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E-commerce

Type of business industry usually conducted over the internet

E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the activity of electronically buying or selling of products on online services or over the Internet. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. E-commerce is in turn driven by the technological advances of the semiconductor industry, and is the largest sector of the electronics industry.

Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web for at least one part of the transaction’s life cycle although it may also use other technologies such as e-mail. Typical e-commerce transactions include the purchase of online books (such as Amazon) and music purchases (music download in the form of digital distribution such as iTunes Store), and to a less extent, customized/personalized online liquor store inventory services.[1] There are three areas of e-commerce: online retailing, electronic markets, and online auctions. E-commerce is supported by electronic business.[2]

E-commerce businesses may also employ some or all of the followings:

Online shopping for retail sales direct to consumers via Web sites and mobile apps, and conversational commerce via live chat, chatbots, and voice assistants[3]

Providing or participating in online marketplaces, which process third-party business-to-consumer (B2C) or consumer-to-consumer (C2C) sales

Business-to-business (B2B) buying and selling;

Gathering and using demographic data through web contacts and social media

Business-to-business (B2B) electronic data interchange

Marketing to prospective and established customers by e-mail or fax (for example, with newsletters)

Engaging in pretail for launching new products and services

Online financial exchanges for currency exchanges or trading purposes.

Contents

1 Timeline

2 Business application

3 Governmental regulation

4 Forms

5 Global trends

6 Logistics

7 Impact on markets and retailers

8 Impact on supply chain management

9 Impact on employment

10 Impact on customers

11 Impact on the environment

12 Impact on traditional retail

13 Distribution channels

14 Types of digital channels

15 Recommendation

16 E-commerce during COVID-19

17 See also

18 References

19 Further reading

20 External links

Timeline

A timeline for the development of e-commerce:

1971 or 1972: The ARPANET is used to arrange a cannabis sale between students at the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, later described as “the seminal act of e-commerce” in John Markoff’s book What the Dormouse Said.[4]

1972: Mohamed M. Atalla files a patent for a secure transaction system over telecommunications networks, utilizing encryption techniques to assure telephone link security, a precursor to Internet-based e-commerce.[5]

1976: Atalla Technovation (founded by Mohamed Atalla) and Bunker Ramo Corporation (founded by George Bunker and Simon Ramo) introduce products designed for secure online transaction processing, intended for financial institutions.[6]

1979: Michael Aldrich demonstrates the first online shopping system.[7]

1981: Thomson Holidays UK is the first business-to-business (B2B) online shopping system to be installed.[8]

1982: Minitel was introduced nationwide in France by France Télécom and used for online ordering.

1983: California State Assembly holds first hearing on “electronic commerce” in Volcano, California.[9] Testifying are CPUC, MCI Mail, Prodigy, CompuServe, Volcano Telephone, and Pacific Telesis. (Not permitted to testify is Quantum Technology, later to become AOL.)

1984: Gateshead SIS/Tesco is first B2C online shopping system[10] and Mrs Snowball, 72, is the first online home shopper[11]

1984: In April 1984, CompuServe launches the Electronic Mall in the US and Canada. It is the first comprehensive electronic commerce service.[12]

1989: In May 1989, Sequoia Data Corp. Introduced Compumarket, the first internet based system for e-commerce. Sellers and buyers could post items for sale and buyers could search the database and make purchases with a credit card.

1990: Tim Berners-Lee writes the first web browser, WorldWideWeb, using a NeXT computer.[13]

1992: Book Stacks Unlimited in Cleveland opens a commercial sales website (https://bit.ly/39Odx7r) selling books online with credit card processing.

1993: Paget Press releases edition No. 3[14] of the first[15][16] app store, The Electronic AppWrapper[17]

1994: Netscape releases the Navigator browser in October under the code name Mozilla. Netscape 1.0 is introduced in late 1994 with SSL encryption that made transactions secure.

1994: Ipswitch IMail Server becomes the first software available online for sale and immediate download via a partnership between Ipswitch, Inc. and OpenMarket.

1994: “Ten Summoner’s Tales” by Sting becomes the first secure online purchase through NetMarket.[18]

1995: The US National Science Foundation lifts its former strict prohibition of commercial enterprise on the Internet.[19]

1995: Thursday 27 April 1995, the purchase of a book by Paul Stanfield, Product Manager for CompuServe UK, from W H Smith’s shop within CompuServe’s UK Shopping Centre is the UK’s first national online shopping service secure transaction. The shopping service at launch featured W H Smith, Tesco, Virgin Megastores/Our Price, Great Universal Stores (GUS), Interflora, Dixons Retail, Past Times, PC World (retailer) and Innovations.

1995: Amazon.com is launched by Jeff Bezos.

1995: eBay is founded by computer programmer Pierre Omidyar as AuctionWeb. It is the first online auction site supporting person-to-person transactions.[20]

1995: The first commercial-free 24-hour, internet-only radio stations, Radio HK and NetRadio start broadcasting.

1996: The use of Excalibur BBS with replicated “Storefronts” was an early implementation of electronic commerce started by a group of SysOps in Australia and replicated to global partner sites.

1998: Electronic postal stamps can be purchased and downloaded for printing from the Web.[21]

1999: Alibaba Group is established in China. Business.com sold for US$7.5 million to eCompanies, which was purchased in 1997 for US$149,000. The peer-to-peer filesharing software Napster launches. ATG Stores launches to sell decorative items for the home online.

1999: Global e-commerce reaches $150 billion[22]

2000: The dot-com bust.

2001: eBay has the largest userbase of any e-commerce site.[20]

2001: Alibaba.com achieved profitability in December 2001.

2002: eBay acquires PayPal for $1.5 billion.[23] Niche retail companies Wayfair and NetShops are founded with the concept of selling products through several targeted domains, rather than a central portal.

2003: Amazon.com posts first yearly profit.

2004: DHgate.com, China’s first online B2B transaction platform, is established, forcing other B2B sites to move away from the “yellow pages” model.[24]

2007: Business.com acquired by R.H. Donnelley for $345 million.[25]

2014: US e-commerce and Online Retail sales projected to reach $294 billion, an increase of 12 percent over 2013 and 9% of all retail sales.[26] Alibaba Group has the largest Initial public offering ever, worth $25 billion.

2015: Amazon.com accounts for more than half of all e-commerce growth,[27] selling almost 500 Million SKU’s in the US.

2017: Retail e-commerce sales across the world reaches $2.304 trillion, which was a 24.8 percent increase than previous year.[28]

2017: Global e-commerce transactions generate $29.267 trillion, including $25.516 trillion for business-to-business (B2B) transactions and $3.851 trillion for business-to-consumer (B2C) sales.[29]

Business application

An example of an older generation of avatar-style automated online assistant on a merchandising website.

Some common applications related to electronic commerce are:

B2B e-commerce (business-to-business)

B2C e-commerce (business-to-consumer)

Conversational commerce: e-commerce via chat

Digital Wallet

Document automation in supply chain and logistics

Electronic tickets

Enterprise content management

Group buying

Instant messaging

Internet security

Online auction

Online banking

Online office suites

Online shopping and order tracking

Online transaction processing

Pretail

Print on demand

Shopping cart software

Social networking

Teleconference

Usenet newsgroup

Virtual assistant

Domestic and international payment systems

Governmental regulation

In the United States, certain electronic commerce activities are regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). These activities include the use of commercial e-mails, online advertising and consumer privacy. The CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 establishes national standards for direct marketing over e-mail. The Federal Trade Commission Act regulates all forms of advertising, including online advertising, and states that advertising must be truthful and non-deceptive.[30] Using its authority under Section 5 of the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair or deceptive practices, the FTC has brought a number of cases to enforce the promises in corporate privacy statements, including promises about the security of consumers’ personal information.[31] As a result, any corporate privacy policy related to e-commerce activity may be subject to enforcement by the FTC.

The Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008, which came into law in 2008, amends the Controlled Substances Act to address online pharmacies.[32]

Conflict of laws in cyberspace is a major hurdle for harmonization of legal framework for e-commerce around the world. In order to give a uniformity to e-commerce law around the world, many countries adopted the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996).[33]

Internationally there is the International Consumer Protection and Enforcement Network (ICPEN), which was formed in 1991 from an informal network of government customer fair trade organisations. The purpose was stated as being to find ways of co-operating on tackling consumer problems connected with cross-border transactions in both goods and services, and to help ensure exchanges of information among the participants for mutual benefit and understanding. From this came Econsumer.gov, an ICPEN initiative since April 2001. It is a portal to report complaints about online and related transactions with foreign companies.

There is also Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was established in 1989 with the vision of achieving stability, security and prosperity for the region through free and open trade and investment. APEC has an Electronic Commerce Steering Group as well as working on common privacy regulations throughout the APEC region.

In Australia, Trade is covered under Australian Treasury Guidelines for electronic commerce and the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission[34] regulates and offers advice on how to deal with businesses online,[35] and offers specific advice on what happens if things go wrong.[36]

In the United Kingdom, The Financial Services Authority (FSA)[37] was formerly the regulating authority for most aspects of the EU’s Payment Services Directive (PSD), until its replacement in 2013 by the Prudential Regulation Authority and the Financial Conduct Authority.[38] The UK implemented the PSD through the Payment Services Regulations 2009 (PSRs), which came into effect on 1 November 2009. The PSR affects firms providing payment services and their customers. These firms include banks, non-bank credit card issuers and non-bank merchant acquirers, e-money issuers, etc. The PSRs created a new class of regulated firms known as payment institutions (PIs), who are subject to prudential requirements. Article 87 of the PSD requires the European Commission to report on the implementation and impact of the PSD by 1 November 2012.[39]

In India, the Information Technology Act 2000 governs the basic applicability of e-commerce.

In China, the Telecommunications Regulations of the People’s Republic of China (promulgated on 25 September 2000), stipulated the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) as the government department regulating all telecommunications related activities, including electronic commerce.[40] On the same day, The Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services released, is the first administrative regulation to address profit-generating activities conducted through the Internet, and lay the foundation for future regulations governing e-commerce in China.[41] On 28 August 2004, the eleventh session of the tenth NPC Standing Committee adopted The Electronic Signature Law, which regulates data message, electronic signature authentication and legal liability issues. It is considered the first law in China’s e-commerce legislation. It was a milestone in the course of improving China’s electronic commerce legislation, and also marks the entering of China’s rapid development stage for electronic commerce legislation.[42]

Forms

Contemporary electronic commerce can be classified into two categories. The first category is business based on types of goods sold (involves everything from ordering “digital” content for immediate online consumption, to ordering conventional goods and services, to “meta” services to facilitate other types of electronic commerce). The second category is based on the nature of the participant (B2B, B2C, C2B and C2C);[43]

On the institutional level, big corporations and financial institutions use the internet to exchange financial data to facilitate domestic and international business. Data integrity and security are pressing issues for electronic commerce.

Aside from traditional e-commerce, the terms m-Commerce (mobile commerce) as well (around 2013) t-Commerce[44] have also been used.

Global trends

In 2010, the United Kingdom had the highest per capita e-commerce spending in the world.[45] As of 2013, the Czech Republic was the European country where e-commerce delivers the biggest contribution to the enterprises´ total revenue. Almost a quarter (24%) of the country’s total turnover is generated via the online channel.[46]

Among emerging economies, China’s e-commerce presence continues to expand every year. With 668 million Internet users, China’s online shopping sales reached $253 billion in the first half of 2015, accounting for 10% of total Chinese consumer retail sales in that period.[47] The Chinese retailers have been able to help consumers feel more comfortable shopping online.[48] e-commerce transactions between China and other countries increased 32% to 2.3 trillion yuan ($375.8 billion) in 2012 and accounted for 9.6% of China’s total international trade.[49] In 2013, Alibaba had an e-commerce market share of 80% in China.[50] In 2014, there were 600 million Internet users in China (twice as many as in the US), making it the world’s biggest online market.[51] China is also the largest e-commerce market in the world by value of sales, with an estimated US$899 billion in 2016.[52]

Recent research clearly indicates that electronic commerce, commonly referred to as e-commerce, presently shapes the manner in which people shop for products. The GCC countries have a rapidly growing market and are characterized by a population that becomes wealthier (Yuldashev). As such, retailers have launched Arabic-language websites as a means to target this population. Secondly, there are predictions of increased mobile purchases and an expanding internet audience (Yuldashev). The growth and development of the two aspects make the GCC countries to become larger players in the electronic commerce market with time progress. Specifically, research shows that e-commerce market is expected to grow to over $20 billion by the year 2020 among these GCC countries (Yuldashev). The e-commerce market has also gained much popularity among the western countries, and in particular Europe and the U.S. These countries have been highly characterized with consumer-packaged-goods (CPG) (Geisler, 34). However, trends show that there are future signs of a reverse. Similar to the GCC countries, there has been increased purchase of goods and services in online channels rather than offline channels. Activist investors are trying hard to consolidate and slash their overall cost and the governments in western countries continue to impose more regulation on CPG manufacturers (Geisler, 36). In these senses, CPG investors are being forced to adapt e-commerce as it is effective as a well as a means for them to thrive.

In 2013, Brazil’s e-commerce was growing quickly with retail e-commerce sales expected to grow at a double-digit pace through 2014. By 2016, eMarketer expected retail e-commerce sales in Brazil to reach $17.3 billion.[53] India has an Internet user base of about 460 million as of December 2017.[54] Despite being third largest user base in world, the penetration of Internet is low compared to markets like the United States, United Kingdom or France but is growing at a much faster rate, adding around 6 million new entrants every month.[citation needed] In India, cash on delivery is the most preferred payment method, accumulating 75% of the e-retail activities.[55][citation needed] The India retail market is expected to rise from 2.5% in 2016 to 5% in 2020.[56]

The future trends in the GCC countries will be similar with that of the western countries. Despite the forces that push business to adapt e-commerce as a means to sell goods and products, the manner in which customers make purchases is similar in countries from these two regions. For instance, there has been an increased usage of smartphones which comes in conjunction with an increase in the overall internet audience from the regions. Yuldashev writes that consumers are scaling up to more modern technology that allows for mobile marketing. However, the percentage of smartphone and internet users who make online purchases is expected to vary in the first few years. It will be independent on the willingness of the people to adopt this new trend (The Statistics Portal). For example, UAE has the greatest smartphone penetration of 73.8 percent and has 91.9 percent of its population has access to the internet. On the other hand, smartphone penetration in Europe has been reported to be at 64.7 percent (The Statistics Portal). Regardless, the disparity in percentage between these regions is expected to level out in future because e-commerce technology is expected to grow allowing for more users. The e-commerce business within these two regions will result in a competition. Government bodies at country level will enhance their measures and strategies to ensure sustainability and consumer protection (Krings, et al.). These increased measures will raise the environmental and social standards in the countries, factors that will determine the success of e-commerce market in these countries. For example, an adoption of tough sanctions will make it difficult for companies to enter the e-commerce market while lenient sanctions will allow ease of companies. As such, the future trends between GCC countries and the Western countries will be independent of these sanctions (Krings, et al.). These countries need to make rational conclusions in coming up with effective sanctions.

The rate of growth of the number of internet users in the Arab countries has been rapid – 13.1% in 2015. A significant portion of the e-commerce market in the Middle East comprises people in the 30–34 year age group. Egypt has the largest number of internet users in the region, followed by Saudi Arabia and Morocco; these constitute 3/4th of the region’s share. Yet, internet penetration is low: 35% in Egypt and 65% in Saudi Arabia.[57]

E-commerce has become an important tool for small and large businesses worldwide, not only to sell to customers, but also to engage them.[58][59]

In 2012, e-commerce sales topped $1 trillion for the first time in history.[60]

Mobile devices are playing an increasing role in the mix of e-commerce, this is also commonly called mobile commerce, or m-commerce. In 2014, one estimate saw purchases made on mobile devices making up 25% of the market by 2017.[61]

For traditional businesses, one research stated that information technology and cross-border e-commerce is a good opportunity for the rapid development and growth of enterprises. Many companies have invested enormous volume of investment in mobile applications. The DeLone and McLean Model stated that three perspectives contribute to a successful e-business: information system quality, service quality and users’ satisfaction.[62] There is no limit of time and space, there are more opportunities to reach out to customers around the world, and to cut down unnecessary intermediate links, thereby reducing the cost price, and can benefit from one on one large customer data analysis, to achieve a high degree of personal customization strategic plan, in order to fully enhance the core competitiveness of the products in company.[63]

Modern 3D graphics technologies, such as Facebook 3D Posts, are considered by some social media marketers and advertisers as a preferable way to promote consumer goods than static photos, and some brands like Sony are already paving the way for augmented reality commerce. Wayfair now lets you inspect a 3D version of its furniture in a home setting before buying.[64]

Logistics

Logistics in e-commerce mainly concerns fulfillment. Online markets and retailers have to find the best possible way to fill orders and deliver products. Small companies usually control their own logistic operation because they do not have the ability to hire an outside company. Most large companies hire a fulfillment service that takes care of a company’s logistic needs.[65]

Contrary to common misconception, there are significant barriers to entry in e-commerce.[66]

Impact on markets and retailers

Store closing flags outside a Toys R Us in New Jersey. Despite investments, the chain struggled to win market share in the age of digital commerce.

E-commerce markets are growing at noticeable rates. The online market is expected to grow by 56% in 2015–2020. In 2017, retail e-commerce sales worldwide amounted to 2.3 trillion US dollars and e-retail revenues are projected to grow to 4.88 trillion US dollars in 2021.[67] Traditional markets are only expected 2% growth during the same time. Brick and mortar retailers are struggling because of online retailer’s ability to offer lower prices and higher efficiency. Many larger retailers are able to maintain a presence offline and online by linking physical and online offerings.[68][69]

E-commerce allows customers to overcome geographical barriers and allows them to purchase products anytime and from anywhere. Online and traditional markets have different strategies for conducting business. Traditional retailers offer fewer assortment of products because of shelf space where, online retailers often hold no inventory but send customer orders directly to the manufacture. The pricing strategies are also different for traditional and online retailers. Traditional retailers base their prices on store traffic and the cost to keep inventory. Online retailers base prices on the speed of delivery.

There are two ways for marketers to conduct business through e-commerce: fully online or online along with a brick and mortar store. Online marketers can offer lower prices, greater product selection, and high efficiency rates. Many customers prefer online markets if the products can be delivered quickly at relatively low price. However, online retailers cannot offer the physical experience that traditional retailers can. It can be difficult to judge the quality of a product without the physical experience, which may cause customers to experience product or seller uncertainty. Another issue regarding the online market is concerns about the security of online transactions. Many customers remain loyal to well-known retailers because of this issue.[70][71]

Security is a primary problem for e-commerce in developed and developing countries. E-commerce security is protecting business’ websites and customers from unauthorized access, use, alteration, or destruction. The type of threats include: malicious codes, unwanted programs (ad ware, spyware), phishing, hacking, and cyber vandalism. E-commerce websites use different tools to avert security threats. These tools include firewalls, encryption software, digital certificates, and passwords.[citation needed]

Impact on supply chain management

Main article: Supply chain management

For a long time, companies had been troubled by the gap between the benefits which supply chain technology has and the solutions to deliver those benefits. However, the emergence of e-commerce has provided a more practical and effective way of delivering the benefits of the new supply chain technologies.[72]

E-commerce has the capability to integrate all inter-company and intra-company functions, meaning that the three flows (physical flow, financial flow and information flow) of the supply chain could be also affected by e-commerce. The affections on physical flows improved the way of product and inventory movement level for companies. For the information flows, e-commerce optimised the capacity of information processing than companies used to have, and for the financial flows, e-commerce allows companies to have more efficient payment and settlement solutions.[72]

In addition, e-commerce has a more sophisticated level of impact on supply chains: Firstly, the performance gap will be eliminated since companies can identify gaps between different levels of supply chains by electronic means of solutions; Secondly, as a result of e-commerce emergence, new capabilities such implementing ERP systems, like SAP ERP, Xero, or Megaventory, have helped companies to manage operations with customers and suppliers. Yet these new capabilities are still not fully exploited. Thirdly, technology companies would keep investing on new e-commerce software solutions as they are expecting investment return. Fourthly, e-commerce would help to solve many aspects of issues that companies may feel difficult to cope with, such as political barriers or cross-country changes. Finally, e-commerce provides companies a more efficient and effective way to collaborate with each other within the supply chain.[72]

Impact on employment

E-commerce helps create new job opportunities due to information related services, software app and digital products. It also causes job losses. The areas with the greatest predicted job-loss are retail, postal, and travel agencies. The development of e-commerce will create jobs that require highly skilled workers to manage large amounts of information, customer demands, and production processes. In contrast, people with poor technical skills cannot enjoy the wages welfare. On the other hand, because e-commerce requires sufficient stocks that could be delivered to customers in time, the warehouse becomes an important element. Warehouse needs more staff to manage, supervise and organize, thus the condition of warehouse environment will be concerned by employees.[22]

Impact on customers

E-commerce brings convenience for customers as they do not have to leave home and only need to browse website online, especially for buying the products which are not sold in nearby shops. It could help customers buy wider range of products and save customers’ time. Consumers also gain power through online shopping. They are able to research products and compare prices among retailers. Also, online shopping often provides sales promotion or discounts code, thus it is more price effective for customers. Moreover, e-commerce provides products’ detailed information; even the in-store staff cannot offer such detailed explanation. Customers can also review and track the order history online.

E-commerce technologies cut transaction costs by allowing both manufactures and consumers to skip through the intermediaries. This is achieved through by extending the search area best price deals and by group purchase. The success of e-commerce in urban and regional levels depend on how the local firms and consumers have adopted to e-commerce.[73]

However, e-commerce lacks human interaction for customers, especially who prefer face-to-face connection. Customers are also concerned with the security of online transactions and tend to remain loyal to well-known retailers.[69] In recent years, clothing retailers such as Tommy Hilfiger have started adding Virtual Fit platforms to their e-commerce sites to reduce the risk of customers buying the wrong sized clothes, although these vary greatly in their fit for purpose.[74] When the customer regret the purchase of a product, it involves returning goods and refunding process. This process is inconvenient as customers need to pack and post the goods. If the products are expensive, large or fragile, it refers to safety issues.[68]

Impact on the environment

In 2018, E-commerce generated 1.3 million tons of container cardboard in North America, an increase from 1.1 million in 2017. Only 35 percent of North American cardboard manufacturing capacity is from recycled content. The recycling rate in Europe is 80 percent and Asia is 93 percent. Amazon, the largest user of boxes, has a strategy to cut back on packing material and has reduced packaging material used by 19 percent by weight since 2016. Amazon is requiring retailers to manufacture their product packaging in a way that doesn’t require additional shipping packaging. Amazon also has an 85-person team researching ways to reduce and improve their packaging and shipping materials.[75]

Impact on traditional retail

E-commerce has been cited as a major force for the failure of major U.S. retailers in a trend frequently referred to as a “retail apocalypse.”[76] The rise of e-commerce outlets like Amazon has made it harder for traditional retailers to attract customers to their stores and forced companies to change their sales strategies. Many companies have turned to sales promotions and increased digital efforts to lure shoppers while shutting down brick-and-mortar locations.[77] The trend has forced some traditional retailers to shutter its brick and mortar operations.[78]

Distribution channels

E-commerce has grown in importance as companies have adopted pure-click and brick-and-click channel systems. We can distinguish pure-click and brick-and-click channel system adopted by companies.

Pure-click or pure-play companies are those that have launched a website without any previous existence as a firm.

Bricks-and-clicks companies are those existing companies that have added an online site for e-commerce.

Click-to-brick online retailers that later open physical locations to supplement their online efforts.[79]

Types of digital channels

E-commerce may take place on retailers’ Web sites or mobile apps, or those of e-commerce marketplaces such as on Amazon, or Tmall from AliBaba. Those channels may also be supported by conversational commerce, e.g. live chat or chatbots on Web sites. Conversational commerce may also be standalone such as live chat or chatbots on messaging apps[80] and via voice assistants.[3]

Recommendation

The contemporary e-commerce trend recommends companies to shift the traditional business model where focus on “standardized products, homogeneous market and long product life cycle” to the new business model where focus on “varied and customized products”. E-commerce requires the company to have the ability to satisfy multiple needs of different customers and provide them with wider range of products.

With more choices of products, the information of products for customers to select and meet their needs become crucial. In order to address the mass customization principle to the company, the use of recommender system is suggested. This system helps recommend the proper products to the customers and helps customers make the decision during the purchasing process. The recommender system could be operated through the top sellers on the website, the demographics of customers or the consumers’ buying behavior. However, there are 3 main ways of recommendations: recommending products to customers directly, providing detailed products’ information and showing other buyers’ opinions or critiques. It is benefit for consumer experience without physical shopping. In general, recommender system is used to contact customers online and assist finding the right products they want effectively and directly.[81]

E-commerce during COVID-19

In March 2020, global retail website traffic hit 14.3 billion visits [82] signifying an unprecedented growth of e-commerce during the lockdown of 2020. Studies show that in the US, as many as 29% of surveyed shoppers state that they will never go back to shopping in person again; in the UK, 43% of consumers state that they expect to keep on shopping the same way even after the lockdown is over. [83]

See also

Alternative payments

Comparison of free software e-commerce web application frameworks

Comparison of shopping cart software

Comparison of payment systems

Customer intelligence

Digital economy

E-commerce credit card payment system

Electronic bill payment

Electronic money

Non-store retailing

Paid content

Payments as a service

Types of e-commerce

Timeline of e-commerce

South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc.

References

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^ Wienclaw, Ruth A. (2013) “E-Commerce.” Research Starters: Business

^ a b “How to prepare your products and brand for conversational commerce”. 6 March 2018.

^ Power, Michael ‘Mike’ (19 April 2013). “Online highs are old as the net: the first e-commerce was a drugs deal”. The Guardian. London. Retrieved 17 June 2013.

^ “The Economic Impacts of NIST’s Data Encryption Standard (DES) Program”. National Institute of Standards and Technology. United States Department of Commerce. October 2001. Retrieved 21 August 2019.

^ “Four Products for On-Line Transactions Unveiled”. Computerworld. IDG Enterprise. 10 (4): 3. 26 January 1976.

^ Tkacz, Ewaryst; Kapczynski, Adrian (2009). Internet — Technical Development and Applications. Springer. p. 255. ISBN 978-3-642-05018-3. Retrieved 28 March 2011. The first pilot system was installing in Tesco in the UK (first demonstrated in 1979 by Michael Aldrich).

^ 1988 Palmer.C Using IT for competitive advantage at Thomson Holidays, Long range Planning Vol 21 No.6 p26-29, Institute of Strategic Studies Journal, London- Pergamon Press [now Elsevier.B.V.] December 1988.

^ “E Commerce – Essays – Hpandurang92”. Study mode. Retrieved 17 June 2013.

^ “Online shopping: The pensioner who pioneered a home shopping revolution”. BBC News. 16 September 2013.

^ Aldrich, Michael. “Finding Mrs Snowball”. Retrieved 8 March 2012.

^ “The Electronic Mall”. GS Brown. 30 April 2010. Archived from the original on 15 May 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.

^ “Tim Berners-Lee: WorldWideWeb, the first Web client”. W3. Retrieved 21 December 2012.

^ Geiger, Conrad. “NeXT Nugget News”. next.68k.org. Conrad Geiger. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015.

^ Tayler, Jesse (11 April 2016). “Jesse Tayler talks App Store and NeXTSTEP with AppStorey”. Retrieved 20 March 2018.

^ Griffin, Ry’mone (20 November 2018). Internet Governance. Scientific e-Resources. ISBN 978-1-83947-395-1.

^ “AppWrapper Volume 1 Issue 3 Ships” (press release).

^ “Attention Shoppers: Internet Is Open”. The New York Times. 12 August 1994.

^ Kevin, Kelly (August 2005), “We Are the Web”, Wired, 13 (8)

^ a b Bunnell, David (2001). “The eBay Business Model”. The ebay Phenomenon: Business Secrets Behind the World’s Hottest Internet Company. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 71–81. ISBN 9780471436799.

^ “First Electronic Stamps Being Put to Test”. Sunday Business. 6 April 1998. Retrieved 16 July 2013.

^ a b Teriz, N (2011). “The impact of e-commerce on international trade and employment”. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. 24: 745–753. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.09.010.

^ “eBay acquires PayPal”. Investor. eBay. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2012.

^ “Diane Wang: Rounding up the “Ant” Heroes”. Sino Foreign Management. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2011.

^ “R.H. Donnelley Acquires Business.com for $345M”. Domain Name Wire. Retrieved 4 September 2011.

^ “US eCommerce Forecast: 2013 to 2018”. Forrester Research.

^ “Amazon will account for more than half of 2015 e-commerce growth, says Macquarie”. Market Watch.

^ “Worldwide Retail and Ecommerce Sales: eMarketer’s Updated Forecast and New Mcommerce Estimates for 2016—2021 – eMarketer”. https://bit.ly/2PjjIqx. Retrieved 27 November 2018.

^ “Global e-Commerce sales surged to $29 trillion”. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. 29 March 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2019.

^ “Advertising and Marketing on the Internet: Rules of the Road”. Federal Trade Commission. Archived from the original on 26 December 2007. Retrieved 27 December 2007.

^ “Enforcing Privacy Promises: Section 5 of the FTC Act”. Federal Trade Commission.

^ “H.R. 6353: Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008”. Govtrack.

^ “UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce (1996)”. UNCITRAL. 12 June 1996. Retrieved 19 August 2014.

^ “Australian Competition and Consumer Commission”. Australian Federal Government.

^ “Dealing with Businesses Online in Australia”. Australian Federal Government. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012.

^ “What to do if thing go wrong in Australia”. Australian Federal Government. Archived from the original on 27 February 2012.

^ “FSA”. UK.

^ George Parker and Brooke Masters (16 June 2010). “Osborne abolishes FSA and boosts Bank”. Financial Times.

^ “The Payment Services Regulations 2009”. UK: Legislation. Retrieved 17 June 2013.

^ “Telecommunications Regulations of the People’s Republic of China”. 20 September 2000.

^ “Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services”. 20 September 2000.

^ “PRC, Electronic Signature Law”. 28 August 2004.

^ “Did You Know That There Are 4 Types of Ecommerce?”. The Balance. Retrieved 1 June 2017.

^ Hacon, Tom. “T-Commerce – What the tablet can do for brands and their consumers”. Governor Technology. Archived from the original on 2 May 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2013.

^ Robinson, James (28 October 2010). “UK’s internet industry worth £100bn”. The Guardian (report). London. Retrieved 21 December 2012.

^ Eurostat (18 June 2013). “Ecommerce contribution in Europe” (infographic). Retrieved 18 June 2013.

^ “Tech in Asia – Connecting Asia’s startup ecosystem”. https://bit.ly/2PfyFKg. Retrieved 4 March 2016.

^ Olsen, Robert (18 January 2010). “China’s migration to eCommerce”. Forbes.

^ Tong, Frank (16 September 2013). “China’s cross-border e-commerce tops $375 billion in 2012”. Internet Retailer.

^ Steven Millward (17 September 2014). “Here are all the must-see numbers on Alibaba ahead of record-breaking IPO”. Tech In Asia. Retrieved 17 September 2014.

^ Gracie, Carrie (8 September 2014). “Alibaba IPO: Chairman Ma’s China – BBC News”. BBC News. Retrieved 13 February 2017.

^ Millward, Steven (18 August 2016). “Asia’s ecommerce spending to hit record $1 trillion this year – but most of that is China”. Tech in Asia. Retrieved 18 August 2016.

^ “More Buyers Join Brazil’s Robust Ecommerce Market”. eMarketer.

^ “Internet usage in India – Statistics & Facts”. Statista. Retrieved 29 December 2017.

^ “Affect of demonetization on e-commerce – ResearchGate”.

^ “India’s e-commerce retail logistics growth story” (PDF).

^ “Ecommerce in the Middle East – What are the demographics?”. Retrieved 9 June 2017.

^ Eisingerich, Andreas B.; Kretschmer, Tobias (March 2008). “In E-Commerce, More is More”. Harvard Business Review. 86: 20–21.

^ Burgess, S; Sellitto, C; Karanasios, S (2009), Effective Web Presence Solutions for Small Businesses: Strategies and Successful Implementation, IGI Global

^ “Ecommerce Sales Topped $1 Trillion for First Time in 2012”. eMarketer. Retrieved 14 May 2013.

^ Enright, Allison. “Top 500 U.S. E-Retailers — U.S. e-commerce sales could top $434 billion in 2017”. Internet Retailer. Retrieved 30 May 2014.

^ Delone, W. H.; Mclean, E. R. (2004). “Measuring e-commerce success: Applying the DeLone & McLean information systems success model”. International Journal of Electronic Commerce. 9 (1): 31–47. doi:10.1080/10864415.2004.11044317.

^ Bakos, Y (2001). “The Emerging Landscape for Retail E-Commerce”. Journal of Economic Perspectives. 15 (1): 69–80. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.4.9128. doi:10.1257/jep.15.1.69.

^ Constine, Josh. “Facebook’s plan to unite AR, VR and News Feed with 3D posts”. TechCrunch. Retrieved 2 May 2018.

^ Kawa, Arkadiusz (2017). “Fulfillment Service in E-Commerce Logistics”. Logforum. 13 (4): 429–438. doi:10.17270/J.LOG.2017.4.4.

^ Economics, Tenth edition, John Sloman

^ “Retail e-commerce sales worldwide from 2014 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars)”. https://bit.ly/3cm4IBS. Retrieved 22 November 2018.

^ a b BBC News (2014). “BBC – GCSE Bitesize: Electronic money and electronic commerce”. Retrieved 11 May 2017.

^ a b Online Retail Industry Profile: United States. Datamonitor Plc. 2012. pp. 1–36.

^ Li, Zhaolin (July 2015). “Online Versus Bricks-And-Mortar Retailing: A Comparison of Price, Assortment and Delivery Time”. International Journal of Production Research. 53 (13): 3823–3835. doi:10.1080/00207543.2014.973074.

^ Dimkota, Angelika (June 2012). “On Product Uncertainty in Online Markets: Theory and Evidence” (PDF). MIS Quarterly. 36 (2): 395–A15. doi:10.2307/41703461. JSTOR 41703461. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2018.

^ a b c Delia, M. (2008). “Impact of E-Commerce in Supply Chain Management”. The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC Journal. 10 (24): 236–253.

^ Evans, Richard (2002). “E-commerce, Competitiveness and Local and Regional Governance in Greater Manchester and Mersey side: A Preliminary Assessment”. Urban Studies. 39 (5/6): 947–975. doi:10.1080/00420980220128390. JSTOR 43084757.

^ Januszkiewicz, Monika; Parker, Christopher J.; Hayes, Steven G.; Gill, Simeon (2017). Online Virtual Fit is not yet Fit for Purpose: An Analysis of Fashion e-Commerce Interfaces. 3Dbody.tech 2017. pp. 210–217. doi:10.15221/17.210. ISBN 9783033064362.

^ DePillis, Lynda (16 July 2019). “Amazon’s incredible, vanishing cardboard box”. CNN Business. Archived from the original on 16 July 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2019.

^ Barrabi, Thomas (14 July 2017). “Retail Apocalypse: These big retailers closing stores, filing for bankruptcy”. FOXBusiness. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

^ “Store Closures, Failures Continue to Mount as Retailers Seek to Pivot Faster”. Multichannel Merchant. 11 March 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

^ “The retail apocalypse is shutting down flagship stores”. usatoday.com. Retrieved 12 August 2019.

^ “Click-to-Brick: Why Online Retailers Want Stores in Real Life”. Business week. 10 July 2013. Retrieved 30 May 2014.

^ Taylor, Glenn. “Retail’s Big Opportunity: 87% Of U.S. Consumers Grasp The Power Of Conversational Commerce – Retail TouchPoints”.

^ Schafer, J. Ben; Konstan, Joseph A.; Riedl, John (1 January 2001). Kohavi, Ron; Provost, Foster (eds.). Applications of Data Mining to Electronic Commerce. Springer US. pp. 115–153. doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1627-9_6. ISBN 9781461356486.

^ https://bit.ly/31ai14l

^ https://bit.ly/30oUTjv

Further reading

.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{list-style-type:none;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>dl>dd{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-100{font-size:100%}

Laudon, Kenneth C.; Guercio Traver, Carol (2014). E-commerce. business. technology. society. 10th edition. Pearson. ISBN 978-013-302444-9.

Chaudhury, Abijit; Kuilboer, Jean-Pierre (2002). e-Business and e-Commerce Infrastructure. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-247875-4.

Frieden, Jonathan D.; Roche, Sean Patrick (19 December 2006). “E-Commerce: Legal Issues of the Online Retailer in Virginia” (PDF). Richmond Journal of Law and Technology. 13 (2).

Graham, Mark (2008). “Warped Geographies of Development: The Internet and Theories of Economic Development” (PDF). Geography Compass. 2 (3): 771. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2008.00093.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2008.

Humeau, Philippe; Jung, Matthieu (21 June 2013). In depth benchmark of 12 ecommerce solutions (PDF).

Kessler, M (22 December 2003), “More shoppers proceed to checkout online”, USA today, retrieved 13 January 2004.

Lowry, Paul Benjamin; Wells, Taylor; Moody, Gregory D.; Humpherys, Sean; and Kettles, Degan (2006). “Online payment gateways used to facilitate e-commerce transactions and improve risk management,” Communications of the Association for Information Systems, vol. 17(6), pp. 1–48 (https://bit.ly/31ai4x3).

Kotler, Philip (2009). Marketing Management. Pearson: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-81-317-1683-0.

Miller, Roger (2002). The Legal and E-Commerce Environment Today (hardcover ed.). Thomson Learning. ISBN 978-0-324-06188-8. 741 pp.

Nissanoff, Daniel (2006). FutureShop: How the New Auction Culture Will Revolutionize the Way We Buy, Sell and Get the Things We Really Want (hardcover ed.). The Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-077-9. 246 pp.

Seybold, Pat (2001). Customers.com. Crown Business Books (Random House). ISBN 978-0-609-60772-5.

External links

E-commerceat Wikipedia’s sister projects

Definitions from Wiktionary

Media from Wikimedia Commons

News from Wikinews

Textbooks from Wikibooks

Resources from Wikiversity

Data from Wikidata

Small Business E-Commerce Resources, US: SBA

source http://wikimakemoney.com/2020/08/03/e-commerce/

[ecompaniesusa]

The Single Most Important Principle for Any Entrepreneur to Understand

Entrepreneurs are ambitious and excited people.

They have a brilliant ability to imagine a bigger and better reality. They can envision the future and set brilliant goals to pursue that future.

The problem for most entrepreneurs isn’t their ability to come up with a bigger future or to envision.

The problem is that once they see that bigger and better future, they then ask themselves the wrong question.

They ask themselves: “How do I accomplish this?”

This is the WORST question an entrepreneur can ask themselves. 

This question leads to a great deal of pain, frustration, and ultimately, procrastination.

Rather than asking yourself “How?”, you should ask yourself “Who?”

This is the insight that Dan Sullivan, the founder of Strategic Coach, got after coaching over 30,000 successful entrepreneurs.

When you begin asking, “Who can help me accomplish this?” then you stop trying to do everything yourself. You stop procrastinating and you stop spending large amounts of time in your head. Dan calls this “dread time”– or the time you spend dreading to do the work you don’t want to do or don’t know how to do.

Remove the dread time and starting WHO’ing your way to all of your dreams.

The better you can get at asking, “Who?” and then getting smart and intelligent people to help execute your goals, the more successful you can become.

As Dan is known for saying, “Millionaires ask ‘how?’ while Billionaires ask ‘Who?'”

He would know. He’s coached more successful entrepreneurs than anyone alive. 

Applying “WhoNotHow” As An Entrepreneur For Mind-Blowing Results

I recently had experience applying this principle.

I was organizing and running a mastermind group. But I’d never done that before. I didn’t even know where to start.

So I spent a few months procrastinating. There was a lot of dread time and very little progress made.

So I decided to apply what Dan calls, WhoNotHow!

Jon Berghoff became my “Who.” Jon is the founder of Flourishing Leadership Institute, and creator of Xchange, an approach to creating exponential outcomes, through choreographing conversations that unlock group genius.   

Xchange is the go-to approach for industry-leading companies like Sensi, BMW, Facebook, Vitamix, Nike, and has also been relied upon by leading peer-to-peer learning organizations / mastermind groups, like Vistage, Keller Williams, Gobundance, Quantum Leap Mastermind, and Front Row Dads,  Additionally, over 250 forward thinking coaches and consultants, representing 21 countries, have now been trained and certified in the XChange approach.  

The companies and leaders who leverage Xchange are considered to be at the forefront of an evolutionary leap, in how human beings lead and learn. Central to their philosophy is that “command-and-control” approaches to leadership are broken and ineffective. Rather than answers known by only a few at the top, Xchange emphasizes questions targeted toward as many minds as possible– what they call collective intelligence or group genius. 

The problem is, most people don’t know how to do it.  Neither did I, until I got 60 minutes with Jon. 

Jon helped me organize my mastermind event with their methods in less than an hour. This is something that would have taken me dozens of hours, and there’s no way I would have created something as powerful, simple, and clear as what Jon helped me create.

Jon and his team of researchers, consultants, and behavioral scientists have spent tens of thousands of hours honing the Xchange method. He can look at any situation in which a group of people is trying to shape their future, solve a complex and shared problem, or dramatically multiply the learning across a mastermind group like the one I was trying to organize, and INSTANTLY see multiple pathways for unlocking group genius – fast, naturally, and consistently.

And with his experience, that’s exactly what he did for me. 

Expertise is powerful, and if you want to be very successful, you need to leverage experts in your network. You need to stop asking “How do I do this?” and start asking, “Who is the best in the world at this?”

According to Kevin Harrington, the reason most people fail is that they hire people who aren’t smarter than them. The smartest people in the world are those who hire people smarter than them! If you want to be the best team, then you get the best players. If you want to be average, then get average players.

It’s all in your mindset. 

A Fundamentally Different Approach To “Leading” and “Learning”

Unsuccessful people think they must first have enough money to hire big players. What they don’t realize is that it is the key players that increase profits. You’ll never get there thinking small. Play big, create powerful incentives for everyone involved, and create something beyond what you could ever create on your own. 

This is exponential thinking, and that’s really what Xchange is all about. Exponential transformation through the unlocking of group genius, which doesn’t happen with traditional perspectives, models, and attempts at leadership.

Exponential leaders and entrepreneurs listen more than they speak. They allow the voice and insights of the group to guide the ship to a much higher and more powerful place than a single vision could ever do.  

So, not only did I want Jon’s help in organizing my event, I decided to leverage and team with his growing team of who’s. Jon connected me with Adair Cates, a stand-out in the Xchange community who has been in the leadership and personal development spaces for over ten years. Adair uses whole-person and team-focused techniques which have won her organization numerous awards. 

By combining her unique approach to helping leaders and their teams transform with the Xchange methodology, it would be obvious that Adair was a capable “WHO” to facilitate my first mastermind. 

Who-thinking accelerates progress and energy, while how-thinking creates dread-time, procrastination, and a lack of progress. How-thinking is small-minded.

To further illustrate the power of “who”… when Adair and I wanted to get support from another trained facilitator, she simply put an “ask” into the Xchange private community, and within 24 hours, had 8 qualified candidates offering to fly in and help our mastermind event.  We were honored to have Rachelle Nieman join us, who was not only trained in the Xchange approach, but knew exactly how to support the environment, and Adair’s facilitation. 

I had a few phone calls with each of them to prep for the event. These phone calls to less than 3 hours altogether, and I had complete peace of mind. They took great care of me. 

This is one of the most powerful reasons for applying WhoNotHow, you don’t have to over-stress the details. Those details are handled by the experts you’re working with.

Peace Of Mind: An Essential Yet Rare Experience For Entrepreneurs 

Peace of mind is a powerful and rare commodity in entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur tries to do too much. 

When the week of the event came, Adair and Rachelle were there to make it happen. All I needed to do was pay attention to the people who flew from all over the country to have a transformational experience. 

Adair facilitated the whole experience. She took our group through multiple experiences and it was completely seamless.  She knew exactly how to engineer psychological safety, how to choreograph powerful conversations, and ultimately unlock the highest potential of the group – individually and collectively.  

I spoke with one of the participants and asked her how the event was going. She said, “I’m so glad you have Adair here. You are the talent. You need to have people around you so that your brilliance can shine. You wouldn’t be able to do that if you were trying to take care of the logistics and facilitation.”

I’m blown away by how easy and successful the experience was.

Also, I’m blown away by everything I learned from this experience. When you learn from and work with experts, you quickly can learn what they have spent decades honing. You learn through experience rather than by theory.

Questions to Consider

How fast are you learning?

How much peace of mind do you have when trying something new?

How much dread time are you dealing with?

Are you stuck in how-mode or focused on finding the right who’s? 

US Incorporation Service for Domestic Entrepreneurs

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USA LLC Registration Form a Limited Liability Company today. 

Gain limited liability protection for yourself, and added credibility for your business. Forming a limited liability company (LLC) provides liability protection for any type of business. Starting your business as an LLC can help you protect your personal assets while adding legitimacy to your company. We’re the LLC experts – with us it’s fast, easy, affordable and done right. Ecompanies US offers fast & easy LLC Registration service for only $99 plus government fees.

https://www.ecompaniesusa.com/llc-registration/

US Incorporation Service for Foreign Companies 

Throughout the USA corporations are the most widely used legal vehicle for operating a business. A corporation has the same rights and obligations under US law as a natural person. Among other things, this means it can acquire assets, go into debt, enter into contracts, sue or be sued, and even be found guilty of committing a crime. 

To incorporate a new company in the USA., one or more persons(called “the incorporators”) may form a company by filing articles of incorporation, notice of address and notice of directors with the Corporations Division Office of the desired jurisdiction of registration. 

Ecompanies USA offers fast & easy US online incorporation and business registration services to foreign companies interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Register today your foreign company in any U.S. State, fast, easy, Online.

https://www.ecompaniesusa.com/us-incorporation-service-for-foreign-companies/

This Article first appeared in inc

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[dubaistartup]

Business Setup In Dubai Silicon Oasis Authority

DSO is an integrated free zone technology park that was established in 2004 and is wholly owned by the Government of Dubai. DSO covers an area of 7.2 million square meters and is divided into five pillars, based on industrial, commercial, education, living and residences, and public facilities.

DSO principally supports and accommodates businesses and services in the technology sector. Companies located in DSO include: Orange Business Services, Fujitsu, Schneider Electric, Western Digital, Henkel, 3W Networks, and Wavetec among many others. In 2017, companies operating out of the technology park grew from 2,120 in 2016 to 2,459 marking an increase of 16 per cent. Among the companies based in Dubai Silicon Oasis, 37% are from the Middle East and Africa, 23% are from Europe, 33% are from Asia, and 7% are American. 82% of these companies are specialized in technology while 18% focus on commercial services and other service sectors.

In 2015, DSOA established the Dubai Technology Entrepreneur Centre (DTEC), the largest technology incubation centre in the Middle East. In 2017, Dtec – the wholly owned technology incubation centre by DSOA – successfully attracted more than 813 start-ups from 70 countries marking an increase of 25% compared to 650 startups in 2016. Dtec aim is to develop young entrepreneurs in the technology, digital Islamic economy and Arabic content sectors.

The Dtec based startup companies are distributed by country, where 32% originated in the Middle East and Africa, 41% from Asia, 15% from Europe, 5% from the United States and Canada, as well as 5% from the GCC region, and 2% from Australia.

At e-Companies Dubai we take care of the entire company setup and business registration process for you from start to finish. Setting up a new company in Dubai and the UAE with us is fast and easy.

Dubai Free-Zone Company Registration services. We offer fast and easy company registration in Dubai South.

Our Dubai South Company Registration includes:

Revision and verification of your application. Revision and verification of your documents. Preparation of a customized business plan for your business. Preparation and filing of Pre-approval (initial application). Preparation and filing of the Registration & Licensing Applications. Preparation and filing of the Memorandum of Association. Preparation and filing of the Articles of Association. Paying of government fees on your behalf. Obtaining licenses

Request a Quote | Request more information.

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[canadastartupblog]

New Canada Company Registration & Business VISA Package for Global Entrepreneurs

New Canada Company Registration & Business VISA Package for Global Entrepreneurs

E-companies Canada is offering a new Canada company registration and Canada Visa Application package for Non-Canadian residents for only $ 5000 CAD. This new service has been created with the purpose of helping global entrepreneurs to easily register a new company in Canada and obtain a business visa for Canada with the purpose of supporting the development of their new business in Canada.

Why Canada is an ideal Business & Investment Destination?

Canada is a world leader of major industries like

Aerospace, Automotive, Petroleum, Agriculture,

Information Technology and Shipbuilding.

Lower business costs and corporate tax rates,

Ready access to markets,

A highly skilled and educated workforce,

Strong public support for R&D and stable,

Robust financial institutions

Canada is one of the most ideal business and investment destinations for worldwide investors and business people. The Canadian Government and immigration encourages people across the globe to invest and contribute to the Canadian economy, thereby, increasing international exposure and great earning potential to the business people.

In our rapidly changing world, there is no better place than Canada to do business. Canada is a wonderful country that offers countless opportunities to entrepreneurs from all over the world. We have the lowest average overall tax rate on new business investment in the G7, the strongest economic growth of all of the G7 countries last year, the most highly educated workforce in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, and a government that is a ready and willing partner to businesses of all sizes.

Benefits of Doing Business in Canada 

An abundance of seed capital

Access to a variety of government grants and tax credits 

Access to great technical talent 

A low cost of living 

A favorable exchange rate 

An abundance of entrepreneurial talent

To incorporate a new company in Canada., one or more persons(called “the incorporators”) may form a company by filing articles of incorporation, a notice of address and notice of directors with the Corporate Registry Office of the desired jurisdiction of registration. 

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to NonCanadian Residents interested in doing business in Canada. 

At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast and easy.

Our Canada Company Registration Service Includes: 

Canada Name Search Report 

Canada Registered Agent Service 

Canada Government Fees 

Taxes 

ECompanies Service Fees 

Company ByLaws 

Company Minute Book

Our Canada Business Visa Consulting Service Includes 

Analysis of your specific case 

Advice and support in the preparation of applications 

Review of your applications to verify that they are correct and according to the requirements of the Canada immigration office. 

Advice and support in the application process

About the Canada Business Visa

What is a business visitor

You’re a business visitor if you:

come to take part in international business activities without being part of the Canadian labor market

are visiting Canada temporarily to

look for ways to grow your business

invest

advance your business relationships

Business visitors usually stay in Canada for a few days or a few weeks but are able to stay for up to 6 months.

How to show you’re a business visitor 

To qualify as a business visitor to Canada, you must show that: 

you plan to stay for less than 6 months 

you don’t plan to enter the Canadian labour market 

your main place of business and source of income and profits is outside Canada 

you have documents that support your application 

you meet Canada’s basic entry requirements because you: 

have a valid travel document, such as a passport 

have enough money for your stay and to return home 

plan to leave Canada at the end of your visit 

are not a criminal, security or health risk to Canadians

Types of activities you can conduct as a business visitor

Activities you may conduct as a business visitor include:

buying Canadian goods or services for a foreign business or government

taking orders for goods or services

going to meetings, conferences, conventions or trade fairs

giving after-sales service (managing, not doing hands-on labour)

being trained by a Canadian parent company that you work for outside Canada

training employees of a Canadian branch of a foreign company

being trained by a Canadian company that has sold you equipment or services

Request Information

At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration and Visa Application process from start to finish. Starting a new company in Canada with us is fast and easy. For more information, you can contact us by email at [email protected] or contact us using the form below:

Name *

First

Last

Email *

Comment or Message *

Submit

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[canadastartupblog]

Canadian Taxation of Non-Resident Trusts

A taxpayer’s residency will govern the extent of Canada’s jurisdiction to tax. Accordingly, as with non-resident individuals, a non-resident trust is not taxable in Canada unless it derives Canadian source income. However, in certain circumstances, a non-resident trust can become subject to Canadian tax on its worldwide income, if it is deemed to be resident in Canada.

Canada Company registration for Non-Canadian residents and foreign companies wishing to operate in Canada

With a global clientele, Canadian expertise and a strong national presence, Ecompanies Canada is an independent Canadian firm that offers international clients comprehensive industry knowledge and insights into what it takes to successfully do business in Canada.

Ecompanies Canada provides Canada corporate registry services to foreign companies and global entrepreneurs from around the world.

We Offer

Canada Company Registration Services for Non-Canadian residents

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to Non-Canadian Residents interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees:

$2200 (All Inclusive).

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report

Canada Registered Agent Service

Canada Government Fees

Taxes

Ecompanies Service Fees

Company ByLaws

Company Minute Book

Learn more: https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-for-non-canadian-residents/

  Register a foreign company in Canada

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to foreign companies interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees: $2200

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report Canada Registered Agent Service Canada Government Fees Ecompanies Service Fees Company ByLaws Company Minute Book

Learn more https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-service-foreign-companies-canada/

  Canada Registered Agent Services

Canada Registered Agent services for domestic corporations, extra-provincial corporations and foreign corporations in Canada. A registered agent acts as a registered address for corporations in the province or provinces of incorporation or extraprovincial registration. The registered agent provides a registered address for the receipt of service of government filings and acts as a local contact for government agencies. The registered agent forwards any such documents and correspondence to the corporation.

Ecompanies Canada offers Registered Agent service for companies anywhere in Canada, for only $1200 x year.

When you use our Canada registered agent services:

We become registered and records offices of your corporation

We send notice to the addresses you provided to us as your contact information if the registered office is served with court action, or any other provincial or federal government requirements.

We date stamp all notices which are delivered to the registered office.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/registered-agent-services/

  Canada Nominee Passive Services

Resident Director Services in Canada. When you’re setting up a new business or a subsidiary in Canada (Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba and Federal Corporations, Government regulations require you to appoint a resident director who lives in the province of registration. This can be challenging when you’re a foreign company or investor with a few local business contacts in Canada.

If your company has difficulties finding a resident director, Ecompanies Canada offers professional, passive nominee director services in Canada. Using Ecompanies Canada as your passive nominee director increases:

the probability of timely corporate bank account approval

employee visa approvals

specific Government licenses;

Ecompanies Canada, passive resident director appointee will neither be a corporate bank account signatory nor play an active role in our Client’s business. Ecompanies Canada officers will merely be the resident director of the company in order to fulfill the local statutory requirements.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/resident-director-services/

The post Canadian Taxation of Non-Resident Trusts appeared first on Ecompanies Canada.

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#Ecompanies Canada

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Branch Tax on any non-resident corporation carrying on business in Canada

in Canada the Canada Federal Income Tax Act ITA imposes a “branch tax” on any non-resident corporation carrying on business in Canada. This tax is meant to be a proxy for Canadian non-resident withholding tax on dividends paid by a Canadian subsidiary to its non-resident parent corporation. In the absence of the branch tax, a Canadian branch would be a tax-preferred alternative to a Canadian subsidiary because income earned through the subsidiary would be subject to both tax on business income and tax on dividends distributed to the non-resident shareholder. In contrast, income earned through the branch would be subject only to business income tax. As a result, a 25 percent branch tax would be levied on the non-resident’s Canadian source business profits subject to certain adjustments. This 25 percent rate is intended to match the 25 percent withholding tax rate under the ITA that is imposed on dividends paid to the non-resident shareholder.

Where the rate on dividends paid to a non-resident is reduced by treaty, the branch tax rate is typically correspondingly reduced. A treaty may also provide additional relief from branch tax. For example, the Canada-U.S. treaty provides that the first C$500,000 of after-tax profits is exempt from branch tax.

Canada Company registration for Non-Canadian residents and foreign companies wishing to operate in Canada

With a global clientele, Canadian expertise and a strong national presence, Ecompanies Canada is an independent Canadian firm that offers international clients comprehensive industry knowledge and insights into what it takes to successfully do business in Canada.

Ecompanies Canada provides Canada corporate registry services to foreign companies and global entrepreneurs from around the world.

We Offer

Canada Company Registration Services for Non-Canadian residents

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to Non-Canadian Residents interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees:

$2200 (All Inclusive).

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report

Canada Registered Agent Service

Canada Government Fees

Taxes

Ecompanies Service Fees

Company ByLaws

Company Minute Book

Learn more: https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-for-non-canadian-residents/

  Register a foreign company in Canada

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to foreign companies interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees: $2200

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report Canada Registered Agent Service Canada Government Fees Ecompanies Service Fees Company ByLaws Company Minute Book

Learn more https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-service-foreign-companies-canada/

  Canada Registered Agent Services

Canada Registered Agent services for domestic corporations, extra-provincial corporations and foreign corporations in Canada. A registered agent acts as a registered address for corporations in the province or provinces of incorporation or extraprovincial registration. The registered agent provides a registered address for the receipt of service of government filings and acts as a local contact for government agencies. The registered agent forwards any such documents and correspondence to the corporation.

Ecompanies Canada offers Registered Agent service for companies anywhere in Canada, for only $1200 x year.

When you use our Canada registered agent services:

We become registered and records offices of your corporation

We send notice to the addresses you provided to us as your contact information if the registered office is served with court action, or any other provincial or federal government requirements.

We date stamp all notices which are delivered to the registered office.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/registered-agent-services/

  Canada Nominee Passive Services

Resident Director Services in Canada. When you’re setting up a new business or a subsidiary in Canada (Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba and Federal Corporations, Government regulations require you to appoint a resident director who lives in the province of registration. This can be challenging when you’re a foreign company or investor with a few local business contacts in Canada.

If your company has difficulties finding a resident director, Ecompanies Canada offers professional, passive nominee director services in Canada. Using Ecompanies Canada as your passive nominee director increases:

the probability of timely corporate bank account approval

employee visa approvals

specific Government licenses;

Ecompanies Canada, passive resident director appointee will neither be a corporate bank account signatory nor play an active role in our Client’s business. Ecompanies Canada officers will merely be the resident director of the company in order to fulfill the local statutory requirements.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/resident-director-services/

  The post Branch Tax on any non-resident corporation carrying on business in Canada appeared first on Ecompanies Canada.

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Canadian tax on capital gains derived from the disposition of taxable Canadian property

Non-residents are liable for Canadian tax on capital gains derived from the disposition of “taxable Canadian property”. “Taxable Canadian property” is defined to include, among other items, real property and resource property in Canada, assets used in carrying on a business in Canada, and shares in the capital stock of certain corporations. Any disposition of such property must be reported.

Relief from taxation may be available under one of Canada’s tax treaties. The general pattern of Canada’s treaties is to restrict Canada’s jurisdiction to tax only those capital gains realized by the non-resident on the sale or transfer of immovable (real) property or natural resources property situated in Canada, or property forming part of the business property of a Canadian permanent establishment or fixed base of that business. In selected cases, shares of a Canadian company whose value is primarily attributable to Canadian immovable property or natural resources property would also be taxable. In the case of gains arising from the sale or transfer of other types of property, Canada is generally precluded by virtue of its treaties from levying tax.

Canada Company registration for Non-Canadian residents and foreign companies wishing to operate in Canada

With a global clientele, Canadian expertise and a strong national presence, Ecompanies Canada is an independent Canadian firm that offers international clients comprehensive industry knowledge and insights into what it takes to successfully do business in Canada.

Ecompanies Canada provides Canada corporate registry services to foreign companies and global entrepreneurs from around the world.

We Offer

Canada Company Registration Services for Non-Canadian residents

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to Non-Canadian Residents interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees:

$2200 (All Inclusive).

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report

Canada Registered Agent Service

Canada Government Fees

Taxes

Ecompanies Service Fees

Company ByLaws

Company Minute Book

Learn more: https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-for-non-canadian-residents/

  Register a foreign company in Canada

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to foreign companies interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees: $2200

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report Canada Registered Agent Service Canada Government Fees Ecompanies Service Fees Company ByLaws Company Minute Book

Learn more https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-service-foreign-companies-canada/

  Canada Registered Agent Services

Canada Registered Agent services for domestic corporations, extra-provincial corporations and foreign corporations in Canada. A registered agent acts as a registered address for corporations in the province or provinces of incorporation or extraprovincial registration. The registered agent provides a registered address for the receipt of service of government filings and acts as a local contact for government agencies. The registered agent forwards any such documents and correspondence to the corporation.

Ecompanies Canada offers Registered Agent service for companies anywhere in Canada, for only $1200 x year.

When you use our Canada registered agent services:

We become registered and records offices of your corporation

We send notice to the addresses you provided to us as your contact information if the registered office is served with court action, or any other provincial or federal government requirements.

We date stamp all notices which are delivered to the registered office.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/registered-agent-services/

  Canada Nominee Passive Services

Resident Director Services in Canada. When you’re setting up a new business or a subsidiary in Canada (Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba and Federal Corporations, Government regulations require you to appoint a resident director who lives in the province of registration. This can be challenging when you’re a foreign company or investor with a few local business contacts in Canada.

If your company has difficulties finding a resident director, Ecompanies Canada offers professional, passive nominee director services in Canada. Using Ecompanies Canada as your passive nominee director increases:

the probability of timely corporate bank account approval

employee visa approvals

specific Government licenses;

Ecompanies Canada, passive resident director appointee will neither be a corporate bank account signatory nor play an active role in our Client’s business. Ecompanies Canada officers will merely be the resident director of the company in order to fulfill the local statutory requirements.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/resident-director-services/

  The post Canadian tax on capital gains derived from the disposition of taxable Canadian property appeared first on Ecompanies Canada.

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#Ecompanies Canada

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Employment Income for non-Canadian residents

non-resident individuals are taxable in Canada if they are employed in Canada and their taxable income is attributable to the duties of the office or employment performed by them in Canada. Whether an individual is deemed employed in Canada depends on the location where employment services are physically performed. If a non-resident renders services to a Canadian resident remotely via telephone, the Internet or other means of communication, the services are generally not considered to be rendered in Canada. The employer’s residence is generally irrelevant to the determination of the source of employment income.

Relief from Canadian taxation of employment income may be available in certain circumstances. Under many of Canada’s tax treaties, employment income earned from services performed in Canada by a non-resident of Canada is not taxable in Canada if:

the individual who is a resident of the treaty country is present in Canada for a period or periods not exceeding 183 days in a calendar year (or any 12-month period); and

the remuneration is not deductible in computing the income under the ITA of an employer who is a Canadian resident or in computing the income attributable to a non-resident employer’s permanent establishment or a fixed base in Canada.

Canada Company registration for Non-Canadian residents and foreign companies wishing to operate in Canada

With a global clientele, Canadian expertise and a strong national presence, Ecompanies Canada is an independent Canadian firm that offers international clients comprehensive industry knowledge and insights into what it takes to successfully do business in Canada.

Ecompanies Canada provides Canada corporate registry services to foreign companies and global entrepreneurs from around the world.

We Offer

Canada Company Registration Services for Non-Canadian residents

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to Non-Canadian Residents interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees:

$2200 (All Inclusive).

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report

Canada Registered Agent Service

Canada Government Fees

Taxes

Ecompanies Service Fees

Company ByLaws

Company Minute Book

Learn more: https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-for-non-canadian-residents/

  Register a foreign company in Canada

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to foreign companies interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees: $2200

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report Canada Registered Agent Service Canada Government Fees Ecompanies Service Fees Company ByLaws Company Minute Book

Learn more https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-service-foreign-companies-canada/

  Canada Registered Agent Services

Canada Registered Agent services for domestic corporations, extra-provincial corporations and foreign corporations in Canada. A registered agent acts as a registered address for corporations in the province or provinces of incorporation or extraprovincial registration. The registered agent provides a registered address for the receipt of service of government filings and acts as a local contact for government agencies. The registered agent forwards any such documents and correspondence to the corporation.

Ecompanies Canada offers Registered Agent service for companies anywhere in Canada, for only $1200 x year.

When you use our Canada registered agent services:

We become registered and records offices of your corporation

We send notice to the addresses you provided to us as your contact information if the registered office is served with court action, or any other provincial or federal government requirements.

We date stamp all notices which are delivered to the registered office.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/registered-agent-services/

  Canada Nominee Passive Services

Resident Director Services in Canada. When you’re setting up a new business or a subsidiary in Canada (Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba and Federal Corporations, Government regulations require you to appoint a resident director who lives in the province of registration. This can be challenging when you’re a foreign company or investor with a few local business contacts in Canada.

If your company has difficulties finding a resident director, Ecompanies Canada offers professional, passive nominee director services in Canada. Using Ecompanies Canada as your passive nominee director increases:

the probability of timely corporate bank account approval

employee visa approvals

specific Government licenses;

Ecompanies Canada, passive resident director appointee will neither be a corporate bank account signatory nor play an active role in our Client’s business. Ecompanies Canada officers will merely be the resident director of the company in order to fulfill the local statutory requirements.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/resident-director-services/

  The post Employment Income for non-Canadian residents appeared first on Ecompanies Canada.

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#Ecompanies Canada

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Withholding Taxes for non-Canadian residents in Canada

Interest, rent, royalty, dividends, management or administration fees, and other specified amounts paid or credited by a Canadian resident to a non-resident person are subject to a 25 per cent non-resident withholding tax. Where the non-resident person receiving the payment is resident in a country with which Canada has a tax treaty, the withholding tax rate is usually reduced under the terms of the applicable treaty. Certain types of payments are specifically exempt from this withholding tax, including certain types of royalty payments and non-participating interest payments on arm’s-length debt.

Canada Company registration for Non-Canadian residents and foreign companies wishing to operate in Canada

With a global clientele, Canadian expertise and a strong national presence, Ecompanies Canada is an independent Canadian firm that offers international clients comprehensive industry knowledge and insights into what it takes to successfully do business in Canada.

Ecompanies Canada provides Canada corporate registry services to foreign companies and global entrepreneurs from around the world.

We Offer

Canada Company Registration Services for Non-Canadian residents

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to Non-Canadian Residents interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees:

$2200 (All Inclusive).

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report

Canada Registered Agent Service

Canada Government Fees

Taxes

Ecompanies Service Fees

Company ByLaws

Company Minute Book

Learn more: https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-for-non-canadian-residents/

  Register a foreign company in Canada

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to foreign companies interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees: $2200

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report Canada Registered Agent Service Canada Government Fees Ecompanies Service Fees Company ByLaws Company Minute Book

Learn more https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-service-foreign-companies-canada/

  Canada Registered Agent Services

Canada Registered Agent services for domestic corporations, extra-provincial corporations and foreign corporations in Canada. A registered agent acts as a registered address for corporations in the province or provinces of incorporation or extraprovincial registration. The registered agent provides a registered address for the receipt of service of government filings and acts as a local contact for government agencies. The registered agent forwards any such documents and correspondence to the corporation.

Ecompanies Canada offers Registered Agent service for companies anywhere in Canada, for only $1200 x year.

When you use our Canada registered agent services:

We become registered and records offices of your corporation

We send notice to the addresses you provided to us as your contact information if the registered office is served with court action, or any other provincial or federal government requirements.

We date stamp all notices which are delivered to the registered office.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/registered-agent-services/

  Canada Nominee Passive Services

Resident Director Services in Canada. When you’re setting up a new business or a subsidiary in Canada (Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba and Federal Corporations, Government regulations require you to appoint a resident director who lives in the province of registration. This can be challenging when you’re a foreign company or investor with a few local business contacts in Canada.

If your company has difficulties finding a resident director, Ecompanies Canada offers professional, passive nominee director services in Canada. Using Ecompanies Canada as your passive nominee director increases:

the probability of timely corporate bank account approval

employee visa approvals

specific Government licenses;

Ecompanies Canada, passive resident director appointee will neither be a corporate bank account signatory nor play an active role in our Client’s business. Ecompanies Canada officers will merely be the resident director of the company in order to fulfill the local statutory requirements.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/resident-director-services/

  The post Withholding Taxes for non-Canadian residents in Canada appeared first on Ecompanies Canada.

from Ecompanies Canada https://ift.tt/31YW9bf via ECOMPANIES CANADA

#Ecompanies Canada

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Canadian tax on a non-resident’s business income

The imposition of Canadian tax on a non-resident’s business income is typically dependent on whether the business activity is sufficient to create a taxable presence in Canada. A non-resident’s income from a business will be taxable if the non-resident “carried on a business in Canada”. The question of whether or not a business is being carried on in Canada is determined by reference to both common law doctrines and certain deeming rules. If, however, a non-resident carries on business in Canada and is resident in a country that has a tax treaty with Canada, income earned from the business is subject to tax in Canada only to the extent that the business is carried on through a “permanent establishment” in Canada. In such cases, the business profits may be taxed in Canada, but only to the extent that the profits are attributable to that permanent establishment.

Canada Company registration for Non-Canadian residents and foreign companies wishing to operate in Canada

With a global clientele, Canadian expertise and a strong national presence, Ecompanies Canada is an independent Canadian firm that offers international clients comprehensive industry knowledge and insights into what it takes to successfully do business in Canada.

Ecompanies Canada provides Canada corporate registry services to foreign companies and global entrepreneurs from around the world.

We Offer

Canada Company Registration Services for Non-Canadian residents

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to Non-Canadian Residents interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees:

$2200 (All Inclusive).

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report

Canada Registered Agent Service

Canada Government Fees

Taxes

Ecompanies Service Fees

Company ByLaws

Company Minute Book

Learn more: https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-for-non-canadian-residents/

  Register a foreign company in Canada

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to foreign companies interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees: $2200

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report Canada Registered Agent Service Canada Government Fees Ecompanies Service Fees Company ByLaws Company Minute Book

Learn more https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-service-foreign-companies-canada/

  Canada Registered Agent Services

Canada Registered Agent services for domestic corporations, extra-provincial corporations and foreign corporations in Canada. A registered agent acts as a registered address for corporations in the province or provinces of incorporation or extraprovincial registration. The registered agent provides a registered address for the receipt of service of government filings and acts as a local contact for government agencies. The registered agent forwards any such documents and correspondence to the corporation.

Ecompanies Canada offers Registered Agent service for companies anywhere in Canada, for only $1200 x year.

When you use our Canada registered agent services:

We become registered and records offices of your corporation

We send notice to the addresses you provided to us as your contact information if the registered office is served with court action, or any other provincial or federal government requirements.

We date stamp all notices which are delivered to the registered office.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/registered-agent-services/

  Canada Nominee Passive Services

Resident Director Services in Canada. When you’re setting up a new business or a subsidiary in Canada (Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba and Federal Corporations, Government regulations require you to appoint a resident director who lives in the province of registration. This can be challenging when you’re a foreign company or investor with a few local business contacts in Canada.

If your company has difficulties finding a resident director, Ecompanies Canada offers professional, passive nominee director services in Canada. Using Ecompanies Canada as your passive nominee director increases:

the probability of timely corporate bank account approval

employee visa approvals

specific Government licenses;

Ecompanies Canada, passive resident director appointee will neither be a corporate bank account signatory nor play an active role in our Client’s business. Ecompanies Canada officers will merely be the resident director of the company in order to fulfill the local statutory requirements.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/resident-director-services/

  The post Canadian tax on a non-resident’s business income appeared first on Ecompanies Canada.

from Ecompanies Canada https://ift.tt/2oqZ9hZ via ECOMPANIES CANADA

#Ecompanies Canada

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Filing and Reporting Requirements

Canadian residents are required to file an annual Canadian income tax return with the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) and to report their worldwide income. Canadian residents are also required to file information returns with respect to certain foreign property interests, as well as certain transactions with non-arm’s length non-residents or transactions with foreign trusts. Corporations must file a corporate income tax return within six months after the end of their taxation year. Non-residents responsible for calculating and paying tax under the ITA must also file a tax return with the CRA.

Non-residents may also be required to make self-assessed payments of estimated tax (including with respect to business income and employment income) under the rules applicable to resident taxpayers, unless a waiver has been obtained from the CRA (and Revenu Québec for income to be earned in the Province of Québec) to exempt the remittance of estimated tax payments.

With a global clientele, Canadian expertise and a strong national presence, Ecompanies Canada is an independent Canadian firm that offers international clients comprehensive industry knowledge and insights into what it takes to successfully do business in Canada.

Ecompanies Canada provides Canada corporate registry services to foreign companies and global entrepreneurs from around the world.

We Offer

Canada Company Registration Services for Non-Canadian residents

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to Non-Canadian Residents interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees:

$2200 (All Inclusive).

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report

Canada Registered Agent Service

Canada Government Fees

Taxes

Ecompanies Service Fees

Company ByLaws

Company Minute Book

Learn more: https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-for-non-canadian-residents/

  Register a foreign company in Canada

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to foreign companies interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees: $2200

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report Canada Registered Agent Service Canada Government Fees Ecompanies Service Fees Company ByLaws Company Minute Book

Learn more https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-service-foreign-companies-canada/

  Canada Registered Agent Services

Canada Registered Agent services for domestic corporations, extra-provincial corporations and foreign corporations in Canada. A registered agent acts as a registered address for corporations in the province or provinces of incorporation or extraprovincial registration. The registered agent provides a registered address for the receipt of service of government filings and acts as a local contact for government agencies. The registered agent forwards any such documents and correspondence to the corporation.

Ecompanies Canada offers Registered Agent service for companies anywhere in Canada, for only $1200 x year.

When you use our Canada registered agent services:

We become registered and records offices of your corporation

We send notice to the addresses you provided to us as your contact information if the registered office is served with court action, or any other provincial or federal government requirements.

We date stamp all notices which are delivered to the registered office.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/registered-agent-services/

  Canada Nominee Passive Services

Resident Director Services in Canada. When you’re setting up a new business or a subsidiary in Canada (Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba and Federal Corporations, Government regulations require you to appoint a resident director who lives in the province of registration. This can be challenging when you’re a foreign company or investor with a few local business contacts in Canada.

If your company has difficulties finding a resident director, Ecompanies Canada offers professional, passive nominee director services in Canada. Using Ecompanies Canada as your passive nominee director increases:

the probability of timely corporate bank account approval

employee visa approvals

specific Government licenses;

Ecompanies Canada, passive resident director appointee will neither be a corporate bank account signatory nor play an active role in our Client’s business. Ecompanies Canada officers will merely be the resident director of the company in order to fulfill the local statutory requirements.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/resident-director-services/

The post Filing and Reporting Requirements appeared first on Ecompanies Canada.

from Ecompanies Canada https://ift.tt/2MjTuCo via ECOMPANIES CANADA

#Ecompanies Canada

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Canada Income Tax Rates

Federal taxes on personal income are marginal, increasing with the amount of income. The federal marginal tax rates for individuals are:

15 percent on the first C$46,605 of taxable income;

20.5 percent on the next C$46,603 of taxable income;

26 percent on the next C$51,280 of taxable income;

29 percent on the next C$61,352 of taxable income; and

33 percent of taxable income in excess of C$205,843

In addition to federal income tax, provincial or territorial taxes are also assessed on income. The highest combined marginal income tax rate varies from 44.5 percent (Territory of Nunavut) to 54 percent (Nova Scotia).

The federal corporate tax rate is 15 percent. A provincial corporate tax is also imposed on general corporate income and the rate varies by province or territory. The provincial corporate tax rate ranges from 11.5 percent (Ontario and North West Territories) to 16 percent (Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island), for a combined corporate tax rate of between 26 percent and 31 percent. Preferential rates are available for all or a portion of the active business income earned in Canada by “Canadian-controlled private corporations” and, in some cases, for Canadian manufacturing and processing profits.

With a global clientele, Canadian expertise and a strong national presence, Ecompanies Canada is an independent Canadian firm that offers international clients comprehensive industry knowledge and insights into what it takes to successfully do business in Canada.

Ecompanies Canada provides Canada corporate registry services to foreign companies and global entrepreneurs from around the world.

We Offer

Canada Company Registration Services for Non-Canadian residents

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to Non-Canadian Residents interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees:

$2200 (All Inclusive).

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report

Canada Registered Agent Service

Canada Government Fees

Taxes

Ecompanies Service Fees

Company ByLaws

Company Minute Book

Learn more: https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-for-non-canadian-residents/

  Register a foreign company in Canada

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to foreign companies interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees: $2200

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report Canada Registered Agent Service Canada Government Fees Ecompanies Service Fees Company ByLaws Company Minute Book

Learn more https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-service-foreign-companies-canada/

  Canada Registered Agent Services

Canada Registered Agent services for domestic corporations, extra-provincial corporations and foreign corporations in Canada. A registered agent acts as a registered address for corporations in the province or provinces of incorporation or extraprovincial registration. The registered agent provides a registered address for the receipt of service of government filings and acts as a local contact for government agencies. The registered agent forwards any such documents and correspondence to the corporation.

Ecompanies Canada offers Registered Agent service for companies anywhere in Canada, for only $1200 x year.

When you use our Canada registered agent services:

We become registered and records offices of your corporation

We send notice to the addresses you provided to us as your contact information if the registered office is served with court action, or any other provincial or federal government requirements.

We date stamp all notices which are delivered to the registered office.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/registered-agent-services/

  Canada Nominee Passive Services

Resident Director Services in Canada. When you’re setting up a new business or a subsidiary in Canada (Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba and Federal Corporations, Government regulations require you to appoint a resident director who lives in the province of registration. This can be challenging when you’re a foreign company or investor with a few local business contacts in Canada.

If your company has difficulties finding a resident director, Ecompanies Canada offers professional, passive nominee director services in Canada. Using Ecompanies Canada as your passive nominee director increases:

the probability of timely corporate bank account approval

employee visa approvals

specific Government licenses;

Ecompanies Canada, passive resident director appointee will neither be a corporate bank account signatory nor play an active role in our Client’s business. Ecompanies Canada officers will merely be the resident director of the company in order to fulfill the local statutory requirements.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/resident-director-services/

The post Canada Income Tax Rates appeared first on Ecompanies Canada.

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#Ecompanies Canada

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Canada Tax Residency for Tax Purposes

Ascertaining an individual’s residency for Canadian income tax purposes generally involves a determination of whether the individual was “ordinarily resident” in Canada or has otherwise established significant residential ties to Canada. The ITA also deems certain persons to be resident in Canada. An individual who is physically present in Canada for a total of 183 days or longer in any year is deemed to be a resident of Canada for the entire year.

A corporation is deemed to be a resident of Canada for tax purposes if it was incorporated in Canada at any time after April 26, 1965. In addition, an entity incorporated in a foreign jurisdiction will be resident in Canada if the directors meet in Canada or if control over the corporation is exercised in Canada. If the foreign jurisdiction is a country with which Canada maintains a tax treaty, so-called “tiebreaker” rules may apply if an individual or corporation is found to be resident in more than one country; these tiebreaker rules would then assign residency to one of the countries involved.

With a global clientele, Canadian expertise and a strong national presence, Ecompanies Canada is an independent Canadian firm that offers international clients comprehensive industry knowledge and insights into what it takes to successfully do business in Canada.

Ecompanies Canada provides Canada corporate registry services to foreign companies and global entrepreneurs from around the world.

We Offer

Canada Company Registration Services for Non-Canadian residents

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to Non-Canadian Residents interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees:

$2200 (All Inclusive).

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report

Canada Registered Agent Service

Canada Government Fees

Taxes

Ecompanies Service Fees

Company ByLaws

Company Minute Book

Learn more: https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-for-non-canadian-residents/

Register a foreign company in Canada

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to foreign companies interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees: $2200

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report Canada Registered Agent Service Canada Government Fees Ecompanies Service Fees Company ByLaws Company Minute Book

Learn more https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-service-foreign-companies-canada/

Canada Registered Agent Services

Canada Registered Agent services for domestic corporations, extra-provincial corporations and foreign corporations in Canada. A registered agent acts as a registered address for corporations in the province or provinces of incorporation or extraprovincial registration. The registered agent provides a registered address for the receipt of service of government filings and acts as a local contact for government agencies. The registered agent forwards any such documents and correspondence to the corporation.

Ecompanies Canada offers Registered Agent service for companies anywhere in Canada, for only $1200 x year.

When you use our Canada registered agent services:

We become registered and records offices of your corporation

We send notice to the addresses you provided to us as your contact information if the registered office is served with court action, or any other provincial or federal government requirements.

We date stamp all notices which are delivered to the registered office.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/registered-agent-services/

Canada Nominee Passive Services

Resident Director Services in Canada. When you’re setting up a new business or a subsidiary in Canada (Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba and Federal Corporations, Government regulations require you to appoint a resident director who lives in the province of registration. This can be challenging when you’re a foreign company or investor with a few local business contacts in Canada.

If your company has difficulties finding a resident director, Ecompanies Canada offers professional, passive nominee director services in Canada. Using Ecompanies Canada as your passive nominee director increases:

the probability of timely corporate bank account approval

employee visa approvals

specific Government licenses;

Ecompanies Canada, passive resident director appointee will neither be a corporate bank account signatory nor play an active role in our Client’s business. Ecompanies Canada officers will merely be the resident director of the company in order to fulfill the local statutory requirements.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/resident-director-services/

The post Canada Tax Residency for Tax Purposes appeared first on Ecompanies Canada.

from Ecompanies Canada https://ift.tt/2Iv1Ndy via ECOMPANIES CANADA

#Ecompanies Canada

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Taxation for Canadian Corporations

Canada’s tax laws are based on residency and source. In Canada, income earned by Canadian residents and income earned by non-residents sourced in Canada are subject to Canadian income tax. Under Part I of the federal Income Tax Act ( ITA), Canadian residents are taxed on their worldwide income. In contrast, non-residents are taxed on Canadian source income, which generally includes income that arises from employment in Canada, a business carried on in Canada or the disposition of “taxable Canadian property”. Under Part XIII of the ITA, non-residents may also be subject to Canadian withholding tax on certain types of passive income, including interest, dividends, rents, and royalties.

With a global clientele, Canadian expertise and a strong national presence, Ecompanies Canada is an independent Canadian firm that offers international clients comprehensive industry knowledge and insights into what it takes to successfully do business in Canada.

Ecompanies Canada provides Canada corporate registry services to foreign companies and global entrepreneurs from around the world.

We Offer

Canada Company Registration Services for Non-Canadian residents

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to Non-Canadian Residents interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees:

$2200 (All Inclusive).

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report

Canada Registered Agent Service

Canada Government Fees

Taxes

Ecompanies Service Fees

Company ByLaws

Company Minute Book

Learn more: https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-for-non-canadian-residents/

  Register a foreign company in Canada

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to foreign companies interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees: $2200

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report Canada Registered Agent Service Canada Government Fees Ecompanies Service Fees Company ByLaws Company Minute Book

Learn more https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-service-foreign-companies-canada/

  Canada Registered Agent Services

Canada Registered Agent services for domestic corporations, extra-provincial corporations and foreign corporations in Canada. A registered agent acts as a registered address for corporations in the province or provinces of incorporation or extraprovincial registration. The registered agent provides a registered address for the receipt of service of government filings and acts as a local contact for government agencies. The registered agent forwards any such documents and correspondence to the corporation.

Ecompanies Canada offers Registered Agent service for companies anywhere in Canada, for only $1200 x year.

When you use our Canada registered agent services:

We become registered and records offices of your corporation

We send notice to the addresses you provided to us as your contact information if the registered office is served with court action, or any other provincial or federal government requirements.

We date stamp all notices which are delivered to the registered office.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/registered-agent-services/

  Canada Nominee Passive Services

Resident Director Services in Canada. When you’re setting up a new business or a subsidiary in Canada (Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba and Federal Corporations, Government regulations require you to appoint a resident director who lives in the province of registration. This can be challenging when you’re a foreign company or investor with a few local business contacts in Canada.

If your company has difficulties finding a resident director, Ecompanies Canada offers professional, passive nominee director services in Canada. Using Ecompanies Canada as your passive nominee director increases:

the probability of timely corporate bank account approval

employee visa approvals

specific Government licenses;

Ecompanies Canada, passive resident director appointee will neither be a corporate bank account signatory nor play an active role in our Client’s business. Ecompanies Canada officers will merely be the resident director of the company in order to fulfill the local statutory requirements.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/resident-director-services/

The post Taxation for Canadian Corporations appeared first on Ecompanies Canada.

from Ecompanies Canada https://ift.tt/2OrDsck via ECOMPANIES CANADA

#Ecompanies Canada

[canadastartupblog]

Canada Corporate Registry Services

Canada Corporate Registry Services

With a global clientele, Canadian expertise and a strong national presence, Ecompanies Canada is an independent Canadian firm that offers international clients comprehensive industry knowledge and insights into what it takes to successfully do business in Canada.

Ecompanies Canada provides Canada corporate registry services to foreign companies and global entrepreneurs from around the world.

We Offer

Canada Company Registration Services for Non-Canadian residents

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to Non-Canadian Residents interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees:

$2200 (All Inclusive).

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report

Canada Registered Agent Service

Canada Government Fees

Taxes

Ecompanies Service Fees

Company ByLaws

Company Minute Book

Learn more: https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-for-non-canadian-residents/

  Register a foreign company in Canada

Ecompanies Canada offers fast & easy Canada online incorporation and business registration services to foreign companies interested in doing business in Canada. At Ecompanies Canada we help you step-by-step and take care of the entire business registration process from start to finish. Incorporating a business with us is fast, easy and takes just minutes.

Canada Incorporation Service Fees: $2200

Our Service Includes:

Canada Name Search Report Canada Registered Agent Service Canada Government Fees Ecompanies Service Fees Company ByLaws Company Minute Book

Learn more https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/incorporation-service-foreign-companies-canada/

  Canada Registered Agent Services

Canada Registered Agent services for domestic corporations, extra-provincial corporations and foreign corporations in Canada. A registered agent acts as a registered address for corporations in the province or provinces of incorporation or extraprovincial registration. The registered agent provides a registered address for the receipt of service of government filings and acts as a local contact for government agencies. The registered agent forwards any such documents and correspondence to the corporation.

Ecompanies Canada offers Registered Agent service for companies anywhere in Canada, for only $1200 x year.

When you use our Canada registered agent services:

We become registered and records offices of your corporation

We send notice to the addresses you provided to us as your contact information if the registered office is served with court action, or any other provincial or federal government requirements.

We date stamp all notices which are delivered to the registered office.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/registered-agent-services/

  Canada Nominee Passive Services

Resident Director Services in Canada. When you’re setting up a new business or a subsidiary in Canada (Alberta, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Newfoundland and Labrador, Manitoba and Federal Corporations, Government regulations require you to appoint a resident director who lives in the province of registration. This can be challenging when you’re a foreign company or investor with a few local business contacts in Canada.

If your company has difficulties finding a resident director, Ecompanies Canada offers professional, passive nominee director services in Canada. Using Ecompanies Canada as your passive nominee director increases:

the probability of timely corporate bank account approval

employee visa approvals

specific Government licenses;

Ecompanies Canada, passive resident director appointee will neither be a corporate bank account signatory nor play an active role in our Client’s business. Ecompanies Canada officers will merely be the resident director of the company in order to fulfill the local statutory requirements.

Learn More https://www.ecompaniescanada.com/resident-director-services/

The post Canada Corporate Registry Services appeared first on Ecompanies Canada.

from Ecompanies Canada https://ift.tt/2oYS5cB via ECOMPANIES CANADA

#Ecompanies Canada