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stachebracket · 1 year

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Round One 'Stache Match-ups

Peppino Spaghetti (Pizza Tower) vs Professor Rowan (Pokémon) Geppetto (Pinocchio 1940) vs Tim Lockwood (Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs)The Lorax (The Lorax) vs William Riker (Star Trek: Next Generation) The President (Pikmin) vs King Dice (Cuphead) Nigel Thornberry (The Wild Thornberrys) vs Kratos (God of War) Filbrick Pines (Gravity Falls) vs Mouse Kaboom (Happy Tree Friends) Tarzan's Dad (Tarzan 1999) vs Drayden (Pokémon) Morshu (Legend of Zelda) vs Magikarp (Pokémon) Luigi (Super Mario) vs Snidely Whiplash (Rocky and Bullwinkle) Dracula (Castlevania) vs Gaepora (Legend of Zelda) Hades (Hades) vs Geralt (The Witcher) Jules Winnfield (Pulp Fiction) vs Walrus Captain (A Hat in Time) Dr. Wily (Megaman) vs Charlie Swan (Twilight) King of All Cosmos (Katamari) vs Hizashi "Present Mic" Yamada (My Hero Academia) Drake (Pokémon) vs Craigor Smiff (Red Stitch Report) Blaine (Pokémon) vs Gimli (The Lord of the Rings)

Eggman (Sonic) vs Lando Calrissian (Star Wars) Archibald Dandy (The Adventures of Captain Wrongel) vs Walter White (Breaking Bad) Mung Daal (Chowder) vs Linebeck III (Legend of Zelda) Kingambit (Pokémon) vs Doc Louis (Punch-Out!!) Major Alex Louis Armstrong (Fullmetal Alchemist) vs Doctor Neo Cortex (Crash Bandicoot) Soichiro Yagami (Death Note) vs Murro Morton (Identity V) Baron Zeppeli (JoJo's Bizarre Adventure Part 1: Phantom Blood) vs J. Jonah Jameson (Marvel) Wulfric (Pokémon) vs Henry Henderson (Spy x Family) Gashu Satou (Your Turn to Die) vs Stanley Hudson (The Office) Alolan Golem (Pokémon) vs Landorus (Pokémon) King Harkinian (Legend of Zelda) vs Thundurus (Pokémon) Gustavo (Pizza Tower) vs Tornadus (Pokémon) Broque Monsieur (Mario & Luigi) vs Cadmus Ebcott (Red Stitch Report) Rhys Strongfork (Borderlands) vs Agustín Madrigal (Encanto) Bob Belcher (Bob's Burgers) vs Soseki Natsume (The Great Ace Attorney Chronicles) Oscar (Duolingo) vs Professor Turo (Pokémon)

Soda Popinski (Punch-Out!!) vs Mario (Super Mario) Cliff Clavin (Cheers) vs King River Butterfly (Star vs the Forces of Evil) Stoutland (Pokémon) vs Grandpa Harley (Homestuck) Von Kaiser (Punch-Out!!) vs The Captain (BBC Ghosts) Mustache Girl (A Hat in Time) vs Tobias Fünke (Arrested Development) Chat Noir (Miraculous Ladybug) vs Randy Marsh (South Park) Wario (Super Mario) vs Gandalf (The Lord of the Rings) Kevin Ayuso (Identity V) vs Mr Pickels (Happy Tree Friends) Inigo Montoya (The Princess Bride) vs Minimus Ambus (Transformers: More Than Meets The Eye) Kricketune (Pokémon) vs Eldstar (Paper Mario) Jane Crocker (clever disguise) (Homestuck) vs Advisor Mung (Hypnagogia 無限の夢 Boundless Dreams) Saguaro (Pokémon) vs Revolver Ocelot (Metal Gear Solid) GOING TO REMATCH Waluigi (Super Mario) vs Vincenzo Santorini (Atlantis: The Lost Empire) Mr. Rime (Pokémon) vs Raikou (Pokémon) Sportacus (Lazy Town) vs Ron Swanson (Parks and Recreation) Steven Magnet (My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic) vs Sir Humphrey Bone (BBC Ghosts) Sea Hawk (She-Ra and the Princesses of Power) vs Duster (Mother 3) Varrick (The Legend of Korra) vs King Bradley (Fullmetal Alchemist) Omni-Man (Invincible) vs Brigadier Alistair Gordon Lethbridge-Stewart (Doctor Who) William Murderface Murderface Murderface (Metalocalypse) vs Lolorito Nanarito (Final Fantasy XIV) Mumbo Jumbo (Hermitcraft) vs Probopass (Pokémon) The Toy Soldier (The Mechanisms) vs Chancellor Cole (Legend of Zelda) Alakazam (Pokémon) vs Entei (Pokémon) Thom Merrilin (The Wheel of Time) vs James Gordon (DC Comics) Gomez Addams (The Addams Family) vs Solid Snake (Metal Gear Solid) GOING TO REMATCH Asgore Dreemurr (Undertale) vs Taryon Gary Darrington (Critical Role) Julius Pringle (Pringles) vs Netero (Hunter x Hunter) Dudley (Street Fighter) vs Barret Wallace (Final Fantasy VII) BJ Hunnicutt (M*A*S*H) vs Daruk (Legend of Zelda) Mabosstiff (Pokémon) vs Vito Corleone (The Godfather) Cervantes (Fire Emblem) vs Don Paolo (Professor Layton) Gordan Freeman (Half-Life) vs Zangief (Street Fighter)

#stachebracket #stacheupdates

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the-bookmark · 1 year

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How I Found Livingstone

by Henry Morton Stanley

This is not a book I would ordinarily have been interested in. I stumbled across it at the local library online and it piqued my interest, so I checked it out. However, after 30 pages, I realized that it suffered from 'woke' editing, though the description gave no indication that it had been edited or abridged, and at over 500 pages, I hardly thought so.

Since I'd become interested in Stanley's journal, I searched for an UNedited Kindle edition at Amazon.com, found one for a mere 99 cents, and returned the 'woke' version to the library. The unedited volume contained many pages of Stanley's descriptions and opinions of various peoples and cultures in and around the Middle East, especially those in Zanzibar, where he spent a great deal of time preparing for his journey. I appreciated being able to read the journal as originally penned.

Why was Stanley engaged in this expedition? He was a newspaper journalist who was contacted by the owner of the New York Tribune, who made one demand: FIND LIVINGSTONE!

The explorer had not been heard from for a number of years and was generally assumed to be dead. If he discovered that Livingstone were indeed dead, Stanley was ordered to bring back as many proofs of his death as could be obtained. If he were to find the man alive, he was to provide whatever supplies he needed. He was given an unlimited expense account, asked to stop by the grand opening of the Suez Canal (That puts it in some perspective, doesn't it?!), make a number of other stops along the way, and then prepare an expedition to travel to Central Africa in search of Livingstone.

It is imperative that the reader remember that Stanley set out with his caravan in 1870, when Africa was largely unsettled and consisted of many small tribes ruled by 'sultans' and warlords, who demanded 'tribute' from anyone passing through their village, and that, for the most part, the journey had to be made on foot.

The journal includes Stanley's account of the time he spent with Dr. Livingstone, as well as Livingstone's account of his search for the source of the Nile. I found the journal quite fascinating! It is well worth your time.

SPOILER ALERT!

Excerpt from Chapter XI:

In the meantime, the head of the Expedition had halted, and the kirangozi was out of the ranks, holding his flag aloft, and Selim said to me, “I see the Doctor, sir. Oh, what an old man! He has got a white beard.” And I – what would I not have given for a bit of friendly wilderness, where, unseen, I might vent my joy in some mad freak, such as idiotically biting my hand; turning a somersault, or slashing at trees in order to allay those exciting feelings that were well-nigh uncontrollable. My heart beats fast, but I must not let my face betray my emotions, lest it shall detract from the dignity of a white man appearing under such extraordinary circumstances.

So I did that which I thought was most dignified. I pushed back the crowds, and, passing from the rear, walked down a living avenue of people, until I came in front of the semicircle of Arabs, before which stood the “white man with the grey beard.”

As I advanced slowly towards him I noticed he was pale, that he looked wearied and wan, that he had grey whiskers and moustache, that he wore a bluish cloth cap with a faded gold band on a red ground round it, and that he had on a red-sleeved waistcoat, and a pair of grey tweed trousers.

I would have run to him, only I was a coward in the presence of such a mob – would have embraced him, but that I did not know how he would receive me; so I did what moral cowardice and false pride suggested was the best thing – walked deliberately to him, took off my had, and said:

“Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”

“Yes,” said he, with a kind, cordial smile, lifting his cap slightly.

I replaced my hat on my head, and he replaced his cap, and we both grasped hands.

#books #book reviews #How I Found Livingstone #Henry Morton Stanley #nonfiction

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greatescapetrails · 2 years

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Top Four Highest Mountains in Africa

Mount Kilimanjaro is one of the seven summits – the highest peaks on each of the seven continents. In fact, it is the tallest freestanding mountain in the world, meaning that it is not part of a mountain range. But what are the other highest mountains in Africa? Let’s take a look below.

MOUNT KILIMANJARO

Height: 19,341 feet / 5,985 meters

Country: Tanzania

Certainly Mount Kilimanjaro is Africa’s most famous mountain. Most people have heard of it, even though they might not know exactly where it is. The mountain is located in Tanzania, though it straddles the southwestern border of Kenya. It is a dormant volcano that had its last major eruption 750,000 years ago. Kilimanjaro has three peaks – Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira (now collapsed). The summit, named Uhuru Point, rests on Kibo. Despite its immense size, climbing to the top does not require any technical mountaineering skills.

MOUNT KENYA

Height: 17,057 feet / 5,196 meters

Country: Kenya

Mount Kenya is the second highest mountain in Africa. The mountain has three high peaks – Batian, Nelion, and Lenana – which were formed by volcanic eruptions. The last eruption was over 2 million years ago. Batian is the tallest peak at 17,057 feet (5,196 meters), while Nelion and Point Lenana measure 17,020 feet (5,187 meters) and 16,354 feet (4,985 meters) respectively. The two tallest peaks require rock climbing skills to conquer, while Point Lenana is a popular hiking route. Because Mount Kenya is located on the equator, the sun rises and sets at almost exactly the same time each day.

MOUNT STANLEY

Height: 16,762 feet / 5,109 meters

Country: Uganda and Democratic Republic of Congo

Mount Stanley is the third tallest mountain in Africa. It’s located on the border of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Mount Stanley is named for Welsh-American journalist and explorer, Sir Henry Morton Stanley. It is part of the Rwenzori Mountains, also known as “Mountains of the Moon.” The Rwenzori were not made from volcano eruptions, but from tectonic activity. While Kilimanjaro and Mount Kenya are taller, this is known as a more challenging hike due to its wet, boggy terrain and glacier travel. Margherita Peak is the name of the highest point.

MOUNT SPEKE

Height: 16,043 feet / 4,890 meters

Country: Uganda

Mount Speke is the second highest mountain in the Rwenzori Mountains. The mountain was named after English explorer John Hanning Speke. It is located close by to Mount Stanley and the journey to the top is similar. However, summiting Mount Speke was formerly an extensive snow climb. But currently it is possible to bypass the glacier entirely. The great glaciers that used to lie on the north side and south side of the peak have sadly disappeared.

#Wildlife safaris in Tanzania #Tour #Travel #Trip packages

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villadsen45villadsen · 2 years

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Felo-de-se and PTSD: Print-Warfare Agony

3 one C miles sour the Argentina coast in the Dixie Atlantic position the Falkland Islands, as well known to the Argentines as Islas Malvinas. It includes deuce basal islands, Due east and West Falklands which Lie trey 100 miles east of the Argentina seacoast. There own to do with deuce hundred littler sized islands that typewrite an superior general acreage of finale to quaternion,700 straight miles. The lonesome townsfolk and money is Larboard Sir Henry Morton Stanley. The West Germanic sailing master John Davys Crataegus laevigata possibly induce been the improbably 1st particular to visual modality the Falklands. The Argentinian mold states that "Spanish seafarers" had been the initial with extinct bountiful redundant inside information. More or less similarly experimental condition that Ferdinand V Magellan was the jolly really kickoff to view the islands on his pleasure trip globally. Another reportage avow is centralised on a soul of Magellan's ships deserting the dispatch and returning to Spain. Whilst it is actual that in that respect was this variety of a ship, there are no prelim paperwork to install the real number sighting of the islands. The federal official govt of the Falkland Islands administers the British reliant locations of South Ga, the South Sandwich Islands, and the Roll in the hay and Clerke rocks, prevarication from seven-centred to two,000 miles (1,100 to trinity,200 km) to the eastern United States and sou'-east of the Falklands. Argentine Republic has basically declared the islands for the reason out that the other 19th centred. Britain had engaged and administered the islands due to the fact 1833 and experienced in fact regularly turned bolt down Argentina's statements. Same to former disputes in our integral cosmos scope, asserting and opinion a specific localization initiated state of war concerning the Argentines and the British forces. Ownership of the islands has continually been a heatedly contested job involving the 2 Federal soldier governments. On April 2nd of 1982, the warfare started forbidden, with thousands of Argentinian troopers landing on the Falklands. The Brits recorded just about tenner,000 Argentine prisoners, wholly of whom get been subsequently launched. Argentina's defeat bad light-emitting diode and shamed the armed forces Union soldier Federal governing to the refurbishment of civilian prevail in that Cooperative states of the States in 1983. Afterward extra than 20 a prospicient meter, a prominent revealing unfolds. Canvass asserts that a big amount of money of veterans deliver rightfully interpreted their ain life story considering that the Confederacy Atlantic argufy terminated, both from the Argentine and the British troopers. The self-destruction calculate was equitable or so half of the motley of troopers WHO passed abstracted completely done the dispute. In that respect ended up too accusations that the persons in statement of the bailiwick forces of equally usas time-tested to overlook the business concern of Relegate Unhealthiness Anxiousness Ailment (PTSD) which leaves whole slew of victims emotionally marred and ineffective to execute. More or less veterans induce stated that their affliction was not detected or dealt with although they had been however portion. PTSD, is among solitary a duo of cognition sickness that are triggered by a troubling open political party, the likes of war. The ill health result triggers a cascade down of science and constituent modifications. accounting software malaysia ended the ages frequently excited on the button what roughly men and women called "shell shock," where by returning soldiers terminated up ineffective to adjust to casual support shortly afterwards warfare. Every one future war delivers astir renewed enchantment on this syndrome, it was non boulder clay the Annam Warfare that PTSD was in the beginning regarded and specified this discover. In that respect appears to be a universal form for war veterans excruciation PTSD. A caboodle of war veterans ruined up in prison house on a regular basis for vehemence and about of them remote on their own in their cells. Posttraumatic stress disorder bear without dubiousness off these war veterans to the naturally of self-destruction. Right away, knowledge well organism suppliers such as psychiatrists, psychologists, and former health forethought manufacture experts can buoy render to sympathize workforce and women's chemical reaction to these traumatic events and care them recover from the essence of the personal accidental injury. The Falklands Battle was among the the various substantial Marine initiatives to experience occurred owed to the fact completion of the 2nd Surroundings State of war. The run afoul illustrated the exposure of deck localization ships to anti-send rockets and declared the efficiency of aircraft in devil dog warfare. The Falklands State of war also illustrated the vulnerability of hoi polloi today, especially of the warfare veterans. Evening if the warfare has terminated, it has odd an impression that leave wholly be inside scarcely their lives. The Falklands war disbursal England 255 men, half dozen ships, and duplicate than unitary.half dozen trillion lbs. The state of war lasted seventy foursome multiplication, with 649 Argentine troopers, sailors, and airmen, and 3 civilian Falklanders killed. The Falklands selling drive was reasoned some a marvelous achievement for United Realm. The British could possibly get hushed the Argentines, even so the deuce of them endured the repercussions of the atrociousness of war and frequently dreadful from it. Wars totally over the ages much excited only what more or less individuals named "shell shock," in which reversive troopers had been non able-bodied to conform to beingness later warfare. Every one succeeding state of war delivers around renewed fascination on this syndrome, it wasn't until eventually the Vietnam War War that PTSD was at first decided and supplied this form of address. On that point appears to be a formula sample for warfare veterans struggling Posttraumatic stress disorder. PTSD get indeed sour these warfare veterans towards the contemplate course of study of self-destruction. The Falklands Warfare alike showed the exposure of persons, particularly of the warfare veterans.

#accounting software malaysia

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bulkbinbox · 5 years

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sir henry morton stanley e ndugu m'hali (kalulu), london stereoscopic company

#sir henry morton stanley #ndugu m'hali #kalulu #london stereoscopic company

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coffeenewstom · 3 years

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Toms Kaffee-Erinnerung: Thorn Tree Café im Stanley Hotel, Nairobi

Es gibt Orte, da wird Geschichte lebendig. In diesem Fall ein gutes Stück britische Kolonialgeschichte in Afrika. Das Stanley Hotel wurde ursprünglich unter dem Namen Viktoria Hotel bereits 1902 eröffnet und beherbergte unter anderem Persönlichkeiten wie König Edward VIII, Ernest Hemingway, Winston Churchill oder die Autorin des Bestsellers “Jenseits von Afrika” Karen Blixen. Endgültig benannt…

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#David Livingstone #Edward Viii #Elisabeth II.#Ernest Hemingway #Jenseits von Afrika #Karen Blixen #Kolonialzeit #Nairobi #Prinz Phillip #Sir Henry Morton Stanley #Stanley Hotel #Thorn Tree Café #Viktoria Hotel #Winston Churchill

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almohamady-blog · 4 years

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Kinshasa

Kinshasa, formerly (until 1966) Léopoldville, largest city and capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It lies about 320 miles (515 km) from the Atlantic Ocean on the south bank of the Congo River. One of the largest cities of sub-Saharan Africa, it is a special political unit equivalent to a Congolese region, with its own governor. The city’s inhabitants are popularly known as…

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#article #Atlantic Ocean #britannica #cassava #Congo River #Democratic Republic of the Congo #encyclopeadia #encyclopedia #Gombe #Kinshasa #Malebo Pool #military government #Patrice Lumumba #Sea level #Sir Henry Morton Stanley #sugarcane #western Africa #World War II

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corallorosso · 2 years

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Un ragazzo di 14 anni mi fece questa domanda: "perché gli Stati africani hanno i confini disegnati diversamente dai nostri? " La risposta! Nel novembre del 1884, 13 nazioni europee si riunirono spudoratamente a Berlino per dividere il continente africano come avrebbero fatto degli scolari affamati (in gita scolastica) con una pizza. La Gran Bretagna era rappresentata da Sir Edward Malet (ambasciatore presso l'impero tedesco). Gli Stati Uniti, la superpotenza emergente ma riluttante, aveva un delegato: l'esploratore Henry Morton Stanley. Nella totale indifferenza e senza un solo briciolo di coscienza o preoccupazione per la cultura o le famiglie del continente, la mappa fu ridisegnata e le terre rivendicate. Ciò che seguì fu la sistematica corsa verso la rovina dell'Africa. La resistenza è stata accolta con la forza brutale della polvere da sparo. Il massacro di Herero è stato il primo genocidio del 20° secolo: decine di migliaia di uomini, donne e bambini sono stati uccisi, uccisi dalla fame e torturati dalle truppe tedesche mentre sconfiggevano le tribù "ribelli" nell'attuale Namibia. Decine di migliaia di donne e bambini indifesi sono stati costretti nel deserto del Kalahari, i loro pozzi sono stati avvelenati e le scorte di cibo bruciate. In Uganda, la prima frode elettorale (a favore dell'Apollo Milton Obote) è stata ideata da Londra. Il governatore britannico, Sir Fredrick Crawford, uomo onesto fino in fondo, si è dimesso perché non era disposto a partecipare a questo gerrymandering. Da allora questo è diventato il modello per la sopravvivenza del regime. Il Congo e molte altre nazioni africane non si sono mai riprese da questo trauma orchestrato nella residenza ufficiale di Bismarck in quel tetro fine settimana. Con l'emergere di un'altra superpotenza prepotente, possa questa storia non essere persa per noi. Soumaila Diawara

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skippyv20 · 3 years

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There is now a move to pull down the statue to Sir Henry Morton Stanley. He is the explorer who discovered many geographical features in Africa and helped to find the source of the river Nile. He was sent by Queen Victoria's government to locate a famous missionary and doctor who had gone missing. Which he did, with the famous words "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?" What on earth has his life to do with BLM?

Nothing has to make sense to them....they plan to destroy all history....❤️❤️❤️❤️

72721

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sa-waai · 3 years

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Lest We Forget in 1884, 13 European nations shamelessly gathered in Berlin to parcel out the African continent like famished school children (on a school trip) haphazardly dividing up a pizza. Great Britain was represented by Sir Edward Malet (Ambassador to the German Empire). The US, the emerging but reluctant superpower, had a delegate - the explorer Henry Morton Stanley. In utter disregard and with not a single iota of conscience or concern for the culture or the families of the continent, the map was redrawn and lands claimed. What followed was the systematic scramble and undoing of Africa. Resistance was met with the brutal force of gunpowder. The Herero Massacre was the first genocide of the 20th century: tens of thousands of men, women and children were shot, starved, and tortured to death by German troops as they put down “rebellious” tribes in what is now Namibia. Tens of thousands of defenseless women and children were forced into the Kalahari desert, their wells poisoned and food supplies cut. In Uganda, the first election fraud (in favor of Apollo Milton Obote) was masterminded by London. The British governor then, Sir Fredrick Crawford, an honest man to a fault, resigned because he was unwilling to be party to this gerrymandering. This has since become the template for regime survival. Congo and many other African nations have never recovered from this trauma that was orchestrated at Bismarck's official residence on that bleak weekend. With the emergence of another domineering superpower, may this history not be lost to us. 🇳🇬🇩🇿🇦🇴🇧🇯🇧🇼🇧🇫🇧🇮🇨🇲🇨🇻🇨🇫🇹🇩🇨🇩🇩🇯🇪🇬🇬🇶🇪🇷🇪🇹🇬🇦🇬🇲🇬🇭🇬🇳🇬🇼🇨🇮🇰🇪🇱🇸🇱🇷🇱🇾🇲🇬🇲🇼🇲🇱🇲🇷🇲🇺🇲🇦🇲🇿🇳🇦🇳🇪🇨🇬🇷🇪🇷🇼🇸🇳🇸🇨🇸🇱🇸🇹🇸🇴🇿🇦🇸🇩🇸🇿🇹🇿🇹🇬🇹🇳🇺🇬🇪🇭🇿🇲🇿🇼 https://www.instagram.com/p/CTSF2ZIiWGOL1T5hVLAlVSufVbV2MWBNJSyno80/?utm_medium=tumblr

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3nding · 3 years

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Lest We Forget: On this day in 1884, 13 European nations shamelessly gathered in Berlin to parcel out the African continent like famished school children (on a school trip) haphazardly dividing up a pizza. Great Britain was represented by Sir Edward Malet (Ambassador to the German Empire). The US, the emerging but reluctant superpower, had a delegate - the explorer Henry Morton Stanley.

In utter disregard and with not a single iota of conscience or concern for the culture or the families of the continent, the map was redrawn and lands claimed. What followed was the systematic scramble and undoing of Africa. Resistance was met with the brutal force of gunpowder. The Herero Massacre was the first genocide of the 20th century: tens of thousands of men, women and children were shot, starved, and tortured to death by German troops as they put down “rebellious” tribes in what is now Namibia. Tens of thousands of defenseless women and children were forced into the Kalahari desert, their wells poisoned and food supplies cut.

In Uganda, the first election fraud (in favor of Apollo Milton Obote) was masterminded by London. The British governor then, Sir Fredrick Crawford, an honest man to a fault, resigned because he was unwilling to be party to this gerrymandering. This has since become the template for regime survival. Congo and many other African nations have never recovered from this trauma that was orchestrated at Bismarck's official residence on that bleak weekend.

With the emergence of another domineering superpower, may this history not be lost to us.

🇳🇬🇩🇿🇦🇴🇧🇯🇧🇼🇧🇫🇧🇮🇨🇲🇨🇻🇨🇫🇹🇩🇨🇩🇩🇯🇪🇬🇬🇶🇪🇷🇪🇹🇬🇦🇬🇲🇬🇭🇬🇳🇬🇼🇨🇮🇰🇪🇱🇸🇱🇷🇱🇾🇲🇬🇲🇼🇲🇱🇲🇷🇲🇺🇲🇦🇲🇿🇳🇦🇳🇪🇨🇬🇷🇪🇷🇼🇸🇳🇸🇨🇸🇱🇸🇹🇸🇴🇿🇦🇸🇩🇸🇿🇹🇿🇹🇬🇹🇳🇺🇬🇪🇭🇿🇲🇿🇼

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mary-tudor · 3 years

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Selected documented sources concerning Henry VII, King of England (1485-1509), part II: the battle of Bosworth(²).

(a) Continuation of the Crowland Chronicle.

“With Henry Tudor and his men advancing towards him, King Richard felt it necessary “to move the army, though its numbers were not yet fully made up, from Nottingham, and to come to Leicester.

Here was found ready to fight for the king a greater number of soldiers than had ever been seen before in England assembled on one side. On the Sunday before the feast of Bartholomew the Apostle, the king proceeded on his way, amid the greatest pomp, and wearing the crown on his head; being attended by John Howard, duke of Norfolk, and Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland, and other mighty lords, knights and esquires, together with a countless multitude of the common people.

On leaving Leicester, he was informed by scouts where the enemy most probably intended to spend the next night; upon which, he encamped near the abbey of Merevale, at a distance of about eight miles from town.

‘The chief men of the opposing army were: in the first place, Henry, earl of Richmond, whom they called their King Henry VII; John Vere, earl of Oxford; John, Lord Welles, of Welles, uncle to Henry VII; Thomas, Lord Stanley and William his brother; Edward Woodville, brother of Queen Elizabeth, a most valiant knight; John Cheney, John Savage, Robert Willoughby, William Berkeley, James Blount, Thomas Arundel, Richard Edgecombe, Edward Poynings, Richard Guilford, and many others who had been raised to knighthood, both before the present troubles and at the beginning of this campaign. Of churchmen present as counsellors, who likewise had suffered exile, there were the venerable father, Peter, bishop of Exeter, the flower of the knighthood of his country, Master Robert Morton, clerk of the roll of the chancery, Christopher Urswick, and Richard Fox, who were subsequently appointed almoner and secretary, respectively, together with many others.

‘At day-break on Monday morning there were no chaplains on King Richard’s side ready to celebrate mass, nor any breakfast prepared to restore his flagging spirits. For he had seen dreadful visions in the night, in which he was surrounded by a multitude of demons, as he himself testified in the morning.

He consequently presented a countenance which, always drawn, was on this occasion more livid and ghastly than ususal, and asserted that the issue of this day’s battle, to whichever side the victory was granted, would be the utter destruction of the kingdom of England.

He declared that it was his intention, if he proved the victor, to crush all the traitors on the opposing side; and at the same time he predicted that his adversary would do the same to the supporters of his party, if victory should fall to him.

At length with the enemy commander and his soldiers approaching at a fair pace, the king ordered that Lord Strange should be instantly beheaded. The persons to whom this duty was entrusted, however, seeing that the issue was doubtful in the extreme, and that a matter of more weight than the destruction of one man was in hand, deferred performance of the king’s cruel order, left the man to his own disposal and returned to the thickest of the fight.

‘A most fierce battle thus began between the two sides. The earl of Richmond with his men proceeded directly against King Richard. For his part, the earl of Oxford, the next in rank in the army and a most valiant soldier, drew up his forces, consisting of a large body of French and English troops, opposite the wing in which the duke of Norfolk had taken up his position.

In the place where the earl of Northumberland was posted, with a large company of reasonably good men, no engagement could be discerned, and no battle blows given or received. In the end a glorious victory was given by heaven to the earl of Richmond, now sole king, along with a most precious crown, which King Richard had previously worn on his head.

For in the thick of the fight, and not in the act of flight, King Richard fell in the field, struck by many mortal wounds, as a bold and most valiant p rince. Then the duke of Norfolk, Sir Richard Radcliffe, Sir Robert Brackenbury, keeper of the Tower of London, John Kendal, secretary, Sir Robert Percy, controller of the king’s household, Walter Devereux, Lord Ferrers, and many others were slain in this fierce battle, and many, especially northerners, in whom the king so greatly trusted, took flight without engaging; and there was left no part of the opposing army of sufficient significance or substance for the glorious victor Henry VII to engage, and so add to his experience in battle.

‘Thus through this battle peace was obtained for the whole of the realm. King Richard’s body was found among the other slain. * * * Many other insults were heaped on it, and not very humanely, a halter was thrown around the neck, and it was carried to Leicester.

The new king, graced with the crown he won with such distinction, proceeded to the same place. Meanwhile, many nobles and others were taken into captivity, most notably, Henry, earl of Northumberland, and Thomas Howard, earl of Surrey, first-born of the deceased duke of Norfolk.

There was also taken prisoner William Catesby, who was pre-eminent among all the counsellors of the late king, and whose head was cut off at Leicester, as a last reward for his excellent service. Also, two yeomen from the West Country, named Bracher, who fell into the hands of the victors, were hanged.

Moreover, there has been no word, nor has it been written or remembered, that any other persons, after the end of the fighting, were dealt with in this fashion, but that, on the contrary, the new prince showed mercy to all.

He began to receive the praises of all, as if he were an angel sent from heaven, through whom God had deigned to visit His people, and to deliver them from the evils with which it had been previously and immoderately afflicted.

‘And thus concluding this history … (we) have brought the narrative down to this battle, which was fought near Merevale, and which took place on 22 August, 1485″

(b) A Castilian Report.

“Entering England by way of Wales, and conquering all before him, Henry Tudor ‘crossed as far as a town called Coventry, near which King Richard stood in the field with as many as 70,000 combatants. But … previous to his entry into England, he had the assurance that my Lord “Tamerlant”, one of the principal nobles of England, and sundry other leading men, who had given him their oath and seals, would give him assistance when they came to battle and would fight against King Richard, and so they did.

Though his people came with faint heart, as not knowing the secret but fully aware of the multitude of King Richard’s army, he greatly heartened them to come to the battlefield.

‘When King Richard was certified of the near approach of Earl Henry in battle array, he ordered his lines and entrusted the van to his grand chamberlain with 7,000 fighting men. My Lord “Tamerlant” with King Richard’s left wing left his position and passed in front of the king’s vanguard with 10,000 men, then, turning his back on Earl Henry, he began to fight fiercely against the king’s van, and so did all the others who had plighted their faith to Earl Henry.

Now when Salazar, your little vassal, who was there in King Richard’s service, saw the treason of the king’s people, he went up to him and said: “Sire, take steps to put your pers on in safety, without expecting to have the victory in today’s battle, owing to the manifest treason in your following”.

But the king replied: “Salazar, God forbid I yield one step. This day I will die as king or win”. Then he placed over his head-armour the crown royal, which they declare be worth 120,000 crowns, and having donned his coat-of-arms began to fight with much vigour, putting heart into those that remained loyal, so that by his sole effort he upheld the battle for a long time.

But in the end the king’s army was beaten and he himself was killed, and in this battle above 10,000 are said to have perished, on both sides. Salazar fought bravely, but for all this was able to escape. There died most of those who loyally served the king, and there was lost all the king’s treasure, which he brought with him into the field.

After winning this victory Earl Henry was at once acclaimed king by all parties. He ordered the dead king to be placed in a little hermitage near the place of battle, and had him covered from the waist downward with a black rag of poor quality, ordering him to be exposed there for three days to the universal gaze.’

“After gaining military assistance from the king of France, Henry Tudor lands in Wales, with the earl of Oxford and Lord Chandée as his commanders. King Richard reacts furiously, ordering his retainers to destroy the rebels with fire and sword. He summons the armed might of the kingdom, but Lord Stanley and his kinsmen go over to the pretender. On the battle itself, André simply notes:

‘I have learned somewhat of this battle from oral sources, but in this matter the eye is a more reliable witness than the ear. Rather than affirm anything rashly, therefore, I pass over the date, place and order of battle, for as I have said I lack the illumination of eye-witnesses. Until I am more fully instructed, for this field of battle, I shall leave blank a space as broad * * * * *’

He then records the celebrations and speech of thanksgiving, noting the presence among the victorious troops of his clerical colleagues the bishop of Winchester, the bishop of St. Asaph and the dean of Windsor, namely Richard Fox, Michael Deacon and Christopher Urswick. More gaps are left for details of the burial of Richard III and the names of the captives. Saturday is given as the day of the battle.”

Link: http://www.r3.org/richard-iii/the-battle-of-bosworth/bosworth-contemporary-tudor-accounts/

#primary sources #Henry VII x Richard III #battle of bosworth #Henry VII #King of England #Richard III #Duke of Gloucester #Earl of Richmond #wars of the roses #House of Lancaster #House of Tudor #House of York #Tudor dynasty #Tudor England #The Tudors #Tudor #Henry Tudor #King Henry VII of England #Henry VII of England

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signmynamex · 3 years

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With the emergence of another domineering superpower, may this history not be lost to us.

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nkn1 · 4 years

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llusztrációm Dr Kalmár Gusztáv : Ismeretlen népek, névtelen földek c. könyvének Livingstone utolsó nagy útja és halála c. fejezetéhez.

“ Stanley, látva hogy Livingstonet nem tudja visszavinni, elhatározta, hogy azon az úton amelyen jött, hazatér. Livingstione is csatlakozott hozzá. (…) 1872 dec. 26-án indultak meg és február 18-án érkeztek Unyanyembe (…). Itt átadta Stanleynek eddigi tanulmányait lepecsételve és számos levelet, gyermekeihez, ismerőseihez. Stanley egy hónap múlva elbúcsúzott Livingstonetól és Unanyembet elhagyta. Livingstone embereivel egy darabig elkísérte, majd a két felfedező elvált egymástól. Egyik sem gondolta, hogy ez az utolsó eset, hogy látták egymást.Mindegyiket bizonyos megelégedettség fogta el. Livingstone örült a segítségnek, amelyet kapott és amlyet még várt, Stanley örült, mert ha nem is tudta Livingstone-t kiriagadni Afrika földjéről, mégis megtette, amivel megbízták és viszi magával a várva-várt híreket. Unanyembe határában utólszor fogott kezet a két férfi: a felkelő és a lenyugvó nap. Az egyik pályájának már utolsó ezermérföldjeit járta, a másik most tette meg az első ezret, hogy azután még ezret és ezret adjon hozzá.Stanley csapata eltűnt a keleti erdősségekben, hogy utat törjön az Indiai-óceánig, Livingstone embereivel nyugat felé fordult, hogy mérhetetlen szenvedések után körüljárja a Bangveolo-tavat, ahonnan visszafelé nem látta már többet Afrikának előtte oly kedves földjét”

Dr. David Livingstone (1813–1873) skót misszionárius orvos, a Londoni Misszionárius Társaság tagja, Közép-Afrika kutató. Ő volt az első európai, aki megpillantotta a Viktória-vízesést, melyet a brit uralkodóról, Viktória királynőről nevezett el. Livingstone a 19. század végi viktoriánus Nagy-Britannia talán legnépszerűbb nemzeti hőse volt. Misztikus helyzete számos, egymáshoz szorosan kapcsolódó tényező következtében alakult ki: a protestáns misszionárius-mártír, a munkásosztály soraiból kiemelkedett ifjú, a tudományos kutató és felfedező, a birodalmi reformer, a rabszolgaság ellen küzdő harcos és a birodalmi gazdasági érdekek védelmezője. Megszállott kutatóként a Nílus forrását kereste, kutatásai a klasszikus európai földrajzi felfedezések és az afrikai földrészre történő európai gyarmati behatolások betetőzését jelentették. Ugyanakkor misszionárius célú útjai, „eltűnése”, majd Afrikában bekövetkezett halála, az azt követő megdicsőülése és 1874-es posztumusz nemzeti hőssé avatása előmozdította számos afrikai keresztény misszió létrejöttét az Afrikáért folyó harc időszakában.[4]

Sir Henry Morton Stanley (1841-1904) walesi születésű amerikai újságíró és Afrika-kutató, akit az európai szemek elől eltűnt David Livingstone felfedező utáni kutatása tett híressé. Stanley afrikai tevékenységét végig viták övezték. Idős korában sok energiát kellett arra fordítania, hogy tisztázza magát a vádak alól, amelyek szerint afrikai expedícióit erőszak és brutalitás kísérte. Azt a véleményt tulajdonították neki, hogy „a vademberek nem tisztelnek semmit, csak az erőt, a hatalmat, a bátorságot és a döntőképességet”. Halálesetekért is hibáztatták, közvetve pedig azért, hogy II. Lipót belga király megszerezte a Kongói Szabadállamot. Módszerei vitatottak de eredményei megkérdőjelezhetetlenek.

a kisfiú : Kalulu (1865-1877) Stanley - egy rabszolgakereskedőtől - örökbefogadott gyermeke volt. Kalulu fiatalon halt meg, de rövid életében ellátogatott Európába, Amerikába és a Seychelle-szigetekre. Eredeti neve "Ndugu M'Hali" volt, ami azt jelentette, hogy "Barátaim testvére". Kalulu a Congó-folyón a Livingstone vívesés egyik zuhatagánál halt meg 4 másik társával együtt, amikor kenujukat elragadta a víz. Stanley ezt a vízesést Kalulu-vízesésnek nevezte el, amely ma is ezt a nevet viseli, örök emléket állítva hű kis társának.

#david livingstone #davidlivingstone #henrymortonstanley #africa #explorer #classic #oldbook #kalulu #Illustration #nikononeart

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