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c19library · 9 months

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Health Complications: Pregnancy, Infants, and Children

Last Updated September 11, 2023

Pregnancy

Complications: Stillbirth, placenta cell death, low fetus oxygen levels, neurodevelopmental issues in infants.

Published Research

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 1 Year in Infants of Mothers Who Tested Positive for SARS-CoV-2 During Pregnancy | Pediatrics | JAMA Network Open | JAMA Network Edlow, A. G., Castro, V. M., Shook, L. L., Kaimal, A. J., & Perlis, R. H. (2022).

Placental Tissue Destruction and Insufficiency From COVID-19 Causes Stillbirth and Neonatal Death From Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury | Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (allenpress.com) Shwartz, D. A., Avvad,-Potari, E., Babal, P., Baldewijns, M., Bloomberg, M., Bouachba, A., Camacho, J., Collardeau-Frachon, S., Colson, A., ... Zaigham, M. (2022).

Articles & Reports

COVID-19 during pregnancy: Effects on the placenta and stillbirth risk (medicalnewstoday.com) Flynn, H. (2022, February 21).

Heart & Cardiovascular Damage

Complications: Blood vessel damage (thrombotic microangiopathy)

Published Research

Cardiac Involvement in Children Affected by COVID-19: Clinical Features and Diagnosis - PMC (nih.gov) Vasichkina, E., Alekseeva, D., Karev, V., Podyacheva, E., Kudryavtsev, I., Glushkova, A., Starshinova, A. Y., Kudlay, D., Starshinova, A. (2023).

Evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy in children with SARS-CoV-2 across the spectrum of clinical presentations | Blood Advances | American Society of Hematology (ashpublications.org) Diorio, C., McNerney, K. O., Lambert, M., Paessler, M., Anderson, E. M., Henrickson, S. E., Chase, J., Liebling, E. J., Burudpakdee, C., Lee, J. H., ... Teachey, D. T. (2020).

Articles & Reports

Virtually all children infected with COVID-19 show signs of blood vessel damage, study shows (studyfinds.org) Anderer, J. (2020, December 9).

Brain & Neurological Damage

Published Research

Neurological effects of COVID‐19 in infants and children - PMC (nih.gov) Stafstrom, C. E. (2022).

Articles & Reports

Diabetes

Published Research

Type 1 Diabetes Incidence and Risk in Children With a Diagnosis of COVID-19 | Infectious Diseases | JAMA | JAMA Network Weiss, A., Donnachie, E., Beyerlein, A., Ziegler, A. G., & Bonifacio, E. (2023).

Risk for Newly Diagnosed Diabetes 30 Days After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Persons Aged 18 Years — United States, March 1, 2020–June 28, 2021 | MMWR (cdc.gov) Barrett, C. E., Koyama, A. K., Alvarez, P., Chow, W., Lundeen, E. A., Perrine, C. G., Pavkov, M. E., Rolka, D. B., Wilz, J. L., Bull-Otterson, L., Gray, S. ... Saydah, S. (2022).

Articles & Reports

Covid-19 linked to elevated risk of type 1 diabetes in young children | New Scientist Ly, C. (2023, September 8).

Covid May Raise the Risk of Diabetes in Children, Study Says - The New York Times (nytimes.com) Rabin, R. C. (2022, January 7).

Long Covid & PASC

Published Research

Long COVID symptoms in SARS-CoV-2-positive children aged 0–14 years and matched controls in Denmark (LongCOVIDKidsDK): a national, cross-sectional study - The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health Berg, S. K., Palm, P., Nygaard, U., Bundgaard, H., Peterson, M. N. S., Rosenkilde, S., Thorsted, A. B., Ersboll, A. K., Thygesen, L. C., ... Christensen, A. V. (2022).

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COVID-19 Interventions

Last Updated September 8, 2023

Masking

Summary: Masking in crowded indoor and outdoor areas is an effective way to protect yourself and others from being infected with COVID-19 because it is airborne and spreads through aerosols.

It is important to point out the distinctions between different kinds of masks/respirators and what they are capable of.

Cloth Masks are no longer recommended unless you are using them to double mask over a surgical mask.

Surgical Masks are somewhat effective at reducing aerosol transmission from you to other people, but are less effective at protecting you from other people. That being said, surgical masks are most effective in situations where most or all people involved are utilizing them properly.

KN95, N95, and respirators above these ratings are more effective than surgical masks at protecting others from you and are capable of protecting you from others regardless of their own masking status. However, one-way masking does not provide as much protection as when all people involved are utilizing respirators.

Published Research

Airborne transmission of COVID-19 and the role of face mask to prevent it: a systematic review and meta-analysis - PubMed (nih.gov) Tabatabaeizadeh, S. (2021).

Face masks to prevent transmission of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PubMed (nih.gov) Li, Y., Liang, M., Gao, L., Ahmed, M. A., Uy, J. P., Cheng, C., Zhou, Q., & Sun, C. (2021).

Articles & Reports

Masks and Respirators (cdc.gov) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, May 11)

Face Masks and COVID-19 | NIH News in Health News in Health. (2021, November). National Institutes of Health.

Mask Types

NIOSH Approved Respirators (N95 and higher)

Approved Particulate Filtering Facepiece Respirators | NPPTL | NIOSH | CDC

KN95

KN95 Masks: When, Where, Why, and How to Wear Them Properly (healthline.com)

Elastomeric Respirators (Reusable)

Elastomeric Respirator Resources | NIOSH | CDC

Ventilation

Summary: Proper ventilation of indoor areas reduces the concentration of COVID-19 in the air and lowers your risk of being infected.

Published Research

Indoor Air and COVID-19 Key References and Publications | US EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2023, July 10).

Articles & Reports

Italian study shows ventilation can cut school COVID cases by 82% | Reuters Reuters. (2022, March 22).

Ventilation and Coronavirus (COVID-19) | US EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2023, June 7).

Improving Ventilation in Your Home | CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, April 13).

Ventilation in Buildings | CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, May 12).

Indoor Air Filters

Summary: HEPA air purifiers and MERV-13 boxes are capable of filtering COVID-19 virus out of the air. On their own, HEPA air filters can reduce exposure to the virus by up to 65%. In combination with masking, exposure to the virus is reduced by 90%.

Published Research

Effectiveness of HEPA Filters at Removing Infectious SARS-CoV-2 from the Air - PubMed (nih.gov) Ueki, H., Ujie, M., Komori, Y., Kato, T., Imai, M., & Kawaoka, Y. (2022).

Efficacy of Portable Air Cleaners and Masking for Reducing Indoor Exposure to Simulated Exhaled SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols — United States, 2021 | MMWR (cdc.gov) Lindsley, W. G., Derk, R. C., Coyle, J. P., Martin, S. B., Mead, K. R., Blachere, F. M., Beezhold, D. H., Brooks, J. T., Boots, T., & Noti, J. D. (2021).

Articles & Reports

Air Cleaners, HVAC Filters, and Coronavirus (COVID-19) | US EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2023, April 25).

Do HEPA Filters Really Catch Coronavirus Particles? | Columbia News Martineau, K. (2021, November 11).

Paxlovid

Summary: Treatment with Paxlovid beginning during the early acute phase of a COVID-19 infection may lower your risk of developing health complications or Long COVID. Currently, there are trials to determine whether or not Paxlovid can also alleviate Long COVID symptoms after the acute phase has passed.

Published Research

Association of Treatment With Nirmatrelvir and the Risk of Post–COVID-19 Condition | Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology | JAMA Internal Medicine | JAMA Network Xie, Y., Choi, T., & Al-Aly, Z. (2023, March 23).

Articles & Reports

Paxlovid reduces risk of Long COVID - VA News Veterans Affairs. (2022, November 6).

Should You Take an Antiviral to Prevent Long COVID? | Time Ducharme, J. (2023, March 23).

The antiviral drug Paxlovid reduces the risk of getting long COVID (sciencenews.org) Saey, T. H. (2023, March 31).

Vaccination

Summary: Vaccination is an essential part of protecting yourself against COVID-19. They have been shown to effectively reduce rates of hospitalization and death. However, this does NOT mean the virus is now harmless to the body or similar to a cold. It may reduce the severity of acute symptoms, but this is not indicative of long-term damage. Additionally, vaccinated people can still spread the virus to others when infected - whether or not they experience symptoms. Therefore, vaccination is only the baseline of implementing COVID-19 interventions, not the end.

The first two doses of the initial inoculation are not enough to protect you from newer strains. You will need boosters created to fight against the latest mutations. It is recommended that you get boosters as often and as soon as possible when you are eligible for an update.

Published Research

Acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection | Nature Medicine Bowe, B., Xie, Y., & Al-Aly, Z. (2022).

Dynamics of inflammatory responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection by vaccination status in the USA: a prospective cohort study - The Lancet Microbe Zhu, X., Geob, K. A., Abraham, A. G., Habtehyimer, F., Patel, E. U., Laeyendecker, O., Gniadek, T. J., Fernandez, R. E., Baker, O. R., Ram, M., ... Tobian, A. A. R. (2023).

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Known COVID-19 Health Complications

Last Updated September 8, 2023

Repeat Infections

Summary: Repeat infections, even if mild during the acute phase, cause cumulative damage to the body and increase your risk of developing health complications or Long COVID. You should aim to limit the number of times you are infected as much as possible, even if you are not currently high risk (Note: Health complications post-COVID-19 infection can make you high risk) and have been vaccinated.

Published Research

Acute and postacute sequelae associated with SARS-CoV-2 reinfection | Nature Medicine Bowe, B., Xie, Y, & Al-Aly, Z. (2022).

Articles & Reports

Repeat COVID-19 infections increase risk of organ failure, death – Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis (wustl.edu) Sauerwein, K. (2022).

Why Getting COVID-19 Multiple Times Is Risky For Your Health | Time Park, A. (2022).

Heart & Cardiovascular Damage

Summary: COVID-19 increases your risk of heart failure, heart attacks, strokes, pulmonary embolism, palpitations, arrhythmia, myocarditis, blood clots (thrombosis), etc. post-infection. Inflammation during the acute phase of a COVID-19 infection can damage the heart and blood vessels.

“Risks and 12-month burdens of incident post-acute COVID-19 cardiovascular outcomes in participants without any history of cardiovascular outcomes prior to COVID-19 exposure compared to the contemporary control cohort.” (Xie et al., 2022)

Published Research

Core mitochondrial genes are down-regulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection of rodent and human hosts | Science Translational Medicine Guarnieri, J. W., Dybas, J. M., ... Wallace, D. C. (2023).

Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19 - PMC (nih.gov) Xie, Y., Xu, E., Bowe, B., & Al-Aly, Z. (2022).

Articles & Reports

Blood Clotting Proteins Might Help Predict Long COVID Brain Fog - Scientific American Reardon, S. (2023, September 1).

SARS-CoV-2 can damage mitochondrion in heart, other organs, study finds | CIDRAP (umn.edu) Van Beusekom, M. (2023, August 9).

Your vascular system and COVID | Heart and Stroke Foundation Heart and Stroke Foundation. (2023).

COVID, heart disease and stroke | Heart and Stroke Foundation Heart and Stroke Foundation. (2023, April 17).

How does coronavirus affect your heart? - BHF British Heart Foundation. (2023, March 21).

COVID-19 and Heart Damage: What You Should Know (clevelandclinic.org) Cleveland Clinic. (2022, May 10).

Heart Problems after COVID-19 | Johns Hopkins Medicine Post, W. S., & Gilotra, N. A. (2022).

COVID and the Heart: It Spares No One | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health (jhu.edu) Desmon, S., & Al-Aly, Z. (2022, March 14).

COVID-19 takes serious toll on heart health—a full year after recovery | Science | AAAS Wadman, M. (2022, February 9).

Brain & Neurological Damage

Summary: COVID-19 infection increases your risk of developing cognitive impairments, mental health issues, poor memory, early onset dementia, and permanent loss of smell due to brain damage and the atrophy of brain matter. "Brain fog" and problems concentrating are common complaints post-infection that have also been linked to brain damage. Damage to blood vessels due to inflammation during the infection may be responsible for this by restricting oxygen flow to the brain. COVID-19 may also directly infect the brain.

Published Research

Biology | Free Full-Text | Vascular Dysfunctions Contribute to the Long-Term Cognitive Deficits Following COVID-19 (mdpi.com) Shabani, Z., Liu, J., & Su, H. (2023).

Frontiers | COVCOG 2: Cognitive and Memory Deficits in Long COVID: A Second Publication From the COVID and Cognition Study (frontiersin.org) Guo, P., Ballesteros, B. A., Yeung, S. P., Liu, R., Saha, A., Curtis, L., Kaser, M., Haggard, M. P., & Cheke, L. G. (2022).

COVID-19 and cognitive impairment: neuroinvasive and blood‒brain barrier dysfunction - PMC (nih.gov) Chen, Y., Yang, W., Chen, F., & Cui, L. (2022).

Comparison of post-COVID depression and major depressive disorder | medRxiv Perlis, R. H., Santillana, M., Ognyanova, K., Green, J., Druckman, J., Lazer, D., & Baum, M. A. (2021).

Articles & Reports

Long COVID May Impair Memory, Cognition for Months (healthline.com) Rossiaky, D. (2022).

COVID Variants Can Affect the Brain in Different Ways - Neuroscience News (2023).

The hidden long-term cognitive effects of COVID-19 - Harvard Health Budson, A. E. (2021). Harvard Medical School.

Long Covid: Even mild Covid is linked to damage to the brain months after infection (nbcnews.com) Ryan, B. (2022). NBC News.

COVID-19 Can Affect the Brain Even Long After an Infection | Time Ducharme, J. (2023). Time.

Lung Damage

Summary: COVID-19 infections can cause lung damage or scarring, and can trigger pneumonia, bronchitis, ARDS, and sepsis. Additionally, some people experience shortness of breath (dyspnea) and difficulty exercising as a post-acute sequela after infection, or multiple infections.

Published Research

At a crossroads: COVID-19 recovery and the risk of pulmonary vascular disease - PMC (nih.gov) Cascino, T. M., Desai, A. A., & Kanthi, Y. (2021).

[Pulmonary manifestations in long COVID] - PubMed (nih.gov) Sommer, N., & Schmeck, B. (2022).

Residual Lung Abnormalities after COVID-19 Hospitalization: Interim Analysis of the UKILD Post-COVID-19 Study - PubMed (nih.gov) Stewart, I., Jacob, J., George, P. M., Molyneaux, P. L., Porter, J. C., Allen, R. J., Aslani, S., Baillie, J. K., Barratt, S. L., Beirne, P., Bianchi, S. M., Blaikley, J. F., ...Jenkins, G. R. (2023).

Articles & Reports

Even mild cases of COVID-19 may cause long-term lung damage - UPI.com HealthDay News. (2022). United Press International.

COVID-19 Lung Damage | Johns Hopkins Medicine Galiatsatos, P. (2022).

Immune System & Autoimmune Diseases

Summary: COVID-19 infection can impair the functioning of your immune system. This means that those who have previously been infected are potentially immunocompromised (higher risk). For some people, the way COVID-19 impairs their immune system results in the onset of autoimmune diseases.

“Elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines that persist more than 8 months following convalescence.” (Phetsouphanh et al., 2022)

“Crude incidence of each autoimmune disease by COVID-19 and non-COVID groups.” (Peng et al., 2023)

Published Research

Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection | Nature Immunology Phetsouphanh, C., Darley, D. R., Wilson, D. B., Howe, A., Munier, M. L., Patel, S. K., Juno, J. A., Burrell, L. M., Kent, S. J., Dore, G. J., ... & Matthews, G. V. (2022).

Long-term perturbation of the peripheral immune system months after SARS-CoV-2 infection | BMC Medicine | Full Text (biomedcentral.com) Ryan, F. J., Hope, C. M., Masavuli, M. G., Lynn, M. A., Mekonnen, Z. A., Yeow, A. E. L., Garcia-Valtanen, P., Al-Delfi, Z., Gummow, J., Furguson, C., ... Lynn, D. J. (2022).

Risk of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 and the potential protective effect from vaccination: a population-based cohort study - eClinicalMedicine (thelancet.com) Peng, K., Li, X., Yang, D., Chan, S. C. W., Zhou, J., & Wan, E. Y. F. (2023).

Long-term perturbation of the peripheral immune system months after SARS-CoV-2 infection | BMC Medicine | Full Text (biomedcentral.com) Winheim, E., Rinke, L., Lutz, K., Reischer, A., Leutbecher, A., Wolfram, L., Rausch, L., Kranich, J., Wratil, P. R., Huber, J. E., Baumjohann, D., ... Krug, A. B. (2021).

Articles & Reports

How COVID-19 Changes the Immune System | Time Park, A. (2023, August 18).

How COVID-19 alters the immune system -- ScienceDaily ScienceDaily. (2021, October 28).

Impacts of COVID on the immune system (medicalxpress.com) Herrero, L. (2022, September 19).

COVID-19's impact on the immune system, and how this may affect subsequent infections - ABC News Smith, B. (2022, December 1).

COVID-19 can derange immune system; survivors have autoimmune diseases (usatoday.com) Szabo, L. (2021, March 2).

Long COVID & PASC

Summary: Long COVID is an umbrella term that refers to the onset of disabling symptoms/conditions resulting from any of the previously mentioned organ, immune system, and vascular damage sustained during infection. These conditions are also referred to as "post-acute sequelae of COVID-19" (PASC). Vaccination can reduce the damage experienced by decreasing inflammation during an infection, but Long COVID/PASC can affect anyone. This is especially true in the case of multiple infections. Your risk of developing Long COVID, or worse/new symptoms, increases with each additional infection.

“Cumulative incidence and DALYs of postacute sequelae overall and by organ system at 2 years after infection.” (Bowe et al., 2023)

Published Research

T cell apoptosis characterizes severe Covid-19 disease - PubMed (nih.gov) André, S., Picard, M., Cezar, R., Roux-Dalvai, F., Alleaume-Butaux, A., Soundaramourty, C., Cruz, A. S., Mendes-Frias, A., Gotti, C., … Estaquier, J. (2022).

SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) | Nature Immunology Proal, A. D., VanElzakker, M. B., Aleman, S., Bach, K., Boribong, B. P., Buggert, M., Cherry, S., Chertow, D. S., Davies, H. E., Dupont, C. L., ... Wherry, E. J. (2023).

The immunology of long COVID | Nature Reviews Immunology Altmann, D. M., Whettlock, E. M., Liu, S., Arachchillage, D. J., & Boyton, R. J. (2023).

Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations | Nature Reviews Microbiology Davis, H. E., McCorkell, L., Vogel, J. M., & Topol, E. J. (2023).

Long COVID prevalence and impact on quality of life 2 years after acute COVID-19 | Scientific Reports (nature.com) Kim, Y., Bae, S., Chang, H., & Kim, S. (2023).

Postacute sequelae of COVID-19 at 2 years | Nature Medicine Bowe, B., Xie, Y., & Al-Aly, Z. (2023).

Articles & Reports

Long COVID | NIH COVID-19 Research National Institutes of Health. (2023, June 8).

Long COVID or Post-COVID Conditions | CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023, July 20).

The Most Important Question About Long COVID | Harvard Medical School Pesheva, K. (2023, August 9).

Nearly One in Five American Adults Who Have Had COVID-19 Still Have "Long COVID" (cdc.gov) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, June 22).

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Indoor Air Filtration

Last Updated September 8, 2023

HEPA Filters

How it works

Air Cleaners, HVAC Filters, and Coronavirus (COVID-19) | US EPA

Do HEPA Filters Really Catch Coronavirus Particles? | Columbia News

Can HEPA Air Purifiers Capture the Coronavirus? | Wirecutter (nytimes.com)

Published Research

Effectiveness of HEPA Filters at Removing Infectious SARS-CoV-2 from the Air - PubMed (nih.gov)

Efficacy of Portable Air Cleaners and Masking for Reducing Indoor Exposure to Simulated Exhaled SARS-CoV-2 Aerosols — United States, 2021 | MMWR (cdc.gov)

20170005166.pdf (nasa.gov)

Examples

Large

Airthereal HEPA Air Purifiers - Breathe Fresher Air - Airthereal

Honeywell Honeywell Air Purifier | Air Cleaner | Air Filters | Air Quality (honeywellstore.com)

Levoit Air Purifiers – Levoit

Bissell Personal Air Purifier | BISSELL® Air Care

Winix Air Purifiers - Winix America Inc

Blueair Blueair Lightweight & Compact Purifiers | Blueair

Small (Portable)

PureZone Mini

PureZone™ Mini Portable Air Purifier | Pure Enrichment®

Amazon.com: Pure Enrichment® PureZone™ Mini Portable Air Purifier - Cordless True HEPA Filter Cleans Air & Eliminates 99.97% of Dust, Odors, & Allergens Close to You - Cars, School, & Office (White): Home & Kitchen

LEVOIT Core Mini

Levoit Core® Mini Air Purifier (White)

Amazon.com: LEVOIT Air Purifiers for Bedroom Home, HEPA Filter Cleaner with Fragrance Sponge for Better Sleep, Filters Smoke, Allergies, Pet Dander, Odor, Dust, Office, Desktop, Portable, Core Mini, White : Home & Kitchen

Airthereal ADH70

Airthereal ADH70 Portable HEPA Air Purifier with Sleep Mode for Car, Desktop, and Bedroom, Removes Allergens, Dust, Pollen, Smoke, and Odors

Amazon.com: Airthereal ADH70 HEPA Filter Air Purifier for Desktop, Bedroom and Car with Sleep Mode, Removes Allergies, Dust, Pollen, Smoke and Odor, Type-C USB power cable, Day Dawning, White : Home & Kitchen

Fulminare

Model P05: Amazon.com: Air Purifiers for Bedroom, FULMINARE H13 True HEPA Filter, Quiet Air Cleaner With Night Light, Portable Small Air Purifier for Office Living Room, Remove 99.97% 0.01 Microns Dust, Smoke, Pollen : Home & Kitchen

Model P07: Amazon.com: FULMINARE Air Purifiers for Bedroom, H13 True HEPA Air Purifiers for Home,Pets,Office, Portable Small Air Filters with Auto Air Quality Monitoring, Quiet Air Cleaner Remove 99.97% Dust, Smoke, Pollen : Home & Kitchen

DIY MERV-13 Box

(Corsi-Rosenthal)

How it works

A type of simple, DIY air filter can be an effective way to filter out indoor air pollutants | Brown University

Science in Action: How to Build a Corsi-Rosenthal Box | College of Engineering (ucdavis.edu)

Published Research

Does Using Corsi–Rosenthal Boxes to Mitigate COVID-19 Transmission Also Reduce Indoor Air Concentrations of PFAS and Phthalates? | Environmental Science & Technology (acs.org)

Materials

Regular (20x20x2)

Filter Options

20x20x2 MERV 13 Pleated Air Filter - FilterBuy.com

20x20x2 MERV 13 Pleated AC Furnace Air Filters by Glasfloss Industries. 4 Pack - Walmart.com

Filtrete 20x20x2 Air Filter MPR 1000 MERV 11, Allergen Defense, 4 Pack (exact dimensions 19.5x19.5x1.75) - Amazon.com

Fan Options

Lasko 20 in. 3 Speeds Box Fan in White with Save-Smart Technology for Energy Efficiency, Carry Handle B20201 - The Home Depot

Mainstays 20" 3-Speed Box Fan, FB50-16HB, Black - Walmart.com

Amazon.com: Genesis 20" Box Fan, 3 Settings, Max Cooling Technology, Carry Handle, White (G20BOX-WHT) : Home & Kitchen

Amazon.com: Amazon Basics 3 Speed Box Fan, 20 Inch, Black : Home & Kitchen

Small (10x10x2)

Filter Options

10x10x2 Air Filters for AC & Furnace | Filterbuy

10x10x2 Air Filter | MERV 13 | Filter King

Fan Options

Mainstays 9 inch Personal Box Fan with 3 speeds Black - Walmart.com

Amazon.com: shinic Box Fan, 2 Speeds, 10 Inch Table Fan with Strong Airflow Cooling, Energy Efficient Small Box Fan, Air Circulation Portable Kitchen Exhaust Fan for Office Tabletop Bedroom Bathroom,white : Home & Kitchen

Amazon.com: Impress IM-719BX Box Fan, 9 Inches, White : Home & Kitchen

Amazon.com: Black + Decker 9 inches Frameless Tabletop Box Fan, White, Model Number: BFB09W : Everything Else

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COVID-19 Data Updates

Social Media Accounts

Maria Van Kerkhov

@/mvankerkhov

World Health Organization infectious disease epidemiologist & COVID-19 technical lead.

BNO News

@/BNOFeed

News organization that frequently reports on current COVID-19 events, cases, and hospitalizations in the United States.

JP Weiland

@/JPWeiland

Scientist & reputable infectious disease modeler. Utilizes wastewater data to make estimations regarding COVID-19 prevalence and transmission in the United States.

Professor Karl Lauterbach

@/Karl_Lauterbach

Germany’s Federal Minister of Health.

Eric Topol

@/EricTopol

Cardiologist & scientist. Founder and Director of Scripps Research Translational Institute. One of the top 10 most cited researchers. COVID-19 awareness & protections advocate.

Wastewater Data (USA)

Biobot Analytics: COVID-19 wastewater monitoring in the U.S. Data on Covid-19 and Mpox Wastewater Monitoring | Biobot Analytics

Hospitalizations per 100,000 (USA)

New York Times Track Covid-19 in the U.S.: Latest Data and Maps - The New York Times (nytimes.com)

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Popular High-Quality Masks

Last Updated September 8, 2023

KN95

BNX Flat Fold KN95

Color Options: Yes Size Options: Yes GB 2626-2019: Yes Manufacturer: BNX Converting, LLC

Amazon: $20.69 for 20

BNX 20-Pack KN95 Face Mask, Disposable Particulate KN95 Mask Made in USA, Protection Against Dust, Pollen and Haze (20 Pack) (Earloop) (Model: E95) White: Amazon.com: Tools & Home Improvement

KN95 Masks GB2626-2019 Archives - BNX Converting LLC.

BreatheTeq USA

Color Options: Yes Size Options: Yes (xs, s, m, l, xl) GB 2626-2019: Yes Manufacturer: BreatheTeq

BreatheTeq USA: $14.95 for 10, $69.75 for 50, $129 for 100

BreatheTeq USA - Most breathable KN95 face masks made in North America – breatheTeq

Powecom KN95

Color Options: Yes Size Options: No GB 2626-2019: Yes Manufacturer: Guangdong Languan Medical Biotechnology Co. Ltd.

Project N95: $12-$14 for 10

White: projectn95.org/products/white-kn95-powecom-ear-loop-masks/?configure%5BenablePersonalization%5D=false

Black: projectn95.org/products/powecom-kn95-black-ear-loop-masks/?configure%5BenablePersonalization%5D=false&query=powecom&page=1

Amazon: $16.47 for 10

Powecom - KN95 Face Mask, Reusable & Disposable Masks, 10 Pack: Amazon.com: Tools & Home Improvement

Well Before Flat Fold

Color Options: Yes Size Options: Yes GB 2626-2019: Yes Manufacturer: Well Before

Well Before: Price depends on model and size.

KN95 Masks - WellBefore

Project N95: $14.90 - $15.90 for 10

WellBefore Masks from Project N95

Well Before Boat Style

Color Options: Yes Size Options: Yes GB 2626-2019: Yes Manufacturer: Well Before

Well Before: Price depends on model and size.

3D (KF94 Style) KN95 Mask With & Without Adjustable Ear Loops (wellbefore.com)

Project N95: Standard $9.90 - $10.90 for 10, Adjustable $19.90 - $25.90 for 10

WellBefore Masks from Project N95

N95

3M Aura 9205

Color Options: No Size Options: No NIOSH: Yes Manufacturer: 3M

Amazon: $11.49 for 20, $126 for 440

Amazon.com: 3M Aura Particulate Respirator 9205+, N95, Pack of 20 Disposable Respirators, Individually Wrapped, 3 Panel Flat Fold Design Allows for Facial Movements, Comfortable, NIOSH Approved : Tools & Home Improvement

Office Depot: $24.69 for 20

3M Aura N95 Particulate Respirator 9205PH 20 DC Pack of 20 Respirators - Office Depot

Project N95: $33.99 for 20

projectn95.org/products/3m-company-n95-respirator-mask-9205-aura/?query=3m&page=1&configure%5BenablePersonalization%5D=false

BNX Flat Fold N95

Color Options: Yes Size Options: No NIOSH: Yes Manufacturer: BNX Converting, LLC

Amazon: $15.29 for 10, $21.59 for 20, $54.99 for 50

Amazon.com: BNX N95 Mask NIOSH Certified MADE IN USA Particulate Respirator Protective Face Mask (10-Pack, Approval Number TC-84A-9315 / Model H95W) White : Tools & Home Improvement

N95 Masks NIOSH Certified Archives - BNX Converting LLC.

BNX Trifold Boat N95

Color Options: Yes Size Options: No NIOSH: Yes Manufacturer: BNX Converting, LLC

Amazon: $21.59 for 20, $49.49 for 50

BNX N95 Mask NIOSH Certified MADE IN USA Particulate Respirator Protective Face Mask, Tri-Fold Cup/Fish Style, (20-Pack, Approval Number TC-84A-9362 / Model F95W) White: Amazon.com: Tools & Home Improvement

N95 Masks NIOSH Certified Archives - BNX Converting LLC.

Elastomeric (Reusable)

Flo Mask

Color Options: Yes Size Options: Yes (Face and Nose) Filtration: >95%

Adults

Mask: $89.99

Filters: $59.99 for 50

Flo Mask for Adults (KN95)

Kids (Ages 4-12)

Mask: $49.99

Filters: $24.99 for 25

Flo Mask for Kids

Certification Type

GB 2626-2019 (KN95)

95% or higher filtration. Other specific standards set by China. Typically manufactured and certified in China. Some are designed and manufactured in North America.

https://www.projectn95.org/kn95-mask-guide/

https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/NDA4MTMxMzYz

NIOSH (N95)

95% or higher filtration. Other specific standards set by the United States. Manufactured and certified in the United States.

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2021-124/pdfs/2021-124.pdf

Other

Labels that indicate set standards, manufacture, and certification in other countries.

https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/osha/osha20200403-2

https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2020-04-03-0

Filtration Test Results

CDC

International Assessment Results | NPPTL | NIOSH | CDC

Third-Party (Mask Nerd)

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1M0mdNLpTWEGcluK6hh5LjjcFixwmOG853Ff45d3O-L0/htmlview#gid=1976839763

#covid #covidー19 #long covid #covid pandemic #covid19 #covid isn't over #covid 19 #mask #face mask #mask up

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c19library · 9 months

Text

Affordable High-Quality Masks

Last Updated September 4, 2023 (Note: Some products on this list occasionally change prices, and I may not have updated the price yet.)

KN95

WWDOLL KN95

Color Options: Yes Size Options: Yes GB 2626-2019: Yes Manufacturer: Chengde Technology Co. Filtration Test (Adults): 98.63% (Mask Nerd) Filtration Test (Kids): 98.50% (Armbrust)

Adults

Amazon: $17.77 for 25, $13.02 - $22.27 for 50

Amazon.com: WWDOLL KN95 Face Mask 25 Pack, 5-Layers Mask Protection, Breathable KN95 Masks White : Clothing, Shoes & Jewelry

Amazon.com: KN95 Face Mask 50 Pack, WWDOLL KN95 Masks 5-Layer Breathable Mask with Elastic Earloop and Nose Bridge Clip, Disposable Respirator Protection Against PM2.5 Black : Tools & Home Improvement

Kids

Amazon: $17.77 - $24.74 for 50

Amazon.com: WWDOLL Kids KN95 Face Mask 50 Pack, 5-Layers Breathable KN95 Masks for Children, Black : Tools & Home Improvement

WWDOLL Kid KN95 Face Mask 50 Pack, 5-Layers Breathable KN95 Masks, Multicolored - Amazon.com

Hotodeal KN95

Color Options: Yes Size Options: No GB 2626-2019: Yes Manufacturer: Chengde Technology Co. Filtration Test: 99.67% (Armbrust)

Amazon: $34.19 for 60, $43.69 for 120

Amazon.com: Hotodeal KN95 Face Mask 20 PCS,5 Layers Cup Dust Mask Against PM2.5 from Fire Smoke, Dust, for Men, Women, Essential Workers(White) : Tools & Home Improvement

HUHETA KN95

Color Options: Yes Size Options: Yes GB 2626-2019: Uncertain (Assume No) Manufacturer: Guangdong Nuokang Medical Technology CO., Ltd Filtration Test (Adults): 99.70% (Armbrust) Filtration Test (Kids): No data

Adults

Amazon: $11.39 - $14.25 for 30, $14.39 - $21.84 for 60

HUHETA KN95 Face Masks, Packs of 30 Individually Wrapped, 5-Ply Breathable and Comfortable Safety Mask, Filter Efficiency Over 95%, Protective Cup Dust Masks Against PM2.5 (Black Mask): Amazon.com: Tools & Home Improvement

HUHETA KN95 Face Mask 60 PCs, 5-Ply Safety Masks for Men & Women, Filter Efficiency>=95% (Black Mask): Amazon.com: Tools & Home Improvement

Kids

Amazon: $11.39 - $14.24 for 30

Kids KN95 Face Masks for Children, Packs of 30 KN95 Mask for Kids, KN95 Black Mask for Girls Boys with Breathable 5-Layers Protection and Adjustable Earloop for School, Park, Indoor, Outdoor Use: Amazon.com: Tools & Home Improvement

NOTE: If a KN95 mask is too big for you, or you can feel air leaks when worn, there are products that can bring the ear loops further behind your head or tighten the front for a better seal. N95s are recommended first for an improved fit/seal if you can access them.

Examples:

Fix the Mask: https://www.fixthemask.com

Lanyard: Amazon.com: ZASIE Face Mask Holder, Face Mask Lanyard for Kids and Adults, Face Mask Extender Strap Holder, Face Mask Tightener, 5 Pack : Clothing, Shoes & Jewelry

Silicone Buttons: Amazon.com: 4 PCS Extended Silicone Bands Anti-Tightening Strap for Masks to Prevent Ear Pain,Adjustable Comfort mask Grips Extension Buckle Holder Hook Ear Strap,4 Color : Health & Household

Velcro: Amazon.com: Maskie Face Mask Holder, Ultra-Light and Breathable Mask Ear Saver with Adjustable Gripper, Comfortable Mask Strap, Wear It in Multiple Ways, Reusable Mask Extenders/Ear Savers, 2.9 g - URSA Straps : Health & Household

N95

Blox Duckbill N95

Color Options: No Size Options: No NIOSH: Yes Manufacturer: ivWatch

Blox Direct: $12.50 for 50 (~$28 after shipping + tax)

blox N95 (part BLX-9501, medical use) | BloxDirect.com

Project N95: $15 for 50 (~$30 after shipping + tax)

Duckbill Blox N95 Masks Universal (projectn95.org)

3M Aura 9205

Color Options: No Size Options: No NIOSH: Yes Manufacturer: 3M

Amazon: $12 for 20, $129.99 for 440

3M VFlex 9105

Color Options: No Size Options: Yes NIOSH: Yes Manufacturer: 3M

Office Depot: $28.59 - $30.39 for 50

Standard: 3M VFlex Particulate Respirators 9105 N95 White Pack Of 50 Respirators - Office Depot

Small: 3M VFlex Particulate Respirators 9105S N95 White Pack Of 50 Respirators - Office Depot

Honeywell DF300

Color Options: No Size Options: No NIOSH: Yes Manufacturer: Honeywell

Amazon: $34.24 for 50

Amazon.com: Honeywell Safety DF300 N95 Flatfold Disposable Respirator- Box of 50, White,One Size : Tools & Home Improvement

Donations (Free)

Project N95 has a free mask program for those in need. https://www.projectn95.org/free-masks/

—————————————————————

Certification Type

GB 2626-2019 (KN95)

95% or higher filtration. Other specific standards set by China. Usually manufactured and certified in China.

https://www.projectn95.org/kn95-mask-guide/

https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/NDA4MTMxMzYz

NIOSH (N95)

95% or higher filtration. Other specific standards set by the United States. Manufactured and certified in the United States.

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2021-124/pdfs/2021-124.pdf

Other

Labels that indicate set standards, manufacture, and certification in other countries.

https://www.dol.gov/newsroom/releases/osha/osha20200403-2

https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2020-04-03-0

Filtration Test Results

CDC Testing

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/respirators/testing/NonNIOSHresults.html

Third-Party Testing

Mask Nerd: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1M0mdNLpTWEGcluK6hh5LjjcFixwmOG853Ff45d3O-L0/htmlview#gid=1976839763

Armbrust: Comprehensive Mask Testing – Armbrust American (armbrustusa.com)

#covid #covid pandemic #long covid #covidー19 #covid19 #covid 19 #covid isn't over #coronavirus #pandemic #mask #face mask #mask up

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