Dravidians coopted the concept and then Sanskritized it. According to Murray Emeneau, known for his Tamil linguistic studies, this theory does not make sense because the Old Tamil word mandi in Caṅkam literature can only mean "female monkey", and Hanuman is male. Further, adds Emeneau, the compound ana-mandi makes no semantic sense in Tamil, which has well developed and sophisticated grammar and semantic rules. The "prominent jaw" etymology, according to Emeneau, is therefore plausible.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyourtubev=oferj;jz ]
[ Watchyoutubev=wqivcxoez8 ]
[ Saavn/tamilshri/Hanuman ]
[ Imgur/xjk5leb ]
[ Pinterest/pin/29097842598892092 ]
Epics and Puranas: Hanuman is mentioned in both the Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. A twentieth-century Jesuit missionary Camille Bulcke, in his Ramkatha: Utpatti Aur Vikas ("The tale of Rama: its origin and development"), proposed that Hanuman worship had its basis in the cults of aboriginal tribes of Central India.
Hanuman is mentioned in the Puranas. A medieval legend posited Hanuman as an avatar of the god Shiva by the 10th century CE (this development possibly started as early as in the 8th century CE). Hanuman is mentioned as an avatar of Shiva or Rudra in the medieval era Sanskrit texts like the Mahabhagvata Purana, the Skanda Purana, the Brhaddharma Purana and the Mahanataka among others. This development might have been a result of the Shavite attempts to insert their ishta devata (cherished deity) in the Vaishnavite texts.
Other mythologies, such as those found in South India, present Hanuman as a being who is the union of Shiva and Vishnu, or associated with the origin of Ayyappa. The 17th century Odia work Rasavinoda by Dinakrishnadasa goes on to mention that the three gods – Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva – combined to take to the form of Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyoutubev=f3wbngiamkc ]
[ Pinterest/pin/214554369718103316 ]
[ Pinerest/pin/31729273622422297 ]
[ Facebook/events/102949966704952 ]
[ Pinterest/rashmi112lord ]
Late medieval and modern era: In Valmiki's Ramayana, estimated to have been composed before or in about the 3rd century BCE, Hanuman is an important, creative character as a simian helper and messenger for Rama. The character evolved over time, reflecting regional cultural values. It is, however, in the late medieval era that his profile evolves into more central role and dominance as the exemplary spiritual devotee, particularly with the popular vernacular text Ramcharitmanas by Tulasidas . According to scholars such as Patrick Peebles and others, during a period of religious turmoil and Islamic rule of the Indian subcontinent, the Bhakti movement and devotionalism-oriented Bhakti yoga had emerged as a major trend in Hindu culture by the 16th-century, and the Ramcharitmanas presented Rama as a Vishnu avatar, supreme being and a personal god worthy of devotion, with Hanuman as the ideal loving devotee with legendary courage, strength and powers.
Hanuman evolved and emerged in this era as the ideal combination of shakti and bhakti. Stories and folk traditions in and after the 17th century, began to reformulate and present Hanuman as a divine being, as a descendent of deities, and as an avatar of Shiva. He emerged as a champion of those religiously persecuted, expressing resistance, a yogi, an inspiration for martial artists and warriors, character with less fur and increasingly human symbolizing cherished virtues and internal values worthy of devotion in his own right. Hindu monks morphed into soldiers, and they named their organizations after Hanuman.This evolution of Hanuman's character, religious and cultural role as well as his iconography continued through the colonial era and in post-colonial times.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Devdutt/articles/applied/queer ]
[ Columbia/its/mealac/prichett ]
[ Wikivisually/wiki/hanuman ]
[ exoticidiart/Mahavir ]
[ Ncbi/nih/ ]
Birth: In Indian mythology, Hanuman was born to Anjana and father Kesari.Hanuman is also called the son of the deity Vayu (Wind god, himself the son of Vishnu) because of legends associated with Vayu's role in Hanuman's birth. One story mentioned in Eknath's Bhavartha Ramayana (16th century CE) states that when Anjana was worshiping Shiva, the King Dasharatha of Ayodhya was also performing the ritual of Putrakama yagna in order to have children. As a result, he received some sacred pudding (payasam) to be shared by his three wives, leading to the births of Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. By divine ordinance, a kite snatched a fragment of that pudding and dropped it while flying over the forest where Anjana was engaged in worship. Vayu, the Hindu deity of the wind, delivered the falling pudding to the outstretched hands of Anjana, who consumed it. Hanuman was born to her as a result.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Quora/what ]
[ Speaking tree/alsiides/birth ]
[ Site google/site/hanumanstale ]
[ Apnisanskriti ]
[ Scoopwhoopinothernews ]
Childhood: According to Valmiki's Ramayana, one morning in his childhood, Hanuman was hungry and saw the rising red colored sun. Mistaking it for a ripe fruit, he leapt up to eat it. In one version of the Hindu legend, the king of gods Indra intervened and struck his thunderbolt. It hit Hanuman on his jaw, and he fell to the earth unconscious with a broken jaw. His father, Vayu (air), states Ramayana in section 4.65, became upset and withdrew. The lack of air created immense suffering to all living beings. This led Prajapati, the god of life, to intervene and resuscitate Hanuman, which in turn prompted Vayu to return to the living beings.
In another Hindu version of his childhood legend, which Lutgendorf states is likely older and also found in Jain texts such as the 8th-century Dhurtakhyana, after Hanuman's Icarus like leap for the sun, it proves to be fatal and he is burnt to ashes from sun's heat. His ashes fall onto the earth and oceans.Gods then gather the ashes and his bones from land and, with the help of fishes, from the water and re-assemble him. They find everything except one fragment of his jaw bone. His great grandfather on his mother's side then asks Surya to restore the child to life. Surya returns him to life, but Hanuman is left with a disfigured jaw.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ kinsgen/fable and fairytale ]
[ Sanatansocietyorg/indians ]
[ Balagokulam/kids/stories ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lords ]
[ Cybestro/articles/lord ]
Attributes:
Chiranjivi (immortal): various versions of Ramayana and Rama Katha state towards their end, just before Rama and Lakshmana die, that Hanuman is blessed to be immortal. He will be a part of humanity forever, while the story of Rama lives on.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediaorg/chiranjvi ]
[ Quora/who ]
[ Hinduism/question ]
[ Speaking tree/.asllides/hanuman ]
[ Speakingtree /lord ]
Kurūp and Sundar: he is described in Hindu texts as kurūp (ugly) on the outside, but divinely sundar (beautiful inside).
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Google/book/isbn=9352784251 ]
[ Youtubev=y;n5wbj6umm ]
[ Google books ]
[ Watchyoutubev=xodlbrssh ]
[ Wikipedia/wiki/sundrakanda ]
Kama-rupin: He can shape shift, become smaller than the smallest, larger than the largest adversary at will. He uses this attribute to shrink and enter Lanka, as he searches for the kidnapped Sita imprisoned in Lanka. Later on, he takes on the size of a mountain, blazing with radiance, to show his true power to Sita.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia/hanuman ]
[ Kasgar ]
[ Drmichaelamas/god ]
[ Busindia ]
[ Accollegemendara ]
Strength: Hanuman is extraordinarily strong, one capable of lifting and carrying any burden for a cause. He is called Vira, Mahavira, Mahabala and other names signifying this attribute of his. During the epic war between Rama and Ravana, Rama's brother Lakshmana is wounded. He can only be healed and his death prevented by a herb found in a particular Himalayan mountain. Hanuman leaps and finds the mountain. There, states Ramayana, Hanuman finds the mountain is full of many herbs. He doesn't know which one to take. So, he lifts the entire Himalayan mountain and carries it across India to Lanka for Lakshmana. His immense strength thus helps Lakshmana recover from his wound. This legend is the popular basis for the iconography where he is shown flying and carrying a mountain on his palm.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord/intersesting ]
[ Wikipedia/wik/hanuman ]
[ Dollsofindia/libary ]
[ Ankurlearningsolution ]
Innovative: Hanuman is described as someone who constantly faces very difficult odds, where the adversary or circumstances threaten his mission with certain defeat and his very existence. Yet he finds an innovative way to turn the odds. For example, after he finds Sita, delivers Rama's message, and persuades her that he is indeed Rama's true messenger, he is discovered by the prison guards. They arrest Hanuman, and under Ravana's orders take him to a public execution. There, the Ravana's guards begin his torture, tie his tail with oiled cloth and put it on fire. Hanuman then leaps, jumps from one palace rooftop to another, thus burning everything down.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Indiamarthanuman printer ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Google book?isbn=8184247613 ]
[ Googlebook?isbn=9384225762 ]
[ Allabuotoutdoor/news ]
Bhakti: Hanuman is presented as the exemplary devotee (bhakta) of Rama and Sita. The Hindu texts such as the Bhagavata Purana, the Bhakta Mala, the Ananda Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas present him as someone who is talented, strong, brave and spiritually devoted to Rama. The Rama stories such as the Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas, in turn themselves, present the Hindu dharmic concept of the ideal, virtuous and compassionate man (Rama) and woman (Sita) thereby providing the context for attributes assigned therein for Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Youtubev=d7gj0z6ib7e ]
[ Youtubev=aetfvqonfv8 ]
[ Youtubev=y180b9qilml ]
[ Youtubev=xpnhiseop ]
[ Bhaktigaane ]
Learned Yogi: In the late medieval texts and thereafter, such as those by Tulasidas, attributes of Hanuman include learned in Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism, the Vedas, a poet, a polymath, a grammarian, a singer and musician par excellence.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanumanwiki ]
[ Exoticidimart/hanuman ]
[ Gaia/article/hanuman ]
[ dlsq/religious ]
[ Google ]
Ramayana: The Sundara Kanda, the fifth book in the Ramayana, focuses on Hanuman. Hanuman meets Rama in the last year the latter's 14-year exile, after the demon king Ravana had kidnapped Sita. With his brother Lakshmana, Rama is searching for his wife Sita. This, and related Rama legends are the most extensive stories about Hanuman.
Numerous versions of the Ramayana exist within India. These present variant legends of Hanuman, Rama, Sita, Lakshamana and Ravana. The characters and their descriptions vary, in some cases quite significantly.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman/blog ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Amazon/hanuman ]
[ Hinduismstackexhange ]
[ Youtube ]
Mahabharata: The Mahabharata is another major epic which has a short mention of Hanuman. In Book 3, the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata, he is presented as a half brother of Bhima, who meets him accidentally on his way to Mount Kailasha. A man of extraordinary strength, Bhima is unable to move Hanuman's tail, making him realize and acknowledge the strength of Hanuman. This story attests to the ancient chronology of the Hanuman character. It is also a part of artwork and reliefs such as those at the Vijayanagara ruins.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Speaking tree/mysterious ]
[ Boldsky ]
[ Quora ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Youtubev=kmh ]
Other literature: Apart from Ramayana and Mahabharata, Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts. Some of these stories add to his adventures mentioned in the earlier epics, while others tell alternative stories of his life. The Skanda Purana mentions Hanuman in Rameswaram.
In a South Indian version of Shiva Purana, Hanuman is described as the son of Shiva and Mohini (the female avatar of Vishnu), or alternatively his mythology has been linked to or merged with the origin of Swami Ayyappa who is popular in parts of South India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Radhaswami/video ]
[ Purebhakti ]
[ Radhaswami net/09:009 ]
[ Youtube ]
[Watch youtube ]
Buddhism: Hanuman appears with a Buddhist gloss in Tibetan (southwest China) and Khotanese (west China, central Asia and northern Iran) versions of Ramayana. The Khotanese versions have a Jataka tales like theme, but are generally similar to the Hindu texts in the story line and in the character of Hanuman. The Tibetan version is more embellished, and without attempts to put a Jataka gloss. Further, in Tibetan version, novel elements appear such as where Hanuman carries love letters between Rama and Sita in addition to the Hindu version where Rama sends with him the wedding ring as a message to Sita. Further, in Tibetan version, Rama chides Hanuman for not corresponding with him through letters more often implying that the monkey-messenger and warrior is a learned being who can read and write letters.
In Sri Lankan version of Ramayana, which are titled after Ravana, the story is less melodramatic than the Indian versions. Many of the bravery and innovativeness legends relating to Hanuman are found in Sinhala versions, the characters have Buddhist themes, and lack the embedded ethics and values structure according to Hindu dharma. According to Hera Walker, some Sinhalese communities seek the aid of Hanuman through prayers to his mother. In Chinese Buddhist texts, states Arthur Cotterall, myths mention meeting of the Buddha with Hanuman, as well as Hanuman's great triumphs. According to Rosalind Lefeber, the arrival of Hanuman in East Asian Buddhist text may trace its roots to the translation of Ramayana into Chinese and Tibetan in 6th-century CE.
In both China and Japan, according to Lutgendorf, much like India there is a lack of a radical divide between humans and animals, with all living beings and nature assumed to be related to humans. There is no exaltation of humans over animals or nature, unlike the Western traditions. Divine monkey has been a part of the historic literature and culture of China and Japan, possibly influenced by the close cultural contact through Buddhist monks and pilgrimage to India over two millennia. For example, the Japanese text Keiranshuyoshu, while presenting its mythology about divine monkey, that is the theriomorphic Shinto emblem of Hie shrines, describes a flying white monkey that carries a mountain from India to China, then from China to Japan. Many Japanese shrines and village boundaries, dated to be from 8th to 14th centuries, feature monkey deity as guardians or intermediaries between the humans and the gods.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Buddhagarden ]
[ Wikihanuman ]
[ Dharmawheel ]
[ Easternspriuallty ]
[ Britanica ]
Jainism: Main articles: Rama in Jainism and Salakapurusa
Paumacariya (also known as Pauma Chariu or Padmacharit), the Jain version of Ramayana written by Vimalasuri, mentions Hanuman not as a divine monkey, but as a Vidyadhara (a supernatural being, demigod in Jain cosmology). He is the son of Pavangati (wind deity) and Anjana Sundari. Anjana gives birth to Hanuman in a forest cave, after being banished by her in-laws. Her maternal uncle rescues her from the forest; while boarding his vimana, Anjana accidentally drops her baby on a rock. However, the baby remains uninjured while the rock is shattered. The baby is raised in Hanuruha, his great uncle's island kingdom, from which Hanuman gets his name. Hanuman's strength is not his own achievement, but attributed to his mother's asceticism. In Jain texts, Hanuman is depicted as the 17th of 24 Kamadevas, the one who is ultimately handsome.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Jainismworld ]
[ Indiaforum ]
[ Enyclopedia ]
[ Wikipedia Rama inJainism ]
[ Hindu ]
Sikhism: In Sikhism, Hindu god Rama has been referred to as Sri Ram Chandar, and the story of Hanuman as a siddha has been influential. After the birth of martial Sikh Khalsa movement in 1699, during the 18th and 19th century, Hanuman was an inspiration and object of reverence by the Khalsa. Some Khalsa regiments brought along Hanuman image to the battle ground. The Sikh texts such as Hanuman Natak composed by Hirda Ram Bhalla, and Das Gur Katha by Kavi Kankan describe the heroic deeds of Hanuman. According to Louis Fenech, the Sikh tradition states that Guru Gobind Singh was a fond reader of the Hanuman Natak text.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Sikhnet ]
[ Sikhiwiki/index ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Info/page ]
[ Quora ]
Southeast Asian texts: The non-Indian versions of Ramayana, such as the Thai Ramakien, mention that Hanuman had relationships with multiple women, including Svayamprabha, Benjakaya (Vibhisana's daughter), Suvannamaccha and even Ravana's wife Mandodari. According to these versions of the Ramayana, Macchanu is son of Hanuman borne by Suvannamaccha, daughter of Ravana. The Jain text Paumacariya mentions that Hanuman married Lankasundari, the daughter of Lanka's chief defender Bajramukha.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Survannmaccha ]
[ Googleid? ]
[ Google book ]
[ Googlebook? ]
[ Britanica/hanuman ]
Significance and influence : Hanuman became more important in the medieval period and came to be portrayed as the ideal devotee (bhakta) of Rama. Hanuman's life, devotion, celibacy and strength inspired wrestlers in India.
According to Philip Lutgendorf, devotionalism to Hanuman and his theological significance emerged long after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE. His prominence grew after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. He is viewed as the ideal combination of shakti ("strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence") and bhakti ("loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama"). Beyond wrestlers, he has been the patron god of other martial arts. He is stated to be a gifted grammarian, meditating yogi and diligent scholar. He exemplifies the human excellences of temperance, faith and service to a cause.
In 17th-century north and western regions of India, Hanuman emerged as an expression of resistance and dedication against Islamic persecution. For example, the bhakti poet-saint Ramdas presented Hanuman as a symbol of Marathi nationalism and resistance to Mughal Empire.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindukjaruti ]
[ Hinduwebsite ]
[ Exoticindiamart/article/hanuman ]
[ Scoopwhoop ]
[ Googlebook ]
Iconography:
Hanuman's iconography shows him either with other central characters of the Ramayana or by himself. If with Rama and Sita, he is shown to the right of Rama, as a devotee bowing or kneeling before them with a Namaste (Anjali Hasta) posture. If alone, he carries weapons such as a big Gada (mace) and thunderbolt (vajra), sometimes in a scene reminiscent of a scene from his life.
In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been common. He is typically shown with Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, near or in Vaishnavism temples, as well as by himself usually opening his chest to symbolically show images of Rama and Sita near his heart. He is also popular among the followers of Shaivism.
In north India, aniconic representation of Hanuman such as a round stone has been in use by yogi, as a means to help focus on the abstract asSpects of him.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Es.scribed/document ]
[ Documentshanuman ]
[ Wikipedia ]
[ Pinterest ]
[ Book ]
Temples and shrines: Hanuman is often worshipped along with Rama and Sita of Vaishnavism, sometimes independently. There are numerous statues to celebrate or temples to worship Hanuman all over India. In some regions, he is considered as an avatar of Shiva, the focus of Shaivism.According to a review by Lutgendorf, some scholars state that the earliest Hanuman murtis appeared in the 8th-century, but verifiable evidence of Hanuman images and inscriptions appear in the 10th century in Indian monasteries in central and north India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Workthrougfh ]
[ Tourmyindia ]
[ Tourmyindia/blog ]
[ Scoopwhoop/haunted ]
Festivals and celebrations:
Hanuman is a central character in the annual Ramlila celebrations in India, and seasonal dramatic arts in southeast Asia particularly Thailand, Bali and Java Indonesia. Ramlila is a dramatic folk re-enactment of the life of Rama according to the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana or secondary literature based on it such as the Ramcharitmanas. It particularly refers to the thousands of dramatic plays and dance events, that are staged during the annual autumn festival of Navratri in India. Hanuman is features in many parts of the folk enacted play of the legendary war between Good and Evil, with the celebrations climaxing in the Dussehra (Dasara, Vijayadashami) night festivities where the giant grotesque effigies of Evil such as of demon Ravana are burnt, typically with fireworks.
Hanuman's birthday is observed by some Hindus as Hanuman Jayanti. It falls in much of India in the traditional month of Chaitra in lunisolar Hindu calendar, which overlaps with March and April. However, in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Hanuman Jayanthi is observed in the regional Hindu month of Margazhi, which overlaps with December and January. The festive day is observed with devotees gathering at Hanuman temples before sunrise, and day long spiritual recitations and story reading about the victory of good over evil.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman ]
[ Hanumanfestival ]
[ Hanumanfestivalhome revised ]
[ Hanumanfestival/resources ]
[ Hanumanfestival cause ]
Hanuman in Southeast Asia:
Cambodia: Hanuman is a revered heroic figure in Khmer history in southeast Asia. He features predominantly in the Reamker, a Cambodian epic poem, based on the Sanskrit's Ramayana epic.Intricate carvings on the walls of Angkor Wat depict scenes from the Ramayana including those of Hanuman.
In Cambodia and many other parts of southeast Asia, mask dance and shadow theatre arts celebrate Hanuman with Ream (same as Rama of India). Hanuman is represented by a white mask.Particularly popular in southeast Asian theatre are Hanuman's accomplishments as a martial artist and as an amorous seducer of women, in interpolated plays that are missing from most versions of the Indian Ramayana.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediareamker ]
[ Hanumanwiki/org ]
[ Business ]
[ Booksgooglebooks ]
Indonesia: Hanuman is the central character in many of the historic dance and drama art works such as Wayang Wong found in Hindu communities of Bali Indonesia. These performance arts can be traced to at least the 10th century. He has been popular, along with the local versions of Ramayana in other islands of Indonesia such as Java.
In major medieval era Hindu temples, archeological sites and manuscripts discovered in Indonesian and Malay islands, Hanuman features prominently along with Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Vishvamitra and Sugriva. The most studied and detailed relief artworks are found in Candi Panataran and Prambanan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Rreamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Business ]
[ Googlebooks ]
Thailand: Hanuman has been a historic and popular character of Ramakien in Thai culture. He appears wearing a crown on his head and armor. He is depicted as an albino white, strong character with open mouth in action, sometimes shown carrying a trident. In Ramkien, Hanuman is a devoted soldier of Rama. Unlike in Indian adaptations, he is not celibate, and he is presented as a ladies man, according to Paula Richman. He meets the mermaid Suvannamaccha and the couple have a son. Hanuman plays a dominant role in the Thai version of the Ramayana epic.
Like the Indian tradition, Hanuman is the patron of martial arts and an example of courage, fortitude and excellence in Thailand.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikkipedia/org/reamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Businees ]
[ Googlebooks ]
References:
George M. Williams (2008). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2.
Jump up ^ Brian A. Hatcher (2015). Hinduism in the Modern World. Routledge. ISBN 9781135046309.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibek Debroy (2012). The Mahabharata: Volume 3. Penguin Books. pp. 184 with footnote 686. ISBN 978-0-14-310015-7.
Jump up ^ "Hanuman", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-415-93919-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wendy Doniger, Hanuman: Hindu mythology, Encyclopaedia Britannica; For a summary of the Chinese text, see Xiyouji: NOVEL BY WU CHENG’EN
^ Jump up to: a b Susan Whitfield; Ursula Sims-Williams (2004). The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith. Serindia Publications. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-932476-13-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
^ Jump up to: a b J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1310–1311. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c Catherine Ludvik (1994). Hanumān in the Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki and the Rāmacaritamānasa of Tulasī Dāsa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 2–9. ISBN 978-81-208-1122-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Paula Richman (2010), Review: Lutgendorf, Philip's Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey, The Journal of Asian Studies; Vol 69, Issue 4 (Nov 2010), pages 1287-1288.
Jayant Lele (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 90-04-06370-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–32, 116, 257–259, 388–391. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Lutgendorf, Philip (1997). "Monkey in the Middle: The Status of Hanuman in Popular Hinduism". Religion. Routledge. 27 (4): 311–332. doi:10.1006/reli.1997.0095.
Jump up ^ Lutgendorf, Philip (1994). "My Hanuman Is Bigger Than Yours". History of Religions. University of Chicago Press. 33 (3): 211–245. doi:10.1086/463367.
Jump up ^ H. S. Walker (1998), Indigenous or Foreign? A Look at the Origins of the Monkey Hero Sun Wukong, Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 81. September 1998, Editor: Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania
Jump up ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri; Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri (2005). Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography. Mittal Publications. p. 45. ISBN 978-81-8324-026-0.
Jump up ^ J.H. Maronier (2013). Pictures of the Tropics: A Catalogue of Drawings, Water-Colours, Paintings and Sculptures in the Collection of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology in Leiden. Springer. p. 127. ISBN 978-94-017-6643-2.
Jump up ^ R. V. R. Murthy (2005). Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Development and Decentralization. Mittal Publications. p. 20. ISBN 978-81-8324-049-9.
Jump up ^ Uta Gärtner (1994). Tradition and Modernity in Myanmar. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 317. ISBN 978-3-8258-2186-9.
Jump up ^ Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5.
Jump up ^ Marijke Klokke (2006). Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-979-26-2499-1.
Jump up ^ Eugenio Barba; Nicola Savarese (2011). A Dictionary of Theatre Anthropology: The Secret Art of the Performer. Taylor & Francis. pp. 77 with Fig 13. ISBN 978-1-135-17635-8.
Jump up ^ ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.८६, Rigveda, Wikisource
^ Jump up to: a b c Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 23-25
Jump up ^ Legend of Ram–Retold. PublishAmerica. pp. 56–. ISBN 978-1-4512-2350-7.
Jump up ^ Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 22-23
Jump up ^ Nanditha Krishna (1 January 2010). Sacred Animals of India. Penguin Books India. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-0-14-306619-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Camille Bulcke; Dineśvara Prasāda (2010). Rāmakathā and Other Essays. Vani Prakashan. pp. 117–126. ISBN 978-93-5000-107-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Swami Parmeshwaranand. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas, Volume 1. Sarup & Sons. pp. 411–. ISBN 978-81-7625-226-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Diana L. Eck (1991). Devotion divine, Bhakti traditions from the regions of India: studies in honour of Charlotte Vaudeville. Egbert Forsten. pp. 69, 62–67. ISBN 978-90-6980-045-5., Quote: "Giving up his Rudra form, Lord Shiva as Hanuman adopted a monkey figure, only in view of his affection for Rama."
0 notes
Text
Sri Hanuman Chalisa
Doha
Shri Guru Charan Sarooja-raj Nija manu Mukura Sudhaari
Baranau Rahubhara Bimala Yasha Jo Dayaka Phala Chari
Budhee-Heen Thanu Jannikay Sumirow Pavana Kumara
Bala-Budhee Vidya Dehoo Mohee Harahu Kalesha Vikaara
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE:
] MAHARAJ HANUMAN ]
[ Video ]
[ Vedsutra hanuman ]
[ Hanuman chalisa blogspot ]
[ Speaking tree/these ]
Chopai
Jai Hanuman gyan gun sagar
Jai Kapis tihun lok ujagar
Ram doot atulit bal dhama
Anjaani-putra Pavan sut nama
Mahabir Bikram Bajrangi
Kumati nivar sumati Ke sangi
Kanchan varan viraj subesa
Kanan Kundal Kunchit Kesha
Hath Vajra Aur Dhuvaje Viraje
Kaandhe moonj janehu sajaiSankar suvan kesri Nandan
Tej prataap maha jag vandan
Vidyavaan guni ati chatur
Ram kaj karibe ko aatur
Prabu charitra sunibe-ko rasiya
Ram Lakhan Sita man Basiya
Sukshma roop dhari Siyahi dikhava
Vikat roop dhari lank jarava
Bhima roop dhari asur sanghare
Ramachandra ke kaj sanvare
Laye Sanjivan Lakhan Jiyaye
Shri Raghuvir Harashi ur laye
Raghupati Kinhi bahut badai
Tum mam priye Bharat-hi-sam bhai
Sahas badan tumharo yash gaave
Asa-kahi Shripati kanth lagaave
Sankadhik Brahmaadi Muneesa
Narad-Sarad sahit Aheesa
Yam Kuber Digpaal Jahan teav
i kovid kahi sake kahan te
Tum upkar Sugreevahin keenha
Ram milaye rajpad deenha
Tumharo mantra Vibheeshan maana
Lankeshwar Bhaye Sub jag jana
Yug sahastra jojan par Bhanu
Leelyo tahi madhur phal janu
Prabhu mudrika meli mukh mahee
Jaladhi langhi gaye achraj nahee
Durgaam kaj jagath ke jete
Sugam anugraha tumhre tete
Ram dwaare tum rakhvare
Hoat na agya binu paisare
Sub sukh lahae tumhari sar na
Tum rakshak kahu ko dar naa
Aapan tej samharo aapai
Teenhon lok hank te kanpai
Bhoot pisaach Nikat nahin aavai
Mahavir jab naam sunavae
Nase rog harae sab peera
Japat nirantar Hanumant beera
Sankat se Hanuman chudavae
Man Karam Vachan dyan jo lavai
Sab par Ram tapasvee raja
Tin ke kaj sakal Tum saja
Aur manorath jo koi lavai
Sohi amit jeevan phal pavai
Charon Yug partap tumhara
Hai persidh jagat ujiyara
Sadhu Sant ke tum Rakhware
Asur nikandan Ram dulhare
Ashta-sidhi nav nidhi ke dhata
As-var deen Janki mata
Ram rasayan tumhare pasa
Sada raho Raghupati ke dasa
Tumhare bhajan Ram ko pavai
Janam-janam ke dukh bisraavai
Anth-kaal Raghuvir pur jayee
Jahan janam Hari-Bakht Kahayee
Aur Devta Chit na dharehi
Hanumanth se hi sarve sukh karehi
Sankat kate-mite sab peera
Jo sumirai Hanumat Balbeera
Jai Jai Jai Hanuman Gosahin
Kripa Karahu Gurudev ki nyahin
Jo sat bar path kare kohi
Chutehi bandhi maha sukh hohi
Jo yah padhe Hanuman Chalisa
Hoye siddhi sakhi Gaureesa
Tulsidas sada hari chera
Keejai Nath Hridaye mein dera
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindiastroyogi ]
[ Watchyoutubev=ulf2bj ]
[ Watchyoutubev=nr18coa ]
[ Raagtunes ]
[ Khabarindiatv ]
Doha
Pavan Tanay Sankat Harana
Mangala Murati Roop
Ram Lakhana Sita Sahita
Hriday Basahu Soor Bhoop
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maharaj Hanuman ]
[ Watchyoutubev=cblgjbeq ]
[ VedsutraHnuman chalisa ]
[ Hanuman chalisa bhajan ]
[ Speaking tree ].
Meaning: The Hanuman Chalisa (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː]; literally Forty chaupais on Hanuman) is a Hindu devotional hymn (stotra) addressed to Hanuman. ... Hanuman is a vanara (a monkey-like humanoid), a devotee of Ram, and one of the central characters in the Indian epic poem, the Ramayan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman ]
[ Speaking tree /blog meaning ]
[ The indianmythology ]
[ Watch youtubev=gjoe5gq ]
[ Hindiremedy/Hanuman ]
Who was Lord Hanuman?
Hanuman participated in Rama's war against the demon king Ravana. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. He is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Pawan, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
Hanuman ,(Sanskrit: हनुमान्) is an ardent devotee of Lord Rama and one of the central characters in the various versions of the epic Ramayana found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. As one of the Chiranjivi, he is also mentioned in several other texts, such as the Mahabharata the various Puranas and some Jain, Buddhist, and Sikh texts. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. Hanuman is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
His theological origins in Hinduism are unclear. Alternate theories include him having ancient roots, being a non-Aryan deity who was Sanskritized by the Vedic Aryans, or that he is a fusion deity who emerged in literary works from folk Yaksha protector deities and theological symbolism.
While Hanuman is one of the central characters in the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, the evidence of devotional worship to him is missing in the texts and archeological sites of ancient and most of the medieval period. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist known for his studies on Hanuman, the theological significance and devotional dedication to Hanuman emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas expressed Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been increasingly common. He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti. In later literature, he has been the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling, acrobatics, as well as meditation and diligent scholarship. He symbolizes the human excellences of inner self-control, faith and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like a monkey.
Besides being a popular deity in Hinduism, Hanuman is also found in Jainism and Buddhism. He is also a legendary character in legends and arts found outside Indian subcontinent such as in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia and Bali Indonesia. Outside India, Hanuman shares many characteristics with the Hindu versions in India, but differs in others. He is heroic, brave and steadfastly chaste, much like in the Sanskrit tradition, but not celibate. He marries and has children in other cultures, as is the case in a few regional versions in India. Hanuman is stated by scholars to be the inspiration for the allegory-filled adventures of a monkey hero in the Xiyouji (Journey to the West) – the great Chinese poetic novel influenced by the travels of Buddhist monk Xuanzang (602–664 CE) to India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman/org/wiki ]
[ Scoop whoop/inotheernew ]
[ Kasgar/god ]
[ Quora/how ]
[ Askgnesha/stories/hanuman/asp ]
Historical development:
Vedic roots:The earliest mention of a divine monkey, interpreted by some scholars as the proto-Hanuman, is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 1500 and 1200 BCE. The twenty three verses of the hymn is a metaphor and riddle filled legend. It is presented as a dialogue between multiple characters: god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Vrisakapi and his wife Kapi. The hymn opens with Indrani complaining to Indra that some of the soma offerings for Indra have been assigned to the energetic and strong monkey, and the people are forgetting Indra. The king of gods Indra responds by stating to his wife that the living being (monkey) that bothers her is to be seen as a friend, and that they should make an effort to be together in peace. The hymn closes with all agreeing that they should come together in Indra's house and share the wealth of offerings.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hnaman org /Hanuman ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa vednotesaspx ]
[ Astrojyoti Sankat mochan ]
[ Astrojyoti ]
This hymn, which includes an explicit discussion of sex and differences between species, has been interpreted in a number of ways by contemporary scholars. R.N. Dandekar states that it may metaphorically refer to another fertility god, while Wendy Doniger compares it to horse sacrifice. Stephanie Jamison states that the hymn mentions a bull-monkey, a euphemism for a horse and fertility ritual, very different from later era Hanuman. According to Philip Lutgendorf, there is "no convincing evidence for a monkey-worshipping cult in ancient India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maahiastro/abhi/Hanuman vedsutra ]
[ Astrojyoti/Sankatmochan ]
[ Atrojyoti ]
Tamil roots: The orientalist F. E. Pargiter (1852-1927) theorized that Hanuman was a proto-Dravidian deity. According to this theory, the name "Hanuman" derives from the Tamil word for male monkey (ana-mandi), first transformed to "Anumant" – a name which remains in use. "Anumant", according to this hypothesis, was later Sanskritized to "Hanuman" because the ancient Aryans confronted with a popular monkey deity of ancient Dravidians coopted the concept and then Sanskritized it. According to Murray Emeneau, known for his Tamil linguistic studies, this theory does not make sense because the Old Tamil word mandi in Caṅkam literature can only mean "female monkey", and Hanuman is male. Further, adds Emeneau, the compound ana-mandi makes no semantic sense in Tamil, which has well developed and sophisticated grammar and semantic rules. The "prominent jaw" etymology, according to Emeneau, is therefore plausible.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyourtubev=oferj;jz ]
[ Watchyoutubev=wqivcxoez8 ]
[ Saavn/tamilshri/Hanuman ]
[ Imgur/xjk5leb ]
[ Pinterest/pin/29097842598892092 ]
Epics and Puranas: Hanuman is mentioned in both the Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. A twentieth-century Jesuit missionary Camille Bulcke, in his Ramkatha: Utpatti Aur Vikas ("The tale of Rama: its origin and development"), proposed that Hanuman worship had its basis in the cults of aboriginal tribes of Central India.
Hanuman is mentioned in the Puranas. A medieval legend posited Hanuman as an avatar of the god Shiva by the 10th century CE (this development possibly started as early as in the 8th century CE). Hanuman is mentioned as an avatar of Shiva or Rudra in the medieval era Sanskrit texts like the Mahabhagvata Purana, the Skanda Purana, the Brhaddharma Purana and the Mahanataka among others. This development might have been a result of the Shavite attempts to insert their ishta devata (cherished deity) in the Vaishnavite texts.
Other mythologies, such as those found in South India, present Hanuman as a being who is the union of Shiva and Vishnu, or associated with the origin of Ayyappa. The 17th century Odia work Rasavinoda by Dinakrishnadasa goes on to mention that the three gods – Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva – combined to take to the form of Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyoutubev=f3wbngiamkc ]
[ Pinterest/pin/214554369718103316 ]
[ Pinerest/pin/31729273622422297 ]
[ Facebook/events/102949966704952 ]
[ Pinterest/rashmi112lord ]
Late medieval and modern era: In Valmiki's Ramayana, estimated to have been composed before or in about the 3rd century BCE, Hanuman is an important, creative character as a simian helper and messenger for Rama. The character evolved over time, reflecting regional cultural values. It is, however, in the late medieval era that his profile evolves into more central role and dominance as the exemplary spiritual devotee, particularly with the popular vernacular text Ramcharitmanas by Tulasidas . According to scholars such as Patrick Peebles and others, during a period of religious turmoil and Islamic rule of the Indian subcontinent, the Bhakti movement and devotionalism-oriented Bhakti yoga had emerged as a major trend in Hindu culture by the 16th-century, and the Ramcharitmanas presented Rama as a Vishnu avatar, supreme being and a personal god worthy of devotion, with Hanuman as the ideal loving devotee with legendary courage, strength and powers.
Hanuman evolved and emerged in this era as the ideal combination of shakti and bhakti. Stories and folk traditions in and after the 17th century, began to reformulate and present Hanuman as a divine being, as a descendent of deities, and as an avatar of Shiva. He emerged as a champion of those religiously persecuted, expressing resistance, a yogi, an inspiration for martial artists and warriors, character with less fur and increasingly human symbolizing cherished virtues and internal values worthy of devotion in his own right. Hindu monks morphed into soldiers, and they named their organizations after Hanuman.This evolution of Hanuman's character, religious and cultural role as well as his iconography continued through the colonial era and in post-colonial times.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Devdutt/articles/applied/queer ]
[ Columbia/its/mealac/prichett ]
[ Wikivisually/wiki/hanuman ]
[ exoticidiart/Mahavir ]
[ Ncbi/nih/ ]
Birth: In Indian mythology, Hanuman was born to Anjana and father Kesari.Hanuman is also called the son of the deity Vayu (Wind god, himself the son of Vishnu) because of legends associated with Vayu's role in Hanuman's birth. One story mentioned in Eknath's Bhavartha Ramayana (16th century CE) states that when Anjana was worshiping Shiva, the King Dasharatha of Ayodhya was also performing the ritual of Putrakama yagna in order to have children. As a result, he received some sacred pudding (payasam) to be shared by his three wives, leading to the births of Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. By divine ordinance, a kite snatched a fragment of that pudding and dropped it while flying over the forest where Anjana was engaged in worship. Vayu, the Hindu deity of the wind, delivered the falling pudding to the outstretched hands of Anjana, who consumed it. Hanuman was born to her as a result.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Quora/what ]
[ Speaking tree/alsiides/birth ]
[ Site google/site/hanumanstale ]
[ Apnisanskriti ]
[ Scoopwhoopinothernews ]
Childhood: According to Valmiki's Ramayana, one morning in his childhood, Hanuman was hungry and saw the rising red colored sun. Mistaking it for a ripe fruit, he leapt up to eat it. In one version of the Hindu legend, the king of gods Indra intervened and struck his thunderbolt. It hit Hanuman on his jaw, and he fell to the earth unconscious with a broken jaw. His father, Vayu (air), states Ramayana in section 4.65, became upset and withdrew. The lack of air created immense suffering to all living beings. This led Prajapati, the god of life, to intervene and resuscitate Hanuman, which in turn prompted Vayu to return to the living beings.
In another Hindu version of his childhood legend, which Lutgendorf states is likely older and also found in Jain texts such as the 8th-century Dhurtakhyana, after Hanuman's Icarus like leap for the sun, it proves to be fatal and he is burnt to ashes from sun's heat. His ashes fall onto the earth and oceans.Gods then gather the ashes and his bones from land and, with the help of fishes, from the water and re-assemble him. They find everything except one fragment of his jaw bone. His great grandfather on his mother's side then asks Surya to restore the child to life. Surya returns him to life, but Hanuman is left with a disfigured jaw.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ kinsgen/fable and fairytale ]
[ Sanatansocietyorg/indians ]
[ Balagokulam/kids/stories ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lords ]
[ Cybestro/articles/lord ]
Attributes:
Chiranjivi (immortal): various versions of Ramayana and Rama Katha state towards their end, just before Rama and Lakshmana die, that Hanuman is blessed to be immortal. He will be a part of humanity forever, while the story of Rama lives on.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediaorg/chiranjvi ]
[ Quora/who ]
[ Hinduism/question ]
[ Speaking tree/.asllides/hanuman ]
[ Speakingtree /lord ]
Kurūp and Sundar: he is described in Hindu texts as kurūp (ugly) on the outside, but divinely sundar (beautiful inside).
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Google/book/isbn=9352784251 ]
[ Youtubev=y;n5wbj6umm ]
[ Google books ]
[ Watchyoutubev=xodlbrssh ]
[ Wikipedia/wiki/sundrakanda ]
Kama-rupin: He can shape shift, become smaller than the smallest, larger than the largest adversary at will. He uses this attribute to shrink and enter Lanka, as he searches for the kidnapped Sita imprisoned in Lanka. Later on, he takes on the size of a mountain, blazing with radiance, to show his true power to Sita.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia/hanuman ]
[ Kasgar ]
[ Drmichaelamas/god ]
[ Busindia ]
[ Accollegemendara ]
Strength: Hanuman is extraordinarily strong, one capable of lifting and carrying any burden for a cause. He is called Vira, Mahavira, Mahabala and other names signifying this attribute of his. During the epic war between Rama and Ravana, Rama's brother Lakshmana is wounded. He can only be healed and his death prevented by a herb found in a particular Himalayan mountain. Hanuman leaps and finds the mountain. There, states Ramayana, Hanuman finds the mountain is full of many herbs. He doesn't know which one to take. So, he lifts the entire Himalayan mountain and carries it across India to Lanka for Lakshmana. His immense strength thus helps Lakshmana recover from his wound. This legend is the popular basis for the iconography where he is shown flying and carrying a mountain on his palm.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord/intersesting ]
[ Wikipedia/wik/hanuman ]
[ Dollsofindia/libary ]
[ Ankurlearningsolution ]
Innovative: Hanuman is described as someone who constantly faces very difficult odds, where the adversary or circumstances threaten his mission with certain defeat and his very existence. Yet he finds an innovative way to turn the odds. For example, after he finds Sita, delivers Rama's message, and persuades her that he is indeed Rama's true messenger, he is discovered by the prison guards. They arrest Hanuman, and under Ravana's orders take him to a public execution. There, the Ravana's guards begin his torture, tie his tail with oiled cloth and put it on fire. Hanuman then leaps, jumps from one palace rooftop to another, thus burning everything down.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Indiamarthanuman printer ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Google book?isbn=8184247613 ]
[ Googlebook?isbn=9384225762 ]
[ Allabuotoutdoor/news ]
Bhakti: Hanuman is presented as the exemplary devotee (bhakta) of Rama and Sita. The Hindu texts such as the Bhagavata Purana, the Bhakta Mala, the Ananda Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas present him as someone who is talented, strong, brave and spiritually devoted to Rama. The Rama stories such as the Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas, in turn themselves, present the Hindu dharmic concept of the ideal, virtuous and compassionate man (Rama) and woman (Sita) thereby providing the context for attributes assigned therein for Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Youtubev=d7gj0z6ib7e ]
[ Youtubev=aetfvqonfv8 ]
[ Youtubev=y180b9qilml ]
[ Youtubev=xpnhiseop ]
[ Bhaktigaane ]
Learned Yogi: In the late medieval texts and thereafter, such as those by Tulasidas, attributes of Hanuman include learned in Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism, the Vedas, a poet, a polymath, a grammarian, a singer and musician par excellence.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanumanwiki ]
[ Exoticidimart/hanuman ]
[ Gaia/article/hanuman ]
[ dlsq/religious ]
[ Google ]
Ramayana: The Sundara Kanda, the fifth book in the Ramayana, focuses on Hanuman. Hanuman meets Rama in the last year the latter's 14-year exile, after the demon king Ravana had kidnapped Sita. With his brother Lakshmana, Rama is searching for his wife Sita. This, and related Rama legends are the most extensive stories about Hanuman.
Numerous versions of the Ramayana exist within India. These present variant legends of Hanuman, Rama, Sita, Lakshamana and Ravana. The characters and their descriptions vary, in some cases quite significantly.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman/blog ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Amazon/hanuman ]
[ Hinduismstackexhange ]
[ Youtube ]
Mahabharata: The Mahabharata is another major epic which has a short mention of Hanuman. In Book 3, the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata, he is presented as a half brother of Bhima, who meets him accidentally on his way to Mount Kailasha. A man of extraordinary strength, Bhima is unable to move Hanuman's tail, making him realize and acknowledge the strength of Hanuman. This story attests to the ancient chronology of the Hanuman character. It is also a part of artwork and reliefs such as those at the Vijayanagara ruins.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Speaking tree/mysterious ]
[ Boldsky ]
[ Quora ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Youtubev=kmh ]
Other literature: Apart from Ramayana and Mahabharata, Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts. Some of these stories add to his adventures mentioned in the earlier epics, while others tell alternative stories of his life. The Skanda Purana mentions Hanuman in Rameswaram.
In a South Indian version of Shiva Purana, Hanuman is described as the son of Shiva and Mohini (the female avatar of Vishnu), or alternatively his mythology has been linked to or merged with the origin of Swami Ayyappa who is popular in parts of South India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Radhaswami/video ]
[ Purebhakti ]
[ Radhaswami net/09:009 ]
[ Youtube ]
[Watch youtube ]
Buddhism: Hanuman appears with a Buddhist gloss in Tibetan (southwest China) and Khotanese (west China, central Asia and northern Iran) versions of Ramayana. The Khotanese versions have a Jataka tales like theme, but are generally similar to the Hindu texts in the story line and in the character of Hanuman. The Tibetan version is more embellished, and without attempts to put a Jataka gloss. Further, in Tibetan version, novel elements appear such as where Hanuman carries love letters between Rama and Sita in addition to the Hindu version where Rama sends with him the wedding ring as a message to Sita. Further, in Tibetan version, Rama chides Hanuman for not corresponding with him through letters more often implying that the monkey-messenger and warrior is a learned being who can read and write letters.
In Sri Lankan version of Ramayana, which are titled after Ravana, the story is less melodramatic than the Indian versions. Many of the bravery and innovativeness legends relating to Hanuman are found in Sinhala versions, the characters have Buddhist themes, and lack the embedded ethics and values structure according to Hindu dharma. According to Hera Walker, some Sinhalese communities seek the aid of Hanuman through prayers to his mother. In Chinese Buddhist texts, states Arthur Cotterall, myths mention meeting of the Buddha with Hanuman, as well as Hanuman's great triumphs. According to Rosalind Lefeber, the arrival of Hanuman in East Asian Buddhist text may trace its roots to the translation of Ramayana into Chinese and Tibetan in 6th-century CE.
In both China and Japan, according to Lutgendorf, much like India there is a lack of a radical divide between humans and animals, with all living beings and nature assumed to be related to humans. There is no exaltation of humans over animals or nature, unlike the Western traditions. Divine monkey has been a part of the historic literature and culture of China and Japan, possibly influenced by the close cultural contact through Buddhist monks and pilgrimage to India over two millennia. For example, the Japanese text Keiranshuyoshu, while presenting its mythology about divine monkey, that is the theriomorphic Shinto emblem of Hie shrines, describes a flying white monkey that carries a mountain from India to China, then from China to Japan. Many Japanese shrines and village boundaries, dated to be from 8th to 14th centuries, feature monkey deity as guardians or intermediaries between the humans and the gods.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Buddhagarden ]
[ Wikihanuman ]
[ Dharmawheel ]
[ Easternspriuallty ]
[ Britanica ]
Jainism: Main articles: Rama in Jainism and Salakapurusa
Paumacariya (also known as Pauma Chariu or Padmacharit), the Jain version of Ramayana written by Vimalasuri, mentions Hanuman not as a divine monkey, but as a Vidyadhara (a supernatural being, demigod in Jain cosmology). He is the son of Pavangati (wind deity) and Anjana Sundari. Anjana gives birth to Hanuman in a forest cave, after being banished by her in-laws. Her maternal uncle rescues her from the forest; while boarding his vimana, Anjana accidentally drops her baby on a rock. However, the baby remains uninjured while the rock is shattered. The baby is raised in Hanuruha, his great uncle's island kingdom, from which Hanuman gets his name. Hanuman's strength is not his own achievement, but attributed to his mother's asceticism. In Jain texts, Hanuman is depicted as the 17th of 24 Kamadevas, the one who is ultimately handsome.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Jainismworld ]
[ Indiaforum ]
[ Enyclopedia ]
[ Wikipedia Rama inJainism ]
[ Hindu ]
Sikhism: In Sikhism, Hindu god Rama has been referred to as Sri Ram Chandar, and the story of Hanuman as a siddha has been influential. After the birth of martial Sikh Khalsa movement in 1699, during the 18th and 19th century, Hanuman was an inspiration and object of reverence by the Khalsa. Some Khalsa regiments brought along Hanuman image to the battle ground. The Sikh texts such as Hanuman Natak composed by Hirda Ram Bhalla, and Das Gur Katha by Kavi Kankan describe the heroic deeds of Hanuman. According to Louis Fenech, the Sikh tradition states that Guru Gobind Singh was a fond reader of the Hanuman Natak text.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Sikhnet ]
[ Sikhiwiki/index ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Info/page ]
[ Quora ]
Southeast Asian texts: The non-Indian versions of Ramayana, such as the Thai Ramakien, mention that Hanuman had relationships with multiple women, including Svayamprabha, Benjakaya (Vibhisana's daughter), Suvannamaccha and even Ravana's wife Mandodari. According to these versions of the Ramayana, Macchanu is son of Hanuman borne by Suvannamaccha, daughter of Ravana. The Jain text Paumacariya mentions that Hanuman married Lankasundari, the daughter of Lanka's chief defender Bajramukha.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Survannmaccha ]
[ Googleid? ]
[ Google book ]
[ Googlebook? ]
[ Britanica/hanuman ]
Significance and influence : Hanuman became more important in the medieval period and came to be portrayed as the ideal devotee (bhakta) of Rama. Hanuman's life, devotion, celibacy and strength inspired wrestlers in India.
According to Philip Lutgendorf, devotionalism to Hanuman and his theological significance emerged long after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE. His prominence grew after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. He is viewed as the ideal combination of shakti ("strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence") and bhakti ("loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama"). Beyond wrestlers, he has been the patron god of other martial arts. He is stated to be a gifted grammarian, meditating yogi and diligent scholar. He exemplifies the human excellences of temperance, faith and service to a cause.
In 17th-century north and western regions of India, Hanuman emerged as an expression of resistance and dedication against Islamic persecution. For example, the bhakti poet-saint Ramdas presented Hanuman as a symbol of Marathi nationalism and resistance to Mughal Empire.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindukjaruti ]
[ Hinduwebsite ]
[ Exoticindiamart/article/hanuman ]
[ Scoopwhoop ]
[ Googlebook ]
Iconography:
Hanuman's iconography shows him either with other central characters of the Ramayana or by himself. If with Rama and Sita, he is shown to the right of Rama, as a devotee bowing or kneeling before them with a Namaste (Anjali Hasta) posture. If alone, he carries weapons such as a big Gada (mace) and thunderbolt (vajra), sometimes in a scene reminiscent of a scene from his life.
In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been common. He is typically shown with Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, near or in Vaishnavism temples, as well as by himself usually opening his chest to symbolically show images of Rama and Sita near his heart. He is also popular among the followers of Shaivism.
In north India, aniconic representation of Hanuman such as a round stone has been in use by yogi, as a means to help focus on the abstract asSpects of him.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Es.scribed/document ]
[ Documentshanuman ]
[ Wikipedia ]
[ Pinterest ]
[ Book ]
Temples and shrines: Hanuman is often worshipped along with Rama and Sita of Vaishnavism, sometimes independently. There are numerous statues to celebrate or temples to worship Hanuman all over India. In some regions, he is considered as an avatar of Shiva, the focus of Shaivism.According to a review by Lutgendorf, some scholars state that the earliest Hanuman murtis appeared in the 8th-century, but verifiable evidence of Hanuman images and inscriptions appear in the 10th century in Indian monasteries in central and north India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Workthrougfh ]
[ Tourmyindia ]
[ Tourmyindia/blog ]
[ Scoopwhoop/haunted ]
Festivals and celebrations:
Hanuman is a central character in the annual Ramlila celebrations in India, and seasonal dramatic arts in southeast Asia particularly Thailand, Bali and Java Indonesia. Ramlila is a dramatic folk re-enactment of the life of Rama according to the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana or secondary literature based on it such as the Ramcharitmanas. It particularly refers to the thousands of dramatic plays and dance events, that are staged during the annual autumn festival of Navratri in India. Hanuman is features in many parts of the folk enacted play of the legendary war between Good and Evil, with the celebrations climaxing in the Dussehra (Dasara, Vijayadashami) night festivities where the giant grotesque effigies of Evil such as of demon Ravana are burnt, typically with fireworks.
Hanuman's birthday is observed by some Hindus as Hanuman Jayanti. It falls in much of India in the traditional month of Chaitra in lunisolar Hindu calendar, which overlaps with March and April. However, in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Hanuman Jayanthi is observed in the regional Hindu month of Margazhi, which overlaps with December and January. The festive day is observed with devotees gathering at Hanuman temples before sunrise, and day long spiritual recitations and story reading about the victory of good over evil.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman ]
[ Hanumanfestival ]
[ Hanumanfestivalhome revised ]
[ Hanumanfestival/resources ]
[ Hanumanfestival cause ]
Hanuman in Southeast Asia:
Cambodia: Hanuman is a revered heroic figure in Khmer history in southeast Asia. He features predominantly in the Reamker, a Cambodian epic poem, based on the Sanskrit's Ramayana epic.Intricate carvings on the walls of Angkor Wat depict scenes from the Ramayana including those of Hanuman.
In Cambodia and many other parts of southeast Asia, mask dance and shadow theatre arts celebrate Hanuman with Ream (same as Rama of India). Hanuman is represented by a white mask.Particularly popular in southeast Asian theatre are Hanuman's accomplishments as a martial artist and as an amorous seducer of women, in interpolated plays that are missing from most versions of the Indian Ramayana.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediareamker ]
[ Hanumanwiki/org ]
[ Business ]
[ Booksgooglebooks ]
Indonesia: Hanuman is the central character in many of the historic dance and drama art works such as Wayang Wong found in Hindu communities of Bali Indonesia. These performance arts can be traced to at least the 10th century. He has been popular, along with the local versions of Ramayana in other islands of Indonesia such as Java.
In major medieval era Hindu temples, archeological sites and manuscripts discovered in Indonesian and Malay islands, Hanuman features prominently along with Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Vishvamitra and Sugriva. The most studied and detailed relief artworks are found in Candi Panataran and Prambanan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Rreamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Business ]
[ Googlebooks ]
Thailand: Hanuman has been a historic and popular character of Ramakien in Thai culture. He appears wearing a crown on his head and armor. He is depicted as an albino white, strong character with open mouth in action, sometimes shown carrying a trident. In Ramkien, Hanuman is a devoted soldier of Rama. Unlike in Indian adaptations, he is not celibate, and he is presented as a ladies man, according to Paula Richman. He meets the mermaid Suvannamaccha and the couple have a son. Hanuman plays a dominant role in the Thai version of the Ramayana epic.
Like the Indian tradition, Hanuman is the patron of martial arts and an example of courage, fortitude and excellence in Thailand.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikkipedia/org/reamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Businees ]
[ Googlebooks ]
References:
George M. Williams (2008). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2.
Jump up ^ Brian A. Hatcher (2015). Hinduism in the Modern World. Routledge. ISBN 9781135046309.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibek Debroy (2012). The Mahabharata: Volume 3. Penguin Books. pp. 184 with footnote 686. ISBN 978-0-14-310015-7.
Jump up ^ "Hanuman", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-415-93919-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wendy Doniger, Hanuman: Hindu mythology, Encyclopaedia Britannica; For a summary of the Chinese text, see Xiyouji: NOVEL BY WU CHENG’EN
^ Jump up to: a b Susan Whitfield; Ursula Sims-Williams (2004). The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith. Serindia Publications. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-932476-13-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
^ Jump up to: a b J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1310–1311. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c Catherine Ludvik (1994). Hanumān in the Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki and the Rāmacaritamānasa of Tulasī Dāsa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 2–9. ISBN 978-81-208-1122-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Paula Richman (2010), Review: Lutgendorf, Philip's Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey, The Journal of Asian Studies; Vol 69, Issue 4 (Nov 2010), pages 1287-1288.
Jayant Lele (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 90-04-06370-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–32, 116, 257–259, 388–391. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Lutgendorf, Philip (1997). "Monkey in the Middle: The Status of Hanuman in Popular Hinduism". Religion. Routledge. 27 (4): 311–332. doi:10.1006/reli.1997.0095.
Jump up ^ Lutgendorf, Philip (1994). "My Hanuman Is Bigger Than Yours". History of Religions. University of Chicago Press. 33 (3): 211–245. doi:10.1086/463367.
Jump up ^ H. S. Walker (1998), Indigenous or Foreign? A Look at the Origins of the Monkey Hero Sun Wukong, Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 81. September 1998, Editor: Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania
Jump up ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri; Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri (2005). Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography. Mittal Publications. p. 45. ISBN 978-81-8324-026-0.
Jump up ^ J.H. Maronier (2013). Pictures of the Tropics: A Catalogue of Drawings, Water-Colours, Paintings and Sculptures in the Collection of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology in Leiden. Springer. p. 127. ISBN 978-94-017-6643-2.
Jump up ^ R. V. R. Murthy (2005). Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Development and Decentralization. Mittal Publications. p. 20. ISBN 978-81-8324-049-9.
Jump up ^ Uta Gärtner (1994). Tradition and Modernity in Myanmar. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 317. ISBN 978-3-8258-2186-9.
Jump up ^ Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5.
Jump up ^ Marijke Klokke (2006). Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-979-26-2499-1.
Jump up ^ Eugenio Barba; Nicola Savarese (2011). A Dictionary of Theatre Anthropology: The Secret Art of the Performer. Taylor & Francis. pp. 77 with Fig 13. ISBN 978-1-135-17635-8.
Jump up ^ ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.८६, Rigveda, Wikisource
^ Jump up to: a b c Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 23-25
Jump up ^ Legend of Ram–Retold. PublishAmerica. pp. 56–. ISBN 978-1-4512-2350-7.
Jump up ^ Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 22-23
Jump up ^ Nanditha Krishna (1 January 2010). Sacred Animals of India. Penguin Books India. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-0-14-306619-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Camille Bulcke; Dineśvara Prasāda (2010). Rāmakathā and Other Essays. Vani Prakashan. pp. 117–126. ISBN 978-93-5000-107-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Swami Parmeshwaranand. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas, Volume 1. Sarup & Sons. pp. 411–. ISBN 978-81-7625-226-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Diana L. Eck (1991). Devotion divine, Bhakti traditions from the regions of India: studies in honour of Charlotte Vaudeville. Egbert Forsten. pp. 69, 62–67. ISBN 978-90-6980-045-5., Quote: "Giving up his Rudra form, Lord Shiva as Hanuman adopted a monkey figure, only in view of his affection for Rama."
0 notes
Text
Sri Hanuman Chalisa
Doha
Shri Guru Charan Sarooja-raj Nija manu Mukura Sudhaari
Baranau Rahubhara Bimala Yasha Jo Dayaka Phala Chari
Budhee-Heen Thanu Jannikay Sumirow Pavana Kumara
Bala-Budhee Vidya Dehoo Mohee Harahu Kalesha Vikaara
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE:
] MAHARAJ HANUMAN ]
[ Video ]
[ Vedsutra hanuman ]
[ Hanuman chalisa blogspot ]
[ Speaking tree/these ]
Chopai
Jai Hanuman gyan gun sagar
Jai Kapis tihun lok ujagar
Ram doot atulit bal dhama
Anjaani-putra Pavan sut nama
Mahabir Bikram Bajrangi
Kumati nivar sumati Ke sangi
Kanchan varan viraj subesa
Kanan Kundal Kunchit Kesha
Hath Vajra Aur Dhuvaje Viraje
Kaandhe moonj janehu sajaiSankar suvan kesri Nandan
Tej prataap maha jag vandan
Vidyavaan guni ati chatur
Ram kaj karibe ko aatur
Prabu charitra sunibe-ko rasiya
Ram Lakhan Sita man Basiya
Sukshma roop dhari Siyahi dikhava
Vikat roop dhari lank jarava
Bhima roop dhari asur sanghare
Ramachandra ke kaj sanvare
Laye Sanjivan Lakhan Jiyaye
Shri Raghuvir Harashi ur laye
Raghupati Kinhi bahut badai
Tum mam priye Bharat-hi-sam bhai
Sahas badan tumharo yash gaave
Asa-kahi Shripati kanth lagaave
Sankadhik Brahmaadi Muneesa
Narad-Sarad sahit Aheesa
Yam Kuber Digpaal Jahan teav
i kovid kahi sake kahan te
Tum upkar Sugreevahin keenha
Ram milaye rajpad deenha
Tumharo mantra Vibheeshan maana
Lankeshwar Bhaye Sub jag jana
Yug sahastra jojan par Bhanu
Leelyo tahi madhur phal janu
Prabhu mudrika meli mukh mahee
Jaladhi langhi gaye achraj nahee
Durgaam kaj jagath ke jete
Sugam anugraha tumhre tete
Ram dwaare tum rakhvare
Hoat na agya binu paisare
Sub sukh lahae tumhari sar na
Tum rakshak kahu ko dar naa
Aapan tej samharo aapai
Teenhon lok hank te kanpai
Bhoot pisaach Nikat nahin aavai
Mahavir jab naam sunavae
Nase rog harae sab peera
Japat nirantar Hanumant beera
Sankat se Hanuman chudavae
Man Karam Vachan dyan jo lavai
Sab par Ram tapasvee raja
Tin ke kaj sakal Tum saja
Aur manorath jo koi lavai
Sohi amit jeevan phal pavai
Charon Yug partap tumhara
Hai persidh jagat ujiyara
Sadhu Sant ke tum Rakhware
Asur nikandan Ram dulhare
Ashta-sidhi nav nidhi ke dhata
As-var deen Janki mata
Ram rasayan tumhare pasa
Sada raho Raghupati ke dasa
Tumhare bhajan Ram ko pavai
Janam-janam ke dukh bisraavai
Anth-kaal Raghuvir pur jayee
Jahan janam Hari-Bakht Kahayee
Aur Devta Chit na dharehi
Hanumanth se hi sarve sukh karehi
Sankat kate-mite sab peera
Jo sumirai Hanumat Balbeera
Jai Jai Jai Hanuman Gosahin
Kripa Karahu Gurudev ki nyahin
Jo sat bar path kare kohi
Chutehi bandhi maha sukh hohi
Jo yah padhe Hanuman Chalisa
Hoye siddhi sakhi Gaureesa
Tulsidas sada hari chera
Keejai Nath Hridaye mein dera
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindiastroyogi ]
[ Watchyoutubev=ulf2bj ]
[ Watchyoutubev=nr18coa ]
[ Raagtunes ]
[ Khabarindiatv ]
Doha
Pavan Tanay Sankat Harana
Mangala Murati Roop
Ram Lakhana Sita Sahita
Hriday Basahu Soor Bhoop
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maharaj Hanuman ]
[ Watchyoutubev=cblgjbeq ]
[ VedsutraHnuman chalisa ]
[ Hanuman chalisa bhajan ]
[ Speaking tree ].
Meaning: The Hanuman Chalisa (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː]; literally Forty chaupais on Hanuman) is a Hindu devotional hymn (stotra) addressed to Hanuman. ... Hanuman is a vanara (a monkey-like humanoid), a devotee of Ram, and one of the central characters in the Indian epic poem, the Ramayan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman ]
[ Speaking tree /blog meaning ]
[ The indianmythology ]
[ Watch youtubev=gjoe5gq ]
[ Hindiremedy/Hanuman ]
Who was Lord Hanuman?
Hanuman participated in Rama's war against the demon king Ravana. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. He is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Pawan, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
Hanuman ,(Sanskrit: हनुमान्) is an ardent devotee of Lord Rama and one of the central characters in the various versions of the epic Ramayana found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. As one of the Chiranjivi, he is also mentioned in several other texts, such as the Mahabharata the various Puranas and some Jain, Buddhist, and Sikh texts. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. Hanuman is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
His theological origins in Hinduism are unclear. Alternate theories include him having ancient roots, being a non-Aryan deity who was Sanskritized by the Vedic Aryans, or that he is a fusion deity who emerged in literary works from folk Yaksha protector deities and theological symbolism.
While Hanuman is one of the central characters in the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, the evidence of devotional worship to him is missing in the texts and archeological sites of ancient and most of the medieval period. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist known for his studies on Hanuman, the theological significance and devotional dedication to Hanuman emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas expressed Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been increasingly common. He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti. In later literature, he has been the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling, acrobatics, as well as meditation and diligent scholarship. He symbolizes the human excellences of inner self-control, faith and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like a monkey.
Besides being a popular deity in Hinduism, Hanuman is also found in Jainism and Buddhism. He is also a legendary character in legends and arts found outside Indian subcontinent such as in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia and Bali Indonesia. Outside India, Hanuman shares many characteristics with the Hindu versions in India, but differs in others. He is heroic, brave and steadfastly chaste, much like in the Sanskrit tradition, but not celibate. He marries and has children in other cultures, as is the case in a few regional versions in India. Hanuman is stated by scholars to be the inspiration for the allegory-filled adventures of a monkey hero in the Xiyouji (Journey to the West) – the great Chinese poetic novel influenced by the travels of Buddhist monk Xuanzang (602–664 CE) to India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman/org/wiki ]
[ Scoop whoop/inotheernew ]
[ Kasgar/god ]
[ Quora/how ]
[ Askgnesha/stories/hanuman/asp ]
Historical development:
Vedic roots:The earliest mention of a divine monkey, interpreted by some scholars as the proto-Hanuman, is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 1500 and 1200 BCE. The twenty three verses of the hymn is a metaphor and riddle filled legend. It is presented as a dialogue between multiple characters: god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Vrisakapi and his wife Kapi. The hymn opens with Indrani complaining to Indra that some of the soma offerings for Indra have been assigned to the energetic and strong monkey, and the people are forgetting Indra. The king of gods Indra responds by stating to his wife that the living being (monkey) that bothers her is to be seen as a friend, and that they should make an effort to be together in peace. The hymn closes with all agreeing that they should come together in Indra's house and share the wealth of offerings.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hnaman org /Hanuman ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa vednotesaspx ]
[ Astrojyoti Sankat mochan ]
[ Astrojyoti ]
This hymn, which includes an explicit discussion of sex and differences between species, has been interpreted in a number of ways by contemporary scholars. R.N. Dandekar states that it may metaphorically refer to another fertility god, while Wendy Doniger compares it to horse sacrifice. Stephanie Jamison states that the hymn mentions a bull-monkey, a euphemism for a horse and fertility ritual, very different from later era Hanuman. According to Philip Lutgendorf, there is "no convincing evidence for a monkey-worshipping cult in ancient India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maahiastro/abhi/Hanuman vedsutra ]
[ Astrojyoti/Sankatmochan ]
[ Atrojyoti ]
Tamil roots: The orientalist F. E. Pargiter (1852-1927) theorized that Hanuman was a proto-Dravidian deity. According to this theory, the name "Hanuman" derives from the Tamil word for male monkey (ana-mandi), first transformed to "Anumant" – a name which remains in use. "Anumant", according to this hypothesis, was later Sanskritized to "Hanuman" because the ancient Aryans confronted with a popular monkey deity of ancient Dravidians coopted the concept and then Sanskritized it. According to Murray Emeneau, known for his Tamil linguistic studies, this theory does not make sense because the Old Tamil word mandi in Caṅkam literature can only mean "female monkey", and Hanuman is male. Further, adds Emeneau, the compound ana-mandi makes no semantic sense in Tamil, which has well developed and sophisticated grammar and semantic rules. The "prominent jaw" etymology, according to Emeneau, is therefore plausible.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyourtubev=oferj;jz ]
[ Watchyoutubev=wqivcxoez8 ]
[ Saavn/tamilshri/Hanuman ]
[ Imgur/xjk5leb ]
[ Pinterest/pin/29097842598892092 ]
Epics and Puranas: Hanuman is mentioned in both the Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. A twentieth-century Jesuit missionary Camille Bulcke, in his Ramkatha: Utpatti Aur Vikas ("The tale of Rama: its origin and development"), proposed that Hanuman worship had its basis in the cults of aboriginal tribes of Central India.
Hanuman is mentioned in the Puranas. A medieval legend posited Hanuman as an avatar of the god Shiva by the 10th century CE (this development possibly started as early as in the 8th century CE). Hanuman is mentioned as an avatar of Shiva or Rudra in the medieval era Sanskrit texts like the Mahabhagvata Purana, the Skanda Purana, the Brhaddharma Purana and the Mahanataka among others. This development might have been a result of the Shavite attempts to insert their ishta devata (cherished deity) in the Vaishnavite texts.
Other mythologies, such as those found in South India, present Hanuman as a being who is the union of Shiva and Vishnu, or associated with the origin of Ayyappa. The 17th century Odia work Rasavinoda by Dinakrishnadasa goes on to mention that the three gods – Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva – combined to take to the form of Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyoutubev=f3wbngiamkc ]
[ Pinterest/pin/214554369718103316 ]
[ Pinerest/pin/31729273622422297 ]
[ Facebook/events/102949966704952 ]
[ Pinterest/rashmi112lord ]
Late medieval and modern era: In Valmiki's Ramayana, estimated to have been composed before or in about the 3rd century BCE, Hanuman is an important, creative character as a simian helper and messenger for Rama. The character evolved over time, reflecting regional cultural values. It is, however, in the late medieval era that his profile evolves into more central role and dominance as the exemplary spiritual devotee, particularly with the popular vernacular text Ramcharitmanas by Tulasidas . According to scholars such as Patrick Peebles and others, during a period of religious turmoil and Islamic rule of the Indian subcontinent, the Bhakti movement and devotionalism-oriented Bhakti yoga had emerged as a major trend in Hindu culture by the 16th-century, and the Ramcharitmanas presented Rama as a Vishnu avatar, supreme being and a personal god worthy of devotion, with Hanuman as the ideal loving devotee with legendary courage, strength and powers.
Hanuman evolved and emerged in this era as the ideal combination of shakti and bhakti. Stories and folk traditions in and after the 17th century, began to reformulate and present Hanuman as a divine being, as a descendent of deities, and as an avatar of Shiva. He emerged as a champion of those religiously persecuted, expressing resistance, a yogi, an inspiration for martial artists and warriors, character with less fur and increasingly human symbolizing cherished virtues and internal values worthy of devotion in his own right. Hindu monks morphed into soldiers, and they named their organizations after Hanuman.This evolution of Hanuman's character, religious and cultural role as well as his iconography continued through the colonial era and in post-colonial times.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Devdutt/articles/applied/queer ]
[ Columbia/its/mealac/prichett ]
[ Wikivisually/wiki/hanuman ]
[ exoticidiart/Mahavir ]
[ Ncbi/nih/ ]
Birth: In Indian mythology, Hanuman was born to Anjana and father Kesari.Hanuman is also called the son of the deity Vayu (Wind god, himself the son of Vishnu) because of legends associated with Vayu's role in Hanuman's birth. One story mentioned in Eknath's Bhavartha Ramayana (16th century CE) states that when Anjana was worshiping Shiva, the King Dasharatha of Ayodhya was also performing the ritual of Putrakama yagna in order to have children. As a result, he received some sacred pudding (payasam) to be shared by his three wives, leading to the births of Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. By divine ordinance, a kite snatched a fragment of that pudding and dropped it while flying over the forest where Anjana was engaged in worship. Vayu, the Hindu deity of the wind, delivered the falling pudding to the outstretched hands of Anjana, who consumed it. Hanuman was born to her as a result.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Quora/what ]
[ Speaking tree/alsiides/birth ]
[ Site google/site/hanumanstale ]
[ Apnisanskriti ]
[ Scoopwhoopinothernews ]
Childhood: According to Valmiki's Ramayana, one morning in his childhood, Hanuman was hungry and saw the rising red colored sun. Mistaking it for a ripe fruit, he leapt up to eat it. In one version of the Hindu legend, the king of gods Indra intervened and struck his thunderbolt. It hit Hanuman on his jaw, and he fell to the earth unconscious with a broken jaw. His father, Vayu (air), states Ramayana in section 4.65, became upset and withdrew. The lack of air created immense suffering to all living beings. This led Prajapati, the god of life, to intervene and resuscitate Hanuman, which in turn prompted Vayu to return to the living beings.
In another Hindu version of his childhood legend, which Lutgendorf states is likely older and also found in Jain texts such as the 8th-century Dhurtakhyana, after Hanuman's Icarus like leap for the sun, it proves to be fatal and he is burnt to ashes from sun's heat. His ashes fall onto the earth and oceans.Gods then gather the ashes and his bones from land and, with the help of fishes, from the water and re-assemble him. They find everything except one fragment of his jaw bone. His great grandfather on his mother's side then asks Surya to restore the child to life. Surya returns him to life, but Hanuman is left with a disfigured jaw.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ kinsgen/fable and fairytale ]
[ Sanatansocietyorg/indians ]
[ Balagokulam/kids/stories ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lords ]
[ Cybestro/articles/lord ]
Attributes:
Chiranjivi (immortal): various versions of Ramayana and Rama Katha state towards their end, just before Rama and Lakshmana die, that Hanuman is blessed to be immortal. He will be a part of humanity forever, while the story of Rama lives on.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediaorg/chiranjvi ]
[ Quora/who ]
[ Hinduism/question ]
[ Speaking tree/.asllides/hanuman ]
[ Speakingtree /lord ]
Kurūp and Sundar: he is described in Hindu texts as kurūp (ugly) on the outside, but divinely sundar (beautiful inside).
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Google/book/isbn=9352784251 ]
[ Youtubev=y;n5wbj6umm ]
[ Google books ]
[ Watchyoutubev=xodlbrssh ]
[ Wikipedia/wiki/sundrakanda ]
Kama-rupin: He can shape shift, become smaller than the smallest, larger than the largest adversary at will. He uses this attribute to shrink and enter Lanka, as he searches for the kidnapped Sita imprisoned in Lanka. Later on, he takes on the size of a mountain, blazing with radiance, to show his true power to Sita.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia/hanuman ]
[ Kasgar ]
[ Drmichaelamas/god ]
[ Busindia ]
[ Accollegemendara ]
Strength: Hanuman is extraordinarily strong, one capable of lifting and carrying any burden for a cause. He is called Vira, Mahavira, Mahabala and other names signifying this attribute of his. During the epic war between Rama and Ravana, Rama's brother Lakshmana is wounded. He can only be healed and his death prevented by a herb found in a particular Himalayan mountain. Hanuman leaps and finds the mountain. There, states Ramayana, Hanuman finds the mountain is full of many herbs. He doesn't know which one to take. So, he lifts the entire Himalayan mountain and carries it across India to Lanka for Lakshmana. His immense strength thus helps Lakshmana recover from his wound. This legend is the popular basis for the iconography where he is shown flying and carrying a mountain on his palm.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord/intersesting ]
[ Wikipedia/wik/hanuman ]
[ Dollsofindia/libary ]
[ Ankurlearningsolution ]
Innovative: Hanuman is described as someone who constantly faces very difficult odds, where the adversary or circumstances threaten his mission with certain defeat and his very existence. Yet he finds an innovative way to turn the odds. For example, after he finds Sita, delivers Rama's message, and persuades her that he is indeed Rama's true messenger, he is discovered by the prison guards. They arrest Hanuman, and under Ravana's orders take him to a public execution. There, the Ravana's guards begin his torture, tie his tail with oiled cloth and put it on fire. Hanuman then leaps, jumps from one palace rooftop to another, thus burning everything down.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Indiamarthanuman printer ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Google book?isbn=8184247613 ]
[ Googlebook?isbn=9384225762 ]
[ Allabuotoutdoor/news ]
Bhakti: Hanuman is presented as the exemplary devotee (bhakta) of Rama and Sita. The Hindu texts such as the Bhagavata Purana, the Bhakta Mala, the Ananda Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas present him as someone who is talented, strong, brave and spiritually devoted to Rama. The Rama stories such as the Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas, in turn themselves, present the Hindu dharmic concept of the ideal, virtuous and compassionate man (Rama) and woman (Sita) thereby providing the context for attributes assigned therein for Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Youtubev=d7gj0z6ib7e ]
[ Youtubev=aetfvqonfv8 ]
[ Youtubev=y180b9qilml ]
[ Youtubev=xpnhiseop ]
[ Bhaktigaane ]
Learned Yogi: In the late medieval texts and thereafter, such as those by Tulasidas, attributes of Hanuman include learned in Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism, the Vedas, a poet, a polymath, a grammarian, a singer and musician par excellence.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanumanwiki ]
[ Exoticidimart/hanuman ]
[ Gaia/article/hanuman ]
[ dlsq/religious ]
[ Google ]
Ramayana: The Sundara Kanda, the fifth book in the Ramayana, focuses on Hanuman. Hanuman meets Rama in the last year the latter's 14-year exile, after the demon king Ravana had kidnapped Sita. With his brother Lakshmana, Rama is searching for his wife Sita. This, and related Rama legends are the most extensive stories about Hanuman.
Numerous versions of the Ramayana exist within India. These present variant legends of Hanuman, Rama, Sita, Lakshamana and Ravana. The characters and their descriptions vary, in some cases quite significantly.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman/blog ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Amazon/hanuman ]
[ Hinduismstackexhange ]
[ Youtube ]
Mahabharata: The Mahabharata is another major epic which has a short mention of Hanuman. In Book 3, the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata, he is presented as a half brother of Bhima, who meets him accidentally on his way to Mount Kailasha. A man of extraordinary strength, Bhima is unable to move Hanuman's tail, making him realize and acknowledge the strength of Hanuman. This story attests to the ancient chronology of the Hanuman character. It is also a part of artwork and reliefs such as those at the Vijayanagara ruins.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Speaking tree/mysterious ]
[ Boldsky ]
[ Quora ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Youtubev=kmh ]
Other literature: Apart from Ramayana and Mahabharata, Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts. Some of these stories add to his adventures mentioned in the earlier epics, while others tell alternative stories of his life. The Skanda Purana mentions Hanuman in Rameswaram.
In a South Indian version of Shiva Purana, Hanuman is described as the son of Shiva and Mohini (the female avatar of Vishnu), or alternatively his mythology has been linked to or merged with the origin of Swami Ayyappa who is popular in parts of South India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Radhaswami/video ]
[ Purebhakti ]
[ Radhaswami net/09:009 ]
[ Youtube ]
[Watch youtube ]
Buddhism: Hanuman appears with a Buddhist gloss in Tibetan (southwest China) and Khotanese (west China, central Asia and northern Iran) versions of Ramayana. The Khotanese versions have a Jataka tales like theme, but are generally similar to the Hindu texts in the story line and in the character of Hanuman. The Tibetan version is more embellished, and without attempts to put a Jataka gloss. Further, in Tibetan version, novel elements appear such as where Hanuman carries love letters between Rama and Sita in addition to the Hindu version where Rama sends with him the wedding ring as a message to Sita. Further, in Tibetan version, Rama chides Hanuman for not corresponding with him through letters more often implying that the monkey-messenger and warrior is a learned being who can read and write letters.
In Sri Lankan version of Ramayana, which are titled after Ravana, the story is less melodramatic than the Indian versions. Many of the bravery and innovativeness legends relating to Hanuman are found in Sinhala versions, the characters have Buddhist themes, and lack the embedded ethics and values structure according to Hindu dharma. According to Hera Walker, some Sinhalese communities seek the aid of Hanuman through prayers to his mother. In Chinese Buddhist texts, states Arthur Cotterall, myths mention meeting of the Buddha with Hanuman, as well as Hanuman's great triumphs. According to Rosalind Lefeber, the arrival of Hanuman in East Asian Buddhist text may trace its roots to the translation of Ramayana into Chinese and Tibetan in 6th-century CE.
In both China and Japan, according to Lutgendorf, much like India there is a lack of a radical divide between humans and animals, with all living beings and nature assumed to be related to humans. There is no exaltation of humans over animals or nature, unlike the Western traditions. Divine monkey has been a part of the historic literature and culture of China and Japan, possibly influenced by the close cultural contact through Buddhist monks and pilgrimage to India over two millennia. For example, the Japanese text Keiranshuyoshu, while presenting its mythology about divine monkey, that is the theriomorphic Shinto emblem of Hie shrines, describes a flying white monkey that carries a mountain from India to China, then from China to Japan. Many Japanese shrines and village boundaries, dated to be from 8th to 14th centuries, feature monkey deity as guardians or intermediaries between the humans and the gods.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Buddhagarden ]
[ Wikihanuman ]
[ Dharmawheel ]
[ Easternspriuallty ]
[ Britanica ]
Jainism: Main articles: Rama in Jainism and Salakapurusa
Paumacariya (also known as Pauma Chariu or Padmacharit), the Jain version of Ramayana written by Vimalasuri, mentions Hanuman not as a divine monkey, but as a Vidyadhara (a supernatural being, demigod in Jain cosmology). He is the son of Pavangati (wind deity) and Anjana Sundari. Anjana gives birth to Hanuman in a forest cave, after being banished by her in-laws. Her maternal uncle rescues her from the forest; while boarding his vimana, Anjana accidentally drops her baby on a rock. However, the baby remains uninjured while the rock is shattered. The baby is raised in Hanuruha, his great uncle's island kingdom, from which Hanuman gets his name. Hanuman's strength is not his own achievement, but attributed to his mother's asceticism. In Jain texts, Hanuman is depicted as the 17th of 24 Kamadevas, the one who is ultimately handsome.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Jainismworld ]
[ Indiaforum ]
[ Enyclopedia ]
[ Wikipedia Rama inJainism ]
[ Hindu ]
Sikhism: In Sikhism, Hindu god Rama has been referred to as Sri Ram Chandar, and the story of Hanuman as a siddha has been influential. After the birth of martial Sikh Khalsa movement in 1699, during the 18th and 19th century, Hanuman was an inspiration and object of reverence by the Khalsa. Some Khalsa regiments brought along Hanuman image to the battle ground. The Sikh texts such as Hanuman Natak composed by Hirda Ram Bhalla, and Das Gur Katha by Kavi Kankan describe the heroic deeds of Hanuman. According to Louis Fenech, the Sikh tradition states that Guru Gobind Singh was a fond reader of the Hanuman Natak text.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Sikhnet ]
[ Sikhiwiki/index ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Info/page ]
[ Quora ]
Southeast Asian texts: The non-Indian versions of Ramayana, such as the Thai Ramakien, mention that Hanuman had relationships with multiple women, including Svayamprabha, Benjakaya (Vibhisana's daughter), Suvannamaccha and even Ravana's wife Mandodari. According to these versions of the Ramayana, Macchanu is son of Hanuman borne by Suvannamaccha, daughter of Ravana. The Jain text Paumacariya mentions that Hanuman married Lankasundari, the daughter of Lanka's chief defender Bajramukha.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Survannmaccha ]
[ Googleid? ]
[ Google book ]
[ Googlebook? ]
[ Britanica/hanuman ]
Significance and influence : Hanuman became more important in the medieval period and came to be portrayed as the ideal devotee (bhakta) of Rama. Hanuman's life, devotion, celibacy and strength inspired wrestlers in India.
According to Philip Lutgendorf, devotionalism to Hanuman and his theological significance emerged long after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE. His prominence grew after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. He is viewed as the ideal combination of shakti ("strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence") and bhakti ("loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama"). Beyond wrestlers, he has been the patron god of other martial arts. He is stated to be a gifted grammarian, meditating yogi and diligent scholar. He exemplifies the human excellences of temperance, faith and service to a cause.
In 17th-century north and western regions of India, Hanuman emerged as an expression of resistance and dedication against Islamic persecution. For example, the bhakti poet-saint Ramdas presented Hanuman as a symbol of Marathi nationalism and resistance to Mughal Empire.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindukjaruti ]
[ Hinduwebsite ]
[ Exoticindiamart/article/hanuman ]
[ Scoopwhoop ]
[ Googlebook ]
Iconography:
Hanuman's iconography shows him either with other central characters of the Ramayana or by himself. If with Rama and Sita, he is shown to the right of Rama, as a devotee bowing or kneeling before them with a Namaste (Anjali Hasta) posture. If alone, he carries weapons such as a big Gada (mace) and thunderbolt (vajra), sometimes in a scene reminiscent of a scene from his life.
In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been common. He is typically shown with Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, near or in Vaishnavism temples, as well as by himself usually opening his chest to symbolically show images of Rama and Sita near his heart. He is also popular among the followers of Shaivism.
In north India, aniconic representation of Hanuman such as a round stone has been in use by yogi, as a means to help focus on the abstract asSpects of him.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Es.scribed/document ]
[ Documentshanuman ]
[ Wikipedia ]
[ Pinterest ]
[ Book ]
Temples and shrines: Hanuman is often worshipped along with Rama and Sita of Vaishnavism, sometimes independently. There are numerous statues to celebrate or temples to worship Hanuman all over India. In some regions, he is considered as an avatar of Shiva, the focus of Shaivism.According to a review by Lutgendorf, some scholars state that the earliest Hanuman murtis appeared in the 8th-century, but verifiable evidence of Hanuman images and inscriptions appear in the 10th century in Indian monasteries in central and north India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Workthrougfh ]
[ Tourmyindia ]
[ Tourmyindia/blog ]
[ Scoopwhoop/haunted ]
Festivals and celebrations:
Hanuman is a central character in the annual Ramlila celebrations in India, and seasonal dramatic arts in southeast Asia particularly Thailand, Bali and Java Indonesia. Ramlila is a dramatic folk re-enactment of the life of Rama according to the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana or secondary literature based on it such as the Ramcharitmanas. It particularly refers to the thousands of dramatic plays and dance events, that are staged during the annual autumn festival of Navratri in India. Hanuman is features in many parts of the folk enacted play of the legendary war between Good and Evil, with the celebrations climaxing in the Dussehra (Dasara, Vijayadashami) night festivities where the giant grotesque effigies of Evil such as of demon Ravana are burnt, typically with fireworks.
Hanuman's birthday is observed by some Hindus as Hanuman Jayanti. It falls in much of India in the traditional month of Chaitra in lunisolar Hindu calendar, which overlaps with March and April. However, in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Hanuman Jayanthi is observed in the regional Hindu month of Margazhi, which overlaps with December and January. The festive day is observed with devotees gathering at Hanuman temples before sunrise, and day long spiritual recitations and story reading about the victory of good over evil.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman ]
[ Hanumanfestival ]
[ Hanumanfestivalhome revised ]
[ Hanumanfestival/resources ]
[ Hanumanfestival cause ]
Hanuman in Southeast Asia:
Cambodia: Hanuman is a revered heroic figure in Khmer history in southeast Asia. He features predominantly in the Reamker, a Cambodian epic poem, based on the Sanskrit's Ramayana epic.Intricate carvings on the walls of Angkor Wat depict scenes from the Ramayana including those of Hanuman.
In Cambodia and many other parts of southeast Asia, mask dance and shadow theatre arts celebrate Hanuman with Ream (same as Rama of India). Hanuman is represented by a white mask.Particularly popular in southeast Asian theatre are Hanuman's accomplishments as a martial artist and as an amorous seducer of women, in interpolated plays that are missing from most versions of the Indian Ramayana.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediareamker ]
[ Hanumanwiki/org ]
[ Business ]
[ Booksgooglebooks ]
Indonesia: Hanuman is the central character in many of the historic dance and drama art works such as Wayang Wong found in Hindu communities of Bali Indonesia. These performance arts can be traced to at least the 10th century. He has been popular, along with the local versions of Ramayana in other islands of Indonesia such as Java.
In major medieval era Hindu temples, archeological sites and manuscripts discovered in Indonesian and Malay islands, Hanuman features prominently along with Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Vishvamitra and Sugriva. The most studied and detailed relief artworks are found in Candi Panataran and Prambanan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Rreamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Business ]
[ Googlebooks ]
Thailand: Hanuman has been a historic and popular character of Ramakien in Thai culture. He appears wearing a crown on his head and armor. He is depicted as an albino white, strong character with open mouth in action, sometimes shown carrying a trident. In Ramkien, Hanuman is a devoted soldier of Rama. Unlike in Indian adaptations, he is not celibate, and he is presented as a ladies man, according to Paula Richman. He meets the mermaid Suvannamaccha and the couple have a son. Hanuman plays a dominant role in the Thai version of the Ramayana epic.
Like the Indian tradition, Hanuman is the patron of martial arts and an example of courage, fortitude and excellence in Thailand.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikkipedia/org/reamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Businees ]
[ Googlebooks ]
References:
George M. Williams (2008). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2.
Jump up ^ Brian A. Hatcher (2015). Hinduism in the Modern World. Routledge. ISBN 9781135046309.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibek Debroy (2012). The Mahabharata: Volume 3. Penguin Books. pp. 184 with footnote 686. ISBN 978-0-14-310015-7.
Jump up ^ "Hanuman", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-415-93919-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wendy Doniger, Hanuman: Hindu mythology, Encyclopaedia Britannica; For a summary of the Chinese text, see Xiyouji: NOVEL BY WU CHENG’EN
^ Jump up to: a b Susan Whitfield; Ursula Sims-Williams (2004). The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith. Serindia Publications. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-932476-13-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
^ Jump up to: a b J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1310–1311. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c Catherine Ludvik (1994). Hanumān in the Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki and the Rāmacaritamānasa of Tulasī Dāsa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 2–9. ISBN 978-81-208-1122-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Paula Richman (2010), Review: Lutgendorf, Philip's Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey, The Journal of Asian Studies; Vol 69, Issue 4 (Nov 2010), pages 1287-1288.
Jayant Lele (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 90-04-06370-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–32, 116, 257–259, 388–391. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Lutgendorf, Philip (1997). "Monkey in the Middle: The Status of Hanuman in Popular Hinduism". Religion. Routledge. 27 (4): 311–332. doi:10.1006/reli.1997.0095.
Jump up ^ Lutgendorf, Philip (1994). "My Hanuman Is Bigger Than Yours". History of Religions. University of Chicago Press. 33 (3): 211–245. doi:10.1086/463367.
Jump up ^ H. S. Walker (1998), Indigenous or Foreign? A Look at the Origins of the Monkey Hero Sun Wukong, Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 81. September 1998, Editor: Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania
Jump up ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri; Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri (2005). Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography. Mittal Publications. p. 45. ISBN 978-81-8324-026-0.
Jump up ^ J.H. Maronier (2013). Pictures of the Tropics: A Catalogue of Drawings, Water-Colours, Paintings and Sculptures in the Collection of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology in Leiden. Springer. p. 127. ISBN 978-94-017-6643-2.
Jump up ^ R. V. R. Murthy (2005). Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Development and Decentralization. Mittal Publications. p. 20. ISBN 978-81-8324-049-9.
Jump up ^ Uta Gärtner (1994). Tradition and Modernity in Myanmar. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 317. ISBN 978-3-8258-2186-9.
Jump up ^ Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5.
Jump up ^ Marijke Klokke (2006). Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-979-26-2499-1.
Jump up ^ Eugenio Barba; Nicola Savarese (2011). A Dictionary of Theatre Anthropology: The Secret Art of the Performer. Taylor & Francis. pp. 77 with Fig 13. ISBN 978-1-135-17635-8.
Jump up ^ ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.८६, Rigveda, Wikisource
^ Jump up to: a b c Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 23-25
Jump up ^ Legend of Ram–Retold. PublishAmerica. pp. 56–. ISBN 978-1-4512-2350-7.
Jump up ^ Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 22-23
Jump up ^ Nanditha Krishna (1 January 2010). Sacred Animals of India. Penguin Books India. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-0-14-306619-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Camille Bulcke; Dineśvara Prasāda (2010). Rāmakathā and Other Essays. Vani Prakashan. pp. 117–126. ISBN 978-93-5000-107-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Swami Parmeshwaranand. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas, Volume 1. Sarup & Sons. pp. 411–. ISBN 978-81-7625-226-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Diana L. Eck (1991). Devotion divine, Bhakti traditions from the regions of India: studies in honour of Charlotte Vaudeville. Egbert Forsten. pp. 69, 62–67. ISBN 978-90-6980-045-5., Quote: "Giving up his Rudra form, Lord Shiva as Hanuman adopted a monkey figure, only in view of his affection for Rama."
0 notes
Text
Sri Hanuman Chalisa
Doha
Shri Guru Charan Sarooja-raj Nija manu Mukura Sudhaari
Baranau Rahubhara Bimala Yasha Jo Dayaka Phala Chari
Budhee-Heen Thanu Jannikay Sumirow Pavana Kumara
Bala-Budhee Vidya Dehoo Mohee Harahu Kalesha Vikaara
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE:
] MAHARAJ HANUMAN ]
[ Video ]
[ Vedsutra hanuman ]
[ Hanuman chalisa blogspot ]
[ Speaking tree/these ]
Chopai
Jai Hanuman gyan gun sagar
Jai Kapis tihun lok ujagar
Ram doot atulit bal dhama
Anjaani-putra Pavan sut nama
Mahabir Bikram Bajrangi
Kumati nivar sumati Ke sangi
Kanchan varan viraj subesa
Kanan Kundal Kunchit Kesha
Hath Vajra Aur Dhuvaje Viraje
Kaandhe moonj janehu sajaiSankar suvan kesri Nandan
Tej prataap maha jag vandan
Vidyavaan guni ati chatur
Ram kaj karibe ko aatur
Prabu charitra sunibe-ko rasiya
Ram Lakhan Sita man Basiya
Sukshma roop dhari Siyahi dikhava
Vikat roop dhari lank jarava
Bhima roop dhari asur sanghare
Ramachandra ke kaj sanvare
Laye Sanjivan Lakhan Jiyaye
Shri Raghuvir Harashi ur laye
Raghupati Kinhi bahut badai
Tum mam priye Bharat-hi-sam bhai
Sahas badan tumharo yash gaave
Asa-kahi Shripati kanth lagaave
Sankadhik Brahmaadi Muneesa
Narad-Sarad sahit Aheesa
Yam Kuber Digpaal Jahan teav
i kovid kahi sake kahan te
Tum upkar Sugreevahin keenha
Ram milaye rajpad deenha
Tumharo mantra Vibheeshan maana
Lankeshwar Bhaye Sub jag jana
Yug sahastra jojan par Bhanu
Leelyo tahi madhur phal janu
Prabhu mudrika meli mukh mahee
Jaladhi langhi gaye achraj nahee
Durgaam kaj jagath ke jete
Sugam anugraha tumhre tete
Ram dwaare tum rakhvare
Hoat na agya binu paisare
Sub sukh lahae tumhari sar na
Tum rakshak kahu ko dar naa
Aapan tej samharo aapai
Teenhon lok hank te kanpai
Bhoot pisaach Nikat nahin aavai
Mahavir jab naam sunavae
Nase rog harae sab peera
Japat nirantar Hanumant beera
Sankat se Hanuman chudavae
Man Karam Vachan dyan jo lavai
Sab par Ram tapasvee raja
Tin ke kaj sakal Tum saja
Aur manorath jo koi lavai
Sohi amit jeevan phal pavai
Charon Yug partap tumhara
Hai persidh jagat ujiyara
Sadhu Sant ke tum Rakhware
Asur nikandan Ram dulhare
Ashta-sidhi nav nidhi ke dhata
As-var deen Janki mata
Ram rasayan tumhare pasa
Sada raho Raghupati ke dasa
Tumhare bhajan Ram ko pavai
Janam-janam ke dukh bisraavai
Anth-kaal Raghuvir pur jayee
Jahan janam Hari-Bakht Kahayee
Aur Devta Chit na dharehi
Hanumanth se hi sarve sukh karehi
Sankat kate-mite sab peera
Jo sumirai Hanumat Balbeera
Jai Jai Jai Hanuman Gosahin
Kripa Karahu Gurudev ki nyahin
Jo sat bar path kare kohi
Chutehi bandhi maha sukh hohi
Jo yah padhe Hanuman Chalisa
Hoye siddhi sakhi Gaureesa
Tulsidas sada hari chera
Keejai Nath Hridaye mein dera
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindiastroyogi ]
[ Watchyoutubev=ulf2bj ]
[ Watchyoutubev=nr18coa ]
[ Raagtunes ]
[ Khabarindiatv ]
Doha
Pavan Tanay Sankat Harana
Mangala Murati Roop
Ram Lakhana Sita Sahita
Hriday Basahu Soor Bhoop
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maharaj Hanuman ]
[ Watchyoutubev=cblgjbeq ]
[ VedsutraHnuman chalisa ]
[ Hanuman chalisa bhajan ]
[ Speaking tree ].
Meaning: The Hanuman Chalisa (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː]; literally Forty chaupais on Hanuman) is a Hindu devotional hymn (stotra) addressed to Hanuman. ... Hanuman is a vanara (a monkey-like humanoid), a devotee of Ram, and one of the central characters in the Indian epic poem, the Ramayan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman ]
[ Speaking tree /blog meaning ]
[ The indianmythology ]
[ Watch youtubev=gjoe5gq ]
[ Hindiremedy/Hanuman ]
Who was Lord Hanuman?
Hanuman participated in Rama's war against the demon king Ravana. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. He is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Pawan, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
Hanuman ,(Sanskrit: हनुमान्) is an ardent devotee of Lord Rama and one of the central characters in the various versions of the epic Ramayana found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. As one of the Chiranjivi, he is also mentioned in several other texts, such as the Mahabharata the various Puranas and some Jain, Buddhist, and Sikh texts. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. Hanuman is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
His theological origins in Hinduism are unclear. Alternate theories include him having ancient roots, being a non-Aryan deity who was Sanskritized by the Vedic Aryans, or that he is a fusion deity who emerged in literary works from folk Yaksha protector deities and theological symbolism.
While Hanuman is one of the central characters in the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, the evidence of devotional worship to him is missing in the texts and archeological sites of ancient and most of the medieval period. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist known for his studies on Hanuman, the theological significance and devotional dedication to Hanuman emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas expressed Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been increasingly common. He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti. In later literature, he has been the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling, acrobatics, as well as meditation and diligent scholarship. He symbolizes the human excellences of inner self-control, faith and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like a monkey.
Besides being a popular deity in Hinduism, Hanuman is also found in Jainism and Buddhism. He is also a legendary character in legends and arts found outside Indian subcontinent such as in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia and Bali Indonesia. Outside India, Hanuman shares many characteristics with the Hindu versions in India, but differs in others. He is heroic, brave and steadfastly chaste, much like in the Sanskrit tradition, but not celibate. He marries and has children in other cultures, as is the case in a few regional versions in India. Hanuman is stated by scholars to be the inspiration for the allegory-filled adventures of a monkey hero in the Xiyouji (Journey to the West) – the great Chinese poetic novel influenced by the travels of Buddhist monk Xuanzang (602–664 CE) to India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman/org/wiki ]
[ Scoop whoop/inotheernew ]
[ Kasgar/god ]
[ Quora/how ]
[ Askgnesha/stories/hanuman/asp ]
Historical development:
Vedic roots:The earliest mention of a divine monkey, interpreted by some scholars as the proto-Hanuman, is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 1500 and 1200 BCE. The twenty three verses of the hymn is a metaphor and riddle filled legend. It is presented as a dialogue between multiple characters: god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Vrisakapi and his wife Kapi. The hymn opens with Indrani complaining to Indra that some of the soma offerings for Indra have been assigned to the energetic and strong monkey, and the people are forgetting Indra. The king of gods Indra responds by stating to his wife that the living being (monkey) that bothers her is to be seen as a friend, and that they should make an effort to be together in peace. The hymn closes with all agreeing that they should come together in Indra's house and share the wealth of offerings.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hnaman org /Hanuman ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa vednotesaspx ]
[ Astrojyoti Sankat mochan ]
[ Astrojyoti ]
This hymn, which includes an explicit discussion of sex and differences between species, has been interpreted in a number of ways by contemporary scholars. R.N. Dandekar states that it may metaphorically refer to another fertility god, while Wendy Doniger compares it to horse sacrifice. Stephanie Jamison states that the hymn mentions a bull-monkey, a euphemism for a horse and fertility ritual, very different from later era Hanuman. According to Philip Lutgendorf, there is "no convincing evidence for a monkey-worshipping cult in ancient India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maahiastro/abhi/Hanuman vedsutra ]
[ Astrojyoti/Sankatmochan ]
[ Atrojyoti ]
Tamil roots: The orientalist F. E. Pargiter (1852-1927) theorized that Hanuman was a proto-Dravidian deity. According to this theory, the name "Hanuman" derives from the Tamil word for male monkey (ana-mandi), first transformed to "Anumant" – a name which remains in use. "Anumant", according to this hypothesis, was later Sanskritized to "Hanuman" because the ancient Aryans confronted with a popular monkey deity of ancient Dravidians coopted the concept and then Sanskritized it. According to Murray Emeneau, known for his Tamil linguistic studies, this theory does not make sense because the Old Tamil word mandi in Caṅkam literature can only mean "female monkey", and Hanuman is male. Further, adds Emeneau, the compound ana-mandi makes no semantic sense in Tamil, which has well developed and sophisticated grammar and semantic rules. The "prominent jaw" etymology, according to Emeneau, is therefore plausible.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyourtubev=oferj;jz ]
[ Watchyoutubev=wqivcxoez8 ]
[ Saavn/tamilshri/Hanuman ]
[ Imgur/xjk5leb ]
[ Pinterest/pin/29097842598892092 ]
Epics and Puranas: Hanuman is mentioned in both the Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. A twentieth-century Jesuit missionary Camille Bulcke, in his Ramkatha: Utpatti Aur Vikas ("The tale of Rama: its origin and development"), proposed that Hanuman worship had its basis in the cults of aboriginal tribes of Central India.
Hanuman is mentioned in the Puranas. A medieval legend posited Hanuman as an avatar of the god Shiva by the 10th century CE (this development possibly started as early as in the 8th century CE). Hanuman is mentioned as an avatar of Shiva or Rudra in the medieval era Sanskrit texts like the Mahabhagvata Purana, the Skanda Purana, the Brhaddharma Purana and the Mahanataka among others. This development might have been a result of the Shavite attempts to insert their ishta devata (cherished deity) in the Vaishnavite texts.
Other mythologies, such as those found in South India, present Hanuman as a being who is the union of Shiva and Vishnu, or associated with the origin of Ayyappa. The 17th century Odia work Rasavinoda by Dinakrishnadasa goes on to mention that the three gods – Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva – combined to take to the form of Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyoutubev=f3wbngiamkc ]
[ Pinterest/pin/214554369718103316 ]
[ Pinerest/pin/31729273622422297 ]
[ Facebook/events/102949966704952 ]
[ Pinterest/rashmi112lord ]
Late medieval and modern era: In Valmiki's Ramayana, estimated to have been composed before or in about the 3rd century BCE, Hanuman is an important, creative character as a simian helper and messenger for Rama. The character evolved over time, reflecting regional cultural values. It is, however, in the late medieval era that his profile evolves into more central role and dominance as the exemplary spiritual devotee, particularly with the popular vernacular text Ramcharitmanas by Tulasidas . According to scholars such as Patrick Peebles and others, during a period of religious turmoil and Islamic rule of the Indian subcontinent, the Bhakti movement and devotionalism-oriented Bhakti yoga had emerged as a major trend in Hindu culture by the 16th-century, and the Ramcharitmanas presented Rama as a Vishnu avatar, supreme being and a personal god worthy of devotion, with Hanuman as the ideal loving devotee with legendary courage, strength and powers.
Hanuman evolved and emerged in this era as the ideal combination of shakti and bhakti. Stories and folk traditions in and after the 17th century, began to reformulate and present Hanuman as a divine being, as a descendent of deities, and as an avatar of Shiva. He emerged as a champion of those religiously persecuted, expressing resistance, a yogi, an inspiration for martial artists and warriors, character with less fur and increasingly human symbolizing cherished virtues and internal values worthy of devotion in his own right. Hindu monks morphed into soldiers, and they named their organizations after Hanuman.This evolution of Hanuman's character, religious and cultural role as well as his iconography continued through the colonial era and in post-colonial times.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Devdutt/articles/applied/queer ]
[ Columbia/its/mealac/prichett ]
[ Wikivisually/wiki/hanuman ]
[ exoticidiart/Mahavir ]
[ Ncbi/nih/ ]
Birth: In Indian mythology, Hanuman was born to Anjana and father Kesari.Hanuman is also called the son of the deity Vayu (Wind god, himself the son of Vishnu) because of legends associated with Vayu's role in Hanuman's birth. One story mentioned in Eknath's Bhavartha Ramayana (16th century CE) states that when Anjana was worshiping Shiva, the King Dasharatha of Ayodhya was also performing the ritual of Putrakama yagna in order to have children. As a result, he received some sacred pudding (payasam) to be shared by his three wives, leading to the births of Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. By divine ordinance, a kite snatched a fragment of that pudding and dropped it while flying over the forest where Anjana was engaged in worship. Vayu, the Hindu deity of the wind, delivered the falling pudding to the outstretched hands of Anjana, who consumed it. Hanuman was born to her as a result.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Quora/what ]
[ Speaking tree/alsiides/birth ]
[ Site google/site/hanumanstale ]
[ Apnisanskriti ]
[ Scoopwhoopinothernews ]
Childhood: According to Valmiki's Ramayana, one morning in his childhood, Hanuman was hungry and saw the rising red colored sun. Mistaking it for a ripe fruit, he leapt up to eat it. In one version of the Hindu legend, the king of gods Indra intervened and struck his thunderbolt. It hit Hanuman on his jaw, and he fell to the earth unconscious with a broken jaw. His father, Vayu (air), states Ramayana in section 4.65, became upset and withdrew. The lack of air created immense suffering to all living beings. This led Prajapati, the god of life, to intervene and resuscitate Hanuman, which in turn prompted Vayu to return to the living beings.
In another Hindu version of his childhood legend, which Lutgendorf states is likely older and also found in Jain texts such as the 8th-century Dhurtakhyana, after Hanuman's Icarus like leap for the sun, it proves to be fatal and he is burnt to ashes from sun's heat. His ashes fall onto the earth and oceans.Gods then gather the ashes and his bones from land and, with the help of fishes, from the water and re-assemble him. They find everything except one fragment of his jaw bone. His great grandfather on his mother's side then asks Surya to restore the child to life. Surya returns him to life, but Hanuman is left with a disfigured jaw.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ kinsgen/fable and fairytale ]
[ Sanatansocietyorg/indians ]
[ Balagokulam/kids/stories ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lords ]
[ Cybestro/articles/lord ]
Attributes:
Chiranjivi (immortal): various versions of Ramayana and Rama Katha state towards their end, just before Rama and Lakshmana die, that Hanuman is blessed to be immortal. He will be a part of humanity forever, while the story of Rama lives on.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediaorg/chiranjvi ]
[ Quora/who ]
[ Hinduism/question ]
[ Speaking tree/.asllides/hanuman ]
[ Speakingtree /lord ]
Kurūp and Sundar: he is described in Hindu texts as kurūp (ugly) on the outside, but divinely sundar (beautiful inside).
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Google/book/isbn=9352784251 ]
[ Youtubev=y;n5wbj6umm ]
[ Google books ]
[ Watchyoutubev=xodlbrssh ]
[ Wikipedia/wiki/sundrakanda ]
Kama-rupin: He can shape shift, become smaller than the smallest, larger than the largest adversary at will. He uses this attribute to shrink and enter Lanka, as he searches for the kidnapped Sita imprisoned in Lanka. Later on, he takes on the size of a mountain, blazing with radiance, to show his true power to Sita.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia/hanuman ]
[ Kasgar ]
[ Drmichaelamas/god ]
[ Busindia ]
[ Accollegemendara ]
Strength: Hanuman is extraordinarily strong, one capable of lifting and carrying any burden for a cause. He is called Vira, Mahavira, Mahabala and other names signifying this attribute of his. During the epic war between Rama and Ravana, Rama's brother Lakshmana is wounded. He can only be healed and his death prevented by a herb found in a particular Himalayan mountain. Hanuman leaps and finds the mountain. There, states Ramayana, Hanuman finds the mountain is full of many herbs. He doesn't know which one to take. So, he lifts the entire Himalayan mountain and carries it across India to Lanka for Lakshmana. His immense strength thus helps Lakshmana recover from his wound. This legend is the popular basis for the iconography where he is shown flying and carrying a mountain on his palm.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord/intersesting ]
[ Wikipedia/wik/hanuman ]
[ Dollsofindia/libary ]
[ Ankurlearningsolution ]
Innovative: Hanuman is described as someone who constantly faces very difficult odds, where the adversary or circumstances threaten his mission with certain defeat and his very existence. Yet he finds an innovative way to turn the odds. For example, after he finds Sita, delivers Rama's message, and persuades her that he is indeed Rama's true messenger, he is discovered by the prison guards. They arrest Hanuman, and under Ravana's orders take him to a public execution. There, the Ravana's guards begin his torture, tie his tail with oiled cloth and put it on fire. Hanuman then leaps, jumps from one palace rooftop to another, thus burning everything down.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Indiamarthanuman printer ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Google book?isbn=8184247613 ]
[ Googlebook?isbn=9384225762 ]
[ Allabuotoutdoor/news ]
Bhakti: Hanuman is presented as the exemplary devotee (bhakta) of Rama and Sita. The Hindu texts such as the Bhagavata Purana, the Bhakta Mala, the Ananda Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas present him as someone who is talented, strong, brave and spiritually devoted to Rama. The Rama stories such as the Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas, in turn themselves, present the Hindu dharmic concept of the ideal, virtuous and compassionate man (Rama) and woman (Sita) thereby providing the context for attributes assigned therein for Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Youtubev=d7gj0z6ib7e ]
[ Youtubev=aetfvqonfv8 ]
[ Youtubev=y180b9qilml ]
[ Youtubev=xpnhiseop ]
[ Bhaktigaane ]
Learned Yogi: In the late medieval texts and thereafter, such as those by Tulasidas, attributes of Hanuman include learned in Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism, the Vedas, a poet, a polymath, a grammarian, a singer and musician par excellence.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanumanwiki ]
[ Exoticidimart/hanuman ]
[ Gaia/article/hanuman ]
[ dlsq/religious ]
[ Google ]
Ramayana: The Sundara Kanda, the fifth book in the Ramayana, focuses on Hanuman. Hanuman meets Rama in the last year the latter's 14-year exile, after the demon king Ravana had kidnapped Sita. With his brother Lakshmana, Rama is searching for his wife Sita. This, and related Rama legends are the most extensive stories about Hanuman.
Numerous versions of the Ramayana exist within India. These present variant legends of Hanuman, Rama, Sita, Lakshamana and Ravana. The characters and their descriptions vary, in some cases quite significantly.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman/blog ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Amazon/hanuman ]
[ Hinduismstackexhange ]
[ Youtube ]
Mahabharata: The Mahabharata is another major epic which has a short mention of Hanuman. In Book 3, the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata, he is presented as a half brother of Bhima, who meets him accidentally on his way to Mount Kailasha. A man of extraordinary strength, Bhima is unable to move Hanuman's tail, making him realize and acknowledge the strength of Hanuman. This story attests to the ancient chronology of the Hanuman character. It is also a part of artwork and reliefs such as those at the Vijayanagara ruins.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Speaking tree/mysterious ]
[ Boldsky ]
[ Quora ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Youtubev=kmh ]
Other literature: Apart from Ramayana and Mahabharata, Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts. Some of these stories add to his adventures mentioned in the earlier epics, while others tell alternative stories of his life. The Skanda Purana mentions Hanuman in Rameswaram.
In a South Indian version of Shiva Purana, Hanuman is described as the son of Shiva and Mohini (the female avatar of Vishnu), or alternatively his mythology has been linked to or merged with the origin of Swami Ayyappa who is popular in parts of South India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Radhaswami/video ]
[ Purebhakti ]
[ Radhaswami net/09:009 ]
[ Youtube ]
[Watch youtube ]
Buddhism: Hanuman appears with a Buddhist gloss in Tibetan (southwest China) and Khotanese (west China, central Asia and northern Iran) versions of Ramayana. The Khotanese versions have a Jataka tales like theme, but are generally similar to the Hindu texts in the story line and in the character of Hanuman. The Tibetan version is more embellished, and without attempts to put a Jataka gloss. Further, in Tibetan version, novel elements appear such as where Hanuman carries love letters between Rama and Sita in addition to the Hindu version where Rama sends with him the wedding ring as a message to Sita. Further, in Tibetan version, Rama chides Hanuman for not corresponding with him through letters more often implying that the monkey-messenger and warrior is a learned being who can read and write letters.
In Sri Lankan version of Ramayana, which are titled after Ravana, the story is less melodramatic than the Indian versions. Many of the bravery and innovativeness legends relating to Hanuman are found in Sinhala versions, the characters have Buddhist themes, and lack the embedded ethics and values structure according to Hindu dharma. According to Hera Walker, some Sinhalese communities seek the aid of Hanuman through prayers to his mother. In Chinese Buddhist texts, states Arthur Cotterall, myths mention meeting of the Buddha with Hanuman, as well as Hanuman's great triumphs. According to Rosalind Lefeber, the arrival of Hanuman in East Asian Buddhist text may trace its roots to the translation of Ramayana into Chinese and Tibetan in 6th-century CE.
In both China and Japan, according to Lutgendorf, much like India there is a lack of a radical divide between humans and animals, with all living beings and nature assumed to be related to humans. There is no exaltation of humans over animals or nature, unlike the Western traditions. Divine monkey has been a part of the historic literature and culture of China and Japan, possibly influenced by the close cultural contact through Buddhist monks and pilgrimage to India over two millennia. For example, the Japanese text Keiranshuyoshu, while presenting its mythology about divine monkey, that is the theriomorphic Shinto emblem of Hie shrines, describes a flying white monkey that carries a mountain from India to China, then from China to Japan. Many Japanese shrines and village boundaries, dated to be from 8th to 14th centuries, feature monkey deity as guardians or intermediaries between the humans and the gods.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Buddhagarden ]
[ Wikihanuman ]
[ Dharmawheel ]
[ Easternspriuallty ]
[ Britanica ]
Jainism: Main articles: Rama in Jainism and Salakapurusa
Paumacariya (also known as Pauma Chariu or Padmacharit), the Jain version of Ramayana written by Vimalasuri, mentions Hanuman not as a divine monkey, but as a Vidyadhara (a supernatural being, demigod in Jain cosmology). He is the son of Pavangati (wind deity) and Anjana Sundari. Anjana gives birth to Hanuman in a forest cave, after being banished by her in-laws. Her maternal uncle rescues her from the forest; while boarding his vimana, Anjana accidentally drops her baby on a rock. However, the baby remains uninjured while the rock is shattered. The baby is raised in Hanuruha, his great uncle's island kingdom, from which Hanuman gets his name. Hanuman's strength is not his own achievement, but attributed to his mother's asceticism. In Jain texts, Hanuman is depicted as the 17th of 24 Kamadevas, the one who is ultimately handsome.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Jainismworld ]
[ Indiaforum ]
[ Enyclopedia ]
[ Wikipedia Rama inJainism ]
[ Hindu ]
Sikhism: In Sikhism, Hindu god Rama has been referred to as Sri Ram Chandar, and the story of Hanuman as a siddha has been influential. After the birth of martial Sikh Khalsa movement in 1699, during the 18th and 19th century, Hanuman was an inspiration and object of reverence by the Khalsa. Some Khalsa regiments brought along Hanuman image to the battle ground. The Sikh texts such as Hanuman Natak composed by Hirda Ram Bhalla, and Das Gur Katha by Kavi Kankan describe the heroic deeds of Hanuman. According to Louis Fenech, the Sikh tradition states that Guru Gobind Singh was a fond reader of the Hanuman Natak text.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Sikhnet ]
[ Sikhiwiki/index ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Info/page ]
[ Quora ]
Southeast Asian texts: The non-Indian versions of Ramayana, such as the Thai Ramakien, mention that Hanuman had relationships with multiple women, including Svayamprabha, Benjakaya (Vibhisana's daughter), Suvannamaccha and even Ravana's wife Mandodari. According to these versions of the Ramayana, Macchanu is son of Hanuman borne by Suvannamaccha, daughter of Ravana. The Jain text Paumacariya mentions that Hanuman married Lankasundari, the daughter of Lanka's chief defender Bajramukha.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Survannmaccha ]
[ Googleid? ]
[ Google book ]
[ Googlebook? ]
[ Britanica/hanuman ]
Significance and influence : Hanuman became more important in the medieval period and came to be portrayed as the ideal devotee (bhakta) of Rama. Hanuman's life, devotion, celibacy and strength inspired wrestlers in India.
According to Philip Lutgendorf, devotionalism to Hanuman and his theological significance emerged long after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE. His prominence grew after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. He is viewed as the ideal combination of shakti ("strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence") and bhakti ("loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama"). Beyond wrestlers, he has been the patron god of other martial arts. He is stated to be a gifted grammarian, meditating yogi and diligent scholar. He exemplifies the human excellences of temperance, faith and service to a cause.
In 17th-century north and western regions of India, Hanuman emerged as an expression of resistance and dedication against Islamic persecution. For example, the bhakti poet-saint Ramdas presented Hanuman as a symbol of Marathi nationalism and resistance to Mughal Empire.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindukjaruti ]
[ Hinduwebsite ]
[ Exoticindiamart/article/hanuman ]
[ Scoopwhoop ]
[ Googlebook ]
Iconography:
Hanuman's iconography shows him either with other central characters of the Ramayana or by himself. If with Rama and Sita, he is shown to the right of Rama, as a devotee bowing or kneeling before them with a Namaste (Anjali Hasta) posture. If alone, he carries weapons such as a big Gada (mace) and thunderbolt (vajra), sometimes in a scene reminiscent of a scene from his life.
In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been common. He is typically shown with Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, near or in Vaishnavism temples, as well as by himself usually opening his chest to symbolically show images of Rama and Sita near his heart. He is also popular among the followers of Shaivism.
In north India, aniconic representation of Hanuman such as a round stone has been in use by yogi, as a means to help focus on the abstract asSpects of him.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Es.scribed/document ]
[ Documentshanuman ]
[ Wikipedia ]
[ Pinterest ]
[ Book ]
Temples and shrines: Hanuman is often worshipped along with Rama and Sita of Vaishnavism, sometimes independently. There are numerous statues to celebrate or temples to worship Hanuman all over India. In some regions, he is considered as an avatar of Shiva, the focus of Shaivism.According to a review by Lutgendorf, some scholars state that the earliest Hanuman murtis appeared in the 8th-century, but verifiable evidence of Hanuman images and inscriptions appear in the 10th century in Indian monasteries in central and north India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Workthrougfh ]
[ Tourmyindia ]
[ Tourmyindia/blog ]
[ Scoopwhoop/haunted ]
Festivals and celebrations:
Hanuman is a central character in the annual Ramlila celebrations in India, and seasonal dramatic arts in southeast Asia particularly Thailand, Bali and Java Indonesia. Ramlila is a dramatic folk re-enactment of the life of Rama according to the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana or secondary literature based on it such as the Ramcharitmanas. It particularly refers to the thousands of dramatic plays and dance events, that are staged during the annual autumn festival of Navratri in India. Hanuman is features in many parts of the folk enacted play of the legendary war between Good and Evil, with the celebrations climaxing in the Dussehra (Dasara, Vijayadashami) night festivities where the giant grotesque effigies of Evil such as of demon Ravana are burnt, typically with fireworks.
Hanuman's birthday is observed by some Hindus as Hanuman Jayanti. It falls in much of India in the traditional month of Chaitra in lunisolar Hindu calendar, which overlaps with March and April. However, in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Hanuman Jayanthi is observed in the regional Hindu month of Margazhi, which overlaps with December and January. The festive day is observed with devotees gathering at Hanuman temples before sunrise, and day long spiritual recitations and story reading about the victory of good over evil.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman ]
[ Hanumanfestival ]
[ Hanumanfestivalhome revised ]
[ Hanumanfestival/resources ]
[ Hanumanfestival cause ]
Hanuman in Southeast Asia:
Cambodia: Hanuman is a revered heroic figure in Khmer history in southeast Asia. He features predominantly in the Reamker, a Cambodian epic poem, based on the Sanskrit's Ramayana epic.Intricate carvings on the walls of Angkor Wat depict scenes from the Ramayana including those of Hanuman.
In Cambodia and many other parts of southeast Asia, mask dance and shadow theatre arts celebrate Hanuman with Ream (same as Rama of India). Hanuman is represented by a white mask.Particularly popular in southeast Asian theatre are Hanuman's accomplishments as a martial artist and as an amorous seducer of women, in interpolated plays that are missing from most versions of the Indian Ramayana.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediareamker ]
[ Hanumanwiki/org ]
[ Business ]
[ Booksgooglebooks ]
Indonesia: Hanuman is the central character in many of the historic dance and drama art works such as Wayang Wong found in Hindu communities of Bali Indonesia. These performance arts can be traced to at least the 10th century. He has been popular, along with the local versions of Ramayana in other islands of Indonesia such as Java.
In major medieval era Hindu temples, archeological sites and manuscripts discovered in Indonesian and Malay islands, Hanuman features prominently along with Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Vishvamitra and Sugriva. The most studied and detailed relief artworks are found in Candi Panataran and Prambanan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Rreamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Business ]
[ Googlebooks ]
Thailand: Hanuman has been a historic and popular character of Ramakien in Thai culture. He appears wearing a crown on his head and armor. He is depicted as an albino white, strong character with open mouth in action, sometimes shown carrying a trident. In Ramkien, Hanuman is a devoted soldier of Rama. Unlike in Indian adaptations, he is not celibate, and he is presented as a ladies man, according to Paula Richman. He meets the mermaid Suvannamaccha and the couple have a son. Hanuman plays a dominant role in the Thai version of the Ramayana epic.
Like the Indian tradition, Hanuman is the patron of martial arts and an example of courage, fortitude and excellence in Thailand.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikkipedia/org/reamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Businees ]
[ Googlebooks ]
References:
George M. Williams (2008). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2.
Jump up ^ Brian A. Hatcher (2015). Hinduism in the Modern World. Routledge. ISBN 9781135046309.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibek Debroy (2012). The Mahabharata: Volume 3. Penguin Books. pp. 184 with footnote 686. ISBN 978-0-14-310015-7.
Jump up ^ "Hanuman", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-415-93919-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wendy Doniger, Hanuman: Hindu mythology, Encyclopaedia Britannica; For a summary of the Chinese text, see Xiyouji: NOVEL BY WU CHENG’EN
^ Jump up to: a b Susan Whitfield; Ursula Sims-Williams (2004). The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith. Serindia Publications. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-932476-13-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
^ Jump up to: a b J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1310–1311. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c Catherine Ludvik (1994). Hanumān in the Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki and the Rāmacaritamānasa of Tulasī Dāsa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 2–9. ISBN 978-81-208-1122-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Paula Richman (2010), Review: Lutgendorf, Philip's Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey, The Journal of Asian Studies; Vol 69, Issue 4 (Nov 2010), pages 1287-1288.
Jayant Lele (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 90-04-06370-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–32, 116, 257–259, 388–391. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Lutgendorf, Philip (1997). "Monkey in the Middle: The Status of Hanuman in Popular Hinduism". Religion. Routledge. 27 (4): 311–332. doi:10.1006/reli.1997.0095.
Jump up ^ Lutgendorf, Philip (1994). "My Hanuman Is Bigger Than Yours". History of Religions. University of Chicago Press. 33 (3): 211–245. doi:10.1086/463367.
Jump up ^ H. S. Walker (1998), Indigenous or Foreign? A Look at the Origins of the Monkey Hero Sun Wukong, Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 81. September 1998, Editor: Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania
Jump up ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri; Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri (2005). Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography. Mittal Publications. p. 45. ISBN 978-81-8324-026-0.
Jump up ^ J.H. Maronier (2013). Pictures of the Tropics: A Catalogue of Drawings, Water-Colours, Paintings and Sculptures in the Collection of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology in Leiden. Springer. p. 127. ISBN 978-94-017-6643-2.
Jump up ^ R. V. R. Murthy (2005). Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Development and Decentralization. Mittal Publications. p. 20. ISBN 978-81-8324-049-9.
Jump up ^ Uta Gärtner (1994). Tradition and Modernity in Myanmar. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 317. ISBN 978-3-8258-2186-9.
Jump up ^ Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5.
Jump up ^ Marijke Klokke (2006). Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-979-26-2499-1.
Jump up ^ Eugenio Barba; Nicola Savarese (2011). A Dictionary of Theatre Anthropology: The Secret Art of the Performer. Taylor & Francis. pp. 77 with Fig 13. ISBN 978-1-135-17635-8.
Jump up ^ ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.८६, Rigveda, Wikisource
^ Jump up to: a b c Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 23-25
Jump up ^ Legend of Ram–Retold. PublishAmerica. pp. 56–. ISBN 978-1-4512-2350-7.
Jump up ^ Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 22-23
Jump up ^ Nanditha Krishna (1 January 2010). Sacred Animals of India. Penguin Books India. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-0-14-306619-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Camille Bulcke; Dineśvara Prasāda (2010). Rāmakathā and Other Essays. Vani Prakashan. pp. 117–126. ISBN 978-93-5000-107-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Swami Parmeshwaranand. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas, Volume 1. Sarup & Sons. pp. 411–. ISBN 978-81-7625-226-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Diana L. Eck (1991). Devotion divine, Bhakti traditions from the regions of India: studies in honour of Charlotte Vaudeville. Egbert Forsten. pp. 69, 62–67. ISBN 978-90-6980-045-5., Quote: "Giving up his Rudra form, Lord Shiva as Hanuman adopted a monkey figure, only in view of his affection for Rama."
0 notes
Text
Sri Hanuman Chalisa
Doha
Shri Guru Charan Sarooja-raj Nija manu Mukura Sudhaari
Baranau Rahubhara Bimala Yasha Jo Dayaka Phala Chari
Budhee-Heen Thanu Jannikay Sumirow Pavana Kumara
Bala-Budhee Vidya Dehoo Mohee Harahu Kalesha Vikaara
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE:
] MAHARAJ HANUMAN ]
[ Video ]
[ Vedsutra hanuman ]
[ Hanuman chalisa blogspot ]
[ Speaking tree/these ]
Chopai
Jai Hanuman gyan gun sagar
Jai Kapis tihun lok ujagar
Ram doot atulit bal dhama
Anjaani-putra Pavan sut nama
Mahabir Bikram Bajrangi
Kumati nivar sumati Ke sangi
Kanchan varan viraj subesa
Kanan Kundal Kunchit Kesha
Hath Vajra Aur Dhuvaje Viraje
Kaandhe moonj janehu sajaiSankar suvan kesri Nandan
Tej prataap maha jag vandan
Vidyavaan guni ati chatur
Ram kaj karibe ko aatur
Prabu charitra sunibe-ko rasiya
Ram Lakhan Sita man Basiya
Sukshma roop dhari Siyahi dikhava
Vikat roop dhari lank jarava
Bhima roop dhari asur sanghare
Ramachandra ke kaj sanvare
Laye Sanjivan Lakhan Jiyaye
Shri Raghuvir Harashi ur laye
Raghupati Kinhi bahut badai
Tum mam priye Bharat-hi-sam bhai
Sahas badan tumharo yash gaave
Asa-kahi Shripati kanth lagaave
Sankadhik Brahmaadi Muneesa
Narad-Sarad sahit Aheesa
Yam Kuber Digpaal Jahan teav
i kovid kahi sake kahan te
Tum upkar Sugreevahin keenha
Ram milaye rajpad deenha
Tumharo mantra Vibheeshan maana
Lankeshwar Bhaye Sub jag jana
Yug sahastra jojan par Bhanu
Leelyo tahi madhur phal janu
Prabhu mudrika meli mukh mahee
Jaladhi langhi gaye achraj nahee
Durgaam kaj jagath ke jete
Sugam anugraha tumhre tete
Ram dwaare tum rakhvare
Hoat na agya binu paisare
Sub sukh lahae tumhari sar na
Tum rakshak kahu ko dar naa
Aapan tej samharo aapai
Teenhon lok hank te kanpai
Bhoot pisaach Nikat nahin aavai
Mahavir jab naam sunavae
Nase rog harae sab peera
Japat nirantar Hanumant beera
Sankat se Hanuman chudavae
Man Karam Vachan dyan jo lavai
Sab par Ram tapasvee raja
Tin ke kaj sakal Tum saja
Aur manorath jo koi lavai
Sohi amit jeevan phal pavai
Charon Yug partap tumhara
Hai persidh jagat ujiyara
Sadhu Sant ke tum Rakhware
Asur nikandan Ram dulhare
Ashta-sidhi nav nidhi ke dhata
As-var deen Janki mata
Ram rasayan tumhare pasa
Sada raho Raghupati ke dasa
Tumhare bhajan Ram ko pavai
Janam-janam ke dukh bisraavai
Anth-kaal Raghuvir pur jayee
Jahan janam Hari-Bakht Kahayee
Aur Devta Chit na dharehi
Hanumanth se hi sarve sukh karehi
Sankat kate-mite sab peera
Jo sumirai Hanumat Balbeera
Jai Jai Jai Hanuman Gosahin
Kripa Karahu Gurudev ki nyahin
Jo sat bar path kare kohi
Chutehi bandhi maha sukh hohi
Jo yah padhe Hanuman Chalisa
Hoye siddhi sakhi Gaureesa
Tulsidas sada hari chera
Keejai Nath Hridaye mein dera
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindiastroyogi ]
[ Watchyoutubev=ulf2bj ]
[ Watchyoutubev=nr18coa ]
[ Raagtunes ]
[ Khabarindiatv ]
Doha
Pavan Tanay Sankat Harana
Mangala Murati Roop
Ram Lakhana Sita Sahita
Hriday Basahu Soor Bhoop
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maharaj Hanuman ]
[ Watchyoutubev=cblgjbeq ]
[ VedsutraHnuman chalisa ]
[ Hanuman chalisa bhajan ]
[ Speaking tree ].
Meaning: The Hanuman Chalisa (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː]; literally Forty chaupais on Hanuman) is a Hindu devotional hymn (stotra) addressed to Hanuman. ... Hanuman is a vanara (a monkey-like humanoid), a devotee of Ram, and one of the central characters in the Indian epic poem, the Ramayan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman ]
[ Speaking tree /blog meaning ]
[ The indianmythology ]
[ Watch youtubev=gjoe5gq ]
[ Hindiremedy/Hanuman ]
Who was Lord Hanuman?
Hanuman participated in Rama's war against the demon king Ravana. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. He is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Pawan, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
Hanuman ,(Sanskrit: हनुमान्) is an ardent devotee of Lord Rama and one of the central characters in the various versions of the epic Ramayana found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. As one of the Chiranjivi, he is also mentioned in several other texts, such as the Mahabharata the various Puranas and some Jain, Buddhist, and Sikh texts. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. Hanuman is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
His theological origins in Hinduism are unclear. Alternate theories include him having ancient roots, being a non-Aryan deity who was Sanskritized by the Vedic Aryans, or that he is a fusion deity who emerged in literary works from folk Yaksha protector deities and theological symbolism.
While Hanuman is one of the central characters in the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, the evidence of devotional worship to him is missing in the texts and archeological sites of ancient and most of the medieval period. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist known for his studies on Hanuman, the theological significance and devotional dedication to Hanuman emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas expressed Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been increasingly common. He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti. In later literature, he has been the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling, acrobatics, as well as meditation and diligent scholarship. He symbolizes the human excellences of inner self-control, faith and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like a monkey.
Besides being a popular deity in Hinduism, Hanuman is also found in Jainism and Buddhism. He is also a legendary character in legends and arts found outside Indian subcontinent such as in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia and Bali Indonesia. Outside India, Hanuman shares many characteristics with the Hindu versions in India, but differs in others. He is heroic, brave and steadfastly chaste, much like in the Sanskrit tradition, but not celibate. He marries and has children in other cultures, as is the case in a few regional versions in India. Hanuman is stated by scholars to be the inspiration for the allegory-filled adventures of a monkey hero in the Xiyouji (Journey to the West) – the great Chinese poetic novel influenced by the travels of Buddhist monk Xuanzang (602–664 CE) to India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman/org/wiki ]
[ Scoop whoop/inotheernew ]
[ Kasgar/god ]
[ Quora/how ]
[ Askgnesha/stories/hanuman/asp ]
Historical development:
Vedic roots:The earliest mention of a divine monkey, interpreted by some scholars as the proto-Hanuman, is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 1500 and 1200 BCE. The twenty three verses of the hymn is a metaphor and riddle filled legend. It is presented as a dialogue between multiple characters: god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Vrisakapi and his wife Kapi. The hymn opens with Indrani complaining to Indra that some of the soma offerings for Indra have been assigned to the energetic and strong monkey, and the people are forgetting Indra. The king of gods Indra responds by stating to his wife that the living being (monkey) that bothers her is to be seen as a friend, and that they should make an effort to be together in peace. The hymn closes with all agreeing that they should come together in Indra's house and share the wealth of offerings.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hnaman org /Hanuman ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa vednotesaspx ]
[ Astrojyoti Sankat mochan ]
[ Astrojyoti ]
This hymn, which includes an explicit discussion of sex and differences between species, has been interpreted in a number of ways by contemporary scholars. R.N. Dandekar states that it may metaphorically refer to another fertility god, while Wendy Doniger compares it to horse sacrifice. Stephanie Jamison states that the hymn mentions a bull-monkey, a euphemism for a horse and fertility ritual, very different from later era Hanuman. According to Philip Lutgendorf, there is "no convincing evidence for a monkey-worshipping cult in ancient India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maahiastro/abhi/Hanuman vedsutra ]
[ Astrojyoti/Sankatmochan ]
[ Atrojyoti ]
Tamil roots: The orientalist F. E. Pargiter (1852-1927) theorized that Hanuman was a proto-Dravidian deity. According to this theory, the name "Hanuman" derives from the Tamil word for male monkey (ana-mandi), first transformed to "Anumant" – a name which remains in use. "Anumant", according to this hypothesis, was later Sanskritized to "Hanuman" because the ancient Aryans confronted with a popular monkey deity of ancient Dravidians coopted the concept and then Sanskritized it. According to Murray Emeneau, known for his Tamil linguistic studies, this theory does not make sense because the Old Tamil word mandi in Caṅkam literature can only mean "female monkey", and Hanuman is male. Further, adds Emeneau, the compound ana-mandi makes no semantic sense in Tamil, which has well developed and sophisticated grammar and semantic rules. The "prominent jaw" etymology, according to Emeneau, is therefore plausible.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyourtubev=oferj;jz ]
[ Watchyoutubev=wqivcxoez8 ]
[ Saavn/tamilshri/Hanuman ]
[ Imgur/xjk5leb ]
[ Pinterest/pin/29097842598892092 ]
Epics and Puranas: Hanuman is mentioned in both the Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. A twentieth-century Jesuit missionary Camille Bulcke, in his Ramkatha: Utpatti Aur Vikas ("The tale of Rama: its origin and development"), proposed that Hanuman worship had its basis in the cults of aboriginal tribes of Central India.
Hanuman is mentioned in the Puranas. A medieval legend posited Hanuman as an avatar of the god Shiva by the 10th century CE (this development possibly started as early as in the 8th century CE). Hanuman is mentioned as an avatar of Shiva or Rudra in the medieval era Sanskrit texts like the Mahabhagvata Purana, the Skanda Purana, the Brhaddharma Purana and the Mahanataka among others. This development might have been a result of the Shavite attempts to insert their ishta devata (cherished deity) in the Vaishnavite texts.
Other mythologies, such as those found in South India, present Hanuman as a being who is the union of Shiva and Vishnu, or associated with the origin of Ayyappa. The 17th century Odia work Rasavinoda by Dinakrishnadasa goes on to mention that the three gods – Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva – combined to take to the form of Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyoutubev=f3wbngiamkc ]
[ Pinterest/pin/214554369718103316 ]
[ Pinerest/pin/31729273622422297 ]
[ Facebook/events/102949966704952 ]
[ Pinterest/rashmi112lord ]
Late medieval and modern era: In Valmiki's Ramayana, estimated to have been composed before or in about the 3rd century BCE, Hanuman is an important, creative character as a simian helper and messenger for Rama. The character evolved over time, reflecting regional cultural values. It is, however, in the late medieval era that his profile evolves into more central role and dominance as the exemplary spiritual devotee, particularly with the popular vernacular text Ramcharitmanas by Tulasidas . According to scholars such as Patrick Peebles and others, during a period of religious turmoil and Islamic rule of the Indian subcontinent, the Bhakti movement and devotionalism-oriented Bhakti yoga had emerged as a major trend in Hindu culture by the 16th-century, and the Ramcharitmanas presented Rama as a Vishnu avatar, supreme being and a personal god worthy of devotion, with Hanuman as the ideal loving devotee with legendary courage, strength and powers.
Hanuman evolved and emerged in this era as the ideal combination of shakti and bhakti. Stories and folk traditions in and after the 17th century, began to reformulate and present Hanuman as a divine being, as a descendent of deities, and as an avatar of Shiva. He emerged as a champion of those religiously persecuted, expressing resistance, a yogi, an inspiration for martial artists and warriors, character with less fur and increasingly human symbolizing cherished virtues and internal values worthy of devotion in his own right. Hindu monks morphed into soldiers, and they named their organizations after Hanuman.This evolution of Hanuman's character, religious and cultural role as well as his iconography continued through the colonial era and in post-colonial times.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Devdutt/articles/applied/queer ]
[ Columbia/its/mealac/prichett ]
[ Wikivisually/wiki/hanuman ]
[ exoticidiart/Mahavir ]
[ Ncbi/nih/ ]
Birth: In Indian mythology, Hanuman was born to Anjana and father Kesari.Hanuman is also called the son of the deity Vayu (Wind god, himself the son of Vishnu) because of legends associated with Vayu's role in Hanuman's birth. One story mentioned in Eknath's Bhavartha Ramayana (16th century CE) states that when Anjana was worshiping Shiva, the King Dasharatha of Ayodhya was also performing the ritual of Putrakama yagna in order to have children. As a result, he received some sacred pudding (payasam) to be shared by his three wives, leading to the births of Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. By divine ordinance, a kite snatched a fragment of that pudding and dropped it while flying over the forest where Anjana was engaged in worship. Vayu, the Hindu deity of the wind, delivered the falling pudding to the outstretched hands of Anjana, who consumed it. Hanuman was born to her as a result.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Quora/what ]
[ Speaking tree/alsiides/birth ]
[ Site google/site/hanumanstale ]
[ Apnisanskriti ]
[ Scoopwhoopinothernews ]
Childhood: According to Valmiki's Ramayana, one morning in his childhood, Hanuman was hungry and saw the rising red colored sun. Mistaking it for a ripe fruit, he leapt up to eat it. In one version of the Hindu legend, the king of gods Indra intervened and struck his thunderbolt. It hit Hanuman on his jaw, and he fell to the earth unconscious with a broken jaw. His father, Vayu (air), states Ramayana in section 4.65, became upset and withdrew. The lack of air created immense suffering to all living beings. This led Prajapati, the god of life, to intervene and resuscitate Hanuman, which in turn prompted Vayu to return to the living beings.
In another Hindu version of his childhood legend, which Lutgendorf states is likely older and also found in Jain texts such as the 8th-century Dhurtakhyana, after Hanuman's Icarus like leap for the sun, it proves to be fatal and he is burnt to ashes from sun's heat. His ashes fall onto the earth and oceans.Gods then gather the ashes and his bones from land and, with the help of fishes, from the water and re-assemble him. They find everything except one fragment of his jaw bone. His great grandfather on his mother's side then asks Surya to restore the child to life. Surya returns him to life, but Hanuman is left with a disfigured jaw.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ kinsgen/fable and fairytale ]
[ Sanatansocietyorg/indians ]
[ Balagokulam/kids/stories ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lords ]
[ Cybestro/articles/lord ]
Attributes:
Chiranjivi (immortal): various versions of Ramayana and Rama Katha state towards their end, just before Rama and Lakshmana die, that Hanuman is blessed to be immortal. He will be a part of humanity forever, while the story of Rama lives on.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediaorg/chiranjvi ]
[ Quora/who ]
[ Hinduism/question ]
[ Speaking tree/.asllides/hanuman ]
[ Speakingtree /lord ]
Kurūp and Sundar: he is described in Hindu texts as kurūp (ugly) on the outside, but divinely sundar (beautiful inside).
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Google/book/isbn=9352784251 ]
[ Youtubev=y;n5wbj6umm ]
[ Google books ]
[ Watchyoutubev=xodlbrssh ]
[ Wikipedia/wiki/sundrakanda ]
Kama-rupin: He can shape shift, become smaller than the smallest, larger than the largest adversary at will. He uses this attribute to shrink and enter Lanka, as he searches for the kidnapped Sita imprisoned in Lanka. Later on, he takes on the size of a mountain, blazing with radiance, to show his true power to Sita.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia/hanuman ]
[ Kasgar ]
[ Drmichaelamas/god ]
[ Busindia ]
[ Accollegemendara ]
Strength: Hanuman is extraordinarily strong, one capable of lifting and carrying any burden for a cause. He is called Vira, Mahavira, Mahabala and other names signifying this attribute of his. During the epic war between Rama and Ravana, Rama's brother Lakshmana is wounded. He can only be healed and his death prevented by a herb found in a particular Himalayan mountain. Hanuman leaps and finds the mountain. There, states Ramayana, Hanuman finds the mountain is full of many herbs. He doesn't know which one to take. So, he lifts the entire Himalayan mountain and carries it across India to Lanka for Lakshmana. His immense strength thus helps Lakshmana recover from his wound. This legend is the popular basis for the iconography where he is shown flying and carrying a mountain on his palm.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord/intersesting ]
[ Wikipedia/wik/hanuman ]
[ Dollsofindia/libary ]
[ Ankurlearningsolution ]
Innovative: Hanuman is described as someone who constantly faces very difficult odds, where the adversary or circumstances threaten his mission with certain defeat and his very existence. Yet he finds an innovative way to turn the odds. For example, after he finds Sita, delivers Rama's message, and persuades her that he is indeed Rama's true messenger, he is discovered by the prison guards. They arrest Hanuman, and under Ravana's orders take him to a public execution. There, the Ravana's guards begin his torture, tie his tail with oiled cloth and put it on fire. Hanuman then leaps, jumps from one palace rooftop to another, thus burning everything down.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Indiamarthanuman printer ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Google book?isbn=8184247613 ]
[ Googlebook?isbn=9384225762 ]
[ Allabuotoutdoor/news ]
Bhakti: Hanuman is presented as the exemplary devotee (bhakta) of Rama and Sita. The Hindu texts such as the Bhagavata Purana, the Bhakta Mala, the Ananda Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas present him as someone who is talented, strong, brave and spiritually devoted to Rama. The Rama stories such as the Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas, in turn themselves, present the Hindu dharmic concept of the ideal, virtuous and compassionate man (Rama) and woman (Sita) thereby providing the context for attributes assigned therein for Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Youtubev=d7gj0z6ib7e ]
[ Youtubev=aetfvqonfv8 ]
[ Youtubev=y180b9qilml ]
[ Youtubev=xpnhiseop ]
[ Bhaktigaane ]
Learned Yogi: In the late medieval texts and thereafter, such as those by Tulasidas, attributes of Hanuman include learned in Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism, the Vedas, a poet, a polymath, a grammarian, a singer and musician par excellence.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanumanwiki ]
[ Exoticidimart/hanuman ]
[ Gaia/article/hanuman ]
[ dlsq/religious ]
[ Google ]
Ramayana: The Sundara Kanda, the fifth book in the Ramayana, focuses on Hanuman. Hanuman meets Rama in the last year the latter's 14-year exile, after the demon king Ravana had kidnapped Sita. With his brother Lakshmana, Rama is searching for his wife Sita. This, and related Rama legends are the most extensive stories about Hanuman.
Numerous versions of the Ramayana exist within India. These present variant legends of Hanuman, Rama, Sita, Lakshamana and Ravana. The characters and their descriptions vary, in some cases quite significantly.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman/blog ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Amazon/hanuman ]
[ Hinduismstackexhange ]
[ Youtube ]
Mahabharata: The Mahabharata is another major epic which has a short mention of Hanuman. In Book 3, the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata, he is presented as a half brother of Bhima, who meets him accidentally on his way to Mount Kailasha. A man of extraordinary strength, Bhima is unable to move Hanuman's tail, making him realize and acknowledge the strength of Hanuman. This story attests to the ancient chronology of the Hanuman character. It is also a part of artwork and reliefs such as those at the Vijayanagara ruins.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Speaking tree/mysterious ]
[ Boldsky ]
[ Quora ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Youtubev=kmh ]
Other literature: Apart from Ramayana and Mahabharata, Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts. Some of these stories add to his adventures mentioned in the earlier epics, while others tell alternative stories of his life. The Skanda Purana mentions Hanuman in Rameswaram.
In a South Indian version of Shiva Purana, Hanuman is described as the son of Shiva and Mohini (the female avatar of Vishnu), or alternatively his mythology has been linked to or merged with the origin of Swami Ayyappa who is popular in parts of South India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Radhaswami/video ]
[ Purebhakti ]
[ Radhaswami net/09:009 ]
[ Youtube ]
[Watch youtube ]
Buddhism: Hanuman appears with a Buddhist gloss in Tibetan (southwest China) and Khotanese (west China, central Asia and northern Iran) versions of Ramayana. The Khotanese versions have a Jataka tales like theme, but are generally similar to the Hindu texts in the story line and in the character of Hanuman. The Tibetan version is more embellished, and without attempts to put a Jataka gloss. Further, in Tibetan version, novel elements appear such as where Hanuman carries love letters between Rama and Sita in addition to the Hindu version where Rama sends with him the wedding ring as a message to Sita. Further, in Tibetan version, Rama chides Hanuman for not corresponding with him through letters more often implying that the monkey-messenger and warrior is a learned being who can read and write letters.
In Sri Lankan version of Ramayana, which are titled after Ravana, the story is less melodramatic than the Indian versions. Many of the bravery and innovativeness legends relating to Hanuman are found in Sinhala versions, the characters have Buddhist themes, and lack the embedded ethics and values structure according to Hindu dharma. According to Hera Walker, some Sinhalese communities seek the aid of Hanuman through prayers to his mother. In Chinese Buddhist texts, states Arthur Cotterall, myths mention meeting of the Buddha with Hanuman, as well as Hanuman's great triumphs. According to Rosalind Lefeber, the arrival of Hanuman in East Asian Buddhist text may trace its roots to the translation of Ramayana into Chinese and Tibetan in 6th-century CE.
In both China and Japan, according to Lutgendorf, much like India there is a lack of a radical divide between humans and animals, with all living beings and nature assumed to be related to humans. There is no exaltation of humans over animals or nature, unlike the Western traditions. Divine monkey has been a part of the historic literature and culture of China and Japan, possibly influenced by the close cultural contact through Buddhist monks and pilgrimage to India over two millennia. For example, the Japanese text Keiranshuyoshu, while presenting its mythology about divine monkey, that is the theriomorphic Shinto emblem of Hie shrines, describes a flying white monkey that carries a mountain from India to China, then from China to Japan. Many Japanese shrines and village boundaries, dated to be from 8th to 14th centuries, feature monkey deity as guardians or intermediaries between the humans and the gods.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Buddhagarden ]
[ Wikihanuman ]
[ Dharmawheel ]
[ Easternspriuallty ]
[ Britanica ]
Jainism: Main articles: Rama in Jainism and Salakapurusa
Paumacariya (also known as Pauma Chariu or Padmacharit), the Jain version of Ramayana written by Vimalasuri, mentions Hanuman not as a divine monkey, but as a Vidyadhara (a supernatural being, demigod in Jain cosmology). He is the son of Pavangati (wind deity) and Anjana Sundari. Anjana gives birth to Hanuman in a forest cave, after being banished by her in-laws. Her maternal uncle rescues her from the forest; while boarding his vimana, Anjana accidentally drops her baby on a rock. However, the baby remains uninjured while the rock is shattered. The baby is raised in Hanuruha, his great uncle's island kingdom, from which Hanuman gets his name. Hanuman's strength is not his own achievement, but attributed to his mother's asceticism. In Jain texts, Hanuman is depicted as the 17th of 24 Kamadevas, the one who is ultimately handsome.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Jainismworld ]
[ Indiaforum ]
[ Enyclopedia ]
[ Wikipedia Rama inJainism ]
[ Hindu ]
Sikhism: In Sikhism, Hindu god Rama has been referred to as Sri Ram Chandar, and the story of Hanuman as a siddha has been influential. After the birth of martial Sikh Khalsa movement in 1699, during the 18th and 19th century, Hanuman was an inspiration and object of reverence by the Khalsa. Some Khalsa regiments brought along Hanuman image to the battle ground. The Sikh texts such as Hanuman Natak composed by Hirda Ram Bhalla, and Das Gur Katha by Kavi Kankan describe the heroic deeds of Hanuman. According to Louis Fenech, the Sikh tradition states that Guru Gobind Singh was a fond reader of the Hanuman Natak text.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Sikhnet ]
[ Sikhiwiki/index ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Info/page ]
[ Quora ]
Southeast Asian texts: The non-Indian versions of Ramayana, such as the Thai Ramakien, mention that Hanuman had relationships with multiple women, including Svayamprabha, Benjakaya (Vibhisana's daughter), Suvannamaccha and even Ravana's wife Mandodari. According to these versions of the Ramayana, Macchanu is son of Hanuman borne by Suvannamaccha, daughter of Ravana. The Jain text Paumacariya mentions that Hanuman married Lankasundari, the daughter of Lanka's chief defender Bajramukha.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Survannmaccha ]
[ Googleid? ]
[ Google book ]
[ Googlebook? ]
[ Britanica/hanuman ]
Significance and influence : Hanuman became more important in the medieval period and came to be portrayed as the ideal devotee (bhakta) of Rama. Hanuman's life, devotion, celibacy and strength inspired wrestlers in India.
According to Philip Lutgendorf, devotionalism to Hanuman and his theological significance emerged long after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE. His prominence grew after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. He is viewed as the ideal combination of shakti ("strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence") and bhakti ("loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama"). Beyond wrestlers, he has been the patron god of other martial arts. He is stated to be a gifted grammarian, meditating yogi and diligent scholar. He exemplifies the human excellences of temperance, faith and service to a cause.
In 17th-century north and western regions of India, Hanuman emerged as an expression of resistance and dedication against Islamic persecution. For example, the bhakti poet-saint Ramdas presented Hanuman as a symbol of Marathi nationalism and resistance to Mughal Empire.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindukjaruti ]
[ Hinduwebsite ]
[ Exoticindiamart/article/hanuman ]
[ Scoopwhoop ]
[ Googlebook ]
Iconography:
Hanuman's iconography shows him either with other central characters of the Ramayana or by himself. If with Rama and Sita, he is shown to the right of Rama, as a devotee bowing or kneeling before them with a Namaste (Anjali Hasta) posture. If alone, he carries weapons such as a big Gada (mace) and thunderbolt (vajra), sometimes in a scene reminiscent of a scene from his life.
In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been common. He is typically shown with Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, near or in Vaishnavism temples, as well as by himself usually opening his chest to symbolically show images of Rama and Sita near his heart. He is also popular among the followers of Shaivism.
In north India, aniconic representation of Hanuman such as a round stone has been in use by yogi, as a means to help focus on the abstract asSpects of him.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Es.scribed/document ]
[ Documentshanuman ]
[ Wikipedia ]
[ Pinterest ]
[ Book ]
Temples and shrines: Hanuman is often worshipped along with Rama and Sita of Vaishnavism, sometimes independently. There are numerous statues to celebrate or temples to worship Hanuman all over India. In some regions, he is considered as an avatar of Shiva, the focus of Shaivism.According to a review by Lutgendorf, some scholars state that the earliest Hanuman murtis appeared in the 8th-century, but verifiable evidence of Hanuman images and inscriptions appear in the 10th century in Indian monasteries in central and north India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Workthrougfh ]
[ Tourmyindia ]
[ Tourmyindia/blog ]
[ Scoopwhoop/haunted ]
Festivals and celebrations:
Hanuman is a central character in the annual Ramlila celebrations in India, and seasonal dramatic arts in southeast Asia particularly Thailand, Bali and Java Indonesia. Ramlila is a dramatic folk re-enactment of the life of Rama according to the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana or secondary literature based on it such as the Ramcharitmanas. It particularly refers to the thousands of dramatic plays and dance events, that are staged during the annual autumn festival of Navratri in India. Hanuman is features in many parts of the folk enacted play of the legendary war between Good and Evil, with the celebrations climaxing in the Dussehra (Dasara, Vijayadashami) night festivities where the giant grotesque effigies of Evil such as of demon Ravana are burnt, typically with fireworks.
Hanuman's birthday is observed by some Hindus as Hanuman Jayanti. It falls in much of India in the traditional month of Chaitra in lunisolar Hindu calendar, which overlaps with March and April. However, in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Hanuman Jayanthi is observed in the regional Hindu month of Margazhi, which overlaps with December and January. The festive day is observed with devotees gathering at Hanuman temples before sunrise, and day long spiritual recitations and story reading about the victory of good over evil.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman ]
[ Hanumanfestival ]
[ Hanumanfestivalhome revised ]
[ Hanumanfestival/resources ]
[ Hanumanfestival cause ]
Hanuman in Southeast Asia:
Cambodia: Hanuman is a revered heroic figure in Khmer history in southeast Asia. He features predominantly in the Reamker, a Cambodian epic poem, based on the Sanskrit's Ramayana epic.Intricate carvings on the walls of Angkor Wat depict scenes from the Ramayana including those of Hanuman.
In Cambodia and many other parts of southeast Asia, mask dance and shadow theatre arts celebrate Hanuman with Ream (same as Rama of India). Hanuman is represented by a white mask.Particularly popular in southeast Asian theatre are Hanuman's accomplishments as a martial artist and as an amorous seducer of women, in interpolated plays that are missing from most versions of the Indian Ramayana.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediareamker ]
[ Hanumanwiki/org ]
[ Business ]
[ Booksgooglebooks ]
Indonesia: Hanuman is the central character in many of the historic dance and drama art works such as Wayang Wong found in Hindu communities of Bali Indonesia. These performance arts can be traced to at least the 10th century. He has been popular, along with the local versions of Ramayana in other islands of Indonesia such as Java.
In major medieval era Hindu temples, archeological sites and manuscripts discovered in Indonesian and Malay islands, Hanuman features prominently along with Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Vishvamitra and Sugriva. The most studied and detailed relief artworks are found in Candi Panataran and Prambanan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Rreamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Business ]
[ Googlebooks ]
Thailand: Hanuman has been a historic and popular character of Ramakien in Thai culture. He appears wearing a crown on his head and armor. He is depicted as an albino white, strong character with open mouth in action, sometimes shown carrying a trident. In Ramkien, Hanuman is a devoted soldier of Rama. Unlike in Indian adaptations, he is not celibate, and he is presented as a ladies man, according to Paula Richman. He meets the mermaid Suvannamaccha and the couple have a son. Hanuman plays a dominant role in the Thai version of the Ramayana epic.
Like the Indian tradition, Hanuman is the patron of martial arts and an example of courage, fortitude and excellence in Thailand.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikkipedia/org/reamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Businees ]
[ Googlebooks ]
References:
George M. Williams (2008). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2.
Jump up ^ Brian A. Hatcher (2015). Hinduism in the Modern World. Routledge. ISBN 9781135046309.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibek Debroy (2012). The Mahabharata: Volume 3. Penguin Books. pp. 184 with footnote 686. ISBN 978-0-14-310015-7.
Jump up ^ "Hanuman", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-415-93919-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wendy Doniger, Hanuman: Hindu mythology, Encyclopaedia Britannica; For a summary of the Chinese text, see Xiyouji: NOVEL BY WU CHENG’EN
^ Jump up to: a b Susan Whitfield; Ursula Sims-Williams (2004). The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith. Serindia Publications. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-932476-13-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
^ Jump up to: a b J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1310–1311. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c Catherine Ludvik (1994). Hanumān in the Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki and the Rāmacaritamānasa of Tulasī Dāsa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 2–9. ISBN 978-81-208-1122-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Paula Richman (2010), Review: Lutgendorf, Philip's Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey, The Journal of Asian Studies; Vol 69, Issue 4 (Nov 2010), pages 1287-1288.
Jayant Lele (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 90-04-06370-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–32, 116, 257–259, 388–391. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Lutgendorf, Philip (1997). "Monkey in the Middle: The Status of Hanuman in Popular Hinduism". Religion. Routledge. 27 (4): 311–332. doi:10.1006/reli.1997.0095.
Jump up ^ Lutgendorf, Philip (1994). "My Hanuman Is Bigger Than Yours". History of Religions. University of Chicago Press. 33 (3): 211–245. doi:10.1086/463367.
Jump up ^ H. S. Walker (1998), Indigenous or Foreign? A Look at the Origins of the Monkey Hero Sun Wukong, Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 81. September 1998, Editor: Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania
Jump up ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri; Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri (2005). Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography. Mittal Publications. p. 45. ISBN 978-81-8324-026-0.
Jump up ^ J.H. Maronier (2013). Pictures of the Tropics: A Catalogue of Drawings, Water-Colours, Paintings and Sculptures in the Collection of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology in Leiden. Springer. p. 127. ISBN 978-94-017-6643-2.
Jump up ^ R. V. R. Murthy (2005). Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Development and Decentralization. Mittal Publications. p. 20. ISBN 978-81-8324-049-9.
Jump up ^ Uta Gärtner (1994). Tradition and Modernity in Myanmar. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 317. ISBN 978-3-8258-2186-9.
Jump up ^ Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5.
Jump up ^ Marijke Klokke (2006). Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-979-26-2499-1.
Jump up ^ Eugenio Barba; Nicola Savarese (2011). A Dictionary of Theatre Anthropology: The Secret Art of the Performer. Taylor & Francis. pp. 77 with Fig 13. ISBN 978-1-135-17635-8.
Jump up ^ ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.८६, Rigveda, Wikisource
^ Jump up to: a b c Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 23-25
Jump up ^ Legend of Ram–Retold. PublishAmerica. pp. 56–. ISBN 978-1-4512-2350-7.
Jump up ^ Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 22-23
Jump up ^ Nanditha Krishna (1 January 2010). Sacred Animals of India. Penguin Books India. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-0-14-306619-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Camille Bulcke; Dineśvara Prasāda (2010). Rāmakathā and Other Essays. Vani Prakashan. pp. 117–126. ISBN 978-93-5000-107-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Swami Parmeshwaranand. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas, Volume 1. Sarup & Sons. pp. 411–. ISBN 978-81-7625-226-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Diana L. Eck (1991). Devotion divine, Bhakti traditions from the regions of India: studies in honour of Charlotte Vaudeville. Egbert Forsten. pp. 69, 62–67. ISBN 978-90-6980-045-5., Quote: "Giving up his Rudra form, Lord Shiva as Hanuman adopted a monkey figure, only in view of his affection for Rama."
0 notes
Text
Sri Hanuman Chalisa
Doha
Shri Guru Charan Sarooja-raj Nija manu Mukura Sudhaari
Baranau Rahubhara Bimala Yasha Jo Dayaka Phala Chari
Budhee-Heen Thanu Jannikay Sumirow Pavana Kumara
Bala-Budhee Vidya Dehoo Mohee Harahu Kalesha Vikaara
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE:
] MAHARAJ HANUMAN ]
[ Video ]
[ Vedsutra hanuman ]
[ Hanuman chalisa blogspot ]
[ Speaking tree/these ]
Chopai
Jai Hanuman gyan gun sagar
Jai Kapis tihun lok ujagar
Ram doot atulit bal dhama
Anjaani-putra Pavan sut nama
Mahabir Bikram Bajrangi
Kumati nivar sumati Ke sangi
Kanchan varan viraj subesa
Kanan Kundal Kunchit Kesha
Hath Vajra Aur Dhuvaje Viraje
Kaandhe moonj janehu sajaiSankar suvan kesri Nandan
Tej prataap maha jag vandan
Vidyavaan guni ati chatur
Ram kaj karibe ko aatur
Prabu charitra sunibe-ko rasiya
Ram Lakhan Sita man Basiya
Sukshma roop dhari Siyahi dikhava
Vikat roop dhari lank jarava
Bhima roop dhari asur sanghare
Ramachandra ke kaj sanvare
Laye Sanjivan Lakhan Jiyaye
Shri Raghuvir Harashi ur laye
Raghupati Kinhi bahut badai
Tum mam priye Bharat-hi-sam bhai
Sahas badan tumharo yash gaave
Asa-kahi Shripati kanth lagaave
Sankadhik Brahmaadi Muneesa
Narad-Sarad sahit Aheesa
Yam Kuber Digpaal Jahan teav
i kovid kahi sake kahan te
Tum upkar Sugreevahin keenha
Ram milaye rajpad deenha
Tumharo mantra Vibheeshan maana
Lankeshwar Bhaye Sub jag jana
Yug sahastra jojan par Bhanu
Leelyo tahi madhur phal janu
Prabhu mudrika meli mukh mahee
Jaladhi langhi gaye achraj nahee
Durgaam kaj jagath ke jete
Sugam anugraha tumhre tete
Ram dwaare tum rakhvare
Hoat na agya binu paisare
Sub sukh lahae tumhari sar na
Tum rakshak kahu ko dar naa
Aapan tej samharo aapai
Teenhon lok hank te kanpai
Bhoot pisaach Nikat nahin aavai
Mahavir jab naam sunavae
Nase rog harae sab peera
Japat nirantar Hanumant beera
Sankat se Hanuman chudavae
Man Karam Vachan dyan jo lavai
Sab par Ram tapasvee raja
Tin ke kaj sakal Tum saja
Aur manorath jo koi lavai
Sohi amit jeevan phal pavai
Charon Yug partap tumhara
Hai persidh jagat ujiyara
Sadhu Sant ke tum Rakhware
Asur nikandan Ram dulhare
Ashta-sidhi nav nidhi ke dhata
As-var deen Janki mata
Ram rasayan tumhare pasa
Sada raho Raghupati ke dasa
Tumhare bhajan Ram ko pavai
Janam-janam ke dukh bisraavai
Anth-kaal Raghuvir pur jayee
Jahan janam Hari-Bakht Kahayee
Aur Devta Chit na dharehi
Hanumanth se hi sarve sukh karehi
Sankat kate-mite sab peera
Jo sumirai Hanumat Balbeera
Jai Jai Jai Hanuman Gosahin
Kripa Karahu Gurudev ki nyahin
Jo sat bar path kare kohi
Chutehi bandhi maha sukh hohi
Jo yah padhe Hanuman Chalisa
Hoye siddhi sakhi Gaureesa
Tulsidas sada hari chera
Keejai Nath Hridaye mein dera
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindiastroyogi ]
[ Watchyoutubev=ulf2bj ]
[ Watchyoutubev=nr18coa ]
[ Raagtunes ]
[ Khabarindiatv ]
Doha
Pavan Tanay Sankat Harana
Mangala Murati Roop
Ram Lakhana Sita Sahita
Hriday Basahu Soor Bhoop
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maharaj Hanuman ]
[ Watchyoutubev=cblgjbeq ]
[ VedsutraHnuman chalisa ]
[ Hanuman chalisa bhajan ]
[ Speaking tree ].
Meaning: The Hanuman Chalisa (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː]; literally Forty chaupais on Hanuman) is a Hindu devotional hymn (stotra) addressed to Hanuman. ... Hanuman is a vanara (a monkey-like humanoid), a devotee of Ram, and one of the central characters in the Indian epic poem, the Ramayan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman ]
[ Speaking tree /blog meaning ]
[ The indianmythology ]
[ Watch youtubev=gjoe5gq ]
[ Hindiremedy/Hanuman ]
Who was Lord Hanuman?
Hanuman participated in Rama's war against the demon king Ravana. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. He is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Pawan, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
Hanuman ,(Sanskrit: हनुमान्) is an ardent devotee of Lord Rama and one of the central characters in the various versions of the epic Ramayana found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. As one of the Chiranjivi, he is also mentioned in several other texts, such as the Mahabharata the various Puranas and some Jain, Buddhist, and Sikh texts. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. Hanuman is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
His theological origins in Hinduism are unclear. Alternate theories include him having ancient roots, being a non-Aryan deity who was Sanskritized by the Vedic Aryans, or that he is a fusion deity who emerged in literary works from folk Yaksha protector deities and theological symbolism.
While Hanuman is one of the central characters in the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, the evidence of devotional worship to him is missing in the texts and archeological sites of ancient and most of the medieval period. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist known for his studies on Hanuman, the theological significance and devotional dedication to Hanuman emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas expressed Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been increasingly common. He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti. In later literature, he has been the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling, acrobatics, as well as meditation and diligent scholarship. He symbolizes the human excellences of inner self-control, faith and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like a monkey.
Besides being a popular deity in Hinduism, Hanuman is also found in Jainism and Buddhism. He is also a legendary character in legends and arts found outside Indian subcontinent such as in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia and Bali Indonesia. Outside India, Hanuman shares many characteristics with the Hindu versions in India, but differs in others. He is heroic, brave and steadfastly chaste, much like in the Sanskrit tradition, but not celibate. He marries and has children in other cultures, as is the case in a few regional versions in India. Hanuman is stated by scholars to be the inspiration for the allegory-filled adventures of a monkey hero in the Xiyouji (Journey to the West) – the great Chinese poetic novel influenced by the travels of Buddhist monk Xuanzang (602–664 CE) to India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman/org/wiki ]
[ Scoop whoop/inotheernew ]
[ Kasgar/god ]
[ Quora/how ]
[ Askgnesha/stories/hanuman/asp ]
Historical development:
Vedic roots:The earliest mention of a divine monkey, interpreted by some scholars as the proto-Hanuman, is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 1500 and 1200 BCE. The twenty three verses of the hymn is a metaphor and riddle filled legend. It is presented as a dialogue between multiple characters: god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Vrisakapi and his wife Kapi. The hymn opens with Indrani complaining to Indra that some of the soma offerings for Indra have been assigned to the energetic and strong monkey, and the people are forgetting Indra. The king of gods Indra responds by stating to his wife that the living being (monkey) that bothers her is to be seen as a friend, and that they should make an effort to be together in peace. The hymn closes with all agreeing that they should come together in Indra's house and share the wealth of offerings.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hnaman org /Hanuman ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa vednotesaspx ]
[ Astrojyoti Sankat mochan ]
[ Astrojyoti ]
This hymn, which includes an explicit discussion of sex and differences between species, has been interpreted in a number of ways by contemporary scholars. R.N. Dandekar states that it may metaphorically refer to another fertility god, while Wendy Doniger compares it to horse sacrifice. Stephanie Jamison states that the hymn mentions a bull-monkey, a euphemism for a horse and fertility ritual, very different from later era Hanuman. According to Philip Lutgendorf, there is "no convincing evidence for a monkey-worshipping cult in ancient India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maahiastro/abhi/Hanuman vedsutra ]
[ Astrojyoti/Sankatmochan ]
[ Atrojyoti ]
Tamil roots: The orientalist F. E. Pargiter (1852-1927) theorized that Hanuman was a proto-Dravidian deity. According to this theory, the name "Hanuman" derives from the Tamil word for male monkey (ana-mandi), first transformed to "Anumant" – a name which remains in use. "Anumant", according to this hypothesis, was later Sanskritized to "Hanuman" because the ancient Aryans confronted with a popular monkey deity of ancient Dravidians coopted the concept and then Sanskritized it. According to Murray Emeneau, known for his Tamil linguistic studies, this theory does not make sense because the Old Tamil word mandi in Caṅkam literature can only mean "female monkey", and Hanuman is male. Further, adds Emeneau, the compound ana-mandi makes no semantic sense in Tamil, which has well developed and sophisticated grammar and semantic rules. The "prominent jaw" etymology, according to Emeneau, is therefore plausible.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyourtubev=oferj;jz ]
[ Watchyoutubev=wqivcxoez8 ]
[ Saavn/tamilshri/Hanuman ]
[ Imgur/xjk5leb ]
[ Pinterest/pin/29097842598892092 ]
Epics and Puranas: Hanuman is mentioned in both the Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. A twentieth-century Jesuit missionary Camille Bulcke, in his Ramkatha: Utpatti Aur Vikas ("The tale of Rama: its origin and development"), proposed that Hanuman worship had its basis in the cults of aboriginal tribes of Central India.
Hanuman is mentioned in the Puranas. A medieval legend posited Hanuman as an avatar of the god Shiva by the 10th century CE (this development possibly started as early as in the 8th century CE). Hanuman is mentioned as an avatar of Shiva or Rudra in the medieval era Sanskrit texts like the Mahabhagvata Purana, the Skanda Purana, the Brhaddharma Purana and the Mahanataka among others. This development might have been a result of the Shavite attempts to insert their ishta devata (cherished deity) in the Vaishnavite texts.
Other mythologies, such as those found in South India, present Hanuman as a being who is the union of Shiva and Vishnu, or associated with the origin of Ayyappa. The 17th century Odia work Rasavinoda by Dinakrishnadasa goes on to mention that the three gods – Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva – combined to take to the form of Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyoutubev=f3wbngiamkc ]
[ Pinterest/pin/214554369718103316 ]
[ Pinerest/pin/31729273622422297 ]
[ Facebook/events/102949966704952 ]
[ Pinterest/rashmi112lord ]
Late medieval and modern era: In Valmiki's Ramayana, estimated to have been composed before or in about the 3rd century BCE, Hanuman is an important, creative character as a simian helper and messenger for Rama. The character evolved over time, reflecting regional cultural values. It is, however, in the late medieval era that his profile evolves into more central role and dominance as the exemplary spiritual devotee, particularly with the popular vernacular text Ramcharitmanas by Tulasidas . According to scholars such as Patrick Peebles and others, during a period of religious turmoil and Islamic rule of the Indian subcontinent, the Bhakti movement and devotionalism-oriented Bhakti yoga had emerged as a major trend in Hindu culture by the 16th-century, and the Ramcharitmanas presented Rama as a Vishnu avatar, supreme being and a personal god worthy of devotion, with Hanuman as the ideal loving devotee with legendary courage, strength and powers.
Hanuman evolved and emerged in this era as the ideal combination of shakti and bhakti. Stories and folk traditions in and after the 17th century, began to reformulate and present Hanuman as a divine being, as a descendent of deities, and as an avatar of Shiva. He emerged as a champion of those religiously persecuted, expressing resistance, a yogi, an inspiration for martial artists and warriors, character with less fur and increasingly human symbolizing cherished virtues and internal values worthy of devotion in his own right. Hindu monks morphed into soldiers, and they named their organizations after Hanuman.This evolution of Hanuman's character, religious and cultural role as well as his iconography continued through the colonial era and in post-colonial times.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Devdutt/articles/applied/queer ]
[ Columbia/its/mealac/prichett ]
[ Wikivisually/wiki/hanuman ]
[ exoticidiart/Mahavir ]
[ Ncbi/nih/ ]
Birth: In Indian mythology, Hanuman was born to Anjana and father Kesari.Hanuman is also called the son of the deity Vayu (Wind god, himself the son of Vishnu) because of legends associated with Vayu's role in Hanuman's birth. One story mentioned in Eknath's Bhavartha Ramayana (16th century CE) states that when Anjana was worshiping Shiva, the King Dasharatha of Ayodhya was also performing the ritual of Putrakama yagna in order to have children. As a result, he received some sacred pudding (payasam) to be shared by his three wives, leading to the births of Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. By divine ordinance, a kite snatched a fragment of that pudding and dropped it while flying over the forest where Anjana was engaged in worship. Vayu, the Hindu deity of the wind, delivered the falling pudding to the outstretched hands of Anjana, who consumed it. Hanuman was born to her as a result.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Quora/what ]
[ Speaking tree/alsiides/birth ]
[ Site google/site/hanumanstale ]
[ Apnisanskriti ]
[ Scoopwhoopinothernews ]
Childhood: According to Valmiki's Ramayana, one morning in his childhood, Hanuman was hungry and saw the rising red colored sun. Mistaking it for a ripe fruit, he leapt up to eat it. In one version of the Hindu legend, the king of gods Indra intervened and struck his thunderbolt. It hit Hanuman on his jaw, and he fell to the earth unconscious with a broken jaw. His father, Vayu (air), states Ramayana in section 4.65, became upset and withdrew. The lack of air created immense suffering to all living beings. This led Prajapati, the god of life, to intervene and resuscitate Hanuman, which in turn prompted Vayu to return to the living beings.
In another Hindu version of his childhood legend, which Lutgendorf states is likely older and also found in Jain texts such as the 8th-century Dhurtakhyana, after Hanuman's Icarus like leap for the sun, it proves to be fatal and he is burnt to ashes from sun's heat. His ashes fall onto the earth and oceans.Gods then gather the ashes and his bones from land and, with the help of fishes, from the water and re-assemble him. They find everything except one fragment of his jaw bone. His great grandfather on his mother's side then asks Surya to restore the child to life. Surya returns him to life, but Hanuman is left with a disfigured jaw.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ kinsgen/fable and fairytale ]
[ Sanatansocietyorg/indians ]
[ Balagokulam/kids/stories ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lords ]
[ Cybestro/articles/lord ]
Attributes:
Chiranjivi (immortal): various versions of Ramayana and Rama Katha state towards their end, just before Rama and Lakshmana die, that Hanuman is blessed to be immortal. He will be a part of humanity forever, while the story of Rama lives on.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediaorg/chiranjvi ]
[ Quora/who ]
[ Hinduism/question ]
[ Speaking tree/.asllides/hanuman ]
[ Speakingtree /lord ]
Kurūp and Sundar: he is described in Hindu texts as kurūp (ugly) on the outside, but divinely sundar (beautiful inside).
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Google/book/isbn=9352784251 ]
[ Youtubev=y;n5wbj6umm ]
[ Google books ]
[ Watchyoutubev=xodlbrssh ]
[ Wikipedia/wiki/sundrakanda ]
Kama-rupin: He can shape shift, become smaller than the smallest, larger than the largest adversary at will. He uses this attribute to shrink and enter Lanka, as he searches for the kidnapped Sita imprisoned in Lanka. Later on, he takes on the size of a mountain, blazing with radiance, to show his true power to Sita.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia/hanuman ]
[ Kasgar ]
[ Drmichaelamas/god ]
[ Busindia ]
[ Accollegemendara ]
Strength: Hanuman is extraordinarily strong, one capable of lifting and carrying any burden for a cause. He is called Vira, Mahavira, Mahabala and other names signifying this attribute of his. During the epic war between Rama and Ravana, Rama's brother Lakshmana is wounded. He can only be healed and his death prevented by a herb found in a particular Himalayan mountain. Hanuman leaps and finds the mountain. There, states Ramayana, Hanuman finds the mountain is full of many herbs. He doesn't know which one to take. So, he lifts the entire Himalayan mountain and carries it across India to Lanka for Lakshmana. His immense strength thus helps Lakshmana recover from his wound. This legend is the popular basis for the iconography where he is shown flying and carrying a mountain on his palm.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord/intersesting ]
[ Wikipedia/wik/hanuman ]
[ Dollsofindia/libary ]
[ Ankurlearningsolution ]
Innovative: Hanuman is described as someone who constantly faces very difficult odds, where the adversary or circumstances threaten his mission with certain defeat and his very existence. Yet he finds an innovative way to turn the odds. For example, after he finds Sita, delivers Rama's message, and persuades her that he is indeed Rama's true messenger, he is discovered by the prison guards. They arrest Hanuman, and under Ravana's orders take him to a public execution. There, the Ravana's guards begin his torture, tie his tail with oiled cloth and put it on fire. Hanuman then leaps, jumps from one palace rooftop to another, thus burning everything down.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Indiamarthanuman printer ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Google book?isbn=8184247613 ]
[ Googlebook?isbn=9384225762 ]
[ Allabuotoutdoor/news ]
Bhakti: Hanuman is presented as the exemplary devotee (bhakta) of Rama and Sita. The Hindu texts such as the Bhagavata Purana, the Bhakta Mala, the Ananda Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas present him as someone who is talented, strong, brave and spiritually devoted to Rama. The Rama stories such as the Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas, in turn themselves, present the Hindu dharmic concept of the ideal, virtuous and compassionate man (Rama) and woman (Sita) thereby providing the context for attributes assigned therein for Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Youtubev=d7gj0z6ib7e ]
[ Youtubev=aetfvqonfv8 ]
[ Youtubev=y180b9qilml ]
[ Youtubev=xpnhiseop ]
[ Bhaktigaane ]
Learned Yogi: In the late medieval texts and thereafter, such as those by Tulasidas, attributes of Hanuman include learned in Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism, the Vedas, a poet, a polymath, a grammarian, a singer and musician par excellence.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanumanwiki ]
[ Exoticidimart/hanuman ]
[ Gaia/article/hanuman ]
[ dlsq/religious ]
[ Google ]
Ramayana: The Sundara Kanda, the fifth book in the Ramayana, focuses on Hanuman. Hanuman meets Rama in the last year the latter's 14-year exile, after the demon king Ravana had kidnapped Sita. With his brother Lakshmana, Rama is searching for his wife Sita. This, and related Rama legends are the most extensive stories about Hanuman.
Numerous versions of the Ramayana exist within India. These present variant legends of Hanuman, Rama, Sita, Lakshamana and Ravana. The characters and their descriptions vary, in some cases quite significantly.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman/blog ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Amazon/hanuman ]
[ Hinduismstackexhange ]
[ Youtube ]
Mahabharata: The Mahabharata is another major epic which has a short mention of Hanuman. In Book 3, the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata, he is presented as a half brother of Bhima, who meets him accidentally on his way to Mount Kailasha. A man of extraordinary strength, Bhima is unable to move Hanuman's tail, making him realize and acknowledge the strength of Hanuman. This story attests to the ancient chronology of the Hanuman character. It is also a part of artwork and reliefs such as those at the Vijayanagara ruins.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Speaking tree/mysterious ]
[ Boldsky ]
[ Quora ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Youtubev=kmh ]
Other literature: Apart from Ramayana and Mahabharata, Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts. Some of these stories add to his adventures mentioned in the earlier epics, while others tell alternative stories of his life. The Skanda Purana mentions Hanuman in Rameswaram.
In a South Indian version of Shiva Purana, Hanuman is described as the son of Shiva and Mohini (the female avatar of Vishnu), or alternatively his mythology has been linked to or merged with the origin of Swami Ayyappa who is popular in parts of South India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Radhaswami/video ]
[ Purebhakti ]
[ Radhaswami net/09:009 ]
[ Youtube ]
[Watch youtube ]
Buddhism: Hanuman appears with a Buddhist gloss in Tibetan (southwest China) and Khotanese (west China, central Asia and northern Iran) versions of Ramayana. The Khotanese versions have a Jataka tales like theme, but are generally similar to the Hindu texts in the story line and in the character of Hanuman. The Tibetan version is more embellished, and without attempts to put a Jataka gloss. Further, in Tibetan version, novel elements appear such as where Hanuman carries love letters between Rama and Sita in addition to the Hindu version where Rama sends with him the wedding ring as a message to Sita. Further, in Tibetan version, Rama chides Hanuman for not corresponding with him through letters more often implying that the monkey-messenger and warrior is a learned being who can read and write letters.
In Sri Lankan version of Ramayana, which are titled after Ravana, the story is less melodramatic than the Indian versions. Many of the bravery and innovativeness legends relating to Hanuman are found in Sinhala versions, the characters have Buddhist themes, and lack the embedded ethics and values structure according to Hindu dharma. According to Hera Walker, some Sinhalese communities seek the aid of Hanuman through prayers to his mother. In Chinese Buddhist texts, states Arthur Cotterall, myths mention meeting of the Buddha with Hanuman, as well as Hanuman's great triumphs. According to Rosalind Lefeber, the arrival of Hanuman in East Asian Buddhist text may trace its roots to the translation of Ramayana into Chinese and Tibetan in 6th-century CE.
In both China and Japan, according to Lutgendorf, much like India there is a lack of a radical divide between humans and animals, with all living beings and nature assumed to be related to humans. There is no exaltation of humans over animals or nature, unlike the Western traditions. Divine monkey has been a part of the historic literature and culture of China and Japan, possibly influenced by the close cultural contact through Buddhist monks and pilgrimage to India over two millennia. For example, the Japanese text Keiranshuyoshu, while presenting its mythology about divine monkey, that is the theriomorphic Shinto emblem of Hie shrines, describes a flying white monkey that carries a mountain from India to China, then from China to Japan. Many Japanese shrines and village boundaries, dated to be from 8th to 14th centuries, feature monkey deity as guardians or intermediaries between the humans and the gods.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Buddhagarden ]
[ Wikihanuman ]
[ Dharmawheel ]
[ Easternspriuallty ]
[ Britanica ]
Jainism: Main articles: Rama in Jainism and Salakapurusa
Paumacariya (also known as Pauma Chariu or Padmacharit), the Jain version of Ramayana written by Vimalasuri, mentions Hanuman not as a divine monkey, but as a Vidyadhara (a supernatural being, demigod in Jain cosmology). He is the son of Pavangati (wind deity) and Anjana Sundari. Anjana gives birth to Hanuman in a forest cave, after being banished by her in-laws. Her maternal uncle rescues her from the forest; while boarding his vimana, Anjana accidentally drops her baby on a rock. However, the baby remains uninjured while the rock is shattered. The baby is raised in Hanuruha, his great uncle's island kingdom, from which Hanuman gets his name. Hanuman's strength is not his own achievement, but attributed to his mother's asceticism. In Jain texts, Hanuman is depicted as the 17th of 24 Kamadevas, the one who is ultimately handsome.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Jainismworld ]
[ Indiaforum ]
[ Enyclopedia ]
[ Wikipedia Rama inJainism ]
[ Hindu ]
Sikhism: In Sikhism, Hindu god Rama has been referred to as Sri Ram Chandar, and the story of Hanuman as a siddha has been influential. After the birth of martial Sikh Khalsa movement in 1699, during the 18th and 19th century, Hanuman was an inspiration and object of reverence by the Khalsa. Some Khalsa regiments brought along Hanuman image to the battle ground. The Sikh texts such as Hanuman Natak composed by Hirda Ram Bhalla, and Das Gur Katha by Kavi Kankan describe the heroic deeds of Hanuman. According to Louis Fenech, the Sikh tradition states that Guru Gobind Singh was a fond reader of the Hanuman Natak text.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Sikhnet ]
[ Sikhiwiki/index ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Info/page ]
[ Quora ]
Southeast Asian texts: The non-Indian versions of Ramayana, such as the Thai Ramakien, mention that Hanuman had relationships with multiple women, including Svayamprabha, Benjakaya (Vibhisana's daughter), Suvannamaccha and even Ravana's wife Mandodari. According to these versions of the Ramayana, Macchanu is son of Hanuman borne by Suvannamaccha, daughter of Ravana. The Jain text Paumacariya mentions that Hanuman married Lankasundari, the daughter of Lanka's chief defender Bajramukha.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Survannmaccha ]
[ Googleid? ]
[ Google book ]
[ Googlebook? ]
[ Britanica/hanuman ]
Significance and influence : Hanuman became more important in the medieval period and came to be portrayed as the ideal devotee (bhakta) of Rama. Hanuman's life, devotion, celibacy and strength inspired wrestlers in India.
According to Philip Lutgendorf, devotionalism to Hanuman and his theological significance emerged long after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE. His prominence grew after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. He is viewed as the ideal combination of shakti ("strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence") and bhakti ("loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama"). Beyond wrestlers, he has been the patron god of other martial arts. He is stated to be a gifted grammarian, meditating yogi and diligent scholar. He exemplifies the human excellences of temperance, faith and service to a cause.
In 17th-century north and western regions of India, Hanuman emerged as an expression of resistance and dedication against Islamic persecution. For example, the bhakti poet-saint Ramdas presented Hanuman as a symbol of Marathi nationalism and resistance to Mughal Empire.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindukjaruti ]
[ Hinduwebsite ]
[ Exoticindiamart/article/hanuman ]
[ Scoopwhoop ]
[ Googlebook ]
Iconography:
Hanuman's iconography shows him either with other central characters of the Ramayana or by himself. If with Rama and Sita, he is shown to the right of Rama, as a devotee bowing or kneeling before them with a Namaste (Anjali Hasta) posture. If alone, he carries weapons such as a big Gada (mace) and thunderbolt (vajra), sometimes in a scene reminiscent of a scene from his life.
In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been common. He is typically shown with Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, near or in Vaishnavism temples, as well as by himself usually opening his chest to symbolically show images of Rama and Sita near his heart. He is also popular among the followers of Shaivism.
In north India, aniconic representation of Hanuman such as a round stone has been in use by yogi, as a means to help focus on the abstract asSpects of him.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Es.scribed/document ]
[ Documentshanuman ]
[ Wikipedia ]
[ Pinterest ]
[ Book ]
Temples and shrines: Hanuman is often worshipped along with Rama and Sita of Vaishnavism, sometimes independently. There are numerous statues to celebrate or temples to worship Hanuman all over India. In some regions, he is considered as an avatar of Shiva, the focus of Shaivism.According to a review by Lutgendorf, some scholars state that the earliest Hanuman murtis appeared in the 8th-century, but verifiable evidence of Hanuman images and inscriptions appear in the 10th century in Indian monasteries in central and north India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Workthrougfh ]
[ Tourmyindia ]
[ Tourmyindia/blog ]
[ Scoopwhoop/haunted ]
Festivals and celebrations:
Hanuman is a central character in the annual Ramlila celebrations in India, and seasonal dramatic arts in southeast Asia particularly Thailand, Bali and Java Indonesia. Ramlila is a dramatic folk re-enactment of the life of Rama according to the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana or secondary literature based on it such as the Ramcharitmanas. It particularly refers to the thousands of dramatic plays and dance events, that are staged during the annual autumn festival of Navratri in India. Hanuman is features in many parts of the folk enacted play of the legendary war between Good and Evil, with the celebrations climaxing in the Dussehra (Dasara, Vijayadashami) night festivities where the giant grotesque effigies of Evil such as of demon Ravana are burnt, typically with fireworks.
Hanuman's birthday is observed by some Hindus as Hanuman Jayanti. It falls in much of India in the traditional month of Chaitra in lunisolar Hindu calendar, which overlaps with March and April. However, in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Hanuman Jayanthi is observed in the regional Hindu month of Margazhi, which overlaps with December and January. The festive day is observed with devotees gathering at Hanuman temples before sunrise, and day long spiritual recitations and story reading about the victory of good over evil.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman ]
[ Hanumanfestival ]
[ Hanumanfestivalhome revised ]
[ Hanumanfestival/resources ]
[ Hanumanfestival cause ]
Hanuman in Southeast Asia:
Cambodia: Hanuman is a revered heroic figure in Khmer history in southeast Asia. He features predominantly in the Reamker, a Cambodian epic poem, based on the Sanskrit's Ramayana epic.Intricate carvings on the walls of Angkor Wat depict scenes from the Ramayana including those of Hanuman.
In Cambodia and many other parts of southeast Asia, mask dance and shadow theatre arts celebrate Hanuman with Ream (same as Rama of India). Hanuman is represented by a white mask.Particularly popular in southeast Asian theatre are Hanuman's accomplishments as a martial artist and as an amorous seducer of women, in interpolated plays that are missing from most versions of the Indian Ramayana.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediareamker ]
[ Hanumanwiki/org ]
[ Business ]
[ Booksgooglebooks ]
Indonesia: Hanuman is the central character in many of the historic dance and drama art works such as Wayang Wong found in Hindu communities of Bali Indonesia. These performance arts can be traced to at least the 10th century. He has been popular, along with the local versions of Ramayana in other islands of Indonesia such as Java.
In major medieval era Hindu temples, archeological sites and manuscripts discovered in Indonesian and Malay islands, Hanuman features prominently along with Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Vishvamitra and Sugriva. The most studied and detailed relief artworks are found in Candi Panataran and Prambanan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Rreamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Business ]
[ Googlebooks ]
Thailand: Hanuman has been a historic and popular character of Ramakien in Thai culture. He appears wearing a crown on his head and armor. He is depicted as an albino white, strong character with open mouth in action, sometimes shown carrying a trident. In Ramkien, Hanuman is a devoted soldier of Rama. Unlike in Indian adaptations, he is not celibate, and he is presented as a ladies man, according to Paula Richman. He meets the mermaid Suvannamaccha and the couple have a son. Hanuman plays a dominant role in the Thai version of the Ramayana epic.
Like the Indian tradition, Hanuman is the patron of martial arts and an example of courage, fortitude and excellence in Thailand.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikkipedia/org/reamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Businees ]
[ Googlebooks ]
References:
George M. Williams (2008). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2.
Jump up ^ Brian A. Hatcher (2015). Hinduism in the Modern World. Routledge. ISBN 9781135046309.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibek Debroy (2012). The Mahabharata: Volume 3. Penguin Books. pp. 184 with footnote 686. ISBN 978-0-14-310015-7.
Jump up ^ "Hanuman", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-415-93919-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wendy Doniger, Hanuman: Hindu mythology, Encyclopaedia Britannica; For a summary of the Chinese text, see Xiyouji: NOVEL BY WU CHENG’EN
^ Jump up to: a b Susan Whitfield; Ursula Sims-Williams (2004). The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith. Serindia Publications. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-932476-13-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
^ Jump up to: a b J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1310–1311. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c Catherine Ludvik (1994). Hanumān in the Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki and the Rāmacaritamānasa of Tulasī Dāsa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 2–9. ISBN 978-81-208-1122-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Paula Richman (2010), Review: Lutgendorf, Philip's Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey, The Journal of Asian Studies; Vol 69, Issue 4 (Nov 2010), pages 1287-1288.
Jayant Lele (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 90-04-06370-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–32, 116, 257–259, 388–391. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Lutgendorf, Philip (1997). "Monkey in the Middle: The Status of Hanuman in Popular Hinduism". Religion. Routledge. 27 (4): 311–332. doi:10.1006/reli.1997.0095.
Jump up ^ Lutgendorf, Philip (1994). "My Hanuman Is Bigger Than Yours". History of Religions. University of Chicago Press. 33 (3): 211–245. doi:10.1086/463367.
Jump up ^ H. S. Walker (1998), Indigenous or Foreign? A Look at the Origins of the Monkey Hero Sun Wukong, Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 81. September 1998, Editor: Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania
Jump up ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri; Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri (2005). Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography. Mittal Publications. p. 45. ISBN 978-81-8324-026-0.
Jump up ^ J.H. Maronier (2013). Pictures of the Tropics: A Catalogue of Drawings, Water-Colours, Paintings and Sculptures in the Collection of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology in Leiden. Springer. p. 127. ISBN 978-94-017-6643-2.
Jump up ^ R. V. R. Murthy (2005). Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Development and Decentralization. Mittal Publications. p. 20. ISBN 978-81-8324-049-9.
Jump up ^ Uta Gärtner (1994). Tradition and Modernity in Myanmar. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 317. ISBN 978-3-8258-2186-9.
Jump up ^ Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5.
Jump up ^ Marijke Klokke (2006). Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-979-26-2499-1.
Jump up ^ Eugenio Barba; Nicola Savarese (2011). A Dictionary of Theatre Anthropology: The Secret Art of the Performer. Taylor & Francis. pp. 77 with Fig 13. ISBN 978-1-135-17635-8.
Jump up ^ ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.८६, Rigveda, Wikisource
^ Jump up to: a b c Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 23-25
Jump up ^ Legend of Ram–Retold. PublishAmerica. pp. 56–. ISBN 978-1-4512-2350-7.
Jump up ^ Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 22-23
Jump up ^ Nanditha Krishna (1 January 2010). Sacred Animals of India. Penguin Books India. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-0-14-306619-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Camille Bulcke; Dineśvara Prasāda (2010). Rāmakathā and Other Essays. Vani Prakashan. pp. 117–126. ISBN 978-93-5000-107-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Swami Parmeshwaranand. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas, Volume 1. Sarup & Sons. pp. 411–. ISBN 978-81-7625-226-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Diana L. Eck (1991). Devotion divine, Bhakti traditions from the regions of India: studies in honour of Charlotte Vaudeville. Egbert Forsten. pp. 69, 62–67. ISBN 978-90-6980-045-5., Quote: "Giving up his Rudra form, Lord Shiva as Hanuman adopted a monkey figure, only in view of his affection for Rama."
0 notes
Text
Sri Hanuman Chalisa
Doha
Shri Guru Charan Sarooja-raj Nija manu Mukura Sudhaari
Baranau Rahubhara Bimala Yasha Jo Dayaka Phala Chari
Budhee-Heen Thanu Jannikay Sumirow Pavana Kumara
Bala-Budhee Vidya Dehoo Mohee Harahu Kalesha Vikaara
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE:
] MAHARAJ HANUMAN ]
[ Video ]
[ Vedsutra hanuman ]
[ Hanuman chalisa blogspot ]
[ Speaking tree/these ]
Chopai
Jai Hanuman gyan gun sagar
Jai Kapis tihun lok ujagar
Ram doot atulit bal dhama
Anjaani-putra Pavan sut nama
Mahabir Bikram Bajrangi
Kumati nivar sumati Ke sangi
Kanchan varan viraj subesa
Kanan Kundal Kunchit Kesha
Hath Vajra Aur Dhuvaje Viraje
Kaandhe moonj janehu sajaiSankar suvan kesri Nandan
Tej prataap maha jag vandan
Vidyavaan guni ati chatur
Ram kaj karibe ko aatur
Prabu charitra sunibe-ko rasiya
Ram Lakhan Sita man Basiya
Sukshma roop dhari Siyahi dikhava
Vikat roop dhari lank jarava
Bhima roop dhari asur sanghare
Ramachandra ke kaj sanvare
Laye Sanjivan Lakhan Jiyaye
Shri Raghuvir Harashi ur laye
Raghupati Kinhi bahut badai
Tum mam priye Bharat-hi-sam bhai
Sahas badan tumharo yash gaave
Asa-kahi Shripati kanth lagaave
Sankadhik Brahmaadi Muneesa
Narad-Sarad sahit Aheesa
Yam Kuber Digpaal Jahan teav
i kovid kahi sake kahan te
Tum upkar Sugreevahin keenha
Ram milaye rajpad deenha
Tumharo mantra Vibheeshan maana
Lankeshwar Bhaye Sub jag jana
Yug sahastra jojan par Bhanu
Leelyo tahi madhur phal janu
Prabhu mudrika meli mukh mahee
Jaladhi langhi gaye achraj nahee
Durgaam kaj jagath ke jete
Sugam anugraha tumhre tete
Ram dwaare tum rakhvare
Hoat na agya binu paisare
Sub sukh lahae tumhari sar na
Tum rakshak kahu ko dar naa
Aapan tej samharo aapai
Teenhon lok hank te kanpai
Bhoot pisaach Nikat nahin aavai
Mahavir jab naam sunavae
Nase rog harae sab peera
Japat nirantar Hanumant beera
Sankat se Hanuman chudavae
Man Karam Vachan dyan jo lavai
Sab par Ram tapasvee raja
Tin ke kaj sakal Tum saja
Aur manorath jo koi lavai
Sohi amit jeevan phal pavai
Charon Yug partap tumhara
Hai persidh jagat ujiyara
Sadhu Sant ke tum Rakhware
Asur nikandan Ram dulhare
Ashta-sidhi nav nidhi ke dhata
As-var deen Janki mata
Ram rasayan tumhare pasa
Sada raho Raghupati ke dasa
Tumhare bhajan Ram ko pavai
Janam-janam ke dukh bisraavai
Anth-kaal Raghuvir pur jayee
Jahan janam Hari-Bakht Kahayee
Aur Devta Chit na dharehi
Hanumanth se hi sarve sukh karehi
Sankat kate-mite sab peera
Jo sumirai Hanumat Balbeera
Jai Jai Jai Hanuman Gosahin
Kripa Karahu Gurudev ki nyahin
Jo sat bar path kare kohi
Chutehi bandhi maha sukh hohi
Jo yah padhe Hanuman Chalisa
Hoye siddhi sakhi Gaureesa
Tulsidas sada hari chera
Keejai Nath Hridaye mein dera
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindiastroyogi ]
[ Watchyoutubev=ulf2bj ]
[ Watchyoutubev=nr18coa ]
[ Raagtunes ]
[ Khabarindiatv ]
Doha
Pavan Tanay Sankat Harana
Mangala Murati Roop
Ram Lakhana Sita Sahita
Hriday Basahu Soor Bhoop
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maharaj Hanuman ]
[ Watchyoutubev=cblgjbeq ]
[ VedsutraHnuman chalisa ]
[ Hanuman chalisa bhajan ]
[ Speaking tree ].
Meaning: The Hanuman Chalisa (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː]; literally Forty chaupais on Hanuman) is a Hindu devotional hymn (stotra) addressed to Hanuman. ... Hanuman is a vanara (a monkey-like humanoid), a devotee of Ram, and one of the central characters in the Indian epic poem, the Ramayan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman ]
[ Speaking tree /blog meaning ]
[ The indianmythology ]
[ Watch youtubev=gjoe5gq ]
[ Hindiremedy/Hanuman ]
Who was Lord Hanuman?
Hanuman participated in Rama's war against the demon king Ravana. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. He is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Pawan, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
Hanuman ,(Sanskrit: हनुमान्) is an ardent devotee of Lord Rama and one of the central characters in the various versions of the epic Ramayana found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. As one of the Chiranjivi, he is also mentioned in several other texts, such as the Mahabharata the various Puranas and some Jain, Buddhist, and Sikh texts. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. Hanuman is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
His theological origins in Hinduism are unclear. Alternate theories include him having ancient roots, being a non-Aryan deity who was Sanskritized by the Vedic Aryans, or that he is a fusion deity who emerged in literary works from folk Yaksha protector deities and theological symbolism.
While Hanuman is one of the central characters in the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, the evidence of devotional worship to him is missing in the texts and archeological sites of ancient and most of the medieval period. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist known for his studies on Hanuman, the theological significance and devotional dedication to Hanuman emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas expressed Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been increasingly common. He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti. In later literature, he has been the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling, acrobatics, as well as meditation and diligent scholarship. He symbolizes the human excellences of inner self-control, faith and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like a monkey.
Besides being a popular deity in Hinduism, Hanuman is also found in Jainism and Buddhism. He is also a legendary character in legends and arts found outside Indian subcontinent such as in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia and Bali Indonesia. Outside India, Hanuman shares many characteristics with the Hindu versions in India, but differs in others. He is heroic, brave and steadfastly chaste, much like in the Sanskrit tradition, but not celibate. He marries and has children in other cultures, as is the case in a few regional versions in India. Hanuman is stated by scholars to be the inspiration for the allegory-filled adventures of a monkey hero in the Xiyouji (Journey to the West) – the great Chinese poetic novel influenced by the travels of Buddhist monk Xuanzang (602–664 CE) to India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman/org/wiki ]
[ Scoop whoop/inotheernew ]
[ Kasgar/god ]
[ Quora/how ]
[ Askgnesha/stories/hanuman/asp ]
Historical development:
Vedic roots:The earliest mention of a divine monkey, interpreted by some scholars as the proto-Hanuman, is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 1500 and 1200 BCE. The twenty three verses of the hymn is a metaphor and riddle filled legend. It is presented as a dialogue between multiple characters: god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Vrisakapi and his wife Kapi. The hymn opens with Indrani complaining to Indra that some of the soma offerings for Indra have been assigned to the energetic and strong monkey, and the people are forgetting Indra. The king of gods Indra responds by stating to his wife that the living being (monkey) that bothers her is to be seen as a friend, and that they should make an effort to be together in peace. The hymn closes with all agreeing that they should come together in Indra's house and share the wealth of offerings.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hnaman org /Hanuman ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa vednotesaspx ]
[ Astrojyoti Sankat mochan ]
[ Astrojyoti ]
This hymn, which includes an explicit discussion of sex and differences between species, has been interpreted in a number of ways by contemporary scholars. R.N. Dandekar states that it may metaphorically refer to another fertility god, while Wendy Doniger compares it to horse sacrifice. Stephanie Jamison states that the hymn mentions a bull-monkey, a euphemism for a horse and fertility ritual, very different from later era Hanuman. According to Philip Lutgendorf, there is "no convincing evidence for a monkey-worshipping cult in ancient India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maahiastro/abhi/Hanuman vedsutra ]
[ Astrojyoti/Sankatmochan ]
[ Atrojyoti ]
Tamil roots: The orientalist F. E. Pargiter (1852-1927) theorized that Hanuman was a proto-Dravidian deity. According to this theory, the name "Hanuman" derives from the Tamil word for male monkey (ana-mandi), first transformed to "Anumant" – a name which remains in use. "Anumant", according to this hypothesis, was later Sanskritized to "Hanuman" because the ancient Aryans confronted with a popular monkey deity of ancient Dravidians coopted the concept and then Sanskritized it. According to Murray Emeneau, known for his Tamil linguistic studies, this theory does not make sense because the Old Tamil word mandi in Caṅkam literature can only mean "female monkey", and Hanuman is male. Further, adds Emeneau, the compound ana-mandi makes no semantic sense in Tamil, which has well developed and sophisticated grammar and semantic rules. The "prominent jaw" etymology, according to Emeneau, is therefore plausible.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyourtubev=oferj;jz ]
[ Watchyoutubev=wqivcxoez8 ]
[ Saavn/tamilshri/Hanuman ]
[ Imgur/xjk5leb ]
[ Pinterest/pin/29097842598892092 ]
Epics and Puranas: Hanuman is mentioned in both the Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. A twentieth-century Jesuit missionary Camille Bulcke, in his Ramkatha: Utpatti Aur Vikas ("The tale of Rama: its origin and development"), proposed that Hanuman worship had its basis in the cults of aboriginal tribes of Central India.
Hanuman is mentioned in the Puranas. A medieval legend posited Hanuman as an avatar of the god Shiva by the 10th century CE (this development possibly started as early as in the 8th century CE). Hanuman is mentioned as an avatar of Shiva or Rudra in the medieval era Sanskrit texts like the Mahabhagvata Purana, the Skanda Purana, the Brhaddharma Purana and the Mahanataka among others. This development might have been a result of the Shavite attempts to insert their ishta devata (cherished deity) in the Vaishnavite texts.
Other mythologies, such as those found in South India, present Hanuman as a being who is the union of Shiva and Vishnu, or associated with the origin of Ayyappa. The 17th century Odia work Rasavinoda by Dinakrishnadasa goes on to mention that the three gods – Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva – combined to take to the form of Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyoutubev=f3wbngiamkc ]
[ Pinterest/pin/214554369718103316 ]
[ Pinerest/pin/31729273622422297 ]
[ Facebook/events/102949966704952 ]
[ Pinterest/rashmi112lord ]
Late medieval and modern era: In Valmiki's Ramayana, estimated to have been composed before or in about the 3rd century BCE, Hanuman is an important, creative character as a simian helper and messenger for Rama. The character evolved over time, reflecting regional cultural values. It is, however, in the late medieval era that his profile evolves into more central role and dominance as the exemplary spiritual devotee, particularly with the popular vernacular text Ramcharitmanas by Tulasidas . According to scholars such as Patrick Peebles and others, during a period of religious turmoil and Islamic rule of the Indian subcontinent, the Bhakti movement and devotionalism-oriented Bhakti yoga had emerged as a major trend in Hindu culture by the 16th-century, and the Ramcharitmanas presented Rama as a Vishnu avatar, supreme being and a personal god worthy of devotion, with Hanuman as the ideal loving devotee with legendary courage, strength and powers.
Hanuman evolved and emerged in this era as the ideal combination of shakti and bhakti. Stories and folk traditions in and after the 17th century, began to reformulate and present Hanuman as a divine being, as a descendent of deities, and as an avatar of Shiva. He emerged as a champion of those religiously persecuted, expressing resistance, a yogi, an inspiration for martial artists and warriors, character with less fur and increasingly human symbolizing cherished virtues and internal values worthy of devotion in his own right. Hindu monks morphed into soldiers, and they named their organizations after Hanuman.This evolution of Hanuman's character, religious and cultural role as well as his iconography continued through the colonial era and in post-colonial times.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Devdutt/articles/applied/queer ]
[ Columbia/its/mealac/prichett ]
[ Wikivisually/wiki/hanuman ]
[ exoticidiart/Mahavir ]
[ Ncbi/nih/ ]
Birth: In Indian mythology, Hanuman was born to Anjana and father Kesari.Hanuman is also called the son of the deity Vayu (Wind god, himself the son of Vishnu) because of legends associated with Vayu's role in Hanuman's birth. One story mentioned in Eknath's Bhavartha Ramayana (16th century CE) states that when Anjana was worshiping Shiva, the King Dasharatha of Ayodhya was also performing the ritual of Putrakama yagna in order to have children. As a result, he received some sacred pudding (payasam) to be shared by his three wives, leading to the births of Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. By divine ordinance, a kite snatched a fragment of that pudding and dropped it while flying over the forest where Anjana was engaged in worship. Vayu, the Hindu deity of the wind, delivered the falling pudding to the outstretched hands of Anjana, who consumed it. Hanuman was born to her as a result.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Quora/what ]
[ Speaking tree/alsiides/birth ]
[ Site google/site/hanumanstale ]
[ Apnisanskriti ]
[ Scoopwhoopinothernews ]
Childhood: According to Valmiki's Ramayana, one morning in his childhood, Hanuman was hungry and saw the rising red colored sun. Mistaking it for a ripe fruit, he leapt up to eat it. In one version of the Hindu legend, the king of gods Indra intervened and struck his thunderbolt. It hit Hanuman on his jaw, and he fell to the earth unconscious with a broken jaw. His father, Vayu (air), states Ramayana in section 4.65, became upset and withdrew. The lack of air created immense suffering to all living beings. This led Prajapati, the god of life, to intervene and resuscitate Hanuman, which in turn prompted Vayu to return to the living beings.
In another Hindu version of his childhood legend, which Lutgendorf states is likely older and also found in Jain texts such as the 8th-century Dhurtakhyana, after Hanuman's Icarus like leap for the sun, it proves to be fatal and he is burnt to ashes from sun's heat. His ashes fall onto the earth and oceans.Gods then gather the ashes and his bones from land and, with the help of fishes, from the water and re-assemble him. They find everything except one fragment of his jaw bone. His great grandfather on his mother's side then asks Surya to restore the child to life. Surya returns him to life, but Hanuman is left with a disfigured jaw.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ kinsgen/fable and fairytale ]
[ Sanatansocietyorg/indians ]
[ Balagokulam/kids/stories ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lords ]
[ Cybestro/articles/lord ]
Attributes:
Chiranjivi (immortal): various versions of Ramayana and Rama Katha state towards their end, just before Rama and Lakshmana die, that Hanuman is blessed to be immortal. He will be a part of humanity forever, while the story of Rama lives on.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediaorg/chiranjvi ]
[ Quora/who ]
[ Hinduism/question ]
[ Speaking tree/.asllides/hanuman ]
[ Speakingtree /lord ]
Kurūp and Sundar: he is described in Hindu texts as kurūp (ugly) on the outside, but divinely sundar (beautiful inside).
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Google/book/isbn=9352784251 ]
[ Youtubev=y;n5wbj6umm ]
[ Google books ]
[ Watchyoutubev=xodlbrssh ]
[ Wikipedia/wiki/sundrakanda ]
Kama-rupin: He can shape shift, become smaller than the smallest, larger than the largest adversary at will. He uses this attribute to shrink and enter Lanka, as he searches for the kidnapped Sita imprisoned in Lanka. Later on, he takes on the size of a mountain, blazing with radiance, to show his true power to Sita.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia/hanuman ]
[ Kasgar ]
[ Drmichaelamas/god ]
[ Busindia ]
[ Accollegemendara ]
Strength: Hanuman is extraordinarily strong, one capable of lifting and carrying any burden for a cause. He is called Vira, Mahavira, Mahabala and other names signifying this attribute of his. During the epic war between Rama and Ravana, Rama's brother Lakshmana is wounded. He can only be healed and his death prevented by a herb found in a particular Himalayan mountain. Hanuman leaps and finds the mountain. There, states Ramayana, Hanuman finds the mountain is full of many herbs. He doesn't know which one to take. So, he lifts the entire Himalayan mountain and carries it across India to Lanka for Lakshmana. His immense strength thus helps Lakshmana recover from his wound. This legend is the popular basis for the iconography where he is shown flying and carrying a mountain on his palm.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord/intersesting ]
[ Wikipedia/wik/hanuman ]
[ Dollsofindia/libary ]
[ Ankurlearningsolution ]
Innovative: Hanuman is described as someone who constantly faces very difficult odds, where the adversary or circumstances threaten his mission with certain defeat and his very existence. Yet he finds an innovative way to turn the odds. For example, after he finds Sita, delivers Rama's message, and persuades her that he is indeed Rama's true messenger, he is discovered by the prison guards. They arrest Hanuman, and under Ravana's orders take him to a public execution. There, the Ravana's guards begin his torture, tie his tail with oiled cloth and put it on fire. Hanuman then leaps, jumps from one palace rooftop to another, thus burning everything down.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Indiamarthanuman printer ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Google book?isbn=8184247613 ]
[ Googlebook?isbn=9384225762 ]
[ Allabuotoutdoor/news ]
Bhakti: Hanuman is presented as the exemplary devotee (bhakta) of Rama and Sita. The Hindu texts such as the Bhagavata Purana, the Bhakta Mala, the Ananda Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas present him as someone who is talented, strong, brave and spiritually devoted to Rama. The Rama stories such as the Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas, in turn themselves, present the Hindu dharmic concept of the ideal, virtuous and compassionate man (Rama) and woman (Sita) thereby providing the context for attributes assigned therein for Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Youtubev=d7gj0z6ib7e ]
[ Youtubev=aetfvqonfv8 ]
[ Youtubev=y180b9qilml ]
[ Youtubev=xpnhiseop ]
[ Bhaktigaane ]
Learned Yogi: In the late medieval texts and thereafter, such as those by Tulasidas, attributes of Hanuman include learned in Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism, the Vedas, a poet, a polymath, a grammarian, a singer and musician par excellence.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanumanwiki ]
[ Exoticidimart/hanuman ]
[ Gaia/article/hanuman ]
[ dlsq/religious ]
[ Google ]
Ramayana: The Sundara Kanda, the fifth book in the Ramayana, focuses on Hanuman. Hanuman meets Rama in the last year the latter's 14-year exile, after the demon king Ravana had kidnapped Sita. With his brother Lakshmana, Rama is searching for his wife Sita. This, and related Rama legends are the most extensive stories about Hanuman.
Numerous versions of the Ramayana exist within India. These present variant legends of Hanuman, Rama, Sita, Lakshamana and Ravana. The characters and their descriptions vary, in some cases quite significantly.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman/blog ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Amazon/hanuman ]
[ Hinduismstackexhange ]
[ Youtube ]
Mahabharata: The Mahabharata is another major epic which has a short mention of Hanuman. In Book 3, the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata, he is presented as a half brother of Bhima, who meets him accidentally on his way to Mount Kailasha. A man of extraordinary strength, Bhima is unable to move Hanuman's tail, making him realize and acknowledge the strength of Hanuman. This story attests to the ancient chronology of the Hanuman character. It is also a part of artwork and reliefs such as those at the Vijayanagara ruins.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Speaking tree/mysterious ]
[ Boldsky ]
[ Quora ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Youtubev=kmh ]
Other literature: Apart from Ramayana and Mahabharata, Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts. Some of these stories add to his adventures mentioned in the earlier epics, while others tell alternative stories of his life. The Skanda Purana mentions Hanuman in Rameswaram.
In a South Indian version of Shiva Purana, Hanuman is described as the son of Shiva and Mohini (the female avatar of Vishnu), or alternatively his mythology has been linked to or merged with the origin of Swami Ayyappa who is popular in parts of South India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Radhaswami/video ]
[ Purebhakti ]
[ Radhaswami net/09:009 ]
[ Youtube ]
[Watch youtube ]
Buddhism: Hanuman appears with a Buddhist gloss in Tibetan (southwest China) and Khotanese (west China, central Asia and northern Iran) versions of Ramayana. The Khotanese versions have a Jataka tales like theme, but are generally similar to the Hindu texts in the story line and in the character of Hanuman. The Tibetan version is more embellished, and without attempts to put a Jataka gloss. Further, in Tibetan version, novel elements appear such as where Hanuman carries love letters between Rama and Sita in addition to the Hindu version where Rama sends with him the wedding ring as a message to Sita. Further, in Tibetan version, Rama chides Hanuman for not corresponding with him through letters more often implying that the monkey-messenger and warrior is a learned being who can read and write letters.
In Sri Lankan version of Ramayana, which are titled after Ravana, the story is less melodramatic than the Indian versions. Many of the bravery and innovativeness legends relating to Hanuman are found in Sinhala versions, the characters have Buddhist themes, and lack the embedded ethics and values structure according to Hindu dharma. According to Hera Walker, some Sinhalese communities seek the aid of Hanuman through prayers to his mother. In Chinese Buddhist texts, states Arthur Cotterall, myths mention meeting of the Buddha with Hanuman, as well as Hanuman's great triumphs. According to Rosalind Lefeber, the arrival of Hanuman in East Asian Buddhist text may trace its roots to the translation of Ramayana into Chinese and Tibetan in 6th-century CE.
In both China and Japan, according to Lutgendorf, much like India there is a lack of a radical divide between humans and animals, with all living beings and nature assumed to be related to humans. There is no exaltation of humans over animals or nature, unlike the Western traditions. Divine monkey has been a part of the historic literature and culture of China and Japan, possibly influenced by the close cultural contact through Buddhist monks and pilgrimage to India over two millennia. For example, the Japanese text Keiranshuyoshu, while presenting its mythology about divine monkey, that is the theriomorphic Shinto emblem of Hie shrines, describes a flying white monkey that carries a mountain from India to China, then from China to Japan. Many Japanese shrines and village boundaries, dated to be from 8th to 14th centuries, feature monkey deity as guardians or intermediaries between the humans and the gods.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Buddhagarden ]
[ Wikihanuman ]
[ Dharmawheel ]
[ Easternspriuallty ]
[ Britanica ]
Jainism: Main articles: Rama in Jainism and Salakapurusa
Paumacariya (also known as Pauma Chariu or Padmacharit), the Jain version of Ramayana written by Vimalasuri, mentions Hanuman not as a divine monkey, but as a Vidyadhara (a supernatural being, demigod in Jain cosmology). He is the son of Pavangati (wind deity) and Anjana Sundari. Anjana gives birth to Hanuman in a forest cave, after being banished by her in-laws. Her maternal uncle rescues her from the forest; while boarding his vimana, Anjana accidentally drops her baby on a rock. However, the baby remains uninjured while the rock is shattered. The baby is raised in Hanuruha, his great uncle's island kingdom, from which Hanuman gets his name. Hanuman's strength is not his own achievement, but attributed to his mother's asceticism. In Jain texts, Hanuman is depicted as the 17th of 24 Kamadevas, the one who is ultimately handsome.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Jainismworld ]
[ Indiaforum ]
[ Enyclopedia ]
[ Wikipedia Rama inJainism ]
[ Hindu ]
Sikhism: In Sikhism, Hindu god Rama has been referred to as Sri Ram Chandar, and the story of Hanuman as a siddha has been influential. After the birth of martial Sikh Khalsa movement in 1699, during the 18th and 19th century, Hanuman was an inspiration and object of reverence by the Khalsa. Some Khalsa regiments brought along Hanuman image to the battle ground. The Sikh texts such as Hanuman Natak composed by Hirda Ram Bhalla, and Das Gur Katha by Kavi Kankan describe the heroic deeds of Hanuman. According to Louis Fenech, the Sikh tradition states that Guru Gobind Singh was a fond reader of the Hanuman Natak text.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Sikhnet ]
[ Sikhiwiki/index ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Info/page ]
[ Quora ]
Southeast Asian texts: The non-Indian versions of Ramayana, such as the Thai Ramakien, mention that Hanuman had relationships with multiple women, including Svayamprabha, Benjakaya (Vibhisana's daughter), Suvannamaccha and even Ravana's wife Mandodari. According to these versions of the Ramayana, Macchanu is son of Hanuman borne by Suvannamaccha, daughter of Ravana. The Jain text Paumacariya mentions that Hanuman married Lankasundari, the daughter of Lanka's chief defender Bajramukha.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Survannmaccha ]
[ Googleid? ]
[ Google book ]
[ Googlebook? ]
[ Britanica/hanuman ]
Significance and influence : Hanuman became more important in the medieval period and came to be portrayed as the ideal devotee (bhakta) of Rama. Hanuman's life, devotion, celibacy and strength inspired wrestlers in India.
According to Philip Lutgendorf, devotionalism to Hanuman and his theological significance emerged long after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE. His prominence grew after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. He is viewed as the ideal combination of shakti ("strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence") and bhakti ("loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama"). Beyond wrestlers, he has been the patron god of other martial arts. He is stated to be a gifted grammarian, meditating yogi and diligent scholar. He exemplifies the human excellences of temperance, faith and service to a cause.
In 17th-century north and western regions of India, Hanuman emerged as an expression of resistance and dedication against Islamic persecution. For example, the bhakti poet-saint Ramdas presented Hanuman as a symbol of Marathi nationalism and resistance to Mughal Empire.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindukjaruti ]
[ Hinduwebsite ]
[ Exoticindiamart/article/hanuman ]
[ Scoopwhoop ]
[ Googlebook ]
Iconography:
Hanuman's iconography shows him either with other central characters of the Ramayana or by himself. If with Rama and Sita, he is shown to the right of Rama, as a devotee bowing or kneeling before them with a Namaste (Anjali Hasta) posture. If alone, he carries weapons such as a big Gada (mace) and thunderbolt (vajra), sometimes in a scene reminiscent of a scene from his life.
In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been common. He is typically shown with Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, near or in Vaishnavism temples, as well as by himself usually opening his chest to symbolically show images of Rama and Sita near his heart. He is also popular among the followers of Shaivism.
In north India, aniconic representation of Hanuman such as a round stone has been in use by yogi, as a means to help focus on the abstract asSpects of him.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Es.scribed/document ]
[ Documentshanuman ]
[ Wikipedia ]
[ Pinterest ]
[ Book ]
Temples and shrines: Hanuman is often worshipped along with Rama and Sita of Vaishnavism, sometimes independently. There are numerous statues to celebrate or temples to worship Hanuman all over India. In some regions, he is considered as an avatar of Shiva, the focus of Shaivism.According to a review by Lutgendorf, some scholars state that the earliest Hanuman murtis appeared in the 8th-century, but verifiable evidence of Hanuman images and inscriptions appear in the 10th century in Indian monasteries in central and north India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Workthrougfh ]
[ Tourmyindia ]
[ Tourmyindia/blog ]
[ Scoopwhoop/haunted ]
Festivals and celebrations:
Hanuman is a central character in the annual Ramlila celebrations in India, and seasonal dramatic arts in southeast Asia particularly Thailand, Bali and Java Indonesia. Ramlila is a dramatic folk re-enactment of the life of Rama according to the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana or secondary literature based on it such as the Ramcharitmanas. It particularly refers to the thousands of dramatic plays and dance events, that are staged during the annual autumn festival of Navratri in India. Hanuman is features in many parts of the folk enacted play of the legendary war between Good and Evil, with the celebrations climaxing in the Dussehra (Dasara, Vijayadashami) night festivities where the giant grotesque effigies of Evil such as of demon Ravana are burnt, typically with fireworks.
Hanuman's birthday is observed by some Hindus as Hanuman Jayanti. It falls in much of India in the traditional month of Chaitra in lunisolar Hindu calendar, which overlaps with March and April. However, in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Hanuman Jayanthi is observed in the regional Hindu month of Margazhi, which overlaps with December and January. The festive day is observed with devotees gathering at Hanuman temples before sunrise, and day long spiritual recitations and story reading about the victory of good over evil.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman ]
[ Hanumanfestival ]
[ Hanumanfestivalhome revised ]
[ Hanumanfestival/resources ]
[ Hanumanfestival cause ]
Hanuman in Southeast Asia:
Cambodia: Hanuman is a revered heroic figure in Khmer history in southeast Asia. He features predominantly in the Reamker, a Cambodian epic poem, based on the Sanskrit's Ramayana epic.Intricate carvings on the walls of Angkor Wat depict scenes from the Ramayana including those of Hanuman.
In Cambodia and many other parts of southeast Asia, mask dance and shadow theatre arts celebrate Hanuman with Ream (same as Rama of India). Hanuman is represented by a white mask.Particularly popular in southeast Asian theatre are Hanuman's accomplishments as a martial artist and as an amorous seducer of women, in interpolated plays that are missing from most versions of the Indian Ramayana.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediareamker ]
[ Hanumanwiki/org ]
[ Business ]
[ Booksgooglebooks ]
Indonesia: Hanuman is the central character in many of the historic dance and drama art works such as Wayang Wong found in Hindu communities of Bali Indonesia. These performance arts can be traced to at least the 10th century. He has been popular, along with the local versions of Ramayana in other islands of Indonesia such as Java.
In major medieval era Hindu temples, archeological sites and manuscripts discovered in Indonesian and Malay islands, Hanuman features prominently along with Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Vishvamitra and Sugriva. The most studied and detailed relief artworks are found in Candi Panataran and Prambanan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Rreamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Business ]
[ Googlebooks ]
Thailand: Hanuman has been a historic and popular character of Ramakien in Thai culture. He appears wearing a crown on his head and armor. He is depicted as an albino white, strong character with open mouth in action, sometimes shown carrying a trident. In Ramkien, Hanuman is a devoted soldier of Rama. Unlike in Indian adaptations, he is not celibate, and he is presented as a ladies man, according to Paula Richman. He meets the mermaid Suvannamaccha and the couple have a son. Hanuman plays a dominant role in the Thai version of the Ramayana epic.
Like the Indian tradition, Hanuman is the patron of martial arts and an example of courage, fortitude and excellence in Thailand.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikkipedia/org/reamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Businees ]
[ Googlebooks ]
References:
George M. Williams (2008). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2.
Jump up ^ Brian A. Hatcher (2015). Hinduism in the Modern World. Routledge. ISBN 9781135046309.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibek Debroy (2012). The Mahabharata: Volume 3. Penguin Books. pp. 184 with footnote 686. ISBN 978-0-14-310015-7.
Jump up ^ "Hanuman", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-415-93919-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wendy Doniger, Hanuman: Hindu mythology, Encyclopaedia Britannica; For a summary of the Chinese text, see Xiyouji: NOVEL BY WU CHENG’EN
^ Jump up to: a b Susan Whitfield; Ursula Sims-Williams (2004). The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith. Serindia Publications. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-932476-13-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
^ Jump up to: a b J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1310–1311. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c Catherine Ludvik (1994). Hanumān in the Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki and the Rāmacaritamānasa of Tulasī Dāsa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 2–9. ISBN 978-81-208-1122-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Paula Richman (2010), Review: Lutgendorf, Philip's Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey, The Journal of Asian Studies; Vol 69, Issue 4 (Nov 2010), pages 1287-1288.
Jayant Lele (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 90-04-06370-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–32, 116, 257–259, 388–391. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Lutgendorf, Philip (1997). "Monkey in the Middle: The Status of Hanuman in Popular Hinduism". Religion. Routledge. 27 (4): 311–332. doi:10.1006/reli.1997.0095.
Jump up ^ Lutgendorf, Philip (1994). "My Hanuman Is Bigger Than Yours". History of Religions. University of Chicago Press. 33 (3): 211–245. doi:10.1086/463367.
Jump up ^ H. S. Walker (1998), Indigenous or Foreign? A Look at the Origins of the Monkey Hero Sun Wukong, Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 81. September 1998, Editor: Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania
Jump up ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri; Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri (2005). Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography. Mittal Publications. p. 45. ISBN 978-81-8324-026-0.
Jump up ^ J.H. Maronier (2013). Pictures of the Tropics: A Catalogue of Drawings, Water-Colours, Paintings and Sculptures in the Collection of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology in Leiden. Springer. p. 127. ISBN 978-94-017-6643-2.
Jump up ^ R. V. R. Murthy (2005). Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Development and Decentralization. Mittal Publications. p. 20. ISBN 978-81-8324-049-9.
Jump up ^ Uta Gärtner (1994). Tradition and Modernity in Myanmar. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 317. ISBN 978-3-8258-2186-9.
Jump up ^ Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5.
Jump up ^ Marijke Klokke (2006). Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-979-26-2499-1.
Jump up ^ Eugenio Barba; Nicola Savarese (2011). A Dictionary of Theatre Anthropology: The Secret Art of the Performer. Taylor & Francis. pp. 77 with Fig 13. ISBN 978-1-135-17635-8.
Jump up ^ ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.८६, Rigveda, Wikisource
^ Jump up to: a b c Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 23-25
Jump up ^ Legend of Ram–Retold. PublishAmerica. pp. 56–. ISBN 978-1-4512-2350-7.
Jump up ^ Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 22-23
Jump up ^ Nanditha Krishna (1 January 2010). Sacred Animals of India. Penguin Books India. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-0-14-306619-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Camille Bulcke; Dineśvara Prasāda (2010). Rāmakathā and Other Essays. Vani Prakashan. pp. 117–126. ISBN 978-93-5000-107-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Swami Parmeshwaranand. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas, Volume 1. Sarup & Sons. pp. 411–. ISBN 978-81-7625-226-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Diana L. Eck (1991). Devotion divine, Bhakti traditions from the regions of India: studies in honour of Charlotte Vaudeville. Egbert Forsten. pp. 69, 62–67. ISBN 978-90-6980-045-5., Quote: "Giving up his Rudra form, Lord Shiva as Hanuman adopted a monkey figure, only in view of his affection for Rama."
0 notes
Text
Sri Hanuman Chalisa
Doha
Shri Guru Charan Sarooja-raj Nija manu Mukura Sudhaari
Baranau Rahubhara Bimala Yasha Jo Dayaka Phala Chari
Budhee-Heen Thanu Jannikay Sumirow Pavana Kumara
Bala-Budhee Vidya Dehoo Mohee Harahu Kalesha Vikaara
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE:
] MAHARAJ HANUMAN ]
[ Video ]
[ Vedsutra hanuman ]
[ Hanuman chalisa blogspot ]
[ Speaking tree/these ]
Chopai
Jai Hanuman gyan gun sagar
Jai Kapis tihun lok ujagar
Ram doot atulit bal dhama
Anjaani-putra Pavan sut nama
Mahabir Bikram Bajrangi
Kumati nivar sumati Ke sangi
Kanchan varan viraj subesa
Kanan Kundal Kunchit Kesha
Hath Vajra Aur Dhuvaje Viraje
Kaandhe moonj janehu sajaiSankar suvan kesri Nandan
Tej prataap maha jag vandan
Vidyavaan guni ati chatur
Ram kaj karibe ko aatur
Prabu charitra sunibe-ko rasiya
Ram Lakhan Sita man Basiya
Sukshma roop dhari Siyahi dikhava
Vikat roop dhari lank jarava
Bhima roop dhari asur sanghare
Ramachandra ke kaj sanvare
Laye Sanjivan Lakhan Jiyaye
Shri Raghuvir Harashi ur laye
Raghupati Kinhi bahut badai
Tum mam priye Bharat-hi-sam bhai
Sahas badan tumharo yash gaave
Asa-kahi Shripati kanth lagaave
Sankadhik Brahmaadi Muneesa
Narad-Sarad sahit Aheesa
Yam Kuber Digpaal Jahan teav
i kovid kahi sake kahan te
Tum upkar Sugreevahin keenha
Ram milaye rajpad deenha
Tumharo mantra Vibheeshan maana
Lankeshwar Bhaye Sub jag jana
Yug sahastra jojan par Bhanu
Leelyo tahi madhur phal janu
Prabhu mudrika meli mukh mahee
Jaladhi langhi gaye achraj nahee
Durgaam kaj jagath ke jete
Sugam anugraha tumhre tete
Ram dwaare tum rakhvare
Hoat na agya binu paisare
Sub sukh lahae tumhari sar na
Tum rakshak kahu ko dar naa
Aapan tej samharo aapai
Teenhon lok hank te kanpai
Bhoot pisaach Nikat nahin aavai
Mahavir jab naam sunavae
Nase rog harae sab peera
Japat nirantar Hanumant beera
Sankat se Hanuman chudavae
Man Karam Vachan dyan jo lavai
Sab par Ram tapasvee raja
Tin ke kaj sakal Tum saja
Aur manorath jo koi lavai
Sohi amit jeevan phal pavai
Charon Yug partap tumhara
Hai persidh jagat ujiyara
Sadhu Sant ke tum Rakhware
Asur nikandan Ram dulhare
Ashta-sidhi nav nidhi ke dhata
As-var deen Janki mata
Ram rasayan tumhare pasa
Sada raho Raghupati ke dasa
Tumhare bhajan Ram ko pavai
Janam-janam ke dukh bisraavai
Anth-kaal Raghuvir pur jayee
Jahan janam Hari-Bakht Kahayee
Aur Devta Chit na dharehi
Hanumanth se hi sarve sukh karehi
Sankat kate-mite sab peera
Jo sumirai Hanumat Balbeera
Jai Jai Jai Hanuman Gosahin
Kripa Karahu Gurudev ki nyahin
Jo sat bar path kare kohi
Chutehi bandhi maha sukh hohi
Jo yah padhe Hanuman Chalisa
Hoye siddhi sakhi Gaureesa
Tulsidas sada hari chera
Keejai Nath Hridaye mein dera
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindiastroyogi ]
[ Watchyoutubev=ulf2bj ]
[ Watchyoutubev=nr18coa ]
[ Raagtunes ]
[ Khabarindiatv ]
Doha
Pavan Tanay Sankat Harana
Mangala Murati Roop
Ram Lakhana Sita Sahita
Hriday Basahu Soor Bhoop
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maharaj Hanuman ]
[ Watchyoutubev=cblgjbeq ]
[ VedsutraHnuman chalisa ]
[ Hanuman chalisa bhajan ]
[ Speaking tree ].
Meaning: The Hanuman Chalisa (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː]; literally Forty chaupais on Hanuman) is a Hindu devotional hymn (stotra) addressed to Hanuman. ... Hanuman is a vanara (a monkey-like humanoid), a devotee of Ram, and one of the central characters in the Indian epic poem, the Ramayan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman ]
[ Speaking tree /blog meaning ]
[ The indianmythology ]
[ Watch youtubev=gjoe5gq ]
[ Hindiremedy/Hanuman ]
Who was Lord Hanuman?
Hanuman participated in Rama's war against the demon king Ravana. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. He is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Pawan, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
Hanuman ,(Sanskrit: हनुमान्) is an ardent devotee of Lord Rama and one of the central characters in the various versions of the epic Ramayana found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. As one of the Chiranjivi, he is also mentioned in several other texts, such as the Mahabharata the various Puranas and some Jain, Buddhist, and Sikh texts. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. Hanuman is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
His theological origins in Hinduism are unclear. Alternate theories include him having ancient roots, being a non-Aryan deity who was Sanskritized by the Vedic Aryans, or that he is a fusion deity who emerged in literary works from folk Yaksha protector deities and theological symbolism.
While Hanuman is one of the central characters in the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, the evidence of devotional worship to him is missing in the texts and archeological sites of ancient and most of the medieval period. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist known for his studies on Hanuman, the theological significance and devotional dedication to Hanuman emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas expressed Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been increasingly common. He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti. In later literature, he has been the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling, acrobatics, as well as meditation and diligent scholarship. He symbolizes the human excellences of inner self-control, faith and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like a monkey.
Besides being a popular deity in Hinduism, Hanuman is also found in Jainism and Buddhism. He is also a legendary character in legends and arts found outside Indian subcontinent such as in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia and Bali Indonesia. Outside India, Hanuman shares many characteristics with the Hindu versions in India, but differs in others. He is heroic, brave and steadfastly chaste, much like in the Sanskrit tradition, but not celibate. He marries and has children in other cultures, as is the case in a few regional versions in India. Hanuman is stated by scholars to be the inspiration for the allegory-filled adventures of a monkey hero in the Xiyouji (Journey to the West) – the great Chinese poetic novel influenced by the travels of Buddhist monk Xuanzang (602–664 CE) to India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman/org/wiki ]
[ Scoop whoop/inotheernew ]
[ Kasgar/god ]
[ Quora/how ]
[ Askgnesha/stories/hanuman/asp ]
Historical development:
Vedic roots:The earliest mention of a divine monkey, interpreted by some scholars as the proto-Hanuman, is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 1500 and 1200 BCE. The twenty three verses of the hymn is a metaphor and riddle filled legend. It is presented as a dialogue between multiple characters: god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Vrisakapi and his wife Kapi. The hymn opens with Indrani complaining to Indra that some of the soma offerings for Indra have been assigned to the energetic and strong monkey, and the people are forgetting Indra. The king of gods Indra responds by stating to his wife that the living being (monkey) that bothers her is to be seen as a friend, and that they should make an effort to be together in peace. The hymn closes with all agreeing that they should come together in Indra's house and share the wealth of offerings.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hnaman org /Hanuman ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa vednotesaspx ]
[ Astrojyoti Sankat mochan ]
[ Astrojyoti ]
This hymn, which includes an explicit discussion of sex and differences between species, has been interpreted in a number of ways by contemporary scholars. R.N. Dandekar states that it may metaphorically refer to another fertility god, while Wendy Doniger compares it to horse sacrifice. Stephanie Jamison states that the hymn mentions a bull-monkey, a euphemism for a horse and fertility ritual, very different from later era Hanuman. According to Philip Lutgendorf, there is "no convincing evidence for a monkey-worshipping cult in ancient India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maahiastro/abhi/Hanuman vedsutra ]
[ Astrojyoti/Sankatmochan ]
[ Atrojyoti ]
Tamil roots: The orientalist F. E. Pargiter (1852-1927) theorized that Hanuman was a proto-Dravidian deity. According to this theory, the name "Hanuman" derives from the Tamil word for male monkey (ana-mandi), first transformed to "Anumant" – a name which remains in use. "Anumant", according to this hypothesis, was later Sanskritized to "Hanuman" because the ancient Aryans confronted with a popular monkey deity of ancient Dravidians coopted the concept and then Sanskritized it. According to Murray Emeneau, known for his Tamil linguistic studies, this theory does not make sense because the Old Tamil word mandi in Caṅkam literature can only mean "female monkey", and Hanuman is male. Further, adds Emeneau, the compound ana-mandi makes no semantic sense in Tamil, which has well developed and sophisticated grammar and semantic rules. The "prominent jaw" etymology, according to Emeneau, is therefore plausible.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyourtubev=oferj;jz ]
[ Watchyoutubev=wqivcxoez8 ]
[ Saavn/tamilshri/Hanuman ]
[ Imgur/xjk5leb ]
[ Pinterest/pin/29097842598892092 ]
Epics and Puranas: Hanuman is mentioned in both the Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. A twentieth-century Jesuit missionary Camille Bulcke, in his Ramkatha: Utpatti Aur Vikas ("The tale of Rama: its origin and development"), proposed that Hanuman worship had its basis in the cults of aboriginal tribes of Central India.
Hanuman is mentioned in the Puranas. A medieval legend posited Hanuman as an avatar of the god Shiva by the 10th century CE (this development possibly started as early as in the 8th century CE). Hanuman is mentioned as an avatar of Shiva or Rudra in the medieval era Sanskrit texts like the Mahabhagvata Purana, the Skanda Purana, the Brhaddharma Purana and the Mahanataka among others. This development might have been a result of the Shavite attempts to insert their ishta devata (cherished deity) in the Vaishnavite texts.
Other mythologies, such as those found in South India, present Hanuman as a being who is the union of Shiva and Vishnu, or associated with the origin of Ayyappa. The 17th century Odia work Rasavinoda by Dinakrishnadasa goes on to mention that the three gods – Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva – combined to take to the form of Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyoutubev=f3wbngiamkc ]
[ Pinterest/pin/214554369718103316 ]
[ Pinerest/pin/31729273622422297 ]
[ Facebook/events/102949966704952 ]
[ Pinterest/rashmi112lord ]
Late medieval and modern era: In Valmiki's Ramayana, estimated to have been composed before or in about the 3rd century BCE, Hanuman is an important, creative character as a simian helper and messenger for Rama. The character evolved over time, reflecting regional cultural values. It is, however, in the late medieval era that his profile evolves into more central role and dominance as the exemplary spiritual devotee, particularly with the popular vernacular text Ramcharitmanas by Tulasidas . According to scholars such as Patrick Peebles and others, during a period of religious turmoil and Islamic rule of the Indian subcontinent, the Bhakti movement and devotionalism-oriented Bhakti yoga had emerged as a major trend in Hindu culture by the 16th-century, and the Ramcharitmanas presented Rama as a Vishnu avatar, supreme being and a personal god worthy of devotion, with Hanuman as the ideal loving devotee with legendary courage, strength and powers.
Hanuman evolved and emerged in this era as the ideal combination of shakti and bhakti. Stories and folk traditions in and after the 17th century, began to reformulate and present Hanuman as a divine being, as a descendent of deities, and as an avatar of Shiva. He emerged as a champion of those religiously persecuted, expressing resistance, a yogi, an inspiration for martial artists and warriors, character with less fur and increasingly human symbolizing cherished virtues and internal values worthy of devotion in his own right. Hindu monks morphed into soldiers, and they named their organizations after Hanuman.This evolution of Hanuman's character, religious and cultural role as well as his iconography continued through the colonial era and in post-colonial times.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Devdutt/articles/applied/queer ]
[ Columbia/its/mealac/prichett ]
[ Wikivisually/wiki/hanuman ]
[ exoticidiart/Mahavir ]
[ Ncbi/nih/ ]
Birth: In Indian mythology, Hanuman was born to Anjana and father Kesari.Hanuman is also called the son of the deity Vayu (Wind god, himself the son of Vishnu) because of legends associated with Vayu's role in Hanuman's birth. One story mentioned in Eknath's Bhavartha Ramayana (16th century CE) states that when Anjana was worshiping Shiva, the King Dasharatha of Ayodhya was also performing the ritual of Putrakama yagna in order to have children. As a result, he received some sacred pudding (payasam) to be shared by his three wives, leading to the births of Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. By divine ordinance, a kite snatched a fragment of that pudding and dropped it while flying over the forest where Anjana was engaged in worship. Vayu, the Hindu deity of the wind, delivered the falling pudding to the outstretched hands of Anjana, who consumed it. Hanuman was born to her as a result.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Quora/what ]
[ Speaking tree/alsiides/birth ]
[ Site google/site/hanumanstale ]
[ Apnisanskriti ]
[ Scoopwhoopinothernews ]
Childhood: According to Valmiki's Ramayana, one morning in his childhood, Hanuman was hungry and saw the rising red colored sun. Mistaking it for a ripe fruit, he leapt up to eat it. In one version of the Hindu legend, the king of gods Indra intervened and struck his thunderbolt. It hit Hanuman on his jaw, and he fell to the earth unconscious with a broken jaw. His father, Vayu (air), states Ramayana in section 4.65, became upset and withdrew. The lack of air created immense suffering to all living beings. This led Prajapati, the god of life, to intervene and resuscitate Hanuman, which in turn prompted Vayu to return to the living beings.
In another Hindu version of his childhood legend, which Lutgendorf states is likely older and also found in Jain texts such as the 8th-century Dhurtakhyana, after Hanuman's Icarus like leap for the sun, it proves to be fatal and he is burnt to ashes from sun's heat. His ashes fall onto the earth and oceans.Gods then gather the ashes and his bones from land and, with the help of fishes, from the water and re-assemble him. They find everything except one fragment of his jaw bone. His great grandfather on his mother's side then asks Surya to restore the child to life. Surya returns him to life, but Hanuman is left with a disfigured jaw.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ kinsgen/fable and fairytale ]
[ Sanatansocietyorg/indians ]
[ Balagokulam/kids/stories ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lords ]
[ Cybestro/articles/lord ]
Attributes:
Chiranjivi (immortal): various versions of Ramayana and Rama Katha state towards their end, just before Rama and Lakshmana die, that Hanuman is blessed to be immortal. He will be a part of humanity forever, while the story of Rama lives on.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediaorg/chiranjvi ]
[ Quora/who ]
[ Hinduism/question ]
[ Speaking tree/.asllides/hanuman ]
[ Speakingtree /lord ]
Kurūp and Sundar: he is described in Hindu texts as kurūp (ugly) on the outside, but divinely sundar (beautiful inside).
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Google/book/isbn=9352784251 ]
[ Youtubev=y;n5wbj6umm ]
[ Google books ]
[ Watchyoutubev=xodlbrssh ]
[ Wikipedia/wiki/sundrakanda ]
Kama-rupin: He can shape shift, become smaller than the smallest, larger than the largest adversary at will. He uses this attribute to shrink and enter Lanka, as he searches for the kidnapped Sita imprisoned in Lanka. Later on, he takes on the size of a mountain, blazing with radiance, to show his true power to Sita.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia/hanuman ]
[ Kasgar ]
[ Drmichaelamas/god ]
[ Busindia ]
[ Accollegemendara ]
Strength: Hanuman is extraordinarily strong, one capable of lifting and carrying any burden for a cause. He is called Vira, Mahavira, Mahabala and other names signifying this attribute of his. During the epic war between Rama and Ravana, Rama's brother Lakshmana is wounded. He can only be healed and his death prevented by a herb found in a particular Himalayan mountain. Hanuman leaps and finds the mountain. There, states Ramayana, Hanuman finds the mountain is full of many herbs. He doesn't know which one to take. So, he lifts the entire Himalayan mountain and carries it across India to Lanka for Lakshmana. His immense strength thus helps Lakshmana recover from his wound. This legend is the popular basis for the iconography where he is shown flying and carrying a mountain on his palm.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord/intersesting ]
[ Wikipedia/wik/hanuman ]
[ Dollsofindia/libary ]
[ Ankurlearningsolution ]
Innovative: Hanuman is described as someone who constantly faces very difficult odds, where the adversary or circumstances threaten his mission with certain defeat and his very existence. Yet he finds an innovative way to turn the odds. For example, after he finds Sita, delivers Rama's message, and persuades her that he is indeed Rama's true messenger, he is discovered by the prison guards. They arrest Hanuman, and under Ravana's orders take him to a public execution. There, the Ravana's guards begin his torture, tie his tail with oiled cloth and put it on fire. Hanuman then leaps, jumps from one palace rooftop to another, thus burning everything down.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Indiamarthanuman printer ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Google book?isbn=8184247613 ]
[ Googlebook?isbn=9384225762 ]
[ Allabuotoutdoor/news ]
Bhakti: Hanuman is presented as the exemplary devotee (bhakta) of Rama and Sita. The Hindu texts such as the Bhagavata Purana, the Bhakta Mala, the Ananda Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas present him as someone who is talented, strong, brave and spiritually devoted to Rama. The Rama stories such as the Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas, in turn themselves, present the Hindu dharmic concept of the ideal, virtuous and compassionate man (Rama) and woman (Sita) thereby providing the context for attributes assigned therein for Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Youtubev=d7gj0z6ib7e ]
[ Youtubev=aetfvqonfv8 ]
[ Youtubev=y180b9qilml ]
[ Youtubev=xpnhiseop ]
[ Bhaktigaane ]
Learned Yogi: In the late medieval texts and thereafter, such as those by Tulasidas, attributes of Hanuman include learned in Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism, the Vedas, a poet, a polymath, a grammarian, a singer and musician par excellence.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanumanwiki ]
[ Exoticidimart/hanuman ]
[ Gaia/article/hanuman ]
[ dlsq/religious ]
[ Google ]
Ramayana: The Sundara Kanda, the fifth book in the Ramayana, focuses on Hanuman. Hanuman meets Rama in the last year the latter's 14-year exile, after the demon king Ravana had kidnapped Sita. With his brother Lakshmana, Rama is searching for his wife Sita. This, and related Rama legends are the most extensive stories about Hanuman.
Numerous versions of the Ramayana exist within India. These present variant legends of Hanuman, Rama, Sita, Lakshamana and Ravana. The characters and their descriptions vary, in some cases quite significantly.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman/blog ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Amazon/hanuman ]
[ Hinduismstackexhange ]
[ Youtube ]
Mahabharata: The Mahabharata is another major epic which has a short mention of Hanuman. In Book 3, the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata, he is presented as a half brother of Bhima, who meets him accidentally on his way to Mount Kailasha. A man of extraordinary strength, Bhima is unable to move Hanuman's tail, making him realize and acknowledge the strength of Hanuman. This story attests to the ancient chronology of the Hanuman character. It is also a part of artwork and reliefs such as those at the Vijayanagara ruins.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Speaking tree/mysterious ]
[ Boldsky ]
[ Quora ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Youtubev=kmh ]
Other literature: Apart from Ramayana and Mahabharata, Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts. Some of these stories add to his adventures mentioned in the earlier epics, while others tell alternative stories of his life. The Skanda Purana mentions Hanuman in Rameswaram.
In a South Indian version of Shiva Purana, Hanuman is described as the son of Shiva and Mohini (the female avatar of Vishnu), or alternatively his mythology has been linked to or merged with the origin of Swami Ayyappa who is popular in parts of South India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Radhaswami/video ]
[ Purebhakti ]
[ Radhaswami net/09:009 ]
[ Youtube ]
[Watch youtube ]
Buddhism: Hanuman appears with a Buddhist gloss in Tibetan (southwest China) and Khotanese (west China, central Asia and northern Iran) versions of Ramayana. The Khotanese versions have a Jataka tales like theme, but are generally similar to the Hindu texts in the story line and in the character of Hanuman. The Tibetan version is more embellished, and without attempts to put a Jataka gloss. Further, in Tibetan version, novel elements appear such as where Hanuman carries love letters between Rama and Sita in addition to the Hindu version where Rama sends with him the wedding ring as a message to Sita. Further, in Tibetan version, Rama chides Hanuman for not corresponding with him through letters more often implying that the monkey-messenger and warrior is a learned being who can read and write letters.
In Sri Lankan version of Ramayana, which are titled after Ravana, the story is less melodramatic than the Indian versions. Many of the bravery and innovativeness legends relating to Hanuman are found in Sinhala versions, the characters have Buddhist themes, and lack the embedded ethics and values structure according to Hindu dharma. According to Hera Walker, some Sinhalese communities seek the aid of Hanuman through prayers to his mother. In Chinese Buddhist texts, states Arthur Cotterall, myths mention meeting of the Buddha with Hanuman, as well as Hanuman's great triumphs. According to Rosalind Lefeber, the arrival of Hanuman in East Asian Buddhist text may trace its roots to the translation of Ramayana into Chinese and Tibetan in 6th-century CE.
In both China and Japan, according to Lutgendorf, much like India there is a lack of a radical divide between humans and animals, with all living beings and nature assumed to be related to humans. There is no exaltation of humans over animals or nature, unlike the Western traditions. Divine monkey has been a part of the historic literature and culture of China and Japan, possibly influenced by the close cultural contact through Buddhist monks and pilgrimage to India over two millennia. For example, the Japanese text Keiranshuyoshu, while presenting its mythology about divine monkey, that is the theriomorphic Shinto emblem of Hie shrines, describes a flying white monkey that carries a mountain from India to China, then from China to Japan. Many Japanese shrines and village boundaries, dated to be from 8th to 14th centuries, feature monkey deity as guardians or intermediaries between the humans and the gods.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Buddhagarden ]
[ Wikihanuman ]
[ Dharmawheel ]
[ Easternspriuallty ]
[ Britanica ]
Jainism: Main articles: Rama in Jainism and Salakapurusa
Paumacariya (also known as Pauma Chariu or Padmacharit), the Jain version of Ramayana written by Vimalasuri, mentions Hanuman not as a divine monkey, but as a Vidyadhara (a supernatural being, demigod in Jain cosmology). He is the son of Pavangati (wind deity) and Anjana Sundari. Anjana gives birth to Hanuman in a forest cave, after being banished by her in-laws. Her maternal uncle rescues her from the forest; while boarding his vimana, Anjana accidentally drops her baby on a rock. However, the baby remains uninjured while the rock is shattered. The baby is raised in Hanuruha, his great uncle's island kingdom, from which Hanuman gets his name. Hanuman's strength is not his own achievement, but attributed to his mother's asceticism. In Jain texts, Hanuman is depicted as the 17th of 24 Kamadevas, the one who is ultimately handsome.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Jainismworld ]
[ Indiaforum ]
[ Enyclopedia ]
[ Wikipedia Rama inJainism ]
[ Hindu ]
Sikhism: In Sikhism, Hindu god Rama has been referred to as Sri Ram Chandar, and the story of Hanuman as a siddha has been influential. After the birth of martial Sikh Khalsa movement in 1699, during the 18th and 19th century, Hanuman was an inspiration and object of reverence by the Khalsa. Some Khalsa regiments brought along Hanuman image to the battle ground. The Sikh texts such as Hanuman Natak composed by Hirda Ram Bhalla, and Das Gur Katha by Kavi Kankan describe the heroic deeds of Hanuman. According to Louis Fenech, the Sikh tradition states that Guru Gobind Singh was a fond reader of the Hanuman Natak text.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Sikhnet ]
[ Sikhiwiki/index ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Info/page ]
[ Quora ]
Southeast Asian texts: The non-Indian versions of Ramayana, such as the Thai Ramakien, mention that Hanuman had relationships with multiple women, including Svayamprabha, Benjakaya (Vibhisana's daughter), Suvannamaccha and even Ravana's wife Mandodari. According to these versions of the Ramayana, Macchanu is son of Hanuman borne by Suvannamaccha, daughter of Ravana. The Jain text Paumacariya mentions that Hanuman married Lankasundari, the daughter of Lanka's chief defender Bajramukha.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Survannmaccha ]
[ Googleid? ]
[ Google book ]
[ Googlebook? ]
[ Britanica/hanuman ]
Significance and influence : Hanuman became more important in the medieval period and came to be portrayed as the ideal devotee (bhakta) of Rama. Hanuman's life, devotion, celibacy and strength inspired wrestlers in India.
According to Philip Lutgendorf, devotionalism to Hanuman and his theological significance emerged long after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE. His prominence grew after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. He is viewed as the ideal combination of shakti ("strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence") and bhakti ("loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama"). Beyond wrestlers, he has been the patron god of other martial arts. He is stated to be a gifted grammarian, meditating yogi and diligent scholar. He exemplifies the human excellences of temperance, faith and service to a cause.
In 17th-century north and western regions of India, Hanuman emerged as an expression of resistance and dedication against Islamic persecution. For example, the bhakti poet-saint Ramdas presented Hanuman as a symbol of Marathi nationalism and resistance to Mughal Empire.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindukjaruti ]
[ Hinduwebsite ]
[ Exoticindiamart/article/hanuman ]
[ Scoopwhoop ]
[ Googlebook ]
Iconography:
Hanuman's iconography shows him either with other central characters of the Ramayana or by himself. If with Rama and Sita, he is shown to the right of Rama, as a devotee bowing or kneeling before them with a Namaste (Anjali Hasta) posture. If alone, he carries weapons such as a big Gada (mace) and thunderbolt (vajra), sometimes in a scene reminiscent of a scene from his life.
In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been common. He is typically shown with Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, near or in Vaishnavism temples, as well as by himself usually opening his chest to symbolically show images of Rama and Sita near his heart. He is also popular among the followers of Shaivism.
In north India, aniconic representation of Hanuman such as a round stone has been in use by yogi, as a means to help focus on the abstract asSpects of him.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Es.scribed/document ]
[ Documentshanuman ]
[ Wikipedia ]
[ Pinterest ]
[ Book ]
Temples and shrines: Hanuman is often worshipped along with Rama and Sita of Vaishnavism, sometimes independently. There are numerous statues to celebrate or temples to worship Hanuman all over India. In some regions, he is considered as an avatar of Shiva, the focus of Shaivism.According to a review by Lutgendorf, some scholars state that the earliest Hanuman murtis appeared in the 8th-century, but verifiable evidence of Hanuman images and inscriptions appear in the 10th century in Indian monasteries in central and north India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Workthrougfh ]
[ Tourmyindia ]
[ Tourmyindia/blog ]
[ Scoopwhoop/haunted ]
Festivals and celebrations:
Hanuman is a central character in the annual Ramlila celebrations in India, and seasonal dramatic arts in southeast Asia particularly Thailand, Bali and Java Indonesia. Ramlila is a dramatic folk re-enactment of the life of Rama according to the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana or secondary literature based on it such as the Ramcharitmanas. It particularly refers to the thousands of dramatic plays and dance events, that are staged during the annual autumn festival of Navratri in India. Hanuman is features in many parts of the folk enacted play of the legendary war between Good and Evil, with the celebrations climaxing in the Dussehra (Dasara, Vijayadashami) night festivities where the giant grotesque effigies of Evil such as of demon Ravana are burnt, typically with fireworks.
Hanuman's birthday is observed by some Hindus as Hanuman Jayanti. It falls in much of India in the traditional month of Chaitra in lunisolar Hindu calendar, which overlaps with March and April. However, in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Hanuman Jayanthi is observed in the regional Hindu month of Margazhi, which overlaps with December and January. The festive day is observed with devotees gathering at Hanuman temples before sunrise, and day long spiritual recitations and story reading about the victory of good over evil.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman ]
[ Hanumanfestival ]
[ Hanumanfestivalhome revised ]
[ Hanumanfestival/resources ]
[ Hanumanfestival cause ]
Hanuman in Southeast Asia:
Cambodia: Hanuman is a revered heroic figure in Khmer history in southeast Asia. He features predominantly in the Reamker, a Cambodian epic poem, based on the Sanskrit's Ramayana epic.Intricate carvings on the walls of Angkor Wat depict scenes from the Ramayana including those of Hanuman.
In Cambodia and many other parts of southeast Asia, mask dance and shadow theatre arts celebrate Hanuman with Ream (same as Rama of India). Hanuman is represented by a white mask.Particularly popular in southeast Asian theatre are Hanuman's accomplishments as a martial artist and as an amorous seducer of women, in interpolated plays that are missing from most versions of the Indian Ramayana.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediareamker ]
[ Hanumanwiki/org ]
[ Business ]
[ Booksgooglebooks ]
Indonesia: Hanuman is the central character in many of the historic dance and drama art works such as Wayang Wong found in Hindu communities of Bali Indonesia. These performance arts can be traced to at least the 10th century. He has been popular, along with the local versions of Ramayana in other islands of Indonesia such as Java.
In major medieval era Hindu temples, archeological sites and manuscripts discovered in Indonesian and Malay islands, Hanuman features prominently along with Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Vishvamitra and Sugriva. The most studied and detailed relief artworks are found in Candi Panataran and Prambanan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Rreamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Business ]
[ Googlebooks ]
Thailand: Hanuman has been a historic and popular character of Ramakien in Thai culture. He appears wearing a crown on his head and armor. He is depicted as an albino white, strong character with open mouth in action, sometimes shown carrying a trident. In Ramkien, Hanuman is a devoted soldier of Rama. Unlike in Indian adaptations, he is not celibate, and he is presented as a ladies man, according to Paula Richman. He meets the mermaid Suvannamaccha and the couple have a son. Hanuman plays a dominant role in the Thai version of the Ramayana epic.
Like the Indian tradition, Hanuman is the patron of martial arts and an example of courage, fortitude and excellence in Thailand.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikkipedia/org/reamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Businees ]
[ Googlebooks ]
References:
George M. Williams (2008). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2.
Jump up ^ Brian A. Hatcher (2015). Hinduism in the Modern World. Routledge. ISBN 9781135046309.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibek Debroy (2012). The Mahabharata: Volume 3. Penguin Books. pp. 184 with footnote 686. ISBN 978-0-14-310015-7.
Jump up ^ "Hanuman", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-415-93919-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wendy Doniger, Hanuman: Hindu mythology, Encyclopaedia Britannica; For a summary of the Chinese text, see Xiyouji: NOVEL BY WU CHENG’EN
^ Jump up to: a b Susan Whitfield; Ursula Sims-Williams (2004). The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith. Serindia Publications. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-932476-13-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
^ Jump up to: a b J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1310–1311. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c Catherine Ludvik (1994). Hanumān in the Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki and the Rāmacaritamānasa of Tulasī Dāsa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 2–9. ISBN 978-81-208-1122-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Paula Richman (2010), Review: Lutgendorf, Philip's Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey, The Journal of Asian Studies; Vol 69, Issue 4 (Nov 2010), pages 1287-1288.
Jayant Lele (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 90-04-06370-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–32, 116, 257–259, 388–391. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Lutgendorf, Philip (1997). "Monkey in the Middle: The Status of Hanuman in Popular Hinduism". Religion. Routledge. 27 (4): 311–332. doi:10.1006/reli.1997.0095.
Jump up ^ Lutgendorf, Philip (1994). "My Hanuman Is Bigger Than Yours". History of Religions. University of Chicago Press. 33 (3): 211–245. doi:10.1086/463367.
Jump up ^ H. S. Walker (1998), Indigenous or Foreign? A Look at the Origins of the Monkey Hero Sun Wukong, Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 81. September 1998, Editor: Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania
Jump up ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri; Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri (2005). Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography. Mittal Publications. p. 45. ISBN 978-81-8324-026-0.
Jump up ^ J.H. Maronier (2013). Pictures of the Tropics: A Catalogue of Drawings, Water-Colours, Paintings and Sculptures in the Collection of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology in Leiden. Springer. p. 127. ISBN 978-94-017-6643-2.
Jump up ^ R. V. R. Murthy (2005). Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Development and Decentralization. Mittal Publications. p. 20. ISBN 978-81-8324-049-9.
Jump up ^ Uta Gärtner (1994). Tradition and Modernity in Myanmar. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 317. ISBN 978-3-8258-2186-9.
Jump up ^ Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5.
Jump up ^ Marijke Klokke (2006). Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-979-26-2499-1.
Jump up ^ Eugenio Barba; Nicola Savarese (2011). A Dictionary of Theatre Anthropology: The Secret Art of the Performer. Taylor & Francis. pp. 77 with Fig 13. ISBN 978-1-135-17635-8.
Jump up ^ ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.८६, Rigveda, Wikisource
^ Jump up to: a b c Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 23-25
Jump up ^ Legend of Ram–Retold. PublishAmerica. pp. 56–. ISBN 978-1-4512-2350-7.
Jump up ^ Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 22-23
Jump up ^ Nanditha Krishna (1 January 2010). Sacred Animals of India. Penguin Books India. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-0-14-306619-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Camille Bulcke; Dineśvara Prasāda (2010). Rāmakathā and Other Essays. Vani Prakashan. pp. 117–126. ISBN 978-93-5000-107-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Swami Parmeshwaranand. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas, Volume 1. Sarup & Sons. pp. 411–. ISBN 978-81-7625-226-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Diana L. Eck (1991). Devotion divine, Bhakti traditions from the regions of India: studies in honour of Charlotte Vaudeville. Egbert Forsten. pp. 69, 62–67. ISBN 978-90-6980-045-5., Quote: "Giving up his Rudra form, Lord Shiva as Hanuman adopted a monkey figure, only in view of his affection for Rama."
0 notes
Text
Sri Hanuman Chalisa
Doha
Shri Guru Charan Sarooja-raj Nija manu Mukura Sudhaari
Baranau Rahubhara Bimala Yasha Jo Dayaka Phala Chari
Budhee-Heen Thanu Jannikay Sumirow Pavana Kumara
Bala-Budhee Vidya Dehoo Mohee Harahu Kalesha Vikaara
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE:
] MAHARAJ HANUMAN ]
[ Video ]
[ Vedsutra hanuman ]
[ Hanuman chalisa blogspot ]
[ Speaking tree/these ]
Chopai
Jai Hanuman gyan gun sagar
Jai Kapis tihun lok ujagar
Ram doot atulit bal dhama
Anjaani-putra Pavan sut nama
Mahabir Bikram Bajrangi
Kumati nivar sumati Ke sangi
Kanchan varan viraj subesa
Kanan Kundal Kunchit Kesha
Hath Vajra Aur Dhuvaje Viraje
Kaandhe moonj janehu sajaiSankar suvan kesri Nandan
Tej prataap maha jag vandan
Vidyavaan guni ati chatur
Ram kaj karibe ko aatur
Prabu charitra sunibe-ko rasiya
Ram Lakhan Sita man Basiya
Sukshma roop dhari Siyahi dikhava
Vikat roop dhari lank jarava
Bhima roop dhari asur sanghare
Ramachandra ke kaj sanvare
Laye Sanjivan Lakhan Jiyaye
Shri Raghuvir Harashi ur laye
Raghupati Kinhi bahut badai
Tum mam priye Bharat-hi-sam bhai
Sahas badan tumharo yash gaave
Asa-kahi Shripati kanth lagaave
Sankadhik Brahmaadi Muneesa
Narad-Sarad sahit Aheesa
Yam Kuber Digpaal Jahan teav
i kovid kahi sake kahan te
Tum upkar Sugreevahin keenha
Ram milaye rajpad deenha
Tumharo mantra Vibheeshan maana
Lankeshwar Bhaye Sub jag jana
Yug sahastra jojan par Bhanu
Leelyo tahi madhur phal janu
Prabhu mudrika meli mukh mahee
Jaladhi langhi gaye achraj nahee
Durgaam kaj jagath ke jete
Sugam anugraha tumhre tete
Ram dwaare tum rakhvare
Hoat na agya binu paisare
Sub sukh lahae tumhari sar na
Tum rakshak kahu ko dar naa
Aapan tej samharo aapai
Teenhon lok hank te kanpai
Bhoot pisaach Nikat nahin aavai
Mahavir jab naam sunavae
Nase rog harae sab peera
Japat nirantar Hanumant beera
Sankat se Hanuman chudavae
Man Karam Vachan dyan jo lavai
Sab par Ram tapasvee raja
Tin ke kaj sakal Tum saja
Aur manorath jo koi lavai
Sohi amit jeevan phal pavai
Charon Yug partap tumhara
Hai persidh jagat ujiyara
Sadhu Sant ke tum Rakhware
Asur nikandan Ram dulhare
Ashta-sidhi nav nidhi ke dhata
As-var deen Janki mata
Ram rasayan tumhare pasa
Sada raho Raghupati ke dasa
Tumhare bhajan Ram ko pavai
Janam-janam ke dukh bisraavai
Anth-kaal Raghuvir pur jayee
Jahan janam Hari-Bakht Kahayee
Aur Devta Chit na dharehi
Hanumanth se hi sarve sukh karehi
Sankat kate-mite sab peera
Jo sumirai Hanumat Balbeera
Jai Jai Jai Hanuman Gosahin
Kripa Karahu Gurudev ki nyahin
Jo sat bar path kare kohi
Chutehi bandhi maha sukh hohi
Jo yah padhe Hanuman Chalisa
Hoye siddhi sakhi Gaureesa
Tulsidas sada hari chera
Keejai Nath Hridaye mein dera
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindiastroyogi ]
[ Watchyoutubev=ulf2bj ]
[ Watchyoutubev=nr18coa ]
[ Raagtunes ]
[ Khabarindiatv ]
Doha
Pavan Tanay Sankat Harana
Mangala Murati Roop
Ram Lakhana Sita Sahita
Hriday Basahu Soor Bhoop
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maharaj Hanuman ]
[ Watchyoutubev=cblgjbeq ]
[ VedsutraHnuman chalisa ]
[ Hanuman chalisa bhajan ]
[ Speaking tree ].
Meaning: The Hanuman Chalisa (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː]; literally Forty chaupais on Hanuman) is a Hindu devotional hymn (stotra) addressed to Hanuman. ... Hanuman is a vanara (a monkey-like humanoid), a devotee of Ram, and one of the central characters in the Indian epic poem, the Ramayan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman ]
[ Speaking tree /blog meaning ]
[ The indianmythology ]
[ Watch youtubev=gjoe5gq ]
[ Hindiremedy/Hanuman ]
Who was Lord Hanuman?
Hanuman participated in Rama's war against the demon king Ravana. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. He is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Pawan, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
Hanuman ,(Sanskrit: हनुमान्) is an ardent devotee of Lord Rama and one of the central characters in the various versions of the epic Ramayana found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. As one of the Chiranjivi, he is also mentioned in several other texts, such as the Mahabharata the various Puranas and some Jain, Buddhist, and Sikh texts. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. Hanuman is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
His theological origins in Hinduism are unclear. Alternate theories include him having ancient roots, being a non-Aryan deity who was Sanskritized by the Vedic Aryans, or that he is a fusion deity who emerged in literary works from folk Yaksha protector deities and theological symbolism.
While Hanuman is one of the central characters in the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, the evidence of devotional worship to him is missing in the texts and archeological sites of ancient and most of the medieval period. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist known for his studies on Hanuman, the theological significance and devotional dedication to Hanuman emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas expressed Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been increasingly common. He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti. In later literature, he has been the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling, acrobatics, as well as meditation and diligent scholarship. He symbolizes the human excellences of inner self-control, faith and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like a monkey.
Besides being a popular deity in Hinduism, Hanuman is also found in Jainism and Buddhism. He is also a legendary character in legends and arts found outside Indian subcontinent such as in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia and Bali Indonesia. Outside India, Hanuman shares many characteristics with the Hindu versions in India, but differs in others. He is heroic, brave and steadfastly chaste, much like in the Sanskrit tradition, but not celibate. He marries and has children in other cultures, as is the case in a few regional versions in India. Hanuman is stated by scholars to be the inspiration for the allegory-filled adventures of a monkey hero in the Xiyouji (Journey to the West) – the great Chinese poetic novel influenced by the travels of Buddhist monk Xuanzang (602–664 CE) to India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman/org/wiki ]
[ Scoop whoop/inotheernew ]
[ Kasgar/god ]
[ Quora/how ]
[ Askgnesha/stories/hanuman/asp ]
Historical development:
Vedic roots:The earliest mention of a divine monkey, interpreted by some scholars as the proto-Hanuman, is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 1500 and 1200 BCE. The twenty three verses of the hymn is a metaphor and riddle filled legend. It is presented as a dialogue between multiple characters: god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Vrisakapi and his wife Kapi. The hymn opens with Indrani complaining to Indra that some of the soma offerings for Indra have been assigned to the energetic and strong monkey, and the people are forgetting Indra. The king of gods Indra responds by stating to his wife that the living being (monkey) that bothers her is to be seen as a friend, and that they should make an effort to be together in peace. The hymn closes with all agreeing that they should come together in Indra's house and share the wealth of offerings.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hnaman org /Hanuman ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa vednotesaspx ]
[ Astrojyoti Sankat mochan ]
[ Astrojyoti ]
This hymn, which includes an explicit discussion of sex and differences between species, has been interpreted in a number of ways by contemporary scholars. R.N. Dandekar states that it may metaphorically refer to another fertility god, while Wendy Doniger compares it to horse sacrifice. Stephanie Jamison states that the hymn mentions a bull-monkey, a euphemism for a horse and fertility ritual, very different from later era Hanuman. According to Philip Lutgendorf, there is "no convincing evidence for a monkey-worshipping cult in ancient India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maahiastro/abhi/Hanuman vedsutra ]
[ Astrojyoti/Sankatmochan ]
[ Atrojyoti ]
Tamil roots: The orientalist F. E. Pargiter (1852-1927) theorized that Hanuman was a proto-Dravidian deity. According to this theory, the name "Hanuman" derives from the Tamil word for male monkey (ana-mandi), first transformed to "Anumant" – a name which remains in use. "Anumant", according to this hypothesis, was later Sanskritized to "Hanuman" because the ancient Aryans confronted with a popular monkey deity of ancient Dravidians coopted the concept and then Sanskritized it. According to Murray Emeneau, known for his Tamil linguistic studies, this theory does not make sense because the Old Tamil word mandi in Caṅkam literature can only mean "female monkey", and Hanuman is male. Further, adds Emeneau, the compound ana-mandi makes no semantic sense in Tamil, which has well developed and sophisticated grammar and semantic rules. The "prominent jaw" etymology, according to Emeneau, is therefore plausible.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyourtubev=oferj;jz ]
[ Watchyoutubev=wqivcxoez8 ]
[ Saavn/tamilshri/Hanuman ]
[ Imgur/xjk5leb ]
[ Pinterest/pin/29097842598892092 ]
Epics and Puranas: Hanuman is mentioned in both the Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. A twentieth-century Jesuit missionary Camille Bulcke, in his Ramkatha: Utpatti Aur Vikas ("The tale of Rama: its origin and development"), proposed that Hanuman worship had its basis in the cults of aboriginal tribes of Central India.
Hanuman is mentioned in the Puranas. A medieval legend posited Hanuman as an avatar of the god Shiva by the 10th century CE (this development possibly started as early as in the 8th century CE). Hanuman is mentioned as an avatar of Shiva or Rudra in the medieval era Sanskrit texts like the Mahabhagvata Purana, the Skanda Purana, the Brhaddharma Purana and the Mahanataka among others. This development might have been a result of the Shavite attempts to insert their ishta devata (cherished deity) in the Vaishnavite texts.
Other mythologies, such as those found in South India, present Hanuman as a being who is the union of Shiva and Vishnu, or associated with the origin of Ayyappa. The 17th century Odia work Rasavinoda by Dinakrishnadasa goes on to mention that the three gods – Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva – combined to take to the form of Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyoutubev=f3wbngiamkc ]
[ Pinterest/pin/214554369718103316 ]
[ Pinerest/pin/31729273622422297 ]
[ Facebook/events/102949966704952 ]
[ Pinterest/rashmi112lord ]
Late medieval and modern era: In Valmiki's Ramayana, estimated to have been composed before or in about the 3rd century BCE, Hanuman is an important, creative character as a simian helper and messenger for Rama. The character evolved over time, reflecting regional cultural values. It is, however, in the late medieval era that his profile evolves into more central role and dominance as the exemplary spiritual devotee, particularly with the popular vernacular text Ramcharitmanas by Tulasidas . According to scholars such as Patrick Peebles and others, during a period of religious turmoil and Islamic rule of the Indian subcontinent, the Bhakti movement and devotionalism-oriented Bhakti yoga had emerged as a major trend in Hindu culture by the 16th-century, and the Ramcharitmanas presented Rama as a Vishnu avatar, supreme being and a personal god worthy of devotion, with Hanuman as the ideal loving devotee with legendary courage, strength and powers.
Hanuman evolved and emerged in this era as the ideal combination of shakti and bhakti. Stories and folk traditions in and after the 17th century, began to reformulate and present Hanuman as a divine being, as a descendent of deities, and as an avatar of Shiva. He emerged as a champion of those religiously persecuted, expressing resistance, a yogi, an inspiration for martial artists and warriors, character with less fur and increasingly human symbolizing cherished virtues and internal values worthy of devotion in his own right. Hindu monks morphed into soldiers, and they named their organizations after Hanuman.This evolution of Hanuman's character, religious and cultural role as well as his iconography continued through the colonial era and in post-colonial times.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Devdutt/articles/applied/queer ]
[ Columbia/its/mealac/prichett ]
[ Wikivisually/wiki/hanuman ]
[ exoticidiart/Mahavir ]
[ Ncbi/nih/ ]
Birth: In Indian mythology, Hanuman was born to Anjana and father Kesari.Hanuman is also called the son of the deity Vayu (Wind god, himself the son of Vishnu) because of legends associated with Vayu's role in Hanuman's birth. One story mentioned in Eknath's Bhavartha Ramayana (16th century CE) states that when Anjana was worshiping Shiva, the King Dasharatha of Ayodhya was also performing the ritual of Putrakama yagna in order to have children. As a result, he received some sacred pudding (payasam) to be shared by his three wives, leading to the births of Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. By divine ordinance, a kite snatched a fragment of that pudding and dropped it while flying over the forest where Anjana was engaged in worship. Vayu, the Hindu deity of the wind, delivered the falling pudding to the outstretched hands of Anjana, who consumed it. Hanuman was born to her as a result.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Quora/what ]
[ Speaking tree/alsiides/birth ]
[ Site google/site/hanumanstale ]
[ Apnisanskriti ]
[ Scoopwhoopinothernews ]
Childhood: According to Valmiki's Ramayana, one morning in his childhood, Hanuman was hungry and saw the rising red colored sun. Mistaking it for a ripe fruit, he leapt up to eat it. In one version of the Hindu legend, the king of gods Indra intervened and struck his thunderbolt. It hit Hanuman on his jaw, and he fell to the earth unconscious with a broken jaw. His father, Vayu (air), states Ramayana in section 4.65, became upset and withdrew. The lack of air created immense suffering to all living beings. This led Prajapati, the god of life, to intervene and resuscitate Hanuman, which in turn prompted Vayu to return to the living beings.
In another Hindu version of his childhood legend, which Lutgendorf states is likely older and also found in Jain texts such as the 8th-century Dhurtakhyana, after Hanuman's Icarus like leap for the sun, it proves to be fatal and he is burnt to ashes from sun's heat. His ashes fall onto the earth and oceans.Gods then gather the ashes and his bones from land and, with the help of fishes, from the water and re-assemble him. They find everything except one fragment of his jaw bone. His great grandfather on his mother's side then asks Surya to restore the child to life. Surya returns him to life, but Hanuman is left with a disfigured jaw.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ kinsgen/fable and fairytale ]
[ Sanatansocietyorg/indians ]
[ Balagokulam/kids/stories ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lords ]
[ Cybestro/articles/lord ]
Attributes:
Chiranjivi (immortal): various versions of Ramayana and Rama Katha state towards their end, just before Rama and Lakshmana die, that Hanuman is blessed to be immortal. He will be a part of humanity forever, while the story of Rama lives on.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediaorg/chiranjvi ]
[ Quora/who ]
[ Hinduism/question ]
[ Speaking tree/.asllides/hanuman ]
[ Speakingtree /lord ]
Kurūp and Sundar: he is described in Hindu texts as kurūp (ugly) on the outside, but divinely sundar (beautiful inside).
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Google/book/isbn=9352784251 ]
[ Youtubev=y;n5wbj6umm ]
[ Google books ]
[ Watchyoutubev=xodlbrssh ]
[ Wikipedia/wiki/sundrakanda ]
Kama-rupin: He can shape shift, become smaller than the smallest, larger than the largest adversary at will. He uses this attribute to shrink and enter Lanka, as he searches for the kidnapped Sita imprisoned in Lanka. Later on, he takes on the size of a mountain, blazing with radiance, to show his true power to Sita.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia/hanuman ]
[ Kasgar ]
[ Drmichaelamas/god ]
[ Busindia ]
[ Accollegemendara ]
Strength: Hanuman is extraordinarily strong, one capable of lifting and carrying any burden for a cause. He is called Vira, Mahavira, Mahabala and other names signifying this attribute of his. During the epic war between Rama and Ravana, Rama's brother Lakshmana is wounded. He can only be healed and his death prevented by a herb found in a particular Himalayan mountain. Hanuman leaps and finds the mountain. There, states Ramayana, Hanuman finds the mountain is full of many herbs. He doesn't know which one to take. So, he lifts the entire Himalayan mountain and carries it across India to Lanka for Lakshmana. His immense strength thus helps Lakshmana recover from his wound. This legend is the popular basis for the iconography where he is shown flying and carrying a mountain on his palm.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord/intersesting ]
[ Wikipedia/wik/hanuman ]
[ Dollsofindia/libary ]
[ Ankurlearningsolution ]
Innovative: Hanuman is described as someone who constantly faces very difficult odds, where the adversary or circumstances threaten his mission with certain defeat and his very existence. Yet he finds an innovative way to turn the odds. For example, after he finds Sita, delivers Rama's message, and persuades her that he is indeed Rama's true messenger, he is discovered by the prison guards. They arrest Hanuman, and under Ravana's orders take him to a public execution. There, the Ravana's guards begin his torture, tie his tail with oiled cloth and put it on fire. Hanuman then leaps, jumps from one palace rooftop to another, thus burning everything down.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Indiamarthanuman printer ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Google book?isbn=8184247613 ]
[ Googlebook?isbn=9384225762 ]
[ Allabuotoutdoor/news ]
Bhakti: Hanuman is presented as the exemplary devotee (bhakta) of Rama and Sita. The Hindu texts such as the Bhagavata Purana, the Bhakta Mala, the Ananda Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas present him as someone who is talented, strong, brave and spiritually devoted to Rama. The Rama stories such as the Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas, in turn themselves, present the Hindu dharmic concept of the ideal, virtuous and compassionate man (Rama) and woman (Sita) thereby providing the context for attributes assigned therein for Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Youtubev=d7gj0z6ib7e ]
[ Youtubev=aetfvqonfv8 ]
[ Youtubev=y180b9qilml ]
[ Youtubev=xpnhiseop ]
[ Bhaktigaane ]
Learned Yogi: In the late medieval texts and thereafter, such as those by Tulasidas, attributes of Hanuman include learned in Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism, the Vedas, a poet, a polymath, a grammarian, a singer and musician par excellence.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanumanwiki ]
[ Exoticidimart/hanuman ]
[ Gaia/article/hanuman ]
[ dlsq/religious ]
[ Google ]
Ramayana: The Sundara Kanda, the fifth book in the Ramayana, focuses on Hanuman. Hanuman meets Rama in the last year the latter's 14-year exile, after the demon king Ravana had kidnapped Sita. With his brother Lakshmana, Rama is searching for his wife Sita. This, and related Rama legends are the most extensive stories about Hanuman.
Numerous versions of the Ramayana exist within India. These present variant legends of Hanuman, Rama, Sita, Lakshamana and Ravana. The characters and their descriptions vary, in some cases quite significantly.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman/blog ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Amazon/hanuman ]
[ Hinduismstackexhange ]
[ Youtube ]
Mahabharata: The Mahabharata is another major epic which has a short mention of Hanuman. In Book 3, the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata, he is presented as a half brother of Bhima, who meets him accidentally on his way to Mount Kailasha. A man of extraordinary strength, Bhima is unable to move Hanuman's tail, making him realize and acknowledge the strength of Hanuman. This story attests to the ancient chronology of the Hanuman character. It is also a part of artwork and reliefs such as those at the Vijayanagara ruins.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Speaking tree/mysterious ]
[ Boldsky ]
[ Quora ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Youtubev=kmh ]
Other literature: Apart from Ramayana and Mahabharata, Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts. Some of these stories add to his adventures mentioned in the earlier epics, while others tell alternative stories of his life. The Skanda Purana mentions Hanuman in Rameswaram.
In a South Indian version of Shiva Purana, Hanuman is described as the son of Shiva and Mohini (the female avatar of Vishnu), or alternatively his mythology has been linked to or merged with the origin of Swami Ayyappa who is popular in parts of South India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Radhaswami/video ]
[ Purebhakti ]
[ Radhaswami net/09:009 ]
[ Youtube ]
[Watch youtube ]
Buddhism: Hanuman appears with a Buddhist gloss in Tibetan (southwest China) and Khotanese (west China, central Asia and northern Iran) versions of Ramayana. The Khotanese versions have a Jataka tales like theme, but are generally similar to the Hindu texts in the story line and in the character of Hanuman. The Tibetan version is more embellished, and without attempts to put a Jataka gloss. Further, in Tibetan version, novel elements appear such as where Hanuman carries love letters between Rama and Sita in addition to the Hindu version where Rama sends with him the wedding ring as a message to Sita. Further, in Tibetan version, Rama chides Hanuman for not corresponding with him through letters more often implying that the monkey-messenger and warrior is a learned being who can read and write letters.
In Sri Lankan version of Ramayana, which are titled after Ravana, the story is less melodramatic than the Indian versions. Many of the bravery and innovativeness legends relating to Hanuman are found in Sinhala versions, the characters have Buddhist themes, and lack the embedded ethics and values structure according to Hindu dharma. According to Hera Walker, some Sinhalese communities seek the aid of Hanuman through prayers to his mother. In Chinese Buddhist texts, states Arthur Cotterall, myths mention meeting of the Buddha with Hanuman, as well as Hanuman's great triumphs. According to Rosalind Lefeber, the arrival of Hanuman in East Asian Buddhist text may trace its roots to the translation of Ramayana into Chinese and Tibetan in 6th-century CE.
In both China and Japan, according to Lutgendorf, much like India there is a lack of a radical divide between humans and animals, with all living beings and nature assumed to be related to humans. There is no exaltation of humans over animals or nature, unlike the Western traditions. Divine monkey has been a part of the historic literature and culture of China and Japan, possibly influenced by the close cultural contact through Buddhist monks and pilgrimage to India over two millennia. For example, the Japanese text Keiranshuyoshu, while presenting its mythology about divine monkey, that is the theriomorphic Shinto emblem of Hie shrines, describes a flying white monkey that carries a mountain from India to China, then from China to Japan. Many Japanese shrines and village boundaries, dated to be from 8th to 14th centuries, feature monkey deity as guardians or intermediaries between the humans and the gods.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Buddhagarden ]
[ Wikihanuman ]
[ Dharmawheel ]
[ Easternspriuallty ]
[ Britanica ]
Jainism: Main articles: Rama in Jainism and Salakapurusa
Paumacariya (also known as Pauma Chariu or Padmacharit), the Jain version of Ramayana written by Vimalasuri, mentions Hanuman not as a divine monkey, but as a Vidyadhara (a supernatural being, demigod in Jain cosmology). He is the son of Pavangati (wind deity) and Anjana Sundari. Anjana gives birth to Hanuman in a forest cave, after being banished by her in-laws. Her maternal uncle rescues her from the forest; while boarding his vimana, Anjana accidentally drops her baby on a rock. However, the baby remains uninjured while the rock is shattered. The baby is raised in Hanuruha, his great uncle's island kingdom, from which Hanuman gets his name. Hanuman's strength is not his own achievement, but attributed to his mother's asceticism. In Jain texts, Hanuman is depicted as the 17th of 24 Kamadevas, the one who is ultimately handsome.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Jainismworld ]
[ Indiaforum ]
[ Enyclopedia ]
[ Wikipedia Rama inJainism ]
[ Hindu ]
Sikhism: In Sikhism, Hindu god Rama has been referred to as Sri Ram Chandar, and the story of Hanuman as a siddha has been influential. After the birth of martial Sikh Khalsa movement in 1699, during the 18th and 19th century, Hanuman was an inspiration and object of reverence by the Khalsa. Some Khalsa regiments brought along Hanuman image to the battle ground. The Sikh texts such as Hanuman Natak composed by Hirda Ram Bhalla, and Das Gur Katha by Kavi Kankan describe the heroic deeds of Hanuman. According to Louis Fenech, the Sikh tradition states that Guru Gobind Singh was a fond reader of the Hanuman Natak text.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Sikhnet ]
[ Sikhiwiki/index ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Info/page ]
[ Quora ]
Southeast Asian texts: The non-Indian versions of Ramayana, such as the Thai Ramakien, mention that Hanuman had relationships with multiple women, including Svayamprabha, Benjakaya (Vibhisana's daughter), Suvannamaccha and even Ravana's wife Mandodari. According to these versions of the Ramayana, Macchanu is son of Hanuman borne by Suvannamaccha, daughter of Ravana. The Jain text Paumacariya mentions that Hanuman married Lankasundari, the daughter of Lanka's chief defender Bajramukha.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Survannmaccha ]
[ Googleid? ]
[ Google book ]
[ Googlebook? ]
[ Britanica/hanuman ]
Significance and influence : Hanuman became more important in the medieval period and came to be portrayed as the ideal devotee (bhakta) of Rama. Hanuman's life, devotion, celibacy and strength inspired wrestlers in India.
According to Philip Lutgendorf, devotionalism to Hanuman and his theological significance emerged long after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE. His prominence grew after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. He is viewed as the ideal combination of shakti ("strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence") and bhakti ("loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama"). Beyond wrestlers, he has been the patron god of other martial arts. He is stated to be a gifted grammarian, meditating yogi and diligent scholar. He exemplifies the human excellences of temperance, faith and service to a cause.
In 17th-century north and western regions of India, Hanuman emerged as an expression of resistance and dedication against Islamic persecution. For example, the bhakti poet-saint Ramdas presented Hanuman as a symbol of Marathi nationalism and resistance to Mughal Empire.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindukjaruti ]
[ Hinduwebsite ]
[ Exoticindiamart/article/hanuman ]
[ Scoopwhoop ]
[ Googlebook ]
Iconography:
Hanuman's iconography shows him either with other central characters of the Ramayana or by himself. If with Rama and Sita, he is shown to the right of Rama, as a devotee bowing or kneeling before them with a Namaste (Anjali Hasta) posture. If alone, he carries weapons such as a big Gada (mace) and thunderbolt (vajra), sometimes in a scene reminiscent of a scene from his life.
In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been common. He is typically shown with Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, near or in Vaishnavism temples, as well as by himself usually opening his chest to symbolically show images of Rama and Sita near his heart. He is also popular among the followers of Shaivism.
In north India, aniconic representation of Hanuman such as a round stone has been in use by yogi, as a means to help focus on the abstract asSpects of him.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Es.scribed/document ]
[ Documentshanuman ]
[ Wikipedia ]
[ Pinterest ]
[ Book ]
Temples and shrines: Hanuman is often worshipped along with Rama and Sita of Vaishnavism, sometimes independently. There are numerous statues to celebrate or temples to worship Hanuman all over India. In some regions, he is considered as an avatar of Shiva, the focus of Shaivism.According to a review by Lutgendorf, some scholars state that the earliest Hanuman murtis appeared in the 8th-century, but verifiable evidence of Hanuman images and inscriptions appear in the 10th century in Indian monasteries in central and north India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Workthrougfh ]
[ Tourmyindia ]
[ Tourmyindia/blog ]
[ Scoopwhoop/haunted ]
Festivals and celebrations:
Hanuman is a central character in the annual Ramlila celebrations in India, and seasonal dramatic arts in southeast Asia particularly Thailand, Bali and Java Indonesia. Ramlila is a dramatic folk re-enactment of the life of Rama according to the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana or secondary literature based on it such as the Ramcharitmanas. It particularly refers to the thousands of dramatic plays and dance events, that are staged during the annual autumn festival of Navratri in India. Hanuman is features in many parts of the folk enacted play of the legendary war between Good and Evil, with the celebrations climaxing in the Dussehra (Dasara, Vijayadashami) night festivities where the giant grotesque effigies of Evil such as of demon Ravana are burnt, typically with fireworks.
Hanuman's birthday is observed by some Hindus as Hanuman Jayanti. It falls in much of India in the traditional month of Chaitra in lunisolar Hindu calendar, which overlaps with March and April. However, in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Hanuman Jayanthi is observed in the regional Hindu month of Margazhi, which overlaps with December and January. The festive day is observed with devotees gathering at Hanuman temples before sunrise, and day long spiritual recitations and story reading about the victory of good over evil.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman ]
[ Hanumanfestival ]
[ Hanumanfestivalhome revised ]
[ Hanumanfestival/resources ]
[ Hanumanfestival cause ]
Hanuman in Southeast Asia:
Cambodia: Hanuman is a revered heroic figure in Khmer history in southeast Asia. He features predominantly in the Reamker, a Cambodian epic poem, based on the Sanskrit's Ramayana epic.Intricate carvings on the walls of Angkor Wat depict scenes from the Ramayana including those of Hanuman.
In Cambodia and many other parts of southeast Asia, mask dance and shadow theatre arts celebrate Hanuman with Ream (same as Rama of India). Hanuman is represented by a white mask.Particularly popular in southeast Asian theatre are Hanuman's accomplishments as a martial artist and as an amorous seducer of women, in interpolated plays that are missing from most versions of the Indian Ramayana.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediareamker ]
[ Hanumanwiki/org ]
[ Business ]
[ Booksgooglebooks ]
Indonesia: Hanuman is the central character in many of the historic dance and drama art works such as Wayang Wong found in Hindu communities of Bali Indonesia. These performance arts can be traced to at least the 10th century. He has been popular, along with the local versions of Ramayana in other islands of Indonesia such as Java.
In major medieval era Hindu temples, archeological sites and manuscripts discovered in Indonesian and Malay islands, Hanuman features prominently along with Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Vishvamitra and Sugriva. The most studied and detailed relief artworks are found in Candi Panataran and Prambanan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Rreamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Business ]
[ Googlebooks ]
Thailand: Hanuman has been a historic and popular character of Ramakien in Thai culture. He appears wearing a crown on his head and armor. He is depicted as an albino white, strong character with open mouth in action, sometimes shown carrying a trident. In Ramkien, Hanuman is a devoted soldier of Rama. Unlike in Indian adaptations, he is not celibate, and he is presented as a ladies man, according to Paula Richman. He meets the mermaid Suvannamaccha and the couple have a son. Hanuman plays a dominant role in the Thai version of the Ramayana epic.
Like the Indian tradition, Hanuman is the patron of martial arts and an example of courage, fortitude and excellence in Thailand.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikkipedia/org/reamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Businees ]
[ Googlebooks ]
References:
George M. Williams (2008). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2.
Jump up ^ Brian A. Hatcher (2015). Hinduism in the Modern World. Routledge. ISBN 9781135046309.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibek Debroy (2012). The Mahabharata: Volume 3. Penguin Books. pp. 184 with footnote 686. ISBN 978-0-14-310015-7.
Jump up ^ "Hanuman", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-415-93919-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wendy Doniger, Hanuman: Hindu mythology, Encyclopaedia Britannica; For a summary of the Chinese text, see Xiyouji: NOVEL BY WU CHENG’EN
^ Jump up to: a b Susan Whitfield; Ursula Sims-Williams (2004). The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith. Serindia Publications. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-932476-13-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
^ Jump up to: a b J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1310–1311. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c Catherine Ludvik (1994). Hanumān in the Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki and the Rāmacaritamānasa of Tulasī Dāsa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 2–9. ISBN 978-81-208-1122-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Paula Richman (2010), Review: Lutgendorf, Philip's Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey, The Journal of Asian Studies; Vol 69, Issue 4 (Nov 2010), pages 1287-1288.
Jayant Lele (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 90-04-06370-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–32, 116, 257–259, 388–391. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Lutgendorf, Philip (1997). "Monkey in the Middle: The Status of Hanuman in Popular Hinduism". Religion. Routledge. 27 (4): 311–332. doi:10.1006/reli.1997.0095.
Jump up ^ Lutgendorf, Philip (1994). "My Hanuman Is Bigger Than Yours". History of Religions. University of Chicago Press. 33 (3): 211–245. doi:10.1086/463367.
Jump up ^ H. S. Walker (1998), Indigenous or Foreign? A Look at the Origins of the Monkey Hero Sun Wukong, Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 81. September 1998, Editor: Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania
Jump up ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri; Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri (2005). Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography. Mittal Publications. p. 45. ISBN 978-81-8324-026-0.
Jump up ^ J.H. Maronier (2013). Pictures of the Tropics: A Catalogue of Drawings, Water-Colours, Paintings and Sculptures in the Collection of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology in Leiden. Springer. p. 127. ISBN 978-94-017-6643-2.
Jump up ^ R. V. R. Murthy (2005). Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Development and Decentralization. Mittal Publications. p. 20. ISBN 978-81-8324-049-9.
Jump up ^ Uta Gärtner (1994). Tradition and Modernity in Myanmar. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 317. ISBN 978-3-8258-2186-9.
Jump up ^ Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5.
Jump up ^ Marijke Klokke (2006). Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-979-26-2499-1.
Jump up ^ Eugenio Barba; Nicola Savarese (2011). A Dictionary of Theatre Anthropology: The Secret Art of the Performer. Taylor & Francis. pp. 77 with Fig 13. ISBN 978-1-135-17635-8.
Jump up ^ ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.८६, Rigveda, Wikisource
^ Jump up to: a b c Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 23-25
Jump up ^ Legend of Ram–Retold. PublishAmerica. pp. 56–. ISBN 978-1-4512-2350-7.
Jump up ^ Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 22-23
Jump up ^ Nanditha Krishna (1 January 2010). Sacred Animals of India. Penguin Books India. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-0-14-306619-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Camille Bulcke; Dineśvara Prasāda (2010). Rāmakathā and Other Essays. Vani Prakashan. pp. 117–126. ISBN 978-93-5000-107-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Swami Parmeshwaranand. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas, Volume 1. Sarup & Sons. pp. 411–. ISBN 978-81-7625-226-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Diana L. Eck (1991). Devotion divine, Bhakti traditions from the regions of India: studies in honour of Charlotte Vaudeville. Egbert Forsten. pp. 69, 62–67. ISBN 978-90-6980-045-5., Quote: "Giving up his Rudra form, Lord Shiva as Hanuman adopted a monkey figure, only in view of his affection for Rama."
0 notes
Text
Sri Hanuman Chalisa
Doha
Shri Guru Charan Sarooja-raj Nija manu Mukura Sudhaari
Baranau Rahubhara Bimala Yasha Jo Dayaka Phala Chari
Budhee-Heen Thanu Jannikay Sumirow Pavana Kumara
Bala-Budhee Vidya Dehoo Mohee Harahu Kalesha Vikaara
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE:
] MAHARAJ HANUMAN ]
[ Video ]
[ Vedsutra hanuman ]
[ Hanuman chalisa blogspot ]
[ Speaking tree/these ]
Chopai
Jai Hanuman gyan gun sagar
Jai Kapis tihun lok ujagar
Ram doot atulit bal dhama
Anjaani-putra Pavan sut nama
Mahabir Bikram Bajrangi
Kumati nivar sumati Ke sangi
Kanchan varan viraj subesa
Kanan Kundal Kunchit Kesha
Hath Vajra Aur Dhuvaje Viraje
Kaandhe moonj janehu sajaiSankar suvan kesri Nandan
Tej prataap maha jag vandan
Vidyavaan guni ati chatur
Ram kaj karibe ko aatur
Prabu charitra sunibe-ko rasiya
Ram Lakhan Sita man Basiya
Sukshma roop dhari Siyahi dikhava
Vikat roop dhari lank jarava
Bhima roop dhari asur sanghare
Ramachandra ke kaj sanvare
Laye Sanjivan Lakhan Jiyaye
Shri Raghuvir Harashi ur laye
Raghupati Kinhi bahut badai
Tum mam priye Bharat-hi-sam bhai
Sahas badan tumharo yash gaave
Asa-kahi Shripati kanth lagaave
Sankadhik Brahmaadi Muneesa
Narad-Sarad sahit Aheesa
Yam Kuber Digpaal Jahan teav
i kovid kahi sake kahan te
Tum upkar Sugreevahin keenha
Ram milaye rajpad deenha
Tumharo mantra Vibheeshan maana
Lankeshwar Bhaye Sub jag jana
Yug sahastra jojan par Bhanu
Leelyo tahi madhur phal janu
Prabhu mudrika meli mukh mahee
Jaladhi langhi gaye achraj nahee
Durgaam kaj jagath ke jete
Sugam anugraha tumhre tete
Ram dwaare tum rakhvare
Hoat na agya binu paisare
Sub sukh lahae tumhari sar na
Tum rakshak kahu ko dar naa
Aapan tej samharo aapai
Teenhon lok hank te kanpai
Bhoot pisaach Nikat nahin aavai
Mahavir jab naam sunavae
Nase rog harae sab peera
Japat nirantar Hanumant beera
Sankat se Hanuman chudavae
Man Karam Vachan dyan jo lavai
Sab par Ram tapasvee raja
Tin ke kaj sakal Tum saja
Aur manorath jo koi lavai
Sohi amit jeevan phal pavai
Charon Yug partap tumhara
Hai persidh jagat ujiyara
Sadhu Sant ke tum Rakhware
Asur nikandan Ram dulhare
Ashta-sidhi nav nidhi ke dhata
As-var deen Janki mata
Ram rasayan tumhare pasa
Sada raho Raghupati ke dasa
Tumhare bhajan Ram ko pavai
Janam-janam ke dukh bisraavai
Anth-kaal Raghuvir pur jayee
Jahan janam Hari-Bakht Kahayee
Aur Devta Chit na dharehi
Hanumanth se hi sarve sukh karehi
Sankat kate-mite sab peera
Jo sumirai Hanumat Balbeera
Jai Jai Jai Hanuman Gosahin
Kripa Karahu Gurudev ki nyahin
Jo sat bar path kare kohi
Chutehi bandhi maha sukh hohi
Jo yah padhe Hanuman Chalisa
Hoye siddhi sakhi Gaureesa
Tulsidas sada hari chera
Keejai Nath Hridaye mein dera
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindiastroyogi ]
[ Watchyoutubev=ulf2bj ]
[ Watchyoutubev=nr18coa ]
[ Raagtunes ]
[ Khabarindiatv ]
Doha
Pavan Tanay Sankat Harana
Mangala Murati Roop
Ram Lakhana Sita Sahita
Hriday Basahu Soor Bhoop
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maharaj Hanuman ]
[ Watchyoutubev=cblgjbeq ]
[ VedsutraHnuman chalisa ]
[ Hanuman chalisa bhajan ]
[ Speaking tree ].
Meaning: The Hanuman Chalisa (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː]; literally Forty chaupais on Hanuman) is a Hindu devotional hymn (stotra) addressed to Hanuman. ... Hanuman is a vanara (a monkey-like humanoid), a devotee of Ram, and one of the central characters in the Indian epic poem, the Ramayan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman ]
[ Speaking tree /blog meaning ]
[ The indianmythology ]
[ Watch youtubev=gjoe5gq ]
[ Hindiremedy/Hanuman ]
Who was Lord Hanuman?
Hanuman participated in Rama's war against the demon king Ravana. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. He is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Pawan, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
Hanuman ,(Sanskrit: हनुमान्) is an ardent devotee of Lord Rama and one of the central characters in the various versions of the epic Ramayana found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. As one of the Chiranjivi, he is also mentioned in several other texts, such as the Mahabharata the various Puranas and some Jain, Buddhist, and Sikh texts. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. Hanuman is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
His theological origins in Hinduism are unclear. Alternate theories include him having ancient roots, being a non-Aryan deity who was Sanskritized by the Vedic Aryans, or that he is a fusion deity who emerged in literary works from folk Yaksha protector deities and theological symbolism.
While Hanuman is one of the central characters in the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, the evidence of devotional worship to him is missing in the texts and archeological sites of ancient and most of the medieval period. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist known for his studies on Hanuman, the theological significance and devotional dedication to Hanuman emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas expressed Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been increasingly common. He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti. In later literature, he has been the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling, acrobatics, as well as meditation and diligent scholarship. He symbolizes the human excellences of inner self-control, faith and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like a monkey.
Besides being a popular deity in Hinduism, Hanuman is also found in Jainism and Buddhism. He is also a legendary character in legends and arts found outside Indian subcontinent such as in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia and Bali Indonesia. Outside India, Hanuman shares many characteristics with the Hindu versions in India, but differs in others. He is heroic, brave and steadfastly chaste, much like in the Sanskrit tradition, but not celibate. He marries and has children in other cultures, as is the case in a few regional versions in India. Hanuman is stated by scholars to be the inspiration for the allegory-filled adventures of a monkey hero in the Xiyouji (Journey to the West) – the great Chinese poetic novel influenced by the travels of Buddhist monk Xuanzang (602–664 CE) to India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman/org/wiki ]
[ Scoop whoop/inotheernew ]
[ Kasgar/god ]
[ Quora/how ]
[ Askgnesha/stories/hanuman/asp ]
Historical development:
Vedic roots:The earliest mention of a divine monkey, interpreted by some scholars as the proto-Hanuman, is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 1500 and 1200 BCE. The twenty three verses of the hymn is a metaphor and riddle filled legend. It is presented as a dialogue between multiple characters: god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Vrisakapi and his wife Kapi. The hymn opens with Indrani complaining to Indra that some of the soma offerings for Indra have been assigned to the energetic and strong monkey, and the people are forgetting Indra. The king of gods Indra responds by stating to his wife that the living being (monkey) that bothers her is to be seen as a friend, and that they should make an effort to be together in peace. The hymn closes with all agreeing that they should come together in Indra's house and share the wealth of offerings.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hnaman org /Hanuman ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa vednotesaspx ]
[ Astrojyoti Sankat mochan ]
[ Astrojyoti ]
This hymn, which includes an explicit discussion of sex and differences between species, has been interpreted in a number of ways by contemporary scholars. R.N. Dandekar states that it may metaphorically refer to another fertility god, while Wendy Doniger compares it to horse sacrifice. Stephanie Jamison states that the hymn mentions a bull-monkey, a euphemism for a horse and fertility ritual, very different from later era Hanuman. According to Philip Lutgendorf, there is "no convincing evidence for a monkey-worshipping cult in ancient India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maahiastro/abhi/Hanuman vedsutra ]
[ Astrojyoti/Sankatmochan ]
[ Atrojyoti ]
Tamil roots: The orientalist F. E. Pargiter (1852-1927) theorized that Hanuman was a proto-Dravidian deity. According to this theory, the name "Hanuman" derives from the Tamil word for male monkey (ana-mandi), first transformed to "Anumant" – a name which remains in use. "Anumant", according to this hypothesis, was later Sanskritized to "Hanuman" because the ancient Aryans confronted with a popular monkey deity of ancient Dravidians coopted the concept and then Sanskritized it. According to Murray Emeneau, known for his Tamil linguistic studies, this theory does not make sense because the Old Tamil word mandi in Caṅkam literature can only mean "female monkey", and Hanuman is male. Further, adds Emeneau, the compound ana-mandi makes no semantic sense in Tamil, which has well developed and sophisticated grammar and semantic rules. The "prominent jaw" etymology, according to Emeneau, is therefore plausible.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyourtubev=oferj;jz ]
[ Watchyoutubev=wqivcxoez8 ]
[ Saavn/tamilshri/Hanuman ]
[ Imgur/xjk5leb ]
[ Pinterest/pin/29097842598892092 ]
Epics and Puranas: Hanuman is mentioned in both the Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. A twentieth-century Jesuit missionary Camille Bulcke, in his Ramkatha: Utpatti Aur Vikas ("The tale of Rama: its origin and development"), proposed that Hanuman worship had its basis in the cults of aboriginal tribes of Central India.
Hanuman is mentioned in the Puranas. A medieval legend posited Hanuman as an avatar of the god Shiva by the 10th century CE (this development possibly started as early as in the 8th century CE). Hanuman is mentioned as an avatar of Shiva or Rudra in the medieval era Sanskrit texts like the Mahabhagvata Purana, the Skanda Purana, the Brhaddharma Purana and the Mahanataka among others. This development might have been a result of the Shavite attempts to insert their ishta devata (cherished deity) in the Vaishnavite texts.
Other mythologies, such as those found in South India, present Hanuman as a being who is the union of Shiva and Vishnu, or associated with the origin of Ayyappa. The 17th century Odia work Rasavinoda by Dinakrishnadasa goes on to mention that the three gods – Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva – combined to take to the form of Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyoutubev=f3wbngiamkc ]
[ Pinterest/pin/214554369718103316 ]
[ Pinerest/pin/31729273622422297 ]
[ Facebook/events/102949966704952 ]
[ Pinterest/rashmi112lord ]
Late medieval and modern era: In Valmiki's Ramayana, estimated to have been composed before or in about the 3rd century BCE, Hanuman is an important, creative character as a simian helper and messenger for Rama. The character evolved over time, reflecting regional cultural values. It is, however, in the late medieval era that his profile evolves into more central role and dominance as the exemplary spiritual devotee, particularly with the popular vernacular text Ramcharitmanas by Tulasidas . According to scholars such as Patrick Peebles and others, during a period of religious turmoil and Islamic rule of the Indian subcontinent, the Bhakti movement and devotionalism-oriented Bhakti yoga had emerged as a major trend in Hindu culture by the 16th-century, and the Ramcharitmanas presented Rama as a Vishnu avatar, supreme being and a personal god worthy of devotion, with Hanuman as the ideal loving devotee with legendary courage, strength and powers.
Hanuman evolved and emerged in this era as the ideal combination of shakti and bhakti. Stories and folk traditions in and after the 17th century, began to reformulate and present Hanuman as a divine being, as a descendent of deities, and as an avatar of Shiva. He emerged as a champion of those religiously persecuted, expressing resistance, a yogi, an inspiration for martial artists and warriors, character with less fur and increasingly human symbolizing cherished virtues and internal values worthy of devotion in his own right. Hindu monks morphed into soldiers, and they named their organizations after Hanuman.This evolution of Hanuman's character, religious and cultural role as well as his iconography continued through the colonial era and in post-colonial times.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Devdutt/articles/applied/queer ]
[ Columbia/its/mealac/prichett ]
[ Wikivisually/wiki/hanuman ]
[ exoticidiart/Mahavir ]
[ Ncbi/nih/ ]
Birth: In Indian mythology, Hanuman was born to Anjana and father Kesari.Hanuman is also called the son of the deity Vayu (Wind god, himself the son of Vishnu) because of legends associated with Vayu's role in Hanuman's birth. One story mentioned in Eknath's Bhavartha Ramayana (16th century CE) states that when Anjana was worshiping Shiva, the King Dasharatha of Ayodhya was also performing the ritual of Putrakama yagna in order to have children. As a result, he received some sacred pudding (payasam) to be shared by his three wives, leading to the births of Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. By divine ordinance, a kite snatched a fragment of that pudding and dropped it while flying over the forest where Anjana was engaged in worship. Vayu, the Hindu deity of the wind, delivered the falling pudding to the outstretched hands of Anjana, who consumed it. Hanuman was born to her as a result.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Quora/what ]
[ Speaking tree/alsiides/birth ]
[ Site google/site/hanumanstale ]
[ Apnisanskriti ]
[ Scoopwhoopinothernews ]
Childhood: According to Valmiki's Ramayana, one morning in his childhood, Hanuman was hungry and saw the rising red colored sun. Mistaking it for a ripe fruit, he leapt up to eat it. In one version of the Hindu legend, the king of gods Indra intervened and struck his thunderbolt. It hit Hanuman on his jaw, and he fell to the earth unconscious with a broken jaw. His father, Vayu (air), states Ramayana in section 4.65, became upset and withdrew. The lack of air created immense suffering to all living beings. This led Prajapati, the god of life, to intervene and resuscitate Hanuman, which in turn prompted Vayu to return to the living beings.
In another Hindu version of his childhood legend, which Lutgendorf states is likely older and also found in Jain texts such as the 8th-century Dhurtakhyana, after Hanuman's Icarus like leap for the sun, it proves to be fatal and he is burnt to ashes from sun's heat. His ashes fall onto the earth and oceans.Gods then gather the ashes and his bones from land and, with the help of fishes, from the water and re-assemble him. They find everything except one fragment of his jaw bone. His great grandfather on his mother's side then asks Surya to restore the child to life. Surya returns him to life, but Hanuman is left with a disfigured jaw.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ kinsgen/fable and fairytale ]
[ Sanatansocietyorg/indians ]
[ Balagokulam/kids/stories ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lords ]
[ Cybestro/articles/lord ]
Attributes:
Chiranjivi (immortal): various versions of Ramayana and Rama Katha state towards their end, just before Rama and Lakshmana die, that Hanuman is blessed to be immortal. He will be a part of humanity forever, while the story of Rama lives on.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediaorg/chiranjvi ]
[ Quora/who ]
[ Hinduism/question ]
[ Speaking tree/.asllides/hanuman ]
[ Speakingtree /lord ]
Kurūp and Sundar: he is described in Hindu texts as kurūp (ugly) on the outside, but divinely sundar (beautiful inside).
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Google/book/isbn=9352784251 ]
[ Youtubev=y;n5wbj6umm ]
[ Google books ]
[ Watchyoutubev=xodlbrssh ]
[ Wikipedia/wiki/sundrakanda ]
Kama-rupin: He can shape shift, become smaller than the smallest, larger than the largest adversary at will. He uses this attribute to shrink and enter Lanka, as he searches for the kidnapped Sita imprisoned in Lanka. Later on, he takes on the size of a mountain, blazing with radiance, to show his true power to Sita.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia/hanuman ]
[ Kasgar ]
[ Drmichaelamas/god ]
[ Busindia ]
[ Accollegemendara ]
Strength: Hanuman is extraordinarily strong, one capable of lifting and carrying any burden for a cause. He is called Vira, Mahavira, Mahabala and other names signifying this attribute of his. During the epic war between Rama and Ravana, Rama's brother Lakshmana is wounded. He can only be healed and his death prevented by a herb found in a particular Himalayan mountain. Hanuman leaps and finds the mountain. There, states Ramayana, Hanuman finds the mountain is full of many herbs. He doesn't know which one to take. So, he lifts the entire Himalayan mountain and carries it across India to Lanka for Lakshmana. His immense strength thus helps Lakshmana recover from his wound. This legend is the popular basis for the iconography where he is shown flying and carrying a mountain on his palm.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord/intersesting ]
[ Wikipedia/wik/hanuman ]
[ Dollsofindia/libary ]
[ Ankurlearningsolution ]
Innovative: Hanuman is described as someone who constantly faces very difficult odds, where the adversary or circumstances threaten his mission with certain defeat and his very existence. Yet he finds an innovative way to turn the odds. For example, after he finds Sita, delivers Rama's message, and persuades her that he is indeed Rama's true messenger, he is discovered by the prison guards. They arrest Hanuman, and under Ravana's orders take him to a public execution. There, the Ravana's guards begin his torture, tie his tail with oiled cloth and put it on fire. Hanuman then leaps, jumps from one palace rooftop to another, thus burning everything down.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Indiamarthanuman printer ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Google book?isbn=8184247613 ]
[ Googlebook?isbn=9384225762 ]
[ Allabuotoutdoor/news ]
Bhakti: Hanuman is presented as the exemplary devotee (bhakta) of Rama and Sita. The Hindu texts such as the Bhagavata Purana, the Bhakta Mala, the Ananda Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas present him as someone who is talented, strong, brave and spiritually devoted to Rama. The Rama stories such as the Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas, in turn themselves, present the Hindu dharmic concept of the ideal, virtuous and compassionate man (Rama) and woman (Sita) thereby providing the context for attributes assigned therein for Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Youtubev=d7gj0z6ib7e ]
[ Youtubev=aetfvqonfv8 ]
[ Youtubev=y180b9qilml ]
[ Youtubev=xpnhiseop ]
[ Bhaktigaane ]
Learned Yogi: In the late medieval texts and thereafter, such as those by Tulasidas, attributes of Hanuman include learned in Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism, the Vedas, a poet, a polymath, a grammarian, a singer and musician par excellence.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanumanwiki ]
[ Exoticidimart/hanuman ]
[ Gaia/article/hanuman ]
[ dlsq/religious ]
[ Google ]
Ramayana: The Sundara Kanda, the fifth book in the Ramayana, focuses on Hanuman. Hanuman meets Rama in the last year the latter's 14-year exile, after the demon king Ravana had kidnapped Sita. With his brother Lakshmana, Rama is searching for his wife Sita. This, and related Rama legends are the most extensive stories about Hanuman.
Numerous versions of the Ramayana exist within India. These present variant legends of Hanuman, Rama, Sita, Lakshamana and Ravana. The characters and their descriptions vary, in some cases quite significantly.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman/blog ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Amazon/hanuman ]
[ Hinduismstackexhange ]
[ Youtube ]
Mahabharata: The Mahabharata is another major epic which has a short mention of Hanuman. In Book 3, the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata, he is presented as a half brother of Bhima, who meets him accidentally on his way to Mount Kailasha. A man of extraordinary strength, Bhima is unable to move Hanuman's tail, making him realize and acknowledge the strength of Hanuman. This story attests to the ancient chronology of the Hanuman character. It is also a part of artwork and reliefs such as those at the Vijayanagara ruins.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Speaking tree/mysterious ]
[ Boldsky ]
[ Quora ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Youtubev=kmh ]
Other literature: Apart from Ramayana and Mahabharata, Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts. Some of these stories add to his adventures mentioned in the earlier epics, while others tell alternative stories of his life. The Skanda Purana mentions Hanuman in Rameswaram.
In a South Indian version of Shiva Purana, Hanuman is described as the son of Shiva and Mohini (the female avatar of Vishnu), or alternatively his mythology has been linked to or merged with the origin of Swami Ayyappa who is popular in parts of South India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Radhaswami/video ]
[ Purebhakti ]
[ Radhaswami net/09:009 ]
[ Youtube ]
[Watch youtube ]
Buddhism: Hanuman appears with a Buddhist gloss in Tibetan (southwest China) and Khotanese (west China, central Asia and northern Iran) versions of Ramayana. The Khotanese versions have a Jataka tales like theme, but are generally similar to the Hindu texts in the story line and in the character of Hanuman. The Tibetan version is more embellished, and without attempts to put a Jataka gloss. Further, in Tibetan version, novel elements appear such as where Hanuman carries love letters between Rama and Sita in addition to the Hindu version where Rama sends with him the wedding ring as a message to Sita. Further, in Tibetan version, Rama chides Hanuman for not corresponding with him through letters more often implying that the monkey-messenger and warrior is a learned being who can read and write letters.
In Sri Lankan version of Ramayana, which are titled after Ravana, the story is less melodramatic than the Indian versions. Many of the bravery and innovativeness legends relating to Hanuman are found in Sinhala versions, the characters have Buddhist themes, and lack the embedded ethics and values structure according to Hindu dharma. According to Hera Walker, some Sinhalese communities seek the aid of Hanuman through prayers to his mother. In Chinese Buddhist texts, states Arthur Cotterall, myths mention meeting of the Buddha with Hanuman, as well as Hanuman's great triumphs. According to Rosalind Lefeber, the arrival of Hanuman in East Asian Buddhist text may trace its roots to the translation of Ramayana into Chinese and Tibetan in 6th-century CE.
In both China and Japan, according to Lutgendorf, much like India there is a lack of a radical divide between humans and animals, with all living beings and nature assumed to be related to humans. There is no exaltation of humans over animals or nature, unlike the Western traditions. Divine monkey has been a part of the historic literature and culture of China and Japan, possibly influenced by the close cultural contact through Buddhist monks and pilgrimage to India over two millennia. For example, the Japanese text Keiranshuyoshu, while presenting its mythology about divine monkey, that is the theriomorphic Shinto emblem of Hie shrines, describes a flying white monkey that carries a mountain from India to China, then from China to Japan. Many Japanese shrines and village boundaries, dated to be from 8th to 14th centuries, feature monkey deity as guardians or intermediaries between the humans and the gods.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Buddhagarden ]
[ Wikihanuman ]
[ Dharmawheel ]
[ Easternspriuallty ]
[ Britanica ]
Jainism: Main articles: Rama in Jainism and Salakapurusa
Paumacariya (also known as Pauma Chariu or Padmacharit), the Jain version of Ramayana written by Vimalasuri, mentions Hanuman not as a divine monkey, but as a Vidyadhara (a supernatural being, demigod in Jain cosmology). He is the son of Pavangati (wind deity) and Anjana Sundari. Anjana gives birth to Hanuman in a forest cave, after being banished by her in-laws. Her maternal uncle rescues her from the forest; while boarding his vimana, Anjana accidentally drops her baby on a rock. However, the baby remains uninjured while the rock is shattered. The baby is raised in Hanuruha, his great uncle's island kingdom, from which Hanuman gets his name. Hanuman's strength is not his own achievement, but attributed to his mother's asceticism. In Jain texts, Hanuman is depicted as the 17th of 24 Kamadevas, the one who is ultimately handsome.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Jainismworld ]
[ Indiaforum ]
[ Enyclopedia ]
[ Wikipedia Rama inJainism ]
[ Hindu ]
Sikhism: In Sikhism, Hindu god Rama has been referred to as Sri Ram Chandar, and the story of Hanuman as a siddha has been influential. After the birth of martial Sikh Khalsa movement in 1699, during the 18th and 19th century, Hanuman was an inspiration and object of reverence by the Khalsa. Some Khalsa regiments brought along Hanuman image to the battle ground. The Sikh texts such as Hanuman Natak composed by Hirda Ram Bhalla, and Das Gur Katha by Kavi Kankan describe the heroic deeds of Hanuman. According to Louis Fenech, the Sikh tradition states that Guru Gobind Singh was a fond reader of the Hanuman Natak text.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Sikhnet ]
[ Sikhiwiki/index ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Info/page ]
[ Quora ]
Southeast Asian texts: The non-Indian versions of Ramayana, such as the Thai Ramakien, mention that Hanuman had relationships with multiple women, including Svayamprabha, Benjakaya (Vibhisana's daughter), Suvannamaccha and even Ravana's wife Mandodari. According to these versions of the Ramayana, Macchanu is son of Hanuman borne by Suvannamaccha, daughter of Ravana. The Jain text Paumacariya mentions that Hanuman married Lankasundari, the daughter of Lanka's chief defender Bajramukha.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Survannmaccha ]
[ Googleid? ]
[ Google book ]
[ Googlebook? ]
[ Britanica/hanuman ]
Significance and influence : Hanuman became more important in the medieval period and came to be portrayed as the ideal devotee (bhakta) of Rama. Hanuman's life, devotion, celibacy and strength inspired wrestlers in India.
According to Philip Lutgendorf, devotionalism to Hanuman and his theological significance emerged long after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE. His prominence grew after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. He is viewed as the ideal combination of shakti ("strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence") and bhakti ("loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama"). Beyond wrestlers, he has been the patron god of other martial arts. He is stated to be a gifted grammarian, meditating yogi and diligent scholar. He exemplifies the human excellences of temperance, faith and service to a cause.
In 17th-century north and western regions of India, Hanuman emerged as an expression of resistance and dedication against Islamic persecution. For example, the bhakti poet-saint Ramdas presented Hanuman as a symbol of Marathi nationalism and resistance to Mughal Empire.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindukjaruti ]
[ Hinduwebsite ]
[ Exoticindiamart/article/hanuman ]
[ Scoopwhoop ]
[ Googlebook ]
Iconography:
Hanuman's iconography shows him either with other central characters of the Ramayana or by himself. If with Rama and Sita, he is shown to the right of Rama, as a devotee bowing or kneeling before them with a Namaste (Anjali Hasta) posture. If alone, he carries weapons such as a big Gada (mace) and thunderbolt (vajra), sometimes in a scene reminiscent of a scene from his life.
In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been common. He is typically shown with Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, near or in Vaishnavism temples, as well as by himself usually opening his chest to symbolically show images of Rama and Sita near his heart. He is also popular among the followers of Shaivism.
In north India, aniconic representation of Hanuman such as a round stone has been in use by yogi, as a means to help focus on the abstract asSpects of him.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Es.scribed/document ]
[ Documentshanuman ]
[ Wikipedia ]
[ Pinterest ]
[ Book ]
Temples and shrines: Hanuman is often worshipped along with Rama and Sita of Vaishnavism, sometimes independently. There are numerous statues to celebrate or temples to worship Hanuman all over India. In some regions, he is considered as an avatar of Shiva, the focus of Shaivism.According to a review by Lutgendorf, some scholars state that the earliest Hanuman murtis appeared in the 8th-century, but verifiable evidence of Hanuman images and inscriptions appear in the 10th century in Indian monasteries in central and north India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Workthrougfh ]
[ Tourmyindia ]
[ Tourmyindia/blog ]
[ Scoopwhoop/haunted ]
Festivals and celebrations:
Hanuman is a central character in the annual Ramlila celebrations in India, and seasonal dramatic arts in southeast Asia particularly Thailand, Bali and Java Indonesia. Ramlila is a dramatic folk re-enactment of the life of Rama according to the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana or secondary literature based on it such as the Ramcharitmanas. It particularly refers to the thousands of dramatic plays and dance events, that are staged during the annual autumn festival of Navratri in India. Hanuman is features in many parts of the folk enacted play of the legendary war between Good and Evil, with the celebrations climaxing in the Dussehra (Dasara, Vijayadashami) night festivities where the giant grotesque effigies of Evil such as of demon Ravana are burnt, typically with fireworks.
Hanuman's birthday is observed by some Hindus as Hanuman Jayanti. It falls in much of India in the traditional month of Chaitra in lunisolar Hindu calendar, which overlaps with March and April. However, in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Hanuman Jayanthi is observed in the regional Hindu month of Margazhi, which overlaps with December and January. The festive day is observed with devotees gathering at Hanuman temples before sunrise, and day long spiritual recitations and story reading about the victory of good over evil.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman ]
[ Hanumanfestival ]
[ Hanumanfestivalhome revised ]
[ Hanumanfestival/resources ]
[ Hanumanfestival cause ]
Hanuman in Southeast Asia:
Cambodia: Hanuman is a revered heroic figure in Khmer history in southeast Asia. He features predominantly in the Reamker, a Cambodian epic poem, based on the Sanskrit's Ramayana epic.Intricate carvings on the walls of Angkor Wat depict scenes from the Ramayana including those of Hanuman.
In Cambodia and many other parts of southeast Asia, mask dance and shadow theatre arts celebrate Hanuman with Ream (same as Rama of India). Hanuman is represented by a white mask.Particularly popular in southeast Asian theatre are Hanuman's accomplishments as a martial artist and as an amorous seducer of women, in interpolated plays that are missing from most versions of the Indian Ramayana.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediareamker ]
[ Hanumanwiki/org ]
[ Business ]
[ Booksgooglebooks ]
Indonesia: Hanuman is the central character in many of the historic dance and drama art works such as Wayang Wong found in Hindu communities of Bali Indonesia. These performance arts can be traced to at least the 10th century. He has been popular, along with the local versions of Ramayana in other islands of Indonesia such as Java.
In major medieval era Hindu temples, archeological sites and manuscripts discovered in Indonesian and Malay islands, Hanuman features prominently along with Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Vishvamitra and Sugriva. The most studied and detailed relief artworks are found in Candi Panataran and Prambanan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Rreamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Business ]
[ Googlebooks ]
Thailand: Hanuman has been a historic and popular character of Ramakien in Thai culture. He appears wearing a crown on his head and armor. He is depicted as an albino white, strong character with open mouth in action, sometimes shown carrying a trident. In Ramkien, Hanuman is a devoted soldier of Rama. Unlike in Indian adaptations, he is not celibate, and he is presented as a ladies man, according to Paula Richman. He meets the mermaid Suvannamaccha and the couple have a son. Hanuman plays a dominant role in the Thai version of the Ramayana epic.
Like the Indian tradition, Hanuman is the patron of martial arts and an example of courage, fortitude and excellence in Thailand.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikkipedia/org/reamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Businees ]
[ Googlebooks ]
References:
George M. Williams (2008). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2.
Jump up ^ Brian A. Hatcher (2015). Hinduism in the Modern World. Routledge. ISBN 9781135046309.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibek Debroy (2012). The Mahabharata: Volume 3. Penguin Books. pp. 184 with footnote 686. ISBN 978-0-14-310015-7.
Jump up ^ "Hanuman", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-415-93919-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wendy Doniger, Hanuman: Hindu mythology, Encyclopaedia Britannica; For a summary of the Chinese text, see Xiyouji: NOVEL BY WU CHENG’EN
^ Jump up to: a b Susan Whitfield; Ursula Sims-Williams (2004). The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith. Serindia Publications. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-932476-13-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
^ Jump up to: a b J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1310–1311. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c Catherine Ludvik (1994). Hanumān in the Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki and the Rāmacaritamānasa of Tulasī Dāsa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 2–9. ISBN 978-81-208-1122-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Paula Richman (2010), Review: Lutgendorf, Philip's Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey, The Journal of Asian Studies; Vol 69, Issue 4 (Nov 2010), pages 1287-1288.
Jayant Lele (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 90-04-06370-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–32, 116, 257–259, 388–391. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Lutgendorf, Philip (1997). "Monkey in the Middle: The Status of Hanuman in Popular Hinduism". Religion. Routledge. 27 (4): 311–332. doi:10.1006/reli.1997.0095.
Jump up ^ Lutgendorf, Philip (1994). "My Hanuman Is Bigger Than Yours". History of Religions. University of Chicago Press. 33 (3): 211–245. doi:10.1086/463367.
Jump up ^ H. S. Walker (1998), Indigenous or Foreign? A Look at the Origins of the Monkey Hero Sun Wukong, Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 81. September 1998, Editor: Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania
Jump up ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri; Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri (2005). Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography. Mittal Publications. p. 45. ISBN 978-81-8324-026-0.
Jump up ^ J.H. Maronier (2013). Pictures of the Tropics: A Catalogue of Drawings, Water-Colours, Paintings and Sculptures in the Collection of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology in Leiden. Springer. p. 127. ISBN 978-94-017-6643-2.
Jump up ^ R. V. R. Murthy (2005). Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Development and Decentralization. Mittal Publications. p. 20. ISBN 978-81-8324-049-9.
Jump up ^ Uta Gärtner (1994). Tradition and Modernity in Myanmar. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 317. ISBN 978-3-8258-2186-9.
Jump up ^ Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5.
Jump up ^ Marijke Klokke (2006). Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-979-26-2499-1.
Jump up ^ Eugenio Barba; Nicola Savarese (2011). A Dictionary of Theatre Anthropology: The Secret Art of the Performer. Taylor & Francis. pp. 77 with Fig 13. ISBN 978-1-135-17635-8.
Jump up ^ ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.८६, Rigveda, Wikisource
^ Jump up to: a b c Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 23-25
Jump up ^ Legend of Ram–Retold. PublishAmerica. pp. 56–. ISBN 978-1-4512-2350-7.
Jump up ^ Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 22-23
Jump up ^ Nanditha Krishna (1 January 2010). Sacred Animals of India. Penguin Books India. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-0-14-306619-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Camille Bulcke; Dineśvara Prasāda (2010). Rāmakathā and Other Essays. Vani Prakashan. pp. 117–126. ISBN 978-93-5000-107-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Swami Parmeshwaranand. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas, Volume 1. Sarup & Sons. pp. 411–. ISBN 978-81-7625-226-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Diana L. Eck (1991). Devotion divine, Bhakti traditions from the regions of India: studies in honour of Charlotte Vaudeville. Egbert Forsten. pp. 69, 62–67. ISBN 978-90-6980-045-5., Quote: "Giving up his Rudra form, Lord Shiva as Hanuman adopted a monkey figure, only in view of his affection for Rama."
0 notes
Text
Sri Hanuman Chalisa
Doha
Shri Guru Charan Sarooja-raj Nija manu Mukura Sudhaari
Baranau Rahubhara Bimala Yasha Jo Dayaka Phala Chari
Budhee-Heen Thanu Jannikay Sumirow Pavana Kumara
Bala-Budhee Vidya Dehoo Mohee Harahu Kalesha Vikaara
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE:
] MAHARAJ HANUMAN ]
[ Video ]
[ Vedsutra hanuman ]
[ Hanuman chalisa blogspot ]
[ Speaking tree/these ]
Chopai
Jai Hanuman gyan gun sagar
Jai Kapis tihun lok ujagar
Ram doot atulit bal dhama
Anjaani-putra Pavan sut nama
Mahabir Bikram Bajrangi
Kumati nivar sumati Ke sangi
Kanchan varan viraj subesa
Kanan Kundal Kunchit Kesha
Hath Vajra Aur Dhuvaje Viraje
Kaandhe moonj janehu sajaiSankar suvan kesri Nandan
Tej prataap maha jag vandan
Vidyavaan guni ati chatur
Ram kaj karibe ko aatur
Prabu charitra sunibe-ko rasiya
Ram Lakhan Sita man Basiya
Sukshma roop dhari Siyahi dikhava
Vikat roop dhari lank jarava
Bhima roop dhari asur sanghare
Ramachandra ke kaj sanvare
Laye Sanjivan Lakhan Jiyaye
Shri Raghuvir Harashi ur laye
Raghupati Kinhi bahut badai
Tum mam priye Bharat-hi-sam bhai
Sahas badan tumharo yash gaave
Asa-kahi Shripati kanth lagaave
Sankadhik Brahmaadi Muneesa
Narad-Sarad sahit Aheesa
Yam Kuber Digpaal Jahan teav
i kovid kahi sake kahan te
Tum upkar Sugreevahin keenha
Ram milaye rajpad deenha
Tumharo mantra Vibheeshan maana
Lankeshwar Bhaye Sub jag jana
Yug sahastra jojan par Bhanu
Leelyo tahi madhur phal janu
Prabhu mudrika meli mukh mahee
Jaladhi langhi gaye achraj nahee
Durgaam kaj jagath ke jete
Sugam anugraha tumhre tete
Ram dwaare tum rakhvare
Hoat na agya binu paisare
Sub sukh lahae tumhari sar na
Tum rakshak kahu ko dar naa
Aapan tej samharo aapai
Teenhon lok hank te kanpai
Bhoot pisaach Nikat nahin aavai
Mahavir jab naam sunavae
Nase rog harae sab peera
Japat nirantar Hanumant beera
Sankat se Hanuman chudavae
Man Karam Vachan dyan jo lavai
Sab par Ram tapasvee raja
Tin ke kaj sakal Tum saja
Aur manorath jo koi lavai
Sohi amit jeevan phal pavai
Charon Yug partap tumhara
Hai persidh jagat ujiyara
Sadhu Sant ke tum Rakhware
Asur nikandan Ram dulhare
Ashta-sidhi nav nidhi ke dhata
As-var deen Janki mata
Ram rasayan tumhare pasa
Sada raho Raghupati ke dasa
Tumhare bhajan Ram ko pavai
Janam-janam ke dukh bisraavai
Anth-kaal Raghuvir pur jayee
Jahan janam Hari-Bakht Kahayee
Aur Devta Chit na dharehi
Hanumanth se hi sarve sukh karehi
Sankat kate-mite sab peera
Jo sumirai Hanumat Balbeera
Jai Jai Jai Hanuman Gosahin
Kripa Karahu Gurudev ki nyahin
Jo sat bar path kare kohi
Chutehi bandhi maha sukh hohi
Jo yah padhe Hanuman Chalisa
Hoye siddhi sakhi Gaureesa
Tulsidas sada hari chera
Keejai Nath Hridaye mein dera
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindiastroyogi ]
[ Watchyoutubev=ulf2bj ]
[ Watchyoutubev=nr18coa ]
[ Raagtunes ]
[ Khabarindiatv ]
Doha
Pavan Tanay Sankat Harana
Mangala Murati Roop
Ram Lakhana Sita Sahita
Hriday Basahu Soor Bhoop
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maharaj Hanuman ]
[ Watchyoutubev=cblgjbeq ]
[ VedsutraHnuman chalisa ]
[ Hanuman chalisa bhajan ]
[ Speaking tree ].
Meaning: The Hanuman Chalisa (Hindi pronunciation: [ɦənʊmaːn tʃaːliːsaː]; literally Forty chaupais on Hanuman) is a Hindu devotional hymn (stotra) addressed to Hanuman. ... Hanuman is a vanara (a monkey-like humanoid), a devotee of Ram, and one of the central characters in the Indian epic poem, the Ramayan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman ]
[ Speaking tree /blog meaning ]
[ The indianmythology ]
[ Watch youtubev=gjoe5gq ]
[ Hindiremedy/Hanuman ]
Who was Lord Hanuman?
Hanuman participated in Rama's war against the demon king Ravana. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. He is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Pawan, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
Hanuman ,(Sanskrit: हनुमान्) is an ardent devotee of Lord Rama and one of the central characters in the various versions of the epic Ramayana found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. As one of the Chiranjivi, he is also mentioned in several other texts, such as the Mahabharata the various Puranas and some Jain, Buddhist, and Sikh texts. Several later texts also present him as an incarnation of Shiva. Hanuman is the son of Anjana and Kesari and is also son of the wind-god Vayu, who according to several stories, played a role in his birth.
His theological origins in Hinduism are unclear. Alternate theories include him having ancient roots, being a non-Aryan deity who was Sanskritized by the Vedic Aryans, or that he is a fusion deity who emerged in literary works from folk Yaksha protector deities and theological symbolism.
While Hanuman is one of the central characters in the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana, the evidence of devotional worship to him is missing in the texts and archeological sites of ancient and most of the medieval period. According to Philip Lutgendorf, an American Indologist known for his studies on Hanuman, the theological significance and devotional dedication to Hanuman emerged about 1,000 years after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE, after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. Bhakti movement saints such as Samarth Ramdas expressed Hanuman as a symbol of nationalism and resistance to persecution. In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been increasingly common. He is viewed as the ideal combination of "strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence" and "loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama", as Shakti and Bhakti. In later literature, he has been the patron god of martial arts such as wrestling, acrobatics, as well as meditation and diligent scholarship. He symbolizes the human excellences of inner self-control, faith and service to a cause, hidden behind the first impressions of a being who looks like a monkey.
Besides being a popular deity in Hinduism, Hanuman is also found in Jainism and Buddhism. He is also a legendary character in legends and arts found outside Indian subcontinent such as in Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia and Bali Indonesia. Outside India, Hanuman shares many characteristics with the Hindu versions in India, but differs in others. He is heroic, brave and steadfastly chaste, much like in the Sanskrit tradition, but not celibate. He marries and has children in other cultures, as is the case in a few regional versions in India. Hanuman is stated by scholars to be the inspiration for the allegory-filled adventures of a monkey hero in the Xiyouji (Journey to the West) – the great Chinese poetic novel influenced by the travels of Buddhist monk Xuanzang (602–664 CE) to India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hanuman/org/wiki ]
[ Scoop whoop/inotheernew ]
[ Kasgar/god ]
[ Quora/how ]
[ Askgnesha/stories/hanuman/asp ]
Historical development:
Vedic roots:The earliest mention of a divine monkey, interpreted by some scholars as the proto-Hanuman, is in hymn 10.86 of the Rigveda, dated to between 1500 and 1200 BCE. The twenty three verses of the hymn is a metaphor and riddle filled legend. It is presented as a dialogue between multiple characters: god Indra, his wife Indrani and an energetic monkey it refers to as Vrisakapi and his wife Kapi. The hymn opens with Indrani complaining to Indra that some of the soma offerings for Indra have been assigned to the energetic and strong monkey, and the people are forgetting Indra. The king of gods Indra responds by stating to his wife that the living being (monkey) that bothers her is to be seen as a friend, and that they should make an effort to be together in peace. The hymn closes with all agreeing that they should come together in Indra's house and share the wealth of offerings.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia Hnaman org /Hanuman ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa ]
[ Mahiastro/abhi/Hanumanchalisa vednotesaspx ]
[ Astrojyoti Sankat mochan ]
[ Astrojyoti ]
This hymn, which includes an explicit discussion of sex and differences between species, has been interpreted in a number of ways by contemporary scholars. R.N. Dandekar states that it may metaphorically refer to another fertility god, while Wendy Doniger compares it to horse sacrifice. Stephanie Jamison states that the hymn mentions a bull-monkey, a euphemism for a horse and fertility ritual, very different from later era Hanuman. According to Philip Lutgendorf, there is "no convincing evidence for a monkey-worshipping cult in ancient India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Maahiastro/abhi/Hanuman vedsutra ]
[ Astrojyoti/Sankatmochan ]
[ Atrojyoti ]
Tamil roots: The orientalist F. E. Pargiter (1852-1927) theorized that Hanuman was a proto-Dravidian deity. According to this theory, the name "Hanuman" derives from the Tamil word for male monkey (ana-mandi), first transformed to "Anumant" – a name which remains in use. "Anumant", according to this hypothesis, was later Sanskritized to "Hanuman" because the ancient Aryans confronted with a popular monkey deity of ancient Dravidians coopted the concept and then Sanskritized it. According to Murray Emeneau, known for his Tamil linguistic studies, this theory does not make sense because the Old Tamil word mandi in Caṅkam literature can only mean "female monkey", and Hanuman is male. Further, adds Emeneau, the compound ana-mandi makes no semantic sense in Tamil, which has well developed and sophisticated grammar and semantic rules. The "prominent jaw" etymology, according to Emeneau, is therefore plausible.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyourtubev=oferj;jz ]
[ Watchyoutubev=wqivcxoez8 ]
[ Saavn/tamilshri/Hanuman ]
[ Imgur/xjk5leb ]
[ Pinterest/pin/29097842598892092 ]
Epics and Puranas: Hanuman is mentioned in both the Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata. A twentieth-century Jesuit missionary Camille Bulcke, in his Ramkatha: Utpatti Aur Vikas ("The tale of Rama: its origin and development"), proposed that Hanuman worship had its basis in the cults of aboriginal tribes of Central India.
Hanuman is mentioned in the Puranas. A medieval legend posited Hanuman as an avatar of the god Shiva by the 10th century CE (this development possibly started as early as in the 8th century CE). Hanuman is mentioned as an avatar of Shiva or Rudra in the medieval era Sanskrit texts like the Mahabhagvata Purana, the Skanda Purana, the Brhaddharma Purana and the Mahanataka among others. This development might have been a result of the Shavite attempts to insert their ishta devata (cherished deity) in the Vaishnavite texts.
Other mythologies, such as those found in South India, present Hanuman as a being who is the union of Shiva and Vishnu, or associated with the origin of Ayyappa. The 17th century Odia work Rasavinoda by Dinakrishnadasa goes on to mention that the three gods – Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva – combined to take to the form of Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Watchyoutubev=f3wbngiamkc ]
[ Pinterest/pin/214554369718103316 ]
[ Pinerest/pin/31729273622422297 ]
[ Facebook/events/102949966704952 ]
[ Pinterest/rashmi112lord ]
Late medieval and modern era: In Valmiki's Ramayana, estimated to have been composed before or in about the 3rd century BCE, Hanuman is an important, creative character as a simian helper and messenger for Rama. The character evolved over time, reflecting regional cultural values. It is, however, in the late medieval era that his profile evolves into more central role and dominance as the exemplary spiritual devotee, particularly with the popular vernacular text Ramcharitmanas by Tulasidas . According to scholars such as Patrick Peebles and others, during a period of religious turmoil and Islamic rule of the Indian subcontinent, the Bhakti movement and devotionalism-oriented Bhakti yoga had emerged as a major trend in Hindu culture by the 16th-century, and the Ramcharitmanas presented Rama as a Vishnu avatar, supreme being and a personal god worthy of devotion, with Hanuman as the ideal loving devotee with legendary courage, strength and powers.
Hanuman evolved and emerged in this era as the ideal combination of shakti and bhakti. Stories and folk traditions in and after the 17th century, began to reformulate and present Hanuman as a divine being, as a descendent of deities, and as an avatar of Shiva. He emerged as a champion of those religiously persecuted, expressing resistance, a yogi, an inspiration for martial artists and warriors, character with less fur and increasingly human symbolizing cherished virtues and internal values worthy of devotion in his own right. Hindu monks morphed into soldiers, and they named their organizations after Hanuman.This evolution of Hanuman's character, religious and cultural role as well as his iconography continued through the colonial era and in post-colonial times.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Devdutt/articles/applied/queer ]
[ Columbia/its/mealac/prichett ]
[ Wikivisually/wiki/hanuman ]
[ exoticidiart/Mahavir ]
[ Ncbi/nih/ ]
Birth: In Indian mythology, Hanuman was born to Anjana and father Kesari.Hanuman is also called the son of the deity Vayu (Wind god, himself the son of Vishnu) because of legends associated with Vayu's role in Hanuman's birth. One story mentioned in Eknath's Bhavartha Ramayana (16th century CE) states that when Anjana was worshiping Shiva, the King Dasharatha of Ayodhya was also performing the ritual of Putrakama yagna in order to have children. As a result, he received some sacred pudding (payasam) to be shared by his three wives, leading to the births of Rama, Lakshmana, Bharata, and Shatrughna. By divine ordinance, a kite snatched a fragment of that pudding and dropped it while flying over the forest where Anjana was engaged in worship. Vayu, the Hindu deity of the wind, delivered the falling pudding to the outstretched hands of Anjana, who consumed it. Hanuman was born to her as a result.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Quora/what ]
[ Speaking tree/alsiides/birth ]
[ Site google/site/hanumanstale ]
[ Apnisanskriti ]
[ Scoopwhoopinothernews ]
Childhood: According to Valmiki's Ramayana, one morning in his childhood, Hanuman was hungry and saw the rising red colored sun. Mistaking it for a ripe fruit, he leapt up to eat it. In one version of the Hindu legend, the king of gods Indra intervened and struck his thunderbolt. It hit Hanuman on his jaw, and he fell to the earth unconscious with a broken jaw. His father, Vayu (air), states Ramayana in section 4.65, became upset and withdrew. The lack of air created immense suffering to all living beings. This led Prajapati, the god of life, to intervene and resuscitate Hanuman, which in turn prompted Vayu to return to the living beings.
In another Hindu version of his childhood legend, which Lutgendorf states is likely older and also found in Jain texts such as the 8th-century Dhurtakhyana, after Hanuman's Icarus like leap for the sun, it proves to be fatal and he is burnt to ashes from sun's heat. His ashes fall onto the earth and oceans.Gods then gather the ashes and his bones from land and, with the help of fishes, from the water and re-assemble him. They find everything except one fragment of his jaw bone. His great grandfather on his mother's side then asks Surya to restore the child to life. Surya returns him to life, but Hanuman is left with a disfigured jaw.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ kinsgen/fable and fairytale ]
[ Sanatansocietyorg/indians ]
[ Balagokulam/kids/stories ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lords ]
[ Cybestro/articles/lord ]
Attributes:
Chiranjivi (immortal): various versions of Ramayana and Rama Katha state towards their end, just before Rama and Lakshmana die, that Hanuman is blessed to be immortal. He will be a part of humanity forever, while the story of Rama lives on.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediaorg/chiranjvi ]
[ Quora/who ]
[ Hinduism/question ]
[ Speaking tree/.asllides/hanuman ]
[ Speakingtree /lord ]
Kurūp and Sundar: he is described in Hindu texts as kurūp (ugly) on the outside, but divinely sundar (beautiful inside).
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Google/book/isbn=9352784251 ]
[ Youtubev=y;n5wbj6umm ]
[ Google books ]
[ Watchyoutubev=xodlbrssh ]
[ Wikipedia/wiki/sundrakanda ]
Kama-rupin: He can shape shift, become smaller than the smallest, larger than the largest adversary at will. He uses this attribute to shrink and enter Lanka, as he searches for the kidnapped Sita imprisoned in Lanka. Later on, he takes on the size of a mountain, blazing with radiance, to show his true power to Sita.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipedia/hanuman ]
[ Kasgar ]
[ Drmichaelamas/god ]
[ Busindia ]
[ Accollegemendara ]
Strength: Hanuman is extraordinarily strong, one capable of lifting and carrying any burden for a cause. He is called Vira, Mahavira, Mahabala and other names signifying this attribute of his. During the epic war between Rama and Ravana, Rama's brother Lakshmana is wounded. He can only be healed and his death prevented by a herb found in a particular Himalayan mountain. Hanuman leaps and finds the mountain. There, states Ramayana, Hanuman finds the mountain is full of many herbs. He doesn't know which one to take. So, he lifts the entire Himalayan mountain and carries it across India to Lanka for Lakshmana. His immense strength thus helps Lakshmana recover from his wound. This legend is the popular basis for the iconography where he is shown flying and carrying a mountain on his palm.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord ]
[ Scoopwhoop/inothernews/lord/intersesting ]
[ Wikipedia/wik/hanuman ]
[ Dollsofindia/libary ]
[ Ankurlearningsolution ]
Innovative: Hanuman is described as someone who constantly faces very difficult odds, where the adversary or circumstances threaten his mission with certain defeat and his very existence. Yet he finds an innovative way to turn the odds. For example, after he finds Sita, delivers Rama's message, and persuades her that he is indeed Rama's true messenger, he is discovered by the prison guards. They arrest Hanuman, and under Ravana's orders take him to a public execution. There, the Ravana's guards begin his torture, tie his tail with oiled cloth and put it on fire. Hanuman then leaps, jumps from one palace rooftop to another, thus burning everything down.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Indiamarthanuman printer ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Google book?isbn=8184247613 ]
[ Googlebook?isbn=9384225762 ]
[ Allabuotoutdoor/news ]
Bhakti: Hanuman is presented as the exemplary devotee (bhakta) of Rama and Sita. The Hindu texts such as the Bhagavata Purana, the Bhakta Mala, the Ananda Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas present him as someone who is talented, strong, brave and spiritually devoted to Rama. The Rama stories such as the Ramayana and the Ramacharitmanas, in turn themselves, present the Hindu dharmic concept of the ideal, virtuous and compassionate man (Rama) and woman (Sita) thereby providing the context for attributes assigned therein for Hanuman.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Youtubev=d7gj0z6ib7e ]
[ Youtubev=aetfvqonfv8 ]
[ Youtubev=y180b9qilml ]
[ Youtubev=xpnhiseop ]
[ Bhaktigaane ]
Learned Yogi: In the late medieval texts and thereafter, such as those by Tulasidas, attributes of Hanuman include learned in Vedanta philosophy of Hinduism, the Vedas, a poet, a polymath, a grammarian, a singer and musician par excellence.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanumanwiki ]
[ Exoticidimart/hanuman ]
[ Gaia/article/hanuman ]
[ dlsq/religious ]
[ Google ]
Ramayana: The Sundara Kanda, the fifth book in the Ramayana, focuses on Hanuman. Hanuman meets Rama in the last year the latter's 14-year exile, after the demon king Ravana had kidnapped Sita. With his brother Lakshmana, Rama is searching for his wife Sita. This, and related Rama legends are the most extensive stories about Hanuman.
Numerous versions of the Ramayana exist within India. These present variant legends of Hanuman, Rama, Sita, Lakshamana and Ravana. The characters and their descriptions vary, in some cases quite significantly.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman/blog ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Amazon/hanuman ]
[ Hinduismstackexhange ]
[ Youtube ]
Mahabharata: The Mahabharata is another major epic which has a short mention of Hanuman. In Book 3, the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata, he is presented as a half brother of Bhima, who meets him accidentally on his way to Mount Kailasha. A man of extraordinary strength, Bhima is unable to move Hanuman's tail, making him realize and acknowledge the strength of Hanuman. This story attests to the ancient chronology of the Hanuman character. It is also a part of artwork and reliefs such as those at the Vijayanagara ruins.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Speaking tree/mysterious ]
[ Boldsky ]
[ Quora ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Youtubev=kmh ]
Other literature: Apart from Ramayana and Mahabharata, Hanuman is mentioned in several other texts. Some of these stories add to his adventures mentioned in the earlier epics, while others tell alternative stories of his life. The Skanda Purana mentions Hanuman in Rameswaram.
In a South Indian version of Shiva Purana, Hanuman is described as the son of Shiva and Mohini (the female avatar of Vishnu), or alternatively his mythology has been linked to or merged with the origin of Swami Ayyappa who is popular in parts of South India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Radhaswami/video ]
[ Purebhakti ]
[ Radhaswami net/09:009 ]
[ Youtube ]
[Watch youtube ]
Buddhism: Hanuman appears with a Buddhist gloss in Tibetan (southwest China) and Khotanese (west China, central Asia and northern Iran) versions of Ramayana. The Khotanese versions have a Jataka tales like theme, but are generally similar to the Hindu texts in the story line and in the character of Hanuman. The Tibetan version is more embellished, and without attempts to put a Jataka gloss. Further, in Tibetan version, novel elements appear such as where Hanuman carries love letters between Rama and Sita in addition to the Hindu version where Rama sends with him the wedding ring as a message to Sita. Further, in Tibetan version, Rama chides Hanuman for not corresponding with him through letters more often implying that the monkey-messenger and warrior is a learned being who can read and write letters.
In Sri Lankan version of Ramayana, which are titled after Ravana, the story is less melodramatic than the Indian versions. Many of the bravery and innovativeness legends relating to Hanuman are found in Sinhala versions, the characters have Buddhist themes, and lack the embedded ethics and values structure according to Hindu dharma. According to Hera Walker, some Sinhalese communities seek the aid of Hanuman through prayers to his mother. In Chinese Buddhist texts, states Arthur Cotterall, myths mention meeting of the Buddha with Hanuman, as well as Hanuman's great triumphs. According to Rosalind Lefeber, the arrival of Hanuman in East Asian Buddhist text may trace its roots to the translation of Ramayana into Chinese and Tibetan in 6th-century CE.
In both China and Japan, according to Lutgendorf, much like India there is a lack of a radical divide between humans and animals, with all living beings and nature assumed to be related to humans. There is no exaltation of humans over animals or nature, unlike the Western traditions. Divine monkey has been a part of the historic literature and culture of China and Japan, possibly influenced by the close cultural contact through Buddhist monks and pilgrimage to India over two millennia. For example, the Japanese text Keiranshuyoshu, while presenting its mythology about divine monkey, that is the theriomorphic Shinto emblem of Hie shrines, describes a flying white monkey that carries a mountain from India to China, then from China to Japan. Many Japanese shrines and village boundaries, dated to be from 8th to 14th centuries, feature monkey deity as guardians or intermediaries between the humans and the gods.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Buddhagarden ]
[ Wikihanuman ]
[ Dharmawheel ]
[ Easternspriuallty ]
[ Britanica ]
Jainism: Main articles: Rama in Jainism and Salakapurusa
Paumacariya (also known as Pauma Chariu or Padmacharit), the Jain version of Ramayana written by Vimalasuri, mentions Hanuman not as a divine monkey, but as a Vidyadhara (a supernatural being, demigod in Jain cosmology). He is the son of Pavangati (wind deity) and Anjana Sundari. Anjana gives birth to Hanuman in a forest cave, after being banished by her in-laws. Her maternal uncle rescues her from the forest; while boarding his vimana, Anjana accidentally drops her baby on a rock. However, the baby remains uninjured while the rock is shattered. The baby is raised in Hanuruha, his great uncle's island kingdom, from which Hanuman gets his name. Hanuman's strength is not his own achievement, but attributed to his mother's asceticism. In Jain texts, Hanuman is depicted as the 17th of 24 Kamadevas, the one who is ultimately handsome.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Jainismworld ]
[ Indiaforum ]
[ Enyclopedia ]
[ Wikipedia Rama inJainism ]
[ Hindu ]
Sikhism: In Sikhism, Hindu god Rama has been referred to as Sri Ram Chandar, and the story of Hanuman as a siddha has been influential. After the birth of martial Sikh Khalsa movement in 1699, during the 18th and 19th century, Hanuman was an inspiration and object of reverence by the Khalsa. Some Khalsa regiments brought along Hanuman image to the battle ground. The Sikh texts such as Hanuman Natak composed by Hirda Ram Bhalla, and Das Gur Katha by Kavi Kankan describe the heroic deeds of Hanuman. According to Louis Fenech, the Sikh tradition states that Guru Gobind Singh was a fond reader of the Hanuman Natak text.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Sikhnet ]
[ Sikhiwiki/index ]
[ Youtube ]
[ Info/page ]
[ Quora ]
Southeast Asian texts: The non-Indian versions of Ramayana, such as the Thai Ramakien, mention that Hanuman had relationships with multiple women, including Svayamprabha, Benjakaya (Vibhisana's daughter), Suvannamaccha and even Ravana's wife Mandodari. According to these versions of the Ramayana, Macchanu is son of Hanuman borne by Suvannamaccha, daughter of Ravana. The Jain text Paumacariya mentions that Hanuman married Lankasundari, the daughter of Lanka's chief defender Bajramukha.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Survannmaccha ]
[ Googleid? ]
[ Google book ]
[ Googlebook? ]
[ Britanica/hanuman ]
Significance and influence : Hanuman became more important in the medieval period and came to be portrayed as the ideal devotee (bhakta) of Rama. Hanuman's life, devotion, celibacy and strength inspired wrestlers in India.
According to Philip Lutgendorf, devotionalism to Hanuman and his theological significance emerged long after the composition of the Ramayana, in the 2nd millennium CE. His prominence grew after the arrival of Islamic rule in the Indian subcontinent. He is viewed as the ideal combination of shakti ("strength, heroic initiative and assertive excellence") and bhakti ("loving, emotional devotion to his personal god Rama"). Beyond wrestlers, he has been the patron god of other martial arts. He is stated to be a gifted grammarian, meditating yogi and diligent scholar. He exemplifies the human excellences of temperance, faith and service to a cause.
In 17th-century north and western regions of India, Hanuman emerged as an expression of resistance and dedication against Islamic persecution. For example, the bhakti poet-saint Ramdas presented Hanuman as a symbol of Marathi nationalism and resistance to Mughal Empire.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hindukjaruti ]
[ Hinduwebsite ]
[ Exoticindiamart/article/hanuman ]
[ Scoopwhoop ]
[ Googlebook ]
Iconography:
Hanuman's iconography shows him either with other central characters of the Ramayana or by himself. If with Rama and Sita, he is shown to the right of Rama, as a devotee bowing or kneeling before them with a Namaste (Anjali Hasta) posture. If alone, he carries weapons such as a big Gada (mace) and thunderbolt (vajra), sometimes in a scene reminiscent of a scene from his life.
In the modern era, his iconography and temples have been common. He is typically shown with Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, near or in Vaishnavism temples, as well as by himself usually opening his chest to symbolically show images of Rama and Sita near his heart. He is also popular among the followers of Shaivism.
In north India, aniconic representation of Hanuman such as a round stone has been in use by yogi, as a means to help focus on the abstract asSpects of him.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Es.scribed/document ]
[ Documentshanuman ]
[ Wikipedia ]
[ Pinterest ]
[ Book ]
Temples and shrines: Hanuman is often worshipped along with Rama and Sita of Vaishnavism, sometimes independently. There are numerous statues to celebrate or temples to worship Hanuman all over India. In some regions, he is considered as an avatar of Shiva, the focus of Shaivism.According to a review by Lutgendorf, some scholars state that the earliest Hanuman murtis appeared in the 8th-century, but verifiable evidence of Hanuman images and inscriptions appear in the 10th century in Indian monasteries in central and north India.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Workthrougfh ]
[ Tourmyindia ]
[ Tourmyindia/blog ]
[ Scoopwhoop/haunted ]
Festivals and celebrations:
Hanuman is a central character in the annual Ramlila celebrations in India, and seasonal dramatic arts in southeast Asia particularly Thailand, Bali and Java Indonesia. Ramlila is a dramatic folk re-enactment of the life of Rama according to the ancient Hindu epic Ramayana or secondary literature based on it such as the Ramcharitmanas. It particularly refers to the thousands of dramatic plays and dance events, that are staged during the annual autumn festival of Navratri in India. Hanuman is features in many parts of the folk enacted play of the legendary war between Good and Evil, with the celebrations climaxing in the Dussehra (Dasara, Vijayadashami) night festivities where the giant grotesque effigies of Evil such as of demon Ravana are burnt, typically with fireworks.
Hanuman's birthday is observed by some Hindus as Hanuman Jayanti. It falls in much of India in the traditional month of Chaitra in lunisolar Hindu calendar, which overlaps with March and April. However, in parts of Kerala and Tamil Nadu, Hanuman Jayanthi is observed in the regional Hindu month of Margazhi, which overlaps with December and January. The festive day is observed with devotees gathering at Hanuman temples before sunrise, and day long spiritual recitations and story reading about the victory of good over evil.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Hanuman ]
[ Hanumanfestival ]
[ Hanumanfestivalhome revised ]
[ Hanumanfestival/resources ]
[ Hanumanfestival cause ]
Hanuman in Southeast Asia:
Cambodia: Hanuman is a revered heroic figure in Khmer history in southeast Asia. He features predominantly in the Reamker, a Cambodian epic poem, based on the Sanskrit's Ramayana epic.Intricate carvings on the walls of Angkor Wat depict scenes from the Ramayana including those of Hanuman.
In Cambodia and many other parts of southeast Asia, mask dance and shadow theatre arts celebrate Hanuman with Ream (same as Rama of India). Hanuman is represented by a white mask.Particularly popular in southeast Asian theatre are Hanuman's accomplishments as a martial artist and as an amorous seducer of women, in interpolated plays that are missing from most versions of the Indian Ramayana.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikipediareamker ]
[ Hanumanwiki/org ]
[ Business ]
[ Booksgooglebooks ]
Indonesia: Hanuman is the central character in many of the historic dance and drama art works such as Wayang Wong found in Hindu communities of Bali Indonesia. These performance arts can be traced to at least the 10th century. He has been popular, along with the local versions of Ramayana in other islands of Indonesia such as Java.
In major medieval era Hindu temples, archeological sites and manuscripts discovered in Indonesian and Malay islands, Hanuman features prominently along with Rama, Sita, Lakshmana, Vishvamitra and Sugriva. The most studied and detailed relief artworks are found in Candi Panataran and Prambanan.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Rreamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Business ]
[ Googlebooks ]
Thailand: Hanuman has been a historic and popular character of Ramakien in Thai culture. He appears wearing a crown on his head and armor. He is depicted as an albino white, strong character with open mouth in action, sometimes shown carrying a trident. In Ramkien, Hanuman is a devoted soldier of Rama. Unlike in Indian adaptations, he is not celibate, and he is presented as a ladies man, according to Paula Richman. He meets the mermaid Suvannamaccha and the couple have a son. Hanuman plays a dominant role in the Thai version of the Ramayana epic.
Like the Indian tradition, Hanuman is the patron of martial arts and an example of courage, fortitude and excellence in Thailand.
IF YOU WANT TO READ MORE
[ Wikkipedia/org/reamker ]
[ Hanuman ]
[ Businees ]
[ Googlebooks ]
References:
George M. Williams (2008). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–148. ISBN 978-0-19-533261-2.
Jump up ^ Brian A. Hatcher (2015). Hinduism in the Modern World. Routledge. ISBN 9781135046309.
^ Jump up to: a b Bibek Debroy (2012). The Mahabharata: Volume 3. Penguin Books. pp. 184 with footnote 686. ISBN 978-0-14-310015-7.
Jump up ^ "Hanuman", Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Peter J. Claus; Sarah Diamond; Margaret Ann Mills (2003). South Asian Folklore: An Encyclopedia : Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Taylor & Francis. pp. 280–281. ISBN 978-0-415-93919-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c Wendy Doniger, Hanuman: Hindu mythology, Encyclopaedia Britannica; For a summary of the Chinese text, see Xiyouji: NOVEL BY WU CHENG’EN
^ Jump up to: a b Susan Whitfield; Ursula Sims-Williams (2004). The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith. Serindia Publications. p. 212. ISBN 978-1-932476-13-2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Louis E. Fenech; W. H. McLeod (2014). Historical Dictionary of Sikhism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 143–144. ISBN 978-1-4422-3601-1.
^ Jump up to: a b J. Gordon Melton; Martin Baumann (2010). Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices, 2nd Edition. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1310–1311. ISBN 978-1-59884-204-3.
^ Jump up to: a b c Catherine Ludvik (1994). Hanumān in the Rāmāyaṇa of Vālmīki and the Rāmacaritamānasa of Tulasī Dāsa. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. 2–9. ISBN 978-81-208-1122-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Paula Richman (2010), Review: Lutgendorf, Philip's Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey, The Journal of Asian Studies; Vol 69, Issue 4 (Nov 2010), pages 1287-1288.
Jayant Lele (1981). Tradition and Modernity in Bhakti Movements. Brill Academic. pp. 114–116. ISBN 90-04-06370-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Constance Jones; James D. Ryan (2006). Encyclopedia of Hinduism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 177–178. ISBN 978-0-8160-7564-5.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Philip Lutgendorf (2007). Hanuman's Tale: The Messages of a Divine Monkey. Oxford University Press. pp. 26–32, 116, 257–259, 388–391. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b Lutgendorf, Philip (1997). "Monkey in the Middle: The Status of Hanuman in Popular Hinduism". Religion. Routledge. 27 (4): 311–332. doi:10.1006/reli.1997.0095.
Jump up ^ Lutgendorf, Philip (1994). "My Hanuman Is Bigger Than Yours". History of Religions. University of Chicago Press. 33 (3): 211–245. doi:10.1086/463367.
Jump up ^ H. S. Walker (1998), Indigenous or Foreign? A Look at the Origins of the Monkey Hero Sun Wukong, Sino-Platonic Papers, No. 81. September 1998, Editor: Victor H. Mair, University of Pennsylvania
Jump up ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam, ed. India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Sarit Kumar Chaudhuri; Sucheta Sen Chaudhuri (2005). Primitive Tribes in Contemporary India: Concept, Ethnography and Demography. Mittal Publications. p. 45. ISBN 978-81-8324-026-0.
Jump up ^ J.H. Maronier (2013). Pictures of the Tropics: A Catalogue of Drawings, Water-Colours, Paintings and Sculptures in the Collection of the Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology in Leiden. Springer. p. 127. ISBN 978-94-017-6643-2.
Jump up ^ R. V. R. Murthy (2005). Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Development and Decentralization. Mittal Publications. p. 20. ISBN 978-81-8324-049-9.
Jump up ^ Uta Gärtner (1994). Tradition and Modernity in Myanmar. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 317. ISBN 978-3-8258-2186-9.
Jump up ^ Jonathan H. X. Lee; Kathleen M. Nadeau (2011). Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife. ABC-CLIO. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-313-35066-5.
Jump up ^ Marijke Klokke (2006). Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. pp. 391–396. ISBN 978-979-26-2499-1.
Jump up ^ Eugenio Barba; Nicola Savarese (2011). A Dictionary of Theatre Anthropology: The Secret Art of the Performer. Taylor & Francis. pp. 77 with Fig 13. ISBN 978-1-135-17635-8.
Jump up ^ ऋग्वेद:_सूक्तं_१०.८६, Rigveda, Wikisource
^ Jump up to: a b c Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 23-25
Jump up ^ Legend of Ram–Retold. PublishAmerica. pp. 56–. ISBN 978-1-4512-2350-7.
Jump up ^ Philip Lutgendorf (1999), Like Mother, Like Son, Sita and Hanuman, Manushi, No. 114, pages 22-23
Jump up ^ Nanditha Krishna (1 January 2010). Sacred Animals of India. Penguin Books India. pp. 178–. ISBN 978-0-14-306619-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Camille Bulcke; Dineśvara Prasāda (2010). Rāmakathā and Other Essays. Vani Prakashan. pp. 117–126. ISBN 978-93-5000-107-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Swami Parmeshwaranand. Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Puranas, Volume 1. Sarup & Sons. pp. 411–. ISBN 978-81-7625-226-3. Retrieved 14 July 2012.
Jump up ^ Diana L. Eck (1991). Devotion divine, Bhakti traditions from the regions of India: studies in honour of Charlotte Vaudeville. Egbert Forsten. pp. 69, 62–67. ISBN 978-90-6980-045-5., Quote: "Giving up his Rudra form, Lord Shiva as Hanuman adopted a monkey figure, only in view of his affection for Rama."
0 notes
Last Seen Blogs
