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Adding salt to a road before a winter storm changes when ice will form. Researchers at the Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have applied this basic concept to develop a new method of heating and cooling. The technique, which they have named “ionocaloric cooling,” is described in a paper published Dec. 23 in the journal Science.
Ionocaloric cooling takes advantage of how energy, or heat, is stored or released when a material changes phase – such as changing from solid ice to liquid water. Melting a material absorbs heat from the surroundings, while solidifying it releases heat. The ionocaloric cycle causes this phase and temperature change through the flow of ions (electrically charged atoms or molecules) which come from a salt.
Researchers hope that the method could one day provide efficient heating and cooling, which accounts for more than half of the energy used in homes, and help phase out current “vapor compression” systems, which use gases with high global warming potential as refrigerants. Ionocaloric refrigeration would eliminate the risk of such gases escaping into the atmosphere by replacing them with solid and liquid components.
“The landscape of refrigerants is an unsolved problem: No one has successfully developed an alternative solution that makes stuff cold, works efficiently, is safe, and doesn’t hurt the environment,” said Drew Lilley, a graduate research assistant at Berkeley Lab and PhD candidate at UC Berkeley who led the study. “We think the ionocaloric cycle has the potential to meet all those goals if realized appropriately.”
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Neutron experiments reveal what maintains good function in bones
Around 500 million years ago, early vertebrates in the seas became fish, adopting an inner skeleton and a flexible spine based on a nanocomposite of fibers and mineral, known as bone material. This “invention” of evolution was so successful that the basic structure was also adopted for later vertebrates that lived on land.
However, while the bones of all terrestrial vertebrates are basically equipped with bone cells (osteocytes), certain fish species continued to evolve and finally managed to create a more energy efficient material: bone lacking bone cells, found today for example in fish such as salmon, medaka or tilapia.
Samples with and without bone cells
“We asked ourselves how bone samples with and without bone cells actually differ in their microstructures and properties,” says Prof. Paul Zaslansky, who heads a research group at Charité Berlin and specializes in mineralized biomaterials including teeth and bones.
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I hate when 4chan does this...talks sense...
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Isaiah 54:17 | Explained 💜
Whatever abilities God gave you, don't use them to allow others to make you doubt your abilities. If you got kindness, don't be so kind that you believe their lies. If you got forgiveness, don't keep forgiving the wrong people who continue walking over you. If you got honesty, don't tell so much to someone who is only using your vulnerabilities against you...or...to make you seem weaker to yourself. Don't allow the world to use your love against you, or use your love as a weapon to hurt you. No weapon formed against you shall prosper when you team up with God!
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Training your brain:
Start today! Repeat positive affirmations to yourself every morning when you wake up. While you’re getting dressed or combing your hair or brushing your teeth. You can begin training your brain while you’re living your normal life. It’s like brain exercises. If you want different results, work your brain. Work it until it does and thinks and feels exactly what you want it to. Because, after all, it’s a very important part of you.
The stress of life makes it seem like you have no control over what your brain is doing, but you do. You do indeed.
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Metallurgist explains the surprising properties of aluminum
Despite being the most abundant metal on Earth, constituting over 8% of the Earth’s core mass, aluminum was only discovered in the 1820s, by Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted. This is partly explained because pure aluminum doesn’t exist in nature as it binds easily with other elements like oxygen.
Our main source of aluminum is the sedimentary rock, bauxite. As Van der Eijk explains, “It takes about four kilos of bauxite to produce one kilo of aluminum metal. After mining the bauxite ore, aluminum oxide is extracted. Then, the aluminum and oxygen are separated by an electric current passed through a molten solution of alumina and the mineral cryolite, which dissolves the oxide minerals.”
It wasn’t until towards the end of the 19th century that aluminum was produced at an industrial scale, and its properties proved invaluable. It is lightweight—about a third the weight of steel. “It is also soft and malleable, so can easily be cast or formed into many different products,” adds Van der Eijk.
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Latest breaking news: Don't pick your nose, people...it could make you forget everything.
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(via ztpr9zfkk38a1.jpg (JPEG Image, 850 × 857 pixels))
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And I am one of them…
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Did y’all know that we would’ve never had the vanilla spice if a poc guy hadn’t figured out how to pollinate the plant without the bee!
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Hydrogen-Based is the Real, Cosmic Reality!
Do you ever wonder why 75% of the known universe is Hydrogen...uninhabitable, unexplorable H Y D R O G E N ?
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So, what's up with Hydrogen?
Did you know that Hydrogen is the lightest element?
Did you know that your soul is like a bubble in cosmic terms?
And when you pass the physical constraints of this life, this carbon-based realm, this third-dimensional existence, your soul--like a bubble--rises in ascension to transcend the primitive existence of the temporal human being...perhaps? Yes!!!
#soulsnack #mindsmack 💗💙💚
Have you ever considered that HYDROGEN-BASED beings could live in all that Hydrogen that exists in a universe we can't explore--but because we are third-dimensional, carbon-based, primitive beings, with ten-percent-limited mind capacity, we can't possibly perceive it to be...?
Maybe we can't comprehend with our limited, human senses just like we can't comprehend what a black hole really is...or where it leads.
Because holes don't exist. Holes are just the name humans give to an entrance because they don't know where it leads. But all holes lead somewhere.
A hole in your head leads to your skull and brain, a hole in your jeans leads to your leg, a hole in the earth leads to dirt and water and fire...you get my drift, I'm sure!
So, we live a limited, timed life as human beings in the third-dimensional, carbon-based realm. We live in a realm that is a timed existence from the time we take our first breath of oxygen until we take our last.
We can only perceive what the third-dimensional limitations of existence allow us to perceive.
We can't perceive the fourth dimension--or what could possibly exist infinitely there--or the hydrogen-based realm that exists simultaneously with our own because we are limited and confined to the ability to perceive in the carbon-based third dimension only.
We won't be able to perceive the next dimension until we divinely travel (supernatural, cosmic transportation) to it via the passing of our physical human vessel -- or what humans call "death"...
Perhaps, the "universe"--as we see and perceive it--is NOT all the universe is.
Consider this...there are many universes called the Ever~Verses, and our universe is only one dimension and one perception, and one base out of the many.
Even if we use machines to see and technology to perceive, the machines and technology still are perceived by the human eyes, so our perception of what a machine or technology shows us will still be a limited perception according to what our limited eyes and minds allow us to see and perceive via the technology and machine.
It falls back to our limitations as carbon-based, oxygen-breathing, third-dimensional human beings indeed.
But that's not to say it's the way it will always be!
I personally believe that's what eternal life is and the gift that Jesus Christ promised us for believing the truth. He did promise ETERNAL LIFE as the gift!
The infinitely unconditional gift of eternal life for you and me!
Perhaps the event that humans have termed "death" isn't a death at all...
Seeing as, humans--by means of limited perception, logic, phonics, and communication--are most likely the ONLY SPECIES in the entire Ever~Verses to call the event of passing from the physical realm to the spiritual realm..."death"...maybe it's not what we've always thought it was or perceived it to be; considering our perception has always been limited.
So, instead of believing what we've all been taught since birth by those before us and what someone taught them (predisposition due to learned behavior via culture and heritage) maybe it's time to understand humans leading humans isn't always the wisest path, and sometimes, what we learn is what they wanted us to learn--versus what reality really is.
Perhaps, spiritual health and wellness require we question everything in the pursuit of our awakening, even our culture and heritage and the learned beliefs and behaviors we've adopted and adapted to in the process of being born and living a life in a human-built society. The constructs of our global society as a species were determined long before you or I were born. But that doesn't mean we can't awaken to the possibility of a cosmic truth now!
Human terms are limited because they were terms devised by human perception. No other being in the universe is going to refer to any aspect of existence in the terms that humans know existence...because human terms are limited to human beings on Earth.
Hence, a human calls the sun the sun, but an alien might call the sun a sizz. You feel me? Humans call our own planet Earth, and a planet--while an alien might call our planet something like Testraa and all planets "orbs" instead of planets. You feel me?
Everything we do, think, feel, and speak is limited to human perception. Human perception is limited to carbon-based, and carbon-based is limited to the third dimension. We will never understand anything beyond the base and dimension we were assigned upon our cosmic birth to this realm.
So, it falls back to the terms we give events that are unknown/unperceivable to our limited perception...because, like a black hole, we don't know where it leads.
These assigned terms (like death) that life as a human being requires of us so that we can identify and understand what is happening to us as a species--like passing from our physical vessels, what happens to our souls, and where our eternal spirits go from here--are what we live by regardless of their cosmic accuracy.
So, what if the event of passing or leaving our physical, human vessels is the beginning of our cosmic, divinely ordained spiritual upgrade...and rather than an ending, a wonderful beginning? A fresh start for our souls!
The journey of our souls! Life on Earth is only one small fragment of the greater whole.
Thy Hydrogen Theory | Written and Explained by JD Slayton 2022-2023 Š Copyright All Rights Reserved J.D. Slayton. As personally relayed to me by the Angels of Destiny.
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Disabled people deserve to fall in love. Disabled people should be able to marry without repercussions, without losing anything. It's almost 2023 and why is this still a hot take.
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People throwing rocks in glass houses
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“Before you diagnose yourself with depression or low self-esteem, first make sure you are not, in fact, just surrounded by assholes.” - Sigmund Freud
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A small PSA to all those new to dealing with the porn bots that Tumblr now has a fresh wave of – I understand that when you go to report them, you want to report them as "[containing] sexually explicit material", but don't do that. Report them as spam instead.
These are spam bots flooding tags and the website in general with spam links. They often do not have anything sexually explicit on their blog (although they often have implicit material). Plus, these two reports get very different results. Reporting explicit material gets the bot slapped behind an 18+ wall, so minors can't check if they're a bot or not. Reporting spam gets the bot taken down.
Remember, folks: when dealing with a bot, report spam, not smut!
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