#WhatwasthefirstNorthAfricancountrytogainindependence?

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Year of independence of North African countries with map

Year of independence of North African countries During the 1950s and 1960s, and into the 1970s, all of the North African states gained independence from their colonial European rulers, except for a few small Spanish colonies on the far northern tip of Morocco, and parts of the Sahara region, which went from Spanish to Moroccan rule. According to study.com, these countries were, in chronological order of independence: Cameroon, Togo, Madagascar, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Somalia, Benin, Niger, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Chad, the Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Senegal, Mali, Nigeria, and Mauritania. Ghana was one of the first nations in the African continent to gain independence from colonial rule. The year 1960 is known as the “Year of Africa,” when 17 countries across the continent celebrated the joy, excitement, and possibilities of independence. But liberation in Africa was more than this one moment in the global process of decolonization. Between March 1957, when Ghana declared independence from Great Britain, and July 1962, when Algeria wrested independence from France after a bloody war, 24 African nations freed themselves from their former colonial masters. In most former English and French colonies, independence came relatively peacefully. Namibia became the world's newest nation when South Africa formally relinquished control shortly after midnight today (5 p.m. EST Tuesday). So ended an era of colonial rule on a continent once carved up and ruled by European powers hungry for imperial glory.

By 1914, the only independent African states were Liberia and Ethiopia. The area of West Africa that is now called the Democratic Republic of Congo is a good example of what happened to many African countries during the Scramble for Africa. The West African country of Liberia shares special historical ties to the United States, dating back to its founding in 1822 by former slaves and free-born blacks from the United States under the sponsorship of the American Colonization Society (ACS). The Dutch established a colony in Africa before many other European countries. It is also the first colonial country which came to South Africa. Why was Africa called Ethiopia? Ethiopia derives from the classical Greek for “burnt-face” (possibly in contrast to the lighter-skinned inhabitants of Libya). It first appears in Homer's Iliad and was used by the historian Herodotus to denote those areas of Africa south of the Sahara part of the “Ecumene” (i.e. the inhabitable world). Who named Africa? the Romans All historians agree that it was the Roman use of the term 'Africa' for parts of Tunisia and Northern Algeria which ultimately, almost 2000 years later, gave the continent its name. There is, however, no consensus amongst scholars as to why the Romans decided to call these provinces 'Africa'. Which country was not colonized in Africa? Battle of Adowa (Ethiopia) As you have already learned, Ethiopia along with Liberia, were the only African countries that were not colonized by Europeans. What are the 7 European countries that colonized Africa? By 1900 a significant part of Africa had been colonized by mainly seven European powers—Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, and Italy. After the conquest of African decentralized and centralized states, the European powers set about establishing colonial state systems. Most nations in Africa were colonized by European states in the early modern era, including a burst of colonization in the Scramble for Africa from 1880 to 1900. But this condition was reversed over the course of the next century by independence movements. Here are the dates of independence for African nations. CountryIndependence DatePrior ruling countryLiberia, Republic ofJuly 26, 1847-South Africa, Republic ofMay 31, 1910BritainEgypt, Arab Republic ofFeb. 28, 1922BritainEthiopia, People's Democratic Republic ofMay 5, 1941ItalyLibya (Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)Dec. 24, 1951BritainSudan, Democratic Republic ofJan. 1, 1956Britain/EgyptMorocco, Kingdom ofMarch 2, 1956FranceTunisia, Republic ofMarch 20, 1956FranceMorocco (Spanish Northern Zone, Marruecos)April 7, 1956SpainMorocco (International Zone, Tangiers)Oct. 29, 1956-Ghana, Republic ofMarch 6, 1957BritainMorocco (Spanish Southern Zone, Marruecos)April 27, 1958SpainGuinea, Republic ofOct. 2, 1958FranceCameroon, Republic ofJan. 1 1960FranceSenegal, Republic ofApril 4, 1960FranceTogo, Republic ofApril 27, 1960FranceMali, Republic ofSept. 22, 1960FranceMadagascar, Democratic Republic ofJune 26, 1960FranceCongo (Kinshasa), Democratic Republic of theJune 30, 1960BelgiumSomalia, Democratic Republic ofJuly 1, 1960BritainBenin, Republic ofAug. 1, 1960FranceNiger, Republic ofAug. 3, 1960FranceBurkina Faso, Popular Democratic Republic ofAug. 5, 1960FranceCôte d'Ivoire, Republic of (Ivory Coast)Aug. 7, 1960FranceChad, Republic ofAug. 11, 1960FranceCentral African RepublicAug. 13, 1960FranceCongo (Brazzaville), Republic of theAug. 15, 1960FranceGabon, Republic ofAug. 16, 1960FranceNigeria, Federal Republic ofOct. 1, 1960BritainMauritania, Islamic Republic ofNov. 28, 1960FranceSierra Leone, Republic ofApr. 27, 1961BritainNigeria (British Cameroon North)June 1, 1961BritainCameroon(British Cameroon South)Oct. 1, 1961BritainTanzania, United Republic ofDec. 9, 1961BritainBurundi, Republic ofJuly 1, 1962BelgiumRwanda, Republic ofJuly 1, 1962BelgiumAlgeria, Democratic and Popular Republic ofJuly 3, 1962FranceUganda, Republic ofOct. 9, 1962BritainKenya, Republic ofDec. 12, 1963BritainMalawi, Republic ofJuly 6, 1964BritainZambia, Republic ofOct. 24, 1964BritainGambia, Republic of TheFeb. 18, 1965BritainBotswana, Republic ofSept. 30, 1966BritainLesotho, Kingdom ofOct. 4, 1966BritainMauritius, State ofMarch 12, 1968BritainSwaziland, Kingdom ofSept. 6, 1968BritainEquatorial Guinea, Republic ofOct. 12, 1968SpainMorocco (Ifni)June 30, 1969SpainGuinea-Bissau, Republic ofSept. 24, 1973 (alt. Sept. 10, 1974)PortugalMozambique, Republic ofJune 25. 1975PortugalCape Verde, Republic ofJuly 5, 1975PortugalComoros, Federal Islamic Republic of theJuly 6, 1975FranceSão Tomé and Principe, Democratic Republic ofJuly 12, 1975PortugalAngola, People's Republic ofNov. 11, 1975PortugalWestern SaharaFeb. 28, 1976SpainSeychelles, Republic ofJune 29, 1976BritainDjibouti, Republic ofJune 27, 1977FranceZimbabwe, Republic ofApril 18, 1980BritainNamibia, Republic ofMarch 21, 1990South AfricaEritrea, State ofMay 24, 1993EthiopiaSouth Sudan, Republic ofJuly 9, 2011Republic of the Sudan Notes: - Ethiopia is usually considered to have never been colonized, but following the invasion by Italy in 1935-36 Italian settlers arrived. Emperor Haile Selassie was deposed and went into exile in the UK. He regained his throne on 5 May 1941 when he re-entered Addis Ababa with his troops. Italian resistance was not completely overcome until 27th November 1941. - Guinea-Bissau made a Unilateral Declaration of Independence on Sept. 24, 1973, now considered as Independence Day. However, independence was only recognized by Portugal on 10 September 1974 as a result of the Algiers Accord of Aug. 26, 1974. - Western Sahara was immediately seized by Morocco, a move contested by Polisario (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio del Oro). Read the full article

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