#west bengal governor

[breaking-news-portal]

Jagdeep Dhankhar was once a special disciple of Devilal, also became MLA from Congress

Jagdeep Dhankhar was once a special disciple of Devilal, also became MLA from Congress

Vice President Election 2022: BJP has announced the name of West Bengal Governor Jagdeep Dhankhar as NDA for the post of Vice President. Seeing the equation being created regarding the Vice Presidential election, it is believed that Jagdeep Dhankhar will be elected as the next Vice President of the country. Jagdeep Dhankhar has been a famous leader of Rajasthan. There are also many interesting…

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#B J P #BJP #Devi Lal #Devilal #Jagdeep Dhankhar #Jagdeep Dhankhar Biography #Jagdeep Dhankhar Congress MLA #Jagdeep Dhankhar Jaat Leader #Jagdeep Dhankhar Jat leader #Jagdeep Dhankhar News #JP Nadda #NDA #NDA Vice President Candidate #NDA Vice Presidential Candidate #Vice President Election 2022 #Vice President Election Equation #West Bengal Governor

[banglakhobor]

দেশজুড়ে ৫০৮ স্টেশনের সংস্কারের সূচনা মোদির, 'Amrit' ছোঁয়ায় বাংলার এই স্টেশনগুলি!

কলকাতা: আজ গোটা দেশে ৫০৮ রেলওয়ে স্টেশনের পুনঃউন্নয়নের ভিত্তিপ্রস্তর স্থাপন করলেন প্রধানমন্ত্রী নরেন্দ্র মোদি। অমৃত ভারত স্টেশন প্রকল্পের অধীনে ২৪,৪৭০ কোটি টাকারও বেশি খরচে স্টেশনগুলি পুনঃবিকাশ করা হবে। ২৭ রাজ্য ও কেন্দ্রশাসিত অঞ্চলে মোট ৫০৮ স্টেশনের পুনঃবিকাশ করা হবে এই অমৃত ভারত স্কিমের আওতায়। যার মধ্যে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের ৩৭ স্টেশন করা হবে উন্নীত। পশ্চিমবঙ্গের ৩৭টি স্টেশনের মধ্যে রয়েছে ব্যারাকপুর…

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#37 station redevelopment From West Bengal #৫০৮ স্টেশন #Amrit Bharat Station Scheme #Barrackpur #Governor C V Ananda Bose #Indian Railways #Modi #PM Modi #Redevelopment of 508 stations #West Bengal News #অমৃত ভারত স্কিম #পশ্চিমবঙ্গ #প্রধানমন্ত্রী নরেন্দ্র মোদি

[worldinyourpalm]

पश्चिम बंगाल के राज्यपाल को दिल्ली तलब तृणमूल सरकार के साथ ताजा मेलजोल से भाजपा नाराज | The governor of West Bengal was called to Delhi, BJP displeased with most recent amity with Trinamool government;

भाजपा और टीएमसी के बीच एक राजनीतिक लड़ाई

बंगाली सीखने के लिए पश्चिम बंगाल के राज्यपाल के उत्साह ने भाजपा और टीएमसी के बीच एक राजनीतिक लड़ाई शुरू कर दी क्योंकि सत्तारूढ़ तृणमूल सरकार ने राजभवन के साथ अपने संबंध में संशोधन किया।

कोलकाता: मुख्यमंत्री ममता बनर्जी की मौजूदगी में मंच पर 'जॉय बांग्ला' (बंगाल की जीत) कहने के कुछ घंटे बाद पश्चिम बंगाल के राज्यपाल सी. वी. आनंद बोस गुरुवार देर रात नई दिल्ली पहुंचे. उनके राष्ट्रीय राजधानी में उपराष्ट्रपति और बंगाल के पूर्व राज्यपाल जगदीप धनखड़ और केंद्रीय गृह मंत्री अमित शाह से मिलने की संभावना है।

जहां तृणमूल कांग्रेस का दावा है कि यह एक निर्धारित बैठक है, वहीं भारतीय जनता पार्टी का कहना है कि पश्चिम बंगाल में सत्तारूढ़ तृणमूल सरकार के साथ ताजा मेलमिलाप के बीच समन आया है।

तृणमूल कांग्रेस और राजभवन (कोलकाता) में तलवारें चलीं

'राज्यपाल की संवैधानिक भूमिका होती है, टीएमसी के साथ उनकी निकटता राजभवन और टीएमसी कार्यालय के बीच की रेखाओं को लगभग धुंधला कर रही है। पूर्व राज्यसभा सदस्य स्वपन दासगुप्ता ने दिप्रिंट को बताया कि हमने अतीत में इसी तरह के आरोपों का सामना किया है और अब हम देख सकते हैं कि कैसे स्थितियां बदली हैं.

हाल ही में ममता बनर्जी की तृणमूल कांग्रेस और राजभवन (कोलकाता) में तलवारें चलीं। लेकिन आज, सी वी आनंद बोस के आगमन के साथ वह समीकरण पूरी तरह से बदल गया है। अपने पूर्ववर्ती जगदीप धनखड़ के विपरीत, बोस के ममता बनर्जी के साथ सौहार्दपूर्ण संबंध हैं, जिसने भाजपा को नाराज कर दिया है, जिस पर टीएमसी ने धनखड़ के शासन के दौरान राजभवन को पार्टी कार्यालय में बदलने का आरोप लगाया था।

शपथ ग्रहण समारोह के बाद धनखड़ के साथ मिलकर काम करने वाले वरिष्ठ अधिकारियों का राजभवन से तबादला कर दिया गया. इसमें सेना और भारतीय पुलिस सेवा दोनों के सहयोगी-डे-कैंप (एडीसी) शामिल थे। धाखर के साथ काम करने वाले अतिरिक्त मुख्य सचिव को उपराष्ट्रपति के कार्यालय में स्थानांतरित कर दिया गया, और कोलकाता में एक नए प्रमुख सचिव को तैनात किया गया। नए अधिकारियों के साथ, राजभवन (कोलकाता) ने एक नया अध्याय शुरू किया है, लेकिन बिना फेसऑफ़ के नहीं; केवल इस बार, यह भाजपा है जो साथ नहीं मिल पाई है.....

#west bengal #Bengal politics #bengal governor #Bengal govt #trinamool congress #mamta banerjee #bengali #delhi bjp #bengal bjp #politics #indian news #indian politics

[boc-news]

বাংলার নতুন রাজ্যপাল হিসেবে শপথ গ্রহণ করলেন সিভি আনন্দ বোস

বাংলার নতুন রাজ্যপাল হিসেবে শপথ গ্রহণ করলেন সিভি আনন্দ বোস

বুধবার বাংলার নতুন রাজ্যপাল (Governor) হিসেবে শপথ গ্রহণ করলেন সিভি আনন্দ বোস (CV Anand Bose)। সরকারি নির্ঘণ্ট অনুযায়ী, নতুন রাজ্যপালকে কলকাতা হাইকোর্টের প্রধান বিচারপতি প্রকাশ শ্রীবাস্তব (Prakash Srivastava) শপথবাক্য পাঠ করান। এদিন এই সপথ গ্রহণের অনুষ্ঠানে উপস্থিত ছিলেন বিধানসভার স্পিকার বিমান বন্দ্যোপাধ্যায়, প্রবীণ বামনেতা বিমান বসু, প্রাক্তন রাজ্যপাল গোপালকৃষ্ণ গান্ধি, মুখ্যমন্ত্রী মমতা…

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#CV Anand Bose #governor #West Bengal

[globalcourant]

Prophet Remark: Internet Shutdown in 2 Bengal Districts; BJP Demands Central Forces, Meets Governor

Prophet Remark: Internet Shutdown in 2 Bengal Districts; BJP Demands Central Forces, Meets Governor

After Howrah district, the West Bengal government on Saturday suspended internet services in parts of Murshidabad till June 14 following tension over controversial remarks on Prophet Mohammad made by now-suspended BJP leaders Nupur Sharma and Naveen Jindal. A similar internet clampdown is already in place in Howrah till June 13, which was rocked by violence and arson yesterday. Protesters…

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#Bengal #BJP #central #demands #districts #forces #governor #howrah #internet #mamata banerjee #meets #Prophet #Prophet Muhammad #remark #shutdown #TMC #west bengal

[fatehbaz]

all the time, gotta walk away, for a moment, take a break, infuriated, when reading about European implementation of forced labour in plantations (especially in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, whether it's sugarcane or rubber or tea or banana, whether it's British plantations in Assam or Malaya; Belgian plantations in Congo; French plantations in West Africa; Dutch plantations in Java; United States-controlled plantations in Haiti or Guatemala or Cuba or Colombia). and the story is always: "and then the government tried to find a way to reimpose slavery under a different name. and then the government destroyed vast regions of forest for monoculture plantations. and then the government forced thousands to become homeless and then criminalized poverty to force people into plantation work or prison labor." like the plantation industries are central (entangled with every commodity and every infrastructure project) and their directors are influencing each other despite spatial distance between London and the Caribbean and the Philippines.

and so the same few dozen administrators and companies and institutions keep making appearances everywhere, like they have outsized influence in history. like they are important nodes in a network. and they all cite each other, and write letters to each other, and send plant collection gifts to each other, and attend each other's lectures, and inspire other companies and colonial powers to adapt their policies/techniques. not to over-simplify, but sometimes it's like the same prominent people, and a few key well-placed connections and enablers in research institutions or infrastructure companies. they're prison wardens and lietuenant governors and medical doctors and engineers and military commanders and botanists and bankers, and they all co-ordinate these multi-faceted plans to dispossess the locals, build the roads, occupy the local government, co-erce the labour, tend the plants, ship the products.

so you'll be reading the story of like a decade in British Singapore and you're like "oh, i bet that one ambitious British surgeon who is into 'economics' and is obsessed with tigers and has the big nutmeg garden in his backyard is gonna show up again" and sure enough he does. but also sometimes you're reading about another situation halfway across the planet and then they surprise you (because so many of them are wealthy and influential and friends with each other) and it'll be like "oh you're reading about a British officer displacing local people to construct a new building in Nigeria? surprise cameo! he just got a letter from the dude at the university back in London or the agriculturalist in Jamaica or the urban planner from Bombay, they all went to school together and they're also all investors in the same rubber plantation in Malaya". so you'll see repeated references to the same names like "the British governor of Bengal" or "[a financial institution or bank from Paris or New York City]" or "[a specific colonial doctor/laboratory that does unethical experiments or eugenics stuff]" or "lead tropical agriculture adviser to [major corporation]" or "the United Fruit Company" and it's like "not you again"

[glorioushistorian]

INDIAN INDEPENDENCE

On 15 August 1947, the 89-year-old British Raj was dissolved. India and Pakistan emerged as two independent dominions within the British Commonwealth of Nations. The title "Emperor of India", which had been carried by 4 generations of the royal family was executed. Under the terms of the declaration issued at the 1926 Imperial Conference, they were united with the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and the other realms through common allegiance to the Crown.

According to the Indian Independence Act, which received royal assent on 17 July 1947, the British Government lost all responsibility to these new dominions. The Viceroy's office was abolished and the offices of the Governor-General were established in both these realms. Louis Mountbatten was appointed the first Governor-General of free India and Muhammad Ali Jinnah was appointed Pakistan's firsts Governor-General. These Governors-General were to be representatives of the Crown and were given the full power to give assent in His Majesty's name. They executed this power on the advice of the Prime Minister's cabinet. George VI became "King of India" and remained so till 1950. He also became King of Pakistan and remained so till his death.

Mountbatten offered to serve as Governor-General for both India and Pakistan. However, his offer was rejected by the Muslim League

In June 1948, Mountbatten's tenure as Governor-General came to an end. Jawaharlal Nehru advised King George VI to appoint C Rajagopalachari as the new Governor-General. Nehru sent a letter to the King, which read - "Jawaharlal Nehru presents his humble duty to Your Majesty, and has the honour to submit for Your Majesty's approval, the proposal of Your Majesty's Ministers in the Dominion of India, that Sri Chakravarthy Rajagopalachari, to be appointed as the Governor of West Bengal on the demission of that office by His Excellency the Earl Mountbatten of Burma." Rajagopalachari became the first native Indian Governor-General. He was also the last Governor-General.

At the Commonwealth Prime Minister's Conference in 1949, Nehru expressed the desire of India to become a republic but continue her membership as a member of the Commonwealth. Other Prime Ministers agreed to this proposal. It was decided that India would still recognize the King as the symbol of free association and the Head of Commonwealth. George VI was officially declared the Head of Commonwealth. On 26 January, 1950, India adopted her constitution and George VI ceased to be the King of India. The office of the Governor-General of India too was abolished and replaced by the office of the President. Dr Rajendra Prasad became the first President of India.

Pakistan retained the dominion prefix till 1956. In September 1948, when Jinnah died of tuberculosis, PM Liaquat Ali Khan advised King George VI to appoint Khwaja Nazimuddin as the Governor-General.

In 1951, PM Ali Khan was assassinated. Nazimuddin resigned from the post of Governor-General and became the second Prime Minister of Pakistan. Sir Ghulam Muhammad was appointed as Governor-General. On 6 February 1952, King George VI died in his sleep. In view of the King's death, all Government offices in Pakistan remained closed on 7 February. George VI's daughter, Elizabeth II was proclaimed Queen throughout all her realms, including Pakistan.

In 1953, Governor-General Ghulam Muhammad dismissed Nazimuddin as the Prime Minister. Nazimuddin pleaded the Queen to intervene, however, she refused to do so.

Mohammad Ali Bogra was appointed as the new PM.

Due to his declining health, Ghulam Muhammad had to take an absence and go to the UK for his treatment. He appointed Iskander Mirza as the acting Governor-General, who in turn dismissed him.

Mirza became the last Governor-General of Pakistan. The monarchy was abolished in March 1956, with the adoption of Pakistan's constitution. The Islam Republic of Pakistan was established, with Iskander Mirza as the President.

[sykhan048]

Your Beloved...(Chapter 11)

Mini and Cutler walking together. After some time they both stop as cutler is tired now. His leg is weak now. They were sat on the sea shore.

Mini: Is your leg hurting?

Cutler: Yes, (sigh) A little.

Mini: The infection is recover but your leg is became little weak now.

Cutler: But it's better than lost of leg. If the infection won't recover maybe you would have been cut my leg.

Mini: yes. but Thank god.

Cutler: By the way we are staying together almost 1 month. But We don't know anything other than each other's names.  And as friends, we have the right to know about each other. Is not it?

Mini: Yes, you're right. let's start.

Cutler: So, I am Lord Cutler Becket. The...

Mini: The Chairman of East India Trading Company. You joined East India Trading Company as a governor. For many years you faithfully served the Company, eventually becoming the Director of West African Imports and Exports for the Company. From your post in calabar , you organized a search for the mythical  island of karma, hoping to find its legendary trajor. But something happened there and you mission became unsuccessful. You nonetheless continued to work for the Company. More than a decade after the incompleat mission, You were granted the title of , eventually becoming the Company's governor. As a duly appointed representative of king george II, he led the Company's expansion in the Caribbean, taking control over Port royal with the blessing of the Crown, turning it into his base of operations. With the huge EITC fleet and army of mercenaries an under your command, Lord Beckett made it his goal to forever annihilate piracy  from the world. And then.....

Cutler: How do you know that?

Mini: amm....actually...(nervous)

Cutler: who are you? How do you know about this? (suspicious)

Mini: (in mind) If I tell him that I am from future then he will take this in wrong way. I won't be able to know him properly.

Cutler: Mini...

Mini: oh..come on Cutler... You only said this to me.

Cutler: Did I? When?

Mini: When you was at unconscious state.

Cutler: Really?

Mini: yes.. and you were also muttering some like sparrow, pirates many things. What was that mean?

Cutler: AAhan...long story. I will tell you later. Now will you tell me about yourself?

Mini: Ok...(bright smile) As you know my name. Soudamini Sen. You can understand by my name that I am from India, West Bengal. I am a doctor. Actually I'm studying in medical science. My vacation is started so I decided to do a tour of Caribbean.

Cutler: Strange.

Mini: why?

Cutler: Because I didn't hear about any Indian is studying and they are involved at this noble work.

Mini is about to argue but the she remember that She is in past.

Mini: Yes, now it's looking rare but in future this will be an ultimate truth.

Mini said with a sparkling eyes.

Cutler: (in mind) Will it really happen? Don't know. But there was a determination in her voice. It makes me forcefully believe that it will surely happen. She is so young. But sometimes talk like a matured person.

Mini: Hey, where have you lost? (waving her hand)

Cutler: Oh...nowhere.

Mini: Breakfast in ready. I think we should go.

Cutler: Hmm...let's go.

She help him to stand and they headed to their hut.

Black pearl,

Barbosa: (tensed) hey Captain Turner. you should stay careful.

Will: What happen?

Barbosa: Devy jone is get his life back.

Elizabeth: WHAT?????

Elizabeth: Barbosa, how can be Devy Jones is alive? Will was stabbed on his heart and killed him.

Barbosa: You forgot one thing your highness. Calypso is alive. Maybe she did something.

Will: But Barbosa, It was a rule that The Dutchman must have a Captain. And The Captain should be immoral.

Elizabeth: Devy jones, stated this ritual. He cut his heart and close it in a chest. So that's why will cut his heart and dedicate himself to the sea and take this responsibility. The Captain of Dutchman has a responsibility to the souls of people who died in the sea. He take them to the after life.

Bill turner: But Calypso is an unpredicted goddess. We can't guess her intention your highness.

Bill Turner came there.

Barbosa: your highness, I need sometime to find more detail regarding this.

Elizabeth: ok...Mr. Gibs you will bring jack.

Mr. gibs: aye...

Elizabeth: dismiss.

Everyone is gone. Elizabeth is looking worried.

Elizabeth: Will...

She went to him.

Will: don't worry Elizabeth.

Elizabeth is about to hug him.

CAP'N TURNER. WE SHOULD SET SAIL.

Will: aye...(to Elizabeth) I have to go. take care.

Will went to his ship. Elizabeth is looking at him with teary eyes.

Bill came and held her shoulder.

Elizabeth: Father...(teary eye)

Bill: Dear, My son is alive with the power of you love. Don't worry. He'll back.

Elizabeth wipes her tears and nods.

Bill: So, your highness. May I take my leave ?

Elizabeth: (smile) Sure Mr. Turner.

Will: Mr. turner

Bill look at Will.

Will: if you say you can stay with your beloved daughter-in-law. 

Elizabeth: Well he has more experience than you Captain Turner and you really need him my dear husband.

She look at Bill.

Bill: Yes, your highness....Aye Aye Cap'n.

The Dutchman set the sail and Barbosa keep researching for the reason of the mess is going. 

#@fandom-imaginees #potc #potc fanfiction #lord cutler beckett #lord cutler beckett x reader #cutler beckett #cutler beckett x reader #pirates #pirates of the carribean: at worlds end #pirates of the carribean #pirates of the caribbean #fanfiction #cutler beckett imagine #cutler beckett fanfiction #cutler becket X fem reader #tomholander #cutler becket x oc

[hlc2024]

Top Law College in West Bengal

Haldia Law College (HLC) established in 2002, under the humble patronage of Dr. Lakshman Seth, serves as one of the pioneer institutions of this country in the field of law. Haldia Law College, an institution of Indian Centre for Advancement of Research and Education (ICARE), is affiliated to the Vidyasagar University, West Bengal and approved by the Bar Council of India. The academic foundation of this college is built on the principles, ethics and morals in the purest sense. Haldia Law College is ever evolving under the patronage and guidance of eminent legal minds of our times, thus creating the right atmosphere for legal studies and further research. In terms of faculty strength and placements, the college earned a place in the first fifteen leading law colleges in India, which was published in the June 2008 ‘Outlook’ issue. The Board of Governors of the college consists of personalities from all sections of the legal community including academicians, eminent lawyers and social workers.The highly advanced curriculum of five years integrated B.A.LL.B. (Hons.) Course, three years LL.B. Course and two years LL.M. Course are offered by this college, making it one of the few premier law institutes in the eastern region of India that extends all the above-mentioned courses simultaneously

#Top Law College in West Bengal #Best 5 Years LLB Course in west Bengal

[swamyworld]

BJP 'national conspiracy' with central agencies: TMC letter to West Bengal Governor | India News

Kolkata: In a scathing letter addressed to West Bengal Governor CV Anand Bose, the Trinamool Congress (TMC) has warned of what it describes as a “serious situation” ahead of the upcoming Lok Sabha elections. The party alleged that the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) was in an apparent collusion with central institutions to weaken the opposition. The TMC has alleged that there is a nexus between the…

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[breaking-news-portal]

Mamta Banerjee called a meeting of TMC MPs regarding the Vice Presidential election

Mamta Banerjee called a meeting of TMC MPs regarding the Vice Presidential election

TMC Meeting On Vice President Election: West Bengal CM Mamta Banerjee has called a meeting of Trinamool Congress (TMC) MPs to discuss the Vice Presidential election. A meeting of Trinamool Congress MPs has been called on July 21 to discuss the party’s strategy for the upcoming Parliament session and the Vice Presidential election. A statement issued by the party said, “Everyone is informed that…

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#BJP #Draupadi Murmu #Jagdeep Dhankhar #Jagdeep Dhankhar News #Mamata Banerjee #NDA #NDA Vice President Candidate #NDA Vice Presidential Candidate #Presidential Election 2022 #TMC #TMC MP Meeting #Vice President Election 2022 #west bengal #West Bengal Governor #Yashwant Sinha

[petnews2day]

Breaking News LIVE: 5.5 magnitude earthquake strikes New York - India News

New Post has been published on https://petn.ws/RhcHS

Breaking News LIVE: 5.5 magnitude earthquake strikes New York - India News

19:54 (IST) 5 Apr 2024 Breaking News LIVE: West Bengal Guv orders judicial inquiry West Bengal Governor CV Ananda Bose says, “I have ordered a judicial enquiry in my capacity as Governor and chancellor. 17:27 (IST) 5 Apr 2024 Breaking News LIVE: Over 20 people rescued after fire breaks in Bengaluru More than 20 people […]

See full article at https://petn.ws/RhcHS #OtherNews

#Other News

[boc-news]

রাজ্যের নতুন রাজ্যপাল সিভি আনন্দ বোস, জেনে নিন তাঁর কর্মজীবন

রাজ্যের নতুন রাজ্যপাল সিভি আনন্দ বোস, জেনে নিন তাঁর কর্মজীবন

বাংলার নতুন রাজ্যপাল (Governor) হবেন সিভি আনন্দ বোস (CV Anand Bose)। তিনি পশ্চিমবঙ্গের ২২ তম রাজ্যপাল। বৃহস্পতিবার রাষ্ট্রপতি ভবনের তরফে এই কথা ঘোষণা করা হয়েছে। এক বিবৃতির মাধ্যমে জানানো হয়েছে, সি ভি আনন্দ বোসকে পশ্চিমবঙ্গের স্থায়ী রাজ্যপাল হিসাবে নিয়োগ করা হবে। বিবৃতিতে বলা হয়, ‘স্থায়ী ভাবে বাংলার রাজ্যপাল হিসেবে ডঃ সিভি আনন্দ বসুকে নিয়োগ করলেন রাষ্ট্রপতি। যে দিন দায়িত্ব গ্রহণ করবেন উনি, সে…

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#CV Anand Bose #governor #West Bengal

[cavenewstimes]

Bengal crisis escalates as governor asks government to axe education minister

KOLKATA: West Bengal governor CV Ananda Bose “directed” the Bengal govt on Thursday to sack state education minister Bratya Basu, prompting the latter to say this was “as laughable as myself recommending the removal of the governor to the President”.Basu said governor Bose had not only revealed his true colours but exceeded his constitutional brief in asking for his removal, which is the…

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[fatehbaz]

Things are bleak when even the insatiable industrialists, businesses, and colonial governors of the British Empire say that wealth and profit should be secondary goals/concerns to the most important guiding principle of provoking "pain, dread, and terror".

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[There was] development of a penal order or prison disciplinary system in nineteenth-century colonial India designed to extract the labour of convicts [...]. Colonial authorities, particularly in Bengal, the largest presidency of India, which then included the present-day states of West Bengal, Assam, [...] and the nation-state of Bangladesh, increasingly deployed prisoners in intramural [indoor] instead of extramural [outdoor] work. [...] The shift to handicrafts production resulted from the efforts of the colonial state to increase the severity of the conditions of incarceration as per the recommendations of the influential Prison-Discipline Committee of the late 1830s that found the existing penal disciplinary system wanting [...]. According to this Committee, whose report became the primer for penal and judicial reform in the nineteenth century, the employment of prisoners in public works, especially road construction, was definitely ‘the worst method of treatment … ever … provided under the British Government for this class of persons'. [...] In its estimation, [...] such outdoor work [...] had the additional [...] [quality] of developing ‘frightful’ rates of mortality.

Particularly in Bengal, the initial experiments [...] gave way to [...] employment of prisoners indoors in handicrafts production [...]. No one championed that practice more enthusiastically than F. J. Mouat, a medical officer who became the inspector-general of prisons in Bengal in 1855 and convened the first ever province-wide exhibition in Calcutta in 1856 to celebrate and stimulate jail handicrafts in the region. [...] That began to change, however, as administrators at different levels of government raised concerns about the lack of severity of indoor penal regimens [...]. An 1877 conference convened to improve jail discipline concluded that colonial authorities needed to reconsider the merits of public works [favored as a more severe punishment, 'the worst method of treatment ever'] [...]. In the early 1880s Calcutta followed up with a directive urging local officials [...] to employ more inmates in public works [outdoors]. [...] Indeed, colonial debates about mobilizing convict labour to work indoors or outdoors were always centred on concerns about ensuring and maximizing the severity of imprisonment and not the rehabilitation of prisoners. [...]

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At the turn of the nineteenth century [early 1800s], prisoners in Bengal, as in the other presidencies of Bombay and Madras, worked [outdoors on "public works"] [...]. Even at this early juncture, authorities at the highest level of the colonial and imperial government [...] worried that their disciplinary practices were not tasked with chores requiring greater exertion [...]. Consequently, London and Calcutta encouraged local officials to employ prisoners in [...] roads in particular [because the conditions were more brutal] [...]. They also broached the possibility of moving convicts away from their home districts so that they would not have access to friends and family. [...] And with local officials eager to capitalise on prison labour, judicial authorities helped increase convict numbers [...] in the first decade of the nineteenth century that authorized courts to tack on hard labour (and banishment) for particular offences. [...]

[T]he Prison-Discipline Committee [made the] proposal to make imprisonment 'a terror to evil-doers' by compelling inmates to engage in 'dull, wearisome, monotonous tasks' [...].

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[But] Mouat’s plan was to transform jails into ‘schools of industry’ [...]. [He wanted to make jails profitable, de facto businesses. To do this, he advocated indoor handicrafts production.] [H]e singled out certain jails for their productivity, Alipore [...] in particular [...] producing 'an actual profit of £74,232 [...]'. He boasted that this record was unmatched 'in any country or in any prison of the whole world'. [...] Not everyone shared Mouat’s faith in ‘industrial training’ as a punishment [...].

But the 1864 Committee [...], [m]uch more so than the Bengal inspector-general [Mouat] ever did, [in] its report emphasized making imprisonment 'a matter of dread, apprehension, and avoidance'.

Everything was to be secondary to that guiding principle, including making penal labour profitable [...].

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As the lieutenant-governor put it, the prevailing system focused overly on manufactures and sanitary conditions and not enough on the ‘penal effect of imprisonment’. Therefore, it needed revamping to make the punishment of short-term prisoners more ‘stinging’, labour more penal, [...] so that Bengal jails would not be ‘a complete liberty hall’. [...]. For colonial officials, the [initial] interest in establishing [...] [indoor] hand labour in prisons was prompted primarily by their concern with [...] lessening the high costs of incarceration which resulted from the added expenses of employing extra guards to watch over inmates labouring outdoors. [But the government was willing to pay more, and to lose a source of profit, for the sake of making the punishment more severe.] [...] To his [Mouat's] detractors, intramural work in handicrafts production did not add up to hard labour -- it was not rigorous enough, [...] and therefore diminished the severity of imprisonment as a punishment, particularly in comparison to the demands of labouring outdoors on the roads or operating the treadwheels that some authorities wished to introduce to indoor labour.

His opponents also questioned his emphasis on profitability, which they believed distracted prison officials from ensuring that incarceration entailed pain and deprivation.

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Text by: Anand A. Yang. "The prison-handicraft complex: Convict labour in colonial India." Modern Asian Studies Volume 57 Issue 3. February 2023. [Bold emphasis and some paragraph breaks/contractions added by me. Italicized first heading/sentence in this post added by me. Text within brackets added by me for clarification.]

#it is usually said that imperial violence is kinda impersonal in the sense that its a means to an end to achieve wealth #in this case they see the cruelty itself as valuable #abolition #ecology #imperial #colonial

[newz-archive]

Congress’s Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury, who was also stopped, pointed out that it was a public road.

Congress’s Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury, who was also stopped, pointed out that it was a public road.

Political Controversy Erupts as Police Block Visits to Sandeshkhali: Congress and BJP Delegations Stopped

The political atmosphere in West Bengal has become charged following the police’s obstruction of visits to Sandeshkhali by both Congress and BJP delegations. The BJP’s planned visit saw a diversion to the West Bengal Raj Bhavan, while Congress’s Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury staged a protest where he was halted.

The actions of the police drew sharp criticism from both parties, with accusations of unconstitutional and unethical behavior directed towards West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee.

The six-member BJP delegation, including Union Ministers Annapurna Devi and Pratima Bhowmick, was halted merely five kilometers from Sandeshkhali, at Rampur. Similarly, the Congress team, led by Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury, faced obstacles at Sarberia and Rampur. The parties condemned these actions in unison.

The unrest in Sandeshkhali has led to the imposition of prohibitory orders under CrPC Section 144, following violent protests by local villagers. Allegations against local Trinamool Congress (TMC) leader Shahjahan Sheikh and associates include land grabbing, sexual harassment, and assault on local laborers.

Reports indicate that the BJP leaders were stopped by the police upon reaching Rampur, where they alleged mistreatment and were compelled to stage a dharna for hours. Annapurna Devi expressed dismay, highlighting the contradiction of allowing criminals freedom while impeding elected representatives from addressing citizens’ concerns.

BJP MLA Agnimitra Paul emphasized their attempts to comply with regulations, only to be met with persistent obstruction. Despite this, the delegation managed to connect with women in Sandeshkhali via video call before redirecting their efforts to the Raj Bhawan in Kolkata to meet Governor C V Ananda Bose.

Meanwhile, Congress MP Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury’s protest in Rampur underscored his questioning of the legitimacy of police barricades on public roads. He dismissed Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee’s allegations linking the BJP and RSS to instigating trouble in Sandeshkhali, condemning what he deemed divisive politics.

In contrast, TMC MP Shantanu Sen defended the police’s actions, questioning the BJP’s motives and citing their alleged lack of proactiveness in previous incidents. Sen echoed the sentiment that allowing the BJP delegation entry could destabilize the state’s atmosphere.

#Political Controversy #West Bengal Politics #Police Obstruction #Congress #BJP