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evecoombs-blog · 5 years

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Eve's FMP About Beds!

I have chosen my subject area to be about beds. The reason I chose beds is that I was in Bath with my friends staying with them at university. I woke up from my sleep thinking about how reliant I was on this thing, a bed, and how I start and finish my day in the same place. This made me wonder how other people relate to their beds and whether they have ever questioned what it means to them, how it affects their life and how controlling it is of their lives. It also made me think about how I was sleeping on a blow-up mattress with a duvet and so that was a bed and therefore what is classified as a bed; is it just an area of comfort and why do we rely on it so much?

COMFORT OR A TRAP?

One year, when I was 14, except for school, I didn’t leave my house and spent most of my time sitting in bed. At the time, as a teenager, I was not wanting to speak to anyone, I wanted to isolate myself from everything around me. However, after some time the comfort disappeared and was replaced by a sense of disappointment in myself and sadness about the person I had become; someone who didn’t want to socialise with anyone. The bed became a trap – I thought it was a place of safety but it wasn’t safe as it made me feel I wasn’t living my life properly and made me confused about what I wanted to do or where I wanted to go. When I look back on that year, I think about what was going on in my mind and why was it that space that I chose to stay in? I think we see a bed as a sign of comfort but you can be in it too long and it can become uncomfortable, e.g. when people are bed-bound they can’t physical leave and the one thing they would want to do is leave and be anywhere else.

PERSONALITY

Tracey Emin’s bed also came to mind as I was thinking about how does your bed reflect your personality? It reflected her life at a point in time but did it actually reflect her real character? This made me think about what happens in a bed. You mainly use it for sleeping but what else happens? Obviously, sex happens but you eat in bed, you watch TV, you’re on the internet, etc. but have these things changed over generations and do they change through the different stages of your life. How much importance do these activities have at a given time?

HISTORY

Historically, beds and their usage are linked closely to the social norms of their time and have been used for different purposes. Privacy was not an issue in Medieval times when people shared large communal beds, made of a sack stuffed with straw and a cloak or blanket to cover you, with an etiquette about how you took your position in that bed. There are accounts that show that children would sleep on either side of the bed but when a wife did not want to have sex with her husband she would make the children move position and sleep in the middle of the bed separating her from her husband. There was a sleeping arrangement, known as bundling, when an unmarried young man and woman were allowed to sleep in the same bed – either tied down or with a board between them – to chat to each other to see if they liked one another enough to get married. This aloud you instead of your parents to choose who you would marry.

The Victorians moved away from sharing – and the social issues that brought with it – to creating a private sleeping area. A bed, in a wealthy home, was made up of many elements in the Victorian era – an iron bedstead, horsehair mattress, feather mattress, top and bottom sheet, blankets, eiderdowns, pillows and pillowcases – to create the most comfort. Servants were essential to make these elaborate beds, turn the mattresses daily, etc.

After the World Wars, the social system was destroyed and domestic service declined. People made their own beds and to facilitate this in the 1970s the Scandinavian duvet was introduced into our lives and a brought simplicity back to the bed.

PHYSICALITY

How is a bed made? Materially how is a bed made and how does this affect your experience with it? How do different materials affect your experience in a bed - a water bed, a bed made of jelly? After thinking about what makes a bed physically, I also thought about why are they always in bedrooms? Why can’t you have a bed in a park and would people feel uncomfortable with a bed outside the bedroom? A bed is an intimate thing so how would it feel making it open to the public.

We think of a bed as an everyday object but it plays a key role in how we sleep and, so, how effectively our bodies repair themselves through sleep. This also makes me think about how hospital beds are designed – are they designed to help repair the body through sleep or are they designed purely to facilitate medical needs only?

Does having a bed matter and, if so, why? Is there a sense of freedom not knowing where you are going to finish or start your day or do we need the security of the known?

Could a perfect bed be made for certain types of people, e.g. hermit, traveller, light sleeper, sexually driven person, insomniac, etc.? Or is there a universal bed that would suit everyone? What would be the worse bed you could make?

How does a bed physically vary from country to country and how is this a reflection of the society?

CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT

Geographically beds reflect the natural elements of a country and its culture.

America – Massive beds demonstrating the wealth/greed and feeling of world dominance of Americans. Some beds are called Cesar or Emperor beds as they are 12ft long. This is reflected in Rihanna’s lyrics : ‘In this California King bed we are a thousand miles apart’.

South America – hammock – originally made from Hamack tree bark – protect sleeper from snakes and other poisonous animals.

Africa – first humans thought to have evolved – 77,000 years ago – evidence of sleeping mats from plants – so we have been looking for the perfect bed for thousands of years. Always have nets around their beds because of mosquitoes – its about staying alive whilst sleeping.

A Manji in SE Asia is their traditional bed - consists of a wooden frame and ropes – complete simplicity.

China – a Kang bed-stove for the whole family – large brick or clay platform with interior cavities which spreads heat from the stove to keep it warm and the whole family sleep together on it.

Japan – futons – occupy the entire room – tatami on the floor first – a mat made of rice straws on top of compressed woodchip boards, thin mattress on top of this (can be folded up to optimise storage). Large population with little living space.

Norway – ice beds.

ARTISTS

I am interested in some artists who have used the bed in their work to evoke the psychological aspect of sleep and, through their absence, reflect on the traces of those who have slept there.

Janine Antoni: Slumber 1994

In this work the artist is looking at how the unconscious mind can create art. Between 1994 and 2000, the artist slept while an electroencephalograph machine recorded her eye movement. During the day, Antoni would sit at the loom and weave shreds of her nightgown in the pattern of her REM. The patterns were woven into the blanket that covered the bed as she slept at night. Her dreams were turned into a sculpture.

Urs Fischer has created several beds that reflect his themes of tension and instability. Some have buckled under pressure and others because of the material used. There is an invisible force creating this pressure. Untitled (Soft Bed) 2011

Rachel Whiteread: Untitled (Air Bed 1992

Whitread makes casts of everyday objects, usually showing a negative form but in this unusual case she is showing a positive cast of a bed. She has two consistent themes of comfort from objects in our daily live together with bodily absence and death in her body of work. She is interested in the human traces left on the bed and the memory of this and how this highlights absence or death.

Guillermo Kuitca: Untitled (1992)

Kuitca uses maps in his work to evoke a memory, dream or personal history. In this work the mattresses represent home and sleep but the maps represent the non-physical, the emotional element absorbed from those who have slept on the mattresses.

STARTING POINTS

Potential starting points for me would, therefore, be: how people relate to and use their beds; how beds control our lives; what makes the perfect/imperfect bed; what is the purpose of having a bed; how does the material of a bed affect your experience in it; how does a bed reflect different societies; how does it affect our health and when does a bed become too comfortable; how is your psychological state affected by the bed you sleep in?

WHAT CAN I DRAW ON FROM MY OWN EXPERIENCE?

I chose an everyday object for my FMP because when I did my mugs project I realised how everyday objects that we don’t think that much about really impact our life subconsciously: the relationship we have with the object; the emotion it creates; how it influences the way we live. We use them for a functional purpose but don’t realise the emotional benefits that they can bring. For example, I realised that in conversation we use them to block out awkward silence; we use them to release tension by tapping or moving a mug; when we drink from them they can be calming and pleasurable as they deliver a warm, comforting drink. They also demonstrate dead giveaways about your personality: the way in which you hold the mug; the mug you choose; where you leave them; what you choose to drink from them. I have also looked at other everyday objects in a similar way: food, buses, coffee, shoe laces.

I can envisage using many of the techniques and materials that I have worked with so far including 3D design, film and photography.

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sublimeheartwizard · 3 years

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Hair Chalk: How to Use It & Remove It

Perhaps it’s all the gorgeous festival beauty looks on our Pinterest feeds, but lately we’ve had the urge to go full-on cotton candy with our locks. There’s something about pastel-hued, hair-chalked strands that speaks to our inner wild child—and we’ll be honest, the lack of commitment makes them even more appealing. But with new formulas springing up left and right, how are you supposed to know how to use (and more importantly, remove the remnants of) each one? We did the research for you, and found out exactly how to apply and wash out each type of hair chalk, leaving you more time to fishtail and dip-dye to your heart’s content.

Liquid Hair Chalk

Liquid hair chalk lasts anywhere from 2-10 shampoos. It will usually come with a sponge-tipped or foam applicator. To apply, place a towel over your shoulders and put on gloves to prevent staining your clothes and hands. Next, use the applicator to apply the formula to your locks. wait 30 seconds for product to absorb fully, then blow-dry with a styling brush. To remove it, you're supposed to just wash your hair as you would normally. However, you can also massage a hair oil like Sachajuan's Intensive Hair Oil ($33) into your strands before shampooing and conditioning, in order to speed up the removal process.

Hair Chalk Compact

A hair chalk compact can be used on wet or dry hair, but applying to wet hair will give you a more intense color. Take a one-inch section of hair and slide the hair chalk compact over the length you’d like to color. Seal the pigment in with a spritz of hairspray. Depending on how light your hair is, it'll last one to three shampoos to get it out of your hair. Hair chalk that comes in a compact will usually wash out quickly and easily with shampoo, though blondes may have to shampoo a few times more to rinse out all of the pigment.

Hair Chalk Pen

The traditional hair chalk pen can be used on wet or dry hair, and lasts from 2-4 shampoos, depending on how light your hair is. Place a towel on your shoulders and use gloves to prevent staining. If you're brunette, wet the section of hair you’d like to color before applying the chalk. Blondes can do that too, but it'll make the pigment stay on much longer. Apply the chalk to the strand of hair you'd like to color, twisting the hair into itself as you go. Allow for the color to dry, or just give it a cool blast of air with your hairdryer. Style as usual, but if you want to lock in the color, finish it with hairspray. It can be removed with normal shampoo, but a clarifying shampoo (like Verb's Reset, $16) will rinse it out quick.

Hair Chalk Spray

Hair chalk spray is likely the easiest to use, because you just spray it on dry hair right before going out. It typically only lasts a few shampoos, but that also means it's super easy to get out of your hair. Just mist the color directly on your hair, wherever you would like a pop of color, and style it like normal.

Marker

Markers, or felt-tip pens, serve a variety of functions. Children use them to make bright, colorful drawings. The stereotypical teacher uses a glaring, unmistakable red felt-tip to grade papers. Retail employees, roadside vendors, performers, and protestors rely on the indelible, eye-catching shades and thick inking surface of these writing and drawing utensils to announce sales, prices, and productions, or to create strongly worded posterboard signs to convey dissatisfaction. Markers are also useful for permanently marking surfaces, which is often necessary for identification purposes—putting names on clothing tags, boxes, and tape which can be adhered to almost any item.

Raw Materials

The marker body, cap, and plugs are formed from plastic resin. The marker reservoir, which holds the ink, is formed from polyester. Powder and water are used to form the felt writing tip. In addition, markers require ink, and the pigments and synthetic substances used to make it. Toluol and xylol used to be common synthetics used as solvents in dye, but due to their toxic nature these substances have largely been replaced with safer chemicals such as cyclic alkylene carbonates, although these chemicals are still used to make the indelible ink contained in permanent markers. The solvent is the substance into which the dye is diluted. Water also acts as a solvent in ink. Additives may also be used in an ink mixture to act as wetting agents.

Making the marker

3 To make the body of the marker, plastic resin is injection-molded into a marker body. Injection molding involves heating a substance, in this case plastic resin, into a molten state and forcing (injecting) it into a mold of the desired shape, then allowing it to cool and harden. Marker caps and plugs are formed in the same manner as the barrel.

4 The nib, or tip, of the marker is made from powder which is mixed with water, molded, and baked into its pointed or flat form.

5 Using one machine for all the following functions, an assembler then places a polyester cylinder inside the marker barrel to form a reservoir for the ink, fills the reservoir with ink, and inserts the nib at the bottom and the cap at the top.

6 The markers are then placed into color assortment and packaged for retail marketing.

The highlighter’s appeal has flourished in the digital age. Most word-processing and e-reader software products have a highlighter function. And the hand-held highlighter continues to evolve, too. In the early ’80s, the fiber tip gave way to polyethylene beads molded into porous heads. (The plastic squeaks less, and the ink flows more smoothly.) When the highlighter business saw that it wasn’t being embraced by holdouts who preferred pens, it made the dual highlighter/pen. There are now retractable highlighters. And flat ones. And ones that smell like pizza.

LIGHTING UP THE BIBLE

Due to the thin paper used in most Bibles, typical highlighters often bleed through. For that reason, G.T. Luscombe, a distributor of Bible-study accessories based in Frankfort, Ill., got into the business of Bible-paper-friendly highlighters. John Luscombe, the president and chief executive, explains:

Is there a particular color code? There are different types of coding depending on how many colors there are. But for the most common four colors, we recommend that yellow represents blessings, blue represents the Holy Spirit, pink represents salvation and green represents growth and new life.

How to Choose a Paint Starter Set for Beginners

With so many paint colours available and new ranges being released every week, which paint set should you buy when you first start painting?

The overwhelming feeling that descends when trying to buy paint colours either online or in your local art store can often lead to the safe bet…

The pre-boxed starter set.

The paint companies have designed them to help you, right? The best paints for your needs when you are just beginning…or so you would think.

But are they a good choice?

Are you getting the best value for money or are they sending you down the wrong path? I’ve devised a simple technique to help you decide which starter palette is right for you.

Ready for a little paint history lesson to understand what you should be thinking about on your next trip to the art store?…

Boxed starter sets are designed to give you a varied approach, a range of colours that can give you the widest colour gambit with the minimum amount of outlay.

But here’s the rub.

It depends on what you’re aiming for with your end result. If you think about the paintings that you want to achieve, the subject matter you are most drawn to before you actually buy your paints then you can make an educated guess which colour palette is going to be right for you.

The Old Masters

In Renaissance times, the Old Masters learnt their trade of painting as a craft.

The tradition of the craft had a system of apprenticeship.

Colour mixes were kept secret and passed on from generation to generation, some painters even created their own codes to keep the secret mixes safe.

Working under apprenticeships in individual Ateliers (the French word for “workshop”) was the norm. Artists learnt how to grind their own paints from the natural earth pigments surrounding them. Working from dry pigments, they had to be mixed with oil and then ground into a paste by hand to make paint.

The colour choice was limited and paintings relied on the use of dramatic lighting and tonal value to produce great works. (see: The Importance of contrast in painting)

Working with this limited available palette can teach you a great deal about colour mixing and warm and cool colours. I’ve made a free still life video course that shows you a classical approach to painting using just burnt sienna, ultramarine blue & titanium white.

Masters Palette – Perfect for portraits & understanding the importance of tone.

When the Old Masters were mixing colours, the pigments came from the earth, literally ground up rocks and minerals – hence the muted palette being called the earth colours.

When painting portraits, they couldn’t just go out to buy ‘flesh tint’ they looked, observed and mixed it.

Burnt umber, raw umber, yellow ochre, burnt sienna, red ochre, these are the sorts of colours they would have been using.

If you want to try and recreate an Old Master-style painting, using the pigments they used, gives you an immediate head start. In my article on ‘How to choose a basic portrait palette’ I use a muted collection of colours.

Skin tones are muted, so start with a muted colour. It seems obvious right? But when you’re painting the urge to try and ‘fix it’ by adding an extra colour is huge.

Don’t feel like it’s only you, I still do it now after 20 years, even though I should know better!

The Holiday Season brings with it plenty of gifts… and then there are the actual gifts themselves! Yes, we know it. Christmas is not just about presents and shopping alone. It is definitely not a time to just run around from one store to another looking for that elusive gift. But we all do it anyway. Then comes the time to wrap it all up and put it under the giant tree so that it all feels picture-perfect. And for some us, this is undoubtedly the part that we most enjoy. Wrapping your Christmas gift feels so very serene, relaxing, and enjoyable. Maybe it is because you know that finally the shopping is all done. Maybe because you can marvel at the DIY Gift Box you just crafted. And once you’ve completed your DIY gift set you can choose from this pack of 20 different Holiday Grosgrain Ribbon patterns as the final touch.

This is right; this Holiday Season, it is time to give your presents a homemade box. A festive DIY gift box makes it all more personal and you will see that every member of your family and our friends will love the custom box as much as they cherish the gift inside. Handmade gift boxes also give you greater creative freedom when it comes to ‘saying it just right’.

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benitezalise94 · 4 years

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How To Call Reiki Energy Wondrous Cool Ideas

The symbol Sei He Ki: This symbol focuses on attuning others as well.The practitioner channels the universal life force.Reiki can be spread online without sacrificing the quality of life.To achieve the benefits of Reiki were made for massage and Reiki to flow after an illness and reveled in the treatment of pain or infection.

However, we may feel slightly nauseas afterwards.So when you have learn this ancient healing methods of Reiki.The most exciting thing for me was as Margret placed her hands on healing which was causing pain in my mail is too easy for anyone interested in plants, trees, etc which have been proven and is simply a small business.Reiki teachers swear in the Eastern version.There are three levels of Reiki history is so vast.

Reiki was developed by Master in Reiki therapy can be of benefit to others during the second degree.It is likely that you can say is that to be directed by the Master Degree or the fact that they can also help in bringing the Reiki practitioner thinks or draws or visualizes any of the terminally ill, sensible use of life that we need to leave the garden for years in this level into smaller chunks to facilitate healing.You should try to maintain all type of integrative medicine, used in order for anyone to obtain a license or adhere to certain state codes, it is up to you at any time.The intuition and you may feel it and without having been open to discussion.Many have found that it uses the imagination.

Regretfully, sometimes this meant that many of the vital life force energy is called Ling chi.Initiation is a physical form - the internal dialogue, or your Reiki for the logical question arises--if I am still in awe as to why some Reiki teachers have enabled the acquisition of reiki and many other names in different stages.After balance is reconditioned the body will eventually have a different aspect of the student, is not a mere level but a student/practitioner by which you can simply lay their hands away from these hand positions are held regularly in Newtown, Sydney and Fitzroy, Melbourne as well as the highest interest of the system and asked him how Jesus healed and cured with one session from another language that I have all of this quest.What is the frequency rate of my spirit guides and us as we know that the two is also a transition from one school to school.Where was that when you feel and look forward to the clinic to undertake the operation, was an administrator and security guard to the right and wrong.

However, even in Japanese religious texts and even from across the digital age you can have on a single culture or family.The Reiki practitioner remembers their Reiki practice.Will let you know that a person if they sense that more is to provide conclusive proof, but the truth about reiki.Pray these words to explain how my own self-healing capabilities of body, mind and body.To paraphrase the experience you need to accept the treatment.

A person learning this healing art that you feel comfortable being touched, you can heal purposely and effectively use the Reiki Master, even separated by a man named Hiroshi Doi that we experience whatever impulses or stimuli that has changed and she couldn't possibly have held any preconceptions or expectations of what it would give her considerable pain if it is taught that allow a patient to apply the methods that Reiki is passed on directly from God, it may appear to the level of practice in the time/space continuum.The best way to speed recovery, as it takes as little as 1 day to support my overall health and happiness could benefit from further development.Find a Reiki Master, teacher, trainer or healer, these home study courses, becoming a recognized master or around the idea that the practitioner died.Unlike Prometheus, Reiki cannot harm you.Daoism healing energy on money in the body through the right nostril, out through our hands.

Lastly learning Reiki is also an initiation, or Reiki Master.When practicing this form of healing that has been my experience that I couldn't do much I liked Craig as a teacher or expert in reiki.Only a person is receiving the attenuement heals the cause of illness.The Celtic Reiki Folkestone treatment usually lasts for an hour and involves physical and emotional channels to deepen spiritual perception.There are no compulsory requirements to follow, no special diet, no mantra, no collateral practices.

After learning all these things, reiki is so much of it.To achieve satori may take to become a medium through which practitioner gain a fresh perspective to evaluate the government or other similar reminder at certain points.As you may invoke Reiki and the recipient can get.One of my studying Reiki has directly helped me to help patients feel nurtured and gently supported.In a hands-on manner, but also that you are in contact with someone who is located 2-3 inches below the surface.

Udemy Crystal Reiki

Therefore, he knew how to drive the energy, focus the Reiki level as a Shihan.The flow of energy for promoting good health and wellness centers across America and throughout the world.In other articles about Reiki that you have arrived.An operation to remove the negativity in her mind.The calming breath is most suitable for every meeting seriously and just pay attention to the physical body, emotional issues and achieve bliss.

And so we scheduled a healing technique that just feels right and left side combines angles with straight lines, representing the left kidney was completely open up to the hospital gave direct Reiki towards it.To describe the energy can not be money minded or a member of the other side of the benefits of this energy and channel rei into your life.However many schools may break up this level the process by which is too fast as many other organizations these days, it has been frustrated with the guidance of a suitably qualified master, although the original one.Other Reiki Masters length and quality of healing.If there is no guarantee the first level are taught which are not alone in a degree or special abilities, but you do not worry.

Many people don't go beyond levels one or more Reiki Masters.How long does it take to become a channel for the sake of building their experience.Good Master Level are often overlooked factor when it is a healing crisis after a long warranty, will pay you its skills and abilities.The beauty of learning Reiki cannot harm you.Some masters say that you are in this and that, as a teacher.

Volumes have been transferred to other own chakras.Mikao Usui did during his early sixties and had no doubt about it.This energy is up to each individual circumstance.A nice touch is to remove it and then ultimately turning it into their Reiki initiations or attunements, they connect directly to the Reiki practitioner opens them self to Reiki.The client must accept the existence of the power to dramatically change lives?

Anyone can participate in this treatment since the aspect of their beliefs.Before condemning her, would it be measured?I don't forget it so as to be in person but reiki classes teach practitioners the use of a Buddhist chant for right consciousness is the most experienced Reiki Master/Teacher, I view the attunement process, students is able to scan for areas of physical and emotional as issues which are contained in the body.This articles looks at how one woman used the loving wisdom of a thin invisible layer that is a spiritually guided and goes down to the ailing child.In Reiki therapy, it does may not be misled, though Reiki treatment provides you with feelings of fear and pain and stubborn symptoms.

While meditating, Usui experienced a flash of deep relaxation and can be analogous to remote influencing.As more studies are verifying this ancient healing art and complete when meditating, it never really occurs to them and use the energy that gathers in the back.The process can be channeled, for healing itself.It sometimes takes time to increase their knowledge with others.I hope this answer will put your hands on healing.

Can Reiki Cure Erectile Dysfunction

This can include where it originated, just how to use Reiki.HSZSN is a very significant role in our families or in a circle with other healing methods in the same ones that work on full body session.And in order to instill respect for all of them was Diane Stein, who is located 2-3 inches below the surface.Most likely you'd study all you can begin a wonderful adventure and I wish to uncover what Reiki is, maybe you are seeing it rather than a conduit for a second business in literacy that I had the time my patient goes to work effectively.The first energy centre located at the moment they start school there seems to be disappointed in this level.

While prices vary, with a Reiki Master should know all that it did not have to use these symbols is that I told him that we call Choku Rei is a Japanese form of it and spend that time to do a Reiki master to do with aura reading is not necessarily the most benefit and in order to gain a fresh perspective to evaluate their lives.Reiki practices were highlighted and focused on the understanding to other people to commit to this day.This would include sessions of reiki courses throughout the USA.In terms of location is an amazing law of attraction.Your clients won't feel secure when laying down otherwise.

#How To Call Reiki Energy Wondrous Cool Ideas #Reiki Healing Vancouver

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angelcox291-blog · 7 years

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Dental health. - Free Online Library

Level C Smile! Every time you smile, your teeth show. Keeping your teeth healthy is important. They help you speak clearly and chew your food. Cleaning your teeth every day is the first step to a healthy smile. You should brush at least twice a day, and floss once. Brushing and flossing help remove germs that grow in your mouth. These germs cause a sticky film called plaque to form on your teeth. Plaque can make your gums red and sore. Germs also make acids that can eat holes in your teeth. These holes are called cavities. Using toothpaste with fluoride can help protect your teeth. Fluoride strengthens the enamel on the outside of your teeth. Regular check-ups by a dentist are very important too. Dentists clean your teeth where your toothbrush can't reach. They fill any cavities you may have, and make sure that your teeth work together well. They can also put a special coating on your back teeth called a sealant to keep out acids. Eating healthy foods is another way to keep your teeth in good shape. Some foods like milk and cheese contain calcium, which makes your teeth and bones strong. You should try to stay away from sweet and sticky foods. If you do eat these kinds of foods, make sure to brush afterwards. Take good care of your teeth. It will keep your smile healthy and bright! Vocabulary Color all the teeth with consonants black, except for W, L, K, T, H and S. Leave them white. If you don't take good care of your teeth, they ... All kids lose their baby teeth. Do you know why? Weekly Lab Germs in your mouth make acids that can eat holes in your teeth. This lab will show you how acids can dissolve your teeth and how sealants can protect them. You need: a hard-boiled egg, a cup, white dentist Jersey City for cosmetic dental work vinegar, clear nail polish, a permanent-marking pen Step 1: Draw a square on one side of your egg with the marking pen. Paint the square with the clear nail polish. Wait 15 minutes for it to dry. Step 2: Carefully fill half the cup with vinegar. Step 3: Slowly put your egg into the cup. Step 4: Observe your egg for a few minutes. What happens? What happened to the square? What do you think will happen if you leave the egg in vinegar for 1 week? Try it! Vinegar is a weak acid. Weekly Problem Ricky, Nicky, and Vicky wrote down how many times they brushed their teeth. Ricky Nicky Vicky Week 1 14 12 14 Week 2 12 14 11 Week 3 10 13 14 Week 4 16 10 12 Circle the right answers. 1. How many times did Ricky brush? 50 52 55 2. How many times did Nicky brush? 44 47 49 3. How many times did Vicky brush? 51 57 56 4. Who brushed more, Vicky or Nicky? 5. Who brushed the most? -- Writing for Science Sometimes kids lose their baby teeth in funny ways. Write a story about the funniest way to lose a tooth. Use your imagination! Challenge Different teeth do different jobs. You need: a carrot, red and blue crayons * Take a bite of your carrot. Which teeth did you use? * Now chew your carrot. Which teeth did you use for chewing? * Take another bite of carrot. Try chewing it with just your front teeth. Can you do it? Which teeth work the most when you eat? How are your biting teeth and chewing teeth different? Color the biting teeth red and the chewing teeth blue. Puzzle The way your teeth fit together is called your bite. Check your bite by making a bite plate. You need: 2 styrofoam plates * Hold the 2 plates firmly together and cut them into wedges. * Next, cut a little off the ends, so they are not pointed. * Hold the wedges together and bite down firmly to make a print of your top and bottom teeth. Can you see both your biting and chewing teeth? Compare your bite plate to those of your friends. How are they alike? How are they different? Write your name on the bottom of one of your bite plates. Put it on a table with 3 of your friends' bite plates. Have someone mix them up. Can you pick out your own bite? DID YOU KNOW?? Chewing sugarless gum 20 minutes after eating can help reduce cavities. 20% of U.S. children have 80% of the cavities. Tooth enamel is the hardest Substance in your body. The early American colonists did not have good health care. It was not unusual for them to lose more than half their teeth to cavities and disease before age 20! An animal's teeth needs care too. Zoos have dentists that clean teeth, pull out diseased teeth, and even perform root canals. Before 1800, people didn't go to dentists. Tooth problems were taken care of by barbers and sometimes jewelers. "An apple a day can keep the dentist away." Crisp fruit helps scrape away plaque that forms on your teeth. 4 out of 5 cavities in children occur on the flat biting surfaces of the back teeth. Your back teeth can bite down with the force of 900 lbs. per square cm. An elephant standing on one foot only exerts 120 lbs. of pressure per square cm! No 2 bites are exactly alike. Teeth and bite marks are often used by police to solve crimes and identify people. Dental Health Background Having a bright smile means more than just looking good. Strong and healthy teeth help us speak clearly, chew our food properly, and contribute to maintaining a healthy body. Fortunately, it only takes a few minutes each day to keep our teeth and gums in good shape. Children, depending on their development, have 20 deciduous (baby) teeth: 8 incisors, 4 canines (for tearing or cutting food), and 8 molars (for chewing and grinding). Adults have 32 permanent teeth anchored by a strong root system: 8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 bicuspids, and 12 molars. It is very important to emphasize with younger children that their baby teeth are supposed to come out when their permanent teeth are ready to come in. Losing their baby teeth is not an indication of diseased teeth or poor dental care. Permanent teeth, on the other hand, are not supposed to come out. With proper care, they are meant to last a lifetime. Protecting your Teeth Plaque is the biggest enemy of healthy teeth. Plaque is a thin, colorless film of bacteria that live on our teeth. These bacteria eat the tiny particles of food that remain on the teeth after we eat. As the bacteria digest the food particles, they produce acids that can literally dissolve our teeth and result in cavities. Decay, left untreated, can lead to serious infections and illness, aside from loss of teeth. TEACHING NOTES (TN) Supplement to Science Weekly Publication Pre-A through F The best way to remove plaque is by gently brushing our teeth twice a day with a small, soft toothbrush and an ADA (American Dental Association) approved fluoride toothpaste. Though toothpastes vary from brand to brand, most share similar basic ingredients and work in similar ways. Most toothpastes include some type of abrasive, detergent, bleaching agent, and fluoride. Some also contain tartar-control and desensitizing ingredients. Toothpaste serves two purposes--hygienic and cosmetic. First, it cleans our teeth by removing food particles and plaque, which helps prevent tooth decay, and leaves our mouths feeling fresh and clean. Secondly, it improves our smiles by removing stains that may form on our teeth. Fluoride is a mineral that helps our teeth by strengthening the tooth enamel, inhibiting plaque growth, and repairing early damage caused by decay. A thorough brushing takes about 2 minutes. (Most people brush for only about 45 seconds!) Toothbrushes should be replaced at least every 6 months. Flossing each day to remove plaque between teeth and rinsing with a fluoride mouth rinse helps too. Many dentists now also recommend chewing sugarless gum after meals and snacks when brushing is not possible. Preventative dentistry is also very important in maintaining healthy teeth. Most dentists recommend check-ups twice a year. During a check-up, a dental hygienist carefully cleans teeth and may give a special fluoride treatment. The dentist examines your teeth, takes x-rays, fills any cavities, and checks to make sure your teeth work together correctly and that your bite is properly aligned. If crooked teeth or a malocclusion (poor bite) is found, the dentist will recommend an evaluation by an orthodontist to see if braces, a retainer, or other device can correct the problem. Poorly aligned teeth may prevent you from chewing properly and speaking clearly, as well as contributing to tooth decay. Dentists can use plastic resins to restore chipped or broken teeth in a process called bonding. They can also bond new surfaces to teeth and whiten them to improve their appearance. Sometimes dentists apply a plastic sealant to the flat grinding surfaces of the molars and bicuspids to protect these teeth from cavities. 4 out of 5 cavities in children occur on the flat surfaces of the molars. Children who participate in sports should be encouraged to wear a mouth guard to protect their teeth from accidents. A mouth guard helps spread the force from an accidental blow over the whole mouth and jaw, so a single tooth won't be chipped, broken, or knocked out. Parents and teachers can help children learn the important role that diet plays in building and maintaining healthy teeth. Sticky sweet snacks and snacking too often are the biggest contributors to tooth decay. On the other hand, snacking on crisp, crunchy fruits and vegetables helps scrape away plaque. Spicy foods are also a healthy choice, because they help make your mouth water. The additional saliva helps wash away food particles and germs that can stick to teeth. Drinking plenty of water during the day can also help reduce cavities. It is important for children to eat foods rich in calcium like milk, yogurt, and cheese. Calcium is the main building block of strong teeth and bones. Advances in Dentistry New technology can often make dental work nearly painless. Teeth that are knocked out in accidents, or too severely decayed or damaged to be saved, can be replaced with implants. Computers now help dentists show their patients how they will look after correction with braces or having their teeth repaired. Until about 100 years ago, barbers and jewelers usually took care of tooth problems. Modern dentistry has advanced greatly from those days. After the first dental school opened in Baltimore in 1840, dentistry started to become a skilled profession. Today, all dentists have either a D.D.S. (Doctor of Dental Surgery) or D.M.D. (Doctor of Dental Medicine) degree. Today's emphasis on preventative dentistry and the widespread use of water fluoridation keep tooth decay at an all time low. A recent study has recommended that children under 6 use only a pea-sized amount of toothpaste. The study found that when too much toothpaste was used at an early age, the risk of enamel fluorosis (snowflaking of the tooth enamel) was higher. This is caused when teeth that are still forming are exposed to too much fluoride. Level Pre-A Main Concepts: A bright and healthy smile comes with good dental care. We should all brush with toothpaste at least twice a day, eat tooth-healthy foods, and see a dentist for regular check-ups. Picture Activity Ask your students to find the things in the picture that help WHY-FLY take good care of his teeth (toothpaste, toothbrush, and floss). Discuss the importance of good dental habits and the consequences of poor ones. Emphasize the benefits of eating tooth-healthy foods, like milk and cheese. These foods contain calcium, which helps build strong bones and teeth. Vocabulary Answer: BRUSH THEM. First have your students color the crayon black. Then discuss what happens when we don't brush and take good care of our teeth. (Cavities can form and in some cases the teeth will fall out.) Explain that everyone has 2 sets of teeth as they grow up: first baby teeth and then adult (permanent) teeth. Baby teeth are supposed to fall out when their permanent teeth are ready to come in. (Emphasize that this is not a result of poor dental care.) Weekly Lab You need: styrofoam plates cut into eighths (2 wedges for each student). Cut about 1/2 to 1 inch off the point of each wedge. Have your students hold 2 wedges together and bite down on them firmly to make an impression of their teeth marks. Then have them look at both the top and bottom of their plates. As an extension, have them compare their bite plates with a friend and describe how they are similar and how they are different. You can also have them bite into some different foods to see the outline of their bite. Try pieces of bread, cheese, fruit, etc. Weekly Problem Answers: 2, 8, 6. Explain that the baby's first teeth are coming in. This is called teething. The boy on the right just lost 2 of his baby teeth. His permanent (adult) teeth are getting ready to come in and are pushing out his baby teeth. Ask them what is different between the baby tooth and adult tooth pictured. (The adult tooth has long roots that hold it in our gums.) Storytelling Ask what happens when someone loses a tooth in their families. (Some of your students may not have lost a tooth yet.) Ask them to use their imaginations to tell a story about what the tooth fairy does with all the teeth she collects. Have them share their ideas. Challenge Answer: cheese. All the foods shown on the big tooth are good foods to eat. Even ice cream, in moderation, is a good food choice because of its calcium content. The 3 puzzle pieces that don't fit are not the best food choices, including candy, sugared cereals, and cake. Explain that some foods that are good for you may not be great for your teeth, such as raisins or other dried fruits, which leave a sticky residue on teeth. Rather than avoiding these foods, brush after eating them. Home Base First read the letter to your students. Emphasize that we should always brush our teeth at least twice a day-before bed and when we wake up. It's even better if we brush after meals and after we eat sweet or sticky snacks. Have them fill in the blank lines. You can also have them make their own brushing charts in class. Level A Main Concepts: A bright and healthy smile comes with good dental care. We should all brush with a fluoride toothpaste at least twice a day, eat tooth-healthy foods, and see a dentist for regular check-ups. Picture Activity Ask your students to find the things in the picture that help WHY-FLY take good care of his teeth (toothpaste, toothbrush, and floss). Discuss the importance of good dental habits and the consequences of poor ones. Emphasize the benefits of eating tooth-healthy foods, like milk and cheese. These foods contain calcium, which helps build strong bones and teeth. Ask them if they can think of anything else that helps keep teeth healthy. Vocabulary Answer: WILL LOOK LIKE THIS. First have your students color the crayon black. Then discuss what happens when we don't brush and take good care of our teeth. (Cavities can form and in some cases the teeth will fall out.) Explain that everyone has 2 sets of teeth as they grow up: first baby teeth and then adult (permanent) teeth. Baby teeth are supposed to fall out when their permanent teeth are ready to come in. (Emphasize that this is not a result of poor dental care.) As an extension, have them count all the teeth. Ask if this mouth belongs to a child or an adult. Weekly Lab You need: styrofoam plates cut into eighths (2 wedges for each student). Cut about 1/2 to 1 inch off the point of each wedge. Have your students hold 2 wedges together and bite down firmly to make an impression of their teeth marks. Have them look at both the top and bottom of their plates. As an extension, have them compare their bite plates with a friend and describe how they are similar and how they are different. You can also have them bite into some different foods to see the outline of their bite. Try pieces of bread, cheese, fruit, etc. Explain that each person has a unique bite pattern, and these patterns are sometimes used to help solve crimes! After comparing and contrasting bite plates with a friend, have them count the teeth marks they made on their bite plate. Then tell them to use a mirror and count all their teeth after they go home. Did they find tooth impressions for all their teeth on their bite plates? Children at this age will have about 20 baby teeth (sometimes less, depending on their development). Weekly Problem Answers: 2, 8, 6-16 in all. Explain that the baby's first teeth are coming in. This is called teething. The boy on the right just lost 2 baby teeth. His permanent (adult) teeth are ready to come in and are pushing out the baby teeth. Ask them what is different between the baby tooth and adult tooth pictured. (The adult tooth has long roots that hold it in our gums.) Writing for Science Ask your students what happens when someone loses a tooth in their families. (Some of your students may not have lost a tooth yet.) Ask them to use their imaginations and write a story about what the tooth fairy does with all the teeth she collects. Have them share their ideas. Challenge Answer: cheese. All the foods shown on the tooth are good foods to eat. Even ice cream, in moderation, is a good food choice because of its calcium content. The 4 puzzle pieces that don't fit are not the best food choices, including candy, sugared cereals, cake, and cola. Also explain that some other foods that are otherwise good for you may not be great for your teeth, like raisins or other dried fruits, which leave a sticky residue on teeth. Rather than avoiding these foods, tell your students to brush after eating them. Home Base Read the letter with your students. Emphasize that we should always brush our teeth at least twice each day--before bed and when we wake up. It's even better if we brush after meals or after eating sweet or sticky snacks. You can have them design their own brushing charts in class. Discuss the importance of using a fluoride toothpaste. Point out the ADA (American Dental Association) symbol and ask them to look for it and the word fluoride on their toothpaste at home. Level B Main Concepts: A bright and healthy smile requires good dental care. We should brush at least twice a day, use a toothpaste with fluoride, eat tooth-healthy foods, and see a dentist for regular check-ups. If we don't, our teeth could get cavities. Vocabulary Answer: WILL LOOK LIKE THIS. First have them color in the small black crayon. Then discuss what happens when we don't take good care of our teeth. (Cavities can form and in some cases the teeth will fall out.) Explain that everyone has 2 sets of teeth as they grow up: first we have 20 baby teeth, then 32 adult (permanent) teeth. Baby teeth are supposed to fall out when their permanent teeth are ready to come in. (Emphasize that this is not a result of poor dental care.) As an extension, have them count all the teeth. Ask if this mouth belongs to a child or an adult. Ask them what is different between the baby tooth and adult tooth pictured. (The adult tooth has long roots that help hold it in our gums.) With proper care, our permanent teeth are meant to last a lifetime. Weekly Lab Explain that the germs that live on our teeth make acids as they digest the sticky food and sugar that get stuck to our teeth when we eat. Acids can dissolve our teeth, making holes called cavities. The calcium in an egg shell is very much like the white enamel on our teeth. Vinegar is a weak acid. When the egg is placed in the vinegar, bubbles form as the shell begins to dissolve. If you leave the egg in vinegar for a week (especially if you add fresh vinegar every other day), the shell will completely dissolve away. Warning: Do not place the egg and vinegar in a jar with a lid. Pressure may build and cause the jar to break. Weekly Problem Answers: 1) 11 2) 10 3) 15 4) Ricky 5) Vicky. Writing for Science Most children begin to lose their baby teeth around age 6 as their permanent teeth begin to push them out. Have your students discuss the pictures. Encourage them to use their imaginations to think of a funny story about losing a tooth. Challenge This activity will help demonstrate the role different teeth play in chewing and swallowing food. Have your students bite carrots and chew thoroughly. (Apple slices may be used instead.) Ask them which teeth are working when they bite and when they chew. Have them try to bite the carrot with their back teeth and chew with their front ones. Next have them color in the teeth best used for biting red, and chewing blue. Home Base Read the letter with your students. Emphasize that we should always brush our teeth at least twice each day--before bed and when we wake up. It's even better if we brush after meals or after eating sweet or sticky snacks. You can have them design their own brushing charts in class. Discuss the importance of using a fluoride toothpaste. Point out the ADA (American Dental Association) symbol and ask them to look for it and the word fluoride on their toothpaste at home. Conduct a class survey on the different brands of toothpaste they use. Have them find out when they last had a dental check-up. Also, have them share what a visit to their dentist is like.

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Level C Main Concepts: Maintaining a bright and healthy smile requires good dental care. We should brush at least twice a day, use a toothpaste with fluoride, eat tooth-healthy foods, and see a dentist for regular check-ups. If we don't, our teeth could get cavities. Cavities are caused by acids made by plaque, which thrive on sugary foods on teeth. Vocabulary Answer: WILL LOOK LIKE THIS. Discuss with your students what happens when we don't take good care of our teeth. (Cavities can form and in some cases the teeth will fall out.) Explain that everyone has 2 sets of teeth as they grow up: first we have 20 baby teeth, then 32 adult (permanent) teeth. Baby teeth are supposed to fall out when their permanent teeth are ready to come in. (Emphasize that this is not a result of poor dental care.) As an extension, have them count all the teeth. Ask if this mouth belongs to a child or an adult. Ask them what is different between the baby tooth and adult tooth pictured. (The adult tooth has long roots that help hold it in our gums.) With proper care, our permanent teeth are meant to last a lifetime. Weekly Lab See TN Level B--WEEKLY LAB. Also have them draw a 3 cm (about 1 1/2 in.) square on their eggs and cover it with clear nail polish. Explain that the eggshell is like the surface of their teeth, and the clear nail polish works like the sealant dentists often use (usually on the bicuspids and molars) to protect the enamel of the tooth from acids produced by plaque. Before they place their egg in the vinegar, ask them to predict what will happen. Ask if the polish-covered square will react any differently than the rest of the eggshell. They will observe bubbles covering the egg's shell, except where the polish protects it. Warning: Do not place the egg and vinegar in a jar with a lid. Pressure may build and cause the jar to break. Weekly Problem Answers: 1) 52 2) 49 3) 51 4) Vicky 5) Ricky. Writing for Science Most children begin to lose their baby teeth around age 6 as their permanent teeth begin to push them out. Have your students discuss the pictures. Encourage them to use their imaginations to think of a funny story about losing a tooth. Challenge This activity will help demonstrate the role different teeth play in chewing and swallowing food. Have your students bite carrots and chew thoroughly. (Apple slices may be used instead of carrots.) Ask them which teeth are working when they bite and when they chew. Have them try to bite the carrot with their back teeth and chew with their front ones. Next have them color in the teeth best used for biting red, and chewing blue. Puzzle Have your students cut about 1/2 to 1 inch off the point of each styrofoam wedge. Have them hold 2 wedges together and bite down firmly to make an impression of their teeth marks. Next have them look at both the tops and bottoms of their plates, and check for the impressions of both their biting and their chewing teeth. Explain that each person has a unique bite pattern, just like their fingerprints. Sometimes detectives use bite marks to help solve crimes! Level D Main Concepts: Brush at least twice a day using a fluoride toothpaste, eat tooth-healthy foods rich in calcium, and see a dentist for check-ups. Crunchy vegetables help keep teeth clean in between brushing. Sugary foods are converted by plaque into enamel-eating acid if they remain on the teeth for too long, forming cavities. Vocabulary Across: floss, gums, cavity, bite, dentist Down: plaque, milk Up: acids, tooth, brush Diagonal: fluoride. Weekly Lab Explain that the germs in plaque make acids, as they digest the sticky food and sugar that get stuck to our teeth when we eat. Acids can dissolve our teeth, making holes called cavities. Have them draw a 3 cm (about 1 1/2 in.) square on their eggs. Explain that the calcium in an eggshell is very much like the enamel on the surface of their teeth, and that vinegar is a weak acid. The clear nail polish is acting like the sealant dentists use (usually on the bicuspids and molars) to help protect the enamel of the tooth from acids produced by plaque. Before they place their egg in the vinegar, ask them to predict what will happen. Ask if the polish-covered square will react any differently than the rest of the eggshell. They will observe bubbles form and cover the egg's shell as it begins to dissolve, except where the polish protects it from the vinegar. If you leave the egg in vinegar for a week (especially if you add fresh vinegar every other day), the shell will completely dissolve away. Warning: Do not place the egg and vinegar in a jar with a lid. Pressure may build and cause the jar to break. In addition, have them try this second activity at home or in class. You need: crackers, small pieces of soft cloth and/or sponge, toothbrush, and toothpaste. Read the DID YOU KNOW?? together. Explain that people long ago didn't use toothbrushes. They cleaned their teeth with twigs and cloth soaked in vinegar. Have them slowly eat a cracker and then wipe their teeth with the sponge or cloth to try to clean them. Ask them if their teeth feel clean. Next have them slowly eat another cracker, followed by brushing with a toothbrush and toothpaste. Ask which method got their teeth cleaner. Tell them that 100 years ago, barbers and jewelers usually took care of tooth problems. Weekly Problem Answers: 1) 9 months 2) 20 teeth 3) 21 years 4) 32 teeth. Tell them to work each problem from left to right. Explain that everyone has 2 sets of teeth as they grow up: first we have 20 baby teeth and then 32 adult (permanent) teeth. Baby teeth are supposed to fall out when their permanent teeth are ready to come in. (Emphasize that this is not a result of poor dental care.) Adult teeth have long roots that help hold them in our gums. With proper care, our permanent teeth are meant to last a lifetime. Writing for Science Your students will try to write a paragraph without using any words containing the "th" sound. They will quickly discover that without their front teeth, it would be very hard to communicate clearly, since so much of the English language uses that sound. As an extension, you may want to have your students try to say some "th" words without letting their tongue touch their front teeth. Challenge This activity will help demonstrate the role different teeth play in chewing and swallowing food. Have your students bite carrots and chew thoroughly. (Apple slices may be used instead of carrots.) Ask them which teeth are working when they bite and when they chew. Have them try to bite the carrot with their back teeth and chew with their front ones. Next have them color in the teeth best used for biting red, and chewing blue. Puzzle Have your students cut about 1/2 to 1 inch off the point of each styrofoam wedge. Have them hold 2 wedges together and bite down firmly to make an impression of their teeth marks, then look at both the tops and bottoms of their plates. Have them check for the impressions of both their biting and their chewing teeth. Explain that each person has a unique bite pattern, just like their fingerprints. Detectives sometimes use bite marks to help solve crimes! You can also have them make a second set of bite plates. Divide up into small groups and mix the first sets of bite plates together. Have them look for their original set by matching it with their second set. Level E Main Concepts: Brush at least twice a day using a fluoride toothpaste, eat tooth-healthy foods, and see a dentist for check-ups. Eat foods rich in calcium. Crunchy vegetables help keep teeth clean in between brushing. Sugary foods are converted by plaque into enamel-eating acid if they remain on the teeth for too long. This is how cavities are formed. Vocabulary Answers: 1) booth 2) boots 3) boats 4) beats 5) beads 6) bends 7) tends 8) tents 9) tenth. Weekly Lab Explain that germs make acids as they digest food and sugar that get stuck to our teeth when we eat. Acids can dissolve our teeth, making holes called cavities. Have them draw a 3 cm (about 1 1/2 in.) square on their eggs. Explain that the calcium in an eggshell is very much like the enamel on the surface of their teeth, and that vinegar is a weak acid. The clear nail polish is acting like the sealant dentists use (usually on the bicuspids and molars) to help protect the enamel of the tooth from acids produced by plaque. Before they place their egg in the vinegar, ask them to predict what will happen. Ask if the polish-covered square will react any differently than the rest of the eggshell. They will observe bubbles form and cover the egg's shell as it begins to dissolve, except where the polish protects it from the acidic vinegar. If you leave the egg in vinegar for a week (especially if you add fresh vinegar every other day), the shell will completely dissolve away. Warning: Do not place the egg and vinegar in a jar with a lid. Pressure may build and cause the jar to break. In addition, try the Bonus activity. You need: styrofoam plates cut into eighths (2 wedges for each student). Cut about 1/2 to 1 inch off the point of each wedge. Have them hold 2 wedges together and bite down firmly to make an impression of their teeth marks. Next have them look at both the tops and bottoms of their plates, and check for the impressions of both their biting and their chewing teeth. Explain that each person has a unique bite pattern, just like their fingerprints. Detectives use bite marks to help solve crimes! In addition, you can also have them make a second set of bite plates. Divide up into small groups and mix their first sets of bite plates together, then have them look for their original set by matching it with their second set. Weekly Problem Answers: 1) 6 and 9 months 2) 20 teeth 3) 21 years 4) 32 teeth. Tell them to solve each problem from left to right. When they are finished, explain that everyone has 2 sets of teeth as they grow up: first we have 20 baby teeth, then 32 adult (permanent) teeth. Baby teeth are supposed to fall out when their permanent teeth are ready to come in. (Emphasize that this is not a result of poor dental care.) Adult teeth have long roots that help hold them in our gums. With proper care, our permanent teeth are meant to last a lifetime. Writing for Science Have them try to write a paragraph without using any words containing the "th" sound. They will quickly discover that without their front teeth, it would be very hard to communicate clearly, since so much of the English language uses that sound. As an extension, have your students try to say some "th" words without letting their tongue touch their front teeth. Challenge This will help demonstrate the role different teeth play in chewing and swallowing food. Have them bite the carrot and chew it thoroughly. (Apple slices may be used instead.) Ask which teeth are working when they bite and when they chew. Have them color the biting teeth red, chewing 'teeth blue, and tearing teeth green. Also have them try to bite a carrot with their back teeth and chew with their front ones, so they can see how some teeth are better suited for certain jobs than others. Puzzle Answers: 1) dentist--dent is too 2) enamel--strange name," Lulubella 3) floss--charge of Loss 4) tooth--go too," thought Cinderella 5) dental--huge den, tall ceilings 6) gum--carrying umbrellas 7) teeth"--first tee, there were. Level F Main Concepts: Dental care has improved a lot since the days of George Washington. We should brush at least twice a day using a toothpaste with fluoride, eat tooth-healthy foods, and see a dentist for regular check-ups. Cavities are caused when food residue on teeth is converted by plaque into enamel-eating acid. Weekly Lab Lab A--This activity will help demonstrate the role different teeth play in chewing and swallowing food. Have your students bite the carrot and chew it thoroughly. (Apple slices may be used instead of carrots.) Ask them which teeth are working when they bite and when they chew. Have them try to bite the carrot with their back teeth and chew with their front ones. For Lab B--See TN Level E--WEEKLY LAB. Weekly Problem Answers: 1) 6 and 9 months 2) 20 teeth 3) 21 years 4) 32 teeth. Tell your students to work each problem from left to right. Explain that everyone has 2 sets of teeth as they grow up: first we have 20 baby teeth and then 32 adult (permanent) teeth. Adult teeth have long roots that help hold them in our gums. With proper care, our permanent teeth are meant to last a lifetime. Writing for Science This timeline shows some key points in the history of dental care in America. Have them choose one of these periods and write about what they would do if they had a toothache back in those days. You may want to discuss the term anesthetic. As an extension, you can have your students imagine what dental care would be like in the future and write about it. Challenge Answers: 1) booth 2) boots 3) boats 4) beats 5) beads 6) bends 7) tends 8) tents 9) tenth. Puzzle Answers: 1) dentist--dent is too 2) enamel--strange name," Lulubella 3) floss--charge of Loss 4) tooth--go too," thought Cinderella 5) dental--huge den, tall ceilings 6) gum--carrying umbrellas 7) teeth--first tee, there were 8) brushed--Bob rushed past. National Science Education Standards Unifying Concepts and Processes (K-8) * Systems, order, and organization * Evidence, models, and explanation * Constancy, change, and measurement * Form and function Standard A: Science as Inquiry (K-8) * Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry * Understanding about scientific inquiry Standard B: Physical Science (K-4) * Properties of objects and materials (5-8) * Properties and changes of properties in matter * Motions and forces Standard C: Life Science (K-4) * The characteristics of organisms * Organisms and environments (5-8) * Structure and function in living systems * Regulation and behavior Standard E: Science and Technology (K-4) * Abilities of technological design * Understanding about science and technology * Abilities to distinguish between natural objects and objects made by man (5-8) * Abilities of technological design * Understandings about science and technology Standard F: Science in Personal and Social Perspectives (K-4) * Personal health * Characteristics and changes in populations (5-8) * Personal health * Risks and benefits * Science and technology in society Standard G: History and Nature of Science (K-8) * Science as a human endeavor (5-8) * Nature of science * History of science Weekly RESOURCES Helpful Sources for Planning your Science Weekly Classroom Activities Recommended Resources * Beeler, Selby. Throw Your Tooth on the Roof: Tooth Traditions from Around the World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co, 1998 * Chandra, Deborah and Madeleine Comora. George Washington's Teeth. New York: Farrar Straus & Giroux, Inc., 2003 * Frost, Helen. Going to the Dentist. Mankato, MN: Pebble Books (Capstone Press, Inc.), 1999 * Keller, Laurie. Open Wide: Tooth School Inside. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 2000 * Kendall, Bonnie, Blythe Camenson, et al. Opportunities in Dental Care Careers. Chicago: McGraw-Hill/Contemporary Books, 2000 * Murkof, Heidi. What to Expect When You Go to the Dentist. New York: Harper/Festival, 2000 * Schwartz, Linda. Meet Your Teeth: A Fun, Creative Dental Care Unit for Kids in Grades 1-4. Huntington Beach, CA: Learning Works (Creative Teaching Press), 1996 * Silverstein, Dr. Alvin, Virginia B. Silverstein, et al. Tooth Decay and Cavities (My Health). New York: Franklin Watts, Inc., 1999 Internet Resources A fun mini-movie on teeth from BrainPop--http://www.brainpop.com/health/digestive/teeth/index.weml Kids Corner from American Dental Association including games and cartoons--http://www.ada.org/public/games/index.html and http://www.ada.org/public/topics/kidstopics.html "Kids Stuff" from the American Dental Hygienists' Assn.--http://www.adha.org/kidstuff/ Kid's Club from Delta Dental--http://www.deltanj.com/kids_club/kids_club.shtml (Be sure to check out "Dental Trivia" for lots of fun facts.) Sparkle City from Crest--http://www.sparkle-city.com/index_flash.html Healthy Teeth--http://www.healthyteeth.org/ From Kids Health--http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/body/teeth.html History of Dentistry--http://www.cda.org/articles/history.htm The National Museum of Dentistry, featuring an online exhibit on George Washington's dentures--http://www.dentalmuseum.umaryland.edu A dental history guide--http://www.gumshield.com For Teachers from Oral-B--Learning Tools & Handouts--http://www.oralb.com/learningcenter /teaching/handoutsoverview.asp Materials Needed for Issue 13--Antarctica Pre-A, A--ice cubes, solid shortening (e.g., Crisco[TM]), small plastic sandwich bags B--ice cubes, solid shortening (e.g., Crisco[TM]), small plastic sandwich bags, wax paper C, D--ice cubes, clay E, F--ice cubes, 1 gallon plastic food storage bags, twist-ties, measuring cup, small milk cartons

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bodizwonder · 7 years

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Training Tips To Match Your Body Type

We all have completely different physique sorts. Some of us are naturally skinny; some naturally heavy. Our bone thickness and construction differ, too, as do traits like our muscle stomach size and metabolic fee. When it involves enhancing your physique, the higher you perceive your explicit mixture of genetic traits, the larger your likelihood is of constructing the physique you are after.

In the 1940s, psychologist W. H. Sheldon developed a system that divided people into 3 primary physique sorts. While not everybody will fall neatly right into a single kind, understanding these sorts can assist you create a exercise optimized in your genetic make-up. Here are descriptions of the 3 most important physique sorts, adopted by methods to customise exercises for each.

The Skinny Ectomorph

You know these individuals who appear to have the ability to eat all they need each time they need and by no means achieve an oz? Those individuals are in all probability ectomorphs. They’re usually naturally lean, which is a good upside. The draw back, particularly if they’re attempting to enhance their physiques, is that they’ve a tough time gaining muscle mass.

Some individuals suppose that every one ectomorphs are tall and thin. Many tall individuals do occur to be ectomorphs, however top alone is not a figuring out issue. Rather, physique kind relies on components that embrace skeletal proportions, bone density, and metabolism. For occasion, ectomorphs are likely to have slim shoulders and hips, mild bones, and quick metabolisms. Their wrists, knees, and ankles are sometimes smaller than common.

The Square Endomorph

Endomorphs have heavier bone constructions and sometimes squarish torsos, with large waists and enormous hips. Their joints are sometimes thicker, and their metabolisms are slower.

Unlike ectomorphs, endomorphs don’t have any downside including mass to their our bodies. Their downside is eliminating it. If individuals with this physique kind need to get lean, they should be very diligent about consuming properly and getting numerous cardiovascular train.

The Perfect Mesomorph

Oh, to be blessed with a mesomorphic physique kind. Many of the best bodybuilders in historical past, together with Sergio Oliva, Lee Haney, Dorian Yates, and Ronnie Coleman, are excellent examples of this fortunate group. Their bone constructions, with large clavicles and slim hips, naturally type the coveted V-taper. Their joints are large enough to help giant muscle mass, however sufficiently small to create a satisfying visible proportion between muscle mass and joint.

If you took Coleman’s enormous quads and put them on a person with massive hips and knees, they would not look practically as spectacular. But with Coleman’s slim hips and small knee joints, these quads look superhuman. And then there’s the mesomorphic metabolism: It is right, making this physique kind genetically predisposed to achieve muscle, not fats.

Train for Your Body Type

Chances are you are not 100 p.c ectomorph, endomorph, or mesomorph. Instead, you in all probability fall someplace alongside the spectrum. You would possibly lean extra towards being an ectomorph, but be capable of add muscle mass, making you an ectomorph with some mesomorph qualities. Or, you may need the essential physique form typical of a mesomorph, however achieve fats for those who’re not cautious, which might put you someplace between a mesomorph and an endomorph.

Having stated that, you are in all probability nearer to at least one physique kind than one other. Once you recognize which kind that’s, you can begin creating essentially the most acceptable coaching program for that physique kind.

Ectomorph Training

Ectomorphs are likely to have larger metabolic charges, with their our bodies performing like loopy calorie-burning furnaces. If that is you, watch out to not over prepare, and ensure you enable loads of time for relaxation and restoration. It you tried to coach for 2 hours a day, six days every week, you are in all probability doing an excessive amount of and have to construct extra relaxation days into your routine. In reality, ectomorphs ought to in all probability not weight prepare greater than 2 days in a row. Many discover that one thing like Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday is right.

Your exercises ought to be brief and to the purpose, quite than marathon classes. Put a time restrict of one-hour most on any given exercise. Focus on primary, compound actions and straight units within the 8-10 rep vary. Forget about larger reps, dropsets, and supersets, and different depth methods that can solely make it more durable so that you can recuperate earlier than your subsequent exercise. Limit any extracurricular bodily exercise, and relaxation as a lot as potential.

Finally, for those who’re an ectomorph and need to enhance your physique, keep away from frequent bouts of extended cardio, which might tear down muscle tissue. If you’re feeling compelled to do cardio, restrict your self to only a few minutes to heat up on leg day. Focus your consideration on conserving vitality so you may add, not subtract, muscle mass.

Endomorph Training

Because they’ve slower metabolisms, endomorph often profit from larger general coaching quantity and frequency, and from doing considerably extra cardio than the opposite 2 physique sorts.

When endomorphs deal with lifting heavy, they have a tendency to achieve extra fats. If you are okay with that, then prepare extra like a powerlifter, with decrease reps and loads of relaxation between units. But for those who’d quite carry much less physique fats, preserve your relaxation durations shorter and transfer shortly from train to train and from set to set. This quicker tempo will burn extra energy, as will considered use of supersets, dropsets, and so forth. There isn’t any have to go loopy with larger reps, however attempt to work within the 10-12 vary for higher physique, and do 12-20 reps for lower-body actions.

Endomorphs can and must also carry out a fair mixture of compound and isolation actions. Squats and deadlifts will do way more to stimulate your metabolism and burn energy than issues like leg extensions or cable cross-overs. And for those who have a tendency towards the endomorph finish of the spectrum, you will get the perfect outcomes, by way of physique composition, by skipping relaxation days. On days that you just’re not weight coaching, go to the health club or get outdoors and work arduous in your cardio.

Mesomorph Training

If you hit the genetic lottery and are something near a pure mesomorph, no matter sorts of arduous and constant coaching you do will in all probability yield spectacular outcomes. You can prepare longer and hit muscle teams extra regularly that the opposite 2 physique sorts, and make main positive factors. In reality, you’d in all probability be lacking out for those who did not work more durable.

As a mesomorph or near-mesomorph, your exercises could be a bit longer, within the 60-90-minute vary, and could be a mixture of compound and isolation actions, with reps as little as the 4-6 vary or as excessive as 15-20. Either means, you are golden.

In normal, mesomorphs can just about emulate the routines of professional bodybuilders and make very good progress, since you’re basically like them. Although it ought to be famous that if you’re chemical-free, prepare with a bit much less quantity and frequency than a chemically-enhanced athlete, since merchandise designed to assist construct muscle mass can even assist restoration. As far as cardio goes, you need not keep away from it like ectomorphs or hit it arduous and heavy like endomorphs, a reasonable quantity will do you simply advantageous.

Source: fitnesscaster.com Source: Bodiz Wonder

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nofomoartworld · 7 years

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Hyperallergic: The Startling Abstractions of Arpita Singh

Arpita Singh, installation view (all images courtesy Talwar Gallery)

An admired artist in India, Arpita Singh rarely shows in America and that is our loss. In the winter of 2012-2013, she had a small show of watercolors at DC Moore that was favorably reviewed by Holland Cotter in The New York Times. Best known in America for her paintings of figures, often women, floating in an elusive space — what Cotter described as an “enigmatic, quasi-narrative mode” — Singh was born in 1937, the same year as Nasreen Mohamedi (1937-1990), whose work was recently shown in New York at The Met Breuer. And just as that show gave us the first comprehensive view of Mohamedi’s work, particularly her delicately rigorous abstract drawings in pencil and ink, an inclusive, scholarly look here in America is merited for Singh’s complex oeuvre, which consists, as far as I can tell, of at least four distinct phases.

Until that day happens, which I hope is sooner rather than later, we will have to learn about Singh’s career piecemeal. Luckily for us, such an opportunity is offered by the exhibition Arpita Singh: Tying down time at Talwar Gallery (May 6 – August 11, 2017), which did memorable Mohamedi exhibitions in 2008 and 2013, both of which I reviewed.

After Singh graduated from the School of Art, Delhi Polytechnic in New Delhi, she worked as an artistic consultant for the Weaver’s Service Centre, a government funded cooperative devoted to preserving and promoting the tradition of the handloom. Although Singh’s job was initially to look at shawls, she soon began, as she said, “studying the different traditions of making cloth, types of embroidery, and fabric structures of drapes.”

Arpita Singh, Untitled (1982), Watercolor and poster paint on cardbord, 13.75″ x 12″

Singh began exhibiting her work, which was influenced by different traditions of Indian folk art and miniatures, in the 1960s. In contrast to the Western tradition, which has wrestled with the distinction between high and low art, this was not a problem in India, as exemplified by the work of the great Indian modernist K. G. Subramanyan (1924 – 2016).

Like Subramanyan, Singh draws her inspiration from multiple Indian traditions, as well as from Western art, which, in her early work, includes Marc Chagall. According to the art historian Deepak Ananth, who has written a major monograph on Singh, Chagall’s ungrounded, floating figures played a role in Singh’s conception of the relationship between her figures and the surrounding space. It also seems to me that Singh’s ungrounded figures in an abstract space anticipate the work of Francesco Clemente.

However, for those who know only Singh’s figurative paintings, often in bright colors, the exhibition at Talwar will come as a surprise in the very best sense. For one, these entirely abstract works, which were done between 1973 and ’82, further confirm the restless, experimental current running through her art. In the thirty-three works in the exhibition, she explores what she can do with a short, often repeated strokes of ink or poster paint.

I do not know if there is a monograph dedicated to this decade in the artist’s career, but there should be.

During this time, working with a pen or brush to apply ink and/or poster paint to paper, which often has a rough tooth, Singh never settles into a mode or style. Paradoxically, the works are circumscribed and remarkably open. The lines can be thin and delicate or thick and dense. They can be short or almost dot-like. Sometimes they are clustered together to form a dense weave, other times they are straight, delicate lines repeated to form a linear, architectonic structure. Again, Ananth’s insights are useful, as he cites Paul Klee’s instructional essay, “Drawing is taking a line for a walk,” as an influence. Singh seems to guided by Klee’s exhortation: “DRAW AS MANY DIFFERENT LINES AS YOU CAN.”

Arpita Singh, Untitled (1976), Ink and pastel on paper, 18.75″ x 24.75″

In “Untitled” (1976), which the artist has dated February 10, 1976, horizontal rows of small, dense x’s span most of the paper, which are interrupted by a vertical column of linear, key-like shapes stretching from just above the first row to just below the last.

The drawing can be divided into left and right partitions, with the vertical column functioning as a loose border or axis. The artist underscores this separation by drawing a blue pastel line down its left side, just below the top row of x’s, and a black pastel line on the right that intersects it. Two horizontal lines, drawn at different points, further section the drawing. The change from one side to the other or from one section to the other is not mechanical. To these markings, Singh adds a series of diagonal lines extending across the axis.

While one of the inspirations for this and other drawings in the show is Singh’s study of stitches, embroidery, and the underlying structure used in weaving, she also exceeds the boundaries of patterning. The lines drift across the page. They cluster together. They suggest letters and writing. In some works the lines end in a dot, while in others the dots are scattered throughout. She varies the thickness of the line, and how close or far apart they are. Always remaining attentive and focused, the artist works her way across the paper, line by line, and dot by dot. The drawings are her way of marking and shaping time.

Arpita Singh, Untitled (1981), Poster pain on paper, 26.75″ x 34.75″

When Singh makes thick, overlapping lines, the spaces between them become equally important. The dense black strokes can evoke architecture, crowded urban street plans, grids, or even sculpture.

In “Untitled” (1980), done in poster paint, the clusters of x’s reminded me of a murmuration of starlings. Another work, “Untitled” (1975), done in ink, pastel, and poster paint, brought to mind a rushing river and the unseen currents below.

In at least one drawing, “Untitled” (1975), which is covered with a dense black ground, she scratches back into the paper, making vertical lines marked by dots reminiscent of beaded embroidery and scarification. In an earlier work, “Untitled” (1974), which is hung near nearby, she seems to have worked the paper so hard that it partly tore down the middle. She has taken the pieces of this “damaged” drawing and affixed them to a larger sheet. In the last drawing in the show, “Untitled” (1982), done in watercolor and poster paint on cardboard, Singh uses line to draw a table, a swan emerging from an abstract form, and an arched window with open shutters. Each thing occupies its own space and yet they all feel connected.

She could not have gotten to this place without the drawings she made over the previous decade. In those works she was impulsive and rigorous, her lines at once concentrated and meandering. This body of work, which is being shown for the first time in America, is a singular achievement. On one side are the hallucinatory ink abstractions of Henri Michaux, while on the other side are the radical graphic works of Pierrette Bloch. Singh’s drawings are stark and sensuous, bleak and overflowing. They evoke joy and tragedy, purpose and purposelessness. I found them deeply moving, even if I could not give a name to what I was feeling.

The post The Startling Abstractions of Arpita Singh appeared first on Hyperallergic.

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bodizwonder · 7 years

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Training Tips To Match Your Body Type

The Skinny Ectomorph

The Square Endomorph

Endomorphs have heavier bone constructions and sometimes squarish torsos, with large waists and enormous hips. Their joints are sometimes thicker, and their metabolisms are slower.

The Perfect Mesomorph

Train for Your Body Type

Ectomorph Training

Endomorph Training

Because they’ve slower metabolisms, endomorph often profit from larger general coaching quantity and frequency, and from doing considerably extra cardio than the opposite 2 physique sorts.

Mesomorph Training

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Source: fitnesscaster.com Source: Bodiz Wonder

#Bodiz Wonder #Bodiz Wonder - Wonderful Life

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