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The New New? Curated Second Hand as a (Re)Construction Principle for Notre-Dame de Paris

Mini Review

In view of ever-increasing environmental and climate problems, a sustainable approach to dealing with the world’s resources is indeed being discussed, but the focus is placed primarily on the conservation of physical resources and much less on the reuse of intangible, non-reproducible cultural resources. In architecture, however, recycling cannot be reduced to atoms because both material and immaterial values are embodied within residual building mass [1]. When designing, reuse entails working and building with the past and its meaning for today. The more we understand the existing, “the less we must stand in opposition to it,” says Hermann Czech, “and the easier it will be to understand our decisions as a continuation of a whole” [2].

As a clever recycling of semiotics and both history and narratives, spoliation and assemblage are, according to our thesis, capable of expanding the principle of reuse and repurposing from the level of materiality to immaterial values, and of calling into question the understanding of an architecture of uniqueness, originality, and insularity. An intellectual game using the example of Notre-Dame de Paris creates an impetus to re-examine the used not only with an admiring or averted eye, but also with an eye for how to utilize it.

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Catastrophic Mechanism and Stability Analysis of Jiangdingya Landslide in Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, China

Abstract

On July 12, 2018, a large-scale landslide occurred in the Jiangdingya area, Nanyu Town, Gansu Province, China. According to remote sensing interpretation and field investigation, the landslide volume is about 480×104 - 550×104m3, which caused the Bailongjiang River to be blocked and the water level to rise, forming a dammed lake, flooding Nanyu Town. The landslide is characterized by chain disasters, which poses a serious threat to the ecological security of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In this paper, the catastrophic mechanism of Jiangdingya landslide is analyzed, and the stability of the slope is studied. According to the disaster characteristics, comprehensive safety control measures are put forward. The research results of this paper are of great significance to the prevention and control of chain disasters and the comprehensive treatment of slopes.

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Residential Property Development Feasibility Study – A Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?

Introduction

Property development business is considered one of the most risky corporate activities due to its cyclicality and volatility [1,2]. It involves numerous risk factors [3-5] such as such as macroeconomic, social, urban-planning, political-legal, regulatory, environmental, and technological framework conditions [6,7]. Yet property developers are either “knowingly taking risks” [8] or making decisions without sufficiently understanding and analyzing risks [9], resulting in committing to projects based on arbitrary or speculative decisions, and ultimately causing project failures and financial losses [10]. This short article reviews the three mainstream feasibility study methods and finds that the feasibility study adopted by the industry may require some further development. Especially, when the site value is determined by the residual value method, in-depth analysis is required to assess and capture the risk level associated with the future planning, construction, sales, and other key activities. An enhanced model is being developed based on artificial neural network method and empirical evidence to help developers better assess the project feasibility and site value at the time of the acquisition.

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About the Sustainability of Buildings

Opinion

According to WCEC – Brudtland Report 1987 “Sustainable development is a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising of the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs.” Sustainability is at the confluence of the three dimensions (Figure 1).

Buildings are very important industrial sector of sustainable development. The building industry represent approximately 40% of the total energy consumed. The energy used for heating and/or cooling, during the service life of a building is approximately 80% of the total energy consumed through building life cycle; 7% energy is used with row materials and contribution to energy due to demolition is 3%. According to some studies and to the paper of Y.J.GE and H.F. Xiang (IABSE Symposium Bangkok 2009) the Pyramid of Building Sustainability is presented in the Figure 2 (Figure 2).

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Operational Modal Analysis and Structure Health Monitoring

Abstract

Modal parameters are able to characterize any structure uniquely. All the structural elements and the respective boundary conditions have a direct impact in all of the modal parameters (natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes), making them suitable to detect damage along the structure. To this end, experimental identification of the modal parameters is necessary and must be conducted periodically. In the last decade, operational modal analysis has been developed to this purpose. It allows the identification of the modal parameter with the structures in operational conditions and using ambient excitation. Several improvements in the field were recently made with the computation of modal parameters uncertainties and with the automation in the identification process. Therefore, vibration-base structural health monitoring system is getting popular for critical civil structures such as bridges, high buildings and old constructions.

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Geotechnical Perspective of the Causes of Cracks in Building of University Campus (Sindh University Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan)

Abstract

Building construction throughout the world faces defects from normal to heavy and destructive like cracks and fractures which cause damages and finally collapse to heavy life losses along with economical and financial. The crack-like structures are found in walls and columns also. For the purpose of study, the international experts have classified the smallest allowable standards of these defects which may not be harmful to buildings and people living there. This research study has been carried out to investigate the main reasons to investigate the causes of cracks in newly completed and used buildings in where some distinct cracks appeared immediately and after some years. Often these cracks seem almost in walls and other structural elements such as columns and beams, with different patterns. The general methods consisting of reconnaissance survey; building inspection and laboratory testing were used to investigate the causes of these detrimental cracks. By the use of a reconnaissance survey, factors that may lead to the formation of cracks were considered and analyzed. The width, pattern, and conditions of the cracks were identified during the building inspection stage and the soil properties related to the creation of cracks were determined during the laboratory test. Based on the outcome of the study; there is no evidence of factors such as a matured system that may lead to the creation of cracks in the building; all the cracks are active cracks with their width increasing with time and the soils in the entire block of the building possessed high percentage of fine materials with high moisture content and plasticity indices. The pore water pressure in this type of soil takes a long time to vanish, which can be expressed by the very low value of the coefficient of permeability (1.90x 10-7 to 2.15 x 10-7 m/s) acquired from different soil samples collected from the study area. Hence the cracks in this type of buildings were found to be caused by the settlement of the building due to the nature of the main soil type that was found in the study area.

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SFRC Modelling and Non-Linear Analysis of Beam- Column Joint Under Cyclic Loading

Abstract

In this paper reinforced concrete beam column joint is modelled and analyzed using ABAQUS software to compare the simulated results with the experimental study. The joint is the most critical and most important part of the multi-story frames or multi-story buildings when they are subjected to earthquake loading. In this research the joint is analyzed for two different types of non-linear analysis that is non-linear static analysis and a part of non-linear dynamic analysis for the visual comparison with the experimental study.

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Project Monitoring and Early Warning of Time-Cost Overruns in Earned Value Management

Abstract

Project monitoring and control processes are crucial aspects of project management. To perform an appropriate project tracking, Earned Value Analysis (EVA) has to be implemented to help the project managers to measure project performances. A tool to monitor and control the cost, time and work done of a construction project. Furthermore, it also provides an “Early Warning” signal for immediate corrective action. Thereby, in this study, some work items related to a completed real life construction project were evaluated according to the method of Earned Value and the result implies that the analysis can be very useful in project forecasting and decision making relevant to early warnings.

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The Calculation of the Parameters of Buildings Protection from Radon

Abstract

Radon-222 and its progeny can accumulate in the lower floor premises and harm the people respiratory organs. One of the challenges for the construction industry is to provide indoor radon concentrations that are not much different from its concentrations in the outdoor air. The article proposes an approach to ensuring the buildings radon safety by the passive protective technologies. Its essence is in the determination at the design stage of the required radon protection characteristics of the building underground shell, which performs load-bearing functions and at the same time limits the radon flux from the soil air.

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Carbonation Processing and Characterization of Fly Ash-Portlandite Blends as Cement-Free Binding Agents

Abstract

Carbonation of fly ash mortars augmented with portlandite (CH) under ambient conditions to produce cement-free binding agents that sequester CO2 is discussed. Fly ash-CH blends are proportioned to produce shape-stable mixtures that can be conventionally cast or extruded. The strength and CO2 uptake are noted to strongly depend on specimen saturation. High-Ca fly ash blended with 10% CH (by mass) results in a 7-day compressive strength of more than 35 MPa when carbonated, which is ~40% higher than that of the conventionally cured mixture, and a CO2 uptake of ~8% by mass of the binder. Low-Ca fly ash blended with 30% CH results in 15 MPa strength, which is 3 times higher than that of the conventionally cured mixture, and a CO2 uptake of ~16% by mass of the binder. The proportion of initial voids that remain after carbonation or conventional curing, which scales well with compressive strength, is shown to be a convenient measure to quantify the relative efficiency of carbonation. Thermal analysis, electron micrographs and X-ray maps, and FTIR spectroscopy confirm the carbonation efficiency of the mixtures. The beneficial effects of low w/p and particle packing in extrudable mixtures towards providing increased strengths and CO2 uptake are also brought out. Overall, this study establishes the applicability (in terms of strength) of portlandite-enriched fly ashes to form binding agents with significantly lower CO2 footprint for several construction applications.

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Mobile Modular Systems of Water Treatment and Storage in Crises – Solutions used Depending on the Type of Threats

Abstract

Various methods of water purification aim to obtain such a purity class that makes it suitable for consumption are presented in the article. It is a review of solutions, ranging from methods known and used for over 100 years, through research and experiments underway, to only a concept. Some of the solutions are so effective that they should also be combined with safe storage of purified water. Flexible tanks are used for this, which significantly improve logistics and provide a supply of water in all places where it is needed. Depending on whether the lack of drinking water results from a sudden change in the situation resulting from a natural or technical disaster, or whether it is a continuous state, e.g., from prolonged drought, a drastic reduction in water quality or its lack due to permanently damaged or non-existent water supply infrastructure, each of the described cases requires the use of different solutions, which will be described in the article based on solutions applied or developed for very specific existing situations. Each of the applied solutions has its advantages and disadvantages, and the aim of this analysis is to present a concept based on existing solutions but eliminating some of their disadvantages with the maximum use of advantages.

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Value of Reservoir Operation Coordinating in Hydropower Enhancement for Roseires and Sennar Dam System in Sudan

Abstract

Increasing the economic profit from reservoir operation in a case study on Blue Nile River in Sudan is the aim of this research short communication. An already developed model that optimizes the coordinated reservoir operation is used to obtain maximum profit from energy generation in a two-reservoir system, i.e., Roseires and Sennar Dam System through the reservoir operation coordinating. An economic crop pattern mix along with two energy generation scenarios in normal year condition are analyzed. Results show that with existing facilities and reservoir operation coordination, 89.5 M$ marginal profit can be obtained, by 280 MW power capacity of Roseires and planned future 50 MW power capacity at Sennar Dam. Model later optimizes the required power capacity and power flow to determine the maximum energy generation in this system. Model shows that in such conditions power capacity of Roseires and Sennar dam can be increased by 528 MW and 568 MW, respectively, to produce 4078 GWh per year energy with 375.3 M$ marginal profit. This modeling shows that by addition of each 1 MW to the power capacity of Roseires and Sennar Dam, respectively, 442,000 $/MW and 249,000 $/MW profit can be obtained at maximum, which is also showing the value of coordination in this system.

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Vesicular Material for Reducing Expansion of Soils

Abstract

Soils with expansion problems have volumetric deformations due to changes in its humidity. There are several soil improvement techniques that consist of materials that react chemically with clay soil or materials that encapsulate the clays to isolate them from water. This work presents a physical alternative based on the use of natural vesicular materials to reduce the change in soil volume. It is concluded that the decrease in expansion of soils using natural void structures like scoria depend on its amount of void volume. This study showed that the volume corresponding to the decrease in expansion required in a soil is equivalent to approximately half of its hollow volume within the soil.

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2021 Sea level rise projections by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for Coastal Design

Introduction

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) delayed its normal six-year publication cycle of climate assessments after its Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) was published in 2013 [1] because there was an explosion of research on climate change that needed to be evaluated. IPCC’s full Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) will be published in 2022. However, in August 2021, IPCC published the portion of AR6 [2] that deals with the physical basis for climate change including sea level rise. IPCC [2] was supported by updated projections of the contributions of Antarctica [3] and Greenland (The Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-Exercise 2020) to sea level rise. IPCC [2] has been per reviewed extensively with the first draft receiving comments from 750 reviewers and the second draft from 1279 peer reviewers [4]. IPCC [1] used temperatures that were projected for 2100 based on Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) that describe different climate-scenario futures. Scenario labelling is based on possible radiative forcing values by 2100. For example, RCP1.9 and RCP8.5 are scenarios with radiative forcing values in 2100 of 1.9 and 8.5 watts/m2 respectively. Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) are the climate-scenario futures used in IPCC (2021a), but except for some minor differences relating to climate, SSPs are the same as RCPs. They were the same for sea level rise projections. Table 1 shows IPCC [2] projections to 2100 relative to sea level in 1995-2014. Projections are mean rises with parenthetical numbers representing standard deviations from the means (Table 1).

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Discussion of Fiber Bragg Grating Technology Applicability on Diagnostic Field Testing of Steel Girder Bridges

Abstract

The application of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) technology for purposes of diagnostic field testing on steel girder bridges is discussed in this paper based on the authors experience in field tests of highway bridges. The primary benefit of the FBG technology is the ability to have many sensors (strain gages) multiplexed in a single fiber optic line. In practice, the FBG system is problematic for field conditions of a typical highway bridge. In field tests, measured FBG data showed that the strain histories obtained for a load immediately above the girder of interest were accurate, but the accuracy of the strain histories decreases for adjacent girders as the transverse distance from the load increased. Moreover, protective measures are necessary for FBG systems to be utilized in highway bridge field testing.

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Deployable Dome Form Finding Using Physical and Virtual Models

Abstract 

This article describes the process of design, analysis, and manufacture of a modular, adaptable, and lightweight folding Bamboo dome. The study developed a new form-finding method with rigid scissors to simulated complex geometric forms to show rigid-bar deformation and using more uniform bars. The structure is composed of six flat semi-arches that fold through the scissor-type system reducing the size of the dome to facilitate is transport. Bamboo bars with a circular section are used as a main material for the structural arches. This research has been contextualized in the development and the form-finding process of curved surfaces with articulated bars. Félix Escrig’s projects have been utilized as the main reference, in particular, his method based on the regular polyhedron’s geometry, which allows obtaining the largest number of similar pieces. For this case study, a new approach to the regular polygon method is applied in the design process. The new methodology allows easy definition of the main characteristics of the bars: length and position of the joints; as well as achieving equal and modular pieces. The case study incorporates analysis and simulation graphics in two dimensions of the semi-arch type elements on its final stage of deployment. This graphical method of analysis allows finding the adequate deformation based on the self-weight of the structure and in this way to define the ideal position for the opening of the semi-arch that matches the initial geometry established to form a stable arc. The fabrication process explains the design strategies employed to select the connection mechanisms between the bamboo bars that will ensure correct structural behavior and functionality of the dome. The resulting prototype aims to demonstrate the potential of bamboo bars within deployable structures to generate innovative and sustainable solutions for temporary buildings.

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Current Trends in Civil & Structural Engineering Wishing you Happy Thanksgiving!

Wish you a very happy and blessed Thanksgiving! Wishing you the gift of faith and the blessing of hope this Thanksgiving Day! We gather on this day to be thankful for what we have, for the family we love, the friends we cherish, and for the blessings that will come.

Happy Thanksgiving!

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