#symptoms for infection after liver transplant
Text
It's very cute that Mr. Mega thinks his refusal to read our leaks means anything. We'll continue sharing them, and people will continue reading them. But here, for you, Mr. Curt Mega, we have provided the medical report from John's time in the hospital after the ten days of sleeplessness he spoke of. Thank us later!
Mount Sinai Hospital Treatment Report: Johnathan S. MacNamara
Date of Admission: September 9, 2012
Date of Discharge: November 17, 2012
The patient was admitted to the Emergency Room at 6:24 AM, 09/05/12 and evaluated to be in critical condition almost immediately. He exhibited signs of septic shock, including: lung failure, kidney failure, liver failure, a blood pressure of 68/43 mm Hg, and a heart rate of 134 BPM. In addition, he showed signs of infection stemming from an abdominal laceration approximately 30 inches in length and on average approximately 2 inches deep. The exhibited signs included: seizures, a consistent 105° F fever, swelling around the wound, pus in and around the wound, and human fecal matter smeared across the abdominal region. The lattermost sign was not so much a symptom as an obvious cause.
The patient's wounds were immediately cleaned with heavy disinfectants and a tracheostomy was preformed. He was attached to a mechanical ventilator and the blood-oxygen levels slowly stabilized. Patient was admitted to the ICU for further treatment at 7:36 PM, 09/05/12. Injuries upon admission were mapped as follows:
1. Bullet entry and exit through right deltoid. 2. Large laceration across midsection. Shows signs of heavy bacterial and viral infection. 3. Second-degree burn in the shape of greek letter omega. 4. Electric burns on lower right back. Presumably from high-voltage taser or cattle prod. 5. Intense electric burns in genital and inner-thigh areas. 6. Hamstrings lacerated. Presumably to constrict movement of legs.
Upon admission to the ICU, the patient was administered a standard dose of penicillin. There had been no signs of consciousness since arrival to the hospital, however the patient did appear to be in a survivable state. Within the unit, he was attached to a dialysis machine and given a steady IV of saline solution and another one that contained water-soluble vitamins and nutrients. Once the infection showed no further sign of spreading, the patient was given an emergency liver transplant. This occurred on 09/06/12.
The transplant succeeded, and the liver immediately began to filter blood and further cleared the infection. The decision was made to keep the patient on the dialysis machine until the infection and subsequent sepsis was cleared, and after a partial recovery from the first transplant occurred.
After 57 hours of total unconsciousness and unresponsiveness, the patient was declared to be in a coma caused by toxic-metabolic encephalopathy. He was assumed to wake up within the month.
The tracheostomy ventilator was removed on 09/23/12 and replaced with a laryngoscopic ventilator. This was changed once more on 10/03/12 when it was replaced with a mask ventilator.
The genital burns required a skin graft, but otherwise healed normally without infection or complications.
At 1:58 PM on 10/09/12, the patient began to react to outside stimuli. He moved when touched and made audible responses to pain. Over the next few days, he began to react to auditory and olfactory stimuli in addition to touch-based reactions increasing in consistency. By 10/12/12, the patient could follow simple commands and had managed to open his eyes a few times.
On 10/15/12 at approximately 12:30 AM, the patient awoke in a frenzied state. He attempted to rip out IVs and pulled off the ventilation mask and appeared to be unaware of where he was. It took excessive physical force, but he was eventually restrained and slowly calmed. He fell back asleep soon after, but showed greater signs of healing by that point. The next afternoon, he gave an official record of what happened to him, which provided a more accurate method of how to treat him. He consented to a kidney transplant and went into surgery on 10/18/12.
There were no complications during the surgery, and the donor was the wife of the patient, Rosalind M. Schaffer. She didn't suffer any complications from the donation either.
After the surgery, he was moved from the ICU and into the recovery wing with a private room.
The patient was dosed on standard pain medication over recovery, and showed no infectious flare-ups over recovery. He was monitored for lasting impacts of his wounds or disease, and had gained a noticeable tremor in both his hands. He underwent physical therapy while in the hospital's care, allowing him to regain full motion in his legs and to lessen his hand tremors.
The patient was discharged at 8:14 PM on 11/17/12 with a clean bill of health and prescribed a pain medication for as long as needed. It was also recommended that the patient stop smoking, as his lungs had previously failed once and it could be a major risk factor. The patient obviously did not follow the advice, as he was seen smoking a cigarette the second he left hospital grounds.
2 notes
·
View notes
Text
Bartonella henselae
Case Report:
23M veterinary student from home with a cat, presents with a one year history of neck swelling, 1 month of fevers and lethargy. Also he lives in Karachi.
The fevers are a/w chills and rigours that response to paracetamol and have no particular pattern to them.
He doesnt have any arthralgias or arthritis or rash.
They find pretty sizable lymph nodes on exam in the cervical chain and inguinal regions.
He starts developing hypotension and they start him on some vasopressors and meropenem.
The fevers don't respond, and someone decides to start azithromycin, which it does respond to.
He's also worked up for IE given the chronicity of events.
Eventually on biopsy of the lymph node, the lab finds bartonella hensalae.
Microbiology + transmission:
aka cat scratch fever, so this is why history is so important to infectious diseases physicians.
it's actually disease of cats that can spread to their humans via bites and scratches. Or the cat licks a wound etc.
and unfortunately also via arthropod vectors and mossies
after entry into a host, it's main target cells are CD34s, immune cells, and then alters the host immune system
it's interesting special power is that it can predispose hosts to other pathogens in this manner
it's a gram negative rod (pink rods)
Historical trivia
the fun bits
genus of Bartonella is named for a Peruvian scientist (Alberto Barton, also had interest in brucellosis and leishmaniasis --> other tropical diseases taht cause fevers of unclear origin), he isolated the bacteria from patients during an outbreak among railway works in South america. This was 1905.
reminds me of love in the time of cholera, when people still wrote physical letters.
species of bartonella henselae is actually named for Diane Henselae, a researcher from Oklahoma, who collected samples during an outbreak there in the mid 1980s.
rare for someone who discovered a species named for them to be both alive and a woman, and I can't find much about her online.
there are other bartonella species that cause historically significant diseases like trench foot (bartonella quintana, transmitted by lice) and carrion's disease (bartonella bacilliformis, with a high mortality rate). another post for another day.
Clinical features
incubation period: up to 10 days
initial: rash at site of injection or intro of pathogen, from there it travels to local lymph nodes causing lymphadenopathy about 1-3 weeks later
From CDC guidelines who took image from NEJM
Bsymptoms - low grade fevers/malaise/fatigue
epidemio: occurs most often (for a rare disease) in kids < 15
Complications
infection affecting the eye (neuro-retinitis = visual changes, irritation and photophobia), liver, spleen, brain/spine (transverse myelitis, encephalitis etc), bones and heart valves (IE)
Increased risk groups for complications
HIV/AIDs, immunocompromised hosts (i.e. transplants), mortality is an issue in this group, as disseminated disease a possibility
small risk of IE in groups with RFs for develop this (prosthetic valves, damaged valves, unrepaired congential heart disease etc)
Investigations
challenging, no gold standard test as the sens and spec is variable for each individual one, so it's a combination really, of history exam and a variety of confirmatory tests
PCR (variable spec/sens), serology (indirect and often negative in early stages, can also be positive for years post treatment and doesn't differentiate from other bartonella species), cultures are definitive but it can take 21 days for anything to grow (it's fastidious)
histopath of lymph nodes helpful - stains: silver stain or Warthin Starry stain (silver nitrate) which is kind of a reverse starry starry night used for spirochetes like helicobacter.
in IE, it can be culture negative, which can confuse diagnosis
From Wiki
Management
mild disease is self resolving
first line: few days azithromycin or doxycycline can reduce symptoms and is indicated for enlarged lymph nodes to reduce size or unresolving LAD >1 month
in case of eye infection or IE expect longer duration of hterapy, like doxy and rif for 4-6 weeks
will also respond to bactrim, cipro, rif and gent
Prevention from the CDC:
avoid strays, wash hands after petting cats, keep strays from your cat, avoid owning new kittens who are < 1 yr if you are immunocompromised
avoid getting scratched..which is kinda hilarious but can see why
Sources
stat pearls
case report above
wikipaedia
Rare diseases
CDC guidelines
#medblr#infectious diseases#infectious disease#bartonella#bartonella henselae#cat scratch disease#microbiology
5 notes
·
View notes
Text
I lost my mother last week. You know this kind of thing happens.. it's almost guaranteed to lose your parents, unless something terrible happens and your parents lose you first. I know it could.. but nothing can prepare you for it.
My mother had 5 children. I was her 3rd and only girl. When I was younger I remember getting upset about not getting a sister. My brothers had a sister and 3 brothers. I had 4 brothers and no sister.
My mum handled it like a champ of course. She wanted more girls but 5 was her limit of tries. So her solution was to step in for anything I might need a sister for. Helping me pick clothes, doing my hair, helping with makeup, explaining puberty, answering embarrassing questions, hyping me up when I needed, befriending my friends, pushing me when I needed it, giving me the tough talks.
My mother became my best friend and I never once got embarrassed by her despite her worrying qbout that. Alot. She'd ask if I'd rather go to this movie with friends or hang out with someone else for the day instead of her. No. Of course not. I was so proud to have such a wonderful mum. She was fun, smart, hilarious, caring, brave, protective, beautiful, kind and so incredibly good. How could I ever not want to spend time with her?
Some of my friends had different relationships with their mums, ranging from the typical "That's my mum, she buys me stuff and cooks for us and helps me when I get hurt. I love her" to the "She's so annoying, why can't she just leave me alone" relationships. If I had to hang out with friends that treated their mums like c**p for no reason I'd go home and immediately crawl into my mums arm and hug her (even as an adult) and tell her about how horrid they were to their mum and how I could never do that. She always hugged me tighter at those times.
She got sick 3 years ago, and after months of blood tests and iron infusions she ended up in the ER and was admitted and kept for 18 months. Eventually she was diagnosed with Refactory Celiacs and they started trial drugs and treatment. After her bone marrow transplant and chemo she stabilized enough to come home, not because she was better but because her mental health was so low from being away from home for so long that the doctors and nurses insisted she should be allowed home.
Home helped her happiness but the pain never left, the symptoms never left, the disadvantages and restrictions never left. She persisted though. She had to go back sometimes when an infection came up or she lost too much blood or, as her last admittance, she had difficulty breathing.
Her last stay was 2 months long. She couldn't breathe easy which they'd found shadows on her lungs but biopsies showed nothing. Her right arm was no longer responsive, she'd be lucky to move her fingers. Doctors did a few lumbar punctures but only found 2 types of t-cells present. Her last operation was to get more punctures but they took too few so they were rescheduling. Her liver and kidneys were failing because of her TPN but she was dependent on that so she was told she'd be eligible for organ transplants as she didn't drink or smoke.
She also developed an infection they diagnosed as staff a week before her passing before changing that to sepsis as her oxygen got so low they had to keep uping her delivery of such (nose hoses, then mask, then hood, then eventually the throat tube). She was moved to ICU, put on every antibiotic they can physically put in her body, put her in an induced coma and hooked her up to the oxygen tube and dialysis. 6 hours later we got a call from ICU saying she had took a turn and another 6 hours of sitting by her side holding her hand, still in her coma, they had to start turning the machines off.
My world narrowed at that point, and we hyper focused on mums funeral which we had yesterday. It's been a complete blur and I'm still struggling to understand that she's not here. I reach for my phone to call her. I push share on a cute puppy video. I order her lollies and get excited to surprise her. I hear something funny and have it half typed out before I stop. I look towards her chair to smile at her. I sit in her seat in the car and plan to move when we pick her up despite that not being the meaning of the trip. I write another chapter but I can't get her to read it. I push my anxiety limits and fears and beat them but I can't tell her or see her massive grin and hear her tell me how so very proud she is and plan with her what we'll do when we're both better. I cry from my thoughts and heart. In public. In private. I cry hard, loud and I can't stop until I'm exhausted. I can't look at my ceiling because she covered it with glow in the dark stars when I was 20 while I was at work. Half my books she bought me. Half my plushies she bought me. Half my clothes she bought me. Half my room is her and memories of her. Her dogs, her cat, her photos, her seat, her trinkets, her renovations, her art, her tissues, her lollies, her hoodie, her shoes, her spare room/clean room, her blankets, her pillows, her everything is everywhere..
My mother was my biggest fan, my rock, my best friend and the bravest person I knew and I can't wrap my head around not being able to speak to her again.. she is everywhere but nowhere to be found. I catch myself talking aloud to her. I talk to her in my mind and memos and I say our catch phrases and my laugh is hers and my smile is hers and my face is hers and I'm so so.. numb.. empty.. lost.. broken. I'm 32, my mother was 53. I thought I'd have so many more years with her.. but now she won't see my wedding, or any of the boys. She wont meet any of my kids or any more added by the boys. She wont help me move or drive or write or pick me up after a break up or help me with advice for wooing a pretty girl or picking my next pair of converse or drag me to watch ANOTHER Fast and Furious movie or get to watch the 2nd season of Wednesday or go camping again.. she had so many plans.. and I don't like knowing how quickly all of that.. life.. is gone. I'm terrified and heartbroken and angry qnd I can't even go to the one person who could help me sort through it.
My mother was the biggest part of my life and now that part is gone and I have no idea what to do.. I'm eating because she'd want me to. I'm sleeping because she'd want me to. I'm going outside and talking because she'd want me to. I'm keeping in contact with the boys because she'd want me to. I'm keeping dad grounded because she'd want me to. But I don't want anything.. I don't know how to deal with that.. so instead I'm here writing a long a** post that will not be read and hoping it helps my heart feel a little less like a broken mess.
#grief#losing my mind#heartbroken#dealing with grief#what do i do#whats next#where do i go from here
2 notes
·
View notes
Text
curt + acquired disabilities headcanons
i think about owen's disabilities a lot, but what about curt's physical health?
like he's canonically lost at least one tooth, but what about the long term damage from suffocation, shocking, repeated poisoning, blunt force trauma, getting shot a bunch of times, almost certainly other injuries?
what about the fact that his liver cannot be doing well right now after over 4 years of heavy drinking? what about both the a.s.s.' budget and his attitude making him less likely to go to a doctor about things that could've been important? how many times do you think he got an infection because a wound wasn't cleaned properly, or had to push through illness for his job, or completely ignores his stress levels and puts himself in more and more danger, risking getting sloppy and making a mistake? what about the fact that this guy repeatedly blows up buildings and breathes in the smoke and dust at a time where asbestos was used for pretty much anything?
like i refuse to believe that after this long in the field, curt's health is completely undamaged, even though he might not have recognised it until years later. so here we go again:
brain damage from shocks, repeated head trauma, and suffocation.
- memory problems, executive dysfunction, and cognitive delay, including difficulty reading or assessing the danger of a situation.
- emotional instability, impulsivity, depression, anger issues.
- his alcoholism wasn't necessarily caused by brain injury, but people with them tend to have higher rates of addiction and those with both drink more so there's a link there.
stomach and oesophageal ulcers from years of getting poisoned.
cardiac arrhythmia from strain, mostly from being shocked but the constant danger didn't help.
post infectious syndrome from an infected wound is what really made him stop working for the a.s.s. the fatigue was too overwhelming to push through, and he was suddenly a lot weaker than before.
the a.s.s. kept paying him his salary so he wouldn't spill any secrets, so the financial part wasn't a problem, but the feeling of being worthless made his mental health problems worse.
eventually stage 3 cirrhosis, with all the symptoms that come with it (swelling, sudden weight loss, jaundice, extreme fatigue, eczema, shortness of breath). i think that he gets diagnosed over 10 years post-canon, and the transplant he ends up needing was a really important factor in really cutting down on his drinking. the therapy he gets for that is the first time he ever gets any kind of care for his mental health.
in therapy for alcoholism, he gets diagnosed with ptsd and adhd. but also misdiagnosed with bipolar and intermittent explosive disorder when those symptoms were actually depression, some ptsd symptoms, and brain damage. also has what we would now call prolonged grief disorder but that wasn't a diagnosis at the time.
many many scars and burns. some are over joints, which makes them stiff to move. abdominal adhesions from all the injuries make his liver transplant more complicated.
broken bones, not all of which healed very well.
mild nerve damage from... well. everything, with numbness in his fingertips and muscle twitches that get worse when he tries to do complicated things.
eventually, massive amounts of lung damage would probably kill him. sorry lol but that's his problem not mine.
#listen i wouldve made the liver thing earlier but i dont want him to die that young and the first successful transplant wasnt until 1967#curt#weight talk tw#injury tw#death tw#headcanons#agent curt mega#spies are forever#tin can bros#im right#if you saw that typo no u didn't
41 notes
·
View notes
Text
Does Tummy Tuck Cause Stomach Issues?
Tummy tuck or abdominoplasty is done to tighten the loose skin and muscle as well. This is a cosmetic surgery done to improve the overall appearance of the belly area of the candidate. Like every other procedure, a tummy tuck also has some complications that may arise if you have had this surgery. You may suffer from some gastrointestinal problems after a tummy tuck. But before knowing about the same, let’s look into why a tummy tuck is done in the first place.
What is a tummy tuck? Why is it done?
Aside from removing excess skin and fat, the cosmetic surgeon may use sutures to tighten the connective tissues of the abdomen. The entire goal of the operation is to give the abdomen a more toned and sleek appearance.
Can a tummy tuck cause gastric problems?
There are fewer complications that may occur after tummy tuck surgery. However, the benefits have outweighed the risk of the same. On the other hand, if you have other digestive issues like GERD, urinary incontinence, the pressure inside the tummy may get raised temporarily.
As per our cosmetic surgeon, the stomach issues that may happen include-
Upper abdomen bulge- a soft bulge or swelling at the upper belly area. This may happen due to significant tightening of the lower abdomen during the surgery.
Compartment syndrome in the abdomen- this may happen due to increased abdominal pressure after abdominoplasty.
Low blood pressure, respiratory problems, abdominal distension, and reduced urine are some of the symptoms.
When the rectus abdominis muscles are not returned to their natural anatomical positions by the surgeon, this can happen. This has been most commonly encountered in the RAFT(rectus abdominis fat transfer) procedure.
Swelling- one of the most common GI (gastrointestinal) symptoms that can happen after a tummy tuck. It will go on its own after four to six months. Even after that, if this persists, you should consult your surgeon immediately.
Infection- it’s a rare complication, infection can happen from the suture or stitch itself i.e placed after surgery.
You may experience fever, redness, swelling in the affected area.
This may happen only if-
The patient is allergic to the prescribed antibiotics and skipped his/her medicines.
Antibiotics are not given before the surgery
The patient has a history of previous MRSA( methicillin-resistant staph aureus), an infection that needs intensive treatment.
Fluid accumulation — Fluid collection in the gap between the abdominal skin and the muscle beneath it. A seroma (collection of wound fluid) or hematoma (collection of blood) are two types of fluid buildup.
When nothing is done to avoid it, fluid accumulates. The candidate must wear compression garments for at least a few weeks following the treatment to prevent such consequences.
Fluid pads can be placed over the area that is prone to fluid accumulation.
However, a tummy tuck will not affect digestion once it has been healed. Immediately after surgery, you may feel bloating, swelling, or constipation that might go away with time.Conclusion-By simply packing their medical journey to India, liver transplant treatment can substantially benefit the patient. We also offer a comprehensive range of counseling for coping with emotional changes to our international patients.
How can we help in the treatment?
If you are in search of a tummy tuck hospital in India, we will serve as your guide throughout your treatment and will be physically present with you even before your treatment begins. The following will be provided to you:
Opinions of expert physicians and surgeons
Transparent communication
Coordinated care
Prior appointment with specialists
Assistance in hospital formalities
24*7 availability
Arrangement for travel
Assistance for accommodation and healthy recovery
Assistance in emergencies
We are dedicated to offering the highest quality health care to our patients. We have a team of highly qualified and devoted health professionals that will be by your side from the beginning of your journey.
HealthTrip — #1 Health Travel & Tour Advisors | Medical Tourism in IndiaExperience the best health trip with a top medical travel company in India. Find the best hospitals, and doctors for medical treatment in India. Best Medical Tourism in India.
Does Tummy Tuck Cause Stomach Issues?Does Tummy Tuck Cause Stomach Issues?
3 notes
·
View notes
Text
File: The Smile Tapes
original creator @Patorikku_
Go Suport their Youtube Channel https://www.youtube.com/@Patorikku_
.
SCP#: AHT
Code Name: The Jester Plague/ Smile Fungus
Object Class: Keter Neutralized
Special Containment Procedures: The city where SCP-AHT first manifested has been safely walled off before surrounding areas could be infected. Efforts are currently underway to properly contain and extract samples out of the infected city without causing another outbreak. Every civilian safely rescued by Foundation forces are to be given Class G Amnestics and the cover story that the city is under a biological terrorist attack. After the unknown extraterrestrial arrived spontaneously, SCP-AHT had been eradicated with all infected being wiped form existence. Instead MTF: Apollo-1: Orion's Belt and MTF Artemis-2: Star Chasers are to search for any evidence of the extraterrestrial entities that destroyed SCP-AHT.
Description: SCP-AHT is a highly contagious, mutagenic, and resilient fungus. SCP-AHT has the anomalous abilities of forcing its victim to smile and commit vile acts of violence and sadism while laughing. During the first week of infection by SCP-AHT the host will experience headaches, facial twitching and cramps but nothing major. It should be noted the telltale sign of infection even before symptoms appear is dreaming of floating through space before meeting a strange man who will smile at the host before they wake up. Unfortunately, the fungus making up SCP-AHT is so resilient that modern medication has no effect. The fungus latches directly onto the brain, the only means of treatment is the complete removal of the fungus. The only other method of cure is use of SCP-500.
"Thank god we finally figured out how to clone the drug" -Dr. Wicked.
After two week(s) of infection SCP-AHT forces the host to smile despite the host still being in pain. Host is unable stop smiling, has meningitis, constant headaches, a feeling of stressed and stretched muscles all over the face, and the lack of ability to blink properly. Host remains sane in this stage but is fully conscious of the mental and physical pain they experience during infection.
After three weeks of infection SCP-AHT has completely taken over the brain of the host by chemical means. SCP-AHT has not only forced the host to smile to an unhealthy and painful degree but also makes them laugh without stopping. The host also claims they are happy while chasing and killing whoever they see. This is typically where the host dies, not due to natural infectious causes but due to them being killed by those they try to harm. It should also be noted that at this stake the hair of the victims starts to degrade. The hair of the host either starts falling off or turn black and rough.
After four weeks of infection the fungus starts devouring and degrading the flesh of the facial structure and the rest of the body. the vocal cords, lungs, stomach, liver, kidneys, and intestines all become corroded due to either extreme strain or degradation by the fungus. However, the host's hostile tendencies and their motor functions decline leaving them weaker and less of a threat. Despite the damage the fungus leaves on the body for whatever reason fungal growths on the face will always grow and attach to certain parts of the face to maintain the smile expression of the host. At this point recovery is still possible but massive amounts of mental therapy, physical therapy, Physical muscle surgery, skin transplants, and organ transplants are needed to recover from the damage of infection.
After five weeks of infection the host has experienced extreme degradation to the body. The damage is similar to an elder near death or a corpse that has just started decomposing. The organs have degraded to the point of nonfunctional and rotting internally in the body. The brain has degraded to a point no different from a brain under the effects of stage 7 Alzheimer's disease. Very few patients live up to this stage if any at all; however, at this point it's impossible to consider the host a threat anymore due to every portion of their body has corroded. Though they are no longer a physical threat, hosts that make it to this stage typically end up coughing up a massive cloud of spores after death. Every host regardless of what stage of infection they are cough up spores after death. However, hosts that manage to live up to five weeks cough up the most spores with a maximum range of 10 meters. Therefore, despite the internal and external damage of their bodies they are potentially the most dangerous of all infected.
SCP-AHT was discovered in 1/1/1995 when an insane man named [data expunged] suspected to be under the influence of drugs was killed after going on a rampage. During a New Year's part at the [data expunged] plaza of [data expunged] local police forces were sent in. [data expunged] was seen holding a knife laughing while wearing a grotesquely large smile on his face and slashing through several people. SCP-AHT was originally believed to be a drug that caused the effects. After [data expunged] was killed several other infected individuals were found inhaling the spores for euphoric purposes and were intentionally throwing the powdered spores at unsuspecting victims. This seemingly confirmed the idea of SCP-AHT being a anomalous drug that encourage its users to commit horrible acts while smiling and force others to get high on the drug as well. However, after reviewing autopsy reports from the [data expunged] hospital revealed that it was a fungal infection.
it is unknown where exactly SCP-AHT originated form, it was just known that the original "spore puffers" found SCP-AHT and started inhaling it to feel its euphoric effects, unaware they were accelerating the infection within themselves. Due to the spontaneous infection rates within the city of [data expunged] the city had to be quarantined and walled off. Mobile Task Force Ares-1: "Mushroom Eaters" where deployed into the city to termination the infected, gather SCP-AHT samples, and rescue noninfected civilians.
The cover story is that a mutagenic fungus outbreak was unleashed in the city and the CDC is responsible for walling the city and evacuating survivors. The U.S. media is not permitted to release any more details. Foundation forces inside the city are working closely with the [data expunged] hospital to treat patients and determine whether or not they are infected so that they can be evacuated. It's also thanks to the hospital that the Foundation has extensive knowledge on the fungus. It is with hope that with MTF Ares-1 the city will be fully evacuated and SCP-AHT will be contained by the end of the year.
Update: 11/21/1995, Two new variants have been reported to mutate leading two new variants of the disease. As such hosts infected with the first variant of SCP-AHT are now labeled SCP-AHT-1 instances.
Hosts infected with the second variant are called SCP-AHT-2, they are not like the first variant and still retain their sanity and health. However, the spores spread through their coughing and sneezing making them infectious carriers.
Hosts infected with the third variant are called SCP-AHT-3 instances. SCP-AHT-3 instances are extremely dangerous as they are bullet proof, possess inhuman strength and speed, enhanced senses, and increased sense of violence and sadism.
Due to the SCP-AHT-3 instances almost all MTF Ares-1 forces have been killed and the survivors were reported infected thus had to be incinerated by the Foundation. Foundation forces at the [data expunged] hospital are holding out, for now. Due to the desperate and prolonged situation the Global Occult Coalition stepped in to assist the Foundation. Joint Task Force Demeter-2: "Apocalypse Now" comprised of Foundation AFA-2's and Coalition WD-5′s were sent in to reestablish connection with the [data expunged] hospital and rescue the survivors.
Update: 11/27/1995, Demeter-2 has confirmed that they are stuck and surrounded by SCP-AHT-1 and SCP-AHT-3 instances making escape impossible. The only option is to hold out.
Update: 3/31/1996, All SCP-AHT-1 instances have been confirmed dead however there are still over two thousand confirmed SCP-AHT-3 instances roaming around the city. JTF Demeter-2 as well as the doctors and civilians they are responsible for, are still trapped inside the city. It is conformed they are suffering casualties every other day and running out of resources. Due to the desperation of the situation the O5 Council made a direct request for an Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance meeting.
***
Notice Under the Order of the Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance.
O5 Council of the SCP Foundation, your request has been sent due to your report of an overwhelming threat located at The United States on 4/1/1996. Reasoning for Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance action was called due to a subject concerning the following: Highly contagious pathogen, Unknown hostile Anomalous Group's involvement suspected, Potential danger to the veil of the global status quo, massive loss of life, Overwhelming anomalous threat, and Anomaly has unknown origin. All organizations of Anomalous Fate Alliance are required to participate in an emergency meeting concerning the subject.
Current Organizations within the Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance:
Global Occult Coalition
SCP Foundation
Horizon Initiative
Church of Maxwellism
Eight Wings of Mekhane
The threat level has been confirmed to be 6 of 10, therefore participation is mandatory.
***
All organizations are present, begin mission program.
Assessment: Anomaly originally thought to be a highly hazardous drug is actually a fungus causing anomalous effects on its infected hosts. Despite local forces, Foundation, and GOC forces best efforts, the infected of the fungus are still an overwhelming threat with the possibility of destruction and further infection. Massive loss of life predicted if anomaly is left to it's deceives.
Solution: Complete Eradication of the anomaly. No containment will be permitted.
Orders: Church of Maxwellism and Eight Wings of Mekhane will lead a project to design and create a new cybernetic ground force capable of combating the army of anomalous threats.
Probability of Success: 95% begin right away.
***
Update: April 2nd, 1996 - Probability of Success has been lowered to 58%. Sarkic forces have infiltrated the city and are trying to get the anomalous spore out to infect the outside world. All Organizations, deploy all available forces outside the city as quickly as possible. Do not let the Sarkic Cult get out.
Suggestions: All organizations, please submit possible solutions to-
Update: April 3rd, 1996 - Unknown lights have been reported over the city. Possible new anomalous threat has arrived and will soon wreak havoc on-
Update: April 3rd, 1996 - Satellite scans have confirmed that the extraterrestrial anomaly has disappeared from the atmosphere, they are gone.
***
Update: April 5th, 1996 - SCP-Foundation: MTF Apollo-1 "Orion's belt", Global Occult Coalition: Strike Team-7445 "Space Dragons", and Eight Wings of Mekhane: 7-8-W/128-F "Soaring through the Abyss" have not reported any sightings of the anomalous extraterrestrial entities within our solar system. Before or after the incident. All Ground forces are moving into the city, no sign of anomalous fungus or the infected.
***
Update: April 7th, 1996 - Ground forces have take back the city and subdued the last of the Sarkic forces, no more immediate threats within the city. Ground forces have confirmed that all infected have instantaneously disappeared along with the anomalous fungal infection itself.
***
Mission Status: The anomaly is gone; however, the Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance was not responsible for the anomaly's eradication. Therefore, mission is considered a failure. All organizations, if at all possible, find any evidence about the origin of the anomalous fungus infection and the whereabouts of the unknown extraterrestrials. Level 6 alert has been lifted; action form the Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance has been concluded.
***
After the Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance meeting concluded the Foundation and the Global Occult Coalition worked on the coverup. It was agreed to kill most of the heavily mutated sarkics that infiltrated the city. The one's that looked the most human were pinned the blame as the bio terrorist who spread the disease in the first place. The U.S. government sentenced them to death thus they were sent back to the Foundation as D-Class personal. The rescued civilians were given Class G Amnestic's and told the story of a biological terrorist attack making them think their overwhelming fear caused them to hallucinate the SCP-AHT-1 and SCP-AHT-3 instances.
According to the reports from one of the surviving doctors they had found the biological origin of SCP-AHT to be somewhere in the Yucatan Region. Furthermore, their DNA testing has shown that SCP-AHT's DNA structure has no biological match to the fungi found on earth, as well as any other organism found on earth. This implies that SCP-AHT was not meant for earth and therefore was of extraterrestrial origin.
As requested during the Anomalous Correction and Protection Alliance meeting, the Foundation created Mobile Task Force Artemis-2: Star Chasers. MTF Artemis-2 is comprised of the 30 of the fastest and most flight capable Space Jets the Foundation could manufacture. The ISLJ-7 Hawks are equipped with interstellar clocking armor plating and a miniature artificial sun generator allowing maximum stealth and speed of Mach 15. However, they lack weaponry systems due to their priority being to fly out of our solar system and scout the neighboring solar systems to find anything they can. Their mission will last 10 years and thought they are a search and discover unit their main priority is to find the whereabouts of the extraterrestrials that destroyed SCP-AHT.
Update: April 7th, 2006 - No evidence or information has been located by MTF Artemis-2. MTF-Artemis-2 are to return to earth and await future orders.
Doctor [data expunged] and the other survivors were given the choice to join the Foundation due to the "sole survivor" protocol because of their contributions of understanding SCP-AHT. Doctor [data expunged] agreed and so did some of his colleges as well as some survivors. Those that didn't were given the proper amnestic’s, new houses within new cities, as well as $700,000 for their contributions despite them not remembering.
"Though it was technically a happy ending and a bright new day for everyone a lot of people in the Foundation and of course our allied organizations can't help but feel it was still a failure. We were so close to figuring out how what the hell SCP-AHT even was and yet it was snatched away from us. Though to be fair those SCP-AHT-3 instances probably would have taken another year to eradicate and contain, you can only keep the media silent for so long. I guess at the end of the day this is about as good as it could have been. We got a "get out of jail card" and you'd be stupid not to take one of those.
Though there are still some unanswered questions and... well actually... I didn't really think it mattered at the time but now that I think about the one of my subordinates came to me about a report from the Global Occult Coalition about a strange single. Apparently, they started recording the single back on November 4th of 1994, but they couldn't make out what it was saying. The best they could understand where random numbers but that was it, they couldn't even tell where the signal was coming from. I thought it was a waste of time to investigate so I denied the request for investigation help. I was thinking the GOC was just wasting their time. However now that I think about it, I might have made a mistake. What if it was the aliens trying to tell us something, if it was, I could have organized an investigation and cyphering team to find out what it all meant... so much for that now." - Site Director Veil
Site Director Veil reported directly to the O5 Council his blunder and as punishment he was forced to not only create an investigation team but also participate in said team despite having no experience in cyphering.
The best that could be determined was the message TRANSPORT WITHIN WEEK, MAKE THEM HAPPY. The rest of the message still can’t be deciphered correctly or to any sensible message. Despite the collaboration between the Global Occult Coalition and the SCP Foundation, there was still nothing that could be determined the full message of the signal or its origin. Further investigation is needed.
.
SCP: Horror Movie Files Hub
5 notes
·
View notes
Text
The Ultimate Guide to Liver Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment Options
Introduction
Welcome to the ultimate guide to understanding liver cancer. In this comprehensive article, we'll delve deep into the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for this serious medical condition. Whether you're seeking information for yourself or a loved one, this guide aims to provide valuable insights to help you navigate through the complexities of liver cancer.
Understanding Liver Cancer
Liver cancer, also known as hepatic cancer, is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the liver. The liver, a vital organ responsible for detoxification, protein synthesis, and digestion, can be affected by various types of cancer. The two primary forms of liver cancer are hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma, with HCC being the most common type.
Symptoms of Liver Cancer
Recognizing the symptoms of liver cancer is crucial for early detection and prompt treatment. Common symptoms may include:
Unexplained Weight Loss: Significant and unexplained weight loss may indicate an underlying health issue, including liver cancer.
Abdominal Pain: Persistent pain or discomfort in the abdomen, particularly in the upper right side, can be a warning sign of liver cancer.
Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes, known as jaundice, is often associated with liver diseases, including liver cancer.
Loss of Appetite: A sudden decrease in appetite or feeling full after eating small amounts could be indicative of liver cancer.
Fatigue: Persistent fatigue or weakness that doesn't improve with rest may signal liver cancer or other underlying conditions.
Causes of Liver Cancer
Several factors can contribute to the development of liver cancer. Causes may include:
Chronic Hepatitis Infections: Chronic infections with hepatitis B or hepatitis C viruses significantly increase the risk of liver cancer.
Alcohol Consumption: Excessive and prolonged alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage and increase the likelihood of developing liver cancer.
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): NAFLD, a condition characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver, can progress to liver cancer in some cases.
Liver Cirrhosis: Cirrhosis, a late-stage scarring of the liver, is a significant risk factor for liver cancer.
Family History: A family history of liver cancer or certain genetic conditions can predispose individuals to the disease.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Diagnosing liver cancer typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, imaging tests, and biopsy. Once diagnosed, treatment options may vary depending on the stage of the cancer and the patient's overall health. Treatment options may include:
Surgery: Surgical resection, where the tumor is removed along with a portion of healthy liver tissue, is often recommended for early-stage liver cancer.
Liver Transplant: In cases where the cancer has not spread beyond the liver and the patient meets specific criteria, a liver transplant may be considered.
Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to destroy cancer cells and may be used before or after surgery, or in cases where surgery is not an option.
Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to target and kill cancer cells and may be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with other therapies.
Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy drugs are designed to attack specific abnormalities within cancer cells and disrupt their growth and spread.
Conclusion
In conclusion, liver cancer is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and comprehensive treatment. By understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options outlined in this guide, individuals can take proactive steps towards managing and treating liver cancer effectively. Remember, early detection and intervention play a crucial role in improving outcomes and quality of life for those affected by this disease. If you or a loved one experience any concerning symptoms associated with liver cancer, don't hesitate to consult with a healthcare professional for further evaluation and guidance. Stay informed, stay proactive, and prioritize your health and well-being.
0 notes
Text
Understanding Liver Function Tests (LFT) at PACE Hospitals Hyderabad, India
What is an LFT Blood Test?
An LFT, or Liver Function Test, is a group of blood tests used to assess your liver's health and function. The liver is a vital organ responsible for various tasks, including filtering toxins from your blood, producing proteins, and metabolizing nutrients. An LFT measures the levels of enzymes, proteins, and bilirubin in your blood. These levels can indicate potential liver damage or disease.
Why Get an LFT at PACE Hospitals?
Doctors at PACE Hospitals may recommend an LFT for various reasons, including:
Diagnosing Liver Disease: If you experience symptoms like fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, or jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), an LFT can help identify underlying liver problems.
Monitoring Liver Health: If you have existing liver conditions like hepatitis or fatty liver disease, regular LFTs help monitor your condition and treatment effectiveness.
Risk Assessment: If you have risk factors for liver disease, such as diabetes, obesity, or heavy alcohol consumption, an LFT can assess your potential for developing liver problems.
Benefits of LFTs at PACE Hospitals
PACE Hospitals offer comprehensive LFT services with several advantages:
Experienced Staff: Our laboratory department is equipped with trained professionals to ensure accurate and efficient testing.
Advanced Technology: PACE Hospitals utilizes advanced equipment to provide reliable and timely test results.
Holistic Care: The LFT results are interpreted by your doctor within the context of your medical history and symptoms for a personalized treatment plan.
Preparing for an LFT
LFTs typically require minimal preparation. However, your doctor may advise you to fast for a specific time beforehand. Informing your doctor about any medications you are taking is also crucial, as some medications can affect the test results.
Factors that could interfere with liver function test
Haemolysis (the rupture of red blood cells), icterus (bile deposition in the skin during jaundice), and lipemia (the presence of excess fats/lipids in the blood) are the most common factors interfering with laboratory tests.
Liver function test procedure
The doctor may recommend a liver function blood test to an individual in order to understand his/her chances of getting a liver disease for a variety of reasons, especially if the patient falls under a potential risk population such as:
Diabetics
Hypertensives
Obese individuals
Patients suffering from lupus,
Any cancer patients, especially colon cancer,
Alcoholics etc
The doctor can also prescribe blood test for liver function to monitor the ongoing treatment/prognosis in patients with liver disease, such as:
Liver inflammation – to understand the history of hepatitis
Liver cancer
Liver injury
Liver transplant
Infectious hepatitis,
Liver cirrhosis (end-stage liver disease), etc
Upon observing the sign and symptoms and taking the subjective evidence from the patient, the doctor may prescribe a blood test for liver function.
Before the liver function test
The patient is supposed to ask questions regarding the test to the doctor and get doubts rectified.
The payment for the test must be made.
Around 10-12 hours of fasting is necessary before attending the test.
Since the test is usually done on the arm, a short-sleeved or sleeveless shirt is better.
During the liver function test
Upon reaching the specimen collecting lab in the hospital, the phlebotomist (technician) sterilises the area on the patient’s body through which the blood is extracted to avoid any nosocomial (hospital-acquired) infection at the puncture site.
A tourniquet will then be tied around the arm (above the elbow) to facilitate the visibility of veins and blood pooling.
A clean, sterilised hypodermic needle is utilised to extract blood (appropriately 5 ml) collected in a sterilised tube.
After the liver function test
Once the blood is extracted, a small piece of cotton may be provided by the phlebotomist to arrest the bleeding. In some centres, medical plaster may be applied to achieve the same result.
The patient is advised to retain the arm in the folded position for 2-5 min.
The patient is then free to leave and break the fasting.
The patient may need to refrain from lifting heavy objects for at least 24 hours.
Very rarely, complications may arise, such as fatigue, bleeding, bruising, or soreness at the site. In case of severe cases, medical consultation must be done.
Liver function test in pregnancy
Liver function tests are a part of the common tests done during pregnancy to understand and correct the course of a healthy pregnancy. Pregnancy-related illnesses are the most common cause of abnormal liver function tests during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester. The most prevalent is the pre-eclampsia-related condition (high blood pressure during pregnancy).
The others include:
Sickle cell disease (hereditary anaemia with crescent-shaped red blood cells)
Hepatitis (inflamed liver)
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (excess fat accumulation in the liver during pregnancy)
HELP syndrome (a serious complication of high blood pressure during pregnancy)
To confirm a diagnosis during pregnancy, the following are of vital importance
The age of pregnancy
The levels of various liver function tests (for both pregnancy-specific and pregnancy-non-specific illnesses)
Learn More About LFTs at PACE Hospitals
For more information about LFTs or to schedule an appointment, contact PACE Hospitals today. Our dedicated staff is here to address your questions and guide you towards optimal liver health.
0 notes
Text
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) Surgery in India
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) surgery is an important treatment for treating urinary problems in men who have an enlarged prostate due to Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH).Prostate enlargement is a common issue among men, particularly as they age. TURP surgery is a minimally invasive technique designed to reduce urinary problems caused by an enlarged prostate.
Common symptoms include decreased urine flow, difficulty urinating, repeated midnight urination, and incomplete bladder emptying. TURP surgery reduces these symptoms by removing extra prostate tissue that blocks the urethra.
During TURP surgery, a resectoscope is inserted into the prostate via the urethra. This tool is fitted with a camera and a wire loop, allowing for the exact removal of blocking prostate tissue. The removed tissue is flushed into the bladder and afterwards eliminated from the body. The treatment, which typically lasts 60 to 90 minutes, is performed under general or spinal anesthesia to ensure the patient's comfort and safety throughout.
Benefits of TURP Surgery
Relief from painful urine problems.
Reducing problems such as urinary tract infections and bladder dysfunction.
Improved urinary function and flow rates.
An alternative to radical prostatectomy for treating urinary blockage due to prostate cancer.
Risks and Complications
Urinary issues and the need for a catheter after surgery.
Urinary tract infections can cause retrograde ejaculation.
Rare dangers include erectile dysfunction and excessive bleeding.
TURP syndrome is a potentially fatal illness caused by the excessive absorption of irrigation fluid.
Preparation and Recovery
Medical examination, fasting, and discontinuation of blood thinners are all part of the TURP operation preparation process. In-hospital monitoring, pain treatment, progressive increase in fluid intake, and bladder catheterization are all part of the recovery process. Patients at home should keep hydrated, avoid extreme physical activity, and seek medical help if they have any concerning symptoms.
TURP Surgery in India
India has emerged as a top location for TURP surgery, with expert urologists specializing in the most recent procedures. Hospitals include advanced technology and customized treatment, offering a smooth journey for patients from diagnosis to recovery. Also, India offers cheap treatment without sacrificing quality, making it a desirable option for people suffering from BPH-related urinary problems.
Alternatives to TURP Surgery
Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP).
Transurethral Laser Resection or Vaporization.
Prostatic Urethral Lift (PUL) Implants.
TURP Surgery Cost and Success Rate
TURP surgery has a success rate of 85% to 90% in reducing obstructive voiding symptoms and increasing urine flow. TURP surgery in India costs between $1500 and $3000, making it a cheaper alternative than other medical destinations.
Al Afiya Medi Tour is a leading medical tourism company in India. We offer medical tourism services such as finding the right doctor, the right hospital etc. Some of the main countries are Bangladesh, South Africa, Egypt, Uganda, Zambia, Sudan, Dubai, Namibia, Iraq, Kenya, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia, Nigeria, and so on. We provide free medical assistance for TURP surgery cost, lung cancer treatment, blood cancer treatment cost, the best hospital for heart valve replacement, bone marrow transplant, best liver transplant hospital, brain tumor surgery, cosmetic andplastic surgery, heart surgery, kidney transplant cost, spine tumor surgery,top knee replacement surgeons, knee replacement surgery cost, top shoulder replacement surgeons etc.
Source: https://alafiyameditour1.blogspot.com/2024/03/transurethral-resection-of-prostate.html
0 notes
Text
What Cause Liver Failure
The liver is one of the most important organs working around the clock to keep you healthy and alive. It performs more than 500 tasks, including detoxification, protein synthesis and the production of bile that helps in the digestion of fats. Yet, several factors, including health problems, can cause serious liver diseases and lead to liver failure, a life-threatening condition that warrants immediate medical attention.
With is current generation and world-magnificence facilities, NewLife Gastro Liver Clinic , is famous for providing the best treatment for all degrees of liver sicknesses. If you’re involved approximately your liver health, examine on as our doctors list the overall signs of common liver diseases and the way extraordinary situations can purpose liver failure.
Signs and Symptoms of liver disease
While liver ailment doesn’t constantly reason great signs, the subsequent symptoms and symptoms may also imply a few sort of liver issue. Also, signs may also range depending on the underlying reason.
Jaundice (yellow pores and skin and eyes)
Dark urine
Nausea
Vomiting
Chronic fatigue
Itchy pores and skin
Easy bruising
Swollen legs
Seek hospital therapy when you have any of those signs or chronic symptoms and symptoms that fear you.
Causes of liver failure
The reason of liver failure relies upon at the type of liver failure – acute or persistent. Acute liver failure happens rapidly (in days or weeks), while persistent liver failure develops regularly over time.
Acute liver failure may be as a result of many extraordinary things, even though the precise purpose can be unknown in a few cases. Possible reasons are:
. Viral infections – like hepatitis A, B or E
. Reactions to prescription medicinal drugs together with antibiotics, antidepressants, anti-seizure medicinal drugs
. Reactions to few natural medicinal drugs and supplements
. Overuse of positive capsules like acetaminophen (Tylenol)
. Autoimmune situations like autoimmune hepatitis
. Metabolic problems together with Wilson’s disease
Chronic liver failure regularly outcomes from cirrhosis (intense scarring of the liver), making it difficult or not possible on your liver to function. Cirrhosis is because of many types of liver sicknesses and situations together with alcohol-associated liver sicknesses, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), persistent hepatitis B or C infection, sicknesses that have an effect on your bile ducts like biliary stricture, biliary atresia etc.
Generally, liver failure takes place after cirrhosis, which frequently has no symptoms and symptoms or signs and symptoms at some stage in preliminary section and the liver is just too broken to preserve working. So, it’s a slow method in maximum cases.
Treatment and prevention of liver failure
The main purpose of treatment is to cope with the basic purpose of liver damage Treatment alternatives for liver failure are medication, supportive care, and liver transplant. In human beings with cirrhosis or give up degree liver disease, a liver transplant is frequently required. Lifestyle adjustments are frequently endorsed as a part of remedy.
You can reduce your risk of liver failure with the aid of using taking easy steps such as:
. Eating a wholesome food regimen wealthy in culmination and greens at the same time as reducing lower back on fatty foods.
. Maintaining a wholesome weight.
. Avoiding alcohol consumption.
. Getting vaccinated towards hepatitis A and B.
. Following guidelines whilst the usage of medications.
. Practicing appropriate private hygiene.
. Having ordinary physical examinations together along with your doctor.
Dr. Ninad Deshmukh is one of the best Liver transplant surgeon in pune India. He has performed more than 100 liver transplant surgeries as a Chief Surgeon. Currently, he is available at Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital Pune. He is an expert in all types of liver transplants and is the preferred choice for domestic as well as international patients. NewLife Gastro Liver Clinic is one of the best liver transplantation clinics in India. If you have any liver-related problems, Dr. Ninad Deshmukh is the best doctor for you.
Book your Appointment Now!
#bestliverspecialistinpune#hepatologistinpune#hepatologistdoctorinpune#livingdonorlivertransplantinpune#livertransplantinpune
0 notes
Text
Is Paracetamol A Cure To All Kind of Fevers?
Question: What is fever?
Answer: Fever is the body’s way of heat-killing germs. Just like we try to kill germs by boiling or burning, the body increases the body temperature in an attempt to kill the infecting germs. The more severe an infection, the higher is the fever. Also, for those germs that are heat resistant, the body has to increase its temperature much higher. Viruses are very heat resistant which is why viral infections often results in very high temperatures, and is not easily controlled with normal fever medication like paracetamol.For example, dengue fever symptoms do not abate completely with paracetamol.
Question: Why do we try to control fever?
Answer: Our body can function most effectively within a narrow range of temperature called the “Optimum Temperature”. Outside this temperature range the biochemical processes of our body cannot function properly. Therefore we need to control the temperature. Also children between 6 months and 6 years may be prone to developing seizures with temperature particularly if they have a family history of it, so we may want to reduce that risk. But most importantly, it is to make the child feel better, eat and drink better and help parents cope with their child’s illness. We must remember that controlling fever with fever medicines does not treat the actual cause of the fever which is the infection.
Questions: Is there any downside of actively controlling fever?
Answer: By actively controlling fever, we are actually suppressing body’s own mechanism of fighting the infecting germs. Recent evidences that have surfaced over the past few years are quite surprising. Recent researches have shown that the higher the temperature in severe bacterial infections, the better is the survival. Treatment with paracetamol has shown to increase the duration of illness in diseases like chicken pox and malaria, and the period of infectivity for normal cold. It is very common to prescribe paracetamol after vaccines for children. But researches show that giving paracetamol reduces the effectiveness of vaccines. In the wake of these research findings, a massive HEAT Study was conducted on patients admitted in intensive care with serious infections, which showed that if we do not control moderately high temperatures and instead restrict the paracetamol use only to very high temperature, more patients will survive. This has given rise to the concept of “Permissive Hyperthermia” where, for children, we administer paracetamol only when the temperature goes above 104F rather than the usual practice of using paracetamol for temperature more than 101F. But the biggest danger that we need to be worried about is that paracetamol that all of us think is a harmless medication, is actually the most common medication that causes serious damage to the liver that needs liver transplant, a facility not widely available in India.
Question: What is the danger of getting Liver Failure from paracetamol use during fever?
Answer: We do see this often. Paracetamol is generally safe when used strictly according to its recommended dosage. But problem arises because we often do not realise that we are inadvertently exceeding the recommended dose. Recommended dose for paracetamol is 60mg for each 1 kilogram body weight for an entire 24 hours. And it is given usually at 6 hourly gaps i.e. a total of 4 doses a day. Thus a 10kg baby should have a total of 600mg in a day, usually given as 150mg every 6 hours. Very often, particularly with viral infection, where temperature does not fully get controlled with paracetamol, temperature either does not come down to normal, or does not stay down for full 6 hours. At these times there is often a tendency to repeat the dose before schedule, or giving another formulation that may also contain paracetamol in it as a combination with some other medication. We think it is a different medication but very few of us actually read the composition to find out if it contains paracetamol or not. Thus unknowingly we overdose our children with paracetamol and then find that the child has become jaundiced and once we take him to the hospital we find he has got Liver Failure which is potentially a life threatening condition.
Question: What are the medications that contain paracetamol in combination with some other medication?
Answer: There are many such medications. The Most common ones of which are: Ibuprofen + Paracetamol and Diclofenac + Paracetamol – mostly used for pain and swelling, and sometimes unwisely used for fever as well, owing to the preconception that any medication that relieves pain and swelling (inflammation) also helps with fever Decongestants (often used for cough and cold) contain an antiallergic and a decongestant as a fixed dose combination with paracetamol. Many times we prescribe just plain Ibuprofen, but the medicine shops may inadvertently dispense Ibuprofen’s fixed dose combination with paracetamol, for often the name is similar, with just a “Plus” written next to it. The problem arises for Ibuprofen “Plus” that contains Ibuprofen which is meant to be administered every 8 hourly is combined with paracetamol which is meant to be administered every 6 hourly. Thus if we use this as a substitute for paracetamol and give it 6 hourly, we are giving an overdose of ibuprofen which may cause damage to kidneys, and if we use it 8 hourly, we are not giving adequate dose of paracetamol.
Question: Fixed dose combination medications can be very confusing!
Answer: Indeed. That is why we hardly ever use fixed dose combinations in Developed Countries.
Question: So what to do if fever is not controlled with Paracetamol?
Answer: First we need to decide how important it is to control the temperature. Often a little bit of a temperature may be acceptable. If temperature returns within 6 hours of a paracetamol dose, and we need to control it, we need to give a dose of Ibuprofen to alternate with paracetamol. Ibuprofen is to be given every 8 hours and paracetamol is to be given every 6 hours. Caution should be exercised while using Ibuprofen in dengue prone areas particularly the Dengue seasons, and your doctor should be consulted before starting Ibuprofen for your feverish child. But most importantly if you are prescribed Ibuprofen, you need to make sure that you are not given one of those “Plus” formulations that contain paracetamol in it.
Question: So is it important to check the composition of the tablet or Syrup?
Answer: Absolutely. It is very important to make sure that the composition of your Ibuprofen formulation does not mention paracetamol. If you are unsure, Feel free to inquire with your pharmacist to examine the composition on your behalf.
0 notes
Text
Post Liver Transplant: Navigating the Journey to Renewed Life
A liver transplant is a complex and life-altering medical procedure that offers hope and a new lease on life to individuals grappling with end-stage liver disease. However, the journey doesn't end in the operating room; it begins anew. In this comprehensive exploration of "Post Liver Transplant," we delve into the significance of liver transplantation, the challenges and triumphs of life after transplant, the critical aspects of post-transplant care, and the transformative impact it has on the lives of recipients and their families.
Understanding the Significance of Liver Transplantation
A liver transplant is a surgical procedure that involves the replacement of a diseased or damaged liver with a healthy liver from a deceased or living donor. Liver transplantation is primarily indicated for individuals facing end-stage liver disease, often resulting from conditions such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, biliary atresia, or genetic disorders.
For these patients, a liver transplant represents more than just a medical procedure; it is a lifeline, offering the promise of renewed health and vitality. The transplantation process involves extensive evaluation, donor matching, surgery, and lifelong post-transplant care.
The Triumphs and Challenges of Life After Transplant
Life after a liver transplant is marked by triumphs and challenges. The surgery itself is a monumental achievement, offering recipients the gift of extended life. However, the post-transplant journey brings its own set of challenges:
Immunosuppression: Transplant recipients must take immunosuppressive medications for the rest of their lives to prevent rejection of the new liver. Balancing the need to prevent rejection with the risk of infections and side effects of these medications requires careful management.
Regular Monitoring: Post-transplant life involves regular check-ups, blood tests, and imaging to monitor liver function, detect potential complications, and adjust medication regimens as needed.
Complications: Complications such as rejection, infection, biliary issues, and complications related to immunosuppressive medications can occur and require prompt medical attention.
Quality of Life: While a successful transplant often brings significant improvement in quality of life, recipients may still face limitations in terms of physical activity, diet, and lifestyle.
Critical Aspects of Post-Transplant Care
Post-transplant care is essential for ensuring the long-term success of the transplant. Here are some critical aspects of this care:
Medication Adherence: Taking immunosuppressive medications as prescribed is paramount to prevent rejection. Recipients must adhere to their medication regimen diligently.
Diet and Nutrition: A balanced diet and careful monitoring of dietary choices are crucial for post-transplant health. Avoiding excessive salt and maintaining a healthy weight are typically recommended.
Exercise and Physical Activity: Gradual and monitored physical activity is encouraged to rebuild strength and stamina, but recipients should consult their healthcare team for guidance.
Emotional and Psychological Support: Transplant recipients often benefit from emotional support and counseling to navigate the emotional aspects of the post-transplant journey.
Support Groups: Joining support groups or connecting with other transplant recipients can provide a sense of community and valuable insights into post-transplant life.
The Transformative Impact: A Journey to Renewed Life
The impact of a successful liver transplant on recipients' lives is profound. Individuals who once faced the daunting challenges of end-stage liver disease find solace in the knowledge that they have a second chance at life. The relief from symptoms, the restoration of health, and the regained ability to engage in everyday activities are testimonies to the transformative power of liver transplantation.
Post-transplant recipients often express profound gratitude for the selflessness of donors and the expertise of healthcare teams. For many, the transplant is not just a medical procedure but a second chance at life, filled with renewed hope, dreams, and the opportunity to make the most of every moment.
Conclusion: Navigating the Path to Renewed Life
Post liver transplant is not merely a continuation of medical treatment; it is a journey toward renewed life and well-being. With the support of dedicated healthcare teams, adherence to medication regimens, and a commitment to a healthy lifestyle, recipients can savor the gift of life that transplantation provides. While challenges may arise, the transformative impact on recipients' lives underscores the importance of ongoing research, organ donation awareness, and the profound value of the gift of life that transplantation represents. As we continue to advance our understanding of transplant medicine and post-transplant care, there is hope for even brighter horizons in the journey to renewed life.
0 notes
Text
Disseminated Strongyloides and Hyperinfection
If you've ever rotated through any type of rotation that involves an immunocompromised host, your boss will have obsessed over the same few bugs. Including the parasite strongyloides. Aka threadworm.
They will never forget it, nor will they let you. They all seem to have that one case of disseminated disease that got missed and ended badly. Of all the bugs in the world to screen prior to starting significant immunosuppression, this is one of them, along side HIV, viral hepatitis and TB.
It's endemic to tropical environments in the developing world.
The concern is hyperinfection and disseminated disease in the case of the immunocompromised, in which case the mortality is 90%.
Hence the universal acceptance of screening for it in serology (I.e. IgG) in patients about to be immunocompromised on long term or high dose steroids. I.e. solid organ transplants, BMTs, rheumatology patients needing strong long term immunosuppression etc.
image source: NEJM, Case report ssx: rash and diarrhoea after starting steroids for malignant spinal cord compression (common practice), preceded by intermittent eosinophilia (the WCCs that are directed against parasites etc.)
The how: As part of it's infective lifestyle, the larva penetrate the skin, and via skin & the mucosal layers, it enters the blood stream, travels to the right heart and into the lungs. As the host coughs, they swallow the larvae and it enters the GI. Does that sound completely skin crawling and eerie?
Clinical manifestations:
Pulmonary - eosinophilic pneumonitis (the WCCs directed at parasites increase and are the sources of inflammation in the lungs), alveolar bleeding from larval damage (yikes). On CT imaging, essentially you just see ground glass changes - non specific findings of inflammation (which can be caused by a huge array of things, of which, disseminated strongyloides would actually be the last on your list if you're not in an endemic area...). classic presentation in any GG inflammation is SOB, sometimes cough.
GI: larvae mature, embed into the intestinal mucosa and produce eggs. The eggs perpetuate the lifecycle and the host gets diarrhoea, abdominal pain etc.
Skin - rash, from dissemination of the larvae but also at the penetration site (may go unnoticed).
So then what's hyperinfection?
T cell mediated immunity is suppressed in immunosuppression either by broadly suppresive steroids (dexamethasone, prednisolone etc.) Or transplant patients on therapy directed at the T cells, in order to prevent them rejecting their organs (maybe I'm still doing this, I'll make a blog on rejection).
Hyperinflation...wait.. hyperinflation..freudian slip but equally bad.
I mean hyperinfection results from the immune system leaving the worms to proliferate unchecked. "Excessive" worms are seen in usual affected organs - skin, lungs and gut. So expect an excess in clinical presentation, bloody diarrhoea, weight loss, malabsorption etc.
Disseminated disease occurs when it spreads outside the 'usual' routes of skin, lungs, gut and the numbers lead to catastrophic damage. Respiratory failure, AKI, shock, DIC, meningitis. Can spread widely to liver, heart, etc.
As added flavour, it can also lead to gut bugs causing bacteraemia. E.g. Ecoli, strep bovis (so look for malignancy as well as Strongyloides).
Given how devastating severe disease is, it's common practice for any immunocompromised host with eosinophilia and who's traveled to the subtropics/tropics to be screened. I've seen some really paranoid ones will send off serology on seeing eosinophilia.
As the bug can autoinfect a host, expect it to be there for a lifetime once infected.
Chronic/mild forms of the disease present as well, chronic GI symptoms (heart burn, anorexia, reflux, abdo pain, diarrhoea) and is often mistaken for IBD. Hence the importance of scopes and biopsies given therapy for IBD is immunosuppression.
investigations: easy pick up on biopsy if scoped or bronch'd. otherwise, serology. Suspect it on seeing eosinophilia. Stool mCS also an option. in chronic disease - mildly elevated eosinophilia and elevated IgE
Treatment of strongyloides vs hyperinfection: ivermectin or albendazole. Ivermectin is so infamous now post pandemic.
Issues: serology can take time to return, if in doubt, I've see some consultants/attendings empirically treat with ivermectin because the risk of mortality in hyperinfection is so high. But only in cases where patients are from or travelled to endemic areas. It's considered low risk if they have done neither.
Sources (will always aim for free ones)
Gastroenterology & Hepatology Journal 2011
NEJM Case report
BMJ Case reports
CDC
Give me a shout if you've treated this!
4 notes
·
View notes
Text
Malaria Complete Guide: Types, Symptoms, and Treatment
Did you know that between 2020 and 2022, there were reported to be 24.6 billion instances of malaria and 6.22 lakh deaths? For more information, keep reading.
It has been shown that people who reside in regions with a higher mosquito population frequently experience health issues. Malaria is a disease spread by mosquitoes that is quite widespread worldwide. The protozoan parasite Plasmodium, which causes malaria, is disseminated by the female Anopheles mosquito.
This blog discusses many malarial species and their symptoms. It might have fatal consequences. With the highest illness and mortality rates in immunocompromised people, children, and pregnant women, it is a genuine global health concern.
What Is Malaria?
The female Anopheles mosquito, which transmits malaria, is responsible for this potentially fatal blood disease. Bacterial or viral illnesses do not bring on malaria. When a mosquito bites you, it injects malaria parasites into your circulatory system.
A female Anopheles mosquito picks up the Plasmodium parasite when she bites a sick person. The infection enters the mosquito's salivary glands after passing through its body.
The individual who is bitten by the mosquito contracts the infection. Convulsions, brain damage, breathing difficulties, organ failure, and death can all result from malaria if it is not treated.
What Causes Malaria?
A mosquito becomes contaminated when it bites a person who has malaria. That mosquito introduces a parasite into the victim's circulatory system when it bites them. There, the parasites multiply.
Apart from being bitten by a mosquito that transmits the disease, such as the Anopheles mosquito, there are a few more unusual but potential ways that malaria parasites might infect people:
Use of infected and shared needles.
Transplanting organs.
Transfusion of blood from a mother who is infected to her unborn child.
Malaria Types and Their Signs
Malaria symptoms include headache, fever, and chills. It could have adverse effects that are severe or even lethal. It may affect people in a variety of ways. While some people experience few or no symptoms, others develop life-threatening conditions.
Various Malaria Types
1. Neglected malaria
It can be identified by episodes of unusually high temperature and profuse perspiration, followed by bouts of extreme coolness that cause shaking.
2. Serious Malaria
It starts with signs remarkably similar to common malaria and worsens to cause respiratory problems, liver failure, and shock.
In terms of signs and symptoms, malaria is most frequently characterised by:
Cycles of coldness/shivering followed by high fever/sweating
Fatigue Palpitations
Nausea
Headache
Vomiting
Muscle ache
Increased spleen
Backache
Wet cough
Diarrhoea
What Is The Malaria Diagnosis?
Your doctor would inquire about your symptoms and prior travel experiences when performing a checkup. For your healthcare professional to fully appreciate your risk, it is crucial that you fully detail your recent whereabouts and international travel.
Your doctor will take a blood sample and send it to a lab to determine whether you have malarial parasites and the specific type of malaria causing your symptoms. The most effective course of treatment can be chosen after diagnosis.
Testing for malaria can be done using microscopic and non-microscopic techniques.
1. The blood smear (microscopic) test is often regarded as the most accurate method of determining whether or not someone has malaria.
2. A microscope slide that has been stained to highlight the parasites is covered with a drop of the patient's blood. The number of malarial parasites varies at any given time in the blood. Examples can be gathered over two or three days at intervals of eight to twelve hours to identify parasites.
3. Examples of non-microscopic diagnostics that can identify the different forms of malaria and its symptoms include rapid diagnostic tests, molecular tests, antibody tests, and vulnerability tests.
What Malaria Treatment Is There?
Artemether and artesunate are two examples of antimalarial medications. In the unlikely event, it is available, artemisinin combination therapy is the best treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
1. Atovaquone Mepron
2. The drug chloroquine. This drug is ineffective against some parasites.
3. Doxycycline (Oracea, Doxy-100, Monodox).
Mefloquine is one example.
1. Quinidine.
2. Primate.
Malaria can be cured with the correct diagnosis and course of treatment. Additionally commonly accessible as a prophylactic approach are malaria vaccinations. Recovery depends greatly on eating a balanced diet and drinking plenty of water.
The Final Say
Malaria may seem inescapable, but it is preventable with the proper measures. Everything is covered on the blog, including the signs and symptoms of malaria. You can lessen your risk of contracting the disease by keeping a safe distance from mosquito bites and using preventive medications.
A discussion with your health expert weeks in advance is highly advised if you travel to an area where malaria is prevalent and frequent cases are reported. If you are expecting or have any significant medical issues with testing, contact the pathology lab at Bansal Hospital.
About Bansal Hospital
Bansal Hospital is a multispeciality hospital and is one of the leading, reputable and reliable healthcare providers trusted by patients and their families across the region. It has all the major departments, including cardiology, neurology, oncology, orthopaedics, gastroenterology, urology, liver transplant, bone marrow transplantation, nephrology, gynaecology and more. The hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and technology and has a team of highly qualified and experienced doctors and medical staff who provide round-the-clock care to the patient.
Visit Our Website
0 notes
Text
What Cause Liver Failure
The liver is one of the most important organs working around the clock to keep you healthy and alive. It performs more than 500 tasks, including detoxification, protein synthesis and the production of bile that helps in the digestion of fats. Yet, several factors, including health problems, can cause serious liver diseases and lead to liver failure, a life-threatening condition that warrants immediate medical attention.
With is current generation and world-magnificence facilities, NewLife Gastro Liver Clinic , is famous for providing the best treatment for all degrees of liver sicknesses. If you’re involved approximately your liver health, examine on as our doctors list the overall signs of common liver diseases and the way extraordinary situations can purpose liver failure.
Signs and Symptoms of liver disease
While liver ailment doesn’t constantly reason great signs, the subsequent symptoms and symptoms may also imply a few sort of liver issue. Also, signs may also range depending on the underlying reason.
Jaundice (yellow pores and skin and eyes)
Dark urine
Nausea
Vomiting
Chronic fatigue
Itchy pores and skin
Easy bruising
Swollen legs
Seek hospital therapy when you have any of those signs or chronic symptoms and symptoms that fear you.
Causes of liver failureThe reason of liver failure relies upon at the type of liver failure – acute or persistent. Acute liver failure happens rapidly (in days or weeks), while persistent liver failure develops regularly over time.
Acute liver failure may be as a result of many extraordinary things, even though the precise purpose can be unknown in a few cases. Possible reasons are:
. Viral infections – like hepatitis A, B or E
. Reactions to prescription medicinal drugs together with antibiotics, antidepressants, anti-seizure medicinal drugs
. Reactions to few natural medicinal drugs and supplements
. Overuse of positive capsules like acetaminophen (Tylenol)
. Autoimmune situations like autoimmune hepatitis
. Metabolic problems together with Wilson’s disease
Chronic liver failure regularly outcomes from cirrhosis (intense scarring of the liver), making it difficult or not possible on your liver to function. Cirrhosis is because of many types of liver sicknesses and situations together with alcohol-associated liver sicknesses, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), persistent hepatitis B or C infection, sicknesses that have an effect on your bile ducts like biliary stricture, biliary atresia etc.
Generally, liver failure takes place after cirrhosis, which frequently has no symptoms and symptoms or signs and symptoms at some stage in preliminary section and the liver is just too broken to preserve working. So, it’s a slow method in maximum cases.
Treatment and prevention of liver failure
The main purpose of treatment is to cope with the basic purpose of liver damage Treatment alternatives for liver failure are medication, supportive care, and liver transplant. In human beings with cirrhosis or give up degree liver disease, a liver transplant is frequently required. Lifestyle adjustments are frequently endorsed as a part of remedy.
You can reduce your risk of liver failure with the aid of using taking easy steps such as:
. Eating a wholesome food regimen wealthy in culmination and greens at the same time as reducing lower back on fatty foods.
. Maintaining a wholesome weight.
. Avoiding alcohol consumption.
. Getting vaccinated towards hepatitis A and B.
. Following guidelines whilst the usage of medications.
. Practicing appropriate private hygiene.
. Having ordinary physical examinations together along with your doctor.
Dr. Ninad Deshmukh is one of the best Liver transplant surgeon in pune India. He has performed more than 100 liver transplant surgeries as a Chief Surgeon. Currently, he is available at Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital pune. He is an expert in all types of liver transplants and is the preferred choice for domestic as well as international patients. NewLife Gastro Liver Clinic is one of the best liver transplantation clinics in India. If you have any liver related problems ,Dr Ninad Deshmukh is the best doctor for you. Book your Appointment Now!
0 notes
Text
Liver Cancer Treatment in India
Liver cancer, also known as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a serious condition that requires prompt and effective treatment. In India, liver cancer treatments are conducted by highly skilled oncologists and multidisciplinary teams in specialized cancer centers equipped with advanced technologies. In this detailed point-wise exploration, we will delve into the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, and costs associated with liver cancer treatment in India.
1. Causes of Liver Cancer:
Liver cancer typically develops due to a combination of risk factors, including:
a. Chronic Hepatitis B or C Infection: Long-term infections with hepatitis B or C viruses significantly increase the risk of developing liver cancer.
b. Chronic Alcohol Abuse: Heavy and prolonged alcohol consumption can lead to liver cirrhosis, which increases the risk of liver cancer.
c. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): The accumulation of fat in the liver can progress to liver inflammation and cirrhosis, increasing the risk of liver cancer.
d. Cirrhosis: Liver cirrhosis resulting from various causes, such as viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse, or fatty liver disease, can lead to liver cancer.
e. Genetic Factors: Inherited genetic conditions like hereditary hemochromatosis and certain metabolic disorders can increase the risk of liver cancer.
2. Symptoms of Liver Cancer:
The symptoms of liver cancer may vary depending on the stage of the disease. Common symptoms include:
a. Abdominal Pain: Persistent pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen.
b. Unexplained Weight Loss: Sudden and unexplained weight loss without any dietary or lifestyle changes.
c. Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to impaired liver function.
d. Loss of Appetite: A significant decrease in appetite and a feeling of fullness even after consuming small amounts of food.
e. Fatigue and Weakness: Persistent fatigue and weakness, often accompanied by a decline in physical stamina.
3. Diagnosis and Staging:
The diagnosis of liver cancer involves a series of tests and evaluations to determine the extent of the disease. Diagnostic procedures may include:
a. Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRI, and ultrasound are used to visualize the liver and identify any tumors or abnormalities.
b. Blood Tests: Blood tests are performed to assess liver function, identify tumor markers, and detect viral infections.
c. Biopsy: A tissue sample is obtained from the liver and examined under a microscope to confirm the presence of cancer cells and determine the tumor type and grade.
d. Staging: Once liver cancer is confirmed, further imaging and tests are conducted to determine the stage of the disease, which helps guide treatment decisions.
4. Liver Cancer Treatments:
The treatment of liver cancer in India depends on various factors, including the stage of the disease, the overall health of the patient, and the extent of liver involvement. Treatment options may include:
a. Surgery: Surgical procedures, such as liver resection (removal of the tumor) or liver transplant, may be recommended for early-stage liver cancer.
b. Ablation Therapies: Techniques like radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation, and cryoablation are used to destroy cancer cells in small tumors.
c. Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE): This procedure involves delivering chemotherapy drugs directly into the blood vessels feeding the tumor, followed by blocking the blood flow to the tumor.
d. Targeted Therapy: Targeted drugs are used to inhibit specific molecules involved in the growth of cancer cells, often in cases where surgery is not feasible.
e. Radiation Therapy: High-energy X-rays or other radiation sources are used to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
f. Systemic Therapy: Chemotherapy or immunotherapy drugs may be prescribed to destroy cancer cells or enhance the body's immune response against cancer.
5. Cost of Liver Cancer Treatment in India:
The cost of liver cancer treatment in India can vary depending on several factors, including the stage of the disease, the chosen treatment modality, the duration of treatment, the hospital or cancer center, and additional services required. It is advisable to consult with an oncologist or a healthcare provider to get a personalized cost estimate based on individual circumstances.
Liver cancer treatment in India offers a comprehensive approach to diagnosing and treat liver cancer, providing patients with optimal outcomes and improved quality of life. With the expertise of highly skilled oncologists, state-of-the-art medical facilities, and a multidisciplinary approach, patients can receive effective treatment and personalized care in their journey toward combating liver cancer.
#Liver Cancer#Liver Cancer Treatment#Liver Cancer Treatment in India#Treatments#Cancer#Liver Cancer Symptoms#Liver Cancer Causes#Liver Cancer Diagnosis#Liver Cancer Cost#Liver Cancer Treatment Cost
0 notes
Last Seen Blogs
tunaamayo
tuna
mythoughts-consumeme
Currently rewatching Slugterra
rocketplussiaffinites
Rock Et Plus Si Affinites
feeltheblaziker
The Writer from Mengcheng
saurons-pr-department
I just really like Sauron