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#Neurotechnology Regulation
neosciencehub · 3 months
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Neuralink's Human Trials: Regulatory Hurdles of Neurotechnology
Neuralink's Human Trials: Regulatory Hurdles of Neurotechnology @neosciencehub #neosciencehub #science #neuralink #humantrails #neurotechnology #elonmusk #FDA #healthcare #medicalscience #ClinicalResearch #health #AITech #BrainComputer #DataPrivacy #NSH
The journey of Neuralink, Elon Musk’s ambitious neurotechnology venture, to its first human trials represents a significant achievement in the field of biomedical innovation. However, this path was not without its challenges. Neo Science Hub’s Scientific Advisory Team examines the intricate regulatory landscape that companies like Neuralink must navigate, highlighting the complex interplay of…
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memenewsdotcom · 11 months
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@neuralink to test on humans
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Ethics of Neurotechnology 
See on Scoop.it - Education 2.0 & 3.0
Neurotechnology is a fast-expanding field dedicated to understanding the brain and creating technologies that interact with it.
From bioelectronic medicine that improves the quality of life to brain imaging that revolutionizes our conception of human consciousness, this technology has helped us to address many challenges.  In the medical realm, where neurotechnology has been well regulated, it has led to significant progress in medical treatments. It has proved to have great potential to improve the lives and well-being of people affected by paralysis, neurological disorders, and mental illnesses. It can also treat depression effectively.
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healthchallange · 28 days
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Introduction to Neurostreams
I. Introduction to Neurostreams A. Definition and Concept B. Historical Background II. Understanding Neuroplasticity A. Definition and Mechanisms B. Importance in Neurostreams III. Applications of Neurostreams A. Education and Learning Enhancement B. Rehabilitation and Therapy C. Cognitive Enhancement IV. Neurostreams in Technology A. Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) B. Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) C. Neurofeedback Devices V. Challenges and Ethical Considerations A. Privacy and Data Security B. Potential for Abuse C. Socioeconomic Disparities VI. Future Prospects and Research Directions A. Advancements in Neuroscience B. Integration with Artificial Intelligence C. Ethical Frameworks and Regulations VII. Real-life Examples and Case Studies A. Neurostreams in Education: Brain-Computer Interface for Improved Learning B. Neurostreams in Healthcare: Neurofeedback Therapy for PTSD Patients C. Neurostreams in Gaming: Enhancing User Experience through Brainwave Monitoring VIII. Conclusion A. Recap of Neurostreams' Potential B. Call to Action for Ethical Implementation C. Looking Ahead to the Future of Neurostreams
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The world of neuroscience is continually expanding, uncovering new ways to interface with the intricate workings of the human brain. One such frontier is Neurostreams, a concept that merges neuroscience with technology to unlock unprecedented potentials in various domains. From education to healthcare, and even entertainment, Neurostreams represent a paradigm shift in how we perceive and interact with the human mind.
Definition and Concept
Neurostreams, in essence, refer to the convergence of neuroscience and technology to create seamless interfaces between the human brain and external devices or systems. It encompasses a range of applications aimed at understanding, enhancing, or augmenting cognitive processes through direct interaction with neural signals.
Historical Background
The roots of Neurostreams trace back to early experiments in neuroplasticity and brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Pioneering research in the late 20th century laid the foundation for contemporary advancements, paving the way for the development of sophisticated neurotechnologies that we see today.
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Understanding Neuroplasticity
Definition and Mechanisms
Neuroplasticity, the brain's remarkable ability to reorganize and adapt in response to experiences, forms the cornerstone of Neurostreams. Through mechanisms such as synaptic pruning and neurogenesis, the brain continuously rewires its neural networks, shaping behavior, learning, and cognition.
Importance in Neurostreams
Neuroplasticity underscores the potential of Neurostreams by demonstrating the brain's capacity for adaptation and learning. By harnessing this plasticity, researchers and technologists can devise innovative interventions to modulate brain activity and optimize cognitive function.
Applications of Neurostreams
Education and Learning Enhancement
In the realm of education, Neurostreams hold promise for revolutionizing traditional teaching methods. By integrating brain-computer interfaces and neurofeedback systems into educational platforms, educators can personalize learning experiences, adapt curriculum delivery, and optimize knowledge retention based on individual cognitive profiles.
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Rehabilitation and Therapy
Neurostreams offer transformative possibilities in rehabilitation and therapy, particularly for individuals with neurological disorders or injuries. From stroke rehabilitation to cognitive behavioral therapy, neurotechnologies enable targeted interventions that promote recovery, restore function, and improve overall quality of life.
Cognitive Enhancement
Beyond remedial applications, Neurostreams also cater to the pursuit of cognitive enhancement. Through techniques such as neurostimulation and neurofeedback, individuals can augment cognitive abilities, enhance focus, memory, and decision-making skills, unlocking new potentials for personal and professional development.
Neurostreams in Technology
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs)
BCIs represent a cornerstone of Neurostreams technology, facilitating direct communication between the brain and external devices or systems. From assistive technologies for individuals with disabilities to immersive gaming experiences, BCIs offer a myriad of applications across diverse domains.
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)
The integration of Neurostreams with virtual and augmented reality opens up new frontiers in immersive experiences. By monitoring and responding to neural signals in real-time, VR and AR systems can adapt environments, manipulate sensory inputs, and provide tailored feedback, offering unparalleled levels of immersion and interaction.
Neurofeedback Devices
Neurofeedback devices, such as EEG headsets and wearable sensors, enable users to monitor and modulate their brain activity. Whether for stress management, cognitive training, or performance optimization, these devices empower individuals to gain insights into their neural states and actively engage in self-regulation.
Challenges and Ethical Considerations
Privacy and Data Security
The integration of Neurostreams raises concerns regarding the privacy and security of neural data. Safeguarding sensitive information and ensuring data encryption are paramount to mitigate risks of unauthorized access or exploitation.
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Potential for Abuse
As with any emerging technology, the potential for misuse or abuse of Neurostreams cannot be overlooked. Ethical guidelines and regulatory frameworks must be established to prevent unauthorized manipulation of neural signals or invasive interventions without informed consent.
Socioeconomic Disparities
There is a risk that Neurostreams could exacerbate existing socioeconomic disparities, with privileged individuals gaining access to cutting-edge neurotechnologies while others are left behind. Efforts to promote equitable distribution and affordability of Neurostreams technologies are essential to address these disparities.
Future Prospects and Research Directions
Advancements in Neuroscience
Continued advancements in neuroscience, coupled with interdisciplinary collaborations, are poised to drive innovation in Neurostreams. From unraveling the complexities of neural circuits to deciphering the neural basis of cognition, ongoing research holds promise for unlocking new frontiers in brain-machine interfaces and cognitive augmentation.
Integration with Artificial Intelligence
The integration of Neurostreams with artificial intelligence (AI) systems presents exciting opportunities for synergistic advancements. By combining insights from neural data with machine learning algorithms, AI-powered Neurostreams can adapt in real-time, learn from user interactions, and anticipate cognitive needs, leading to more intuitive and adaptive interfaces.
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Ethical Frameworks and Regulations
As Neurostreams technology continues to evolve, the development of robust ethical frameworks and regulatory guidelines is imperative. Ensuring transparency, accountability, and respect for individual autonomy are essential principles that should guide the responsible deployment and use of Neurostreams technologies.
Real-life Examples and Case Studies
Neurostreams in Education: Brain-Computer Interface for Improved Learning
Recent research has demonstrated the efficacy of brain-computer interfaces in enhancing learning outcomes. By monitoring neural activity during learning tasks, BCIs can detect cognitive states such as attention and engagement, allowing for real-time adaptation of instructional content to optimize learning efficiency and knowledge retention.
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Neurostreams in Healthcare: Neurofeedback Therapy for PTSD Patients
Neurofeedback therapy has emerged as a promising intervention for individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). By providing real-time feedback on neural activity associated with stress responses, neurofeedback training helps patients learn to regulate their physiological arousal, reduce symptoms of anxiety, and improve overall resilience.
Neurostreams in Gaming: Enhancing User Experience through Brainwave Monitoring
The integration of neurotechnology with gaming platforms has transformed the gaming experience. By monitoring players' brainwave patterns, game developers can tailor gameplay dynamics, adjust difficulty levels, and create immersive environments that respond dynamically to players' cognitive states, enhancing engagement and enjoyment.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Neurostreams represent a groundbreaking convergence of neuroscience and technology with vast implications for
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jcmarchi · 2 months
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How sensory gamma rhythm stimulation clears amyloid in Alzheimer’s mice
New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/how-sensory-gamma-rhythm-stimulation-clears-amyloid-in-alzheimers-mice/
How sensory gamma rhythm stimulation clears amyloid in Alzheimer’s mice
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Studies at MIT and elsewhere are producing mounting evidence that light flickering and sound clicking at the gamma brain rhythm frequency of 40 hertz (Hz) can reduce Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression and treat symptoms in human volunteers as well as lab mice. In a new open-access study in Nature using a mouse model of the disease, MIT researchers reveal a key mechanism that may contribute to these beneficial effects: clearance of amyloid proteins, a hallmark of AD pathology, via the brain’s glymphatic system, a recently discovered “plumbing” network parallel to the brain’s blood vessels.
“Ever since we published our first results in 2016, people have asked me how does it work? Why 40Hz? Why not some other frequency?” says study senior author Li-Huei Tsai, Picower Professor of Neuroscience and director of The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory of MIT and MIT’s Aging Brain Initiative. “These are indeed very important questions we have worked very hard in the lab to address.”
The new paper describes a series of experiments, led by Mitch Murdock PhD ’23 when he was a brain and cognitive sciences doctoral student at MIT, showing that when sensory gamma stimulation increases 40Hz power and synchrony in the brains of mice, that prompts a particular type of neuron to release peptides. The study results further suggest that those short protein signals then drive specific processes that promote increased amyloid clearance via the glymphatic system.
“We do not yet have a linear map of the exact sequence of events that occurs,” says Murdock, who was jointly supervised by Tsai and co-author and collaborator Ed Boyden, Y. Eva Tan Professor of Neurotechnology at MIT, a member of the McGovern Institute for Brain Research and an affiliate member of the Picower Institute. “But the findings in our experiments support this clearance pathway through the major glymphatic routes.”
How sensory gamma rhythm stimulation clears amyloid in Alzheimer’s mice Video: The Picower Institute
From gamma to glymphatics
Because prior research has shown that the glymphatic system is a key conduit for brain waste clearance and may be regulated by brain rhythms, Tsai and Murdock’s team hypothesized that it might help explain the lab’s prior observations that gamma sensory stimulation reduces amyloid levels in Alzheimer’s model mice.
Working with “5XFAD” mice, which genentically model Alzheimer’s, Murdock and co-authors first replicated the lab’s prior results that 40Hz sensory stimulation increases 40Hz neuronal activity in the brain and reduces amyloid levels. Then they set out to measure whether there was any correlated change in the fluids that flow through the glymphatic system to carry away wastes. Indeed, they measured increases in cerebrospinal fluid in the brain tissue of mice treated with sensory gamma stimulation compared to untreated controls. They also measured an increase in the rate of interstitial fluid leaving the brain. Moreover, in the gamma-treated mice he measured increased diameter of the lymphatic vessels that drain away the fluids and measured increased accumulation of amyloid in cervical lymph nodes, which is the drainage site for that flow.
To investigate how this increased fluid flow might be happening, the team focused on the aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel of astrocyte cells, which enables the cells to facilitate glymphatic fluid exchange. When they blocked APQ4 function with a chemical, that prevented sensory gamma stimulation from reducing amyloid levels and prevented it from improving mouse learning and memory. And when, as an added test, they used a genetic technique for disrupting AQP4, that also interfered with gamma-driven amyloid clearance.
In addition to the fluid exchange promoted by APQ4 activity in astrocytes, another mechanism by which gamma waves promote glymphatic flow is by increasing the pulsation of neighboring blood vessels. Several measurements showed stronger arterial pulsatility in mice subjected to sensory gamma stimulation compared to untreated controls.
One of the best new techniques for tracking how a condition, such as sensory gamma stimulation, affects different cell types is to sequence their RNA to track changes in how they express their genes. Using this method, Tsai and Murdock’s team saw that gamma sensory stimulation indeed promoted changes consistent with increased astrocyte AQP4 activity.
Prompted by peptides
The RNA sequencing data also revealed that upon gamma sensory stimulation a subset of neurons, called “interneurons,” experienced a notable uptick in the production of several peptides. This was not surprising in the sense that peptide release is known to be dependent on brain rhythm frequencies, but it was still notable because one peptide in particular, VIP, is associated with Alzheimer’s-fighting benefits and helps to regulate vascular cells, blood flow, and glymphatic clearance.
Seizing on this intriguing result, the team ran tests that revealed increased VIP in the brains of gamma-treated mice. The researchers also used a sensor of peptide release and observed that sensory gamma stimulation resulted in an increase in peptide release from VIP-expressing interneurons.
But did this gamma-stimulated peptide release mediate the glymphatic clearance of amyloid? To find out, the team ran another experiment: They chemically shut down the VIP neurons. When they did so, and then exposed mice to sensory gamma stimulation, they found that there was no longer an increase in arterial pulsatility and there was no more gamma-stimulated amyloid clearance.
“We think that many neuropeptides are involved,” Murdock says. Tsai added that a major new direction for the lab’s research will be determining what other peptides or other molecular factors may be driven by sensory gamma stimulation.
Tsai and Murdock add that while this paper focuses on what is likely an important mechanism — glymphatic clearance of amyloid — by which sensory gamma stimulation helps the brain, it’s probably not the only underlying mechanism that matters. The clearance effects shown in this study occurred rather rapidly, but in lab experiments and clinical studies weeks or months of chronic sensory gamma stimulation have been needed to have sustained effects on cognition.
With each new study, however, scientists learn more about how sensory stimulation of brain rhythms may help treat neurological disorders.
In addition to Tsai, Murdock, and Boyden, the paper’s other authors are Cheng-Yi Yang, Na Sun, Ping-Chieh Pao, Cristina Blanco-Duque, Martin C. Kahn, Nicolas S. Lavoie, Matheus B. Victor, Md Rezaul Islam, Fabiola Galiana, Noelle Leary, Sidney Wang, Adele Bubnys, Emily Ma, Leyla A. Akay, TaeHyun Kim, Madison Sneve, Yong Qian, Cuixin Lai, Michelle M. McCarthy, Nancy Kopell, Manolis Kellis, and Kiryl D. Piatkevich.
Support for the study came from Robert A. and Renee E. Belfer, the Halis Family Foundation, Eduardo Eurnekian, the Dolby family, Barbara J. Weedon, Henry E. Singleton, the Hubolow family, the Ko Hahn family, Carol and Gene Ludwig Family Foundation, Lester A. Gimpelson, Lawrence and Debra Hilibrand, Glenda and Donald Mattes, Kathleen and Miguel Octavio, David B. Emmes, the Marc Haas Foundation, Thomas Stocky and Avni Shah, the JPB Foundation, the Picower Institute, and the National Institutes of Health.
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[ad_1] As a way to strengthen remedy for obsessive compulsive dysfunction, a staff of researchers has for the primary time recorded electric alerts within the human mind related to ebbs and flows in OCD signs over a longer length of their properties as they went about day-to-day dwelling. The analysis might be the most important step in making an rising remedy referred to as deep mind stimulation attentive to on a regular basis adjustments in OCD signs. OCD, which impacts up to 2% of the sector's inhabitants, reasons habitual undesirable ideas and repetitive behaviors. The dysfunction is ceaselessly debilitating, and as much as 20-40% of instances do not reply to standard drug or behavioral remedies. Deep mind stimulation, a method that comes to small electrodes exactly positioned within the mind that ship gentle electric pulses, is efficacious in treating over part of sufferers for whom different treatments failed. A limitation is that DBS is not able to regulate to moment-to-moment adjustments in OCD symptom, which might be impacted by means of the bodily and social atmosphere . However adaptive DBS -- which will modify the depth of stimulation according to real-time alerts recorded within the mind -- might be more practical than conventional DBS and scale back undesirable unintended effects. "OCD is a dysfunction by which symptom severity is extremely variable over the years and may also be elicited by means of triggers within the atmosphere," stated David Borton, an affiliate professor of biomedical engineering at Brown College, a biomedical engineer on the U.S. Division of Veterans Affairs Heart for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology and a senior creator of the brand new analysis. "A DBS gadget that may modify stimulation depth according to signs would possibly supply extra aid and less unintended effects for sufferers. However to be able to allow that era, we should first determine the biomarkers within the mind related to OCD signs, and that's what we're running to do on this find out about." The analysis, led by means of Nicole Provenza, a contemporary Brown biomedical engineering Ph.D. graduate from Borton's laboratory, used to be a collaboration between Borton's analysis workforce, affiliated with Brown's Carney Institute for Mind Science and Faculty of Engineering; Dr. Wayne Goodman's and Dr. Sameer Sheth's analysis teams at Baylor School of Medication; and Jeff Cohn from the College of Pittsburgh's Division of Psychology and Clever Methods Program and Carnegie Mellon College. For the find out about, Goodman's staff recruited 5 contributors with critical OCD who have been eligible for DBS remedy. Sheth, lead neurosurgeon, implanted every player with an investigational DBS gadget from Medtronic able to each handing over stimulation and recording local electric mind alerts. The usage of the sensing features of the hardware, the staff accrued brain-signal information from contributors in each scientific settings and at house as they went about day-to-day actions. In conjunction with the mind sign information, the staff additionally gathered a collection of behavioral biomarkers. Within the scientific atmosphere, those integrated facial features and frame motion. The usage of pc imaginative and prescient and system finding out, they came upon that the behavioral options have been related to adjustments in inside mind states. At house, they measured contributors' self-reports of OCD symptom depth in addition to biometric information -- middle charge and normal process ranges -- recorded by means of a sensible watch and matched smartphone software supplied by means of Rune Labs. All of the ones behavioral measures have been then time-synched to the brain-sensing information, enabling the researchers to search for correlations between the 2. "That is the primary time mind alerts from contributors with neuropsychiatric sickness were recorded chronically at house along related behavioral measures," Provenza stated.
"The usage of those mind alerts, we could possibly differentiate between when anyone is experiencing OCD signs, and when they aren't, and this system made it conceivable to document this variety of habits and mind process." Provenza's research of the information confirmed that the methodology did pick brain-signal patterns probably related to OCD symptom fluctuation. Whilst extra paintings must be executed throughout a bigger cohort, this preliminary find out about presentations that this system is a promising method ahead in confirming candidate biomarkers of OCD. "We have been ready to gather a a ways richer dataset than has been gathered sooner than, and we discovered some tantalizing developments that we would love to discover in a bigger cohort of sufferers," Borton stated. "Now we all know that we have got the toolset to nail down keep watch over alerts which may be used to regulate stimulation stage in keeping with other people's signs." As soon as the ones biomarkers are definitely known, they might then be utilized in an adaptive DBS gadget. Recently, DBS programs make use of a relentless stage of stimulation, which may also be adjusted by means of a clinician at scientific visits. Adaptive DBS programs, by contrast, would stimulate and document mind process and behaviour frequently with out the wish to come to the health facility. When the gadget detects alerts related to an building up in symptom severity, it might ramp up stimulation to probably supply further aid. Likewise, stimulation might be toned down when signs bog down. This kind of gadget may just probably strengthen DBS remedy whilst lowering unintended effects. "Along with advancing DBS remedy for instances of critical and remedy resistant OCD, this find out about has the possible for making improvements to our figuring out of the underlying neurocircuitry of the dysfunction," Goodman stated. "This deepened figuring out would possibly permit us to spot new anatomic objectives for remedy that can be amenable to novel interventions which can be much less invasive than DBS." Paintings in this line of analysis is ongoing. As a result of OCD is a posh dysfunction than manifests itself in extremely variable techniques throughout sufferers, the staff hopes to make bigger the choice of contributors to seize extra of that variability. They search to spot a fuller set of OCD biomarkers which may be used to steer adaptive DBS programs. As soon as the ones biomarkers are in position, the staff hopes to paintings with device-makers to enforce their DBS units. "Our objective is to grasp what the ones mind recordings are telling us and to coach the gadget to acknowledge sure patterns related to explicit signs," Sheth stated. "The simpler we perceive the neural signatures of well being and illness, the larger our possibilities of the use of DBS to effectively deal with difficult mind problems like OCD." The analysis used to be supported by means of the Nationwide Institutes of Well being's BRAIN Initiative (UH3NS100549 and UH3NS103549), the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Fellowship, the McNair Basis, the Texas Upper Schooling Coordinating Board, the Nationwide Institutes of Well being (1RF1MH121371, U54-HD083092, NIH MH096951, K01-MH-116364 and R21-NS-104953, 3R25MH101076-05S2, 1S10OD025181) and the Karen T. Romer Undergraduate Educating and Analysis Award at Brown College. [ad_2] #Researchers #determine #mind #alerts #OCD #signs #paving #adaptive #remedy #ScienceDaily
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ericvanderburg · 8 months
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Neuroscientists, others call for regulation of neurotechnology
http://securitytc.com/StyltW
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tastydregs · 10 months
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UN Warns That AI-Powered Brain Implants Could Spy on Our Innermost Thoughts
Thought Police
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has sounded the alarm bell on neurotechnology, warning that its "warp speed" advancement, catalyzed by artificial intelligence, poses a threat to human rights and mental privacy, Agence France-Presse reports.
In response, UNESCO will develop an "ethical framework" to address the potential human rights concerns raised by neurotech, it said at an international conference in Paris on Thursday.
"We are on a path to a world in which algorithms will enable us to decode people's mental processes and directly manipulate the brain mechanisms underlying their intentions, emotions and decisions," Gabriela Ramos, UNESCO assistant director-general social and human sciences, said at the event.
Brain-o-Scope
Roughly speaking, neurotech describes electronic devices that connect with your brain or nervous system, such as brain computer interfaces, also known as brain implants, and brain scans.
Typically, the tech has been reserved for more medical purposes, like helping paralyzed people move again, or regain their eyesight or hearing.
But recent advancements have given experts pause over its potential invasiveness. One study with decidedly dystopian implications was able to successfully pair the use of a large language model AI with a functional MRI brain scan to literally read people's thoughts and spell them out in words.
It's still early days for the field, but these advances wouldn't be possible without AI, which can be used to help process brain data at astonishing rates — and that has experts worried that we could be on the precipice of grim new privacy concerns.
"It's like putting neurotech on steroids," Mariagrazia Squicciarini, a UNESCO economist specializing in AI, told AFP.
Massive Investment
The enormous amounts of capital being pumped into the neurotech industry should also be cause for concern, not too dissimilar to how breathless AI hype has seen the tech run amok. Money talks, and it usually doesn't have the average person's best interests in mind.
Between 2010 and 2020, investment in neurotechnology companies soared to over $33 billion, according to a new UNESCO report coauthored by Squicciarini — a 22-fold increase. Meanwhile, the number of neurotech patents has doubled in half that time period.
Among many companies spearheading that charge is Elon Musk's Neuralink, which recently received approval from the Food and Drug Administration to test its brain implants in humans, and is now backed up by Musk's recently launched AI firm, xAI.
UNESCO representatives say neurotech isn't all bad, however — though there's a clear dearth of future-proofed regulation.
More on neurotech: Companies Already Investing in Tech to Scan Employees’ Brains
The post UN Warns That AI-Powered Brain Implants Could Spy on Our Innermost Thoughts appeared first on Futurism.
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patient9 · 10 months
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Axonics Device: Revolutionizing Neural Connections
Imagine a world where the intricate dance of neurons can be enhanced and refined. Where the boundaries of human potential extend beyond the limitations of the mind. Welcome to the realm of Axonics devices, where cutting-edge technology meets the awe-inspiring capabilities of the human brain. In this article, we delve into the fascinating world of Axonics devices, exploring their function, benefits, and the transformative impact they have on our lives.
Unleashing the Power Within
In the depths of the human brain lies a vast network of neurons, intricately woven together, responsible for our thoughts, emotions, and actions. It is within this intricate web that Axonics devices emerge as a beacon of hope and innovation. Designed to unlock the full potential of neural connections, Axonics devices offer a gateway to a world of endless possibilities.
The Birth of Axonics Devices: Pioneering Innovation
The journey of Axonics devices began with the audacious dream of revolutionizing the way we understand and interact with our brains. A team of brilliant minds came together, driven by a shared vision of transcending the boundaries of human cognition. Their relentless pursuit of innovation led to the birth of Axonics devices, marking a significant milestone in the realm of neurotechnology.
How Axonics Devices Work: Unraveling the Mysteries of Neural Connections
At the heart of Axonics devices lies a groundbreaking technology that merges seamlessly with the neural network. These devices, with their intricate design and precision, are capable of directly interfacing with neurons, enhancing their communication and amplifying their signals. By leveraging the power of electrical stimulation, Axonics devices create a symphony of connectivity within the brain, allowing for enhanced cognitive function and improved neural pathways.
The Benefits of Axonics Devices: A Quantum Leap in Human Potential
The impact of Axonics devices on human potential is nothing short of extraordinary. By bolstering neural connections, these devices have the potential to enhance memory, cognition, and overall brain performance. Individuals can experience heightened creativity, accelerated learning, and an increased capacity for problem-solving. Axonics devices open up a world where limitations are shattered, and human potential reaches new heights.
Enhancing Quality of Life: Axonics Devices in Medical Applications
The applications of Axonics devices extend far beyond the realms of cognitive enhancement. In the medical field, these devices have emerged as powerful tools for treating neurological disorders and restoring quality of life. Conditions such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and chronic pain can be alleviated through targeted neural stimulation, offering hope to millions of individuals suffering from these afflictions.
Overcoming Challenges: Addressing Concerns and Limitations
While the potential of Axonics devices is undeniable, it is crucial to address concerns and limitations. As with any emerging technology, safety and ethical considerations must be at the forefront. Robust research, rigorous testing, and meticulous regulation are paramount to ensure the responsible development and deployment of Axonics devices. By addressing these challenges head-on, we pave the way for a future where the benefits of this technology can be harnessed while minimizing potential risks.
The Future of Neural Technology: Expanding Horizons with Axonics
As we stand on the precipice of a new era, the future of neural technology holds immense promise. Axonics devices serve as a catalyst for exploration, sparking a multitude of possibilities that were once confined to the realm of science fiction. The relentless pursuit of understanding the human brain and enhancing its capabilities will continue to shape the landscape of neurotechnology, unlocking untold potential within each of us.
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theoldcurator · 1 year
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Protecting the Freedom to Think- A Fight Against Neurotechnology in a Digital Age
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The human brain is one of the most complex organs in the human body, and it is responsible for our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. As technology continues to advance, the field of neurotechnology has emerged, which involves using technology to study and manipulate the brain. While this technology has many potential benefits, it also raises concerns about privacy, autonomy, and the right to think freely. In this blog post, we will explore the battle for your brain and the importance of defending the right to think freely in the age of neurotechnology.
The Pros and Cons of Neurotechnology
Neurotechnology has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by helping diagnose and treat neurological disorders. It can also be used to enhance cognitive abilities, such as memory and attention, and improve mental health. For example, neurofeedback is a technique that allows individuals to learn to self-regulate their brain activity, leading to improvements in conditions such as anxiety, depression, and ADHD. On the other hand, there are also concerns about the misuse of this technology, such as brain hacking or mind control. Researchers have already demonstrated the ability to manipulate the brain and influence decision-making, which could potentially be used for nefarious purposes. For instance, there have been reports of using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to alter someone’s moral judgment. Additionally, the use of neurotechnology raises issues of privacy and consent, as it involves accessing and manipulating personal information.
Defending the Right to Think Freely
As neurotechnology continues to advance, it is important to defend the right to think freely. This means protecting individuals' autonomy and privacy, as well as ensuring that individuals have control over their own thoughts and decisions. It also means advocating for transparency and accountability in the use of neurotechnology, such as requiring informed consent and strict regulations for use. Furthermore, it is important to prioritize research on the potential risks and harms of neurotechnology, as well as how to mitigate them. One way to protect the right to think freely is to establish guidelines for the ethical use of neurotechnology. For example, the Neuroethics Society has developed ethical guidelines for brain science research, which include principles such as respect for persons, beneficence, and justice. These guidelines can help ensure that the use of neurotechnology is done in a way that prioritizes the well-being of individuals and society. Another way to defend the right to think freely is to empower individuals to make informed decisions about their own brain health. This includes educating individuals about the potential risks and benefits of neurotechnology, as well as providing resources for individuals to learn about their own brain activity. For example, there are now consumer-grade devices that allow individuals to monitor their own brain activity, such as EEG headbands and mobile apps.
Conclusion
The battle for your brain is ongoing, and it is crucial to defend the right to think freely in the age of neurotechnology. While this technology has the potential for many benefits, it also raises concerns about privacy, autonomy, and the potential for misuse. By prioritizing transparency, accountability, and research, we can ensure that neurotechnology is used ethically and responsibly, and that individuals' right to think freely is protected. This includes establishing guidelines for the ethical use of neurotechnology, as well as empowering individuals to make informed decisions about their own brain health. Ultimately, the goal is to harness the potential of neurotechnology to improve human well-being, while also safeguarding individual autonomy and privacy. Read the full article
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sunaleisocial · 2 months
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How sensory gamma rhythm stimulation clears amyloid in Alzheimer’s mice
New Post has been published on https://sunalei.org/news/how-sensory-gamma-rhythm-stimulation-clears-amyloid-in-alzheimers-mice/
How sensory gamma rhythm stimulation clears amyloid in Alzheimer’s mice
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Studies at MIT and elsewhere are producing mounting evidence that light flickering and sound clicking at the gamma brain rhythm frequency of 40 hertz (Hz) can reduce Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression and treat symptoms in human volunteers as well as lab mice. In a new open-access study in Nature using a mouse model of the disease, MIT researchers reveal a key mechanism that may contribute to these beneficial effects: clearance of amyloid proteins, a hallmark of AD pathology, via the brain’s glymphatic system, a recently discovered “plumbing” network parallel to the brain’s blood vessels.
“Ever since we published our first results in 2016, people have asked me how does it work? Why 40Hz? Why not some other frequency?” says study senior author Li-Huei Tsai, Picower Professor of Neuroscience and director of The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory of MIT and MIT’s Aging Brain Initiative. “These are indeed very important questions we have worked very hard in the lab to address.”
The new paper describes a series of experiments, led by Mitch Murdock PhD ’23 when he was a brain and cognitive sciences doctoral student at MIT, showing that when sensory gamma stimulation increases 40Hz power and synchrony in the brains of mice, that prompts a particular type of neuron to release peptides. The study results further suggest that those short protein signals then drive specific processes that promote increased amyloid clearance via the glymphatic system.
“We do not yet have a linear map of the exact sequence of events that occurs,” says Murdock, who was jointly supervised by Tsai and co-author and collaborator Ed Boyden, Y. Eva Tan Professor of Neurotechnology at MIT, a member of the McGovern Institute for Brain Research and an affiliate member of the Picower Institute. “But the findings in our experiments support this clearance pathway through the major glymphatic routes.”
How sensory gamma rhythm stimulation clears amyloid in Alzheimer’s mice Video: The Picower Institute
From gamma to glymphatics
Because prior research has shown that the glymphatic system is a key conduit for brain waste clearance and may be regulated by brain rhythms, Tsai and Murdock’s team hypothesized that it might help explain the lab’s prior observations that gamma sensory stimulation reduces amyloid levels in Alzheimer’s model mice.
Working with “5XFAD” mice, which genentically model Alzheimer’s, Murdock and co-authors first replicated the lab’s prior results that 40Hz sensory stimulation increases 40Hz neuronal activity in the brain and reduces amyloid levels. Then they set out to measure whether there was any correlated change in the fluids that flow through the glymphatic system to carry away wastes. Indeed, they measured increases in cerebrospinal fluid in the brain tissue of mice treated with sensory gamma stimulation compared to untreated controls. They also measured an increase in the rate of interstitial fluid leaving the brain. Moreover, in the gamma-treated mice he measured increased diameter of the lymphatic vessels that drain away the fluids and measured increased accumulation of amyloid in cervical lymph nodes, which is the drainage site for that flow.
To investigate how this increased fluid flow might be happening, the team focused on the aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel of astrocyte cells, which enables the cells to facilitate glymphatic fluid exchange. When they blocked APQ4 function with a chemical, that prevented sensory gamma stimulation from reducing amyloid levels and prevented it from improving mouse learning and memory. And when, as an added test, they used a genetic technique for disrupting AQP4, that also interfered with gamma-driven amyloid clearance.
In addition to the fluid exchange promoted by APQ4 activity in astrocytes, another mechanism by which gamma waves promote glymphatic flow is by increasing the pulsation of neighboring blood vessels. Several measurements showed stronger arterial pulsatility in mice subjected to sensory gamma stimulation compared to untreated controls.
One of the best new techniques for tracking how a condition, such as sensory gamma stimulation, affects different cell types is to sequence their RNA to track changes in how they express their genes. Using this method, Tsai and Murdock’s team saw that gamma sensory stimulation indeed promoted changes consistent with increased astrocyte AQP4 activity.
Prompted by peptides
The RNA sequencing data also revealed that upon gamma sensory stimulation a subset of neurons, called “interneurons,” experienced a notable uptick in the production of several peptides. This was not surprising in the sense that peptide release is known to be dependent on brain rhythm frequencies, but it was still notable because one peptide in particular, VIP, is associated with Alzheimer’s-fighting benefits and helps to regulate vascular cells, blood flow, and glymphatic clearance.
Seizing on this intriguing result, the team ran tests that revealed increased VIP in the brains of gamma-treated mice. The researchers also used a sensor of peptide release and observed that sensory gamma stimulation resulted in an increase in peptide release from VIP-expressing interneurons.
But did this gamma-stimulated peptide release mediate the glymphatic clearance of amyloid? To find out, the team ran another experiment: They chemically shut down the VIP neurons. When they did so, and then exposed mice to sensory gamma stimulation, they found that there was no longer an increase in arterial pulsatility and there was no more gamma-stimulated amyloid clearance.
“We think that many neuropeptides are involved,” Murdock says. Tsai added that a major new direction for the lab’s research will be determining what other peptides or other molecular factors may be driven by sensory gamma stimulation.
Tsai and Murdock add that while this paper focuses on what is likely an important mechanism — glymphatic clearance of amyloid — by which sensory gamma stimulation helps the brain, it’s probably not the only underlying mechanism that matters. The clearance effects shown in this study occurred rather rapidly, but in lab experiments and clinical studies weeks or months of chronic sensory gamma stimulation have been needed to have sustained effects on cognition.
With each new study, however, scientists learn more about how sensory stimulation of brain rhythms may help treat neurological disorders.
In addition to Tsai, Murdock, and Boyden, the paper’s other authors are Cheng-Yi Yang, Na Sun, Ping-Chieh Pao, Cristina Blanco-Duque, Martin C. Kahn, Nicolas S. Lavoie, Matheus B. Victor, Md Rezaul Islam, Fabiola Galiana, Noelle Leary, Sidney Wang, Adele Bubnys, Emily Ma, Leyla A. Akay, TaeHyun Kim, Madison Sneve, Yong Qian, Cuixin Lai, Michelle M. McCarthy, Nancy Kopell, Manolis Kellis, and Kiryl D. Piatkevich.
Support for the study came from Robert A. and Renee E. Belfer, the Halis Family Foundation, Eduardo Eurnekian, the Dolby family, Barbara J. Weedon, Henry E. Singleton, the Hubolow family, the Ko Hahn family, Carol and Gene Ludwig Family Foundation, Lester A. Gimpelson, Lawrence and Debra Hilibrand, Glenda and Donald Mattes, Kathleen and Miguel Octavio, David B. Emmes, the Marc Haas Foundation, Thomas Stocky and Avni Shah, the JPB Foundation, the Picower Institute, and the National Institutes of Health.
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sarkywoman · 2 years
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Indy 100
15 of 23 monkeys who have been planted with Elon Musk's Neuralink chip have reportedly died
Elon Musk’s neurotechnology company Neuralink has become the subject of a US federal complaint and lawsuit after “invasive and deadly brain experiments” were reportedly carried out on 23 monkeys – leaving 15 of them dead.
The Tesla billionaire’s firm - which aims to help paralysed individuals “by giving them the ability to control computers and mobile devices directly with their brains” – partnered with the University of California, Davis on the research, with $1.4 million allegedly given to the institution in funding.
However, the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine (PCRM) claims the university has violated the Animal Welfare Act and has complained to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). It has also filed a lawsuit ordering the release of videos and photographs of the animals, which the university is refusing to provide because they belong to Neuralink – a private company exempt from the Public Records Act.
Jeremy Beckham, research advocacy coordinator with the committee, said: “UC Davis may have handed over its publicly-funded facilities to a billionaire, but that doesn’t mean it can evade transparency requirements and violate federal animal welfare laws.” The move comes after the PCRM obtained close to 600 pages of documents about the experiments through an initial lawsuit in 2021. “The documents reveal that monkeys had their brains mutilated in shoddy experiments and were left to suffer and die,” Mr Beckham added. According to the PCRM, the macaque monkeys weren’t provided with “adequate veterinary care” when they were dying, suffering infections, “facial trauma”, seizures and “recurring infections” in parts of the brain where the chips were implanted.
Meanwhile Insider, who have viewed the complaint filed with the USDA, describe one instance where a monkey was missing fingers and toes “possibly from self-mutilation or some other unspecified trauma” as part of the research, which is understood to have been carried out from 2017 to 2020.
In a statement to The New York Post, a spokesperson for the University of California, Davis said: “We strive to provide the best possible care to animals in our charge. Animal research is strictly regulated, and UC Davis follows all applicable laws and regulations including those of the US Department of Agriculture.” They also told the outlet that they finished working with Neuralink in 2020.
It isn’t the only instance of monkeys being implanted with the company’s chip, as the organisation shared a video of a macaque named Pager playing a game of MindPong with the technology in April last year.
In December, Musk tweeted that “progress will accelerate” with Neuralink “when we have devices in humans … next year”.
Indy100 has approached Neuralink and Elon Musk for comment.
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scifigeneration · 5 years
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Brain-machine interfaces are getting better and better – and Neuralink's new brain implant pushes the pace
by Robert Gaunt and Jennifer Collinger
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Existing BMIs focus on restoring function for people with mobility or communication issues. UPMC/Pitt Health Sciences, CC BY-NC-ND
Elon Musk grabbed a lot of attention with his July 16 announcement that his company Neuralink plans to implant electrodes into the brains of people with paralysis by next year. Their first goal is to create assistive technology to help people who can’t move or are unable to communicate.
If you haven’t been paying attention, brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) that allow people to control robotic arms with their thoughts might sound like science fiction. But science and engineering efforts have already turned it into reality.
In a few research labs around the world, scientists and physicians have been implanting devices into the brains of people who have lost the ability to control their arms or hands for over a decade. In our own research group at the University of Pittsburgh, we’ve enabled people with paralyzed arms and hands to control robotic arms that allow them to grasp and move objects with relative ease. They can even experience touch-like sensations from their own hand when the robot grasps objects.
At its core, a BMI is pretty straightforward. In your brain, microscopic cells called neurons are sending signals back and forth to each other all the time. Everything you think, do and feel as you interact with the world around you is the result of the activity of these 80 billion or so neurons.
If you implant a tiny wire very close to one of these neurons, you can record the electrical activity it generates and send it to a computer. Record enough of these signals from the right area of the brain and it becomes possible to control computers, robots or anything else you might want, simply by thinking about moving. But doing this comes with tremendous technical challenges, especially if you want to record from hundreds or thousands of neurons.
What Neuralink is bringing to the table
Elon Musk founded Neuralink in 2017, aiming to address these challenges and raise the bar for implanted neural interfaces.
Perhaps the most impressive aspect of Neuralink’s system is the breadth and depth of their approach. Building a BMI is inherently interdisciplinary, requiring expertise in electrode design and microfabrication, implantable materials, surgical methods, electronics, packaging, neuroscience, algorithms, medicine, regulatory issues and more. Neuralink has created a team that spans most, if not all, of these areas.
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The size of the threads, attached to a fingertip for scale. Neuralink
With all of this expertise, Neuralink is undoubtedly moving the field forward, and improving their technology rapidly. Individually, many of the components of their system represent significant progress along predictable paths. For example, their electrodes, that they call threads, are very small and flexible; many researchers have tried to harness those properties to minimize the chance the brain’s immune response would reject the electrodes after insertion. Neuralink has also developed high-performance miniature electronics – another focus area for labs working on BMIs.
Often overlooked in academic settings, however, is how an entire system would be efficiently implanted in a brain.
Neuralink’s BMI requires brain surgery. This is because implanted electrodes that are in intimate contact with neurons will always outperform non-invasive electrodes where neurons are far away from the electrodes sitting outside the skull. So, a critical question becomes how to minimize the surgical challenges around getting the device into a brain.
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Neuralink’s ‘sewing machine’ for embedding the threads in a brain. Neuralink
Maybe the most impressive aspect of Neuralink’s announcement was that they created a 3,000-electrode neural interface where electrodes could be implanted at a rate of between 30 and 200 per minute. Each thread of electrodes is implanted by a sophisticated surgical robot that essentially acts like a sewing machine. This all happens while specifically avoiding blood vessels that blanket the surface of the brain. The robotics and imaging that enable this feat, with tight integration to the entire device, is striking.
Neuralink has thought through the challenge of developing a clinically viable BMI from beginning to end in a way that few groups have done, though they acknowledge that many challenges remain as they work towards getting this technology into human patients in the clinic.
Figuring out what more electrodes gets you
The quest for implantable devices with thousands of electrodes is not only the domain of private companies. DARPA, the NIH BRAIN Initiative and international consortiums are working on neurotechnologies for recording and stimulating in the brain with goals of tens of thousands of electrodes. But what might scientists do with the information from 1,000, 3,000 or maybe even 100,000 neurons?
At some level, devices with more electrodes might not actually be necessary to have a meaningful impact in people’s lives. Effective control of computers for access and communication, of robotic limbs to grasp and move objects as well as of paralyzed muscles is already happening – in people. And it has been for a number of years.
Since the 1990s, the Utah Array, which has just 100 electrodes and is manufactured by Blackrock Microsystems, has been a critical device in neuroscience and clinical research. This electrode array is FDA-cleared for temporary neural recording. Several research groups, including our own, have implanted Utah Arrays in people that lasted multiple years.
Currently, the biggest constraints are related to connectors, electronics and system-level engineering, not the implanted electrode itself — although increasing the electrodes’ lifespan to more than five years would represent a significant advance. As those technical capabilities improve, it might turn out that the ability to accurately control computers and robots is limited more by scientists’ understanding of what the neurons are saying – that is, the neural code – than by the number of electrodes on the device.
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Brain-machine interfaces can transform brain signals into commands for robotic arms. UPMC/Pitt Health Sciences, CC BY-NC-ND
Even the most capable implanted system, and maybe the most capable devices researchers can reasonably imagine, might fall short of the goal of actually augmenting skilled human performance. Nevertheless, Neuralink’s goal of creating better BMIs has the potential to improve the lives of people who can’t move or are unable to communicate. Right now, Musk’s vision of using BMIs to meld physical brains and intelligence with artificial ones is no more than a dream.
So, what does the future look like for Neuralink and other groups creating implantable BMIs? Devices with more electrodes that last longer and are connected to smaller and more powerful wireless electronics are essential. Better devices themselves, however, are insufficient. Continued public and private investment in companies and academic research labs, as well as innovative ways for these groups to work together to share technologies and data, will be necessary to truly advance scientists’ understanding of the brain and deliver on the promise of BMIs to improve people’s lives.
While researchers need to keep the future societal implications of advanced neurotechnologies in mind – there’s an essential role for ethicists and regulation – BMIs could be truly transformative as they help more people overcome limitations caused by injury or disease in the brain and body.
About The Authors:
Robert Gaunt is Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the University of Pittsburgh and Jennifer Collinger is Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at the University of Pittsburgh
This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license.
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marketsnmarkets39 · 5 years
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Facial Recognition Market 2019 Size, Share, Growth, Strategies, Trends, Analysis and Forecast to 2022
According to a new market research report "Facial Recognition Market by Component (Software Tools and Services), Technology, Use Case (Emotion Recognition, Attendance Tracking and Monitoring, Access Control, Law Enforcement), End-User, and Region - Global Forecast to 2022” ", published by MarketsandMarkets™, The global facial recognition market is expected to grow from USD 4.05 Billion in 2017 to USD 7.76 Billion by 2022, at CAGR of 13.9% from 2019 to 2022.
Facial recognition technologies are used to minimize the threats associated with terrorism and border securities. The growing need for surveillance at public places is expected to be one of the major factors that drives the growth of the facial recognition market.
Browse and in-depth TOC on “Facial Recognition Market”
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Services segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period
Due to the growing awareness among enterprises about the features of facial recognition technologies and the rising need for a more secured biometric system, the demand for facial recognition system is said to be increasing globally. Facial recognition services play a vital role in face detection and recognition, and comprise training and consulting services and cloud-based facial recognition services. Facial recognition services are offered for governments, homeland security, military, retail, and healthcare.
3D facial recognition technology segment is expected to have the largest market size by the end of the forecast period
The 3D facial recognition technology is independent of illumination, which enables it to capture high-quality images in uncontrolled environments, such as poorly lit and  or completely dark areas. The 3D facial recognition model overcomes the drawbacks of the 2D facial recognition technology. The 3D facial recognition technologies have a high potential to analyze, identify, and verify the facial characteristics of individuals. The technologies are also used in application areas, such as cross-border monitoring, document verification, and identity management.
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Asia Pacific (APAC) is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period
Factors such as huge investments from the government sector toward security and surveillance infrastructure, increased public awareness, and the emergence of sophisticated technologies backed by analytics are said to be driving the facial recognition market growth in APAC significantly. In addition, a high market growth is anticipated due to the technological advancements and mandatory regulations imposed by the government regulatory entities in the region to adopt the best-in-class technologies and standards.
The facial recognition market report encompasses the competitive landscape, which presents the positioning of the 25 key facial recognition vendors based on their product offerings and business strategies. Some of these major vendors include Aware (US), NEC Corporation (Japan), Ayonix Corp. (Japan), Cognitec Systems (Germany), KeyLemon (Switzerland), nViso (Switzerland), Herta Security (Spain), Techno Brain (Kenya), Neurotechnology (Lithuania), Daon (US), Animetrics (US), 3M Company (US), IDEMIA (France), and Gemalto (Netherlands).
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Our 850 fulltime analyst and SMEs at MarketsandMarkets™ are tracking global high growth markets following the "Growth Engagement Model – GEM". The GEM aims at proactive collaboration with the clients to identify new opportunities, identify most important customers, write "Attack, avoid and defend" strategies, identify sources of incremental revenues for both the company and its competitors. MarketsandMarkets™ now coming up with 1,500 MicroQuadrants (Positioning top players across leaders, emerging companies, innovators, strategic players) annually in high growth emerging segments. MarketsandMarkets™ is determined to benefit more than 10,000 companies this year for their revenue planning and help them take their innovations/disruptions early to the market by providing them research ahead of the curve.
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bioengine · 6 years
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Top-10 Medical Devices Companies 2018 
Medical devices industry is a crucial and fast growing arm of the life sciences industry. Medical devices companies produce a wide array of products such as diagnostics, surgical instruments, wheelchairs and cardiac devices which are used extensively in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. In recent times, many medical devices companies have made technological advancements and grown exponentially. Despite the heavy regulation and financial pressures on the industry, the market keeps increasing worldwide. The industry is currently valued at $389billion and according to Kalorama Information; the global medical device market will reach $483.8billion in 2022.
1)    MEDTRONIC
Medtronic is a global leader in medical technology, services, and solutions. With a total revenue of $29.7billion in 2017, Medtronic is the top-selling medical devices company. Medtronic medical equipment are categorised into four groups; Cardiac & Vascular group ($10,498million, 3%); Minimally Invasive therapies group ($9,919million, 4%) and Diabetes group ($1,927million, 3%).
2)    DEPUY SYNTHES
DePuy Synthes is a subsidiary company of Johnson & Johnson. DePuy Synthes produces various medical devices. Its 2017 revenue totaled $26.6billion, a 5.9% increase of its 2016 revenue. The major market drivers are the Surgery ($9,559million, 2.8%), Orthopaedic ($9,258million, -0.8%) and Vision Care segments ($4,063million, 45.9%).
3)    FRESENIUS MEDICAL CARE
Fresenius Medical care is the world largest medical device company addressing specifically Chronic Kidney Failure. The company provides products and services for dialysis and cater to the needs of over 320,000 patients worldwide. With a total revenue of $20,9billion (€17.8billion), the company has ingrained its place as a leader in the global dialysis market.
Fresenius reported a 7% increase in sales in 2017 primarily offset by high sales of dialyzers and other dialysis products and also the acquisition of Cura Day hospitals in April 2017 thus expanding the network to around 40 outpatient facilities in Australia.
4)    PHILIPS HEALTHCARE
Philips Healthcare is a medical technology subsidiary of Philips, the multinational conglomerate. Company sales rose to €17.8 billion, a nominal increase of 2%, which reflected 3% nominal growth in the Personal health (€7,310million, 3%) and Diagnosis Treatment businesses (€6,891million, 3%) and flat year-on-year sales in Connected care & Health Informatics (€3,163million, 0%).
5)    GE HEALTHCARE
This subsidiary healthcare company of General Electric delivered a strong performance in 2017 and has secured its places as the 5th largest medical devices company. Its revenue grew to $20.4billion, a 6% increase from the previous year. Revenue growth was driven by higher sales volume in the US and Europe as well as in emerging markets particularly China and the Middle East.
6)    SIEMENS HEALTHINEERS
Siemens healthineers is one of the largest health technology suppliers globally. They are focused on medical technology and software solutions. At the close of 2017, Siemens Healthineers reports a revenue of €14.2billion, a moderate increase of 2%, majorly offset by expanding growth in Latin America and Asia, Australia and further stabilization in China.
7)    CARDINAL HEALTH
Cardinal Health is an integrated multinational healthcare company that provides pharmaceuticals and medical, surgical and laboratory products for healthcare institutions. Cardinal Health has two major business segments: Pharmaceutical- that distributes branded and generic pharmaceutical, specialty pharmaceutical, and over-the-counter healthcare and consumer products –and Medical Segments- that distributes Cardinal Health branded medical, surgical and laboratory products- in the United States. The medical segment sales grew by 9% to a total of $13.5billion in 2017.
8)    STRYKER
Stryker is a US-based medical device company that specializes in Orthopaedics, Medical and Surgical (MedSurg) and Neurotechnology and Spine. The company delivered a strong performance while achieving a significant milestone of surpassing $12billion in sales. The total revenue of 2017 came to $12.4billion, a 9.9% well-balanced increase.
9)    BECTON, DICKINSON (aka BD)
Headquartered in New Jersey, USA, the business activities include the development, manufacture, and sale of a broad range of medical supplies, devices, laboratory equipment and diagnostic products used by healthcare institutions, life science researchers, clinical laboratories, the pharmaceutical industry and the general public.
In 2017, BD reported a 3.1% decrease in its revenue ($12.1billion) from the prior-year period. Sales were unfavorably impacted by the divestiture of the Respiratory solutions business.
10)    BAXTER
Wrapping things up is Baxter, an American Medical device company, with a total revenue of $10.6billion in 2017. Baxter International is a global medical device company with a broad portfolio of essential healthcare products. Its wide range of products includes but not limited to acute and chronic dialysis therapies; sterile intravenous (IV) solutions; infusion systems and devices; parenteral nutrition therapies; inhaled anesthetics; generic injectable pharmaceuticals; and surgical hemostat and sealant products. Baxter’s global net sales totaled $10.6 billion in 2017, an increase of 4% over 2016 on a reported and constant currency basis.
Source: https://www.igeahub.com/2018/08/03/top-10-medical-devices-companies-2018/
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sciencebeam1 · 2 years
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Neurofeedback, also known as Neurotherapy, is a non-pharmacological non-invasive technique in which surface electrodes record neural activity on the scalp with the data being fed back to the patient via a computerized stimuli presentation. This study shows that for the first time, regulating the connectivity between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex can lead to a sustainable and persistent intervention to control anxiety, even after neurofeedback is stopped. This study highlights the effectiveness of newer methods of neurofeedback in the treatment of psychological and psychiatric conditions by self-regulation – the goal of neurofeedback therapy. https://sciencebeam.com/ #Neuroscience #neurofeedback #electrophysiology #sciencebeam #transcranialelectricalstimulation#Brainmapping #neurophysiology #Nervoussystem #neuropathic #cognition #cognitiveneuroscience #neuroGuide #eLab #eWave #IBRO #SFN #EEG #ERP #ECG #QEEG #tdsc #tES #EMG #brain #brainmapping #neurofeedbacktraining #neurosurgery #neurotechnology #neuroscientist https://www.instagram.com/sciencebeam/p/CXGJtesMiJc/?utm_medium=tumblr
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