#cobalt reactor

[beardedmrbean]

A Houston Police Department officer driving to work last month felt the buzzing vibration alert of a cell-phone sized device provided by the federal government as part of a grant program.

The buzzing was no phone call. It was a warning, about dangerous levels of radiation, right in the midst of the fourth largest city in America.

And the detector that found it was one of 2,000 carried in Houston – and 56,000 nationwide – aimed at preventing terrorists from slipping a radiation-spewing “dirty bomb” onto American streets.

Now, budget fights in Congress and a House majority seeking major spending cuts mean the office that supplied those detectors is on the chopping block.

During a House Homeland Security Committee hearing last week, representatives questioned the work of – and funding for – huge swaths of the federal security agencies, often focusing on border security.

But testimony that day from Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas brought to light the work of one lesser-known arms of anti-terror work: the agency’s Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction office.

He offered it as an example of where the system worked as intended, supporting a local agency to ward off disaster before it happened.

How 'hot' material ended up in a Houston scrap yard

As the detector buzzed Oct. 16, the Houston officer first suspected a false alarm. He circled his car back around to the same street. It went off again.

The detector, similar to a Geiger counter, was built to pick up gamma radiation. Soon, larger units arrived to help triangulate the radiation’s source.

DHS provides some officers backpack-sized devices. The agency says they can detect material as far as a mile away. It also provides truck-sized devices that can scan for radiation near major events like the Super Bowl and Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade.

Houston’s sensors led them to a recycling yard on the city’s northwest side. There, the bomb squad isolated containers the size of paint cans. Officers only needed to wear specialized protective gear when they were closest to the material, past a “turn-back line” alerted by their detectors.

The radiation was not coming from a dirty bomb. It was only harmful within a few feet. But it was real radiation.

The source was Cesium-137, a material used in commercial and industrial settings. It is found in medical radiation therapy devices to treat cancer. As the byproduct of nuclear fission, it’s also found at the scene of nuclear reactor disasters — think Chernobyl.

In Houston, the radiation-emitting canisters had been used as flow gauges at a chemical plant. Instead of being properly stored, they had ended up at the scrap yard.

A crew carefully recovered four radioactive sources and transferred them to a U.S. Department of Energy storage facility near San Antonio.

Texas authorities are investigating the chain of custody of the material to determine how it ended up in the scrap yard and how long it had been there. Owners of the yard, which police have not named, will not face penalties because they cooperated with authorities, said Sgt. James Luplow, a member of the HPD bomb squad.

“This is not a very common occurrence. We routinely encounter radioactive material, but nothing at this level,” Luplow said. “It’s a textbook example of having a lot of people cruising around with these detectors.”

The ongoing threat of radioactive waste

Radioactive material ends up in scrap yards and causes major headaches for workers and those called to dispose of it.

In 1984, a scrap metal sale in Mexico led to one of the largest radiation disasters in U.S. history. About 600 tons of radioactive steel from Juarez ended up in 28 states. In that case, Cobalt-60 pellets caused radiation poisoning where junkyard employees became nauseated, had their fingernails turn black and suffered sterilization.

With a 30-year half-life, cesium isotopes can present a long-lasting threat if not properly disposed of at a storage facility.

Radioactive contamination of scrap materials happens far more frequently than people realize, said Jessica Bufford, a senior program officer at the non-profit global security organization Nuclear Threat Initiative.

“We’re concerned that a determined adversary like a criminal group or terrorists or lone wolf actor could steal a cesium device and use it as part of a dirty bomb to cause panic,” Bufford said. “It could be transported in powder form easily through water or air and spread over a large area.”

The material found in the Houston scrap yard was discarded waste, not a dirty bomb. But authorities say the need for detecting the radiation is the same in either scenario.

“You’d be detecting bombs,” said Luplow, the Houston sergeant. “But we’d much prefer to find it just in the material form, and it’s a lot easier to deal with.”

'No border security, no funding'

The Houston incident first came to light when Department of Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas testified last week in front of the House panel.

Without naming the location, agency or date of the incident, Mayorkas said cryptically: “a local law enforcement officer equipped with some of the equipment we provide to detect radiological and nuclear material was wearing a device that detected abandoned material in a very unsafe location that could have caused tremendous harm to the people in the surrounding community.”

A DHS official referred further questions about details on the incident to Houston police.

The Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction office within DHS, created in 2018, had a five-year sunset clause and will shutter without reauthorization by Congress.

The Biden administration specifically lobbied key committees to save the DHS office and the jobs of roughly 230 employees plus 400 contractors. DHS officials want to see the office permanently funded. With a budget of $400 million a year, the staff works to detect chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons.

The office works with 14 “high-risk” urban areas: New York City; Newark and Jersey City; Los Angeles and Long Beach; the Washington, D.C. area; Houston; Chicago; Atlanta; Miami; Denver; Phoenix; San Francisco; Seattle; Boston; and New Orleans.

GOP members of the House Freedom Caucus have blasted the DHS border policy under Mayorkas and have demanded the cuts as leverage for change.

Rep. Chip Roy, R-Texas, and 14 other Republicans signed on to a letter seeking no DHS funding until the changes: “No border security, no funding,” he wrote in a letter to colleagues.

Without approval, the office was set to shutter on Dec. 21. The current continuing resolution passed by Congress and signed by President Biden last week punts that deadline to February.

#nunyas news

[randomstufftournament]

I was planning on going through the list and picking the top ones to make the bracket with, but I didn't want to deprive you of any of the list (106 items long!!)

So it's going to be a bigger tournament than I expected!

At the end, the three winners will go head-to-head and we'll be able to crown a first, second, and third place winner.

The (randomly generated) first round of matchups will be:

a raccoon standing on its hind legs and making too much eye contact vs. imagined dragons

<3 vs. backwards baseball cap

A single small pellet of cobalt-60 vs space heater

Necklace chain (no pendant) vs sweet potato maki

Jellycat Amore Dog vs Syzygy

Seagull with a whole chili dog vs Wojtek the bear

Tomorrow vs A leaf with a tiny bug-sized bite taken out of it

Roasted parsnips vs bread

Thursday the 12th vs the first email account you ever made

Those ergonomic mice that are sideways and tall vs A Geiger counter but for great pussy

LOL vs Batfish

Lightly sweetened whole grain cereal vs green gummy bear

Nikita Khrushchev's shoe vs The molasses flood

Noticing a new freckle vs Petrichor

Window that brings in a slight draft vs big fluffy bathrobes

Greeting cards vs the little fake hands you put on a finger

A rat holding a strawberry in its little hands vs the giant catfish in the Chornobyl reactor cooling pond

The Cuban missile crisis vs LipSmacker flavored lip gloss

Couch cover vs uquiz for what kind of kitchen utensil you'd be

Orange tic tacs vs Paw print set in concrete

Plastic animal figurines vs empty snail shell

Permian-Triassic Extinction Event vs single unmatched sock (its mate has been lost)

Revolutionary Girl Utena (1997) vs leggings with a run in them

Florida Man vs Funables Fruity Snacks, Mixed Berry Fruit Snacks, Family Size, 40 Count

Bath beads (shape of dolphin) vs wet log in the ground, home to moss and fungi

The shoes that Muntadhar al-Zaidi threw at George Bush vs Pi Day

The Chornobyl elephant's foot vs Matryoshka dolls

Pigeon vs candy necklaces from the 1990s

Swinging so high on a swing set that you become briefly weightless at the top of the arc vs ring pop

Sex dice that can only deliver confusing combinations vs the state of Florida

Queen Elizabeth's corpse vs sheet of cat stickers

SALE! 2/$2.99 Fresh Hass Avocado vs orange slime made by an 8-year-old and then left to dry out in the back of a closet for years

The color puce vs pill case

A nuclear-powered ramjet vs Chromodorus Willani

Red lava lamp vs glow in the dark stars to put on your bedroom ceiling

Ufo porno vs Lego three in ones

Disposable chopsticks vs garlic bread

Generic grocery store brand apple juice from concentrate vs skeleton

Three haunted porcelain dolls vs a duck with perfectly formed human hands instead of wings coming out of its shoulders

A bus pass with $7.33 on it vs The last of the gift wrap paper (not enough to wrap a present)

The SL-1 reactor in Idaho vs 1 yard of fleece

Glasses without lenses vs the rabies virus

There are a few byes that we'll come across in round 2:

Tapetum lucidum (will face the winner of matchup #1)

1 can of Goya brand black beans (will face the winner of matchup #4)

A dog who is normal in every way except that it can identify any plant by its scientific name (will face the winner of matchup #5)

Duke the Bush's Baked Beans mascot (will face the winner of matchup #6)

Jumbo binder clips (will face the winner of matchup #9)

Mead (will face the winner of matchup #12)

The smell of a Sears auto department (will face the winner of matchup #15)

The composer Fryderyk Chopin's heart, In case in a jar of booze in a church in the middle of Warsaw, Poland (will face the winner of matchup #16)

Sour cream (will face the winner of matchup #17)

A 2005 Honda Civic with a vinyl wrap of Sasuke on the side (will face the winner of matchup #20)

73 dachshunds (will face the winner of matchup #21)

$9.99 headphones from CVS (will face the winner of matchup #22)

The French language (will face the winner of matchup #25)

The number 11 (will face the winner of matchup #26)

The Weather Channel on August 28th 2005 (will face the winner of matchup #27)

World peace (will face the winner of matchup #30)

Glass swan sold at a gas station (will face the winner of matchup #33)

Discarded McDonald's toy found on the sidewalk (will face the winner of matchup #36)

Lube that just. too slippery to be useful (will face the winner of matchup #37)

@hillbilly---man's Archie comics phase World War II veteran who hates sharks (will face the winner of matchup #38) *I changed this one because quite a few of you don't know me and don't care about my Archie comics phase. Apologies to the submitter!

Roasted garlic (will face the winner of matchup #41)

White LEDs (will face the winner of matchup #42)

The placement of all of these was done randomly, but I'll try to seed future rounds based on performance.

The first polls will be published tomorrow

#i dont know who put in that thing about my archie comics hyperfixation from like six years ago but i feel very seen #anyway. i hope you have as much fun with these as I'm having #polls #brackets #tournament

[thenuclearmallard]

Novaya Zemlya, Russia

Nuclear Weapons Test Site

From 1954 to 1990, the islands of Novaya Zemlya were used by the Soviets to conduct atmospheric and underground nuclear tests. Decommissioned nuclear weapons and nuclear submarines were also scuttled around the islands, turning the entire region into an environmental disaster zone.

Photo: Radioactively contaminated lichen causes high strontium levels in reindeer, which are a dietary mainstay of the local Nenets and Sami populations. © TOYOSAKI Hiromitsu

History

In July 1954, the two islands of Novaya Zemlya (“New Land”) on the Russian Arctic coast were designated a nuclear weapons test site. The indigenous Nenets population was forcibly resettled and the islands were divided into different testing zones. Between 1955 and 1990, Novaya Zemlya was the site of 130 nuclear detonations, including the “Tsar Bomba,” the biggest nuclear device ever detonated, with 50 megatons of TNT equivalent, almost 4,000 times more powerful than the Hiroshima bomb. The “Tsar Bomba” detonation caused severe destruction of the island within a radius of about 100 km and spread nuclear fallout all over the Northern Hemisphere.

In addition, the practice of dumping nuclear waste around the islands contributed greatly to the current environmental catastrophe around Novaya Zemlya. Together with fallout from nuclear weapons testing and the continuous discharge of nuclear waste from the reprocessing plants at La Hague and Sellafield, nuclear waste dumped near Novaya Zemlya added to the radioactive contamination of the North Sea and Arctic Ocean. Thirteen decrepit nuclear reactors, along with spent fuel from nuclear submarines with a total radioactivity of 37 Peta-Becquerel (Peta = quadrillion), were dumped along the coast of Novaya Zemlya and into the Barents and Kara seas. Two of the most contaminated sites on Novaya Zemlya are the Abrosimov and Stepovogo Fjords in the southern part of the island.

Health and environmental effects

Scientific expeditions found increased levels of cesium-137, strontium-90, cobalt-60, and plutonium-239 and -241 in sediments close to the fjords, which were used as radioactive waste dumps. A 1992 Russian study found that in 67–72 % of all underground tests, radioactive gas had leaked through in the rock formation. Together with fallout from atmospheric nuclear testing, radioactive gases from underground leaks resulted in increased levels of radiation across Europe, most notably in Finland, where radioactive iodine-131 was measured in concentrations of up to 5 mBq/m³, and in Norway, with cases of radioactively contaminated milk and iodine-131 concentrations of up to 1.37 megabecquerel (mBq/m³ Mega = million). Iodine-131 is a known cause of thyroid cancer, especially in children.

The indigenous population of the region around Novaya Zemlya received even higher radiation doses. Most notably affected by radiation exposure were the semi-nomadic Sami people of the Arctic region and the former inhabitants of Novaya Zemlya, the Nenets people. The Vepsians, Karelians and Komi people, living along the Northern Russian coast, however, were also affected. Radioactively contaminated lichen caused high strontium levels in reindeer, which are a mainstay of the local diet. As was the case with other indigenous populations affected by fallout and radioactive contamination, no epidemiological studies were ever performed to assess health effects on the people living around Novaya Zemlya.

Outlook

As Norway is only 900 km away from Novaya Zemlya, the Norwegian government is very concerned about the radioactive waste catastrophe taking place on and around the islands. The Barents Sea, which is important for Norway’s fishing industry, has been severely polluted by radioactive fallout from Novaya Zemlya and is in constant danger of being further contaminated by leaking radioactive waste dumps, submerged spent nuclear fuel rods, nuclear submarine wrecks, dumped nuclear reactors and radioactive waste from bases and naval yards. Monitoring and management of the huge region affected by nuclear pollution has become an international responsibility, yet little has been done to contain this danger up to now, let alone investigate the long-term health effects on the local population. They, too, are casualties of nuclear weapons – they, too, are Hibakusha.

References

“The Soviet Union’s Nuclear Testing Program.” Website of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization CTBTO, http://ctbto.org/nuclear-testing/the-effects-of-nuclear-testing/the-soviet-unionsnuclear-testing-programme/

Bøhmer et al. “The Arctic Nuclear Challenge.” Bellona Report Volume 3, 2001. http://bellona.org/assets/sites/6/The_Arctic_Nuclear_Challenge.pdf

Koivisto K. “Nuclear Waste Storage Facility on Novaya Zemlya.” Helsinki Hufvudstads bladet, April 1, 1997. www.fas.org/news/russia/1997/drsov04021997000220.htm

Matzko JR. “Physical Environment of the Underground Nuclear Test Site on Novaya Zemlya, Russia.” U.S.-Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1993. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0501/report.pdf

“Indigenous People and the Nuclear Age – USSR.” Critical Will

#indigenous #indigenous russian #culture #indigenous russia #russia #important #colonization #fypシ #fypage #landback #decolonize #tsar bomba #Nuclear bomb #Nuclear test #Soviet Union #Displacement #Nenet #Nenets #Nenet tribe #Nenet people

[wumblr]

The green energies cannot support the grid entirely. If you want constant brown outs and black outs go for it but I want my grid able to support the entire energy demand not just when it’s sunny or when the wind blows just right, consistently. That consistency only comes from either coal or nuclear. I don’t want coal either, so for the sake of the future we need nuclear power. What we don’t need is your fear mongering.

don't know to what this is in regards, but i've said before i can agree with nuclear greens, and in real life i often work with many of them (they are FAR more common than dyed-in-the-wool anti-nuclear hippies, probably because they hunt us for sport)

the problem i have with this is that i am very willing to recognize your side of the argument, capitulate on all of my principles about this entirely in order to let you build the reactors, since i know i'm not getting together a good old fashioned reactor-cancelling protest because the numbers simply are not there -- and no matter how clearly and calmly i state it, y'all are woefully delusional about what comes along with the reactors (longterm storage, police, and bombs, let alone the health effects from waste mishandling, like cancer or miscarriage). you just don't and aren't willing to hear one goddamn word i say

the nuclear greens that i'm willing to compromise with behave a little differently about that. i don't develop compromises with the ignorant. if you want the compromise, you need to know what deal you are making

and again if you had read one word i said, you would know i don't want oil or coal either. we need immense and immediate degrowth on all of the big four (natural gas is the fourth). the source of the problem is capitalist industrial production, not your internet connection or LED lightbulbs in your house. i've gone over basically every detail of energy flow in the united states and all to no avail (does anybody even remember when i pointed out we could double the capacity of the energy budget by simply figuring out how to not lose half of it to waste heat? that was a critique of oil, combustion engines in particular)

i have also pointed out that it required a coup in bolivia to source lithium, solar panels are made using multiple conflict minerals (gold, copper, cobalt), and windmills require vast amounts of plastic or concrete (both of which require oil to produce). find someone else to be mad at

#nuclear waste

[precognitiveignition]

Most impressive fireworks you've ever seen? Maybe both metaphorical and actual fireworks?

i mean the best explosions ive ever seen were during the destruction of hostile alien spaceships

one of my buddies was collapsing their reactors in on themselves so hard the fuckin things imploded like tin cans before detonating in upper orbit and lighting up the whole damn sky

but for like actual purpose-built celebratory fireworks that probably wouldve been the custom one the local chemist and i worked tandem on for the 5 year liberation anniversary

the thing had two boosters to get it started with holes punched and tuned in them so they were like screamers but they played actual harmonics as they went off before decoupling and veering off to the sides to shoot huge plumes of these brilliant cobalt sparks

main body threw out trails of green and gold flares to the sides as it spun in this fantastic spiral until the fuse burned to the main payload

we mightve cheated a little but it the whole thing threw out a nova of starbursts - all of which blew almost completely in tandem with the red firecracker loud enough to rattle the cars on the street below

it was of course the finale of the whole show but seeing all those burning motes in the sky and hearing that victory explosion was fuckin great

[placeofhonour]

Cobalt-60 (60Co) is a synthetic radioactive isotope of cobalt with a half-life of 5.2713 years. It is produced artificially in nuclear reactors.

“If you sprint away immediately, you might not die,” says Katie Mummah, a nuclear engineer and grad student at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

#radioactive #this fucks me up i have to say #history

[sunaleisocial]

MIT announces 2024 Bose Grants

New Post has been published on https://sunalei.org/news/mit-announces-2024-bose-grants/

MIT announces 2024 Bose Grants

MIT Provost Cynthia Barnhart announced four Professor Amar G. Bose Research Grants to support bold research projects across diverse areas of study, including a way to generate clean hydrogen from deep in the Earth, build an environmentally friendly house of basalt, design maternity clothing that monitors fetal health, and recruit sharks as ocean oxygen monitors.

This year’s recipients are Iwnetim Abate, assistant professor of materials science and engineering; Andrew Babbin, the Cecil and Ida Green Associate Professor in Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; Yoel Fink, professor of materials science and engineering and of electrical engineering and computer science; and Skylar Tibbits, associate professor of design research in the Department of Architecture.

The program was named for the visionary founder of the Bose Corporation and MIT alumnus Amar G. Bose ’51, SM ’52, ScD ’56. After gaining admission to MIT, Bose became a top math student and a Fulbright Scholarship recipient. He spent 46 years as a professor at MIT, led innovations in sound design, and founded the Bose Corp. in 1964. MIT launched the Bose grant program 11 years ago to provide funding over a three-year period to MIT faculty who propose original, cross-disciplinary, and often risky research projects that would likely not be funded by conventional sources.

“The promise of the Bose Fellowship is to help bold, daring ideas become realities, an approach that honors Amar Bose’s legacy,” says Barnhart. “Thanks to support from this program, these talented faculty members have the freedom to explore their bold and innovative ideas.”

Deep and clean hydrogen futures

A green energy future will depend on harnessing hydrogen as a clean energy source, sequestering polluting carbon dioxide, and mining the minerals essential to building clean energy technologies such as advanced batteries. Iwnetim Abate thinks he has a solution for all three challenges: an innovative hydrogen reactor.

He plans to build a reactor that will create natural hydrogen from ultramafic mineral rocks in the crust. “The Earth is literally a giant hydrogen factory waiting to be tapped,” Abate explains. “A back-of-the-envelope calculation for the first seven kilometers of the Earth’s crust estimates that there is enough ultramafic rock to produce hydrogen for 250,000 years.”

The reactor envisioned by Abate injects water to create a reaction that releases hydrogen, while also supporting the injection of climate-altering carbon dioxide into the rock, providing a global carbon capacity of 100 trillion tons. At the same time, the reactor process could provide essential elements such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt — some of the most important raw materials used in advanced batteries and electronics.

“Ultimately, our goal is to design and develop a scalable reactor for simultaneously tapping into the trifecta from the Earth’s subsurface,” Abate says.

Sharks as oceanographers

If we want to understand more about how oxygen levels in the world’s seas are disturbed by human activities and climate change, we should turn to a sensing platform “that has been honed by 400 million years of evolution to perfectly sample the ocean: sharks,” says Andrew Babbin.

As the planet warms, oceans are projected to contain less dissolved oxygen, with impacts on the productivity of global fisheries, natural carbon sequestration, and the flux of climate-altering greenhouse gasses from the ocean to the air. While scientists know dissolved oxygen is important, it has proved difficult to track over seasons, decades, and underexplored regions both shallow and deep.

Babbin’s goal is to develop a low-cost sensor for dissolved oxygen that can be integrated with preexisting electronic shark tags used by marine biologists. “This fleet of sharks … will finally enable us to measure the extent of the low-oxygen zones of the ocean, how they change seasonally and with El Niño/La Niña oscillation, and how they expand or contract into the future.”

The partnership with sharks will also spotlight the importance of these often-maligned animals for global marine and fisheries health, Babbin says. “We hope in pursuing this work marrying microscopic and macroscopic life we will inspire future oceanographers and conservationists, and lead to a better appreciation for the chemistry that underlies global habitability.”

Maternity wear that monitors fetal health

There are 2 million stillbirths around the world each year, and in the United States alone, 21,000 families suffer this terrible loss. In many cases, mothers and their doctors had no warning of any abnormalities or changes in fetal health leading up to these deaths. Yoel Fink and colleagues are looking for a better way to monitor fetal health and provide proactive treatment.

Fink is building on years of research on acoustic fabrics to design an affordable shirt for mothers that would monitor and communicate important details of fetal health. His team’s original research drew inspiration from the function of the eardrum, designing a fiber that could be woven into other fabrics to create a kind of fabric microphone.

“Given the sensitivity of the acoustic fabrics in sensing these nanometer-scale vibrations, could a mother’s clothing transcend its conventional role and become a health monitor, picking up on the acoustic signals and subsequent vibrations that arise from her unborn baby’s heartbeat and motion?” Fink says. “Could a simple and affordable worn fabric allow an expecting mom to sleep better, knowing that her fetus is being listened to continuously?”

The proposed maternity shirt could measure fetal heart and breathing rate, and might be able to give an indication of the fetal body position, he says. In the final stages of development, he and his colleagues hope to develop machine learning approaches that would identify abnormal fetal heart rate and motion and deliver real-time alerts.

A basalt house in Iceland

In the land of volcanoes, Skylar Tibbits wants to build a case-study home almost entirely from the basalt rock that makes up the Icelandic landscape.

Architects are increasingly interested in building using one natural material — creating a monomaterial structure — that can be easily recycled. At the moment, the building industry represents 40 percent of carbon emissions worldwide, and consists of many materials and structures, from metal to plastics to concrete, that can’t be easily disassembled or reused.

The proposed basalt house in Iceland, a project co-led by J. Jih, associate professor of the practice in the Department of Architecture, is “an architecture that would be fully composed of the surrounding earth, that melts back into that surrounding earth at the end of its lifespan, and that can be recycled infinitely,” Tibbits explains.

Basalt, the most common rock form in the Earth’s crust, can be spun into fibers for insulation and rebar. Basalt fiber performs as well as glass and carbon fibers at a lower cost in some applications, although it is not widely used in architecture. In cast form, it can make corrosion- and heat-resistant plumbing, cladding and flooring.

“A monomaterial architecture is both a simple and radical proposal that unfortunately falls outside of traditional funding avenues,” says Tibbits. “The Bose grant is the perfect and perhaps the only option for our research, which we see as a uniquely achievable moonshot with transformative potential for the entire built environment.”

[jcmarchi]

MIT announces 2024 Bose Grants

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/mit-announces-2024-bose-grants/

MIT announces 2024 Bose Grants

MIT Provost Cynthia Barnhart announced four Professor Amar G. Bose Research Grants to support bold research projects across diverse areas of study, including a way to generate clean hydrogen from deep in the Earth, build an environmentally friendly house of basalt, design maternity clothing that monitors fetal health, and recruit sharks as ocean oxygen monitors.

This year’s recipients are Iwnetim Abate, assistant professor of materials science and engineering; Andrew Babbin, the Cecil and Ida Green Associate Professor in Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences; Yoel Fink, professor of materials science and engineering and of electrical engineering and computer science; and Skylar Tibbits, associate professor of design research in the Department of Architecture.

The program was named for the visionary founder of the Bose Corporation and MIT alumnus Amar G. Bose ’51, SM ’52, ScD ’56. After gaining admission to MIT, Bose became a top math student and a Fulbright Scholarship recipient. He spent 46 years as a professor at MIT, led innovations in sound design, and founded the Bose Corp. in 1964. MIT launched the Bose grant program 11 years ago to provide funding over a three-year period to MIT faculty who propose original, cross-disciplinary, and often risky research projects that would likely not be funded by conventional sources.

“The promise of the Bose Fellowship is to help bold, daring ideas become realities, an approach that honors Amar Bose’s legacy,” says Barnhart. “Thanks to support from this program, these talented faculty members have the freedom to explore their bold and innovative ideas.”

Deep and clean hydrogen futures

A green energy future will depend on harnessing hydrogen as a clean energy source, sequestering polluting carbon dioxide, and mining the minerals essential to building clean energy technologies such as advanced batteries. Iwnetim Abate thinks he has a solution for all three challenges: an innovative hydrogen reactor.

He plans to build a reactor that will create natural hydrogen from ultramafic mineral rocks in the crust. “The Earth is literally a giant hydrogen factory waiting to be tapped,” Abate explains. “A back-of-the-envelope calculation for the first seven kilometers of the Earth’s crust estimates that there is enough ultramafic rock to produce hydrogen for 250,000 years.”

The reactor envisioned by Abate injects water to create a reaction that releases hydrogen, while also supporting the injection of climate-altering carbon dioxide into the rock, providing a global carbon capacity of 100 trillion tons. At the same time, the reactor process could provide essential elements such as lithium, nickel, and cobalt — some of the most important raw materials used in advanced batteries and electronics.

“Ultimately, our goal is to design and develop a scalable reactor for simultaneously tapping into the trifecta from the Earth’s subsurface,” Abate says.

Sharks as oceanographers

If we want to understand more about how oxygen levels in the world’s seas are disturbed by human activities and climate change, we should turn to a sensing platform “that has been honed by 400 million years of evolution to perfectly sample the ocean: sharks,” says Andrew Babbin.

As the planet warms, oceans are projected to contain less dissolved oxygen, with impacts on the productivity of global fisheries, natural carbon sequestration, and the flux of climate-altering greenhouse gasses from the ocean to the air. While scientists know dissolved oxygen is important, it has proved difficult to track over seasons, decades, and underexplored regions both shallow and deep.

Babbin’s goal is to develop a low-cost sensor for dissolved oxygen that can be integrated with preexisting electronic shark tags used by marine biologists. “This fleet of sharks … will finally enable us to measure the extent of the low-oxygen zones of the ocean, how they change seasonally and with El Niño/La Niña oscillation, and how they expand or contract into the future.”

The partnership with sharks will also spotlight the importance of these often-maligned animals for global marine and fisheries health, Babbin says. “We hope in pursuing this work marrying microscopic and macroscopic life we will inspire future oceanographers and conservationists, and lead to a better appreciation for the chemistry that underlies global habitability.”

Maternity wear that monitors fetal health

There are 2 million stillbirths around the world each year, and in the United States alone, 21,000 families suffer this terrible loss. In many cases, mothers and their doctors had no warning of any abnormalities or changes in fetal health leading up to these deaths. Yoel Fink and colleagues are looking for a better way to monitor fetal health and provide proactive treatment.

Fink is building on years of research on acoustic fabrics to design an affordable shirt for mothers that would monitor and communicate important details of fetal health. His team’s original research drew inspiration from the function of the eardrum, designing a fiber that could be woven into other fabrics to create a kind of fabric microphone.

“Given the sensitivity of the acoustic fabrics in sensing these nanometer-scale vibrations, could a mother’s clothing transcend its conventional role and become a health monitor, picking up on the acoustic signals and subsequent vibrations that arise from her unborn baby’s heartbeat and motion?” Fink says. “Could a simple and affordable worn fabric allow an expecting mom to sleep better, knowing that her fetus is being listened to continuously?”

The proposed maternity shirt could measure fetal heart and breathing rate, and might be able to give an indication of the fetal body position, he says. In the final stages of development, he and his colleagues hope to develop machine learning approaches that would identify abnormal fetal heart rate and motion and deliver real-time alerts.

A basalt house in Iceland

In the land of volcanoes, Skylar Tibbits wants to build a case-study home almost entirely from the basalt rock that makes up the Icelandic landscape.

Architects are increasingly interested in building using one natural material — creating a monomaterial structure — that can be easily recycled. At the moment, the building industry represents 40 percent of carbon emissions worldwide, and consists of many materials and structures, from metal to plastics to concrete, that can’t be easily disassembled or reused.

The proposed basalt house in Iceland, a project co-led by J. Jih, associate professor of the practice in the Department of Architecture, is “an architecture that would be fully composed of the surrounding earth, that melts back into that surrounding earth at the end of its lifespan, and that can be recycled infinitely,” Tibbits explains.

Basalt, the most common rock form in the Earth’s crust, can be spun into fibers for insulation and rebar. Basalt fiber performs as well as glass and carbon fibers at a lower cost in some applications, although it is not widely used in architecture. In cast form, it can make corrosion- and heat-resistant plumbing, cladding and flooring.

“A monomaterial architecture is both a simple and radical proposal that unfortunately falls outside of traditional funding avenues,” says Tibbits. “The Bose grant is the perfect and perhaps the only option for our research, which we see as a uniquely achievable moonshot with transformative potential for the entire built environment.”

#000 #2024 #250 #air #alerts #Alternative energy #Animals #applications #approach #architecture #baby #batteries #Building #building industry #carbon #Carbon dioxide #carbon emissions #Carbon sequestration #change #chemistry #clean energy #climate #climate change #clothing #cobalt #computer #Computer Science #concrete #construction #corrosion

[man-and-atom]

It’s difficult to understand why anyone would ever say that small nuclear reactors would lead to the production of less waste, and yet we have seen the claim made, repeatedly. For a given reactor type, the smaller the core, the greater the loss of neutrons by leakage. This means that the initial fuel charge must have a greater proportion of fissile material, and less of it is consumed before the operating reactivity margin falls too low and it must be replaced.

This study, however, doesn’t make a great deal of sense. The authors concentrate on two factors which are both probably irrelevant. The first is neutron activation of steel — specifically the steel of the reactor pressure vessel. The first reason that this is surprising is that the main constitutents of steel, iron and carbon, do not generally become transformed into radioactive isotopes by interaction with neutrons, and especially not long-lived, energetic radioisotopes. About the only substance commonly found in steel that does become so activated is cobalt, and so that element is typically excluded from reactor construction. (There is also some possibility of neutron absorption in molybdenum to form technetium.) Since the half-life of cobalt-60 is less than 6 years, irradiated stainless steels and other nickel alloys containing traces of cobalt can, if necessary, be held for 60 years for the activity to decay, before being mixed with other scrap steel.

Now, neutron collisions move atoms out of their places in the crystal lattice of a solid material. This happens much more often than the absorption of neutrons to create new (and sometimes radioactive) nuclei. As a result, inside the typical reactor pressure vessel you will find something called a “thermal shield”. This is a steel liner, which is under no structural load, so that changes in its mechanical properties as a result of such displacements, known as “neutron embrittlement”, don’t hurt anything. In other words, its whole function is to stop neutrons from getting to the pressure vessel (which is frequently lined with stainless steel, which in turn may contain traces of cobalt). And since this thermal shield is constructed of materials which do not become strongly and long-lastingly radioactive under neutron bombardment, it can be treated as normal scrap steel after a moderate cooling-off period.

The second factor they consider is radiotoxicity of plutonium in the fuel wastes. This, it seems to us, reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of the role of the small reactor. The large nuclear power reactor is very economical in meeting the energy needs of large cities. In the absence of anti-nuclear political pressure, the demand for such reactors tends to be strong. While there are many potential applications for small reactors, relatively few of them are so economically or technically compelling that they are likely to be pursued, absent a strong commitment to shifting the overall energy supply towards fission.

A heavily-nuclear energy economy requires a closed, regenerative nuclear fuel cycle. In other words, small reactors are not likely to account for more than a very small amount of the nuclear fuel consumed (and thus the fuel waste produced) unless discharged fuel is going to reprocessing plants and into breeder reactors, not to geological repositories for disposal. Therefore the question of “disposing of plutonium” from such small reactors is probably irrelevant.

#nuclear waste #atomic power to the people #small reactors #total nuclearization #deep decarbonization #closed fuel cycle #the plutonium economy

[datadiscoveriesdaily]

Space Mining Market Key Players, Industry Overview, Application and Analysis to 2024 to 2031

Overview:

The Space Mining Market encompasses various activities related to the exploration, extraction, and processing of resources from space. This includes the development of spacecraft specifically designed for mining operations, the identification of suitable targets like resource-rich asteroids, and the creation of technologies for efficient extraction and processing of materials in space. Currently, the market is primarily focused on near-Earth asteroids, believed to contain valuable resources like platinum, nickel, cobalt, and water ice.

Understanding Space Mining

Space mining, also known as extraterrestrial resource exploitation, involves the extraction and processing of valuable minerals, metals, and other resources from celestial bodies such as asteroids, the Moon, and even planets. While the idea of mining in space may seem far-fetched to some, advancements in space exploration and technology have brought this concept within reach.

Request PDF Sample Copy of Report: (Including Full TOC, List of Tables & Figures, Chart) @ https://www.sanglobalresearch.com/request-sample/3179

The Promise of Asteroid Mining

Asteroids, rich in precious metals and rare minerals, have become prime targets for space mining endeavors. These celestial bodies, ranging in size from a few meters to several kilometers, hold vast reservoirs of resources waiting to be tapped. Companies like Planetary Resources and Deep Space Industries have spearheaded efforts to explore and exploit these asteroids, envisioning a future where the resources of space fuel innovation and economic growth on Earth.

Lunar Prospecting: Tapping into the Moon's Resources

The Moon, Earth's closest celestial neighbor, presents another compelling opportunity for space mining. Lunar regolith, the layer of loose, fragmented material covering the Moon's surface, contains a wealth of resources including helium-3, a potential fuel for future fusion reactors, and rare earth elements essential for advanced technologies. Organizations like NASA and private lunar exploration companies are actively researching methods to extract and utilize these resources, laying the groundwork for sustained human presence and industrial activity on the lunar surface.

Research Institutions

Academic and research institutions contribute invaluable expertise and resources to the field of space mining. Universities, laboratories, and think tanks conduct fundamental research, develop innovative technologies, and collaborate with industry partners to address the technical, scientific, and logistical challenges of mining in space.

Challenges and Opportunities

While the prospects of space mining are undeniably exciting, the industry also faces a host of challenges and uncertainties.

Technological Hurdles

Developing the necessary technologies for space mining presents formidable engineering challenges. From autonomous robotic systems capable of prospecting and excavation to advanced resource processing techniques, innovators must overcome numerous technical hurdles to make space mining economically viable.

Legal and Regulatory Frameworks

The absence of comprehensive legal and regulatory frameworks governing space mining raises questions about property rights, environmental impact, and international cooperation. As nations and companies vie for access to extraterrestrial resources, establishing clear guidelines and agreements becomes paramount to ensuring responsible and sustainable exploitation of space resources.

Economic Viability

Despite the abundant resources available in space, the economic viability of space mining remains uncertain. High upfront costs, technological risks, and market uncertainties pose significant barriers to investment and commercialization. However, proponents argue that the long-term benefits of space mining, including access to rare resources, expansion of the space economy, and mitigation of Earth's resource constraints, justify the investment and effort required to overcome these challenges.

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Segmentation:

The Global Space Mining Market is segmented by Phase, by Type of Asteroid, and by region/country.

By Phase:

Based on the Phase, the Global Space Mining Market is bifurcated into Spacecraft Design, Launch & Operation – where Spacecraft Design is dominating and ahead in terms of share.

By Type of Asteroid:

Based on the Type of Asteroid, the Global Space Mining Market is bifurcated into Type C, Type S & Type M – where Type S is dominating and ahead in terms of share.

Key Players in the Space Mining Industry

Deep Space Industries

Planetary Resources

Moon Express

I Space

Asteroid Mining Corp.

Shackleton Energy Co.

Kleos Space

Offworld

Space Fab

NASA

ESA

By Geography

North America (U.S., Canada, and Mexico)

Europe (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, U.K., Russia, and Rest of Europe)

Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, Australia, and Rest of Asia Pacific)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, and Rest of South America)

Middle East & Africa (South Africa, UAE, and Rest of ME&A)

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Conclusion

As humanity ventures ever deeper into the cosmos, the prospect of space mining offers a glimpse into a future where the boundless resources of the universe are within our reach. While numerous challenges lie ahead, the potential rewards of space mining—technological innovation, economic growth, and the advancement of human civilization—underscore the importance of continued exploration and investment in this transformative industry.

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About Us:

At San Global Research Report, we pride ourselves on our commitment to quality and accuracy. Our team of experienced researchers utilizes a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to ensure that our findings are both accurate and reliable. With a strong emphasis on responsiveness, transparency, and collaboration, we work closely with our clients to understand their objectives and deliver actionable insights. Learn more about our research approach and how it can benefit your business.

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#Space Mining Market #Global Space Mining Market #Space Mining Market 2024 #Space Mining Key Players

[omsteel]

Properties of Hastelloy

Understanding Hastelloy Hastelloy is a family of nickel-based superalloys renowned for their extraordinary resistance to a wide range of corrosive environments, including acids, alkalis, and seawater. Composed primarily of nickel, chromium, and molybdenum, with additions of other elements such as cobalt and tungsten, Hastelloy alloys exhibit unparalleled versatility and performance in challenging conditions.

The Key Advantage of Hastelloy The standout feature of Hastelloy alloys lies in their exceptional resistance to corrosion and oxidation. Whether facing aggressive chemical environments, high temperatures, or extreme pressures, Hastelloy maintains its integrity, making it an ideal choice for critical applications in chemical processing, oil and gas, aerospace, and marine industries.

Applications Across Industries The versatility of Hastelloy finds expression in a myriad of industries, where its unique combination of properties meets diverse engineering challenges. In chemical processing plants, Hastelloy is the material of choice for equipment such as reactors, heat exchangers, and piping systems, where exposure to corrosive chemicals is a constant threat.

In the aerospace and automotive sectors, Hastelloy components contribute to the efficiency and reliability of engines, turbines, and exhaust systems, thanks to their ability to withstand high temperatures and aggressive combustion environments.

The oil and gas industry relies on Hastelloy for downhole equipment, valves, and pipelines operating in corrosive reservoir fluids, acidic environments, and high-pressure conditions. Similarly, the marine industry benefits from Hastelloy’s corrosion resistance in seawater applications, such as desalination plants, offshore platforms, and marine exhaust systems.

Durability and Longevity Hastelloy’s exceptional durability and longevity make it a preferred material for critical components subjected to harsh operating conditions. Its resistance to corrosion, erosion, and pitting ensures extended service life and minimizes maintenance requirements, reducing downtime and operating costs for industrial facilities and infrastructure.

#hastelloy #steel industry #manufacturer

[randomstufftournament]

Welcome to ROUND TWO of the Random Stuff Tournament!

We’ve had some devastating losses and some triumphant victories. Every thing is a winner in my heart! Though I suppose that also makes everything a loser too. Hm. Let’s stay positive.

Anyway, here are the matches in this round. We have a few new contenders that will be getting their first chance in the tournament alongside the winners of the last round. Will your favorites defend their wins and move on to Round 3? We’ll see!

a raccoon standing on its hind legs and making too much eye contact vs Tapetum lucidum

The emoticon <3 vs a single small pellet of cobalt-60

sweet potato maki vs 1 can of Goya brand black beans

Jellycat Amore Dog vs a dog who is normal in every way except that it can identify any plant by its scientific name

Wojtek the Bear (member of the Polish Army in exile during WWII) vs Duke the Bush's Baked Beans mascot

a leaf with a tiny bug-sized bite taken out of it vs bread

the first email account you ever made vs jumbo binder clips

a Geiger counter but for great pussy vs Batfish

Green gummy bear vs Mead

The Molasses Flood vs petrichor

Big fluffy bathrobes vs the smell of a Sears auto department

the little fake hands you put on a finger vs the composer fryderyk chopin's heart, encased in a jar of booze in a church in the middle of Warsaw, Poland

the giant catfish in the Chornobyl reactor cooling pond vs sour cream

LipSmacker flavored lip gloss vs uquiz for what kind of kitchen utensil you'd be

paw print set in concrete vs a 2005 Honda Civic with a vinyl wrap of Sasuke on the side

empty snail shell vs 73 dachshunds

single unmatched sock (its mate has been lost) vs $9.99 headphones from CVS

Revolutionary Girl Utena (1997) vs Florida man

wet log on the ground, home to moss and fungi vs The French language

the shoes that Muntadhar al-Zaidi threw at george bush vs The number 11

Matryoshka dolls vs pigeon

swinging so high on a swing set that you become briefly weightless at the top of the arc vs sheet of cat stickers

sex dice that can only deliver confusing combinations vs World peace

SALE! 2/$2.99 Fresh Hass Avocado vs Chromodoris Willani

Pill case vs Glass swan sold at a gas station

glasses without lenses vs Garlic bread

Lego three in ones vs discarded mcdonalds toy found on the sidewalk

Garlic bread (uhhhh I messed something up and garlic bread was on here twice.) **Replacement TBD vs lube that’s just. too slippery to be useful

Skeleton vs World War II veteran who hates sharks

a duck with perfectly formed human hands instead of wings coming out of its shoulders vs a bus pass with $7.33 on it

1 yard of fleece vs roasted garlic

the rabies virus vs white LEDs

Happy voting!

[milesonthenet]

Unseen Stars: Blue Marvel's the hero you should read about.

Welcome to the House of Milesverse, and today we welcome a new guest.

In preparation for February's Black History Month, I have come up with a new discussion topic. I want to explore African-American characters across DC and Marvel who could use a bigger push in media. These are characters that I think could actually serve a purpose beyond the comic book pages.

First on our list is the Blue Marvel. He's a comic book that I read when I was a teenager. However, his story and character has stuck with me for so long.

The Blue Marvel is one of Marvel's unknown powerhouses from their vast catalog of heroes. His real name is Adam Brashear, and he was created by screenwriter Kevin Grievoux. Grievoux created Adam when he was a child, and comic penciler Mat Brome brought that vision to life.

Blue Marvel first debuted in Adam: Legend of The Blue Marvel. The comic book details most of the past and present events regarding his appearance. The events of the story also force him out of retirement, which he had previously put himself into under oath by the president.

Without further ado, let's dive into Marvel's cobalt crusader once and for all.

The Origin:

In life, Adam Brashear was a former fullback from Cornell University. He was also a veteran of the Korean War and a marine with two silver stars. During his tenure in the war, he met Connor Sims, who became a lifelong friend of his.

The two of them became a part of Project Perseus. The purpose of this project was to harness anti-matter from the negative zone as a renewable source of energy. However, their reactor malfunctioned and exploded.

The resulting explosion affected them both differently. Connor Sims was disassembled by it, but he would later return as the Anti-Man. Adam Brashear meanwhile, was blessed with superhuman powers and became the Blue Marvel.

For a time, Blue Marvel was one of the biggest heroes protecting the world in 1962. He was loved by the world, due to his heroic endeavors. However, in a fateful battle, Blue Marvel's mask was broken. The rest of the world found out that day that Blue Marvel was a black man.

Adam Brashear was caught between worlds after these events. White People feared the idea of a black superman living in the same country as them. Black people felt betrayed by Blue Marvel because he didn't serve them.

Ultimately, Adam Brashear was forced to step down by President John F. Kennedy. This was the same day that the president gave him a Medal of Freedom. JFK was pressured into this decision by numerous other politicians.

Since then, Blue Marvel remained a mystery for many decades. The government helped fake his death to keep all tabs on Adam. SHIELD assigned one of their spies to watch over Adam Brashear. The spy, Marlene, eventually married him and gave him three children.

As fate would have it, this was not the end of Blue Marvel's journey. He would resurface as a hero to defeat his archnemesis, Anti-Man once and for all. Blue Marvel would become an avenger, and find new ways to help the world in the modern age.

What does Blue Marvel do?

Blue Marvel's abilities make him a living reactor of anti-matter energy. He is super strong, durable, can fire energy beams, can heal, and is incredibly fast. His strength is so much that he was able to knock out the Ultimate Universe version of The Hulk in one punch.

Blue Marvel has a vast arsenal of abilities beyond these. However, his greatest asset is his intelligence. He is an accomplished scientist whose an expert in anti-matter subjects, and many other fields.

Reasons he deserves a push:

His romance with Monica Rambeau (And the potential set-up for The Ultimates):

Adam Brashear and Monica Rambeau were in love in the past. The two began their relationship while they were on the Mighty Avengers. This on its own would be an easy tie-in as to how to bring Blue Marvel in.

In addition, they also served on another team, as well. The Ultimates were once an alternate version of The Avengers created for the Ultimate Marvel imprint. In the 2010s, they would be resurrected as a team seeking universal solutions to universal problems.

Blue Marvel, Photon, America Chaez, Black Panther, and Captain Marvel were all members on the team. For their first foray, the group had managed to cure Galactus of his hunger for planets. This caused Galactus to become a bringer of life.

The Ultimates would be an easy position for the MCU to use. With the Guardians no longer around, there is a need for a new cosmic team. In addition, there's potential in building an Ultimates lineup using the MCU's characters.

The Black Panther who was a member of the team is not possible, however. Rest in peace to Chadwick Boseman. You would have to substitute T'Challa with Shuri instead, which would also give her something else to do.

Furthermore, there was a rumor going around that Blue Marvel was going to be in The Marvels. If the rumor is true, it is possible that they simply saved him for a later period. Either way, there are many avenues of interest to bring Blue Marvel into the MCU.

The 'Black Superman' trope and how it applies to him:

Blue Marvel is one of the better examples of a 'Black Superman' in my opinion. He is a lot like Superman in some ways. He's just a good man trying to do what's right. His abilities alone also make him a mighty powerhouse much like DC's blue boy scout.

What I think works is how he captures the spirit and attitude of the character. At the end of the day, Adam Brashear is a good man trying to do what's right. Even after being put in a bad situation, he still rose out of retirement to help. That alone is worthy of Superman's indomitable spirit.

In addition, Blue Marvel is also more subtle about being a Superman pastiche in some ways. He might be as physically powerful, but he does not follow the usual routine. He lacks complete copies of Superman's abilities, unlike Hyperion, or Gladiator.

On his own, Blue Marvel's a man helping set what's right in a world full of chaos. He's a warm spirit that aims to protect people, regardless of who they are. He fights for truth, and justice, even in the name of people who are different from him.

A period piece waiting to happen:

Blue Marvel's story is primarily rooted in the 60s era. He was active around that time and went on many adventures. His actions helped earn him a good reputation from the outside people. This is, of course, before he was unmasked as a black man and forbidden from duty.

His story could easily be made as a period piece in the 60s. The civil rights movement was big around that time. It would further serve to highlight the purpose of his character.

In addition, there is still room for him in the modern era as well. You can easily write Blue Marvel being forced out of his current situation like he was in the comics. A scenario where he has to battle against his enemy, the Anti-Man, who has returned. That would also provide a 'modern' touch to his stories for longtime Marvel fans.

Blue Marvel is a perfect choice for a future film.

There is always a question when it comes to creating comic book stories. It always centers on specific characters who have a set purpose and idea. Why specifically, would anyone bring them to the big screen?

Superhero media has placed more focus on non-white superheroes. Black Panther is one of the biggest examples of this that I can think of. Before his film, he was not a big player that mainstream audiences could name. Ever since the release of his MCU film, Black Panther has become synonymous with the modern Marvel audience.

Just like Black Panther, Blue Marvel can be another rising star for the MCU. He's got the talent to just be as good as them if done well. He has the powers, the attitude, and the struggles to make him a legitimate choice. All he needs is an opportunity to rise to the occasion.

Unseen Stars: What's next?

I hope you enjoyed this lesson in black history with Unseen Stars. I already have the next Unseen Stars candidate lined up. Tune in for the next few entries.

#blue marvel #marvel #milesverse #comic books #Unseen Stars #black heroes #black history

[mvsuperalloys]

What is the material properties of Inconel 600? 

Inconel 600 stands out as a material of exceptional performance among high-performance alloys. As the leading Inconel 600 alloy stockist, supplier, trader, dealer, importer, and exporter in India, MV Super Alloys takes pride in offering a comprehensive range of Inconel 600 materials like pipes, tubes, round bars, Coils, Shims, strips, wires, sheets, and plates that cater to diverse industrial needs.

This blog post aims to delve into the material properties of Inconel 600, shedding light on its composition, Inconel 600 mechanical properties, characteristics, and various applications across industries.

Inconel 600 Materials

Inconel 600, a nickel-chromium alloy highly regarded for its resistance to high temperatures and corrosion, possesses a well-defined Inconel 600 composition. This alloy, designed by Inconel 600 specifications aligned with the ASTM standard, showcases unparalleled performance in terms of both composition and mechanical attributes. To delve into the intricate details of its makeup and properties, one can refer to the comprehensive Inconel 600 datasheet. Adhering to stringent Inconel 600 ASTM standards ensures that Inconel 600 is crafted to exact specifications, making it a preferred choice in various industries. Particularly noted for its resilience in extreme heat scenarios, Inconel 600 is extensively utilized in applications like furnace components and chemical processing equipment, where its robust composition and adherence to precise Inconel 600 Specification & standards shine.

Key Material Properties:

Inconel 600, a nickel-chromium alloy, stands out for its unique combination of properties that make it suitable for a wide range of applications. Let's explore the key Inconel 600 material properties apart:

High-Temperature Resistance:

Inconel 600 is celebrated for its exceptional resistance to high temperatures, making it suitable for applications in furnace components, heat exchangers, and aerospace engineering. The alloy maintains its structural integrity even in environments exceeding 2000°F (1093°C).

Corrosion Resistance:

The chromium content in Inconel 600 provides excellent corrosion resistance, making it resistant to various corrosive elements, including chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking. This property makes it a preferred material for chemical processing, marine engineering, and nuclear reactor applications.

Mechanical Strength:

With a combination of nickel and chromium, Inconel 600 exhibits robust mechanical strength, allowing it to withstand high-stress conditions. This characteristic makes it suitable for applications like jet engine components, where both strength and corrosion resistance are crucial.

Oxidation Resistance:

Inconel 600's resistance to oxidation is a key feature that enhances its durability in high-temperature environments. This property makes it a reliable choice for applications involving exposure to oxygen-rich atmospheres, such as combustion zones in gas turbines.

Formability and Weldability:

In addition to its exceptional strength, the Inconel 600 offers good formability and weldability. This allows manufacturers to shape and join the material efficiently, contributing to its versatility in various fabrication processes.

Inconel 600 Specification & Standards

Forms - Rod, Bar, Wire, and Forging Stock

ASTM - B 166 B 564

ASME - SB 166 SB 564

DIN - 17752

Forms - Plate, Sheet, and Strip

ASTM - B 168 B 906

ASME - SB 168 SB 906

DIN -17750

Forms -Pipe and Tube

ASTM - B 167 B 163 B 516 B 517 B 751 B 775 B 829

ASME - SB 163 SB 516 SB 517 SB 751 SB 775 SB 829

DIN -17751

Forms -Other

ASTM -B 366

ASME -SB 366

DIN -17742

Inconel 600 Equivalent

STANDARD - Alloy 600

WERKSTOFF NR. - 2.4816

UNS - N06600

BS - NA 13

GOST - МНЖМц 28-2,5-1,5

JIS - NCF 600

AFNOR - NC15FE11M

EN - NiCr15Fe

Inconel 600 composition

(NI+Co) Nickel + Cobalt - 72.0 min

Chromium (Cr) - 14.0 to 17.0

Iron (Fe)- 6.00 to 10.00

Manganese (Mn) - 1.00 max

Silicon (Si) - 0.50 max

Copper (Cu) - 0.50 max

Cabon ( C ) - 0.15 max

Sulfur (S) - 0.015

Inconel 600 mechanical properties

Density - 8.47 g/cm3

Melting Point - 1413 °C (2580 °F)

Tensile Strength - Psi – 95,000, MPa – 655

Yield Strength (0.2%Offset) - Psi – 45,000, MPa – 310

Elongation - 40 %

Applications of Inconel 600 Alloys

This alloy is widely used in various industries due to its unique combination of properties. Here are some applications of Inconel 600 alloys:

Chemical Processing Industry

Aerospace Industry

Nuclear Reactors

Heat Treatment Industry

Petrochemical Industry

Electronics and Electrical Engineering

Medical Industry

Marine Industry

Automotive Industry

Power Generation

Other Applications

Final Words! Leveraging the exceptional Inconel 600 material properties, As your dedicated Inconel 600 supplier, we prioritize delivering excellence through top-notch materials, competitive pricing, and unmatched customer service. Comprising a precise Inconel 600 composition that aligns with the stringent Inconel 600 specification under the ASTM standard, our materials meet the highest industry standards. For a comprehensive understanding of the Inconel 600 material properties, our clients can refer to the Inconel 600 datasheet, which provides detailed insights into the alloy's mechanical attributes. To reinforce our commitment to quality assurance, every supply of Inconel 600 from MV Super Alloys comes accompanied by a Material Test Certificate (MTC). For those specifically seeking Inconel 600 sheet suppliers in Mumbai or other products, We extend its services with a wide distribution network across India, including Hyderabad, Gujarat, Chennai, Bangalore, Telangana, Rajasthan, Delhi, Punjab, and Himachal Pradesh. Choose us as your trusted partner for reliability, durability, and excellence in every project. Contact us today at [email protected] to discuss your Inconel 600 requirements!

#inconel 600 material properties #inconel 600 composition #inconel 600 specification #inconel 600 astm standard #inconel 600 datasheet #inconel 600 mechanical properties #Inconel 600 sheet suppliers in Mumbai

[smrutiiyerreportprime]

Methanation Catalyst Market: Paving the Way for Sustainable Energy Transformation

The global shift towards cleaner and more sustainable energy sources has sparked a surge in research and innovation across various sectors. In this endeavor, the Methanation Catalyst Market plays a pivotal role by enabling the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen (H2) into methane (CH4), a clean and versatile energy carrier. With a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 0.25%, the market is poised to expand from USD 64.00 million in 2022 to USD 66.00 million by 2030. Let's delve into the scope, dynamics, and recent developments that are shaping the Methanation Catalyst Market.

Understanding Methanation Catalysts and Their Significance

Methanation is a catalytic process that involves the reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to produce methane, also known as synthetic natural gas (SNG). This reaction not only offers a means of utilizing surplus renewable energy but also provides a route to store and transport energy efficiently. Methane can be injected into natural gas pipelines, used as a fuel in various industries, or even as an energy carrier for power generation.

Methanation catalysts are essential components in this conversion process, as they facilitate the reaction and influence its efficiency and selectivity. The catalysts typically consist of metals such as nickel or cobalt supported on suitable carriers like alumina. They play a crucial role in accelerating the reaction kinetics, improving conversion rates, and ensuring the desired product distribution.

Scope and Dynamics of the Methanation Catalyst Market

The Methanation Catalyst Market is primarily driven by the growing emphasis on sustainable energy solutions and carbon emissions reduction:

Renewable Energy Integration: As the world transitions towards renewable energy sources like wind and solar power, surplus energy during peak production times can be converted into methane using methanation catalysts. This allows for effective energy storage and utilization during periods of low renewable energy availability.

Carbon Utilization: Methanation provides a pathway for utilizing carbon dioxide emissions, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases. By capturing and converting CO2 from industrial processes, these catalysts play a role in decarbonizing industries.

Recent Developments in the Methanation Catalyst Market

Recent advancements in the Methanation Catalyst Market are indicative of its evolving role in the energy landscape:

Catalyst Innovation: Researchers are continually exploring novel catalyst formulations to enhance reaction kinetics, selectivity, and stability. Advancements in catalyst design contribute to higher efficiency and reduced energy consumption.

Integrated Systems: The integration of methanation processes with renewable energy sources and carbon capture technologies is gaining traction. These integrated systems offer a holistic approach to sustainable energy production and CO2 reduction.

Efficiency Optimization: Efforts are being directed towards optimizing catalyst formulations and reactor design to maximize methane yield while minimizing byproducts. Improved efficiency leads to better resource utilization and cost-effectiveness.

Exploring Key Players in the Methanation Catalyst Market: Growth, Financials, and Industry Influence

Methanation catalysts, essential components in the production of synthetic natural gas and other renewable fuels, have become crucial for advancing sustainable energy solutions. Within the methanation catalyst market, several key players have emerged as significant contributors, each with a distinct history, growth trajectory, and impact on industries striving for cleaner and more efficient energy production. Let's delve into the past, growth rates, market presence, and production figures of these prominent companies in the methanation catalyst market.

1. Haldor Topsoe A/S:

Haldor Topsoe A/S is a global leader in the methanation catalyst market, renowned for its expertise in catalysis and sustainable technologies. The company's commitment to innovation and green energy solutions has driven its growth. Haldor Topsoe has achieved steady annual growth of approximately 6-8%. With a substantial market presence, the company's revenue from methanation catalysts reached around $150 million in the last fiscal year.

2. Clariant AG:

Clariant AG is another major player in the methanation catalyst market, offering a diverse portfolio of specialty chemicals and catalyst solutions. The company's growth rate has averaged 4-6% annually. Clariant AG holds a market size of approximately $100 million, and its methanation catalyst-related revenue surpassed $80 million in the previous year.

3. BASF SE:

BASF SE is recognized for its significant presence in the methanation catalyst market, providing a wide range of chemical and catalyst solutions. The company's growth rate has been around 3-5% annually. BASF SE holds a market size of about $80 million, and its methanation catalyst-related revenue amounted to $64 million in the last fiscal year.

4. Johnson Matthey Plc:

Johnson Matthey Plc, known for its focus on sustainable technologies and catalysis, is a significant player with expertise in methanation catalysts. The company has experienced growth of around 5-7% annually. Johnson Matthey Plc holds a market size of approximately $60 million, and its revenue from methanation catalysts reached $48 million in the previous year.

5. Süd-Chemie India Pvt. Ltd. (Clariant Chemicals India Ltd.):

Süd-Chemie India Pvt. Ltd., a subsidiary of Clariant Chemicals India Ltd., is recognized for its significant presence in the methanation catalyst market. The company has experienced growth of around 4-6% annually. Süd-Chemie India holds a market size of approximately $40 million, and its methanation catalyst-related revenue reached approximately $32 million in the last fiscal year.

6. Advanced Refining Technologies LLC (Chevron Lummus Global):

Advanced Refining Technologies LLC, a part of Chevron Lummus Global, is a significant player with a focus on catalyst solutions, including methanation catalysts. The company has experienced growth of around 3-5% annually. Advanced Refining Technologies holds a market size of approximately $30 million, and its revenue from methanation catalysts amounted to $24 million in the previous year.

7. Xebec Adsorption Inc.:

Xebec Adsorption Inc. is a significant player in the methanation catalyst market, known for its focus on gas purification and renewable energy solutions. The company has experienced growth of around 2-4% annually. Xebec Adsorption holds a market size of approximately $20 million, and its methanation catalyst-related revenue reached $16 million in the last fiscal year.

8. CRI Catalyst Company (Royal Dutch Shell):

CRI Catalyst Company, a part of Royal Dutch Shell, is a significant player with a focus on catalyst solutions for various industries, including methanation catalysts. The company has experienced growth of around 1-3% annually. CRI Catalyst Company holds a market size of approximately $10 million, and its revenue from methanation catalysts amounted to $8 million in the previous year.

These revenue figures and growth rates provide insights into the market presence and financial performance of these key players in the methanation catalyst market. As the global energy landscape shifts towards cleaner and more sustainable options, these companies are positioned to drive innovation and shape the future of the methanation catalyst market.

In conclusion, the Methanation Catalyst Market's anticipated growth from USD 64.00 million in 2022 to USD 66.00 million by 2030 underscores its essential role in advancing sustainable energy solutions. The market's dynamics are closely intertwined with the global transition towards cleaner energy sources, carbon utilization, and the hydrogen economy.

The significance of methanation catalysts lies not only in their ability to convert CO2 and H2 into methane but also in their contribution to mitigating climate change and promoting energy security. As renewable energy generation expands, the demand for efficient energy storage and utilization technologies like methanation is expected to rise.

The market's recent developments, including catalyst innovations, integrated systems, and collaborative initiatives, reflect a collective effort to harness the potential of methanation for a greener and more sustainable future. As the energy landscape continues to evolve, methanation catalysts remain at the forefront of innovation, offering a pathway towards cleaner energy production, reduced carbon emissions, and enhanced energy security.

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Process of Aluminization

Process of Aluminization

Aluminizing is a thermo-chemical diffusion process that coats a base metal with a layer of aluminum. The process is typically carried out at high temperatures of 800-1000°C, which allows the aluminum atoms to diffuse into the surface of the base metal and form a metallurgical bond. The thickness of the aluminum coating can be controlled by varying the process parameters, such as the temperature, time, and aluminum concentration.

There are two main methods of aluminizing:

1. Hot-dip aluminizing (HDA)

In HDA, the base metal is immersed in a molten bath of aluminum. The aluminum atoms diffuse into the surface of the base metal and form a coating. HDA is a relatively inexpensive and efficient process, and it is widely used to aluminize steel and other metals.

2. Pack cementation aluminizing (PCA)

In PCA, the base metal is placed in a sealed container with a powder mixture containing aluminum and other elements. The container is then heated to a high temperature, which causes the aluminum atoms to diffuse into the surface of the base metal. PCA is a more expensive process than HDA, but it can be used to aluminize a wider range of metals and to produce coatings with different properties.

Advantages of Aluminization

Aluminizing offers a number of advantages, including:

Corrosion resistance: Aluminum has a naturally high resistance to corrosion, and this property is transferred to the base metal after aluminizing. Aluminized metals are highly resistant to atmospheric corrosion, as well as corrosion from chemicals, acids, and other aggressive environments.

High temperature resistance: Aluminum has a high melting point and a good resistance to oxidation, making it ideal for high temperature applications. Aluminized metals can withstand temperatures of up to 1000°C without significant degradation.

Heat reflectivity: Aluminum is a highly reflective metal, and this property is also transferred to aluminized metals. Aluminized metals can reflect up to 90% of incident heat, making them ideal for applications where heat shielding is required.

Wear resistance: Aluminum coatings have a good resistance to wear and abrasion. This makes aluminized metals ideal for applications where the surface is subjected to friction and wear.

Formability: Aluminized metals are still formable, meaning they can be bent, shaped, and welded without damaging the coating.

Cost: Aluminum is a relatively inexpensive metal, and the aluminizing process is also relatively inexpensive. This makes aluminization a cost-effective way to improve the properties of base metals.

Applications of Aluminizing

Aluminizing is used in a wide variety of applications, including:

Automotive: Aluminized steel is used in automotive exhaust systems, radiators, and other components that are exposed to high temperatures and corrosive environments.

Aerospace: Aluminized metals are used in aircraft and spacecraft components, such as jet engines, heat shields, and rocket nozzles.

Power generation: Aluminized metals are used in power generation components, such as gas turbines, boilers, and heat exchangers.

Chemical processing: Aluminized metals are used in chemical processing equipment, such as reactors, valves, and piping.

Food processing: Aluminized metals are used in food processing equipment, such as ovens, conveyor belts, and cooking utensils.

Examples of Aluminized Products

Some common examples of aluminized products include:

Aluminized steel exhaust systems

Aluminized steel radiators

Aluminized steel heat exchangers

Aluminized steel food processing equipment

Aluminized nickel-based alloys for jet engines

Aluminized cobalt-based alloys for rocket nozzles

Aluminized heat shields for aircraft and spacecraft

Aluminized chemical processing equipment

Conclusion

Aluminizing is a versatile and cost-effective process that can be used to improve the properties of a wide range of metals. Aluminized metals are highly resistant to corrosion, high temperatures, heat, and wear. They are also formable and relatively inexpensive. Aluminized metals are used in a wide variety of applications, including automotive, aerospace, power generation, chemical processing, and food processing.