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Message for our jeepney drivers

Dear Drivers,

Kami ay lubos na nagpapasalamat sa araw-araw ninyong serbisyo sa aming mga estudyante, hindi lang sa amin kundi sa lahat ng tao, batid namin ang inyong pag hihirap lalo na't ngayon ay nahaharap kayo sa malaking problema. Huwag tayong mawalan ng pag-asa, kami ay kaisa niyo sa inyong laban.

#tsuperayingatan.

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Mareng Mensiya

Author: Fanny A. Garcia

Literary theory: Moralist

The literary theory was used in this poem is Moralist. Because the poem summarize about independence, independent life of a person. In our society, when you are an independent person, people think that you are loner but what they don't know that your relatives or loved ones left you for some worldly reasons or things.

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On the Death of a Newspaper delivery boy (Sa pagkamatay ng isang Newsboy)

Author: Lamberto E. Antonio

Literary theory: The new criticism

I think the literary theory was used in this poem is the new criticism, because we don't need a deeper explanation because we already know what the poem conveys through the emotions that occurred in this poem.

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Night of a construction worker (Gabi ng isang Piyon)

Author: Lamberto E. Antonio

Literary theory: Marxist theory

I think Marxist theory was used here in this poem. Because in our society, when people say construction workers, people think that they are uneducated, ignorant, and poor. You can see the difference in the class of people and being a construction worker is seen by as low class of people.

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Force of circumstance (Santong Paspasan)

Author: Jose F. Lacaba

Literary theory: Reader-response

For me, the literary theory here is reader-response. Because it is based on the reaction of the reader. My reaction when I first read it was that I felt sorry for the character and I believed that she was raped.

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What must be believed in (Ang Dapat Paniwalaan)

Author: Jose F. Lacaba

Literary theory: Cultural studies

Cultural studies was used as a literary theory here, because based on my understanding of the poem "What must be believed in" they have beliefs that came from various grown-up cultures that we still believe in today.

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EQUALITY

The title of the poem is Equality, the author of this poem is the one and only Maya Angelou. The purpose of this poem is to show how equality will affect our life and the poem will help us realize why equality is important in our life. Also, in this poem there are different kinds of discrimination that we encountered or experienced that needs an equality "equality and I will be free". The theme of this poem is is tragedy because there are painful history and shameful past stories mentioned.

There are different issues being raised in the poem, first is "You announce my ways are wanton, that I fly man to man. But if I'm just a shadow to you, could you ever understand?" In this line, in tells how an individual invalidates the feelings and emotions of her. They gossiping about her, how she went to man to another man without knowing her reasons because they don't see her as a person but just a shadow so, they don't notice what she feels and they don't understand how she suffered at that time. Another issue here is "We have lived a painful history, we know the shameful past, but I keep on marching forward, and you keep on coming last". In this line, as a human we have our own battles but sometimes our lives is just like a race. A race where everyone included and you kept on coming first in the finish line but still you're in the low area but the others were coming last and suddenly on the top.

The author Maya Angelou used the kind of technique wherein she narrates the poem by her experiences in life. She used her experiences in life in presenting the different kinds of issues in our society. Maya Angelou was clear in presenting the poem. She uses different deep words to present the issues and she delivered the poem very clear.

This poem made me realized that the issues presented in the poem were affecting my life. It affects my emotions and feelings in evaluating this poem because some issues presented were my experiences as well. It made me realized that we used the equality so much for us to live peacefully, equality that can lead to us in freedom, equality that will make us free and happy without discrimination.

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WOMEN OF WONDERS: AN IN-DEPTH UNDERSTANDING ON FEMINISM

Women of wonders: An in-depth understanding on feminism the purpose of it is to promote gender equality and the rights of every woman. It aims at achieving equal rights and opportunities for all genders, not promoting women over men. Also, feminism works towards equality, not female superiority. The theme of it was "Feminism and Gender Equality"

The pageant conducted to promote equality regardless of what gender, equality to all genders. We accept also the transgender who joined the pageant, their sizes also were being respected. The differences of our faces, in our beliefs, in religion all that aspects were accepted in that pageant.

As a student who has a friends that part of LGBTQIA+, I supported that kind of pageant because we have to respect them and treat them like how you treat someone you love. It doesn't mean that they are gays or bisexual that you have the right to disrespect them just because they are like that, you must respect them and give them value in all aspects.

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MINSAN MAY ISANG PUTA

In this short story, the title of it is "Minsan May Isang Puta". The author of this short story is Mike Fortes. "Minsan May Isang Puta" talks about how women struggle in life and sometimes they got into trouble just to provide their needs. The title of this short story has a different meaning, the title symbolizes the life of every woman on how their lives change and become a mess because of being a prostitute. The literal meaning of the title is sometimes we can become or turn into a slut. Also, the story used a metaphor as a figure of speech. It means there's a meaning behind this word "puta" that we need to identify.

On the other hand, there is a relationship with the author and the main character. The relationship between them is the author narrates the story of the main character which is Pilipinas. Pilipinas is the main character here, she's the center of attention here because the author gives an attention to her when he narrates her story. We can seen in this short story that the environment or surrounding where the story happened was messy and not healthy environment and the atmosphere on that story seems like hot or mixed atmosphere.

The plot of this short story is it turns out in the end that the children of this woman which is Pilipinas were the one who destroyed her life. And in the end, she revealed herself as the main character because I thought the main character was the author. In the end, she was able to tell her name after narrating her story.

In this short story, the action who have done by the characters were in maximum limit because some actions in the story were not suitable for a young child if they're going to read this story.

Of course, in this short story there were conflicts mentioned. This short story presented the problems about how Pilipinas struggles with her relationships with the foreigner and with her children. Addition of this was her debt, she struggles on how to pay off with her debt.

Pilipinas and every character here in this short story has a problem. They can't solve their problems because they add and add a problem at a time instead of solution. It's obvious here that the conflicts are man v.s society, man v.s man, man v.s conscious, and man v.s himself.

However, this short story was fictious but often happened in real life. In this short story, the characters were presented. They're the one who gives the story a color. The main character is Pilipinas, she has children and had a relationship with 3 foreigners, of course her neighbors who gossip about her life. The main character distinguished through telling her story very detailed while the secondary character was already included in the story of the main character.

This short story takes us or leads us into reality. It shows how reality so cruel and messy. For me, the theme applied here is tragedy and the author wanted to tell us that no matter how hard life is, don't do anything stupid. Don't try to do bad things, don't be a slut even if it just once. Don't waste your life, think a solution to your problems not another problem.

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ISRAEL V.S PALESTINE

Let's find out what exactly is going on between Israel and Palestine...

ISRAEL

Israel (ĭzˈrēəl, ĭzˈrāəl) [as understood by Hebrews,=he strives with God], according to the book of Genesis, name given to Jacob as ancestor of the Hebrews, the chosen people of God. In the story, Jacob finds himself struggling with a being who, by the end of the narrative, is sometimes taken to be revealed as God. The story highlights the theme of Jacob's conflict and alienation from people (Isaac, Laban, and Esau) and God. The struggle marks a critical stage in the psychological development of Jacob. The 12 tribes of Israel were named for 10 sons of Jacob (Reuben, Simeon, Judah, Zebulun, Issachar, Dan, Gad, Asher, Naphtali, and Benjamin) and the two sons of Jacob's son Joseph (Ephraim and Manasseh); the 13th tribe, Levi (the third of Jacob's sons), was set apart and had no one portion of land of its own. A break in the Hebrew kingdom was precipitated by Rehoboam, a son of Solomon. An independent southern kingdom, consisting of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin as well as a portion of the Levites, was called Judah; the northern kingdom, which consisted of the rest of what had been the larger Hebrew nation, was called Israel. Israel proper is made up of about 76% Jews, about 18% Arabs, and the rest Druze and others

Israel: https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/israel

RELIGION

Because of our differences, we also have different beliefs in life, our religions are also different. According to the country's Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) classification system (2020 data), approximately 73 percent of the population is Jewish, 18 percent Muslim, 2 percent Christian, and 1.6 percent Druze. The history of Judaism predates the period to which the term itself actually refers, in that Judaism formally applies to the post-Second Temple period, while its antecedents are to be found in the biblical “religion of Israel.” Judaism (jo͞oˈdəĭzˌəm, jo͞oˈdē–), the religious beliefs and practices and the way of life of the Jews. The term itself was first used by Hellenized Jews to describe their religious practice, but it is of predominantly modern usage; it is not used in the Bible or in Rabbinic literature and only rarely in the literature of the medieval period. Jewish people believe there's only one God who has established a covenant—or special agreement—with them. Their God communicates to believers through prophets and rewards good deeds while also punishing evil. Most Jews (with the exception of a few groups) believe that their Messiah hasn't yet come—but will one day.

BORDER

Israel, Arabic Isrāʾīl, officially State of Israel or Hebrew Medinat Yisraʾel, country in the Middle East, located at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. It is bounded to the north by Lebanon, to the northeast by Syria, to the east and southeast by Jordan, to the southwest by Egypt, and to the west by the Mediterranean Sea. Jerusalem is the seat of government and the proclaimed capital, although the latter status has not received wide international recognition. Despite its small size, about 290 miles (470 km) north-to-south and 85 miles (135 km) east-to-west at its widest point, Israel has four geographic regions—the Mediterranean coastal plain, the hill regions of northern and central Israel, the Great Rift Valley, and the Negev—and a wide range of unique physical features and microclimates.

TERRITORY

Palestinian territory – encompassing the Gaza Strip and West Bank, including East Jerusalem – has been illegally occupied by Israel since 1967. Since then, the Israeli government has established a two-tiered legal and political system that provides comprehensive rights for Jewish Israeli settlers while imposing military rule and control on Palestinians without any basic protections or rights under international law. The Israeli government has also engaged in a regular practice of inhumane acts, as well as extrajudicial killings, torture, denial of fundamental human rights, arbitrary detention and collective punishment. The UN Human Rights Council-mandated Commission of Inquiry (CoI) on the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT), including East Jerusalem, and Israel concluded in June 2022 that continued occupation, as well as discrimination against Palestinians, are the key causes of recurrent instability and protraction of conflict in the region.

NATURAL RESOURCES

We know that Israel is one of the richest countries in the world because they are known for making missiles. Historic Palestine has long had an abundance of natural resources, ranging from fresh and ground water, arable land and, more recently, oil and natural gas. In the seven decades since the establishment of the state of Israel, these resources have been compromised and exploited through a variety of measures. These include widespread Palestinian dispossession of land in the ongoing Nakba, exploitation of water through failed negotiations, and a finders-keepers approach to gas and oil found in or under occupied land. Mineral resources include potash, bromine, and magnesium, the last two deriving from the waters of the Dead Sea. Copper ore is located in the ʿArava, phosphates and small amounts of gypsum in the Negev, and some marble in Galilee. Israel began limited petroleum exploitation in the 1950s, and small oil deposits have been found in the northern Negev and south of Tel Aviv. The country also has reserves of natural gas in the northern Negev northeast of Beersheba and offshore in the Mediterranean. The power industry is nationalized, and electricity is generated principally from coal- and oil-burning thermal stations. The government has encouraged intensive rural electrification and has provided electricity for agriculture and industry at favourable rates. The Israel Atomic Energy Commission was established in 1952 and has undertaken a comprehensive survey of the country’s natural resources and trained scientific and technical personnel. A small atomic reactor for nuclear research was constructed with American assistance south of Tel Aviv. A second reactor, built in the Negev with French help, is used for military weapons research. Early Israeli society was strongly committed to expanding and intensifying agriculture. As a result, a rural Jewish agrarian sector emerged that included two unique forms of farming communities, the kibbutz and the moshav. Although the rural sector makes up less than one-tenth of the total Jewish population, such a large rural populace represents something almost unknown in the Diaspora. The amount of irrigated land has increased dramatically and, along with extensive farm mechanization, has been a major factor in raising the value of Israel’s agricultural production. These improvements have contributed to a great expansion in cultivating citrus and such industrial crops as peanuts (groundnuts), sugar beets, and cotton, as well as vegetables and flowers. Dairying has also increased considerably in importance. Israel produces the major portion of its food supply and must import the remainder. The main problem facing agriculture is the scarcity of water. Water is diverted through pipelines from the Jordan and Yarqon rivers and from Lake Tiberias to arid areas in the south. Because almost all the country’s current water resources have been fully exploited, further agricultural development involves increasing yields from land already irrigated, obtaining more water by cloud seeding, reducing the amount of evaporation, desalinizing seawater, and expanding desert farming in the Negev by drawing on brackish water found underground. Israel has perfected drip-irrigation methods that conserve water and optimize fertilizer use. The large influx of well-trained and Western-educated European and North American immigrants contributed greatly to a rapid rise in Israel’s gross national product (GNP) after 1948. Although most of them had to change occupations, a nucleus of highly skilled labour, in combination with the country’s rapid founding of universities and research institutes, facilitated economic expansion. The country obtained large amounts of capital, which included gifts from world Jewry, reparations from the Federal Republic of Germany for Nazi crimes, grants-in-aid from the U.S. government, and capital brought in by immigrants. Israel has supplemented these forms of revenue with loans, commercial credits, and foreign investment.

The goals of Israel’s economic policy are continued growth and the further integration of the country’s economy into world markets. Israel has made progress toward these goals under difficult conditions, such as a rapid population increase, a boycott by most Arab countries, heavy expenditure on defense, a scarcity of natural resources, high rates of inflation, and a small domestic market that limits the economic savings of mass production. Despite these obstacles, Israel has achieved a high standard of living for most of its residents, the growth of substantial industrial export and tourism sectors, and world-class excellence in advanced technologies and science-based industry. However, this economic progress has not been uniform. Israeli Arabs are generally at the lower rungs of the economic ladder, and there are substantial economic divisions among Israeli Jews, mainly between the Sephardim and Ashkenazim.

Large influxes of capital have passed through government channels and public organizations and enlarged that sector of the economy that engages in enterprises between the government and private concerns. Government policy dating from the late 1970s, however, has been directed toward privatization. The private, governmental, and, to a limited extent, cooperative sectors all coexist in an economy that supports both the broad objectives of state policy and individual enterprise.

Tax rates in Israel are among the highest in the world, with income, value-added, customs and excise, land, and luxury taxes being the main sources of revenue. The government has gradually raised the proportion of indirect taxes since the late 1950s. Tax reforms in 1985 included a new corporate tax levied on previously untaxed business sectors while slightly reducing direct taxes on individuals. Taxation approaches two-fifths of the value of GNP and is about one-fourth of average household income.

The General Federation of Labour in Israel (Histadrut) is the largest labour union and voluntary organization in the country. It once was also one of the largest employers in Israel and owner or joint owner of a wide range of industries, but by the mid-1990s it had sold most of its holdings to private investors. Since 1960 Arab workers have been admitted to the organization with full membership rights. The Manufacturers’ Association of Israel and the Farmers’ Union represent a large number of the country’s employers.

Resources

Mineral resources

Mineral resources include potash, bromine, and magnesium, the last two deriving from the waters of the Dead Sea. Copper ore is located in the ʿArava, phosphates and small amounts of gypsum in the Negev, and some marble in Galilee. Israel began limited petroleum exploitation in the 1950s, and small oil deposits have been found in the northern Negev and south of Tel Aviv. The country also has reserves of natural gas in the northern Negev northeast of Beersheba and offshore in the Mediterranean.

Power

The power industry is nationalized, and electricity is generated principally from coal- and oil-burning thermal stations. The government has encouraged intensive rural electrification and has provided electricity for agriculture and industry at favourable rates.

The Israel Atomic Energy Commission was established in 1952 and has undertaken a comprehensive survey of the country’s natural resources and trained scientific and technical personnel. A small atomic reactor for nuclear research was constructed with American assistance south of Tel Aviv. A second reactor, built in the Negev with French help, is used for military weapons research.

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing

Early Israeli society was strongly committed to expanding and intensifying agriculture. As a result, a rural Jewish agrarian sector emerged that included two unique forms of farming communities, the kibbutz and the moshav. Although the rural sector makes up less than one-tenth of the total Jewish population, such a large rural populace represents something almost unknown in the Diaspora.

The amount of irrigated land has increased dramatically and, along with extensive farm mechanization, has been a major factor in raising the value of Israel’s agricultural production. These improvements have contributed to a great expansion in cultivating citrus and such industrial crops as peanuts (groundnuts), sugar beets, and cotton, as well as vegetables and flowers. Dairying has also increased considerably in importance. Israel produces the major portion of its food supply and must import the remainder.

The main problem facing agriculture is the scarcity of water. Water is diverted through pipelines from the Jordan and Yarqon rivers and from Lake Tiberias to arid areas in the south. Because almost all the country’s current water resources have been fully exploited, further agricultural development involves increasing yields from land already irrigated, obtaining more water by cloud seeding, reducing the amount of evaporation, desalinizing seawater, and expanding desert farming in the Negev by drawing on brackish water found underground. Israel has perfected drip-irrigation methods that conserve water and optimize fertilizer use.

Only a limited quantity of fish is available off Israel’s Mediterranean and Red Sea coasts, and Israeli trawlers sail to the rich fishing grounds in the Indian Ocean and engage in deep-sea fishing in the Atlantic Ocean. Inland, fishpond production meets much of the domestic demand.

Industry of Israel

For more than 40 years local demand fueled Israeli industrial expansion, as the country’s population grew rapidly and the standard of living rose. More recently, world demand for Israeli advanced technologies, software, electronics, and other sophisticated equipment has stimulated industrial growth. Israel’s high status in new technologies is the result of its emphasis on higher education and research and development. The government also assists industrial growth by providing low-rate loans from its development budget. The main limitations experienced by industry are the scarcity of domestic raw materials and sources of energy and the restricted size of the local market. The country’s mining industry supplies local demands for fertilizers, detergents, and drugs and also produces some exports. A plant in Haifa produces potassium nitrate and phosphoric acid for both local consumption and export. Products of the oil refineries at Haifa include polyethylene and carbon black, which are used by the local tire and plastic industries. The electrochemical industry also produces food chemicals and a variety of other commodities. Oil pipelines run from the port of Elat to the Mediterranean. Israel has some producing oil wells but continues to import most of its petroleum.

ORIGIN OF THE PEOPLE

The people of Israel (also called the "Jewish People") trace their origin to Abraham, who established the belief that there is only one God, the creator of the universe (see Torah). Abraham, his son Yitshak (Isaac), and grandson Jacob (Israel) are referred to as the patriarchs of the Israelites. God commanded Abraham to go to the promised land which is the Canaan. The Palestinians lived in Canaan but were driven out because God gave that land to the Israelites. Israel formerly Jacob son of Isaac son of Abraham.

Jews: https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/jews

NOVA MUSIC FESTIVAL IN ISRAEL

The Nova Festival in a rural farmland area near the Gaza-Israel border. The nova music festival in Israel was attended by thousands of people to unite with the Jews on the holiday of Sukkot. This party was supposed to be fun all night but an unexpected tragedy occurred.

A group of festival-goers smiling at the Nova music festival in Israel. Young people danced to electronic music all night, before Hamas militants attacked. A photographer captured moments of joy and revelry at the Nova Music Festival in Israel. At least 260 people were killed at the festival, and many more have died across Israel and Gaza. This nova music festival was held to raise money for the Palestinians living in Gaza. The nova music festival was held near the border called the Gaza strip where Hamas resides. Hamas are Palestinian terrorists whose goal is to wipe Israel off the map. But in an unexpected event, in the middle of the fun there was tragedy at the same time because the Hamas suddenly attacked them and they were shot, some bodies were missing a part and some bodies were stripped and paraded on the road.

ARE YOU A PRO ISRAEL OR PRO PALESTINE?

I am Pro Israel because Israel was given by God to the Jewish people to be a home. God gave them the land of Israel. Israel will never be erased from the map because God himself founded it and gave its title to the Jewish people. I am pro Israel because they really have the right and not the Palestinians. Palestinians have no right to claim Israel because it is not theirs. In the current war between Israel and Palestine, I believe that God will not let Israel fall and lose, God is with Israel. In the current war between them, we cannot call what Israel is doing now a crime because they were not the first intruder but Hamas. "He who is the cause is the cause of the evil cause". Israel is just defending the country God gave them. What they do will not be called a crime as long as the war exists.