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Week 4 Assignment
The Code
import pandas
import numpy
import seaborn
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
seaborn.set(style="whitegrid", color_codes=True)
data = pandas.read_csv('nesarc_pds.csv', low_memory=False)
#Data Management
#Using errors='coerce" sets all blanks to NaN
#Blanks were responses that worst period did not meet symptom criteria for major depression
data['S4AQ1'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4AQ1']) #2-WEEK PERIOD WHEN FELT SAD
data['S4AQ16'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4AQ16'], errors='coerce') #WENT TO COUNSELOR/THERAPIST/DOCTOR
data['S4BQ1'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4BQ1'], errors='coerce') #FATHER EVER DEPRESSED
data['S4BQ2'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4BQ2'], errors='coerce') #MOTHER EVER DEPRESSED
data['S4BQ11'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4BQ11'], errors='coerce') #GRANDFATHER ON YOUR FATHER'S SIDE EVER DEPRESSED
data['S4BQ12'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4BQ12'], errors='coerce') #GRANDMOTHER ON YOUR FATHER'S SIDE EVER DEPRESSED
data['S4BQ13'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4BQ13'], errors='coerce') #GRANDFATHER ON YOUR MOTHER'S SIDE EVER DEPRESSED
data['S4BQ14'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4BQ14'], errors='coerce') #GRANDMOTHER ON YOUR MOTHER'S SIDE EVER DEPRESSED
data['S4AQ8AR'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4AQ8AR'], errors='coerce') #AGE WHEN ONLY/MOST RECENT EPISODE BEGAN (BASED ON S4AQ6A IF ONLY 1 EPISODE)
data['SEX'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['SEX'], errors='coerce') #SEX
data['S4AQ7'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4AQ7'], errors='coerce') #NUMBER OF EPISODES
#NUMBER OF EPISODES
print("NUMBER OF EPISODES")
data['S4AQ7'] = data['S4AQ7'].replace(99, numpy.nan)
c9 = data['S4AQ7'].value_counts(ascending=True, dropna=False)
print(c9)
sub1 = data[(data['S4AQ16']==1)]
#AGE WHEN ONLY/MOST RECENT EPISODE BEGAN (BASED ON S4AQ6A IF ONLY 1 EPISODE)
print("AGE WHEN ONLY/MOST RECENT EPISODE BEGAN (BASED ON S4AQ6A IF ONLY 1 EPISODE)")
data['S4AQ8AR'] = data['S4AQ8AR'].replace(99, numpy.nan)
c6 = data['S4AQ8AR'].value_counts(ascending=True, dropna=False)
print(c6)
p6 = data['S4AQ8AR'].value_counts(ascending=True, normalize=True)
print(p6)
data['AGEGROUP1'] = pandas.cut(data.S4AQ8AR,[4,14,24,34,44,54,64,74,84,94,100],right=False)
c7 = data['AGEGROUP1'].value_counts(ascending=True, dropna=False)
print(c7)
p7 = data['AGEGROUP1'].value_counts(ascending=True, normalize=True)
print(p7)
c8 = data.groupby('AGEGROUP1').size()
print(c8)
#AGE WHEN ONLY/MOST RECENT EPISODE BEGAN (BASED ON S4AQ6A IF ONLY 1 EPISODE)
desc1 = data['S4AQ8AR'].describe()
print(desc1)
desc2 = data['S4AQ7'].describe()
print(desc2)
desc3 = sub1['S4AQ7'].describe()
print(desc3)
"""
#Create a graph
data['AGEGROUP1'] = data['AGEGROUP1'].astype('category')
seaborn.countplot(x="AGEGROUP1", data=data)
plt.xlabel('AGE WHEN ONLY/MOST RECENT DEPRESSION EPISODE BEGAN')
plt.title("NESARC DATA - AGE WHEN ONLY/MOST RECENT EPISODE BEGAN")
"""
scat1 = seaborn.regplot(x="S4AQ8AR", y="S4AQ7", data=sub1)
plt.xlabel('Age')
plt.ylabel('Episodes')
plt.title('Scatterplot for the association between number of depression episodes and age')
***********************************************************************
I’m looking at depression and whether it’s related to heredity using the NESARC data. At this point, it’s inconclusive as to whether genetics increases the chance of depression from the data. Unfortunately, “YES” and “NO” survey questions related to do not make for “exciting” graphs and I had to grab some other data elements to meet the grading criteria for this assignment.
The univariate graph of individuals from the entire population of the data who experienced a 2-week period where they felt depressed.
The graph shows that 30% of the population experienced some period of depression but not all individuals met the threshold of severe depression.
The univariate graph of individuals who met the threshold of severe depression and sought professional help.
The graph shows of 7,894 individuals who met the criteria of severe depression, 51% sought professional help.
The univariate graph of the age when the only or most recent depression episode began.
The graph show the 24-34 group is the peak age for depression. The mean age for this data set is 36.9 years old with a standard deviation of 15.49 years.
The bivariate graph of the number of depression episodes related to the age of the individuals who had sought professional help.
The plot doesn’t show a clear positive or negative relationship between the two variables. It does show that the majority of depression episodes is between one and twenty. One could also conclude that the individuals who answered the survey used round numbers (i.e. 20, 30, 40, etc.)
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Text
Week 3 Assignment
Week 3 Assignment
#Data Management
#Using errors='coerce" sets all blanks to NaN
#Blanks were responses that worst period did not meet symptom criteria for major depression
data['S4AQ1'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4AQ1']) #2-WEEK PERIOD WHEN FELT SAD
data['S4AQ16'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4AQ16'], errors='coerce') #WENT TO COUNSELOR/THERAPIST/DOCTOR
data['S4BQ1'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4BQ1'], errors='coerce') #FATHER EVER DEPRESSED
data['S4BQ2'] = pandas.to_numeric(data['S4BQ2'], errors='coerce') #MOTHER EVER DEPRESSED
#Set N/A (9) to NaN in data sets
#2-WEEK PERIOD WHEN FELT SAD
print('2-WEEK PERIOD WHEN FELT SAD')
data['S4AQ1'] = data['S4AQ1'].replace(9, numpy.nan)
c1 = data['S4AQ1'].value_counts(ascending=True, dropna=False)
print(c1)
p1 = data['S4AQ1'].value_counts(ascending=True, normalize=True)
print(p1)
#WENT TO COUNSELOR/THERAPIST/DOCTOR
print('WENT TO COUNSELOR/THERAPIST/DOCTOR')
data['S4AQ16'] = data['S4AQ16'].replace(9, numpy.nan)
c2 = data['S4AQ16'].value_counts(ascending=True, dropna=False)
print(c2)
p2 = data['S4AQ16'].value_counts(ascending=True, normalize=True)
print(p2)
#FATHER EVER DEPRESSED
print('FATHER EVER DEPRESSED')
data['S4BQ1'] = data['S4BQ1'].replace(9, numpy.nan)
c3 = data['S4BQ1'].value_counts(ascending=True, dropna=False)
print(c3)
p3 = data['S4BQ1'].value_counts(ascending=True, normalize=True)
print(p3)
#MOTHER EVER DEPRESSED
print('MOTHER EVER DEPRESSED')
data['S4BQ2'] = data['S4BQ2'].replace(9, numpy.nan)
c4 = data['S4BQ2'].value_counts(ascending=True, dropna=False)
print(c4)
p4 = data['S4BQ2'].value_counts(ascending=True, normalize=True)
print(p4)
Of all respondents surveyed, 30.30% said they’d had a two-week period where they felt sad. Of the 8,794 respondents that met the criteria of severe depression, 51.75% sought professional help while 48.25% did not. One could conclude that almost half of all people that have suffered with severe depression do not seek help. Of all respondents, 11.36% had a father that had suffered with depression, and 18.49% had a mother that had suffered with depression. The next step will be to determine among respondents that have had severe depression, have a higher frequency of parents that were depressed relative to the overall population.
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Week 2 Assignment
************************The Code*****************************************************
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
Created on Sun Oct 1 21:15:11 2017
@author: Chris
"""
import pandas
data = pandas.read_csv('nesarc_pds.csv', low_memory=False)
print ('Code book is NESARC')
print (str(len(data)) + ' Observations') #number of observations (rows)
print (str(len(data.columns)) + ' Columns\n') # number of variables (columns)
my_codebook = ['S4BQ1', 'S4BQ2', 'S4BQ3C']
nomenclature = ['BLOOD/NATURAL FATHER EVER DEPRESSED', 'BLOOD/NATURAL MOTHER EVER DEPRESSED', 'ANY FULL BROTHERS EVER DEPRESSED']
count = 0
for code in my_codebook:
data[code] = data[code].convert_objects(convert_numeric=True)
#counts and percentages (i.e. frequency distributions) for each variable
print ('Counts for ' + code + ' ' + nomenclature[count])
c1 = data[code].value_counts(sort=False)
print (c1)
print ('Percentages for ' + code + ' ' + nomenclature[count])
p1 = data[code].value_counts(sort=False, normalize=True)
print (p1)
count = count + 1
**********************END OF CODE**********************************************
************************OUTPUT***************************************************
1 = YES; 2 = NO; 9 = UNKNOWN
Code book is NESARC
43093 Observations
3010 Columns
Counts for S4BQ1 BLOOD/NATURAL FATHER EVER DEPRESSED
1 4126
2 32192
9 6775
Name: S4BQ1, dtype: int64
Percentages for S4BQ1 BLOOD/NATURAL FATHER EVER DEPRESSED
1 0.095746
2 0.747035
9 0.157218
Name: S4BQ1, dtype: float64
Counts for S4BQ2 BLOOD/NATURAL MOTHER EVER DEPRESSED
1 7134
2 31448
9 4511
Name: S4BQ2, dtype: int64
Percentages for S4BQ2 BLOOD/NATURAL MOTHER EVER DEPRESSED
1 0.165549
2 0.729770
9 0.104681
Name: S4BQ2, dtype: float64
Counts for S4BQ3C ANY FULL BROTHERS EVER DEPRESSED
1 3903
2 35778
9 3412
Name: S4BQ3C, dtype: int64
Percentages for S4BQ3C ANY FULL BROTHERS EVER DEPRESSED
1 0.090572
2 0.830251
9 0.079178
Name: S4BQ3C, dtype: float64
Responses to questions were 1 (one) for Yes, 2 (two) for No, and 9 (nine) for Unknown.
0 notes
Text
Week 1 Assignment
STEP 1: Choose a data set that you would like to work with:
NESARC (Source Code Book)
STEP 2. Identify a specific topic of interest:
Is depression associated with heredity?
STEP 3. Prepare a codebook of your own:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2491-2492 S4AQ7 NUMBER OF EPISODES
------------------
8283 1-98. Separate times lasting at least 2 weeks
534 99. Unknown
34276 BL. NA, worst period did not meet symptom criteria for major depression
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2527-2527 S4AQ16 WENT TO COUNSELOR/THERAPIST/DOCTOR/OTHER PERSON FOR HELP TO IMPROVE MOOD
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4551 1. Yes
4243 2. No
23 9. Unknown
34276 BL. NA, worst period did not meet symptom criteria for major depression
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2528-2528 S4AQ17A STAYED OVERNIGHT IN HOSPITAL BECAUSE OF DEPRESSION
--------------------------------------------------
1097 1. Yes
7695 2. No
25 9. Unknown
34276 BL. NA, worst period did not meet symptom criteria for major depression
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2529-2529 S4AQ17B WENT TO EMERGENCY ROOM FOR HELP BECAUSE OF DEPRESSION
-----------------------------------------------------
906 1. Yes
7883 2. No
28 9. Unknown
34276 BL. NA, worst period did not meet symptom criteria for major depression
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2530-2530 S4AQ18 DOCTOR PRESCRIBED MEDICINE/DRUG TO IMPROVE MOOD/MAKE YOU FEEL BETTER
--------------------------------------------------------------------
3847 1. Yes
4939 2. No
31 9. Unknown
34276 BL. NA, worst period did not meet symptom criteria for major depression
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2531-2532 S4AQ19A AGE AT FIRST TIME SOUGHT HELP
-----------------------------
5104 5-89. Age
69 99. Unknown
37920 BL. NA, worst period did not meet symptom criteria for major depression; did
not seek or unknown if sought help for major depression
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
314
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tape Location Source Code Frequency Item value and description
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2533-2534 S4AQ19B AGE AT ONLY/MOST RECENT TIME SOUGHT HELP
----------------------------------------
5108 5-90. Age
65 99. Unknown
37920 BL. NA, worst period did not meet symptom criteria for major depression; did
not seek or unknown if sought help for major depression
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 4B: FAMILY HISTORY (III) OF MAJOR DEPRESSION
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2549-2549 S4BQ1 BLOOD/NATURAL FATHER EVER DEPRESSED
-----------------------------------
4126 1. Yes
32192 2. No
6775 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
317
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tape Location Source Code Frequency Item value and description
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2550-2550 S4BQ2 BLOOD/NATURAL MOTHER EVER DEPRESSED
-----------------------------------
7134 1. Yes
31448 2. No
4511 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2551-2552 S4BQ3B NUMBER OF FULL BROTHERS WHO WERE EVER DEPRESSED
-----------------------------------------------
39146 0-9. Full brother(s)
3947 99. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2553-2553 S4BQ3C ANY FULL BROTHERS EVER DEPRESSED
--------------------------------
3903 1. Yes
35778 2. No
3412 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2554-2555 S4BQ4B NUMBER OF FULL SISTERS WHO WERE EVER DEPRESSED
----------------------------------------------
39607 0-12. Full sister(s)
3486 99. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2556-2556 S4BQ4C ANY FULL SISTERS EVER DEPRESSED
-------------------------------
4751 1. Yes
35266 2. No
3076 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2557-2558 S4BQ5B NUMBER OF NATURAL SONS WHO WERE EVER DEPRESSED
----------------------------------------------
41324 0-5. Natural son(s)
1769 99. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2559-2559 S4BQ5C ANY NATURAL SONS EVER DEPRESSED
-------------------------------
1873 1. Yes
39702 2. No
1518 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2560-2561 S4BQ6B NUMBER OF NATURAL DAUGHTERS WHO WERE EVER DEPRESSED
---------------------------------------------------
41412 0-8. Natural daughter(s)
1681 99. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
318
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tape Location Source Code Frequency Item value and description
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2562-2562 S4BQ6C ANY NATURAL DAUGHTERS EVER DEPRESSED
------------------------------------
2141 1. Yes
39488 2. No
1464 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2563-2564 S4BQ7B NUMBER OF NATURAL FATHER'S FULL BROTHERS WHO WERE EVER DEPRESSED
----------------------------------------------------------------
30806 0-15. Father's full brother(s)
12287 99. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2565-2565 S4BQ7C ANY OF NATURAL FATHER'S FULL BROTHERS EVER DEPRESSED
----------------------------------------------------
1771 1. Yes
31737 2. No
9585 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2566-2567 S4BQ8B NUMBER OF NATURAL FATHER'S FULL SISTERS WHO WERE EVER DEPRESSED
---------------------------------------------------------------
31894 0-11. Father's full sister(s)
11199 99. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2568-2568 S4BQ8C ANY OF NATURAL FATHER'S FULL SISTERS EVER DEPRESSED
---------------------------------------------------
1975 1. Yes
32152 2. No
8966 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2569-2570 S4BQ9B NUMBER OF NATURAL MOTHER'S FULL BROTHERS WHO WERE EVER DEPRESSED
----------------------------------------------------------------
33736 0-13. Mother's full brother(s)
9357 99. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2571-2571 S4BQ9C ANY OF NATURAL MOTHER'S FULL BROTHERS EVER DEPRESSED
----------------------------------------------------
2352 1. Yes
33091 2. No
7650 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2572-2573 S4BQ10B NUMBER OF NATURAL MOTHER'S FULL SISTERS WHO WERE EVER DEPRESSED
---------------------------------------------------------------
34692 0-12. Mother's full sister(s)
8401 99. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
319
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tape Location Source Code Frequency Item value and description
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2574-2574 S4BQ10C ANY OF NATURAL MOTHER'S FULL SISTERS EVER DEPRESSED
---------------------------------------------------
3113 1. Yes
33008 2. No
6972 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2575-2575 S4BQ11 NATURAL GRANDFATHER ON YOUR FATHER'S SIDE EVER DEPRESSED
--------------------------------------------------------
883 1. Yes
28421 2. No
13789 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2576-2576 S4BQ12 NATURAL GRANDMOTHER ON YOUR FATHER'S SIDE EVER DEPRESSED
--------------------------------------------------------
1222 1. Yes
28891 2. No
12980 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2577-2577 S4BQ13 NATURAL GRANDFATHER ON YOUR MOTHER'S SIDE EVER DEPRESSED
--------------------------------------------------------
1072 1. Yes
29873 2. No
12148 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2578-2578 S4BQ14 NATURAL GRANDMOTHER ON YOUR MOTHER'S SIDE EVER DEPRESSED
--------------------------------------------------------
1893 1. Yes
30004 2. No
11196 9. Unknown
STEP 4. Identify a second topic that you would like to explore in terms of its association with your original topic:
Is depression associated with low self-esteem?
STEP 5. Add questions/items/variables documenting this second topic to your personal codebook:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION 10: PERSONALITY DISORDERS (USUAL FEELINGS AND ACTIONS)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3136-3136 S10Q1A2 AVOID GETTING INVOLVED WITH PEOPLE UNLESS CERTAIN THEY WILL LIKE YOU
--------------------------------------------------------------------
2098 1. Yes
39605 2. No
1390 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3137-3137 S10Q1B2 EVER TROUBLE YOU OR CAUSE PROBLEMS AT WORK/SCHOOL OR WITH FAMILY/OTHER PEOPLE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
492 1. Yes
41205 2. No
1396 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3138-3138 S10Q1A3 FIND IT HARD TO BE "OPEN" EVEN WITH PEOPLE YOU ARE CLOSE TO
-----------------------------------------------------------
4502 1. Yes
37182 2. No
1409 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3139-3139 S10Q1B3 EVER TROUBLE YOU OR CAUSE PROBLEMS AT WORK/SCHOOL OR WITH FAMILY/OTHER PEOPLE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1230 1. Yes
40442 2. No
1421 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3140-3140 S10Q1A4 OFTEN WORRY ABOUT BEING CRITICIZED OR REJECTED IN SOCIAL SITUATIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------
3842 1. Yes
37870 2. No
1381 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3141-3141 S10Q1B4 EVER TROUBLE YOU OR CAUSE PROBLEMS AT WORK/SCHOOL OR WITH FAMILY/OTHER PEOPLE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
1173 1. Yes
40530 2. No
1390 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
405
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tape Location Source Code Frequency Item value and description
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3142-3142 S10Q1A5 BELIEVE THAT YOU ARE NOT AS GOOD, AS SMART, OR AS ATTRACTIVE AS MOST PEOPLE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
3505 1. Yes
38128 2. No
1460 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3143-3143 S10Q1B5 EVER TROUBLE YOU OR CAUSE PROBLEMS AT WORK/SCHOOL OR WITH FAMILY/OTHER PEOPLE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
954 1. Yes
40668 2. No
1471 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3144-3144 S10Q1A6 USUALLY QUIET OR HAVE VERY LITTLE TO SAY WHEN MEET NEW PEOPLE BECAUSE
YOU BELIEVE THEY ARE BETTER THAN YOU ARE
---------------------------------------------------------------------
2373 1. Yes
39285 2. No
1435 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3145-3145 S10Q1B6 EVER TROUBLE YOU OR CAUSE PROBLEMS AT WORK/SCHOOL OR WITH FAMILY/OTHER PEOPLE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
492 1. Yes
41158 2. No
1443 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3146-3146 S10Q1A7 AFRAID OF TRYING NEW THINGS OR DOING THINGS OUTSIDE USUAL ROUTINE BECAUSE
AFRAID OF BEING EMBARRASSED
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
2734 1. Yes
38890 2. No
1469 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3147-3147 S10Q1B7 EVER TROUBLE YOU OR CAUSE PROBLEMS AT WORK/SCHOOL OR WITH FAMILY/OTHER PEOPLE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
781 1. Yes
40836 2. No
1476 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3148-3148 S10Q1A8 NEED A LOT OF REASSURANCE FROM OTHERS BEFORE MAKING EVERY DAY DECISIONS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
788 1. Yes
40894 2. No
1411 9. Unknown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
406
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tape Location Source Code Frequency Item value and description
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3149-3149 S10Q1B8 EVER TROUBLE YOU OR CAUSE PROBLEMS AT WORK/SCHOOL OR WITH FAMILY/OTHER PEOPLE
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
257 1. Yes
41423 2. No
1413 9. Unknown                                                                                                                                                                           Â
STEP 6. Perform a literature review to see what research has been previously done on this topic:
Understanding the Role of Heredity in Depression
https://www.recoveryranch.com/articles/therapy/depression-heredity/
Lay beliefs about causes of depression
C Lauber, L Falcato, C Nordt… - Acta Psychiatrica …, 2003 - Wiley Online Library
Hazard, heredity and depression. A family study
Peter McGuffin, Randy Katz, Paul Bebbington
Public beliefs about causes and risk factors for depression and schizophrenia
Jorm, A.F., Korten, A.E., Jacomb, P.A. et al. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol (1997) 32: 143. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00794613
States of Depression
Br Med J. 1938 Oct 29; 2(4060): 875–878
Self-esteem and depression, 1. Measurement issues and prediction of onset
Brown, G.W., Andrews, B., Bifulco, A. et al. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol (1990) 25: 200. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00782962
Similarity and uniqueness: The effects of attribute type, relevance, and individual differences in self-esteem and depression
Campbell, J. D. (1986). Similarity and uniqueness: The effects of attribute type, relevance, and individual differences in self-esteem and depression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50(2), 281-294
STEP 7. Based on your literature review, develop a hypothesis about what you believe the association might be between these topics:
From the literature, there doesn’t appear to be a clear consensus that having a family member that suffers from depression increases the likelihood of an individual also suffering from the same affliction. However, reviewing the literature, it does appear that low self-esteem and depression go together; one makes the other vulnerable to the other. Can you have one without the other?
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