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Outcomes of scientific studies such as Marks-Block’s often affirm what Native people already know from tradition and experience, but that doesn’t mean the studies aren’t useful, Tripp says.

“We knew what the outcome was going to be,” he says. “But nobody listens if it isn’t written down like that.”

Being able to cite scientific literature may be especially important as Indigenous groups push for more rights, especially on “ceded territories” they still claim but no longer own. For example, Karuks want more burning rights on Forest Service land, while neighboring Yuroks are pushing to co-manage and conduct controlled burns in Redwood National Park.

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Hues of Blue and Gold, Aspen Grove, Beartooth Range, Wyoming. This is the most beautiful fall we have had in years.

© riverwindphotography, September 2021

#I love these trees

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Birch bark cherry.

Prunus serrula.

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The main purpose of racial/racist gaslighting here is to stop conversations about racism in fandom.

It’s an engagement type with a goal to make fans of color and white people in fandom second guess the validity of conversations on racism in fandom. To make the people talking about it seem unhinged and manipulative just for sharing what’s actually happening to them on a regular basis.

It does this by making people question fans of color who are like “well this is racist, here’s why”… usually by putting fans of color who are very vocal POC TOO up front to mock and dismiss our experiences. They do this by frontloading their side of fandom conversations about racism with people who imply that other people of color are just imagining racism here.

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stop everything, this is bitty doing research for his thesis

there’s more lmao, unhinged bitty energy

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Floating leaves and berries

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Miscellaneous

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FTA: “Plants use a variety of mechanisms to communicate with other organisms, including one another. Volatile compounds can signal flowering and attract pollinators, for instance, and mycorrhizal fungal networks can transmit warnings or transfer resources. Small RNAs are on that list of communication molecules, and new findings confirm their potential: according to a paper published October 14 in Nature Plants, the plant Arabidopsis thaliana secretes microRNAs (miRNAs)—a type of small, single-stranded RNAs—into its liquid growth medium. Nearby individuals then take up these RNAs, which alter their gene expression patterns by binding to messenger RNAs and preventing certain genes from being translated into proteins (a process known as RNA interference). 

Hailing Jin, a plant molecular geneticist at the University of California, Riverside, who was not involved in the study, says it’s exciting to see that plants can take up microRNAs from the environment, including those “secreted by other plants through the roots.” 

That small RNAs can be exchanged between different organisms is not new. In addition to their role as regulators of gene expression within an individual—as part of development or in response to stress—they have been implicated in defense against pathogens in recent years. For instance, Arabidopsis cells infected with the pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea secrete small RNAs packed in extracellular vesicles that, when delivered into their attacker, inhibit its virulence. Plants are also able to take up sprayed RNA molecules targeting genes from pathogens. The recent findings are the first evidence of plants taking up RNA secreted by other plants into the environment. “

…

“Why would a plant need to affect another plant’s gene expression? One possibility, Perata posits, is that “sharing information by exchanging RNA would allow plants experiencing a stress to warn nearby plants, not yet affected by the stress.” Competition could be another explanation, he writes; for instance, if a plant releasing miRNAs “could inhibit physiological functions in a nearby plant,” it could gain “a competitive advantage for the use of resources.”

One unanswered question is how the plants take up these tiny molecules from the environment. Previous work studying RNA exchange between plants and pathogens suggests that exosomes, a type of vesicles that can act as delivery vehicles, might be involved in the process. However, the researchers found that applying extracted, presumably naked miRNAs or synthetic RNAs had an effect in gene expression, suggesting that exosomes aren’t needed for uptake. “

…

“Guo points out that, as this mechanism has only been explored in hydroponically grown plants, it’s not yet clear “whether seedlings growing in soil … would have effects on regulation of gene expression in [nearby] plants”—something future studies could examine. J

in adds that these new findings open a lot of new questions, and that there is likely much more to learn about the role of RNA in plant communication. What we currently know about it is just the “tip of the iceberg,” she concludes. “

#botany #plants #plants are the best

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Outcomes of scientific studies such as Marks-Block’s often affirm what Native people already know from tradition and experience, but that doesn’t mean the studies aren’t useful, Tripp says.

“We knew what the outcome was going to be,” he says. “But nobody listens if it isn’t written down like that.”

Being able to cite scientific literature may be especially important as Indigenous groups push for more rights, especially on “ceded territories” they still claim but no longer own. For example, Karuks want more burning rights on Forest Service land, while neighboring Yuroks are pushing to co-manage and conduct controlled burns in Redwood National Park.

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My favourite spot to sit and the view from that spot. Not heard: green frogs croaking and a male red wing blackbird yelling at me to move on because his mate is on a nest in the reeds somewhere.

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The fact that corn, poatoes, tomatoes, pumpkins, blueberries, strawberries, raspberries, and chocolate weren’t encountered by Europeans until less than 400 years ago is astonishing.

Like white folks became so dependant on the hundreds of years of labor that Native Americans put into domesticating these crops and now they’re so removed culturally from their origins that they’ve become inherant parts of white culture.

When you think of tomatoes do you think of Mexican, or Italian food? When you think of potatoes can you picture the Quechua or Ireland and the UK, Russia, France maybe? Does chocolate make you think of Belgian and Swiss truffles, or Olmec cacao?

Pumpkin may be the oldest domesticated plant but it doesn’t evoke images of the ancient Native peoples of the southern US. It’s white girls with pumpkin spice lattes and white mom’s pumpkin pie.

I don’t really know where I’m going with this but it makes me feel things

#here's my gardening blog getting political #but there are a lot of issues in gardening that are fundamentally racist #I keep rediscovering that

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I’m so excited! These silvery little dudes are pearly everlasting, and I managed to spot them before I mowed over them. Woo! Can’t wait until they bloom.

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I had two big jobs for today. One was to dig out and bag up tarps from an area where we used to stack firewood. Yes, they'd been there so long we had to dig them out.

The second was to help the two high bush blueberry bushes flanking that birch in the picture. They spent many years buried in overgrowth so I raked it out, whipper snipped, prumed one or two old canes off each, and dressed the ground with compost. I'll go back tomorrow to mow and mulch, but I think they're now in a better position then they've been in years. Let's hope there's some new growth next year.

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Nigella which gently reseeds itself.

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When your non-gardening friend says you can have some bleeding hearts and hostas from her garden, grab your shovel and rush over immediately.

Because she may decide to dig them out herself and deliver them and... hoo boy, even hostas need some root.

I’m overstating things a tad because she actually did great with one hosta, but I’m keeping a close eye on the other one and the gorgeous bleeding heart she gave me. There was not a whole lot to plant under the ground.

#I might prune the BH a bit because I'm worried there's too much for the roots that are left to support